SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our company and our wholly owned subsidiaries, VitaMed, BocaGreen and VitaCare. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Cash

We maintain cash at financial institutions that at times may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or the FDIC, insured limits of $250,000 per bank. We have never experienced any losses related to these funds. 

Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Trade accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms. We review accounts receivable for uncollectible accounts and credit card charge-backs and provide an allowance for doubtful accounts, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information, and existing economic conditions. We consider trade accounts receivable past due for more than 90 days to be delinquent. We write off delinquent receivables against our allowance for doubtful accounts based on individual credit evaluations, the results of collection efforts, and specific circumstances of customers. We record recoveries of accounts previously written off when received as an increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts. To the extent data we use to calculate these estimates does not accurately reflect bad debts, adjustments to these reserves may be required. At December 31, 2018, three different customers represented 42%, 24% and 13% of our gross accounts receivable. At December 31, 2017, four different customers represented 27%, 23%, 22% and 11% of our gross accounts receivable.

Inventories

Inventories represent hormone therapy drugs, packaged vitamins, nutritional products and supplements and raw materials, which are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the average-cost method. We review our inventory for excess or obsolete inventory and write-down obsolete or otherwise unmarketable inventory to its estimated net realizable value. Obsolescence may occur due to product expiring or product improvements rendering previous versions obsolete.

Pre-Launch Inventory

Inventory costs associated with product candidates that have not yet received regulatory approval are capitalized if we believe there is probable future commercial use and future economic benefit. If the probability of future commercial use and future economic benefit cannot be reasonably determined, then pre-launch inventory costs associated with such product candidates are expensed as research and development expenses during the period the costs are incurred. We have not capitalized any pre-launch inventory to date.

Fixed Assets

We state fixed assets at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. We charge maintenance costs, which do not significantly extend the useful lives of the respective assets, and repair costs to operating expenses as incurred. We compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which range from three to seven years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of their useful life or the term of the lease.

We capitalize software and software development costs incurred to create and acquire computer software for internal use, principally related to software coding and application development. We begin to capitalize software development costs when both the preliminary project stage is completed and it is probable that the software will be used as intended. Capitalized software costs include only external direct costs and services utilized in developing or obtaining computer software. Capitalized software costs are amortized on a straight-line basis when placed into service over the estimated useful life, generally five to seven years.

Intangible Assets

We have adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, or ASC 350. Capitalized patent costs, net of accumulated amortization, include outside legal costs incurred for patent applications. In accordance with ASC 350, once a patent is granted, we amortize the capitalized patent costs over the remaining life of the patent using the straight-line method. If the patent is not granted, we write-off any capitalized patent costs at that time. As of December 31, 2018, we had 21 issued domestic, or U.S., patents and 24 issued foreign patents (See Note 6). We capitalize external costs, consisting primarily of legal costs, related to securing our trademarks. Trademarks are perpetual and are not amortized. We review intangible assets for impairment annually or when events or circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We review the carrying values of fixed assets and long-lived intangible assets to be held and used for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying values may not be recoverable. Such events or circumstances may include, among others, the following:

● significant declines in an asset’s market price;

● significant deterioration in an asset’s physical condition;

● significant changes in the nature or extent of an asset’s use or operation;

● significant adverse changes in the business climate that could impact an asset’s value, including adverse actions or assessments by regulators;

● accumulation of costs significantly in excess of original expectations related to the acquisition or construction of an asset;

● current-period operating or cash flow losses combined with a history of such losses or a forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with an asset’s use; and

● expectations that it is more likely than not that an asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life.

If impairment indicators are present, we determine whether an impairment loss should be recognized by testing the applicable asset or asset group’s carrying value for recoverability. This test requires long-lived assets to be grouped at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities, the determination of which requires judgment. We estimate the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated from the use and eventual disposal of the assets and compare that estimate to the respective carrying values in order to determine if such carrying values are recoverable. This assessment requires the exercise of judgment in assessing the future use of and projected value to be derived from the eventual disposal of the assets to be held and used. In our assessments, we also consider changes in asset utilization, including, if applicable, the temporary idling of capacity and the expected timing for placing this capacity back into production. If the carrying value of the assets is not recoverable, then we record a loss for the difference between the assets’ fair value and respective carrying values. We determine the fair value of the assets using an “income approach” based upon a forecast of all the expected discounted future net cash flows associated with the subject assets. Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions include market size and growth, market share, projected selling prices, manufacturing cost, and discount rate. We base estimates upon historical experience, our commercial relationships, market conditions, and available external information about future trends. We believe our current assumptions and estimates are reasonable and appropriate. Unanticipated events and changes in market conditions, however, could affect such estimates, resulting in the need for an impairment charge in future periods. There was no impairment of long-lived assets to be held and used during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.

We perform impairment tests for intangible assets with indefinite useful lives annually, or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of an intangible asset below its carrying value. The impairment test for assets with indefinite lives consists of a comparison of the fair value of the asset with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. There was no impairment of indefinite lived intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our financial instruments consist primarily of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and long term debt. The carrying amount of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximates their fair value because of the short-term maturity of such instruments, which are considered Level 1 assets under the fair value hierarchy.

We categorize our assets and liabilities that are valued at fair value on a recurring basis into a three-level fair value hierarchy as defined by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1) and lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). Assets and liabilities recorded in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value are categorized based on a hierarchy of inputs, as follows:

Level 1 unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument; and

Level 3 unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had no assets or liabilities that were valued at fair value on a recurring basis.

The fair value of indefinite-lived assets is measured on a non-recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) in connection with any required impairment test. There was no impairment of intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.

The carrying amount for the long term debt as of December 31, 2018 (as discussed in Note 8) approximates fair value based on market activity for other debt instruments with similar characteristics and comparable risk (Level 2).

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. We measure deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the related temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We recognize the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates when the rate change is enacted. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized.

In accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, we recognize the effect of uncertain income tax positions only if the positions are more likely than not of being sustained in an audit, based on the technical merits of the position. We measure recognized uncertain income tax positions using the largest amount that has a likelihood of being realized that is greater than 50%. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which those changes in judgment occur.

We recognize both interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as part of the income tax provision. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, we had no tax positions relating to open tax returns that were considered to be uncertain.

Our U.S. federal and state tax returns since 2011, which was the first year we generated net operating losses, remain open to examination.  

Share-Based Compensation

We measure the compensation costs of share-based compensation arrangements based on the grant-date fair value and recognize the costs in the financial statements over the period during which employees are required to provide services. Share-based compensation arrangements include options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance-based awards, share appreciation rights, and employee share purchase plans. We amortize such compensation amounts, if any, over the respective service periods of the award. We use the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model, or the Black-Scholes Model, an acceptable model in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to value options. Option valuation models require the input of assumptions, including the expected life of the stock-based awards, the estimated stock price volatility, the risk-free interest rate, and the expected dividend yield. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates on zero coupon U.S. Treasury bonds whose maturity period is appropriate for the term of the instrument. Estimated volatility is a measure of the amount by which our stock price is expected to fluctuate each year during the term of the award. Prior to January 1, 2017, the expected volatility of share options was estimated based on a historical volatility analysis of peer entities whose stock prices were publicly available that were similar to the Company with respect to industry, stage of life cycle, market capitalization, and financial leverage. On January 1, 2017, we began using our own stock price in our volatility calculation along with the other peer entities whose stock prices were publicly available that were similar to our company. Our calculation of estimated volatility is based on historical stock prices over a period equal to the expected term of the awards. The average expected life is based on the contractual terms of the stock option using the simplified method. We utilize a dividend yield of zero based on the fact that we have never paid cash dividends and have no current intention to pay cash dividends. Calculating share-based compensation expense requires the input of highly subjective judgment and assumptions: estimates of expected life of the share-based award, stock price volatility and risk-free interest rates. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based awards represent our best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if factors change and we use different assumptions, our share-based compensation expense could be materially different in the future. 

Equity instruments (“instruments”) issued to non-employees are recorded on the basis of the fair value of the instruments, as required by ASC 505, Equity - Based Payments to Non-Employees, or ASC 505. ASC 505 defines the measurement date and recognition period for such instruments. In general, the measurement date is when either (a) a performance commitment, as defined, is reached or (b) the earlier of (i) the non-employee performance is complete or (ii) the instruments are vested. The estimated expense is recognized each period based on the current fair value of the award. As a result, the amount of expense related to awards to non-employees can fluctuate significantly during the period from the date of the grant through the final measurement date. The measured value related to the instruments is recognized over a period based on the facts and circumstances of each particular grant as defined in ASC 505.

We recognize the compensation expense for all share-based compensation granted to employees based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with ASC 718. We generally recognize the compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the employee’s requisite service period. We estimate the forfeiture rate based on our historical experience of forfeitures. If our actual forfeiture rate is materially different from our estimate, share-based compensation expense could be significantly different from what we have recorded in the current period.

Revenue Recognition

We adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. ASC 606 states that a contract is considered “completed” if all (or substantially all) of the revenue was recognized in accordance with revenue guidance that was in effect before the date of initial application. Because all (or substantially all) of the revenue related to sales of our products has been recognized under ASC 605 prior to the date of initial application of the new standard, the contracts are considered completed under ASC 606. Based on our evaluation of ASC 606, we concluded that a cumulative adjustment was not necessary upon implementation of ASC 606 on January 1, 2018.

In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services. The provisions of ASC 606 include a five-step process by which we determine revenue recognition, depicting the transfer of goods or services to customers in amounts reflecting the payment to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASC 606 requires us to apply the following steps: (1) identify the contract with the customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when, or as, we satisfy the performance obligation.

Prescription Products

Our products consist primarily of prescription vitamins and our recently approved product IMVEXXY®, which we began selling during the third quarter of 2018. We sell our name brand and generic prescription products primarily through wholesale distributors and retail pharmacy distributors. We have one performance obligation related to prescription products sold through wholesale distributors, which is to transfer promised goods to a customer and two performance obligations related to products sold through retail pharmacy distributors, which are to: (1) transfer promised goods and (2) provide customer service for an immaterial fee. We treat shipping as a fulfillment activity rather than as a separate obligation. We recognize prescription revenue only when we satisfy performance obligations by transferring a promised good or service to a customer. A good or service is considered to be transferred when the customer receives the goods or service or obtains control. Control refers to the customer’s ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, an asset. All of our performance obligations, and associated revenue, are transferred to customers at a point in time. Based on our contracts, we invoice customers once our performance obligations have been satisfied, at which point payment is unconditional. We disclose receivables from contracts with customers separately in the statement of financial position. Payment for goods or services sold by us is typically due between 30 and 60 days after an invoice is sent to the customer. 

The transaction price of a contract is the amount of consideration which we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer. Prescription products are sold at fixed wholesale acquisition cost, or WAC, determined based on our list price. However, the total transaction price is variable as it is calculated net of estimated product returns, chargebacks, rebates, coupons, discounts and wholesaler fees. These estimates are based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable (if the amount is payable to the customer) or a current liability (if the amount is payable to a party other than a customer). In order to determine the transaction price, we estimate the amount of variable consideration at the outset of the contract either utilizing the expected value or most likely amount method, depending on the facts and circumstances relative to the contract or each variable consideration. The estimated amount of variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. In determining amounts of variable consideration to include in a contract’s transaction price, we rely on our historical experience and other evidence that supports our qualitative assessment of whether revenue would be subject to a significant reversal. We consider all the facts and circumstances associated with both the risk of a revenue reversal arising from an uncertain future event and the magnitude of the reversal if that uncertain event were to occur. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from our estimates. If actual results in the future vary from our original estimates, we will adjust these estimates, which would affect net product revenue and earnings in the period such changes in estimates become known.

We accept returns of unsalable prescription products sold through wholesale distributors within a return period of six months prior to and up to 12 months following product expiration. Our prescription products currently have a shelf life of 24 months from the date of manufacture. We do not allow product returns for prescription products that have been dispensed to a patient. We estimate the amount of our product sales that may be returned by our customers and record this estimate as a reduction of revenue in the period the related product revenue is recognized. Where historical rates of return exist, we use history as a basis to establish a returns reserve for products shipped to wholesalers. For our newly launched products, for which the right of return exists but for which we currently do not have history of product returns, we estimate returns based on available industry data, our own sales information and our visibility into the inventory remaining in the distribution channel. At the end of each reporting period, we may decide to constrain revenue for product returns based on information from various sources, including channel inventory levels and dating and sell-through data, the expiration dates of products currently being shipped, price changes of competitive products and any introductions of generic products. We recognize the amount of expected returns as a refund liability, representing the obligation to return the customer’s consideration. Since our returns primarily consist of expired and short dated products that will not be resold, we do not record a return asset for the right to recover the goods returned by the customer at the time of the initial sale (when recognition of revenue is deferred due to the anticipated return). Return estimates are recorded in the accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

We offer various rebate and discount programs in an effort to maintain a competitive position in the marketplace and to promote sales and customer loyalty. We estimate the allowance for consumer rebates and coupons that we have offered based on our experience and industry averages, which is reviewed, and adjusted if necessary, on a quarterly basis. Estimates relating to these rebates and coupons are deducted from gross product revenues at the time the revenues are recognized. We record distributor fees based on amounts stated in contracts. Rebate and coupon estimates and distributor fees are recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. We estimate chargebacks based on number of units sold during the period taking into account prices stated in contracts and our historical experience. Estimates related to distributors fees, rebates, coupons and returns are disclosed in Note 7. We provide invoice discounts to our customers for prompt payment. Estimates relating to invoice discounts and chargebacks are deducted from gross product revenues at the time the revenues are recognized.

As part of the commercial launch for IMVEXXY® during the third quarter of 2018, we introduced a co-pay assistance program where enrolled patients do not pay more than $35 for up to 12 IMVEXXY® prescription fills. This allows patients to access the product at a reasonable cost regardless of insurance coverage.  We reimburse pharmacies for this discount through third-party vendors.  We consider these payments as consideration paid to the customer and reflect such payments as a reduction of the transaction price as we do not receive a distinct good or service related to these payments. The variable consideration is estimated based on contract prices, the estimated percentage of patients that will utilize the copay assistance, the average assistance paid, the estimated levels of inventory in the distribution channel and the current level of prescriptions covered by patients’ insurance. Payers may change coverage levels for IMVEXXY® positively or negatively, at any time up to the time that we have formally contracted coverage with the payer. As such, the net transaction price of IMVEXXY® is susceptible to such changes in coverage levels, which are outside the influence of the Company. As a result, we constrain revenue recognized for IMVEXXY® to an amount that will not result in a significant revenue reversal in future periods. Our ability to estimate the net transaction price for IMVEXXY® is constrained by our estimates of the amount to be paid for the co-pay assistance program for IMVEXXY® which is directly related to the level of prescriptions paid for by insurance.  As such, we record an accrual to reduce gross sales for the estimated co-pay and other patient assistance based on currently available third-party data and our internal analyses. We re-evaluate any constraint each reporting period. 

OTC Products

Our over the counter, or OTC, and prescription prenatal vitamin products are generally variations of the same product with slight modifications in formulation and marketing. As of January 1, 2017, we decided to focus on selling our prescription vitamins and ceased manufacturing and distributing our OTC product lines, except for Iron 21/7 which we ceased manufacturing in October 2017. We generated OTC revenue from product sales primarily to retail consumers. We recognized revenue from product sales upon shipment, when the rights of ownership and risk of loss have passed to the consumer. We included outbound shipping and handling fees, if any, in revenues, net, and bill them upon shipment. We included shipping expenses in cost of goods sold. A majority of our OTC customers paid for our products with credit cards, and we usually received the cash settlement in two to three banking days. Credit card sales minimized accounts receivable balances relative to OTC sales. We provided an unconditional 30-day money-back return policy under which we accept product returns from our retail and eCommerce OTC customers. We recognized revenue from OTC sales, net of estimated returns and sales discounts.

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by product mix for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:

	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Prescription vitamins	$	15,041,259	$	16,744,831	$	18,854,984
IMVEXXY®		1,058,201		—		—
OTC products		—		32,882		501,466
Net revenue	$	16,099,460	$	16,777,713	$	19,356,450

Segment Reporting

We are managed and operated as one business, which is focused on creating and commercializing products targeted exclusively for women. Our business operations are managed by a single management team that reports to the President of our company. We do not operate separate lines of business with respect to any of our products and we do not prepare discrete financial information with respect to separate products. All product sales are derived from sales in the United States. Accordingly, we view our business as one reportable operating segment.

Shipping and Handling Costs

We expense all shipping and handling costs as incurred. We include these costs in cost of goods sold on the accompanying consolidated financial statements. 

Advertising Costs

We expense advertising costs when incurred. Advertising costs were $1,682,746, $448,288, and $752,611 during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development, or R&D, expenses include internal R&D activities, services of external contract research organizations, or CROs, costs of their clinical research sites, manufacturing, scale-up and validation costs, and other activities. Internal R&D activity expenses include laboratory supplies, salaries, benefits, and non-cash share-based compensation expenses. CRO activity expenses include preclinical laboratory experiments and clinical trial studies. Other activity expenses include regulatory consulting and legal fees and costs. The activities undertaken by our regulatory consultants that were classified as R&D expenses include assisting, consulting with, and advising our in-house staff with respect to various FDA submission processes, clinical trial processes, and scientific writing matters, including preparing protocols and FDA submissions. Legal activities that were classified as R&D expenses include professional research and advice regarding R&D, patents and regulatory matters. These consulting and legal expenses were direct costs associated with preparing, reviewing, and undertaking work for our clinical trials and investigative drugs. We charge internal R&D activities and other activity expenses to operations as incurred. We make payments to CROs based on agreed-upon terms, which may include payments in advance of a study starting date. We expense nonrefundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future R&D activities when the activity has been performed or when the goods have been received rather than when the payment is made. We review and accrue CRO expenses and clinical trial study expenses based on services performed and rely on estimates of those costs applicable to the completion stage of a study as provided by CROs. Estimated accrued CRO costs are subject to revisions as such studies progress to completion. We charge revisions to expense in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known.

Earnings Per Share

We calculate earnings per share, or EPS, in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, which requires the computation and disclosure of two EPS amounts: basic and diluted. We compute basic EPS based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, or Common Stock, outstanding during the period. We compute diluted EPS based on the weighted-average number of shares of our Common Stock outstanding plus all potentially dilutive shares of our Common Stock outstanding during the period. Such potentially dilutive shares of our Common Stock consist of options, warrants and restricted stock awards and were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive due to the net loss reported by us. The table below presents potentially dilutive securities that could affect our calculation of diluted net loss per share allocable to common stockholders for the periods presented.

	As of December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Stock options		20,872,824		23,365,225		21,767,854
Warrants		3,007,571		3,115,905		12,060,071
Restricted stock awards		1,040,000		—		—
		24,920,395		26,481,130		33,827,925

Concentration of Credit Risk and other Risks and Uncertainties

Financial instruments that potentially expose us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and trade accounts receivable. Cash is on deposit with financial institutions in the United States and these deposits generally exceed the amount of insurance provided by the FDIC. We have not experienced any historical losses on its deposits of cash.

Concentration of credit risk with respect to our trade accounts receivable from our customers is primarily limited to drug wholesalers and retail pharmacy distributors. Credit is extended to our customers based on an evaluation of a customer’s financial condition, and collateral is not required. 

Use of Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make significant estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates, including those related to contingencies, on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ, at times in material amounts, from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2018-13 which eliminates certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements for all entities, requires public entities to disclose certain new information and modifies some disclosure requirements. The FASB developed the amendments to ASC 820 as part of its broader disclosure framework project, which aims to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements by focusing on requirements that clearly communicate the most important information to users of the financial statements. The new guidance is effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and for interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity is permitted to early adopt either the entire standard or only the provisions that eliminate or modify requirements. We are currently evaluating the effect of this guidance on our disclosures.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07 to simplify the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees by aligning it with the accounting for share-based payments to employees, with certain exceptions. The new guidance expands the scope of ASC 718 to include share-based payments granted to nonemployees in exchange for goods or services used or consumed in an entity’s own operations and supersedes the guidance in ASC 505-50. The guidance is effective for public business entities in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted, including in an interim period for which financial statements have not been issued, but not before an entity adopts ASC 606. We do not expect that the adoption of this standard will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. This guidance requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheets but recognize expenses on their income statements in a manner similar to current accounting. The guidance also eliminates current real estate-specific provisions for all entities. For lessors, the guidance modifies the classification criteria and the accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases. The standard is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted for all entities. In July 2018, the FASB amended the new leases standard and issued ASU 2018-11, Leases, (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements to give entities another option for transition and to provide lessors with a practical expedient. We plan to adopt ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019 utilizing the alternative transition method allowed for under ASU 2018-11. While we are still finalizing the quantitative and qualitative impact of adopting this new standard and the subsequent amendments, the most significant impact is expected to be the recognition of a right of use asset and lease liability on our statement of financial position related to the operating leases for our new and existing office space. We elected the optional transition method of recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings on January 1, 2019. Therefore, comparative financial information will not be adjusted and will continue to be reported under ASC 840. We also elected the transition relief package of practical expedients and as a result we will not assess 1) whether existing or expired contracts contain leases, 2) lease classification for any existing or expired leases, and 3) whether lease origination costs qualified as initial direct costs. We elected the short-term lease practical expedient by establishing an accounting policy to exclude leases with a term of 12 months or less. We will not separate lease components from non-lease components for our specified asset classes. Based on our preliminary calculations, we currently expect to recognize right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability between $4 million to $5 million on our Consolidated Balance Sheet based on the present value of future minimum lease payments under operating leases in effect on January 1, 2019.  Additionally, the adoption of the new standard will result in increased disclosure requirements in our quarterly and annual filings.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In doing so, companies will need to use more judgment and make more estimates than under previous guidance. This may include identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. In July 2015, the FASB approved the proposal to defer the effective date of ASU 2014-09 standard by one year. Early adoption is permitted after December 15, 2016, and the standard is effective for public entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods therein. In 2016, the FASB issued final amendments to clarify the implementation guidance for principal versus agent considerations (ASU 2016-08), accounting for licenses of intellectual property and identifying performance obligations (ASU 2016-10), narrow-scope improvements and practical expedients (ASU 2016-12) and technical corrections and improvements to topic 606 (ASU 2016-20) in its new revenue standard. We adopted this standard under the modified retrospective method to all contracts not completed as of January 1, 2018 and the adoption did not have a material effect on our financial statements but we expanded our disclosures related to contracts with customers.

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB (including its Emerging Issues Task Force), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the SEC did not, and are not expected to, have a material effect on our results of operations or financial position.