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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Jul. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Description of Business Donaldson Company, Inc. (Donaldson or the Company) is a worldwide manufacturer of filtration systems and replacement parts. The Company’s core strengths include leading filtration technology, strong customer relationships and its global presence. Products are manufactured and sold around the world. Products are sold to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), distributors, dealers and directly to end users.
Principles of Consolidation The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Donaldson and all of its majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The Company’s joint ventures are not majority-owned and are accounted for under the equity method. Certain reclassifications to previously reported financial information have been made to conform to the current period presentation.
Use of Estimates The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosures regarding contingent assets and liabilities at period end and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
With the recent outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) which has been declared by the World Health Organization to be a pandemic, management has evaluated the Company’s accounting estimates that require consideration of forecasted financial information, including its allowances for doubtful accounts and inventory obsolescence, as well as the carrying value of goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets. This assessment was conducted with current information, as well as consideration of future potential impacts of COVID-19 on the business as of July 31, 2020. Management determined that due to a majority of the Company’s business being deemed essential under applicable governmental orders otherwise restricting business activities, the limited downtime of certain operations and its ability to adapt and continue to operate in the current environment, no triggering event for impairment existed at July 31, 2020.
However, because of uncertainties at this time with respect to the severity and duration of the COVID-19 outbreak, the duration and terms of related governmental orders restricting activities, and the timing and pace of any economic recovery as COVID-19 impacts ultimately abate, management cannot predict with specificity the extent and duration of any future impact on the business and financial results from COVID-19. In addition, although most operations have continued, it is possible that they may not continue under future government orders, or may be subject to site-specific health and safety concerns which could require certain operations to be halted for some period. Accordingly, such impact could potentially result in impairments of assets and increases in allowances in future periods.
Foreign Currency Translation For most foreign operations, local currencies are considered the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. dollar functional currency entities are translated to U.S. dollars at fiscal year-end exchange rates and the resulting gains and losses arising from the translation of net assets located outside the U.S. are recorded as a cumulative translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Elements of the Consolidated Statements of Earnings are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the fiscal year. Foreign currency transaction losses are included in other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings and were $4.7 million, $4.9 million and $7.4 million in the years ended July 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid temporary investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates market value.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Trade accounts receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of credit losses in its existing accounts receivable. The Company determines the allowance based on historical write-off experience, regional economic data and evaluation of specific customer accounts for risk of loss. The Company reviews its allowance for doubtful accounts monthly. Past due balances over 90 days and over a specified amount are reviewed individually for collectability. All other balances are reviewed on a pooled basis by reporting unit and geographic region. Account balances are reserved when the Company determines it is probable the receivable will not be recovered.
Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. U.S. inventories are valued using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method while the non-U.S. inventories are valued using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Inventories valued at LIFO were approximately 27.6% and 31.3% of total inventories at July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. For inventories valued under the LIFO method, the FIFO cost exceeded the LIFO carrying values by $39.2 million and $39.8 million at July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Results of operations for all periods presented were not materially affected by the liquidation of LIFO inventory.
Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Additions, improvements or major renewals are capitalized while expenditures that do not enhance or extend the asset’s useful life are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. Depreciation expense was $79.3 million, $73.5 million and $71.1 million in the years ended July 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment are ten to forty years for buildings, including building improvements, and three to ten years for machinery and equipment.
Leases The Company determines whether an arrangement that provides control over the use of an asset to the Company is a lease. The Company recognizes a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets based on the present value of future lease payments, and recognizes lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Company has elected to separate payments for lease components from non-lease components for all asset classes. Lease agreements may include extension, termination or purchase options, all of which are considered in calculating the lease liability and right-of-use asset when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate on the commencement date is used to calculate the present value of future payments for most leases.
Internal-Use Software The Company capitalizes direct costs of materials and services used in the development and purchase of internal-use software. Amounts capitalized are amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of five to seven years and are reported as a component of property, plant and equipment.
Cloud Computing Arrangements The Company capitalizes certain costs incurred during the application development stage of implementation of internal-use software in cloud computing arrangements. Amounts capitalized are on a straight-line basis over a period of five to ten years and are reported as a component of other long-term assets.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations under the purchase method of accounting. Intangible assets, comprised of customer relationships, patents, trademarks and technology, are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of five to twenty years. Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually or if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. The impairment assessment for goodwill is done at a reporting unit level. Reporting units are one level below the operating segment level but can be combined when reporting units within the same operating segment have similar economic characteristics. An impairment loss would be recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s net assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit.
Recoverability of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including identifiable intangibles, for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If impairment indicators are present and the estimated future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the assets, the carrying value is reduced to the fair market value. There were no impairment charges recorded for the years ended July 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018.
Income Taxes The provision for income taxes is computed based on the pretax income reported for financial statement purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences attributed to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are anticipated to reverse. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will not be realized.
The Company maintains a reserve for uncertain tax benefits. Benefits of tax return positions are recognized in the financial statements when the position is more-likely-than-not to be sustained by the taxing authorities based solely on the technical merits of the position. If the recognition threshold is met, the tax benefit is measured and recognized as the largest amount of tax benefit that in the Company’s judgment is greater than 50% likely to be realized.
Treasury Stock Repurchased common stock is stated at cost (determined on an average cost basis) and is presented as a reduction of shareholders’ equity.
Research and Development Expense Research and development expenses include basic scientific research and the application of scientific advances to the development of new and improved products and their uses and are charged against earnings in the fiscal year incurred.
Shipping and Handling Shipping and handling costs of $68.1 million, $76.7 million and $73.5 million are classified as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses for the years ended July 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation The Company offers stock-based employee compensation plans. Stock-based employee compensation expense is recognized using the fair value method for all awards, see Note 10.
Revenue Recognition Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for the fulfillment of performance obligations. The transaction price of a contract could be reduced by variable consideration including product refunds, returns, volume rebates and discounts in the determination of net sales. The Company primarily relies on historical experience and anticipated future performance to estimate the variable consideration. Revenue is recognized to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur when outstanding contingencies are resolved. The Company also accounts for amounts billed to customers for reimbursement of shipping and handling as fulfillment costs by recording these amounts as revenue and accruing the costs when the related revenue is recognized.
For most customer contracts, the Company recognizes revenue at a point in time when control of the goods or services is transferred to the customer. For product sales, control is typically deemed to have transferred in accordance with the shipping terms, either at the time of shipment from the plants or distribution centers or the time of delivery to the customers. Revenue is recognized for services upon completion of those services.
Due to the customized nature of some of the Company’s products, together with contractual provisions in certain customer contracts that provide the Company with an enforceable right to payment of the transaction price for performance completed to date, revenue is recognized for these contracts over time. For these contracts, the Company recognizes revenue on products by an output measure of production, which fairly depicts the amount of revenue the Company is entitled to. The timing of revenue recognized from these products is slightly accelerated compared to revenue recognized at the time of shipment or delivery.
Incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer and other costs to fulfill a contract are required to be capitalized unless the Company elects to expense contract costs with periods less than a year. The Company has elected to expense these costs of obtaining a contract as incurred when the related contract period is less than one year. The Company does not pay upfront sales commissions on contracts when the related contract period is greater than one year, thus has not capitalized any amounts as of July 31, 2020, see Note 6.
Product Warranties The Company provides for estimated warranty expense at the time of sale and accrues for specific items at the time their existence is known and the amounts are determinable. The Company estimates warranty expense using quantitative measures based on historical warranty claim experience and evaluation of specific customer warranty issues. For a reconciliation of warranty reserves, see Note 9.
Forward Foreign Currency Contracts The Company uses forward currency exchange contracts to manage exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency. The Company enters into certain purchase commitments with foreign suppliers based on the value of its purchasing subsidiaries’ local currency relative to the currency requirement of the supplier on the date of the commitment. The Company also sells into foreign countries based on the value of the purchaser’s local currency. The Company mitigates risk through using forward currency contracts that generally mature in 12 months or less, which is consistent with the related purchases and sales. Contracts that qualify for hedge accounting are designated as cash flow hedges, see Note 13.
Net Investment Hedges The Company uses fixed-to-fixed cross currency swap agreements to hedge its exposure to adverse foreign currency exchange rate movements for its operations in Europe. In July 2019, the Company executed a fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swap in which the Company will pay Euros and receive U.S. Dollars on a notional amount of €50.0 million which matures in July 2029. The Company has elected the spot method of designating this agreement, see Note 13.
New Accounting Standards Recently Adopted In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02), which requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for substantially all leases. This accounting guidance was effective for the Company in the beginning of the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and the Company adopted the guidance on a modified retrospective basis. In December 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-20, Leases (Topic 842) Narrow-Scope Improvements for Lessors (ASU 2018-20), which amends ASU 2016-02, to provide additional guidance on accounting for certain expenses such as property taxes and insurance paid on behalf of the lessor by the lessee. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of fiscal 2020, and increased assets and liabilities by $71.5 million, as of August 1, 2019, see Note 18.
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (ASU 2018-02). The guidance allows a company to elect to reclassify from accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) to retained earnings the stranded tax effects from the adoption of the new federal corporate tax rate that became effective January 1, 2018 as a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA). The amount of the reclassification is calculated as the difference between the amount initially charged to other comprehensive income at the previously enacted tax rate that remains in AOCI and the amount that would have been charged using the newly enacted tax rate, excluding any valuation allowance prior to tax reform. The Company adopted ASU 2018-02 in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and elected to not reclassify tax effects stranded in accumulated other comprehensive loss. As such, there is no impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13). In November 2018, the FASB issued an update, ASU 2018-19, that clarifies the scope of the standard in the amendments in ASU 2016-13. This guidance introduces a new model for recognizing credit losses on financial instruments based on an estimate of current expected credit losses. Financial instruments impacted include accounts receivable, trade receivables, other financial assets measured at amortized cost and other off-balance sheet credit exposures. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-13 to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815 Derivatives and Hedging and Topic 825, Financial Instruments (ASU 2019-04). This guidance clarifies the standards on credit losses (Topic 326), derivatives and hedging (Topic 815), and recognition and measurement of financial instruments (Topic 825). The guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2019-04 to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.