10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

___________________________________ 

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number: 1-6003

  _____________________________________________

 

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	36-1063330
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1333 Butterfield Road, Downers Grove, Illinois

(Address of principal executive offices)

60515

(Zip code)

(630) 954-2000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

  _____________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share	FSS	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☑    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☑    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☑	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☑

As of March 31, 2025, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock was 60,968,839.

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	6
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7
	Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	7
	Note 2 – Acquisitions	8
	Note 3 – Revenue Recognition	10
	Note 4 – Inventories	10
	Note 5 – Debt	11
	Note 6 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	13
	Note 7 – Income Taxes	13
	Note 8 – Pensions	14
	Note 9 – Commitments and Contingencies	14
	Note 10 – Earnings Per Share	15
	Note 11 – Stockholders’ Equity	16
	Note 12 – Segment Information	18
	Note 13 – Fair Value Measurements	20
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	28
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	28
PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	29
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	29
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	29
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	29
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	29
Item 5.	Other Information	29
Item 6.	Exhibits	30
SIGNATURE		31

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) is being filed by Federal Signal Corporation and its subsidiaries (referred to collectively as the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” herein, unless the context otherwise indicates) with the United States (“U.S.”) Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and includes comments made by management that may contain words such as “may,” “will,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “estimate,” and “objective” or similar terminology, or the negative thereof, concerning the Company’s future financial performance, business strategy, plans, goals, and objectives. These expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include information concerning the Company’s possible or assumed future performance or results of operations and are not guarantees. While these statements are based on assumptions and judgments that management has made in light of industry experience as well as perceptions of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments, and other factors believed to be appropriate under the circumstances, they are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause the Company’s actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different.

These risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond the Company’s control, include the risk factors described under Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on February 26, 2025. These factors may not constitute all factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in any forward-looking statement. The Company operates in a continually changing business environment and new factors emerge from time to time. The Company cannot predict such factors, nor can it assess the impact, if any, of such factors on its results of operations, financial condition, or cash flow. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as a predictor of actual results. The Company disclaims any responsibility to update any forward-looking statement provided in this Form 10-Q.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

The Company is subject to the reporting and information requirements of the Exchange Act and, as a result, is obligated to file Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and other reports and information with the SEC, as well as amendments to those reports. The Company makes these filings available free of charge through our website at www.federalsignal.com as soon as reasonably practicable after such materials are filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The Company also uses its website as a means of disclosing material non-public information and to comply with our disclosure requirements under Regulation FD. Information on our website does not constitute part of this Form 10-Q. In addition, the SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy, and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically.

1

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.     Financial Statements (Unaudited).

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions, except per share data)	2025		2024
Net sales	$	463.8	$	424.9
Cost of sales	333.0		308.9
Gross profit	130.8		116.0
Selling, engineering, general and administrative expenses	60.2		57.2
Amortization expense	4.3		3.6
Acquisition and integration-related expenses, net	0.6		0.9
Operating income	65.7		54.3
Interest expense, net	3.0		3.2
Other expense, net	0.7		0.2
Income before income taxes	62.0		50.9
Income tax expense (benefit)	15.7		(0.7)
Net income	$	46.3	$	51.6
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.76	$	0.85
Diluted	0.75		0.84
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	61.1		60.9
Diluted	61.8		61.6

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024
Net income	$	46.3	$	51.6
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment	4.0		(3.9)
Change in unrecognized net actuarial loss and prior service cost related to pension benefit plans, net of income tax expense of $0.1 and $0.2, respectively	0.2		0.6
Change in unrealized gain or loss on interest rate swaps, net of income tax expense of $0.0 and $0.2, respectively	0.1		0.5
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	4.3		(2.8)
Comprehensive income	$	50.6	$	48.8

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
(in millions, except per share data)	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	57.5	$	91.1
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $2.9 and $2.6, respectively	223.2		196.4
Inventories	362.0		331.0
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	22.1		24.0
Total current assets	664.8		642.5
Properties and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $193.8 and $187.4, respectively	235.8		218.9
Rental equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $55.6 and $53.3, respectively	185.3		173.2
Operating lease right-of-use assets	27.3		27.8
Goodwill	514.0		477.7
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $89.9 and $85.6, respectively	226.0		199.7
Deferred tax assets	9.9		9.4
Other long-term assets	16.3		16.0
Total assets	$	1,879.4	$	1,765.2
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations	$	10.1	$	19.4
Accounts payable	103.8		79.0
Customer deposits	48.9		35.0
Accrued liabilities:
Compensation and withholding taxes	28.8		45.6
Current operating lease liabilities	6.9		6.8
Other current liabilities	79.9		56.0
Total current liabilities	278.4		241.8
Long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations	266.9		204.4
Long-term operating lease liabilities	21.3		21.8
Long-term pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities	40.1		41.7
Deferred tax liabilities	58.8		58.0
Other long-term liabilities	11.5		11.4
Total liabilities	677.0		579.1
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $1 par value per share, 90.0 shares authorized, 70.6 and 70.3 shares issued, respectively	70.6		70.3
Capital in excess of par value	312.2		309.8
Retained earnings	1,140.5		1,102.8
Treasury stock, at cost, 9.5 and 9.2 shares, respectively	(236.2)		(207.8)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(84.7)		(89.0)
Total stockholders’ equity	1,202.4		1,186.1
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,879.4	$	1,765.2

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024
Operating activities:
Net income	$	46.3	$	51.6
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	18.7		15.4
Stock-based compensation expense	2.4		4.4
Amortization of interest rate swap settlement gain	—		(0.6)
Deferred income taxes	0.7		0.8
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	(31.4)		(40.3)
Net cash provided by operating activities	36.7		31.3
Investing activities:
Purchases of properties and equipment	(5.6)		(8.4)
Payments for acquisition-related activity, net of cash acquired	(82.1)		—
Other, net	—		0.8
Net cash used for investing activities	(87.7)		(7.6)
Financing activities:
Increase (decrease) in revolving lines of credit, net	64.2		(23.5)
Payments on long-term borrowings	—		(0.8)
Purchases of treasury stock	(18.5)		(0.1)
Redemptions of common stock to satisfy withholding taxes related to stock-based compensation	(8.6)		(4.1)
Cash dividends paid to stockholders	(8.6)		(7.3)
Proceeds from stock-based compensation activity	—		0.8
Other, net	(11.6)		(0.3)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	16.9		(35.3)
Effects of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	0.5		(0.5)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(33.6)		(12.1)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	91.1		61.0
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	57.5	$	48.9

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

	Three Months ended March 31, 2025
(in millions)	Common Stock		Capital in Excess of Par Value		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total
Balance at January 1, 2025	$	70.3	$	309.8	$	1,102.8	$	(207.8)	$	(89.0)	$	1,186.1
Net income					46.3						46.3
Total other comprehensive income									4.3		4.3
Cash dividends declared ($0.14 per share)					(8.6)						(8.6)
Stock-based payments:
Stock-based compensation			2.4								2.4
Stock option exercises and other	0.1		0.2				(0.5)				(0.2)
Performance share unit transactions	0.2		(0.2)				(8.2)				(8.2)
Stock repurchase program							(19.7)				(19.7)
Balance at March 31, 2025	$	70.6	$	312.2	$	1,140.5	$	(236.2)	$	(84.7)	$	1,202.4

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(in millions)	Common Stock		Capital in Excess of Par Value		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total
Balance at January 1, 2024	$	70.0	$	291.1	$	915.8	$	(193.7)	$	(81.3)	$	1,001.9
Net income					51.6						51.6
Total other comprehensive loss									(2.8)		(2.8)
Cash dividends declared ($0.12 per share)					(7.3)						(7.3)
Stock-based payments:
Stock-based compensation			4.4								4.4
Stock option exercises and other	0.1		1.4				(1.2)				0.3
Performance share unit transactions	0.1		(0.1)				(3.6)				(3.6)
Stock repurchase program							(0.1)				(0.1)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	70.2	$	296.8	$	960.1	$	(198.6)	$	(84.1)	$	1,044.4

6

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Organization and Description of the Business

Federal Signal Corporation was founded in 1901 and was reincorporated as a Delaware corporation in 1969. References herein to the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer collectively to Federal Signal Corporation and its subsidiaries.

Products manufactured and services rendered by the Company are divided into two reportable segments: Environmental Solutions Group and Safety and Security Systems Group. The individual operating businesses are organized as such because they share certain characteristics, including technology, marketing, distribution and product application, which create long-term synergies. These segments are discussed in Note 12 – Segment Information.

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements represent the consolidation of Federal Signal Corporation and its subsidiaries included herein and have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States (“U.S.”) Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures presented herein are adequate to ensure the information presented is not misleading. Except as otherwise noted, these condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Company’s accounting policies described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and should be read in conjunction with those consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto.

These condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments that we considered necessary to present a fair statement of our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flow. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The results reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements should not be regarded as necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire year, which may differ materially due to, among other things, the risk factors described under Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on February 26, 2025. While we label our quarterly information using a calendar convention whereby our first, second, and third quarters are labeled as ending on March 31, June 30, and September 30, respectively, it is our longstanding practice to establish interim quarterly closing dates based on a 13-week period ending on a Saturday, with our fiscal year ending on December 31. The effects of this practice are not material and exist only within a reporting year.

Recent Accounting Standard Adoptions

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, including enhanced disclosures regarding significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this ASU effective for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and has included the required interim disclosures for all periods presented in Note 12 - Segment Information.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topics 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which expands the disclosure requirements for income taxes. ASU 2023-09 is effective prospectively for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption and retrospective application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its financial statement disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which requires entities to disclose, on an annual and interim basis, disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items. ASU 2024-03 is effective prospectively for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15,

7

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (CONTINUED)

(Unaudited)

2027, with early adoption and retrospective adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its financial statement disclosures.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, (ii) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and (iii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

NOTE 2 – ACQUISITIONS

Acquisition of Waterblasting LLC

On February 12, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of substantially all the assets and operations of Waterblasting, LLC, owner of Hog Technologies, and Waterblasting Eurasia, s.r.o. (collectively, “Hog”). Hog is a leading U.S. manufacturer of truck-mounted road-marking, line-removal, and waterblasting equipment, serving infrastructure, municipal, and airport markets. The Company expects the acquisition of Hog will strengthen its position as an industry-leading, diversified industrial manufacturer of specialty vehicles by expanding its product offerings, market presence, and aftermarket platform.

The assets and liabilities of Hog have been consolidated into the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025, and the post-acquisition results of operations have been included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, within the Environmental Solutions Group.

The initial cash consideration paid by the Company to acquire Hog was approximately $82.1 million, inclusive of certain preliminary closing adjustments. In addition, there is a contingent earn-out payment of up to $15.0 million that is based on the achievement of certain financial targets during 2025 and an additional payment of $2.0 million that was held back from the initial amount paid at closing pending resolution of certain post-closing adjustments. Any additional closing adjustments are expected to be finalized before the end of 2025.

The acquisition is being accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, Business Combinations. Accordingly, the total purchase price has been allocated on a preliminary basis to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition based on their estimated fair values as of the completion of the acquisition. A single estimate of fair value results from a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and relies heavily on estimates and assumptions. The Company’s judgments used to determine the estimated fair value assigned to each class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as asset lives, can materially impact the Company’s results of operations. Due to

the proximity of the date of acquisition to the date of issuance of the condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company’s purchase price allocation as of March 31, 2025 reflects various provisional estimates that were based on the information that was available as of the acquisition date and the filing date of this Form 10-Q. The Company believes that

information provides a reasonable basis for estimating the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed; however, the

determination of those fair values is not yet finalized. Thus, the preliminary measurements of fair value set forth in the table

below are subject to change during the measurement period as valuations are finalized. The Company expects to finalize the

valuation and complete the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable, but not more than one year from the acquisition date.

8

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (CONTINUED)

(Unaudited)

The following table summarizes the preliminary fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:

(in millions)
Purchase price, inclusive of preliminary closing adjustments (a)	$	84.1
Estimated fair value of additional consideration (b)	7.5
Settlement of pre-existing contractual relationship (c)	0.9
Total consideration	92.5
Accounts receivable	7.2
Inventories	11.1
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2.3
Properties and equipment	17.8
Customer relationships (d)	16.5
Trade names (e)	10.5
Other intangible assets	3.5
Accounts payable	(4.1)
Accrued liabilities	(1.8)
Customer deposits	(5.4)
Net assets acquired	57.6
Goodwill (f)	$	34.9

(a)     The initial purchase price, which is subject to certain post-closing adjustments, including working capital, was funded through existing cash on hand and borrowings under the Company’s credit agreement. The initial purchase price includes $2.0 million that was held back from the initial amount paid at closing pending resolution of certain post-closing adjustments. This hold back amount is included as a component of Other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025.

(b)    Represents the preliminary estimate of fair value assigned to the contingent earn-out payment as of the acquisition date, which is included in Other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025. See Note 13 – Fair Value Measurements for discussion of the methodology used to determine the fair value of the contingent earn-out payment.

(c)    Represents the non-cash settlement of accounts receivable due from Hog to the Company as of the acquisition date. Corresponding amount payable by Hog to the Company is not included in accounts payable assumed in the table above, and the amount was settled at fair value with no impact on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

(d)    Represents the preliminary fair value assigned to customer relationships, which are considered to be definite-lived intangible assets, with a preliminary estimated useful life of approximately 11 years.

(e)    Represents the preliminary fair value assigned to trade names, which are considered to be indefinite-lived intangible assets.

(f)    Goodwill, which is primarily tax-deductible, has been allocated to the Environmental Solutions Group on the basis that the synergies identified will primarily benefit this segment.

Hog’s net sales and operating results for the period between the closing date of February 12, 2025 and the end of the Company’s first fiscal quarter of 2025 were not material.

The acquisition was not, and would not have been, material to the Company’s net sales, results of operations, or total assets during any period presented. Accordingly, the Company’s consolidated results from operations do not differ materially from historical performance as a result of the acquisition, and therefore, unaudited pro-forma results are not presented.

9

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (CONTINUED)

(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 – REVENUE RECOGNITION

The following table presents the Company’s Net sales disaggregated by geographic region, based on the location of the end customer, and by major product line:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024
Geographic Region:
U.S.	$	364.5	$	334.3
Canada	61.5		59.3
Europe/Other	37.8		31.3
Total net sales	$	463.8	$	424.9
Major Product Line:
Environmental Solutions
Vehicles and equipment (a)	$	301.6	$	272.3
Parts	60.1		61.0
Rental income (b)	15.0		12.0
Other (c)	10.7		8.7
Total	387.4		354.0
Safety and Security Systems
Public safety and security equipment	50.6		44.9
Industrial signaling equipment	16.6		16.9
Warning systems	9.2		9.1
Total	76.4		70.9
Total net sales	$	463.8	$	424.9

(a)    Includes net sales from the sale of new and used vehicles and equipment, including sales of rental equipment.

(b)    Represents income from vehicle and equipment lease arrangements with customers.

(c)    Primarily includes revenues from services, such as maintenance and repair work, and the sale of extended warranty contracts.

Contract Balances

The Company recognizes contract liabilities when cash payments, such as customer deposits, are received in advance of the Company’s satisfaction of the related performance obligations. Contract liabilities are recognized as Net sales when the related performance obligations are satisfied, which generally occurs within three to six months of the cash receipt. Contract liability balances are not materially impacted by any other factors. The Company’s contract liabilities were $53.3 million as of March 31, 2025 and $38.8 million as of December 31, 2024. Contract assets, such as unbilled receivables, were not material as of any of the periods presented herein.

NOTE 4 – INVENTORIES

The following table summarizes the components of Inventories:

(in millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Finished goods	$	139.3	$	129.4
Raw materials	185.1		171.9
Work in process	37.6		29.7
Total inventories	$	362.0	$	331.0

10

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (CONTINUED)

(Unaudited)

NOTE 5 – DEBT

The following table summarizes the components of Long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations:

(in millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
2022 Credit Agreement (a)	$	275.8	$	210.9
Finance lease obligations	1.2		12.9
Total long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations, including current portion	277.0		223.8
Less: Current maturities	9.4		7.0
Less: Current finance lease obligations	0.7		12.4
Total long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations	$	266.9	$	204.4

(a)     Defined as the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated October 21, 2022, as amended.

As more fully described within Note 13 – Fair Value Measurements, the Company uses a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The fair value of the Company’s long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations is based on interest rates that we believe are currently available to us for issuance of debt with similar terms and remaining maturities (Level 2 input). The carrying amounts of the Company’s long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations approximate their fair values as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The 2022 Credit Agreement is a senior secured credit facility that provides the Company and certain of its foreign subsidiaries access to an aggregate original principal amount of up to $800 million, consisting of (i) a revolving credit facility in an amount up to $675 million (the “Revolver”) and (ii) a term loan facility in an original amount of up to $125 million. The 2022 Credit Agreement matures on October 21, 2027.

On May 16, 2024, the Company entered into the First Amendment to the 2022 Credit Agreement. The amendment was largely administrative in nature, including certain language to address ongoing reference rate reform. There were no changes to the term or the Company’s borrowing capacity under the 2022 Credit Agreement.

Borrowings under the 2022 Credit Agreement bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a base rate or an Adjusted Eurocurrency Rate (as defined in the 2022 Credit Agreement) in the case of borrowings in euros or an adjusted RFR (as defined in the 2022 Credit Agreement) in the case of borrowings in U.S. dollars, Canadian dollars, or British pounds, plus, in each case, an applicable margin. The applicable margin ranges from zero to 0.75% for base rate borrowings and 1.00% to 1.75% for Adjusted Eurocurrency Rate and RFR borrowings. The Company must also pay a commitment fee to the lenders ranging between 0.10% to 0.25% per annum on the unused portion of the Revolver along with other standard fees. Applicable margin, issuance fees, and other customary expenses are payable on outstanding letters of credit.

The Company is subject to certain net leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio financial covenants under the 2022 Credit Agreement that are measured at each fiscal quarter-end. The Company was in compliance with all such covenants as of March 31, 2025.

As of March 31, 2025, there was $155.5 million of cash drawn on the Revolver, $120.3 million outstanding under the term loan facility, and $10.9 million of undrawn letters of credit under the 2022 Credit Agreement, with $508.6 million of net availability for borrowings. As of December 31, 2024, there was $90.6 million of cash drawn on the Revolver, $120.3 million outstanding under the term loan facility, and $10.1 million of undrawn letters of credit under the 2022 Credit Agreement, with $574.3 million of net availability for borrowings.

The following table summarizes the gross borrowings and gross payments under the Company’s revolving credit facilities:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024
Gross borrowings	$	78.0	$	10.0
Gross payments	13.8		33.5

11

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (CONTINUED)

(Unaudited)

Interest Rate Swaps

On October 21, 2022, the Company entered into an interest rate swap (the “2022 Swap”) with a notional amount of $75.0 million, as a means of fixing the floating interest rate component on $75.0 million of its variable-rate debt. The 2022 Swap is designated as a cash flow hedge, with an original maturity date of October 31, 2025.

On July 11, 2023, the Company entered into an additional interest rate swap (the “2023 Swap”) with a notional amount of $75.0 million, as a means of fixing the floating interest rate component on $75.0 million of its variable-rate debt. The 2023 Swap is designated as a cash flow hedge, with an original maturity date of August 1, 2025.

As a result of the application of hedge accounting treatment, all unrealized gains and losses related to the derivative instruments are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and are reclassified into the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of Interest expense, net in the same period in which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Hedge effectiveness is assessed quarterly. The Company does not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

The fair value of the Company’s interest rate swaps is derived from a discounted cash flow analysis based on the terms of the contract and the interest rate curve (Level 2 inputs) and measured on a recurring basis in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The fair value of the Company’s interest rate swaps was a liability of $0.2 million at March 31, 2025 and $0.3 million at December 31, 2024, which were included in Other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recorded unrealized pre-tax gains of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. No ineffectiveness was recorded in either period.

In connection with entering into the 2022 Credit Agreement in October 2022, the Company terminated an interest rate swap initially entered into in 2019, receiving proceeds of $4.3 million upon settlement. The settlement gain was recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and was amortized into earnings ratably through the original maturity date of July 30, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized a non-cash settlement gain of $0.6 million as a component of Interest expense, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Finance Leases

In the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company provided notice to the lessor of one of its leased U.S. manufacturing facilities of its intent to exercise the $11.5 million purchase option included in the lease agreement. The Company remeasured the corresponding lease liability, adjusted the right-of-use (“ROU”) asset, and reassessed the lease classification, resulting in a change in classification from an operating lease to a finance lease in the fourth quarter of 2024. The purchase was completed on February 10, 2025. As of the purchase date, the related finance lease ROU asset, net, was approximately $11.3 million and the finance lease liability was $11.5 million. The cash outflow of approximately $11.5 million related to the facility purchase is reflected as a component of Other, net within the financing activities on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

The following table summarizes the supplemental noncash investing and financing activities related to this facility purchase:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025
Purchase of properties and equipment through exchange of lease ROU asset	$	11.3
Derecognition of ROU asset	(11.3)

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FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (CONTINUED)

(Unaudited)

NOTE 6 – GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The following table summarizes the carrying amount of goodwill, and the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill in the three months ended March 31, 2025, by segment:

(in millions)	Environmental Solutions		Safety & Security Systems		Total
Balance at January 1, 2025	$	368.8	$	108.9	$	477.7
Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments	34.9		—		34.9
Translation adjustments	—		1.4		1.4
Balance at March 31, 2025	$	403.7	$	110.3	$	514.0

The following table summarizes the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets for each major class of intangible assets:

	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
(in millions)	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships (a)	$	182.2	$	(84.7)	$	97.5	$	165.7	$	(80.7)	$	85.0
Other (a)	10.7		(5.2)		5.5		7.2		(4.9)		2.3
Total definite-lived intangible assets	192.9		(89.9)		103.0		172.9		(85.6)		87.3
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names	118.7		—		118.7		108.1		—		108.1
Other	4.3		—		4.3		4.3		—		4.3
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets	123.0		—		123.0		112.4		—		112.4
Total intangible assets	$	315.9	$	(89.9)	$	226.0	$	285.3	$	(85.6)	$	199.7

(a)    Average useful life of customer relationships and other definite-lived intangible assets are estimated to be approximately 11 years and 6 years, respectively. The average useful life across all definite-lived intangible assets is estimated to be approximately 11 years.

The table above includes preliminary estimates of the fair value and useful lives of certain definite and indefinite-lived intangible assets related to the acquisitions of Hog, which was acquired during the first quarter of 2025, and Standard Equipment Company (“Standard”), which was acquired during the fourth quarter of 2024. As further described in Note 2 – Acquisitions, the preliminary measurements of fair value included in the table above are subject to change during the measurement period as the applicable third-party valuations are finalized.

Amortization expense was $4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The Company currently estimates that aggregate amortization expense will be approximately $13.4 million for the remainder of 2025, $17.7 million in 2026, $17.0 million in 2027, $16.4 million in 2028, $11.0 million in 2029, and $27.5 million thereafter. Actual amounts of amortization may differ from estimated amounts due to changes in foreign currency rates, measurement period adjustments for the Hog and Standard acquisitions, impairment of intangible assets, and other events.

NOTE 7 – INCOME TAXES

The Company recognized income tax expense of $15.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to a benefit of $0.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024, with the increase primarily due to the effects of higher pre-tax income levels and the non-recurrence of a $13.0 million discrete tax benefit, which was recognized in the prior-year quarter when the Company was notified that certain U.S. federal tax returns, which had been amended in 2023 to claim a worthless stock deduction, had been approved by the relevant tax authorities. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was an expense of 25.3%, compared to a benefit of 1.4% in the prior-year quarter.

13

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (CONTINUED)

(Unaudited)

NOTE 8 – PENSIONS

The following table summarizes the components of Net periodic pension expense: 

	U.S. Benefit Plan				Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Interest cost	1.4		1.4		0.4		0.4
Amortization of actuarial loss	0.6		0.5		0.1		0.2
Expected return on plan assets	(1.4)		(1.8)		(0.4)		(0.5)
Net periodic pension expense	$	0.6	$	0.1	$	0.1	$	0.1

The items that comprise Net periodic pension expense are included as a component of Other expense, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

NOTE 9 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Financial Commitments

The Company provides indemnifications and other guarantees in the ordinary course of business, the terms of which range in duration and often are not explicitly defined. Specifically, the Company is occasionally required to provide letters of credit and bid and performance bonds to various customers, principally to act as security for retention levels related to casualty insurance policies and to guarantee the performance of subsidiaries that engage in export and domestic transactions. At March 31, 2025, the Company had outstanding performance and financial standby letters of credit, as well as outstanding bid and performance bonds, aggregating to $28.6 million. If any such letters of credit or bonds are called, the Company would be obligated to reimburse the issuer of the letter of credit or bond. The Company believes the likelihood of any currently outstanding letter of credit or bond being called is remote.

Product Warranties

The Company issues product performance warranties to customers with the sale of its products. The specific terms and conditions of these warranties vary depending upon the product sold and country in which the Company does business, with warranty periods generally ranging from one to five years. The Company estimates the costs that may be incurred under its basic limited warranty and records a liability in the amount of such costs at the time the sale of the related product is recognized. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty liability include (i) the number of units under warranty, (ii) historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims, and (iii) costs per claim. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary.

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s warranty liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

(in millions)	2025		2024
Balance at January 1	$	9.8	$	9.6
Provisions to expense	1.6		2.2
Acquisitions	0.6		—
Payments	(1.6)		(2.0)
Balance at March 31	$	10.4	$	9.8

Legal Proceedings

The Company is subject to various claims, including pending and possible legal actions for product liability and other damages, and other matters arising in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews uninsured material legal claims against the Company and accrues for the costs of such claims as appropriate in the exercise of management’s best judgment and experience. However, due to a lack of factual information available to the Company about a claim, or the procedural stage of a claim, it may not be possible for the Company to reasonably assess

14

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (CONTINUED)

(Unaudited)

either the probability of a favorable or unfavorable outcome of the claim or to reasonably estimate the amount of loss should there be an unfavorable outcome. Therefore, for many claims, the Company cannot reasonably estimate a range of loss.

The Company believes, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that the outcome of such claims and actions will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition. However, in the event of unexpected future developments, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of such matters, if unfavorable, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition, or cash flow.

Hearing Loss Litigation

Between 1999 and 2017, the Company was sued for monetary damages by multiple firefighters claiming that exposure to the Company’s sirens impaired their hearing and that the sirens were therefore defective. The Company has vigorously defended itself against these claims, obtaining many jury verdicts in its favor and settling some for nominal amounts. In 2018, counsel for the remaining plaintiffs requested that the Company consider settlement, and on November 4, 2019, the parties executed a global settlement agreement pursuant to which the Company would pay $700 to each firefighter who filed a lawsuit and is eligible to be part of the settlement, and $300 to each firefighter who has not yet filed a case and is eligible to be part of the settlement. The settlement agreement requires plaintiffs’ attorneys to withdraw from representing firefighters who elect not to participate in the settlement and does not include the payment of any attorney fees by the Company. To be eligible for settlement, among other things, firefighters must provide proof that they have high frequency noise-induced hearing loss. As of March 31, 2025, the Company has recognized an estimated liability for the potential settlement amount. While it is reasonably possible that the ultimate resolution of this matter may result in a loss in excess of the amount accrued, the incremental loss is not expected to be material.

NOTE 10 – EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share, which requires that non-vested restricted stock containing non-forfeitable dividend rights should be treated as participating securities pursuant to the two-class method. Under the two-class method, net income is reduced by the amount of dividends declared in the period for common stock and participating securities. The remaining undistributed earnings are then allocated to common stock and participating securities as if all of the net income for the period had been distributed. The amounts of distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were insignificant and did not materially impact the calculation of basic or diluted EPS.

Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and non-vested restricted stock awards outstanding for the period.

Diluted EPS is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock and non-vested restricted stock awards outstanding for the year, plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. The dilutive effect of common stock equivalents is determined using the more dilutive of the two-class method or alternative methods. The Company uses the treasury stock method to determine the potentially dilutive impact of our employee stock options and restricted stock units, and the contingently issuable method for our performance-based restricted stock unit awards.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, options to purchase 0.1 million shares of the Company’s common stock had an

anti-dilutive effect on EPS, and accordingly, were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the number of options to purchase shares of the Company’s stock that had an antidilutive effect on EPS was not significant.

15

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (CONTINUED)

(Unaudited)

The following table reconciles Net income to basic and diluted EPS:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions, except per share data)	2025		2024
Net income	$	46.3	$	51.6
Weighted average shares outstanding – Basic	61.1		60.9
Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents	0.7		0.7
Weighted average shares outstanding – Diluted	61.8		61.6
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.76	$	0.85
Diluted	0.75		0.84

NOTE 11 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Dividends

On February 21, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.14 per common share. The dividend totaled $8.6 million and was distributed on March 27, 2025 to stockholders of record at the close of business on March 14, 2025.

On April 22, 2025, the Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.14 per common share payable on May 30, 2025 to stockholders of record at the close of business on May 16, 2025.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, dividends of $7.3 million were paid to stockholders.

Stock Repurchase Program

In March 2020, the Board authorized a stock repurchase program (the “March 2020 program”) of up to $75 million of the Company’s common stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company repurchased 250,604 shares for a total of $19.7 million under its stock repurchase program, including $1.2 million that settled in the second quarter of 2025. At the end of the first quarter of 2025, the Company had remaining authorization under the March 2020 program of approximately $27.2 million.

In April 2025, the Company repurchased an additional 280,893 shares for a total of $20.0 million, which left approximately $7.2 million of authorization remaining under the March 2020 program. On April 22, 2025, the Board authorized an additional stock repurchase program (the “April 2025 program”) of up to $150 million of the Company’s common stock. The April 2025 program supplements the Board’s prior authorization under the March 2020 program, which remains in effect.

The stock repurchase programs are intended primarily to facilitate purchases of Company stock as a means to provide cash returns to stockholders, enhance stockholder returns, and manage the Company’s capital structure. Under its stock repurchase programs, the Company is authorized to repurchase, from time to time, shares of its outstanding common stock. Stock repurchases by the Company are subject to market conditions and other factors and may be commenced, suspended, or discontinued at any time.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 1,600 shares for a total of $0.1 million under its stock repurchase program.

16

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (CONTINUED)

(Unaudited)

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following tables summarize the changes in each component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

(in millions)	Actuarial Losses		Prior Service Costs		Foreign Currency Translation		Interest Rate Swaps		Total
Balance at January 1, 2025 (a)	$	(62.5)	$	(1.8)	$	(24.5)	$	(0.2)	$	(89.0)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(0.3)		—		4.0		0.1		3.8
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0.5		—		—		—		0.5
Net current-period other comprehensive income	0.2		—		4.0		0.1		4.3
Balance at March 31, 2025 (a)	$	(62.3)	$	(1.8)	$	(20.5)	$	(0.1)	$	(84.7)

(in millions)	Actuarial Losses		Prior Service Costs		Foreign Currency Translation		Interest Rate Swaps		Total
Balance at January 1, 2024 (a)	$	(69.7)	$	(2.0)	$	(10.1)	$	0.5	$	(81.3)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	0.1		—		(3.9)		1.2		(2.6)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0.5		—		—		(0.7)		(0.2)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	0.6		—		(3.9)		0.5		(2.8)
Balance at March 31, 2024 (a)	$	(69.1)	$	(2.0)	$	(14.0)	$	1.0	$	(84.1)

(a)    Amounts in parentheses indicate losses.

The following table summarizes the amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 and the affected line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss				Affected Line Item in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
	2025		2024
(in millions) (a)
Amortization of actuarial losses of defined benefit pension plans	$	(0.7)	$	(0.7)	Other expense, net
Interest rate swaps	—		0.9		Interest expense, net
Total before tax	(0.7)		0.2
Income tax benefit (expense)	0.2		—		Income tax expense (benefit)
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	$	(0.5)	$	0.2

(a)    Amounts in parentheses indicate losses.

17

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (CONTINUED)

(Unaudited)

NOTE 12 — SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company has two reportable segments. Business units are organized under each reportable segment because they share certain characteristics, such as technology, marketing, distribution, and product application, which are expected to create long-term synergies.

The following tables summarize the Company’s financial performance by reportable segment and include reconciliations of segment operating income to consolidated income before income taxes:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
(in millions of dollars)	Environmental Solutions		Safety and Security Systems		Total
Net sales (a)	$	387.4	$	76.4	$	463.8
Less: Cost of sales	288.4		44.6		333.0
Gross profit	99.0		31.8		130.8
Less:
Selling, engineering, general, and administrative expenses	34.9		16.0		50.9
Other segment items (b)	4.4		—		4.4
Segment operating income	59.7		15.8		75.5
Reconciliation to income before income taxes:
All other (income) loss (c)					9.8
Interest expense, net					3.0
Other expense, net					0.7
Income before income taxes					$	62.0

(a)    Represents net sales from external customers. Intersegment net sales are not significant. Total of segment net sales agrees to Net sales on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

(b)    Other segment items includes amortization expense and acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, within the Environmental Solutions Group.

(c)    Represents general corporate expenses.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(in millions of dollars)	Environmental Solutions		Safety and Security Systems		Total
Net sales (a)	$	354.0	$	70.9	$	424.9
Less: Cost of sales	267.3		41.6		308.9
Gross profit	86.7		29.3		116.0
Less:
Selling, engineering, general, and administrative expenses	30.9		15.5		46.4
Other segment items (b)	4.1		—		4.1
Segment operating income	51.7		13.8		65.5
Reconciliation to income before income taxes:
All other (income) loss (c)					11.2
Interest expense, net					3.2
Other expense, net					0.2
Income before income taxes					$	50.9

(a)    Represents net sales from external customers. Intersegment net sales are not significant. Total of segment net sales agrees to Net sales on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

(b)    Other segment items includes amortization expense and acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, within the Environmental Solutions Group.

(c)    Represents general corporate expenses.

18

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (CONTINUED)

(Unaudited)

The following table summarizes the Company’s total depreciation and amortization by reportable segment and includes a reconciliation of total segment depreciation and amortization to total depreciation and amortization:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions of dollars)	2025		2024
Depreciation and amortization:
Environmental Solutions (a)	$	17.6	$	14.3
Safety and Security Systems (a)	1.0		1.0
Total segment depreciation and amortization	18.6		15.3
Corporate	0.1		0.1
Total depreciation and amortization	$	18.7	$	15.4

(a)    The amounts of depreciation and amortization disclosed by reportable segment are included within cost of sales; selling, engineering, general, and administrative expenses; and other segment items in the tables above.

The following table summarizes the Company’s total assets by reportable segment and includes a reconciliation of total segment assets to total assets:

(in millions of dollars)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Total assets:
Environmental Solutions	$	1,544.3	$	1,424.7
Safety and Security Systems	283.6		279.5
Total segment assets	1,827.9		1,704.2
Corporate and eliminations	51.5		61.0
Total assets	$	1,879.4	$	1,765.2

The following table summarizes the Company’s total capital expenditures by reportable segment and includes a reconciliation of total segment capital expenditures to total capital expenditures:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions of dollars)	2025		2024
Capital expenditures
Environmental Solutions	$	4.4	$	5.6
Safety and Security Systems	0.8		2.1
Total segment capital expenditures	5.2		7.7
Corporate	0.4		0.7
Total capital expenditures	$	5.6	$	8.4

19

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (CONTINUED)

(Unaudited)

NOTE 13 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company uses a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. Observable inputs are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about valuation based on the best information available in the circumstances. The three levels of inputs are classified as follows:

•Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2 — observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and

•Level 3 — unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches within the fair value measurement framework. The valuation methodologies used for the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value and their classification in the valuation hierarchy are summarized below.

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents primarily consist of time-based deposits and interest-bearing instruments with maturities of three months or less. The Company classified cash equivalents as Level 1 due to the short-term nature of these instruments and measured the fair value based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

Interest Rate Swaps

As described in Note 5 – Debt, the Company may, from time to time, execute interest rate swaps as a means of fixing the floating interest rate component on a portion of its floating-rate debt. The Company classifies its interest rate swaps as Level 2 due to the use of a discounted cash flow model based on the terms of the contract and the interest rate curve (Level 2 inputs) to calculate the fair value of the swaps.

Contingent Consideration

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had contingent obligations to transfer up to $6.2 million, C$6.0 million (approximately $4.2 million), $4.8 million, and $15.0 million to the former owners of Blasters, Inc. and Blasters Technologies, LLC (collectively, “Blasters”); Trackless Vehicles Limited, Trackless Vehicles Asset Corp, and the wholly-owned subsidiary Work Equipment Ltd. (collectively, “Trackless”); Standard; and Hog, respectively, if specified financial results are met over future reporting periods (i.e., an earn-out). The Blasters, Trackless, Standard, and Hog acquisitions were completed on January 3, 2023, April 3, 2023, October 4, 2024, and February 12, 2025, respectively. The Blasters contingent earn-out payments, if earned, would be due to be paid annually, in each of the three years following the anniversary of the closing date. There was no contingent earn-out payable for the first annual measurement period. The second annual measurement period ended on January 3, 2025, and the applicable contingent earn-out payment, if any, is expected to be finalized in the second quarter of 2025. The Trackless contingent earn-out payment, if earned, would be due to be paid following the second anniversary of the closing date. The applicable contingent earn-out payment is expected to be finalized before the end of the third quarter of 2025. The Standard contingent earn-out payment, if earned, would be due to be paid following the end of the performance period, which concludes on January 1, 2027. The Hog contingent earn-out payment, if earned, would be due to be paid following the end of the performance period, which concludes on December 31, 2025. The Company also had a contingent obligation to transfer up to $7.5 million to the former owners of Deist Industries, Inc., Bucks Fabricating, LLC, Roll-Off Parts, LLC, and Switch-N-Go LLC (collectively, “Deist”). The earn-out period for Deist ended on December 30, 2024, the third anniversary of the closing date, and the associated earn-out payment, if any, is expected to be finalized in the second quarter of 2025.

Liabilities for contingent consideration are measured at fair value each reporting period, with the acquisition-date fair value included as part of the consideration transferred. Subsequent changes in fair value are included as a component of Acquisition and integration-related expenses, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company uses an income approach to value the contingent consideration liability based on the present value of risk-adjusted future cash flows under either a scenario-based or option-pricing method, as appropriate. Due to the lack of relevant observable market data over fair value inputs, such as prospective financial information or probabilities of future events as of

20

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (CONTINUED)

(Unaudited)

March 31, 2025, the Company has classified the contingent consideration liability within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy outlined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements.

The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2025:

	Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	23.6	$	—	$	—	$	23.6
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	—		—		12.3		12.3
Interest rate swaps	—		0.2		—		0.2

The following table provides a roll-forward of the fair value of recurring Level 3 fair value measurements in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

(in millions)	2025			2024
Contingent consideration liability, at January 1	$	4.8	`	$	4.9
Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments	7.5			(0.2)
Foreign currency translation	—			(0.1)
Contingent consideration liability, at March 31	$	12.3		$	4.6

21

Item 2.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is designed to provide information that is supplemental to, and should be read together with, the condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes contained in this Form 10-Q, as well as the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Information in MD&A is intended to provide an analysis of our financial condition and results of operations from management’s perspective and assist the reader in obtaining an understanding of (i) the condensed consolidated financial statements, (ii) the Company’s business segments and how the results of those segments impact the Company’s results of operations and financial condition as a whole, and (iii) how certain accounting principles affect the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, and to provide discussion of material events and uncertainties known to management that are reasonably likely to cause reported financial information not to be indicative of future operating results or future financial condition. The Company’s results for interim periods should not be regarded as necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire year, which may differ materially due to, among other things, the risk factors described under Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on February 26, 2025.

Executive Summary

The Company is a leading global manufacturer and supplier of (i) vehicles and equipment for maintenance and infrastructure end-markets, including sewer cleaners, industrial vacuum loaders, vacuum- and hydro-excavation trucks (collectively, “safe-digging trucks”), street sweepers, waterblasting equipment, road-marking and line-removal equipment, dump truck bodies, trailers, metal extraction support equipment, and multi-purpose maintenance vehicles, and (ii) public safety equipment, such as vehicle lightbars and sirens, industrial signaling equipment, public warning systems, and general alarm/public address systems. In addition, we engage in the sale of parts, service and repair, equipment rentals, and training as part of a comprehensive aftermarket offering to our customer base. We operate 18 principal manufacturing facilities in the U.S., three in Canada, two in Europe, and one in South Africa and provide products and integrated solutions to municipal, governmental, industrial, and commercial customers in all regions of the world.

As described in Note 12 – Segment Information to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company’s business units are organized in two reportable segments: the Environmental Solutions Group and the Safety and Security Systems Group.

Economic Considerations

A substantial majority of the Company’s manufacturing operations are located within the U.S., and the substantial majority of the raw materials and component parts used to support the Company’s domestic production processes are sourced from within the U.S. Similarly, in the locations where the Company manufactures products outside of the U.S, the respective supply chains and end customers are predominantly localized. While the Company primarily sources its products within the respective countries in which it manufactures, certain raw materials and component parts that go into making its products are imported into the U.S. from various countries, including China, and are subject to tariffs, sanctions, embargoes, export and import controls, and other trade restrictions. Additionally, the Company sells certain products to customers outside of the U.S., including in Canada, that are covered by international trade agreements and regulations, including tariffs. In March and April 2025, the U.S. federal government implemented or threatened broad new tariffs on imports, which has resulted in certain retaliatory tariffs being levied or threatened by a number of impacted countries. The U.S. federal government has also indicated that they may increase the existing tariffs, impose additional tariffs, and/or expand tariffs on goods imported from various countries. Although certain exemptions to the tariffs have been announced, their duration and scope remain unclear at this time, and such exemptions may be subject to change.

While the tariffs implemented in March 2025 did not have a significant impact on the Company’s first quarter results, the long-term effects of those implemented then, and implemented in April 2025, remain uncertain. Although the Company believes that many of its products are included in the current tariff exemptions, the Company continues to closely monitor the evolving tariff and trade policy environment, which could change or alter these exemptions. Further, the Company is monitoring the potential for supply disruptions as a result of these trade disputes and negotiations, including those related to restrictions around exporting certain rare earth minerals and magnets by China, some of which are used in the production of certain of the Company’s products. While the collective impact of these trade issues is uncertain, the Company continues to monitor the potential for higher product and operating costs and to evaluate the need to counteract any adverse effects on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flow.

22

Operating Results

Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $38.9 million, or 9%, compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily due to higher sales volumes, inclusive of the effects of acquisitions, and pricing actions. The Environmental Solutions Group reported a net sales increase of $33.4 million, or 9%, primarily due to increases in sales of sewer cleaners of $15.1 million, dump truck bodies of $10.4 million, road-marking and line-removal equipment of $6.8 million, and industrial vacuum loaders of $5.7 million. In addition, aftermarket revenues improved by $11.2 million. Partially offsetting these improvements were reductions in sales of safe-digging trucks of $8.4 million and trailers of $4.6 million, as well as a $3.0 million unfavorable foreign currency translation impact. Within the Safety and Security Systems Group, net sales increased by $5.5 million, or 8%, primarily due to a $5.8 million improvement in sales of public safety equipment.

Operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $11.4 million, or 21%, compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily driven by a $14.8 million improvement in gross profit and a $0.3 million reduction in acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, partially offset by a $3.0 million increase in Selling, Engineering, General and Administrative (“SEG&A”) expenses and a $0.7 million increase in amortization expense. Consolidated operating margin for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was 14.2%, compared to 12.8% in the prior-year quarter.

Income before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $11.1 million, or 22%, compared to the prior-year quarter. The increase resulted from the higher operating income and a $0.2 million reduction in interest expense, net, partially offset by a $0.5 million increase in other expense, net.

Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 decreased by $5.3 million compared to the prior-year quarter, largely due to a $16.4 million increase in income tax expense, partially offset by the aforementioned increase in income before taxes.

Total orders for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were $568 million, an increase of $65 million, or 13%, compared to the prior-year quarter. The Environmental Solutions Group reported total orders of $480 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025, an increase of $52 million, or 12%, in comparison to the prior-year quarter. Orders in the three months ended March 31, 2025 within the Safety and Security Systems Group were $88 million, an increase of $13 million, or 17%, compared to the prior-year quarter.

Our consolidated backlog at March 31, 2025 was $1.10 billion, an increase of $3 million compared to the prior-year quarter.

Results of Operations

The following table summarizes our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and illustrates key financial indicators used to assess our consolidated financial results:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions, except per share data)	2025			2024			Change
Net sales	$	463.8		$	424.9		$	38.9
Cost of sales	333.0			308.9			24.1
Gross profit	130.8			116.0			14.8
Selling, engineering, general and administrative expenses	60.2			57.2			3.0
Amortization expense	4.3			3.6			0.7
Acquisition and integration-related expenses, net	0.6			0.9			(0.3)
Operating income	65.7			54.3			11.4
Interest expense, net	3.0			3.2			(0.2)
Other expense, net	0.7			0.2			0.5
Income before income taxes	62.0			50.9			11.1
Income tax expense (benefit)	15.7			(0.7)			16.4
Net income	$	46.3		$	51.6		$	(5.3)
Operating data:
Operating margin	14.2		%	12.8		%	1.4		%
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.75		$	0.84		$	(0.09)
Total orders	567.9			502.7			65.2
Backlog	1,102.0			1,099.4			2.6
Depreciation and amortization	18.7			15.4			3.3

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Net sales

Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $38.9 million, or 9%, compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily due to higher sales volumes, inclusive of the effects of acquisitions, and pricing actions. The Environmental Solutions Group reported a net sales increase of $33.4 million, or 9%, primarily due to increases in sales of sewer cleaners of $15.1 million, dump truck bodies of $10.4 million, road-marking and line-removal equipment of $6.8 million, and industrial vacuum loaders of $5.7 million. In addition, aftermarket revenues improved by $11.2 million. Partially offsetting these improvements were reductions in sales of safe-digging trucks of $8.4 million and trailers of $4.6 million, as well as a $3.0 million unfavorable foreign currency translation impact. Within the Safety and Security Systems Group, net sales increased by $5.5 million, or 8%, primarily due to a $5.8 million improvement in sales of public safety equipment.

Cost of sales

Cost of sales increased by $24.1 million, or 8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the prior-year quarter, largely due to an increase of $21.1 million, or 8%, within the Environmental Solutions Group, primarily related to higher sales volumes and the addition of cost of sales from recent acquisitions. Within the Safety and Security Systems Group, cost of sales increased by $3.0 million, or 7%, primarily related to higher sales volumes.

Gross profit

Gross profit increased by $14.8 million, or 13%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily due to a $12.3 million improvement within the Environmental Solutions Group and a $2.5 million increase within the Safety and Security Systems Group. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues (“gross profit margin”) for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was 28.2%, compared to 27.3% in the prior-year quarter, primarily due to improvements within the Environmental Solutions Group of 110 basis points and the Safety and Security Systems Group of 30 basis points.

SEG&A expenses

SEG&A expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $3.0 million, or 5%, compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily due to a $4.0 million increase within the Environmental Solutions Group and a $0.5 million increase within the Safety and Security Systems Group, which were partially offset by a $1.5 million decrease in Corporate SEG&A expenses. As a percentage of net sales, SEG&A expenses were 13.0% in the current-year quarter, compared to 13.5% in the prior-year quarter.

Operating income

Operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $11.4 million, or 21%, compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily driven by a $14.8 million improvement in gross profit and a $0.3 million reduction in acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, partially offset by a $3.0 million increase in SEG&A expenses and a $0.7 million increase in amortization expense. Consolidated operating margin for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was 14.2%, compared to 12.8% in the prior-year quarter.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 decreased by $0.2 million compared to the prior-year quarter, largely due to reductions in average debt levels.

Other expense, net

Other expense, net, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $0.5 million compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily due to higher non-operating pension costs.

Income tax expense (benefit)

The Company recognized income tax expense of $15.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to a benefit of $0.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024, with the increase primarily due to the effects of higher pre-tax income levels and the non-recurrence of a $13.0 million discrete tax benefit, which was recognized in the prior-year quarter when the Company was notified that certain U.S. federal tax returns, which had been amended in 2023 to claim a worthless stock deduction, had been approved by the relevant tax authorities. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended

24

March 31, 2025 was an expense of 25.3%, compared to a benefit of 1.4% in the prior-year quarter.

Net income

Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 decreased by $5.3 million compared to the prior-year quarter, largely due to the $16.4 million increase in income tax expense, partially offset by the aforementioned increase in income before taxes.

Environmental Solutions

The following table summarizes the Environmental Solutions Group’s operating results as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024: 

	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2025			2024			Change
Net sales	$	387.4		$	354.0		$	33.4
Operating income	59.7			51.7			8.0
Operating data:
Operating margin	15.4		%	14.6		%	0.8		%
Total orders	$	480.1		$	427.7		$	52.4
Backlog	1,033.1			1,037.4			(4.3)
Depreciation and amortization	17.6			14.3			3.3

Total orders for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $52.4 million, or 12%, compared to the prior-year quarter. U.S. orders increased by $64.0 million, primarily due to a $24.0 million increase in orders for road-marking and line-removal equipment, inclusive of the acquisition of a $16.1 million U.S. order backlog from the Hog transaction, as well as increases in orders for aftermarket offerings of $13.8 million, dump truck bodies of $13.6 million, street sweepers of $10.9 million, safe-digging trucks of $10.2 million, and trailers of $2.6 million. Partially offsetting these improvements were reductions in orders for sewer cleaners of $5.5 million, refuse trucks of $4.3 million, and waterblasting equipment of $2.1 million. Non-U.S. orders decreased by $11.6 million, largely due to reductions in orders for refuse trucks of $37.3 million and dump truck bodies of $2.5 million, as well as a $3.5 million unfavorable foreign currency translation impact. Partially offsetting these reductions were improvements in orders for sewer cleaners of $14.0 million, street sweepers of $4.4 million, metal extraction support equipment of $4.2 million, road-marking and line-removal equipment of $4.0 million, inclusive of the acquisition of a $3.4 million non-U.S. order backlog from the Hog transaction, aftermarket offerings of $3.8 million, and waterblasting equipment of $1.7 million.

Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $33.4 million, or 9%, compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily due to higher sales volumes, inclusive of the effects of acquisitions, and pricing actions. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, U.S. sales increased by $27.8 million, largely due to increases in sales of sewer cleaners of $15.0 million, dump truck bodies of $12.0 million, road-marking and line-removal equipment of $6.1 million, and industrial vacuum loaders of $5.7 million. Additionally, aftermarket revenues increased by $11.9 million. Partially offsetting these improvements were reductions in shipments of safe-digging trucks of $11.1 million, trailers of $4.6 million, metal extraction support equipment of $3.7 million, and street sweepers of $2.8 million. Non-U.S. sales increased by $5.6 million, primarily due to increases in shipments of metal extraction support equipment of $3.2 million, safe-digging trucks of $2.7 million, and street sweepers of $2.6 million, partially offset by a $3.0 million unfavorable foreign currency translation impact.

Cost of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $21.1 million, or 8%, compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily related to higher sales volumes and the addition of cost of sales from recent acquisitions. Gross profit margin for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was 25.6%, compared to 24.5% in the prior-year quarter, with the improvement primarily attributable to improved operating leverage from higher sales volumes, benefits from pricing actions, and favorable sales mix.

SEG&A expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $4.0 million, or 13%, compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily due to the addition of SEG&A expenses from recent acquisitions and higher employee-related costs. As a percentage of net sales, SEG&A expenses were 9.0% in the current-year quarter, compared to 8.7% in the prior-year quarter.

Operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $8.0 million, or 15%, compared to the prior-year quarter, largely due to a $12.3 million improvement in gross profit and a $0.4 million reduction in acquisition and integration-related expenses, partially offset by the $4.0 million increase in SEG&A expenses and a $0.7 million increase in amortization expense.

Backlog was $1.03 billion at March 31, 2025, compared to $1.04 billion in the prior-year quarter.

25

Safety and Security Systems

The following table summarizes the Safety and Security Systems Group’s operating results as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024: 

	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2025			2024			Change
Net sales	$	76.4		$	70.9		$	5.5
Operating income	15.8			13.8			2.0
Operating data:
Operating margin	20.7		%	19.5		%	1.2		%
Total orders	$	87.8		$	75.0		$	12.8
Backlog	68.9			62.0			6.9
Depreciation and amortization	1.0			1.0			—

Total orders for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $12.8 million, or 17%, compared to the prior-year quarter. U.S. orders increased by $9.6 million, primarily due to improvements in orders for public safety equipment of $8.3 million and warning systems of $2.8 million, partially offset by a $1.5 million reduction in orders for industrial signaling equipment. Non-U.S. orders increased by $3.2 million, primarily due to a $3.3 million improvement in orders for public safety equipment.

Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $5.5 million, or 8%, compared to the prior-year quarter, inclusive of the effects of higher sales volumes. U.S. sales increased by $2.4 million, driven by increases in sales of public safety equipment of $1.1 million, industrial signaling equipment of $0.7 million, and warning systems of $0.6 million. Non-U.S. sales increased by $3.1 million, primarily due to a $4.7 million improvement in sales of public safety equipment, partially offset by reductions in industrial signaling equipment of $0.9 million and warning systems of $0.5 million.

Cost of sales for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $3.0 million, or 7%, compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily related to higher sales volumes. Gross profit margin for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was 41.6%, compared to 41.3% in the prior-year quarter, with the improvement primarily attributable to favorable sales mix.

SEG&A expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $0.5 million, or 3%, compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily due to increased investment in new product development initiatives and higher sales commissions. As a percentage of net sales, SEG&A expenses were 20.9% in the current-year quarter, compared to 21.9% in the prior-year quarter.

Operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased by $2.0 million, or 14%, compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily due to a $2.5 million improvement in gross profit, partially offset by the $0.5 million increase in SEG&A expenses.

Backlog was $69 million at March 31, 2025, compared to $62 million at March 31, 2024.

Corporate Expenses

Corporate operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were $9.8 million, compared to $11.2 million in the prior-year quarter, with the decrease primarily due to reductions in post-retirement and stock compensation expenses, partially offset by the non-recurrence of a $1.8 million gain associated with an insurance recovery in the prior-year quarter.

Seasonality of Company’s Business

Certain of the Company’s businesses are susceptible to the influences of seasonal factors, including buying patterns, delivery patterns, and productivity influences from holiday periods and weather. In general, the Company tends to have lower equipment sales in the first calendar quarter of each year compared to other quarters as a result of these factors. In addition, rental income and parts sales are generally higher in the second and third quarters of the year, because many of the Company’s products are used for maintenance activities in North America, where usage is typically lower during periods of harsher weather conditions.

26

Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company uses its cash flow from operations to fund growth and to make capital investments that sustain its operations, reduce costs, or both. Beyond these uses, remaining cash is used to pay down debt, repurchase shares, fund dividend payments and make pension contributions. The Company may also choose to invest in the acquisition of businesses, like the acquisition of substantially all the assets and operations of Hog that was completed on February 12, 2025. In the absence of significant unanticipated cash demands, we believe that the Company’s existing cash balances, cash flow from operations, and borrowings available under the Company’s credit facility will provide funds sufficient for these purposes.

As of March 31, 2025, there was $155.5 million of cash drawn on the Revolver, $120.3 million outstanding under the term loan facility, and $10.9 million of undrawn letters of credit under the 2022 Credit Agreement, with $508.6 million of availability for borrowings. The net cash flows associated with the Company’s rental equipment transactions are included in cash flow from operating activities.

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents totaled $57.5 million as of March 31, 2025 and $91.1 million as of December 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2025, $21.5 million of cash and cash equivalents was held by foreign subsidiaries. Cash and cash equivalents held by subsidiaries outside the U.S. typically are held in the currency of the country in which it is located. The Company uses this cash to fund the operating activities of its foreign subsidiaries and for further investment in foreign operations. Generally, the Company has considered such cash to be permanently reinvested in its foreign operations and the Company’s current plans do not demonstrate a need to repatriate such cash to fund U.S. operations. However, in the event that these funds are needed to fund U.S. operations or to satisfy U.S. obligations, they generally could be repatriated. The repatriation of these funds may cause the Company to incur additional tax expense, dependent on income tax laws and other circumstances at the time any such amounts are repatriated.

Net cash of $36.7 million was provided by operating activities in the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $31.3 million in the prior-year period, with the year-over-year increase primarily due to working capital improvements.

Net cash of $87.7 million was used for investing activities in the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $7.6 million in the prior-year period. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company funded $5.6 million of capital expenditures and made an initial payment of $82.1 million to acquire Hog. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company funded $8.4 million of capital expenditures.

Net cash of $16.9 million was provided by financing activities in the three months ended March 31, 2025, whereas in the prior-year period, net cash of $35.3 million was used for financing activities. In the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company increased net borrowings under the Revolver by $64.2 million, paid $11.5 million to acquire a previously-leased manufacturing facility, funded cash dividends of $8.6 million and share repurchases of $18.5 million, and redeemed $8.6 million of stock in order to remit funds to tax authorities to satisfy employees’ tax withholdings following the vesting of stock-based compensation and the exercise of stock options. In the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company paid down $23.5 million of borrowings under the Revolver and $0.8 million under its term loan facility, funded cash dividends of $7.3 million and share repurchases of $0.1 million, and redeemed $4.1 million of stock in order to remit funds to tax authorities to satisfy employees’ tax withholdings following the vesting of stock-based compensation and the exercise of stock options.

The Company is subject to certain net leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio financial covenants under the 2022 Credit Agreement that are measured at each fiscal quarter-end. The Company was in compliance with all such covenants as of March 31, 2025.

The Company anticipates that capital expenditures for 2025 will be in the range of $40 million to $50 million.

The Company believes that its financial resources and major sources of liquidity, including cash flow from operations and borrowing capacity, will be adequate to meet its operating needs, capital needs, and financial commitments.

Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, there have been no material changes in the Company’s contractual obligations and off-balance sheet arrangements as described in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

27

Item 3.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

See Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, there have been no significant changes in our exposure to market risk.

Item 4.     Controls and Procedures.

As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, the Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of March 31, 2025. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2025.

As a matter of practice, the Company’s management continues to review and document internal control and procedures for financial reporting. From time to time, the Company may make changes aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of the controls and ensuring that the systems evolve with the business. SEC guidance permits management to omit an assessment of internal control over financial reporting for an acquired business from management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting for a period not to exceed one year from the date of the acquisition. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of Hog. The Company also completed the acquisition of Standard in the fourth quarter of 2024. As of March 31, 2025, management has not yet fully assessed Hog’s or Standard’s internal controls over financial reporting. Excluding the acquisitions of Hog and Standard, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings.

The information set forth under the heading “Legal Proceedings” in Note 9 – Commitments and Contingencies to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements as included in Part I of this Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes in the Company’s risk factors as described in Item 1A, Risk Factors, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

The following table provides a summary of the Company’s repurchase activity for its common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2025:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (a) (b)
January 2025 (1/1/25 - 2/1/25)	—	$	—	—	$	46,851,480
February 2025 (2/2/25 - 3/1/25)	16,389	81.7613		16,389	45,511,494
March 2025 (3/2/25 - 3/29/25)	234,215	78.2664		234,215	27,180,335

(a)    In March 2020, the Board authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $75 million of the Company’s common stock.

(b)    In April 2025, the Company repurchased an additional 280,893 shares for a total of $20.0 million, which left approximately $7.2 million of authorization remaining under the March 2020 program. On April 22, 2025, the Board authorized an additional stock repurchase program of up to $150 million of the Company’s common stock. The April 2025 program supplements the Board’s prior authorization under the March 2020 program, which remains in effect.

Item 3.    Defaults upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5.    Other Information.

On April 30, 2025, the Company issued a press release announcing its financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The presentation slides for the first quarter 2025 earnings call were also posted on the Company’s website at that time. The full text of the first quarter financial results press release is included at Exhibit 99.1 and the earnings presentation is included at Exhibit 99.2 to this Form 10-Q.

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Item 6.    Exhibits.

3.1	Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed April 30, 2010.
3.2	Second Amended and Restated By-laws of the Company. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed October 24, 2023.
31.1	CEO Certification under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
31.2	CFO Certification under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
32.1	CEO Certification of Periodic Report under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
32.2	CFO Certification of Periodic Report under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
99.1	First Quarter Financial Results Press Release, Dated April 30, 2025.
99.2	First Quarter Earnings Call Presentation Slides.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document).
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

30

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		Federal Signal Corporation
Date:	April 30, 2025	/s/ Ian A. Hudson
		Ian A. Hudson
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CEO Certification under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

I, Jennifer L. Sherman, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Federal Signal Corporation;

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)), for the registrant and have:

(a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April 30, 2025

/s/ Jennifer L. Sherman

Jennifer L. Sherman

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CFO Certification under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act

I, Ian A. Hudson, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Federal Signal Corporation;

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)), for the registrant and have:

(a)    Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)    Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)    Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)    Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)    All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)    Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April 30, 2025

/s/ Ian A. Hudson

Ian A. Hudson

Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

(18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350)

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Federal Signal Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Jennifer L. Sherman, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that:

(1)    The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o (d)); and

(2)    The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: April 30, 2025

/s/ Jennifer L. Sherman

Jennifer L. Sherman

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

This certification accompanies the Report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. This certification shall also not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

(18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350)

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Federal Signal Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Ian A. Hudson, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that:

(1)    The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (15 U.S.C. 78m or 78o (d)); and

(2)    The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: April 30, 2025

/s/ Ian A. Hudson

Ian A. Hudson

Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

This certification accompanies the Report pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not be deemed filed by the Company for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. This certification shall also not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference.

EX-99.1

EXHIBIT 99.1

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Federal Signal Reports First Quarter Results Including 9% Net Sales Growth and Double-Digit Operating Income Improvement, Record Orders and Backlog; Raises Full-Year Outlook

Downers Grove, Illinois, April 30, 2025 — Federal Signal Corporation (NYSE:FSS) (the “Company”), a leader in environmental and safety solutions, today reported financial results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2025.

First Quarter Highlights

•Net sales of $464 million, up $39 million, or 9%, from last year; organic growth of $28 million, or 7%

•Operating income of $65.7 million, up $11.4 million, or 21%, from last year

•GAAP Diluted EPS of $0.75, compared to $0.84last year

•Adjusted EPS of $0.76, up $0.12, or 19%, from last year

•Record orders of $568 million, up $65 million, or 13%, from last year

•Record backlog of $1.10 billion, up $3 million from last year

•Operating cash flow of $37 million, up $5 million, or 17%, from last year

•Raises 2025 adjusted EPS* outlook to a new range of $3.63 to $3.90, from the prior range of $3.60 to $3.90

Consolidated net sales for the first quarter were $464 million, an increase of $39 million, or 9%, compared to the prior-year quarter. Net income for the first quarter was $46.3 million, or $0.75 per diluted share, compared to $51.6 million, or $0.84 per diluted share, in the prior-year quarter.

The Company also reported adjusted net income for the first quarter of $47.0 million, or $0.76 per diluted share, compared to $39.5 million, or $0.64 per diluted share, in the prior-year quarter. The Company is reporting adjusted results to facilitate comparisons of underlying performance on a year-over-year basis. A reconciliation of these and other non-GAAP measures is provided at the conclusion of this news release.

Customer Demand in the First Quarter at Record Levels; Year-over-Year Net Sales Growth and Double-Digit Improvement in Operating Income

“With our teams’ continued focus on operational execution and serving our customers, our businesses were able to deliver 9% year-over-year net sales growth, double-digit operating income improvement, gross margin expansion, and a 170-basis point increase in adjusted EBITDA margin during the first quarter,” commented Jennifer L. Sherman, President and Chief Executive Officer. “Our Environmental Solutions Group delivered 9% year-over-year net sales growth and a 17% increase in adjusted EBITDA. Production increases at several of our businesses, higher sales of our aftermarket offerings, proactive management of price/cost dynamics, and contributions from recent acquisitions were meaningful year-over-year growth drivers. Our Safety and Security Systems Group also delivered impressive results, with 8% top-line growth and an adjusted EBITDA margin of 22%. Demand for our products and aftermarket offerings remains strong, with our order intake this quarter representing the highest quarterly orders in our history, contributing to a record backlog of $1.10 billion at the end of the quarter.”

In the Environmental Solutions Group, net sales for the first quarter were $387 million, up $33 million, or 9%, compared to the prior-year quarter. In the Safety and Security Systems Group, net sales were $76 million, up $6 million, or 8%, compared to the prior-year quarter.

Consolidated operating income for the first quarter was $65.7 million, up $11.4 million, or 21%, compared to the prior-year quarter. Consolidated operating margin for the first quarter was 14.2%, up from 12.8% in the prior-year quarter.

Consolidated adjusted earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (“adjusted EBITDA”) for the first quarter was $85.1 million, up $14.5 million, or 21%, compared to the prior-year quarter, and consolidated adjusted EBITDA margin was 18.3%, up from 16.6% in the prior-year quarter.

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In the Environmental Solutions Group, adjusted EBITDA for the first quarter was $77.5 million, up $11.0 million, or 17%, compared to the prior-year quarter, and its adjusted EBITDA margin was 20.0%, up from 18.8% last year. In the Safety and Security Systems Group, adjusted EBITDA for the first quarter was $16.8 million, up $2.0 million, or 14%, compared to the prior-year quarter, and its adjusted EBITDA margin was 22.0%, up from 20.9% last year.

Consolidated orders for the first quarter were $568 million, the highest quarterly orders in the Company's history, and an increase of $65 million, or 13%, compared to the prior-year quarter. Consolidated backlog at March 31, 2025 was $1.10 billion, another Company record, and an increase of $3 million from last year.

Increased Operating Cash Flow Provides Flexibility to Fund M&A, Organic Growth Opportunities, and Cash Returns to Stockholders

Net cash provided by operating activities during the first quarter was $37 million, an increase of $5 million, or 17%, from the prior-year quarter.

At March 31, 2025, consolidated debt was $277 million, total cash and cash equivalents were $58 million, and the Company had $509 million of availability for borrowings under its credit facility.

During the first quarter, the Company completed the acquisition of substantially all the assets and operations of Hog Technologies, a leading U.S. manufacturer of truck-mounted road-marking, line-removal, and waterblasting equipment, serving infrastructure, municipal, and airport markets.

“Our operating cash flow generation during the quarter was up 17% compared to last year,” said Sherman. “With the increased cash generation and available capacity under our credit facility, we have significant flexibility to invest in organic growth initiatives and pursue additional strategic acquisitions, like Hog Technologies. As demonstrated with our increased dividend and share repurchases during the quarter, we also remain committed to returning cash to stockholders.”

The Company funded dividends of $8.6 million during the first quarter, reflecting an increased dividend of $0.14 per share, and recently announced a similar $0.14 per share dividend that will be payable in the second quarter of 2025.

The Company also repurchased $19.7 million of its stock during the first quarter and, as recently announced, the Company's Board of Directors authorized an additional stock repurchase program of up to $150 million on April 22, 2025.

Outlook

“Demand for our products and our aftermarket offerings remains strong, with both our orders and backlog this quarter setting new Company records,” noted Sherman. “Despite current global macro-economic uncertainty, our record backlog provides us with visibility to the rest of the year, and with our predominantly North American-centric supply base and continued execution against our strategic and operational initiatives, we are raising our full-year adjusted EPS* outlook to a new range of $3.63 to $3.90, from the prior range of $3.60 to $3.90. We are also reaffirming our full-year net sales outlook of between $2.02 billion and $2.10 billion. Our updated outlook assumes that current trade agreements and recently-announced tariff policies remain in place.”

CONFERENCE CALL

Federal Signal will host its first quarter conference call on Wednesday, April 30, 2025 at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time. The call will last approximately one hour. The call may be accessed over the internet through Federal Signal’s website at www.federalsignal.com or by dialing phone number 1-877-704-4453 and entering the pin number 13753307. A replay will be available on Federal Signal’s website shortly after the call.

About Federal Signal

Federal Signal Corporation (NYSE: FSS) builds and delivers equipment of unmatched quality that moves material, cleans infrastructure, and protects the communities where we work and live. Founded in 1901, Federal Signal is a leading global designer, manufacturer and supplier of products and total solutions that serve municipal, governmental, industrial, and commercial customers. Headquartered in Downers Grove, Ill., with manufacturing facilities worldwide, the Company operates two groups: Environmental Solutions and Safety and Security Systems. For more information on Federal Signal, visit: www.federalsignal.com.

“Safe Harbor” Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

This release contains unaudited financial information and various forward-looking statements as of the date hereof and we undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements regardless of new developments or otherwise. Statements in this release that are not historical are forward-looking statements. Forward looking statements should not be relied upon as a predictor of actual results. Such statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to vary materially from those stated. Such risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to: economic and political uncertainty,

2

risks and adverse economic effects associated with geopolitical conflicts including tariffs and other trade conflicts, legal and regulatory developments, foreign currency exchange rate changes, inflationary pressures, product and price competition, supply chain disruptions, availability and pricing of raw materials, interest rate changes, risks associated with acquisitions such as integration of operations and achieving anticipated revenue and cost benefits, work stoppages, increases in pension funding requirements, cybersecurity risks, increased legal expenses and litigation results and other risks and uncertainties described in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Contact: Ian Hudson, Chief Financial Officer, +1-630-954-2000, ihudson@federalsignal.com

* Adjusted earnings per share (“EPS”) is a non-GAAP measure, which includes certain adjustments to reported GAAP net income and diluted EPS. In the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we made adjustments to exclude the impact of acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, purchase accounting effects, and certain special income tax items, where applicable. In prior years, we have also made adjustments to exclude the impact of environmental remediation costs of a discontinued operation, pension-related charges, and certain other unusual or non-recurring items. Should any similar items occur in the remainder of 2025, we would expect to exclude them from the determination of adjusted EPS. However, because of the underlying uncertainty in quantifying amounts which may not yet be known, a reconciliation of our Adjusted EPS outlook to the most applicable GAAP measure is excluded based on the unreasonable efforts exception in Item 10(e)(1)(i)(B).

3

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions, except per share data)	2025			2024
Net sales	$	463.8		$	424.9
Cost of sales	333.0			308.9
Gross profit	130.8			116.0
Selling, engineering, general and administrative expenses	60.2			57.2
Amortization expense	4.3			3.6
Acquisition and integration-related expenses, net	0.6			0.9
Operating income	65.7			54.3
Interest expense, net	3.0			3.2
Other expense, net	0.7			0.2
Income before income taxes	62.0			50.9
Income tax expense (benefit)	15.7			(0.7)
Net income	$	46.3		$	51.6
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.76		$	0.85
Diluted	$	0.75		$	0.84
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	61.1			60.9
Diluted	61.8			61.6
Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.14		$	0.12
Operating data:
Operating margin	14.2		%	12.8		%
Adjusted EBITDA	$	85.1		$	70.6
Adjusted EBITDA margin	18.3		%	16.6		%
Total orders	$	567.9		$	502.7
Backlog	1,102.0			1,099.4
Depreciation and amortization	18.7			15.4

4

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
(in millions, except per share data)	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	57.5	$	91.1
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $2.9 and $2.6, respectively	223.2		196.4
Inventories	362.0		331.0
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	22.1		24.0
Total current assets	664.8		642.5
Properties and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $193.8 and $187.4, respectively	235.8		218.9
Rental equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $55.6 and $53.3, respectively	185.3		173.2
Operating lease right-of-use assets	27.3		27.8
Goodwill	514.0		477.7
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $89.9 and $85.6, respectively	226.0		199.7
Deferred tax assets	9.9		9.4
Other long-term assets	16.3		16.0
Total assets	$	1,879.4	$	1,765.2
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations	$	10.1	$	19.4
Accounts payable	103.8		79.0
Customer deposits	48.9		35.0
Accrued liabilities:
Compensation and withholding taxes	28.8		45.6
Current operating lease liabilities	6.9		6.8
Other current liabilities	79.9		56.0
Total current liabilities	278.4		241.8
Long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations	266.9		204.4
Long-term operating lease liabilities	21.3		21.8
Long-term pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities	40.1		41.7
Deferred tax liabilities	58.8		58.0
Other long-term liabilities	11.5		11.4
Total liabilities	677.0		579.1
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $1 par value per share, 90.0 shares authorized, 70.6 and 70.3 shares issued, respectively	70.6		70.3
Capital in excess of par value	312.2		309.8
Retained earnings	1,140.5		1,102.8
Treasury stock, at cost, 9.5 and 9.2 shares, respectively	(236.2)		(207.8)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(84.7)		(89.0)
Total stockholders’ equity	1,202.4		1,186.1
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,879.4	$	1,765.2

5

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024
Operating activities:
Net income	$	46.3	$	51.6
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	18.7		15.4
Stock-based compensation expense	2.4		4.4
Amortization of interest rate swap settlement gain	—		(0.6)
Deferred income taxes	0.7		0.8
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	(31.4)		(40.3)
Net cash provided by operating activities	36.7		31.3
Investing activities:
Purchases of properties and equipment	(5.6)		(8.4)
Payments for acquisition-related activity, net of cash acquired	(82.1)		—
Other, net	—		0.8
Net cash used for investing activities	(87.7)		(7.6)
Financing activities:
Increase (decrease) in revolving lines of credit, net	64.2		(23.5)
Payments on long-term borrowings	—		(0.8)
Purchases of treasury stock	(18.5)		(0.1)
Redemptions of common stock to satisfy withholding taxes related to stock-based compensation	(8.6)		(4.1)
Cash dividends paid to stockholders	(8.6)		(7.3)
Proceeds from stock-based compensation activity	—		0.8
Other, net	(11.6)		(0.3)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	16.9		(35.3)
Effects of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	0.5		(0.5)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(33.6)		(12.1)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	91.1		61.0
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	57.5	$	48.9

6

FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

GROUP RESULTS (Unaudited)

The following tables summarize group operating results as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

Environmental Solutions Group

	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2025			2024			Change
Net sales	$	387.4		$	354.0		$	33.4
Operating income	59.7			51.7			8.0
Adjusted EBITDA	77.5			66.5			11.0
Operating data:
Operating margin	15.4		%	14.6		%	0.8		%
Adjusted EBITDA margin	20.0		%	18.8		%	1.2		%
Total orders	$	480.1		$	427.7		$	52.4
Backlog	1,033.1			1,037.4			(4.3)
Depreciation and amortization	17.6			14.3			3.3

Safety and Security Systems Group

	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2025			2024			Change
Net sales	$	76.4		$	70.9		$	5.5
Operating income	15.8			13.8			2.0
Adjusted EBITDA	16.8			14.8			2.0
Operating data:
Operating margin	20.7		%	19.5		%	1.2		%
Adjusted EBITDA margin	22.0		%	20.9		%	1.1		%
Total orders	$	87.8		$	75.0		$	12.8
Backlog	68.9			62.0			6.9
Depreciation and amortization	1.0			1.0			—

Corporate Expenses

Corporate operating expenses were $9.8 million and $11.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

7

SEC REGULATION G NON-GAAP RECONCILIATION

The financial measures presented below are unaudited and are not in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The non-GAAP financial information presented herein should be considered supplemental to, and not a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. The Company has provided this supplemental information to investors, analysts, and other interested parties to enable them to perform additional analyses of operating results, to illustrate the results of operations giving effect to the non-GAAP adjustments shown in the reconciliations below, and to provide an additional measure of performance which management considers in operating the business.

Adjusted Net Income and Earnings Per Share (“EPS”):

The Company believes that modifying its 2025 and 2024 net income and diluted EPS provides additional measures to assist it in

comparing its performance on a consistent basis for purposes of business decision making by removing the impact of certain

items that management believes are not representative of its underlying performance and to improve the comparability of results

across reporting periods. Adjusted net income and Adjusted EPS are both non-GAAP measures. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 adjustments were made to reported GAAP net income and diluted EPS to exclude the impact of acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, purchase accounting effects, and certain special income tax items, where applicable.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024
Net income, as reported	$	46.3	$	51.6
Add (less):
Income tax expense (benefit)	15.7		(0.7)
Income before income taxes	62.0		50.9
Add:
Acquisition and integration-related expenses, net	0.6		0.9
Purchase accounting effects (a)	0.3		—
Adjusted income before income taxes	62.9		51.8
Adjusted income tax expense (b) (c)	(15.9)		(12.3)
Adjusted net income	$	47.0	$	39.5
	Three Months Ended March 31,
(dollars per diluted share)	2025		2024
EPS, as reported	$	0.75	$	0.84
Add (less):
Income tax expense (benefit)	0.25		(0.01)
Income before income taxes	1.00		0.83
Add:
Acquisition and integration-related expenses, net	0.01		0.01
Purchase accounting effects (a)	0.01		—
Adjusted income before income taxes	1.02		0.84
Adjusted income tax expense (b) (c)	(0.26)		(0.20)
Adjusted EPS	$	0.76	$	0.64

(a)    Purchase accounting effects in the three months ended March 31, 2025 relate to adjustments to exclude the step-up in the valuation of inventory acquired in connection with acquisitions that was sold subsequent to the acquisition date and the depreciation of the step-up in the valuation of rental equipment acquired in the Standard Equipment Company transaction, where applicable. Such costs are included as a component of Cost of sales on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

(b)     Adjusted income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was recomputed after excluding the tax impacts of acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, and purchase accounting effects.

(c)    Adjusted income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was recomputed after excluding the tax impacts of acquisition and integration-related expenses, net. Adjusted income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 also excludes a $13.0 million discrete tax benefit recognized in connection with the amendment of certain federal tax returns to claim a worthless stock deduction.

8

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin:

The Company uses adjusted EBITDA and the ratio of adjusted EBITDA to net sales (“adjusted EBITDA margin”), at both the consolidated and segment level, as additional measures to assist in comparing its performance on a consistent basis for purposes of business decision making by removing the impact of certain items that management believes are not representative of its underlying performance and to improve the comparability of results across reporting periods. We believe that investors use versions of these metrics in a similar manner. For these reasons, the Company believes that adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin, at both the consolidated and segment level, are meaningful metrics to investors in evaluating the Company’s underlying financial performance.

Consolidated adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure that represents the total of net income, interest expense, net, acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, purchase accounting effects, other expense, net, income tax expense (benefit), and depreciation and amortization expense, as applicable. Consolidated adjusted EBITDA margin is a non-GAAP measure that represents the total of net income, interest expense, net, acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, purchase accounting effects, other expense, net, income tax expense (benefit), and depreciation and amortization expense, as applicable, divided by net sales for the applicable period(s).

Segment adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure that represents the total of segment operating income, acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, purchase accounting effects, and depreciation and amortization expense, as applicable. Segment adjusted EBITDA margin is a non-GAAP measure that represents the total of segment operating income, acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, purchase accounting effects, and depreciation and amortization expense, as applicable, divided by segment net sales for the applicable period(s). Segment operating income includes all revenues, costs, and expenses directly related to the segment involved. In determining segment operating income, neither corporate nor interest expenses are included. Segment depreciation and amortization expense relates to those assets, both tangible and intangible, that are utilized by the respective segment.

Other companies may use different methods to calculate adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin.

Consolidated

The following table summarizes the Company’s consolidated adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin and reconciles net income to consolidated adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2025			2024
Net income	$	46.3		$	51.6
Add:
Interest expense, net	3.0			3.2
Acquisition and integration-related expenses, net	0.6			0.9
Purchase accounting effects *	0.1			—
Other expense, net	0.7			0.2
Income tax expense (benefit)	15.7			(0.7)
Depreciation and amortization	18.7			15.4
Consolidated adjusted EBITDA	$	85.1		$	70.6
Net sales	$	463.8		$	424.9
Consolidated adjusted EBITDA margin	18.3		%	16.6		%

* Excludes purchase accounting expense effects included within depreciation and amortization of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

9

Environmental Solutions Group

The following table summarizes the Environmental Solutions Group’s adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin and reconciles operating income to adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2025			2024
Operating income	$	59.7		$	51.7
Add:
Acquisition and integration-related expenses, net	0.1			0.5
Purchase accounting effects *	0.1			—
Depreciation and amortization	17.6			14.3
Adjusted EBITDA	$	77.5		$	66.5
Net sales	$	387.4		$	354.0
Adjusted EBITDA margin	20.0		%	18.8		%

* Excludes purchase accounting expense effects included within depreciation and amortization of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Safety and Security Systems Group

The following table summarizes the Safety and Security Systems Group’s adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin and reconciles operating income to adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2025			2024
Operating income	$	15.8		$	13.8
Add:
Depreciation and amortization	1.0			1.0
Adjusted EBITDA	$	16.8		$	14.8
Net sales	$	76.4		$	70.9
Adjusted EBITDA margin	22.0		%	20.9		%

10

EX-99.2

Federal Signal Q1 2025 Earnings Call April 30, 2025 Jennifer Sherman, President & Chief Executive Officer Ian Hudson, SVP, Chief Financial Officer Felix Boeschen, VP, Corporate Strategy & Investor Relations

Safe Harbor This presentation contains unaudited financial information and various forward-looking statements as of the date hereof and we undertake no obligation to update these forward- looking statements regardless of new developments or otherwise. Statements in this presentation that are not historical are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as a predictor of actual results. Such statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to vary materially from those stated. Such risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to: economic and political uncertainty, risks and adverse economic effects associated with geopolitical conflicts including tariffs and other trade conflicts, legal and regulatory developments, foreign currency exchange rate changes, inflationary pressures, product and price competition, supply chain disruptions, availability and pricing of raw materials, interest rate changes, risks associated with acquisitions such as integration of operations and achieving anticipated revenue and cost benefits, work stoppages, increases in pension funding requirements, cybersecurity risks, increased legal expenses and litigation results, and other risks and uncertainties described in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This presentation also contains references to certain non-GAAP financial information. Such items are reconciled herein, in our earnings news release provided as of the date of this presentation or in other investor materials filed with the SEC. 2

Q1 Highlights ** 3 • Net sales of $464 M, up $39 M, or 9% • Organic growth of $28 M, or 7% • Operating income of $65.7 M, up $11.4 M, or 21% • Adjusted EBITDA* of $85.1 M, up $14.5 M, or 21% • Adjusted EBITDA margin* of 18.3%, vs. 16.6% • GAAP Diluted EPS of $0.75, down $0.09, or 11% • $13 M discrete tax benefit was recognized in Q1 2024 in connection with favorable resolution of IRS audit of amended tax returns for 2015-2018 (benefit excluded in determining Q1 2024 Adjusted EPS*) • Adjusted EPS* of $0.76, up $0.12, or 19% • Record orders of $568 M, up $65 M, or 13% • Record backlog of $1.1 B, up $3 M * Non-GAAP financial measure. See appendix for additional information on non- GAAP measures, including reconciliation to GAAP measures ** Comparisons versus Q1 of 2024

4 Group and Corporate Results $ millions, except % Q1 2025 Q1 2024 % Change Orders 480.1 427.7 12% Net sales 387.4 354.0 9% Operating income 59.7 51.7 15% Operating margin 15.4% 14.6% Adjusted EBITDA* 77.5 66.5 17% Adjusted EBITDA margin* 20.0% 18.8% Orders 87.8 75.0 17% Net sales 76.4 70.9 8% Operating income 15.8 13.8 14% Operating margin 20.7% 19.5% Adjusted EBITDA* 16.8 14.8 14% Adjusted EBITDA margin* 22.0% 20.9% Corporate expenses 9.8 11.2 -13% Consolidated Orders 567.9 502.7 13% Net sales 463.8 424.9 9% Operating income 65.7 54.3 21% Operating margin 14.2% 12.8% Adjusted EBITDA* 85.1 70.6 21% Adjusted EBITDA margin* 18.3% 16.6% Environmental Solutions Group Safety and Security Systems Group * Non-GAAP financial measure. See appendix for additional information on non- GAAP measures, including reconciliation to GAAP measures

Consolidated Statement of Operations 5 $ millions, except % and per share Q1 2025 Q1 2024 $ Change % Change Net sales 463.8$ 424.9$ 38.9$ 9% Cost of sales 333.0 308.9 24.1 8% Gross profit 130.8 116.0 14.8 13% SEG&A expenses 60.2 57.2 3.0 5% Amortization expense 4.3 3.6 0.7 19% Acquisition and integration-related expenses, net 0.6 0.9 (0.3) -33% Operating income 65.7 54.3 11.4 21% Interest expense, net 3.0 3.2 (0.2) -6% Other expense, net 0.7 0.2 0.5 250% Income tax expense (benefit) 15.7 (0.7) 16.4 -2343% Net income 46.3 51.6 (5.3) -10% Diluted EPS 0.75$ 0.84$ (0.09)$ -11% Adjusted EPS* 0.76$ 0.64$ 0.12$ 19% Gross Margin 28.2% 27.3% SEG&A expenses as a % of net sales 13.0% 13.5% Effective tax rate 25.3% -1.4% * Non-GAAP financial measure. See appendix for additional information on non- GAAP measures, including reconciliation to GAAP measures

6 Adjusted Earnings per Share * * Non-GAAP financial measure. See appendix for additional information on non-GAAP measures. ($ in millions) 2025 2024 Net income, as reported 46.3$ 51.6$ Add (less): Income tax expense (benefit) 15.7 (0.7) Income before income taxes 62.0 50.9 Add: Acquisition and integration-related expenses, net 0.6 0.9 Purchase accounting effects (1) 0.3 - Adjusted income before income taxes 62.9 51.8 Adjusted income tax expense (2) (3) (15.9) (12.3) Adjusted net income 47.0$ 39.5$ Diluted EPS, as reported 0.75$ 0.84$ Adjusted EPS 0.76$ 0.64$ Three Months Ended March 31, (1) Purchase accounting effects in the three months ended March 31, 2025 relate to adjustments to exclude the step-up in the valuation of inventory acquired in connection with acquisitions that was sold subsequent to the acquisition date and the depreciation of the step-up in the valuation of rental equipment acquired in the Standard Equipment Company transaction, where applicable. Such costs are included as a component of Cost of sales on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. (3) Adjusted income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was recomputed after excluding the tax impacts of acquisition and integration-related expenses, net. Adjusted income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 also excludes a $13.0 million discrete tax benefit recognized in connection with the amendment of certain federal tax returns to claim a worthless stock deduction. (2) Adjusted income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was recomputed after excluding the tax impacts of acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, and purchase accounting effects.

7 Financial Strength and Flexibility * * Dollar amounts as of, or for the quarter ending 3/31/2025, unless otherwise noted ** Net debt is a non-GAAP measure and is computed as total debt of $277.0 M, less total cash and cash equivalents of $57.5 M • Cash and cash equivalents of $57.5 M • Net debt of ~$220 M ** • In October 2022, executed a five-year, $800 M revolving credit facility, with opportunity to increase further by the greater of (i) $400 M or (ii) 100% of TTM consolidated EBITDA, subject to lenders approval • ~$509 M of availability under revolving credit facility • Net debt leverage remains low • Compliant with all covenants with significant headroom Strong capital structure • Generated ~$37 M of cash from operations in Q1 2025, up from ~$5 M, or 17%, from Q1 2024 • Completed acquisition of HOG Technologies in February 2025 for initial payment of ~$82 M • Anticipating cap ex of $40 M - $50 M in 2025 • Paid $8.6 M for dividends, reflecting increased dividend of $0.14 per share; recently declared similar $0.14 per share dividend for Q2 2025 • During Q1, repurchased ~251k shares for ~$19.7 M (average price of $78.51); ~$27 M remained under authorized repurchase program at the end of Q1 • Additional ~$20 M of share repurchases so far in April 2025 (Q2 activity) • Board recently approved additional $150 M share repurchase program (~3.5% of current market capitalization) Healthy cash flow and access to cash facilitate organic growth investment, M&A and cash returns to stockholders

CEO Remarks – Q1 Performance 8 • Outstanding execution by both groups contributed to a record- setting Q1 across net sales, adjusted EPS, orders, and backlog • Environmental Solutions Group highlights:  YoY net sales growth of 9%; 17% increase in adjusted EBITDA  Aftermarket revenues up 11% YoY, equating to ~26% of ESG sales  Double-digit organic growth in net sales of road-marking equipment and dump truck bodies  Recent acquisitions contributed to YoY net sales growth with Standard Equipment contributing ~$6 M of incremental net sales, and Hog adding ~$5 M of net sales in ~6 weeks • Safety and Security Group highlights:  YoY net sales growth of 8% YoY, driven by higher sales of public safety equipment  110-basis point YoY increase in adjusted EBITDA margin • Generated $37 M of cash from operations, up 17% YoY  Continue to target 100% cash conversion* on annual basis * Computed as net cash provided by operating activities divided by net income.

CEO Remarks – Market Conditions 9 • Demand for our products remains strong, as evidenced by record Q1 orders of $568 M, up 13% YoY  Q1 orders include acquisition of Hog’s backlog (~$21 M)  Q1 orders, excluding Hog’s acquired backlog, up 9% YoY • Q1 backlog at ~$1.10 B, up <1% YoY, and up ~11% vs. Q4; provides visibility to rest of 2025 and into 2026 for certain key product lines • Publicly funded orders increased high single-digits YoY  Led by strength in public safety equipment and domestic street sweepers • Industrial orders increased double-digits YoY  Led by strength in dump truck bodies, safe-digging trucks, and road- marking equipment • 75%+ of YoY growth in net sales of dump truck bodies derived from conquest customers • Record quarterly SSG order intake of $88 M in Q1 (+17% YoY); record backlog of $69 M

CEO Remarks – Internal Initiatives 10 Tariff Impacts and Mitigation Actions • Supply chains are localized to the regions and countries that we serve  Largely manufacture in country for country • 95%+ of our direct supplies are sourced from North America, primarily U.S. • Components directly sourced from China represent <1% of cost of sales • SSG business began insourcing componentry from Asia several years ago; including multi million-dollar investment in 3 printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing lines • Currently evaluating the acceleration of several other insourcing opportunities within SSG • Plan to mitigate indirect exposure from tariffs via a combination of supply chain optimization and proactive price/cost management • Flexible N.A. manufacturing footprint provides optionality should tariffs change • Have not seen material changes in customer behavior to date due to tariffs New Product Development • Harnessing the power of our platform to drive competitive advantages across new product development; accelerating those efforts • Two major NPD initiatives creating meaningful market share opportunities within ESG and SSG Dealer Optimization Strategy • Completed exclusive dealer territory re-assignments in Q1 across several states • Selected 5 third-party dealers that have a combined ~250 years experience representing Federal Signal equipment in municipal end-markets (sewer cleaners, street sweepers, multi-purpose maintenance vehicles) Elgin RegenX Air Sweeper Pathfinder® Perimeter Breach Warning System SSG UP: PCB Manufacturing Lines

Raising 2025 Financial Outlook 11 • Raising Full-Year Adjusted EPS1 Outlook to a new range of $3.63 to $3.90 • Increased from the prior range of $3.60 to $3.90 • At the midpoint, new range would represent another year of double-digit growth, and the highest EPS level in our history • Full-year net sales of $2.02 B to $2.10 B • Would represent YoY growth of 9% - 13% • Double-digit improvement in pre-tax earnings • Capital expenditures of $40 M to $50 M Assumptions • Interest expense of ~$13 M - $14 M, without additional M&A • Other expense up ~$1.5 M YoY, due to higher non-operating pension costs • Effective tax rate of 25% - 26%, excluding discrete items • ~62 M weighted average shares outstanding • Depreciation and amortization expense of ~$74 M - $77 M • Assumes current trade agreements and recently-announced tariff policies remain in place 1. Adjusted earnings per share (“EPS”) is a non-GAAP measure, which includes certain adjustments to reported GAAP net income and diluted EPS. In the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we made adjustments to exclude the impact of acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, purchase accounting effects, and certain special income tax items, where applicable. In prior years, we have also made adjustments to exclude the impact of environmental remediation costs of a discontinued operation, pension-related charges, and certain other unusual or non- recurring items. Should any similar items occur in the remainder of 2025, we would expect to exclude them from the determination of adjusted EPS. However, because of the underlying uncertainty in quantifying amounts which may not yet be known, a reconciliation of our Adjusted EPS outlook to the most applicable GAAP measure is excluded based on the unreasonable efforts exception in Item 10(e)(1)(i)(B).

Federal Signal Q1 2025 Earnings Call 12 Q&A April 30, 2025 Jennifer Sherman, President & Chief Executive Officer Ian Hudson, SVP, Chief Financial Officer Felix Boeschen, VP, Corporate Strategy & Investor Relations

Investor Information Stock Ticker - NYSE:FSS Company website: federalsignal.com/investors HEADQUARTERS 1333 Butterfield Road, Suite 500 Downers Grove, IL 60515 INVESTOR RELATIONS CONTACTS 630-954-2000 Felix Boeschen VP, Corporate Strategy and Investor Relations fboeschen@federalsignal.com 13

Federal Signal Q1 2025 Earnings Call 14 Appendix

Non-GAAP Measures 15 • Adjusted net income and earnings per share (“EPS”) - The Company believes that modifying its 2025 and 2024 net income and diluted EPS provides additional measures to assist it in comparing its performance on a consistent basis for purposes of business decision making by removing the impact of certain items that management believes are not representative of its underlying performance and to improve the comparability of results across reporting periods. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 adjustments were made to reported GAAP net income and diluted EPS to exclude the impact of acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, purchase accounting effects, and certain special income tax items, where applicable. • Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin - The Company uses adjusted EBITDA and the ratio of adjusted EBITDA to net sales (“adjusted EBITDA margin”), at both the consolidated and segment level, as additional measures to assist in comparing its performance on a consistent basis for purposes of business decision making by removing the impact of certain items that management believes are not representative of its underlying performance and to improve the comparability of results across reporting periods. We believe that investors use versions of these metrics in a similar manner. For these reasons, the Company believes that adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin, at both the consolidated and segment level, are meaningful metrics to investors in evaluating the Company’s underlying financial performance. • Consolidated adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure that represents the total of net income, interest expense, net, acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, purchase accounting effects, other expense, net, income tax expense (benefit), and depreciation and amortization expense, as applicable. Consolidated adjusted EBITDA margin is a non-GAAP measure that represents the total of net income, interest expense, net, acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, purchase accounting effects, other expense, net, income tax expense (benefit), and depreciation and amortization expense, as applicable, divided by net sales for the applicable period(s). • Segment adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure that represents the total of segment operating income, acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, purchase accounting effects, and depreciation and amortization expense, as applicable. Segment adjusted EBITDA margin is a non-GAAP measure that represents the total of segment operating income, acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, purchase accounting effects, and depreciation and amortization expense, as applicable, divided by segment net sales for the applicable period(s). Segment operating income includes all revenues, costs and expenses directly related to the segment involved. In determining segment operating income, neither corporate nor interest expenses are included. Segment depreciation and amortization expense relates to those assets, both tangible and intangible, that are utilized by the respective segment. Other companies may use different methods to calculate adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin.

Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA 16 $ millions, except % Q1 2025 Q1 2024 Net income 46.3$ 51.6$ Add: Interest expense, net 3.0 3.2 Acquisition and integration-related expenses, net 0.6 0.9 Purchase accounting effects * 0.1 - Other expense, net 0.7 0.2 Income tax expense (benefit) 15.7 (0.7) Depreciation and amortization 18.7 15.4 Consolidated adjusted EBITDA 85.1$ 70.6$ Net Sales 463.8$ 424.9$ Consolidated adjusted EBITDA margin 18.3% 16.6% * Excludes purchase accounting expense effects included within depreciation and amortization of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025

Segment Adjusted EBITDA 17 ESG $ millions, except % Q1 2025 Q1 2024 Operating Income 59.7$ 51.7$ Add: Acquisition and integration-related expenses 0.1 0.5 Purchase accounting effects * 0.1 - Depreciation and amortization 17.6 14.3 Adjusted EBITDA 77.5$ 66.5$ Net Sales 387.4$ 354.0$ Adjusted EBITDA margin 20.0% 18.8% SSG $ millions, except % Q1 2025 Q1 2024 Operating Income 15.8$ 13.8$ Add: Depreciation and amortization 1.0 1.0 Adjusted EBITDA 16.8$ 14.8$ Net Sales 76.4$ 70.9$ Adjusted EBITDA margin 22.0% 20.9% * Excludes purchase accounting expense effects included within depreciation and amortization of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025

XML

Document and Entity Information	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025 shares
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2025
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-6003
Entity Registrant Name	FEDERAL SIGNAL CORPORATION
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Name	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	36-1063330
Entity Address, Address Line One	1333 Butterfield Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Downers Grove
Entity Address, State or Province	IL
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	60515
City Area Code	630
Local Phone Number	954-2000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share
Trading Symbol	FSS
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	60,968,839
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Central Index Key	0000277509
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2025
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenues	$ 463.8	$ 424.9
Cost of sales	333.0	308.9
Gross profit	130.8	116.0
Selling, engineering, general and administrative expenses	60.2	57.2
Amortization expense	4.3	3.6
Acquisition and integration-related expenses, net	0.6	0.9
Operating income	65.7	54.3
Interest expense, net	3.0	3.2
Other expense, net	0.7	0.2
Income before income taxes	62.0	50.9
Income tax expense (benefit)	15.7	(0.7)
Net income	$ 46.3	$ 51.6
Basic earnings per share:
Earnings per share (usd per share)	$ 0.76	$ 0.85
Diluted earnings per share:
Earnings per share (usd per share)	$ 0.75	$ 0.84
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic (shares)	61.1	60.9
Diluted (shares)	61.8	61.6

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 46.3	$ 51.6
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment	4.0	(3.9)
Change in unrecognized net actuarial loss and prior service cost related to pension benefit plans, net of income tax expense of $0.1 and $0.2, respectively	0.2	0.6
Change in unrealized gain or loss on interest rate swaps, net of income tax expense of $0.0 and $0.2, respectively	0.1	0.5
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	4.3	(2.8)
Comprehensive income	$ 50.6	$ 48.8

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Tax expense on change in unrecognized net actuarial losses and prior service cost related to pension benefit plans	$ 0.1	$ 0.2
Tax expense on unrealized net gain on derivatives	$ (0.0)	$ 0.2

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 57.5	$ 91.1
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $2.9 and $2.6, respectively	223.2	196.4
Inventories	362.0	331.0
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	22.1	24.0
Total current assets	664.8	642.5
Properties and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $193.8 and $187.4, respectively	235.8	218.9
Rental equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $55.6 and $53.3, respectively	185.3	173.2
Operating lease right-of-use assets	27.3	27.8
Goodwill	514.0	477.7
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $89.9 and $85.6, respectively	226.0	199.7
Deferred tax assets	9.9	9.4
Other long-term assets	16.3	16.0
Total assets	1,879.4	1,765.2
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations	10.1	19.4
Accounts payable	103.8	79.0
Customer deposits	48.9	35.0
Accrued liabilities:
Compensation and withholding taxes	28.8	45.6
Current operating lease liabilities	6.9	6.8
Other current liabilities	79.9	56.0
Total current liabilities	278.4	241.8
Long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations	266.9	204.4
Long-term operating lease liabilities	21.3	21.8
Long-term pension and other postretirement benefit liabilities	40.1	41.7
Deferred tax liabilities	58.8	58.0
Other long-term liabilities	11.5	11.4
Total liabilities	677.0	579.1
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $1 par value per share, 90.0 shares authorized, 70.6 and 70.3 shares issued, respectively	70.6	70.3
Capital in excess of par value	312.2	309.8
Retained earnings	1,140.5	1,102.8
Treasury stock, at cost, 9.5 and 9.2 shares, respectively	(236.2)	(207.8)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(84.7)	(89.0)
Total stockholders’ equity	1,202.4	1,186.1
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 1,879.4	$ 1,765.2

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 2.9	$ 2.6
Properties and equipment, accumulated depreciation	193.8	187.4
Rental Equipment, Accumulated Depreciation	55.6	53.3
Intangible assets, accumulated amortization	$ 89.9	$ 85.6
Common stock, par value (usd per share)	$ 1
Common stock, shares authorized	90.0
Common stock, shares issued	70.6	70.3
Treasury stock, shares	9.5	9.2

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024
Operating activities:
Net income	$ 46.3	$ 51.6
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	18.7	15.4
Stock-based compensation expense	2.4	4.4
Amortization of interest rate swap settlement gain	0.0	(0.6)
Deferred income taxes	0.7	0.8
Changes in operating assets and liabilities	(31.4)	(40.3)
Net cash provided by operating activities	36.7	31.3
Investing activities:
Purchases of properties and equipment	(5.6)	(8.4)
Payments for acquisition-related activity, net of cash acquired	(82.1)	0.0
Other, net	0.0	0.8
Net cash used for investing activities	(87.7)	(7.6)
Financing activities:
Increase (decrease) in revolving lines of credit, net	64.2	(23.5)
Payments on long-term borrowings	0.0	(0.8)
Purchases of treasury stock	(18.5)	(0.1)
Redemptions of common stock to satisfy withholding taxes related to stock-based compensation	(8.6)	(4.1)
Cash dividends paid to stockholders	(8.6)	(7.3)
Proceeds from stock-based compensation activity	0.0	0.8
Other, net	(11.6)	(0.3)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	16.9	(35.3)
Effects of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	0.5	(0.5)
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(33.6)	(12.1)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	91.1	61.0
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 57.5	$ 48.9

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Total	Common Stock	Capital in Excess of Par Value	Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock, Common	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 1,001.9	$ 70.0	$ 291.1	$ 915.8	$ (193.7)	$ (81.3)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	51.6			51.6
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(2.8)					(2.8)
Cash dividends declared	(7.3)			(7.3)
Stock-based payments:
Stock-based compensation	4.4		4.4
Stock option exercises and other	0.3	0.1	1.4		(1.2)
Performance share unit transactions	(3.6)	0.1	(0.1)		(3.6)
Stock repurchase program	(0.1)				(0.1)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2024	1,044.4	70.2	296.8	960.1	(198.6)	(84.1)
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2024	1,186.1	70.3	309.8	1,102.8	(207.8)	(89.0)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	46.3			46.3
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	4.3					4.3
Cash dividends declared	(8.6)			(8.6)
Stock-based payments:
Stock-based compensation	2.4		2.4
Stock option exercises and other	(0.2)	0.1	0.2		(0.5)
Performance share unit transactions	(8.2)	0.2	(0.2)		(8.2)
Stock repurchase program	(19.7)				(19.7)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2025	$ 1,202.4	$ 70.6	$ 312.2	$ 1,140.5	$ (236.2)	$ (84.7)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Cash dividends declared per common share (usd per share)	$ 0.14	$ 0.12

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Organization and Description of the Business

Federal Signal Corporation was founded in 1901 and was reincorporated as a Delaware corporation in 1969. References herein to the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer collectively to Federal Signal Corporation and its subsidiaries.

Products manufactured and services rendered by the Company are divided into two reportable segments: Environmental Solutions Group and Safety and Security Systems Group. The individual operating businesses are organized as such because they share certain characteristics, including technology, marketing, distribution and product application, which create long-term synergies. These segments are discussed in Note 12 – Segment Information.

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements represent the consolidation of Federal Signal Corporation and its subsidiaries included herein and have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States (“U.S.”) Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures presented herein are adequate to ensure the information presented is not misleading. Except as otherwise noted, these condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Company’s accounting policies described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and should be read in conjunction with those consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto.

These condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments that we considered necessary to present a fair statement of our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flow. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The results reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements should not be regarded as necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire year, which may differ materially due to, among other things, the risk factors described under Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on February 26, 2025. While we label our quarterly information using a calendar convention whereby our first, second, and third quarters are labeled as ending on March 31, June 30, and September 30, respectively, it is our longstanding practice to establish interim quarterly closing dates based on a 13-week period ending on a Saturday, with our fiscal year ending on December 31. The effects of this practice are not material and exist only within a reporting year.

Recent Accounting Standard Adoptions

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, including enhanced disclosures regarding significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this ASU effective for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and has included the required interim disclosures for all periods presented in Note 12 - Segment Information.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topics 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which expands the disclosure requirements for income taxes. ASU 2023-09 is effective prospectively for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption and retrospective application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its financial statement disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which requires entities to disclose, on an annual and interim basis, disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items. ASU 2024-03 is effective prospectively for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15,

2027, with early adoption and retrospective adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its financial statement disclosures.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, (ii) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and (iii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

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Acquisitions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Acquisitions

ACQUISITIONS

Acquisition of Waterblasting LLC

On February 12, 2025, the Company completed the acquisition of substantially all the assets and operations of Waterblasting, LLC, owner of Hog Technologies, and Waterblasting Eurasia, s.r.o. (collectively, “Hog”). Hog is a leading U.S. manufacturer of truck-mounted road-marking, line-removal, and waterblasting equipment, serving infrastructure, municipal, and airport markets. The Company expects the acquisition of Hog will strengthen its position as an industry-leading, diversified industrial manufacturer of specialty vehicles by expanding its product offerings, market presence, and aftermarket platform.

The assets and liabilities of Hog have been consolidated into the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025, and the post-acquisition results of operations have been included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, within the Environmental Solutions Group.

The initial cash consideration paid by the Company to acquire Hog was approximately $82.1 million, inclusive of certain preliminary closing adjustments. In addition, there is a contingent earn-out payment of up to $15.0 million that is based on the achievement of certain financial targets during 2025 and an additional payment of $2.0 million that was held back from the initial amount paid at closing pending resolution of certain post-closing adjustments. Any additional closing adjustments are expected to be finalized before the end of 2025.

The acquisition is being accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, Business Combinations. Accordingly, the total purchase price has been allocated on a preliminary basis to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the acquisition based on their estimated fair values as of the completion of the acquisition. A single estimate of fair value results from a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and relies heavily on estimates and assumptions. The Company’s judgments used to determine the estimated fair value assigned to each class of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as asset lives, can materially impact the Company’s results of operations. Due to

the proximity of the date of acquisition to the date of issuance of the condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company’s purchase price allocation as of March 31, 2025 reflects various provisional estimates that were based on the information that was available as of the acquisition date and the filing date of this Form 10-Q. The Company believes that

information provides a reasonable basis for estimating the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed; however, the

determination of those fair values is not yet finalized. Thus, the preliminary measurements of fair value set forth in the table

below are subject to change during the measurement period as valuations are finalized. The Company expects to finalize the

valuation and complete the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable, but not more than one year from the acquisition date.

The following table summarizes the preliminary fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:

(in millions)
Purchase price, inclusive of preliminary closing adjustments (a)	$	84.1
Estimated fair value of additional consideration (b)	7.5
Settlement of pre-existing contractual relationship (c)	0.9
Total consideration	92.5
Accounts receivable	7.2
Inventories	11.1
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2.3
Properties and equipment	17.8
Customer relationships (d)	16.5
Trade names (e)	10.5
Other intangible assets	3.5
Accounts payable	(4.1)
Accrued liabilities	(1.8)
Customer deposits	(5.4)
Net assets acquired	57.6
Goodwill (f)	$	34.9

(a)     The initial purchase price, which is subject to certain post-closing adjustments, including working capital, was funded through existing cash on hand and borrowings under the Company’s credit agreement. The initial purchase price includes $2.0 million that was held back from the initial amount paid at closing pending resolution of certain post-closing adjustments. This hold back amount is included as a component of Other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025.

(b)    Represents the preliminary estimate of fair value assigned to the contingent earn-out payment as of the acquisition date, which is included in Other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025. See Note 13 – Fair Value Measurements for discussion of the methodology used to determine the fair value of the contingent earn-out payment.

(c)    Represents the non-cash settlement of accounts receivable due from Hog to the Company as of the acquisition date. Corresponding amount payable by Hog to the Company is not included in accounts payable assumed in the table above, and the amount was settled at fair value with no impact on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

(d)    Represents the preliminary fair value assigned to customer relationships, which are considered to be definite-lived intangible assets, with a preliminary estimated useful life of approximately 11 years.

(e)    Represents the preliminary fair value assigned to trade names, which are considered to be indefinite-lived intangible assets.

(f)    Goodwill, which is primarily tax-deductible, has been allocated to the Environmental Solutions Group on the basis that the synergies identified will primarily benefit this segment.

Hog’s net sales and operating results for the period between the closing date of February 12, 2025 and the end of the Company’s first fiscal quarter of 2025 were not material.

The acquisition was not, and would not have been, material to the Company’s net sales, results of operations, or total assets during any period presented. Accordingly, the Company’s consolidated results from operations do not differ materially from historical performance as a result of the acquisition, and therefore, unaudited pro-forma results are not presented.

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Revenue Recognition

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

REVENUE RECOGNITION

The following table presents the Company’s Net sales disaggregated by geographic region, based on the location of the end customer, and by major product line:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024
Geographic Region:
U.S.	$	364.5	$	334.3
Canada	61.5		59.3
Europe/Other	37.8		31.3
Total net sales	$	463.8	$	424.9
Major Product Line:
Environmental Solutions
Vehicles and equipment (a)	$	301.6	$	272.3
Parts	60.1		61.0
Rental income (b)	15.0		12.0
Other (c)	10.7		8.7
Total	387.4		354.0
Safety and Security Systems
Public safety and security equipment	50.6		44.9
Industrial signaling equipment	16.6		16.9
Warning systems	9.2		9.1
Total	76.4		70.9
Total net sales	$	463.8	$	424.9

(a)    Includes net sales from the sale of new and used vehicles and equipment, including sales of rental equipment.

(b)    Represents income from vehicle and equipment lease arrangements with customers.

(c)    Primarily includes revenues from services, such as maintenance and repair work, and the sale of extended warranty contracts.

Contract Balances

The Company recognizes contract liabilities when cash payments, such as customer deposits, are received in advance of the Company’s satisfaction of the related performance obligations. Contract liabilities are recognized as Net sales when the related performance obligations are satisfied, which generally occurs within three to six months of the cash receipt. Contract liability balances are not materially impacted by any other factors. The Company’s contract liabilities were $53.3 million as of March 31, 2025 and $38.8 million as of December 31, 2024. Contract assets, such as unbilled receivables, were not material as of any of the periods presented herein.

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Inventories

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

INVENTORIES

The following table summarizes the components of Inventories:

(in millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Finished goods	$	139.3	$	129.4
Raw materials	185.1		171.9
Work in process	37.6		29.7
Total inventories	$	362.0	$	331.0

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Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt Disclosure

DEBT

The following table summarizes the components of Long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations:

(in millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
2022 Credit Agreement (a)	$	275.8	$	210.9
Finance lease obligations	1.2		12.9
Total long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations, including current portion	277.0		223.8
Less: Current maturities	9.4		7.0
Less: Current finance lease obligations	0.7		12.4
Total long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations	$	266.9	$	204.4

(a)     Defined as the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated October 21, 2022, as amended.

As more fully described within Note 13 – Fair Value Measurements, the Company uses a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The fair value of the Company’s long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations is based on interest rates that we believe are currently available to us for issuance of debt with similar terms and remaining maturities (Level 2 input). The carrying amounts of the Company’s long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations approximate their fair values as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The 2022 Credit Agreement is a senior secured credit facility that provides the Company and certain of its foreign subsidiaries access to an aggregate original principal amount of up to $800 million, consisting of (i) a revolving credit facility in an amount up to $675 million (the “Revolver”) and (ii) a term loan facility in an original amount of up to $125 million. The 2022 Credit Agreement matures on October 21, 2027.

On May 16, 2024, the Company entered into the First Amendment to the 2022 Credit Agreement. The amendment was largely administrative in nature, including certain language to address ongoing reference rate reform. There were no changes to the term or the Company’s borrowing capacity under the 2022 Credit Agreement.

Borrowings under the 2022 Credit Agreement bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a base rate or an Adjusted Eurocurrency Rate (as defined in the 2022 Credit Agreement) in the case of borrowings in euros or an adjusted RFR (as defined in the 2022 Credit Agreement) in the case of borrowings in U.S. dollars, Canadian dollars, or British pounds, plus, in each case, an applicable margin. The applicable margin ranges from zero to 0.75% for base rate borrowings and 1.00% to 1.75% for Adjusted Eurocurrency Rate and RFR borrowings. The Company must also pay a commitment fee to the lenders ranging between 0.10% to 0.25% per annum on the unused portion of the Revolver along with other standard fees. Applicable margin, issuance fees, and other customary expenses are payable on outstanding letters of credit.

The Company is subject to certain net leverage ratio and interest coverage ratio financial covenants under the 2022 Credit Agreement that are measured at each fiscal quarter-end. The Company was in compliance with all such covenants as of March 31, 2025.

As of March 31, 2025, there was $155.5 million of cash drawn on the Revolver, $120.3 million outstanding under the term loan facility, and $10.9 million of undrawn letters of credit under the 2022 Credit Agreement, with $508.6 million of net availability for borrowings. As of December 31, 2024, there was $90.6 million of cash drawn on the Revolver, $120.3 million outstanding under the term loan facility, and $10.1 million of undrawn letters of credit under the 2022 Credit Agreement, with $574.3 million of net availability for borrowings.

The following table summarizes the gross borrowings and gross payments under the Company’s revolving credit facilities:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024
Gross borrowings	$	78.0	$	10.0
Gross payments	13.8		33.5

Interest Rate Swaps

On October 21, 2022, the Company entered into an interest rate swap (the “2022 Swap”) with a notional amount of $75.0 million, as a means of fixing the floating interest rate component on $75.0 million of its variable-rate debt. The 2022 Swap is designated as a cash flow hedge, with an original maturity date of October 31, 2025.

On July 11, 2023, the Company entered into an additional interest rate swap (the “2023 Swap”) with a notional amount of $75.0 million, as a means of fixing the floating interest rate component on $75.0 million of its variable-rate debt. The 2023 Swap is designated as a cash flow hedge, with an original maturity date of August 1, 2025.

As a result of the application of hedge accounting treatment, all unrealized gains and losses related to the derivative instruments are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and are reclassified into the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as a component of Interest expense, net in the same period in which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Hedge effectiveness is assessed quarterly. The Company does not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

The fair value of the Company’s interest rate swaps is derived from a discounted cash flow analysis based on the terms of the contract and the interest rate curve (Level 2 inputs) and measured on a recurring basis in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The fair value of the Company’s interest rate swaps was a liability of $0.2 million at March 31, 2025 and $0.3 million at December 31, 2024, which were included in Other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recorded unrealized pre-tax gains of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. No ineffectiveness was recorded in either period.

In connection with entering into the 2022 Credit Agreement in October 2022, the Company terminated an interest rate swap initially entered into in 2019, receiving proceeds of $4.3 million upon settlement. The settlement gain was recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and was amortized into earnings ratably through the original maturity date of July 30, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized a non-cash settlement gain of $0.6 million as a component of Interest expense, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Finance Leases

In the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company provided notice to the lessor of one of its leased U.S. manufacturing facilities of its intent to exercise the $11.5 million purchase option included in the lease agreement. The Company remeasured the corresponding lease liability, adjusted the right-of-use (“ROU”) asset, and reassessed the lease classification, resulting in a change in classification from an operating lease to a finance lease in the fourth quarter of 2024. The purchase was completed on February 10, 2025. As of the purchase date, the related finance lease ROU asset, net, was approximately $11.3 million and the finance lease liability was $11.5 million. The cash outflow of approximately $11.5 million related to the facility purchase is reflected as a component of Other, net within the financing activities on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

The following table summarizes the supplemental noncash investing and financing activities related to this facility purchase:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025
Purchase of properties and equipment through exchange of lease ROU asset	$	11.3
Derecognition of ROU asset	(11.3)

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Goodwill and Other Intangibles Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The following table summarizes the carrying amount of goodwill, and the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill in the three months ended March 31, 2025, by segment:

(in millions)	Environmental Solutions		Safety & Security Systems		Total
Balance at January 1, 2025	$	368.8	$	108.9	$	477.7
Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments	34.9		—		34.9
Translation adjustments	—		1.4		1.4
Balance at March 31, 2025	$	403.7	$	110.3	$	514.0

The following table summarizes the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets for each major class of intangible assets:

	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
(in millions)	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships (a)	$	182.2	$	(84.7)	$	97.5	$	165.7	$	(80.7)	$	85.0
Other (a)	10.7		(5.2)		5.5		7.2		(4.9)		2.3
Total definite-lived intangible assets	192.9		(89.9)		103.0		172.9		(85.6)		87.3
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names	118.7		—		118.7		108.1		—		108.1
Other	4.3		—		4.3		4.3		—		4.3
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets	123.0		—		123.0		112.4		—		112.4
Total intangible assets	$	315.9	$	(89.9)	$	226.0	$	285.3	$	(85.6)	$	199.7

(a)    Average useful life of customer relationships and other definite-lived intangible assets are estimated to be approximately 11 years and 6 years, respectively. The average useful life across all definite-lived intangible assets is estimated to be approximately 11 years.

The table above includes preliminary estimates of the fair value and useful lives of certain definite and indefinite-lived intangible assets related to the acquisitions of Hog, which was acquired during the first quarter of 2025, and Standard Equipment Company (“Standard”), which was acquired during the fourth quarter of 2024. As further described in Note 2 – Acquisitions, the preliminary measurements of fair value included in the table above are subject to change during the measurement period as the applicable third-party valuations are finalized.

Amortization expense was $4.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The Company currently estimates that aggregate amortization expense will be approximately $13.4 million for the remainder of 2025, $17.7 million in 2026, $17.0 million in 2027, $16.4 million in 2028, $11.0 million in 2029, and $27.5 million thereafter. Actual amounts of amortization may differ from estimated amounts due to changes in foreign currency rates, measurement period adjustments for the Hog and Standard acquisitions, impairment of intangible assets, and other events.

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Income Taxes	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	INCOME TAXESThe Company recognized income tax expense of $15.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to a benefit of $0.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024, with the increase primarily due to the effects of higher pre-tax income levels and the non-recurrence of a $13.0 million discrete tax benefit, which was recognized in the prior-year quarter when the Company was notified that certain U.S. federal tax returns, which had been amended in 2023 to claim a worthless stock deduction, had been approved by the relevant tax authorities. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was an expense of 25.3%, compared to a benefit of 1.4% in the prior-year quarter.

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Pensions

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Pensions

PENSIONS

The following table summarizes the components of Net periodic pension expense: 

	U.S. Benefit Plan				Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Interest cost	1.4		1.4		0.4		0.4
Amortization of actuarial loss	0.6		0.5		0.1		0.2
Expected return on plan assets	(1.4)		(1.8)		(0.4)		(0.5)
Net periodic pension expense	$	0.6	$	0.1	$	0.1	$	0.1

The items that comprise Net periodic pension expense are included as a component of Other expense, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Financial Commitments

The Company provides indemnifications and other guarantees in the ordinary course of business, the terms of which range in duration and often are not explicitly defined. Specifically, the Company is occasionally required to provide letters of credit and bid and performance bonds to various customers, principally to act as security for retention levels related to casualty insurance policies and to guarantee the performance of subsidiaries that engage in export and domestic transactions. At March 31, 2025, the Company had outstanding performance and financial standby letters of credit, as well as outstanding bid and performance bonds, aggregating to $28.6 million. If any such letters of credit or bonds are called, the Company would be obligated to reimburse the issuer of the letter of credit or bond. The Company believes the likelihood of any currently outstanding letter of credit or bond being called is remote.

Product Warranties

The Company issues product performance warranties to customers with the sale of its products. The specific terms and conditions of these warranties vary depending upon the product sold and country in which the Company does business, with warranty periods generally ranging from one to five years. The Company estimates the costs that may be incurred under its basic limited warranty and records a liability in the amount of such costs at the time the sale of the related product is recognized. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty liability include (i) the number of units under warranty, (ii) historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims, and (iii) costs per claim. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary.

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s warranty liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

(in millions)	2025		2024
Balance at January 1	$	9.8	$	9.6
Provisions to expense	1.6		2.2
Acquisitions	0.6		—
Payments	(1.6)		(2.0)
Balance at March 31	$	10.4	$	9.8

Legal Proceedings

The Company is subject to various claims, including pending and possible legal actions for product liability and other damages, and other matters arising in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. On a quarterly basis, the Company reviews uninsured material legal claims against the Company and accrues for the costs of such claims as appropriate in the exercise of management’s best judgment and experience. However, due to a lack of factual information available to the Company about a claim, or the procedural stage of a claim, it may not be possible for the Company to reasonably assess

either the probability of a favorable or unfavorable outcome of the claim or to reasonably estimate the amount of loss should there be an unfavorable outcome. Therefore, for many claims, the Company cannot reasonably estimate a range of loss.

The Company believes, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that the outcome of such claims and actions will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition. However, in the event of unexpected future developments, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of such matters, if unfavorable, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition, or cash flow.

Hearing Loss Litigation

Between 1999 and 2017, the Company was sued for monetary damages by multiple firefighters claiming that exposure to the Company’s sirens impaired their hearing and that the sirens were therefore defective. The Company has vigorously defended itself against these claims, obtaining many jury verdicts in its favor and settling some for nominal amounts. In 2018, counsel for the remaining plaintiffs requested that the Company consider settlement, and on November 4, 2019, the parties executed a global settlement agreement pursuant to which the Company would pay $700 to each firefighter who filed a lawsuit and is eligible to be part of the settlement, and $300 to each firefighter who has not yet filed a case and is eligible to be part of the settlement. The settlement agreement requires plaintiffs’ attorneys to withdraw from representing firefighters who elect not to participate in the settlement and does not include the payment of any attorney fees by the Company. To be eligible for settlement, among other things, firefighters must provide proof that they have high frequency noise-induced hearing loss. As of March 31, 2025, the Company has recognized an estimated liability for the potential settlement amount. While it is reasonably possible that the ultimate resolution of this matter may result in a loss in excess of the amount accrued, the incremental loss is not expected to be material.

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Earnings Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share, which requires that non-vested restricted stock containing non-forfeitable dividend rights should be treated as participating securities pursuant to the two-class method. Under the two-class method, net income is reduced by the amount of dividends declared in the period for common stock and participating securities. The remaining undistributed earnings are then allocated to common stock and participating securities as if all of the net income for the period had been distributed. The amounts of distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were insignificant and did not materially impact the calculation of basic or diluted EPS.

Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock and non-vested restricted stock awards outstanding for the period.

Diluted EPS is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock and non-vested restricted stock awards outstanding for the year, plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. The dilutive effect of common stock equivalents is determined using the more dilutive of the two-class method or alternative methods. The Company uses the treasury stock method to determine the potentially dilutive impact of our employee stock options and restricted stock units, and the contingently issuable method for our performance-based restricted stock unit awards.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, options to purchase 0.1 million shares of the Company’s common stock had an

anti-dilutive effect on EPS, and accordingly, were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the number of options to purchase shares of the Company’s stock that had an antidilutive effect on EPS was not significant.

The following table reconciles Net income to basic and diluted EPS:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions, except per share data)	2025		2024
Net income	$	46.3	$	51.6
Weighted average shares outstanding – Basic	61.1		60.9
Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents	0.7		0.7
Weighted average shares outstanding – Diluted	61.8		61.6
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.76	$	0.85
Diluted	0.75		0.84

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Stockholders' Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Dividends

On February 21, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.14 per common share. The dividend totaled $8.6 million and was distributed on March 27, 2025 to stockholders of record at the close of business on March 14, 2025.

On April 22, 2025, the Board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.14 per common share payable on May 30, 2025 to stockholders of record at the close of business on May 16, 2025.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, dividends of $7.3 million were paid to stockholders.

Stock Repurchase Program

In March 2020, the Board authorized a stock repurchase program (the “March 2020 program”) of up to $75 million of the Company’s common stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company repurchased 250,604 shares for a total of $19.7 million under its stock repurchase program, including $1.2 million that settled in the second quarter of 2025. At the end of the first quarter of 2025, the Company had remaining authorization under the March 2020 program of approximately $27.2 million.

In April 2025, the Company repurchased an additional 280,893 shares for a total of $20.0 million, which left approximately $7.2 million of authorization remaining under the March 2020 program. On April 22, 2025, the Board authorized an additional stock repurchase program (the “April 2025 program”) of up to $150 million of the Company’s common stock. The April 2025 program supplements the Board’s prior authorization under the March 2020 program, which remains in effect.

The stock repurchase programs are intended primarily to facilitate purchases of Company stock as a means to provide cash returns to stockholders, enhance stockholder returns, and manage the Company’s capital structure. Under its stock repurchase programs, the Company is authorized to repurchase, from time to time, shares of its outstanding common stock. Stock repurchases by the Company are subject to market conditions and other factors and may be commenced, suspended, or discontinued at any time.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased 1,600 shares for a total of $0.1 million under its stock repurchase program.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following tables summarize the changes in each component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

(in millions)	Actuarial Losses		Prior Service Costs		Foreign Currency Translation		Interest Rate Swaps		Total
Balance at January 1, 2025 (a)	$	(62.5)	$	(1.8)	$	(24.5)	$	(0.2)	$	(89.0)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(0.3)		—		4.0		0.1		3.8
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0.5		—		—		—		0.5
Net current-period other comprehensive income	0.2		—		4.0		0.1		4.3
Balance at March 31, 2025 (a)	$	(62.3)	$	(1.8)	$	(20.5)	$	(0.1)	$	(84.7)

(in millions)	Actuarial Losses		Prior Service Costs		Foreign Currency Translation		Interest Rate Swaps		Total
Balance at January 1, 2024 (a)	$	(69.7)	$	(2.0)	$	(10.1)	$	0.5	$	(81.3)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	0.1		—		(3.9)		1.2		(2.6)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0.5		—		—		(0.7)		(0.2)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	0.6		—		(3.9)		0.5		(2.8)
Balance at March 31, 2024 (a)	$	(69.1)	$	(2.0)	$	(14.0)	$	1.0	$	(84.1)

(a)    Amounts in parentheses indicate losses.

The following table summarizes the amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 and the affected line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss				Affected Line Item in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
	2025		2024
(in millions) (a)
Amortization of actuarial losses of defined benefit pension plans	$	(0.7)	$	(0.7)	Other expense, net
Interest rate swaps	—		0.9		Interest expense, net
Total before tax	(0.7)		0.2
Income tax benefit (expense)	0.2		—		Income tax expense (benefit)
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	$	(0.5)	$	0.2

(a)    Amounts in parentheses indicate losses.

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Segment Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company has two reportable segments. Business units are organized under each reportable segment because they share certain characteristics, such as technology, marketing, distribution, and product application, which are expected to create long-term synergies.

The following tables summarize the Company’s financial performance by reportable segment and include reconciliations of segment operating income to consolidated income before income taxes:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
(in millions of dollars)	Environmental Solutions		Safety and Security Systems		Total
Net sales (a)	$	387.4	$	76.4	$	463.8
Less: Cost of sales	288.4		44.6		333.0
Gross profit	99.0		31.8		130.8
Less:
Selling, engineering, general, and administrative expenses	34.9		16.0		50.9
Other segment items (b)	4.4		—		4.4
Segment operating income	59.7		15.8		75.5
Reconciliation to income before income taxes:
All other (income) loss (c)					9.8
Interest expense, net					3.0
Other expense, net					0.7
Income before income taxes					$	62.0

(a)    Represents net sales from external customers. Intersegment net sales are not significant. Total of segment net sales agrees to Net sales on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

(b)    Other segment items includes amortization expense and acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, within the Environmental Solutions Group.

(c)    Represents general corporate expenses.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(in millions of dollars)	Environmental Solutions		Safety and Security Systems		Total
Net sales (a)	$	354.0	$	70.9	$	424.9
Less: Cost of sales	267.3		41.6		308.9
Gross profit	86.7		29.3		116.0
Less:
Selling, engineering, general, and administrative expenses	30.9		15.5		46.4
Other segment items (b)	4.1		—		4.1
Segment operating income	51.7		13.8		65.5
Reconciliation to income before income taxes:
All other (income) loss (c)					11.2
Interest expense, net					3.2
Other expense, net					0.2
Income before income taxes					$	50.9

(a)    Represents net sales from external customers. Intersegment net sales are not significant. Total of segment net sales agrees to Net sales on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

(b)    Other segment items includes amortization expense and acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, within the Environmental Solutions Group.

(c)    Represents general corporate expenses.

The following table summarizes the Company’s total depreciation and amortization by reportable segment and includes a reconciliation of total segment depreciation and amortization to total depreciation and amortization:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions of dollars)	2025		2024
Depreciation and amortization:
Environmental Solutions (a)	$	17.6	$	14.3
Safety and Security Systems (a)	1.0		1.0
Total segment depreciation and amortization	18.6		15.3
Corporate	0.1		0.1
Total depreciation and amortization	$	18.7	$	15.4

(a)    The amounts of depreciation and amortization disclosed by reportable segment are included within cost of sales; selling, engineering, general, and administrative expenses; and other segment items in the tables above.

The following table summarizes the Company’s total assets by reportable segment and includes a reconciliation of total segment assets to total assets:

(in millions of dollars)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Total assets:
Environmental Solutions	$	1,544.3	$	1,424.7
Safety and Security Systems	283.6		279.5
Total segment assets	1,827.9		1,704.2
Corporate and eliminations	51.5		61.0
Total assets	$	1,879.4	$	1,765.2

The following table summarizes the Company’s total capital expenditures by reportable segment and includes a reconciliation of total segment capital expenditures to total capital expenditures:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions of dollars)	2025		2024
Capital expenditures
Environmental Solutions	$	4.4	$	5.6
Safety and Security Systems	0.8		2.1
Total segment capital expenditures	5.2		7.7
Corporate	0.4		0.7
Total capital expenditures	$	5.6	$	8.4

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Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company uses a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. Observable inputs are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about valuation based on the best information available in the circumstances. The three levels of inputs are classified as follows:

•Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2 — observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and

•Level 3 — unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches within the fair value measurement framework. The valuation methodologies used for the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value and their classification in the valuation hierarchy are summarized below.

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents primarily consist of time-based deposits and interest-bearing instruments with maturities of three months or less. The Company classified cash equivalents as Level 1 due to the short-term nature of these instruments and measured the fair value based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

Interest Rate Swaps

As described in Note 5 – Debt, the Company may, from time to time, execute interest rate swaps as a means of fixing the floating interest rate component on a portion of its floating-rate debt. The Company classifies its interest rate swaps as Level 2 due to the use of a discounted cash flow model based on the terms of the contract and the interest rate curve (Level 2 inputs) to calculate the fair value of the swaps.

Contingent Consideration

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had contingent obligations to transfer up to $6.2 million, C$6.0 million (approximately $4.2 million), $4.8 million, and $15.0 million to the former owners of Blasters, Inc. and Blasters Technologies, LLC (collectively, “Blasters”); Trackless Vehicles Limited, Trackless Vehicles Asset Corp, and the wholly-owned subsidiary Work Equipment Ltd. (collectively, “Trackless”); Standard; and Hog, respectively, if specified financial results are met over future reporting periods (i.e., an earn-out). The Blasters, Trackless, Standard, and Hog acquisitions were completed on January 3, 2023, April 3, 2023, October 4, 2024, and February 12, 2025, respectively. The Blasters contingent earn-out payments, if earned, would be due to be paid annually, in each of the three years following the anniversary of the closing date. There was no contingent earn-out payable for the first annual measurement period. The second annual measurement period ended on January 3, 2025, and the applicable contingent earn-out payment, if any, is expected to be finalized in the second quarter of 2025. The Trackless contingent earn-out payment, if earned, would be due to be paid following the second anniversary of the closing date. The applicable contingent earn-out payment is expected to be finalized before the end of the third quarter of 2025. The Standard contingent earn-out payment, if earned, would be due to be paid following the end of the performance period, which concludes on January 1, 2027. The Hog contingent earn-out payment, if earned, would be due to be paid following the end of the performance period, which concludes on December 31, 2025. The Company also had a contingent obligation to transfer up to $7.5 million to the former owners of Deist Industries, Inc., Bucks Fabricating, LLC, Roll-Off Parts, LLC, and Switch-N-Go LLC (collectively, “Deist”). The earn-out period for Deist ended on December 30, 2024, the third anniversary of the closing date, and the associated earn-out payment, if any, is expected to be finalized in the second quarter of 2025.

Liabilities for contingent consideration are measured at fair value each reporting period, with the acquisition-date fair value included as part of the consideration transferred. Subsequent changes in fair value are included as a component of Acquisition and integration-related expenses, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company uses an income approach to value the contingent consideration liability based on the present value of risk-adjusted future cash flows under either a scenario-based or option-pricing method, as appropriate. Due to the lack of relevant observable market data over fair value inputs, such as prospective financial information or probabilities of future events as of

March 31, 2025, the Company has classified the contingent consideration liability within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy outlined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements.

The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2025:

	Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	23.6	$	—	$	—	$	23.6
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	—		—		12.3		12.3
Interest rate swaps	—		0.2		—		0.2

The following table provides a roll-forward of the fair value of recurring Level 3 fair value measurements in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

(in millions)	2025			2024
Contingent consideration liability, at January 1	$	4.8	`	$	4.9
Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments	7.5			(0.2)
Foreign currency translation	—			(0.1)
Contingent consideration liability, at March 31	$	12.3		$	4.6

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Organization and Description of the Business

Organization and Description of the Business

Federal Signal Corporation was founded in 1901 and was reincorporated as a Delaware corporation in 1969. References herein to the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” refer collectively to Federal Signal Corporation and its subsidiaries.

Products manufactured and services rendered by the Company are divided into two reportable segments: Environmental Solutions Group and Safety and Security Systems Group. The individual operating businesses are organized as such because they share certain characteristics, including technology, marketing, distribution and product application, which create long-term synergies. These segments are discussed in Note 12 – Segment Information.

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements represent the consolidation of Federal Signal Corporation and its subsidiaries included herein and have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States (“U.S.”) Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures presented herein are adequate to ensure the information presented is not misleading. Except as otherwise noted, these condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Company’s accounting policies described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, and should be read in conjunction with those consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto.

These condensed consolidated financial statements include all normal and recurring adjustments that we considered necessary to present a fair statement of our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flow. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The results reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements should not be regarded as necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire year, which may differ materially due to, among other things, the risk factors described under Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on February 26, 2025. While we label our quarterly information using a calendar convention whereby our first, second, and third quarters are labeled as ending on March 31, June 30, and September 30, respectively, it is our longstanding practice to establish interim quarterly closing dates based on a 13-week period ending on a Saturday, with our fiscal year ending on December 31. The effects of this practice are not material and exist only within a reporting year.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Accounting Changes

Recent Accounting Standard Adoptions

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, including enhanced disclosures regarding significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this ASU effective for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, and has included the required interim disclosures for all periods presented in Note 12 - Segment Information.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topics 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which expands the disclosure requirements for income taxes. ASU 2023-09 is effective prospectively for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption and retrospective application permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its financial statement disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which requires entities to disclose, on an annual and interim basis, disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items. ASU 2024-03 is effective prospectively for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15,

2027, with early adoption and retrospective adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on its financial statement disclosures.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, (ii) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and (iii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs. Observable inputs are developed based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about valuation based on the best information available in the circumstances. The three levels of inputs are classified as follows:

•Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•Level 2 — observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and

•Level 3 — unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches within the fair value measurement framework. The valuation methodologies used for the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value and their classification in the valuation hierarchy are summarized below.

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents primarily consist of time-based deposits and interest-bearing instruments with maturities of three months or less. The Company classified cash equivalents as Level 1 due to the short-term nature of these instruments and measured the fair value based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

Interest Rate Swaps

As described in Note 5 – Debt, the Company may, from time to time, execute interest rate swaps as a means of fixing the floating interest rate component on a portion of its floating-rate debt. The Company classifies its interest rate swaps as Level 2 due to the use of a discounted cash flow model based on the terms of the contract and the interest rate curve (Level 2 inputs) to calculate the fair value of the swaps.

Contingent Consideration

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had contingent obligations to transfer up to $6.2 million, C$6.0 million (approximately $4.2 million), $4.8 million, and $15.0 million to the former owners of Blasters, Inc. and Blasters Technologies, LLC (collectively, “Blasters”); Trackless Vehicles Limited, Trackless Vehicles Asset Corp, and the wholly-owned subsidiary Work Equipment Ltd. (collectively, “Trackless”); Standard; and Hog, respectively, if specified financial results are met over future reporting periods (i.e., an earn-out). The Blasters, Trackless, Standard, and Hog acquisitions were completed on January 3, 2023, April 3, 2023, October 4, 2024, and February 12, 2025, respectively. The Blasters contingent earn-out payments, if earned, would be due to be paid annually, in each of the three years following the anniversary of the closing date. There was no contingent earn-out payable for the first annual measurement period. The second annual measurement period ended on January 3, 2025, and the applicable contingent earn-out payment, if any, is expected to be finalized in the second quarter of 2025. The Trackless contingent earn-out payment, if earned, would be due to be paid following the second anniversary of the closing date. The applicable contingent earn-out payment is expected to be finalized before the end of the third quarter of 2025. The Standard contingent earn-out payment, if earned, would be due to be paid following the end of the performance period, which concludes on January 1, 2027. The Hog contingent earn-out payment, if earned, would be due to be paid following the end of the performance period, which concludes on December 31, 2025. The Company also had a contingent obligation to transfer up to $7.5 million to the former owners of Deist Industries, Inc., Bucks Fabricating, LLC, Roll-Off Parts, LLC, and Switch-N-Go LLC (collectively, “Deist”). The earn-out period for Deist ended on December 30, 2024, the third anniversary of the closing date, and the associated earn-out payment, if any, is expected to be finalized in the second quarter of 2025.

Liabilities for contingent consideration are measured at fair value each reporting period, with the acquisition-date fair value included as part of the consideration transferred. Subsequent changes in fair value are included as a component of Acquisition and integration-related expenses, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company uses an income approach to value the contingent consideration liability based on the present value of risk-adjusted future cash flows under either a scenario-based or option-pricing method, as appropriate. Due to the lack of relevant observable market data over fair value inputs, such as prospective financial information or probabilities of future events as of

March 31, 2025, the Company has classified the contingent consideration liability within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy outlined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements.

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Acquisitions (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Hog

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Schedule of Recognized Identified Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The following table summarizes the preliminary fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:

(in millions)
Purchase price, inclusive of preliminary closing adjustments (a)	$	84.1
Estimated fair value of additional consideration (b)	7.5
Settlement of pre-existing contractual relationship (c)	0.9
Total consideration	92.5
Accounts receivable	7.2
Inventories	11.1
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2.3
Properties and equipment	17.8
Customer relationships (d)	16.5
Trade names (e)	10.5
Other intangible assets	3.5
Accounts payable	(4.1)
Accrued liabilities	(1.8)
Customer deposits	(5.4)
Net assets acquired	57.6
Goodwill (f)	$	34.9

(a)     The initial purchase price, which is subject to certain post-closing adjustments, including working capital, was funded through existing cash on hand and borrowings under the Company’s credit agreement. The initial purchase price includes $2.0 million that was held back from the initial amount paid at closing pending resolution of certain post-closing adjustments. This hold back amount is included as a component of Other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025.

(b)    Represents the preliminary estimate of fair value assigned to the contingent earn-out payment as of the acquisition date, which is included in Other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025. See Note 13 – Fair Value Measurements for discussion of the methodology used to determine the fair value of the contingent earn-out payment.

(c)    Represents the non-cash settlement of accounts receivable due from Hog to the Company as of the acquisition date. Corresponding amount payable by Hog to the Company is not included in accounts payable assumed in the table above, and the amount was settled at fair value with no impact on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

(d)    Represents the preliminary fair value assigned to customer relationships, which are considered to be definite-lived intangible assets, with a preliminary estimated useful life of approximately 11 years.

(e)    Represents the preliminary fair value assigned to trade names, which are considered to be indefinite-lived intangible assets.

(f)    Goodwill, which is primarily tax-deductible, has been allocated to the Environmental Solutions Group on the basis that the synergies identified will primarily benefit this segment.

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Revenue Recognition (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Net Sales Disaggregated By Geographic Region and Major Product Line

The following table presents the Company’s Net sales disaggregated by geographic region, based on the location of the end customer, and by major product line:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024
Geographic Region:
U.S.	$	364.5	$	334.3
Canada	61.5		59.3
Europe/Other	37.8		31.3
Total net sales	$	463.8	$	424.9
Major Product Line:
Environmental Solutions
Vehicles and equipment (a)	$	301.6	$	272.3
Parts	60.1		61.0
Rental income (b)	15.0		12.0
Other (c)	10.7		8.7
Total	387.4		354.0
Safety and Security Systems
Public safety and security equipment	50.6		44.9
Industrial signaling equipment	16.6		16.9
Warning systems	9.2		9.1
Total	76.4		70.9
Total net sales	$	463.8	$	424.9

(a)    Includes net sales from the sale of new and used vehicles and equipment, including sales of rental equipment.

(b)    Represents income from vehicle and equipment lease arrangements with customers.

(c)    Primarily includes revenues from services, such as maintenance and repair work, and the sale of extended warranty contracts.

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Inventories (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Inventories

The following table summarizes the components of Inventories:

(in millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Finished goods	$	139.3	$	129.4
Raw materials	185.1		171.9
Work in process	37.6		29.7
Total inventories	$	362.0	$	331.0

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Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Components of Long-Term Borrowings and Finance Lease Obligations

The following table summarizes the components of Long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations:

(in millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
2022 Credit Agreement (a)	$	275.8	$	210.9
Finance lease obligations	1.2		12.9
Total long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations, including current portion	277.0		223.8
Less: Current maturities	9.4		7.0
Less: Current finance lease obligations	0.7		12.4
Total long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations	$	266.9	$	204.4

(a)     Defined as the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated October 21, 2022, as amended.

Schedule of Gross Borrowings and Gross Payments

The following table summarizes the gross borrowings and gross payments under the Company’s revolving credit facilities:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024
Gross borrowings	$	78.0	$	10.0
Gross payments	13.8		33.5

Schedule of Other Significant Noncash Transactions

The following table summarizes the supplemental noncash investing and financing activities related to this facility purchase:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025
Purchase of properties and equipment through exchange of lease ROU asset	$	11.3
Derecognition of ROU asset	(11.3)

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Goodwill

The following table summarizes the carrying amount of goodwill, and the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill in the three months ended March 31, 2025, by segment:

(in millions)	Environmental Solutions		Safety & Security Systems		Total
Balance at January 1, 2025	$	368.8	$	108.9	$	477.7
Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments	34.9		—		34.9
Translation adjustments	—		1.4		1.4
Balance at March 31, 2025	$	403.7	$	110.3	$	514.0

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets for each major class of intangible assets:

	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
(in millions)	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships (a)	$	182.2	$	(84.7)	$	97.5	$	165.7	$	(80.7)	$	85.0
Other (a)	10.7		(5.2)		5.5		7.2		(4.9)		2.3
Total definite-lived intangible assets	192.9		(89.9)		103.0		172.9		(85.6)		87.3
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names	118.7		—		118.7		108.1		—		108.1
Other	4.3		—		4.3		4.3		—		4.3
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets	123.0		—		123.0		112.4		—		112.4
Total intangible assets	$	315.9	$	(89.9)	$	226.0	$	285.3	$	(85.6)	$	199.7

(a)    Average useful life of customer relationships and other definite-lived intangible assets are estimated to be approximately 11 years and 6 years, respectively. The average useful life across all definite-lived intangible assets is estimated to be approximately 11 years.

Schedule of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of intangible assets for each major class of intangible assets:

	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
(in millions)	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships (a)	$	182.2	$	(84.7)	$	97.5	$	165.7	$	(80.7)	$	85.0
Other (a)	10.7		(5.2)		5.5		7.2		(4.9)		2.3
Total definite-lived intangible assets	192.9		(89.9)		103.0		172.9		(85.6)		87.3
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade names	118.7		—		118.7		108.1		—		108.1
Other	4.3		—		4.3		4.3		—		4.3
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets	123.0		—		123.0		112.4		—		112.4
Total intangible assets	$	315.9	$	(89.9)	$	226.0	$	285.3	$	(85.6)	$	199.7

(a)    Average useful life of customer relationships and other definite-lived intangible assets are estimated to be approximately 11 years and 6 years, respectively. The average useful life across all definite-lived intangible assets is estimated to be approximately 11 years.

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Pensions (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Summary of Components of Net Periodic Pension (Benefit) Expense

The following table summarizes the components of Net periodic pension expense: 

	U.S. Benefit Plan				Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
	Three Months Ended March 31,				Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Interest cost	1.4		1.4		0.4		0.4
Amortization of actuarial loss	0.6		0.5		0.1		0.2
Expected return on plan assets	(1.4)		(1.8)		(0.4)		(0.5)
Net periodic pension expense	$	0.6	$	0.1	$	0.1	$	0.1

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Product Warranty Liability

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s warranty liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

(in millions)	2025		2024
Balance at January 1	$	9.8	$	9.6
Provisions to expense	1.6		2.2
Acquisitions	0.6		—
Payments	(1.6)		(2.0)
Balance at March 31	$	10.4	$	9.8

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Net Income to Basic and Diluted EPS

The following table reconciles Net income to basic and diluted EPS:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions, except per share data)	2025		2024
Net income	$	46.3	$	51.6
Weighted average shares outstanding – Basic	61.1		60.9
Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents	0.7		0.7
Weighted average shares outstanding – Diluted	61.8		61.6
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.76	$	0.85
Diluted	0.75		0.84

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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Equity [Abstract]

Changes in Each Component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following tables summarize the changes in each component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

(in millions)	Actuarial Losses		Prior Service Costs		Foreign Currency Translation		Interest Rate Swaps		Total
Balance at January 1, 2025 (a)	$	(62.5)	$	(1.8)	$	(24.5)	$	(0.2)	$	(89.0)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(0.3)		—		4.0		0.1		3.8
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0.5		—		—		—		0.5
Net current-period other comprehensive income	0.2		—		4.0		0.1		4.3
Balance at March 31, 2025 (a)	$	(62.3)	$	(1.8)	$	(20.5)	$	(0.1)	$	(84.7)

(in millions)	Actuarial Losses		Prior Service Costs		Foreign Currency Translation		Interest Rate Swaps		Total
Balance at January 1, 2024 (a)	$	(69.7)	$	(2.0)	$	(10.1)	$	0.5	$	(81.3)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	0.1		—		(3.9)		1.2		(2.6)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0.5		—		—		(0.7)		(0.2)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	0.6		—		(3.9)		0.5		(2.8)
Balance at March 31, 2024 (a)	$	(69.1)	$	(2.0)	$	(14.0)	$	1.0	$	(84.1)

(a)    Amounts in parentheses indicate losses.

Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax

The following table summarizes the amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 and the affected line item in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Components	Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss				Affected Line Item in Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
	2025		2024
(in millions) (a)
Amortization of actuarial losses of defined benefit pension plans	$	(0.7)	$	(0.7)	Other expense, net
Interest rate swaps	—		0.9		Interest expense, net
Total before tax	(0.7)		0.2
Income tax benefit (expense)	0.2		—		Income tax expense (benefit)
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	$	(0.5)	$	0.2

(a)    Amounts in parentheses indicate losses.

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Segment Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table Text Block]

The following tables summarize the Company’s financial performance by reportable segment and include reconciliations of segment operating income to consolidated income before income taxes:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
(in millions of dollars)	Environmental Solutions		Safety and Security Systems		Total
Net sales (a)	$	387.4	$	76.4	$	463.8
Less: Cost of sales	288.4		44.6		333.0
Gross profit	99.0		31.8		130.8
Less:
Selling, engineering, general, and administrative expenses	34.9		16.0		50.9
Other segment items (b)	4.4		—		4.4
Segment operating income	59.7		15.8		75.5
Reconciliation to income before income taxes:
All other (income) loss (c)					9.8
Interest expense, net					3.0
Other expense, net					0.7
Income before income taxes					$	62.0

(a)    Represents net sales from external customers. Intersegment net sales are not significant. Total of segment net sales agrees to Net sales on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

(b)    Other segment items includes amortization expense and acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, within the Environmental Solutions Group.

(c)    Represents general corporate expenses.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(in millions of dollars)	Environmental Solutions		Safety and Security Systems		Total
Net sales (a)	$	354.0	$	70.9	$	424.9
Less: Cost of sales	267.3		41.6		308.9
Gross profit	86.7		29.3		116.0
Less:
Selling, engineering, general, and administrative expenses	30.9		15.5		46.4
Other segment items (b)	4.1		—		4.1
Segment operating income	51.7		13.8		65.5
Reconciliation to income before income taxes:
All other (income) loss (c)					11.2
Interest expense, net					3.2
Other expense, net					0.2
Income before income taxes					$	50.9

(a)    Represents net sales from external customers. Intersegment net sales are not significant. Total of segment net sales agrees to Net sales on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

(b)    Other segment items includes amortization expense and acquisition and integration-related expenses, net, within the Environmental Solutions Group.

(c)    Represents general corporate expenses.

Schedule of Depreciation and Amortization Expense by Segment

The following table summarizes the Company’s total depreciation and amortization by reportable segment and includes a reconciliation of total segment depreciation and amortization to total depreciation and amortization:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions of dollars)	2025		2024
Depreciation and amortization:
Environmental Solutions (a)	$	17.6	$	14.3
Safety and Security Systems (a)	1.0		1.0
Total segment depreciation and amortization	18.6		15.3
Corporate	0.1		0.1
Total depreciation and amortization	$	18.7	$	15.4

(a)    The amounts of depreciation and amortization disclosed by reportable segment are included within cost of sales; selling, engineering, general, and administrative expenses; and other segment items in the tables above.

Reconciliation of Assets from Segment to Consolidated

The following table summarizes the Company’s total assets by reportable segment and includes a reconciliation of total segment assets to total assets:

(in millions of dollars)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Total assets:
Environmental Solutions	$	1,544.3	$	1,424.7
Safety and Security Systems	283.6		279.5
Total segment assets	1,827.9		1,704.2
Corporate and eliminations	51.5		61.0
Total assets	$	1,879.4	$	1,765.2

Schedule of Capital Expenditures by Segment

The following table summarizes the Company’s total capital expenditures by reportable segment and includes a reconciliation of total segment capital expenditures to total capital expenditures:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(in millions of dollars)	2025		2024
Capital expenditures
Environmental Solutions	$	4.4	$	5.6
Safety and Security Systems	0.8		2.1
Total segment capital expenditures	5.2		7.7
Corporate	0.4		0.7
Total capital expenditures	$	5.6	$	8.4

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2025:

	Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	23.6	$	—	$	—	$	23.6
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration	—		—		12.3		12.3
Interest rate swaps	—		0.2		—		0.2

Roll-Forward of Fair Value of Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

The following table provides a roll-forward of the fair value of recurring Level 3 fair value measurements in the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

(in millions)	2025			2024
Contingent consideration liability, at January 1	$	4.8	`	$	4.9
Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments	7.5			(0.2)
Foreign currency translation	—			(0.1)
Contingent consideration liability, at March 31	$	12.3		$	4.6

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - 3 months ended Mar. 31, 2025	Segment	segment
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments	2	2

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Acquisitions - Narrative (Details) - Hog $ in Millions	Feb. 12, 2025 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Initial cash consideration paid for acquisition	$ 82.1
Contingent consideration maximum	15.0
Preliminary Closing Adjustments, Held Back	$ 2.0

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Acquisitions - Fair Value of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended
	Feb. 12, 2025	Mar. 31, 2025
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill		$ 34.9
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life		11 years
Hog
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price, inclusive of preliminary closing adjustments	$ 84.1
Estimated fair value of additional consideration	7.5
Settlement of pre-existing contractual relationship	0.9
Total consideration	92.5
Accounts receivable	7.2
Inventories	11.1
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2.3
Properties and equipment	17.8
Customer relationships	16.5
Trade names	10.5
Other intangible assets	3.5
Accounts payable	(4.1)
Accrued liabilities	(1.8)
Customer deposits	(5.4)
Net assets acquired	57.6
Goodwill	34.9
Preliminary Closing Adjustments, Held Back	$ 2.0
Hog | Customer-Related Intangible Assets
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	11 years

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Revenue Recognition - Disaggregation of Revenue From Contracts With Customers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		$ 463.8	$ 424.9
U.S.
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		364.5	334.3
Canada
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		61.5	59.3
Europe/Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		37.8	31.3
Environmental Solutions
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		387.4	354.0
Environmental Solutions | Vehicles and equipment
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	[1]	301.6	272.3
Environmental Solutions | Parts
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		60.1	61.0
Environmental Solutions | Rental income
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	[2]	15.0	12.0
Environmental Solutions | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	[3]	10.7	8.7
Safety and Security Systems
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		76.4	70.9
Safety and Security Systems | Public safety and security equipment
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		50.6	44.9
Safety and Security Systems | Industrial signaling equipment
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		16.6	16.9
Safety and Security Systems | Warning systems
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales		$ 9.2	$ 9.1

[1] Includes net sales from the sale of new and used vehicles and equipment, including sales of rental equipment.

[2] Represents income from vehicle and equipment lease arrangements with customers.

[3] Primarily includes revenues from services, such as maintenance and repair work, and the sale of extended warranty contracts.

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Revenue Recognition - Contract Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Description of performance obligation timing	Contract liabilities are recognized as Net sales when the related performance obligations are satisfied, which generally occurs within three to six months of the cash receipt.
Contract liabilities	$ 53.3	$ 38.8

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Inventories - Components of Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Finished goods	$ 139.3	$ 129.4
Raw materials	185.1	171.9
Work in process	37.6	29.7
Total inventories	$ 362.0	$ 331.0

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Debt - Summary of Components of Long-Term Borrowings and Finance Lease Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		Mar. 31, 2025	Feb. 10, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term borrowings	[1]	$ 275.8		$ 210.9
Finance lease obligations		1.2	$ 11.5	12.9
Total long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations, including current portion		277.0		223.8
Long-term Debt, Current Maturities	[1]	9.4		7.0
Current finance lease obligations		0.7		12.4
Total long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations		$ 266.9		$ 204.4

[1] Defined as the Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated October 21, 2022, as amended.

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Debt - Summary of Carrying Amounts and Estimated Fair Values of Long-Term Borrowings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term borrowings	$ 277.0	$ 223.8
Current portion of long-term borrowings and finance lease obligations	$ 10.1	$ 19.4

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Debt - Schedule of Gross Borrowings and Gross Payments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Gross borrowings	$ 78.0	$ 10.0
Gross payments	$ 13.8	$ 33.5

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Debt - Schedule of Other Significant Noncash Transactions (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025 USD ($)
Other Significant Noncash Transactions [Line Items]
Right-of-Use Asset Obtained in Exchange for Finance Lease Liability	$ 11.3
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, after Accumulated Amortization	$ (11.3)

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Debt - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended
	Oct. 21, 2022	Oct. 02, 2022	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024	Feb. 10, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024	Jul. 11, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate swap liability, fair value						$ 300,000
Interest rate swap asset, fair value			$ 200,000
Finance lease obligations			1,200,000		$ 11,500,000	12,900,000
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, after Accumulated Amortization					$ 11,300,000
Acquisition Costs, Period Cost			11,500,000
Purchase Options, Land			11,500,000
2022 Credit Agreement | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility maximum borrowings	$ 800,000,000
2022 Credit Agreement | Minimum | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, unused capacity, commitment fee percentage	0.10%
2022 Credit Agreement | Maximum | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, unused capacity, commitment fee percentage	0.25%
2022 Credit Agreement | Base Rate | Minimum | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Base rate borrowings margin range	0.00%
2022 Credit Agreement | Base Rate | Maximum | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Base rate borrowings margin range	0.75%
2022 Credit Agreement | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate | Minimum | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Base rate borrowings margin range	1.00%
2022 Credit Agreement | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate | Maximum | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Base rate borrowings margin range	1.75%
2022 Credit Agreement | Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility outstanding amount			155,500,000			90,600,000
Remaining borrowing capacity			508,600,000			574,300,000
2022 Credit Agreement | Revolving Credit Facility | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility maximum borrowings	$ 675,000,000
2022 Credit Agreement | Letter of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility outstanding amount			10,900,000			10,100,000
2022 Credit Agreement | Secured Debt | Line of Credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility maximum borrowings	125,000,000
2022 Credit Agreement | Term loan Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility outstanding amount			120,300,000			$ 120,300,000
Interest Rate Swap
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Unrealized pre-tax gain (loss) on interest rate swap cash flow hedges, recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss			$ 100,000	$ 1,200,000
Debt and Equity Securities, Realized Gain (Loss)				$ 600,000
Proceeds from Hedge, Financing Activities		$ 4,300,000
Proceeds from Hedge, Financing Activities		$ 4,300,000
us-gaap_InterestRateSwapMember2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility outstanding amount	75,000,000.0
Interest rate swap, notional amount	$ 75,000,000.0
InterestRateSwapMember2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit facility outstanding amount							$ 75,000,000.0
Interest rate swap, notional amount							$ 75,000,000.0

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	$ 477.7
Goodwill	34.9
Translation adjustments	1.4
Goodwill, ending balance	514.0
Environmental Solutions
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	368.8
Goodwill	34.9
Translation adjustments	0.0
Goodwill, ending balance	403.7
Safety and Security Systems
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	108.9
Goodwill	0.0
Translation adjustments	1.4
Goodwill, ending balance	$ 110.3

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Gross Carrying Amount and Accumulated Amortization (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Finite-Lived and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	$ 192.9	$ 172.9
Accumulated Amortization	(89.9)	(85.6)
Net Carrying Value	103.0	87.3
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	123.0	112.4
Total intangible assets, gross carrying value	315.9	285.3
Total intangible assets, net	$ 226.0	199.7
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	11 years
Trade names
Finite-Lived and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	$ 118.7	108.1
Distribution Rights
Finite-Lived and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	4.3	4.3
Customer Relationships [Member]
Finite-Lived and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	182.2	165.7
Accumulated Amortization	(84.7)	(80.7)
Net Carrying Value	$ 97.5	85.0
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	11 years
Other
Finite-Lived and Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Value	$ 10.7	7.2
Accumulated Amortization	(5.2)	(4.9)
Net Carrying Value	$ 5.5	$ 2.3
Finite-lived intangible asset, useful life	6 years

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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization expense	$ 4.3	$ 3.6
Estimated amortization of intangibles, remainder of 2023	13.4
Estimated amortization of intangibles, 2024	17.7
Estimated amortization of intangibles, 2025	17.0
Estimated amortization of intangibles, 2026	16.4
Estimated amortization of intangibles, 2027	11.0
Estimated amortization of intangibles, thereafter	$ 27.5

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax expense (benefit)	$ 15.7	$ (0.7)
Effective tax rate	25.30%	(1.40%)
Recognized Tax Benefit from worhtless stock deduction, Net		$ 13.0

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Pensions - Summary of Components of Net Periodic Pension Expense (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024
U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Interest cost	$ 1.4	$ 1.4
Amortization of actuarial loss	0.6	0.5
Expected return on plan assets	(1.4)	(1.8)
Net periodic pension expense	0.6	0.1
Non-U.S. Benefit Plan
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Interest cost	0.4	0.4
Amortization of actuarial loss	0.1	0.2
Expected return on plan assets	(0.4)	(0.5)
Net periodic pension expense	$ 0.1	$ 0.1

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Commitments and Contingencies - Summary of Changes in Warranty Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024
Movement in Standard and Extended Product Warranty, Increase (Decrease) [Roll Forward]
Balance at January 1	$ 9.8	$ 9.6
Provisions to expense	1.6	2.2
Acquisitions	0.6	0.0
Payments	(1.6)	(2.0)
Balance at March 31	$ 10.4	$ 9.8
Minimum
Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]
Warranty period	1 year
Maximum
Product Warranty Liability [Line Items]
Warranty period	5 years

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Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	Nov. 04, 2019	Mar. 31, 2025
Commitments Disclosure [Line Items]
Outstanding letters of credit and bonds		$ 28,600,000
Settlement offer per eligible plaintiff who has already filed a lawsuit	$ 700
Settlement offer per eligible plaintiff who has not already filed a lawsuit	$ 300

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Earnings Per Share - Reconciliation of Net Income to Basic and Diluted EPS (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income	$ 46.3	$ 51.6
Weighted average shares outstanding - Basic (shares)	61.1	60.9
Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents (shares)	0.7	0.7
Weighted average shares outstanding - Diluted (shares)	61.8	61.6
Basic earnings per share:
Earnings per share (usd per share)	$ 0.76	$ 0.85
Diluted earnings per share:
Earnings per share (usd per share)	$ 0.75	$ 0.84

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Earnings Per Share - Additional Information (Details) shares in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025 shares
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS (shares)	0.1

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Earnings Per Share (Details) shares in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025 shares
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS (shares)	0.1

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Stockholders' Equity - Changes in Each Component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ (89.0)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	4.3	$ (2.8)
Ending balance	(84.7)
Actuarial Losses
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(62.3)	(69.1)	$ (62.5)	$ (69.7)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(0.3)	0.1
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0.5	0.5
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	0.2	0.6
Prior Service Costs
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(1.8)	(2.0)	(1.8)	(2.0)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	0.0	0.0
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0.0	0.0
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	0.0	0.0
Currency Translation
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(20.5)	(14.0)	(24.5)	(10.1)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	4.0	(3.9)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0.0	0.0
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	4.0	(3.9)
Interest Rate Swaps
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(0.1)	1.0	(0.2)	0.5
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	0.1	1.2
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0.0	(0.7)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	0.1	0.5
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
AOCI Attributable to Parent, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(84.7)	(84.1)	$ (89.0)	$ (81.3)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	3.8	(2.6)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	0.5	(0.2)
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	$ 4.3	$ (2.8)

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Stockholders' Equity - Reclassifications from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	$ 4.3	$ (2.8)
Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Amortization of actuarial losses of defined benefit pension plans	(0.7)	(0.7)
Interest rate swaps	0.0	0.9
Total before tax	(0.7)	0.2
Income tax benefit (expense)	0.2	0.0
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax	(0.5)	0.2
Actuarial Losses
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	0.2	0.6
Prior Service Costs
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	0.0	0.0
Currency Translation
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	4.0	(3.9)
Interest Rate Swaps
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	0.1	0.5
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)	$ 4.3	$ (2.8)

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Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2025	Jun. 30, 2025	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 13, 2020
Dividends Payable [Line Items]
Cash dividends declared per common share (usd per share)			$ 0.14	$ 0.12
Cash dividends paid to stockholders			$ 8,600,000	$ 7,300,000
Class of Stock Disclosures [Abstract]
Number of shares repurchased			250,604	1,600
Treasury stock purchases			$ 18,500,000	$ 100,000
Treasury Stock, Value, Acquired, Cost Method			19,700,000	$ 100,000
Accrued Treasury Shares Cost			$ 1,200,000
Stock Repurchase Program, Remaining Number of Shares Authorized to be Repurchased			27,200,000
Treasury Stock, Shares, Acquired in Subsequent Period	280,893
Treasury Stock, Value, Acquired in Subsequent Period, Cost Method	$ 20,000,000.0
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares repurchased			250,604	1,600
Treasury stock purchases			$ 18,500,000	$ 100,000
Treasury Stock, Value, Acquired, Cost Method			19,700,000	$ 100,000
Accrued Treasury Shares Cost			$ 1,200,000
Stock Repurchase Program, Remaining Number of Shares Authorized to be Repurchased			27,200,000
Subsequent Event
Dividends Payable [Line Items]
Cash dividends declared per common share (usd per share)		$ 0.14
March 2020 Repurchase Program
Class of Stock Disclosures [Abstract]
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount	7,200,000				$ 75,000,000
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount	$ 7,200,000				75,000,000
April 2025 Repurchase Program
Class of Stock Disclosures [Abstract]
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount					150,000,000
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount					$ 150,000,000

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Segment Information - Summary of Continuing Operations by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 463.8	$ 424.9
Cost of sales	333.0	308.9
Gross Profit	130.8	116.0
Selling, engineering, general and administrative expenses	60.2	57.2
Operating Income (Loss)	65.7	54.3
Interest expense, net	3.0	3.2
Other Expenses	0.7	0.2
Income before income taxes	62.0	50.9
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Gross Profit	130.8	116.0
Selling, engineering, general and administrative expenses	50.9	46.4
Other segment items	4.4	4.1
Operating Income (Loss)	75.5	65.5
Environmental Solutions
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	387.4	354.0
Cost of sales	288.4	267.3
Gross Profit	99.0	86.7
Selling, engineering, general and administrative expenses	34.9	30.9
Other segment items	4.4	4.1
Operating Income (Loss)	59.7	51.7
Safety and Security Systems
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	76.4	70.9
Cost of sales	44.6	41.6
Gross Profit	31.8	29.3
Selling, engineering, general and administrative expenses	16.0	15.5
Other segment items	0.0	0.0
Operating Income (Loss)	15.8	13.8
Corporate
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Income (Loss)	$ 9.8	$ 11.2

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Segment Information - Schedule of Depreciation and Amortization Expense by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024
Schedule of Depreciation and Amortization Expense by Segment [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 18.7	$ 15.4
Operating Segments
Schedule of Depreciation and Amortization Expense by Segment [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	18.6	15.3
Environmental Solutions
Schedule of Depreciation and Amortization Expense by Segment [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	17.6	14.3
Safety and Security Systems
Schedule of Depreciation and Amortization Expense by Segment [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	1.0	1.0
Corporate
Schedule of Depreciation and Amortization Expense by Segment [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 0.1	$ 0.1

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Segment Information - Reconciliation of Assets from Segment to Consolidated (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2025	Dec. 31, 2024
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Assets	$ 1,879.4	$ 1,765.2
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Assets	1,827.9	1,704.2
Environmental Solutions
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Assets	1,544.3	1,424.7
Safety and Security Systems
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Assets	283.6	279.5
Corporate
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Assets	$ 51.5	$ 61.0

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Segment Information - Schedule of Capital Expenditures by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024
Schedule of Capital Expenditures by Segment [Line Items]
Segment, Expenditure, Addition to Long-Lived Assets	$ 5.6	$ 8.4
Operating Segments
Schedule of Capital Expenditures by Segment [Line Items]
Segment, Expenditure, Addition to Long-Lived Assets	5.2	7.7
Environmental Solutions
Schedule of Capital Expenditures by Segment [Line Items]
Segment, Expenditure, Addition to Long-Lived Assets	4.4	5.6
Safety and Security Systems
Schedule of Capital Expenditures by Segment [Line Items]
Segment, Expenditure, Addition to Long-Lived Assets	0.8	2.1
Corporate
Schedule of Capital Expenditures by Segment [Line Items]
Segment, Expenditure, Addition to Long-Lived Assets	$ 0.4	$ 0.7

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Segment Information - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2025 Segment	Mar. 31, 2025 segment	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments		2	2
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 18.7			$ 15.4
Schedule of Capital Expenditures by Segment [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments		2	2
Environmental Solutions
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Depreciation and amortization	$ 17.6			$ 14.3

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Fair Value Measurements - Asset and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Details) - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2025 USD ($)
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash equivalents	$ 23.6
Estimated fair value of additional consideration (a)	12.3
Interest rate swaps	0.2
Level 1
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash equivalents	23.6
Estimated fair value of additional consideration (a)	0.0
Interest rate swaps	0.0
Level 2
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash equivalents	0.0
Estimated fair value of additional consideration (a)	0.0
Interest rate swaps	0.2
Level 3
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Cash equivalents	0.0
Estimated fair value of additional consideration (a)	12.3
Interest rate swaps	$ 0.0

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Fair Value Measurements - Roll-Forward of Fair Value of Recurring Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2025	Mar. 31, 2024
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]
Issuance of contingent consideration in connection with acquisitions	$ 7.5	$ 0.2
Contingent consideration liability	12.3	4.6
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Contingent consideration liability, beginning balance	4.8	4.9
Issuance of contingent consideration in connection with acquisitions	7.5	0.2
Foreign currency translation	0.0	(0.1)
Contingent consideration liability, ending balance	$ 12.3	$ 4.6

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Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions, $ in Millions	Feb. 12, 2025 USD ($)	Oct. 04, 2024 USD ($)	Apr. 03, 2023 USD ($)	Apr. 03, 2023 CAD ($)	Jan. 03, 2023 USD ($)
Deist
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent consideration maximum	$ 7.5
Blasters [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent consideration maximum					$ 6.2
Trackless
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent consideration maximum			$ 4.2	$ 6.0
Standard
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent consideration maximum		$ 4.8
Hog
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contingent consideration maximum	15.0
Initial cash consideration paid for acquisition	$ 82.1