Trade Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Trade accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms. We review accounts receivable for uncollectible accounts and credit card charge-backs and provide an allowance for doubtful accounts, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information, and existing economic conditions. We consider trade accounts receivable past due for more than 90 days to be delinquent. We write off delinquent receivables against our allowance for doubtful accounts based on individual credit evaluations, the results of collection efforts, and specific circumstances of customers. We record recoveries of accounts previously written off when received as an increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts. To the extent data we use to calculate these estimates does not accurately reflect bad debts, adjustments to these reserves may be required.

Revenue Recognition

We adopted Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 606 on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. ASC 606 states that a contract is considered “completed” if all (or substantially all) of the revenue was recognized in accordance with revenue guidance that was in effect before the date of initial application. Because all (or substantially all) of the revenue related to sales of our products has been recognized under ASC 605 prior to the date of initial application of the new standard, the contracts are considered completed under the ASC 606. Based on our evaluation of ASC 606, we concluded that a cumulative adjustment was not necessary upon implementation of ASC 606 on January 1, 2018.

In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods or services. The provisions of ASC 606 include a five-step process by which we determine revenue recognition, depicting the transfer of goods or services to customers in amounts reflecting the payment to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASC 606 requires us to apply the following steps: (1) identify the contract with the customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when, or as, we satisfy the performance obligation.

Prescription Products

As of June 30, 2018, we have not recognized any revenue related to our recently approved product: IMVEXXY™.

We sell our name brand and generic prescription products primarily through wholesale distributors and retail pharmacy distributors. We have one performance obligation related to prescription products sold through wholesale distributors which is to transfer promised goods to a customer and two performance obligations related to products sold through retail pharmacy distributors, which are to: (1) transfer promised goods and (2) provide customer service for an immaterial fee. We treat shipping as a fulfillment activity rather than as a separate obligation. We recognize prescription revenue only when we satisfy performance obligations by transferring a promised good or service to a customer. A good or service is considered to be transferred when the customer receives the goods or service or obtains control. Control refers to the customer’s ability to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from, an asset. All of our performance obligations, and associated revenue, are transferred to customers at a point in time. Payment for goods or services sold by us is typically due between 30 and 60 days after an invoice is sent to the customer.

The transaction price of a contract is the amount of consideration which we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer. Prescription products are sold at fixed wholesale acquisition cost, or WAC, determined based on our list price. However, the total transaction price is variable as it is calculated net of estimated product returns, chargebacks, rebates, coupons, discounts and wholesaler fees. In order to determine the transaction price, we estimate the amount of variable consideration at the outset of the contract either utilizing the expected value or most likely amount method, depending on the facts and circumstances relative to the contract or each variable consideration. We include amounts of variable consideration in a contract’s transaction price only to the extent that we have a relatively high level of confidence that the amounts will not be subject to significant reversals, that is, downward adjustments to revenue recognized for satisfied performance obligations. In determining amounts of variable consideration to include in a contract’s transaction price, we rely on our historical experience and other evidence that supports our qualitative assessment of whether revenue would be subject to a significant reversal. We consider all the facts and circumstances associated with both the risk of a revenue reversal arising from an uncertain future event and the magnitude of the reversal if that uncertain event were to occur. When determining if variable consideration should be constrained, we consider whether there are factors outside our control that could result in a significant reversal of revenue. In making these assessments, we consider the likelihood and magnitude of a potential reversal of revenue. These estimates are re-assessed each reporting period as required.

We accept returns of unsalable prescription products sold through wholesale distributors within a return period of six months prior to and up to 12 months following product expiration. Our prescription products currently have a shelf life of 24 months from the date of manufacture. We recognize the amount of expected returns as a refund liability, representing the obligation to return the customer’s consideration. Since our returns primarily consist of expired and short dated products that will not be resold, we do not record a return asset for the right to recover the goods returned by the customer at the time of the initial sale (when recognition of revenue is deferred due to the anticipated return). Return estimates are recorded in the other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

We offer various rebate and discount programs in an effort to maintain a competitive position in the marketplace and to promote sales and customer loyalty. We estimate the allowance for consumer rebates and coupons that we have offered based on our experience and industry averages, which is reviewed, and adjusted if necessary, on a quarterly basis. Estimates relating to these rebates and coupons are deducted from gross product revenues at the time the revenues are recognized. We record distributor fees based on amounts stated in contracts. Rebates estimates are recorded in accrued expenses and coupon estimates and distributor fees are recorded in the other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. We estimate chargebacks based on prices stated in contracts based the number of units sold each period. We provide invoice discounts to our customers for prompt payment. We deduct invoice discounts and chargebacks from our gross product revenues at the time such discounts are earned by customers.

OTC Products

Our OTC and prescription prenatal vitamin products are generally variations of the same product with slight modifications in formulation and marketing. As of January 1, 2017, we decided to focus on selling our prescription vitamins and ceased manufacturing and distributing our OTC product lines, except for Iron 21/7 which we ceased manufacturing in October 2017. We generate OTC revenue from product sales primarily to retail consumers. We recognize revenue from product sales upon shipment, when the rights of ownership and risk of loss have passed to the consumer. We include outbound shipping and handling fees, if any, in revenues, net, and bill them upon shipment. We include shipping expenses in cost of goods sold. A majority of our OTC customers pay for our products with credit cards, and we usually receive the cash settlement in two to three banking days. Credit card sales minimize accounts receivable balances relative to OTC sales. We provide an unconditional 30-day money-back return policy under which we accept product returns from our retail and eCommerce OTC customers. We recognize revenue from OTC sales, net of estimated returns and sales discounts.

Disaggregation of revenue

We sell our name brand and generic prescription products primarily through wholesale distributors and retail pharmacy distributors which accounted for all sales during 2018 and the vast majority of sales during 2017. As of January 1, 2017, we decided to focus on selling our prescription vitamins and ceased manufacturing and distributing our OTC product lines, except for Iron 21/7 which we ceased manufacturing in October 2017. The sales of Iron 21/7 during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were approximately $0 and $12,000, respectively, and $0 and $20,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Contract assets and contract liabilities

Based on our contracts, we invoice customers once our performance obligations have been satisfied, at which point payment is unconditional. Accordingly, our contracts do not give rise to contract assets or liabilities under ASC 606. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. We disclose receivables from contracts with customers separately in the statement of financial position. Estimates related to cash discounts and chargebacks are included in net accounts receivable. Estimates related to distributors fees, rebates, coupons and returns are disclosed in Note 8.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development, or R&D, expenses include internal R&D activities, services of external contract research organizations, or CROs, costs of their clinical research sites, manufacturing, scale-up and validation costs, and other activities. Internal R&D activity expenses include laboratory supplies, salaries, benefits, and non-cash share-based compensation expenses. CRO activity expenses include preclinical laboratory experiments and clinical trial studies. Other activity expenses include regulatory consulting and legal fees and costs. The activities undertaken by our regulatory consultants that were classified as R&D expenses include assisting, consulting with, and advising our in-house staff with respect to various U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or the FDA, submission processes, clinical trial processes, and scientific writing matters, including preparing protocols and FDA submissions. Legal activities that were classified as R&D expenses include professional research and advice regarding R&D, patents and regulatory matters. These consulting and legal expenses were direct costs associated with preparing, reviewing, and undertaking work for our clinical trials and investigative drugs. We charge internal R&D activities and other activity expenses to operations as incurred. We make payments to CROs based on agreed-upon terms, which may include payments in advance of a study starting date. We expense nonrefundable advance payments for goods and services that will be used in future R&D activities when the activity has been performed or when the goods have been received rather than when the payment is made. We review and accrue CRO expenses and clinical trial study expenses based on services performed and rely on estimates of those costs applicable to the completion stage of a study as provided by CROs. Estimated accrued CRO costs are subject to revisions as such studies progress to completion. We charge revisions expense in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known.