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SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Share-based Compensation [Abstract]  
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

14.       SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

Effective in 2011, the Corporation maintains two share-based compensation plans, restricted stock units and performance share units, both of which are utilized only in our executive Long Term Incentive grants. Previous grants included non-qualified stock options (“NQSO”) to all participants. Under our employee benefit program, the Corporation also provides an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) available to most active employees. Certain awards provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control.

The compensation cost for employee and non-employee director share-based compensation programs during 2011, 2010, and 2009 is as follows:

(In thousands)  2011  2010  2009
Non-qualified stock options $ 3,066 $ 6,825 $ 6,272
Employee Stock Purchase Plan   658   1,291   3,560
Performance Share Units   2,591   2,079   2,184
Restricted Stock and Restricted Share Units   2,771   2,533   2,700
Other share-based payments   535   650   548
Total share-based compensation expense before income taxes $ 9,621 $ 13,378 $ 15,264

Other share-based payments include restricted stock awards to non-employee directors, who are treated as employees as prescribed by the accounting guidance on share-based payments. The compensation cost recognized follows the cost of the employee, which is primarily reflected as General and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. No share-based compensation costs were capitalized during 2011, 2010, or 2009.

2005 Long-Term Incentive Plan

Awards under the 2005 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2005 LTI Plan”) consist of three ongoing components, performance units (cash), performance share units, and time-based restricted stock units and two legacy components, restricted stock and non-qualified stock options. Under the 2005 LTI Plan, an aggregate total of 5,000,000 shares (as adjusted for subsequent stock splits and dividends) of Common stock were registered. Issuances of Common stock to satisfy employee option exercises will be made from the Corporation's treasury stock. No more than 200,000 shares of Common stock or 100,000 shares of restricted stock may be awarded in any year to any one participant in the 2005 LTI Plan.

The Corporation awarded total performance units (cash) of $19.3 million, $14.1 million, and $13.7 million in 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively, to certain key employees. The performance units are denominated in U.S. dollars and are contingent upon the Corporation's satisfaction of performance objectives keyed to achieving profitable growth over a period of three fiscal years commencing with the fiscal year following such awards. The anticipated cost of such awards is expensed over the three-year performance period, which amounted to $8.1 million, $6.5 million, and $8.1 million in 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. The actual cost of the performance units may vary from the total value of the awards depending upon the degree to which the key performance objectives are met.

Non-Qualified Stock Options (NQSO)

Effective November 2011, under the LTI plans, the Corporation no longer grants non-qualified stock options. Prior to November 2011, under the LTI Plans, the Corporation granted non-qualified stock options to key employees each year. Stock options granted under the LTI Plans expire ten years after the date of the grant and are generally exercisable (vest) one-third per year beginning with 12 months following the date of grant. The fair value of the NQSO's was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the assumptions noted in the following table. Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of the Corporation's stock and other factors. The Corporation uses historical data to estimate the expected term of options granted. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.

   2011  2010  2009
Risk-free rate  2.45%  1.68%  2.53%
Expected volatility  30.20%  30.50%  29.67%
Expected dividends  0.92%  1.07%  1.22%
Expected term (in years)  6   6   6 
Weighted-average grant-date fair value of options $10.57  $8.52  $9.19 

A summary of employee stock option activity under the LTI Plans is as follows:

   Shares (000's)  Weighted-Average Exercise Price Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000's)
Outstanding at December 31, 2010  3,743 $ 30.87    
 Granted   13   34.86    
 Exercised  (241)   17.42    
 Forfeited  (108)   31.06    
Outstanding at December 31, 2011  3,407 $ 31.83  6.4$ 11,924
Exercisable at December 31, 2011  2,653 $ 32.30  5.8$ 8,044

The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during 2011, 2010, and 2009 was $3.9 million, $1.8 million, and $1.9 million, respectively. The above table represents the Corporation's estimate of options fully vested and/or expected to vest. Expected forfeitures are not material and therefore are not reflected in the above table.

NQSO grants vest over three years and compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of each award as if each award, was in substance, multiple awards. During 2011, 2010, and 2009, compensation cost associated with NQSO's was $3.1 million, $6.8 million, and $6.3 million respectively, which was charged to expense. As of December 31, 2011, there was $1.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.3 years.

Cash received from option exercises during 2011, 2010, and 2009 was $4.2 million, $1.8 million, and $2.3 million, respectively. The total tax benefit generated from options exercised during 2011, 2010, and 2009, was $1.1 million, $0.6 million, and $0.5 million, respectively. Tax benefits received on exercised options, which were subject to expense under U.S. GAAP, have been credited to deferred taxes up to the amount of benefit recorded in the income statement, with the difference charged to additional paid in capital, while tax benefits received on exercised options that were not subject to expense have been credited to additional paid in capital.

Performance Share Units

Since 2005, the Corporation granted performance share units to certain employees under the 2005 LTI Plan, whose vesting is contingent upon meeting various company-wide, three-year performance goals around net income targets, both against budget and as a percentage of sales against a peer group. The non-vested shares are subject to forfeiture if established performance goals are not met, or employment is terminated other than due to death, disability, or retirement. Share plans are denominated in share-based units based on the fair market value of the Corporation's Common stock on the date of grant.

A summary of the Corporation's performance-share units for 2011 is as follows:

     Shares/Units (000's)  Weighted-Average Fair Value Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000's)
Non-vested at December 31, 2010  876 $ 32.13    
 Granted   184   32.97    
 Vested  (33)   54.00    
 Forfeited  (101)   30.65    
Non-vested at December 31, 2011  926 $ 31.67  2.0$ 32,711
Expected to vest at December 31, 2011(A)  382 $ 33.00  2.4$ 13,488

  • Based on 200% of target payout.

The performance share unit's compensation cost is amortized to expense on a straight-line basis over the three-year requisite service period. As forfeiture and performance assumptions change, compensation cost will be adjusted on a cumulative basis in the period of the assumption change. As of December 31, 2011, the weighted average remaining vesting term of performance based share units is 2.4 years.

Time Based Restricted Stock and Restricted Share Units

Time based restricted stock and share units cliff vest three years after the date of grant.

The restricted stock and restricted share units contain only a service condition, and thus compensation cost is amortized to expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which ranged from 3.0 years to 10.1 years. The non-vested restricted stock is subject to forfeiture if employment is terminated other than due to death or disability. The restricted units and restricted share units are subject to forfeiture if employment is terminated and are nontransferable.

A summary of the Corporation's time-based restricted stock and restricted share units for 2011 is as follows:

   Shares/Units (000's)  Weighted-Average Fair Value Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years Aggregate Intrinsic Value (000's)
Non-vested at December 31, 2010  340 $ 32.51    
 Granted  105   33.00    
 Vested  (73)   30.12    
 Forfeited  (4)   29.99    
Non-vested at December 31, 2011  368 $ 33.15  2.9$ 13,006
Expected to vest at December 31, 2011  368 $ 33.15  2.9$ 13,006

As of December 31, 2011, there was $7.4 million of unrecognized compensation cost, which is expected to be recognized over a period of 2.9 years related to non-vested restricted stock and restricted share units.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Corporation's Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) enables eligible employees to purchase the Corporation's Common stock at a price per share equal to 85% of the fair market value at the end of each offering period. Each offering period of the ESPP lasts six months, commencing on January 1st and July 1st of each year. Participation in the offering is limited to 10% of an employee's base salary (not to exceed amounts allowed under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code), participation may be terminated at any time by the employee, and automatically ends on termination of employment with the Corporation. Effective January 1, 2011, the Corporation increased the number of shares authorized for issuance under the ESPP by an additional 1,200,000 shares, from 2,000,000 to 3,200,000, and extended the term of the ESPP by an additional two years through October 1, 2015. The Common stock to satisfy the stock purchases under the ESPP were originally designated as newly issued shares of Common stock; however, the Company has reserved the additional 1,200,000 shares from Treasury. During 2011, there were 320,810 shares purchased under the ESPP. As of December 31, 2011, there were 1,424,322 million shares available for future offerings, and the Corporation has withheld $4.3 million from employees, the equivalent of 142,515 shares. Compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the six-month vesting period during which employees perform related services. The Corporation recognized $0.3 million of tax benefit associated with disqualifying dispositions during 2011, all of which was credited to additional paid in capital. Effective as of January 1, 2010, the plan's look-back feature was eliminated from the ESPP.

2005 Stock Plan for Non-Employee Directors

The 2005 Stock Plan for Non-Employee Directors (“2005 Stock Plan”), approved by the stockholders in 2005, provided for the grant of stock awards and, at the option of the non-employee directors, the deferred payment of regular stipulated compensation and meeting fees in equivalent shares. Under the 2005 Stock Plan, the Corporation's non-employee directors each receive an annual restricted stock award, which is subject to a three-year restriction period commencing on the date of the grant. For 2011, 2010 and 2009, the value of the award granted was $ 70,000 per director, respectively. These restricted stock awards are subject to forfeiture if the non-employee director resigns or retires by reason of his or her decision not to stand for re-election prior to the lapsing of all restrictions, unless the restrictions are otherwise removed by the Committee on Directors and Governance. The cost of the restricted stock awards will be amortized over the three year restriction period from the date of grant, or such shorter restriction period as determined by the removal of such restrictions. Newly elected non-employee directors also receive a one-time five year restricted stock award of $ 35,000. The total number of shares of Common stock available for grant under the 2005 Stock Plan may not exceed 100,000 shares. During 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Corporation awarded 16,680, 18,456, and 18,168, respectively, shares of restricted stock under the 2005 Stock Plan, of which 7,820, 9,228, and 12,490 shares, respectively, have been deferred by certain directors.

Pursuant to election by non-employee directors to receive shares in lieu of payment for earned and deferred compensation under the 2005 Stock Plan, the Corporation had provided for an aggregate additional 74,017 and 72,955 shares at an average price of $30.26 and $29.00, respectively, as of December 31, 2011 and 2010. During 2011 and 2010, the Corporation issued 12,687 and 10,836 shares, respectively, in compensation pursuant to such elections.