24. INCOME AND MINING TAXES

Income and mining taxes expense is made up of the following components:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Current income and mining taxes	$	180,202	$	112,981
Deferred income and mining taxes:
Origination and reversal of temporary differences		75,756		152,595
Total income and mining taxes expense	$	255,958	$	265,576

The income and mining taxes expense is different from the amount that would have been calculated by applying the Canadian statutory income tax rate as a result of the following:


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020			2019
Combined federal and composite provincial tax rates		26	%		26	%
Expected income tax expense at statutory income tax rate	$	199,568		$	192,073
Increase (decrease) in income and mining taxes resulting from:
Mining taxes		94,511			92,200
Impact of foreign tax rates		(7,471)			(14,915)
Permanent differences		(19,197)			(2,450)
Impact of foreign exchange on deferred income tax balances		(11,453)			(1,332)
Total income and mining taxes expense	$	255,958		$	265,576

The following table sets out the components of Agnico Eagle’s net deferred income and mining tax liabilities:


	As at		As at
	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Mining properties	$	1,390,600	$	1,293,863
Net operating and capital loss carry forwards		(100,026)		(167,139)
Mining taxes		(90,706)		(71,507)
Reclamation provisions and other liabilities		(163,807)		(107,075)
Total deferred income and mining tax liabilities	$	1,036,061	$	948,142


	As at		As at
	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Deferred income and mining tax liabilities - beginning of year	$	948,142	$	796,708
Income and mining tax impact recognized in net income		76,197		152,006
Income tax impact recognized in other comprehensive income and equity		11,722		(572)
Deferred income and mining tax liabilities - end of year	$	1,036,061	$	948,142

The Company operates in different jurisdictions and, accordingly, it is subject to income and other taxes under the various tax regimes in the countries in which it operates. The tax rules and regulations in many countries are highly complex and subject to interpretation. The Company may be subject, in the future, to a review of its historic income and other tax filings and, in connection with such reviews, disputes can arise with the taxing authorities over the interpretation or application of certain tax rules and regulations to the Company’s business conducted within the country involved.

The deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses in respect of which a deferred tax asset has not been recognized in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:


	As at		As at
	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Net capital loss carry forwards	$	—	$	56,003
Other deductible temporary differences		214,520		296,425
Unrecognized deductible temporary differences and unused tax losses	$	214,520	$	352,428

The Company had previously unused tax credits of $12.7 million as at December 31, 2019 for which a deferred tax asset has not been recognized. The unused tax credits expired on December 31, 2020.

The capital loss carry forwards have been recognized as a deferred tax asset as at December 31, 2020. The capital loss carry forwards and other deductible temporary differences have no expiry date.

The Company has $411.4 million (2019 — $276.8 million) of taxable temporary differences associated with its investments in subsidiaries for which deferred income tax has not been recognized, as the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the taxable temporary differences and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

The Company is subject to taxes in Canada, Mexico and Finland, each with varying statutes of limitations. Prior taxation years generally remain subject to examination by applicable taxation authorities.