Business, Basis of Presentation, New Accounting Standards and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Business, Basis of Presentation, New Accounting Standards and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Business, basis of presentation, new accounting standards and summary of significant accounting policies

1. Business, basis of presentation, new accounting standards and summary of significant accounting policies

General

TherapeuticsMD, Inc. (the “Company”), a Nevada corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries are referred to collectively in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (“10-K Report”) as “TherapeuticsMD,” “we,” “our” and “us.” This 10-K Report includes trademarks, trade names and service marks, such as TherapeuticsMD®, vitaMedMD®, BocaGreenMD® , IMVEXXY®, and BIJUVA®, which are protected under applicable intellectual property laws and are the property of, or licensed by or to, us. Solely for convenience, trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this 10-K Report may appear without the ®, TM or SM symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the right of the applicable licensor to these trademarks, trade names and service marks. We do not intend our use or display of other parties’ trademarks, trade names or service marks to imply, and such use or display should not be construed to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other parties.

TherapeuticsMD was previously a women’s healthcare company with a mission of creating and commercializing innovative products to support the lifespan of women from pregnancy prevention through menopause. In December 2022, we changed our business to become a pharmaceutical royalty company, currently receiving royalties on products licensed to pharmaceutical organizations that possess commercial capabilities in the relevant territories. On December 30, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), we completed a transaction (the “Mayne Transaction”) with Mayne Pharma LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Mayne Pharma”) and subsidiary of Mayne Pharma Group Limited, an Australian public company, in which we and our subsidiaries (i) granted Mayne Pharma an exclusive license to commercialize our IMVEXXY, BIJUVA and prescription prenatal vitamin products sold under the BocaGreenMD and vitaMedMD brands (collectively, the “Licensed Products”) in the United States and its possessions and territories, (ii) assigned to Mayne Pharma our exclusive license to commercialize ANNOVERA® (together with the Licensed Products, collectively, the “Products”) in the United States and its possessions and territories, and (iii) sold certain other assets to Mayne Pharma in connection therewith.

In a License Agreement, dated December 4, 2022, between TherapeuticsMD and Mayne Pharma (the “Mayne License Agreement”), we granted Mayne Pharma, on the Closing Date, (i) an exclusive, sublicensable, perpetual, irrevocable license to research, develop, register, manufacture, have manufactured, market, sell, use, and commercialize the Licensed Products in the United States and its possessions and territories and (ii) an exclusive, sublicensable, perpetual, irrevocable license to manufacture, have manufactured, import and have imported the Licensed Products outside the United States for commercialization in the United States and its possessions and territories.

Under the Mayne License Agreement, Mayne Pharma will pay us milestone payments of each of (i) $5.0 million if aggregate net sales of all Products in the United States during a calendar year reach $100.0 million, (ii) $10.0 million if aggregate net sales of all Products in the United States during a calendar year reach $200.0 million and (iii) $15.0 million if aggregate net sales of all Products in the United States during a calendar year reach $300.0 million. Further, Mayne Pharma will pay us royalties on net sales of all Products in the United States at a royalty rate of 8.0% on the first $80.0 million in annual net sales and 7.5% on annual net sales above $80.0 million, subject to certain adjustments, for a period of 20 years following the Closing Date. The royalty rate will decrease to 2.0% on a Product-by-Product basis upon the earlier to occur of (i) the expiration or revocation of the last patent covering a Product and (ii) a generic version of a Product launching in the United States. Mayne Pharma will pay us minimum annual royalties of $3.0 million per year for 12 years, adjusted for inflation at an annual rate of 3%, subject to certain further adjustments, including as described below. Upon the expiry of the 20-year royalty term, the licenses granted to Mayne Pharma under the Mayne License Agreement will become a fully paid-up and royalty free license for the Licensed Products.  

Under the Transaction Agreement, dated December 4, 2022, between TherapeuticsMD and Mayne Pharma (the “Transaction Agreement”), we sold to Mayne Pharma, at closing, certain assets for Mayne Pharma to commercialize the Products in the United States, including, with the Population Council’s consent, our exclusive license from the Population Council to commercialize ANNOVERA (the “Transferred Assets”).

The total consideration from Mayne Pharma to TherapeuticsMD for the purchase of the Transferred Assets under the Transaction Agreement and the grant of the licenses under the Mayne License Agreement was (i) a cash payment of $140.0 million at closing, (ii) a cash payment of approximately $12.1 million at closing for the acquisition of net working capital as determined in accordance with the Transaction Agreement and subject to certain adjustments, (iii) a cash payment of approximately $1.0 million at closing for prepaid royalties in connection with the Mayne License Agreement Amendment (as defined below) and (iv) the right to receive the contingent consideration set forth in the Mayne License Agreement, as amended. The acquisition of net working capital was determined in accordance with the Transaction Agreement and included significant estimates which could change materially for a period of up to two years following the Closing Date. 

On the Closing Date, TherapeuticsMD and Mayne Pharma entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Mayne License Agreement (the “Mayne License Agreement Amendment”). Pursuant to the Mayne License Agreement Amendment, Mayne Pharma agreed to pay us approximately $1.0 million in prepaid royalties on the Closing Date. The prepaid royalties reduced the first four quarterly payments that would have otherwise been payable pursuant to the Mayne License Agreement by an amount equal to $257 thousand per quarterly royalty payment plus interest calculated at 19% per annum accruing from the Closing Date until the date such quarterly royalty payment was paid to us. We and Mayne Pharma settled the $1.5 million of consideration due to Mayne Pharma for the assumed obligations under a long-term services agreement, including our minimum payment obligations thereunder. As the parties agreed, during the second quarter of 2023 Mayne Pharma held back our royalty payment of $0.6 million and we funded an additional $0.9 million in August 2023 to settle the original $1.5 million payable.

As part of the transformation that included the Mayne License Agreement, all results associated with former commercial operations have been reflected as discontinued operations in our consolidated financial statements. Assets and liabilities associated with the commercial business are classified as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations in our consolidated balance sheets. Additional disclosures regarding discontinued operations are provided in Note 2 of our consolidated financial statements.

We also have license agreements with strategic partners to commercialize IMVEXXY and BIJUVA outside of the U.S.  

● In July 2018, we entered into a license and supply agreement (the “Knight License Agreement”) with Knight Therapeutics Inc. (“Knight”) pursuant to which we granted Knight an exclusive license to commercialize IMVEXXY and BIJUVA in Canada and Israel. Knight obtained regulatory approval for IMVEXXY and BIJUVA and began commercialization efforts in 2024.

● In September 2019, we entered into an exclusive license and supply agreement (the “Theramex License Agreement”) with Theramex HQ UK Limited (“Theramex”) to commercialize IMVEXXY and BIJUVA outside of the U.S., excluding Canada and Israel. In 2021, Theramex secured regulatory approval for BIJUVA in certain European countries and began commercialization efforts in those countries.

● In December 2024, we transferred the right to commercialize IMVEXXY and BIJUVA in Israel from Knight to Theramex.

In connection with our transformation into a pharmaceutical royalty company, the termination of our executive management team (except for Mr. Marlan Walker, our former General Counsel and current Chief Executive Officer) and all other employees was completed by December 31, 2022. Severance obligations for all employees other than executive officers were paid in full in January 2023 and severance obligations for terminated executive officers have been paid in accordance with their employment agreements and separation agreements as previously disclosed. As of December 31, 2023 and 2024, we employed one full-time employee primarily engaged in an executive position.

We have engaged external consultants who support our relationship with current partners and assist with certain financial, IT, legal, and regulatory matters and the continued wind-down of our historical business operations. On August 15, 2023, we entered into a master services agreement with JZ Advisory Group, pursuant to which Joseph Ziegler serves as our Principal Financial and Accounting Officer.

Going concern

Following the transaction with Mayne Pharma, our primary source of revenue is from royalties on products licensed to pharmaceutical organizations that possess commercial capabilities in the relevant territories. We may need to raise additional capital to provide additional liquidity to fund our operations until we become cash flow positive. To address our capital needs, we may pursue various equity and debt financing and other alternatives. The equity financing alternatives may include the private placement of equity, equity-linked, or other similar instruments or obligations with one or more investors, lenders, or other institutional counterparties or an underwritten public equity or equity-linked securities offering. Our ability to sell equity securities may be limited by market conditions, including the market price of our common stock, and our available authorized shares.

To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of such securities, the ownership interests of our existing stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these new securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our existing stockholders. If we are not successful in obtaining additional financing, we could be forced to discontinue or curtail our business operations, sell assets at unfavorable prices, or merge, consolidate, or combine with a company with greater financial resources in a transaction that might be unfavorable to us.

On May 1, 2023, we entered into a Subscription Agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with Rubric Capital Management LP (“Rubric”), pursuant to which we agreed to sell to Rubric, or one or more of its affiliates, up to an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share (our “Common Stock”), from time to time during the term of the Subscription Agreement in separate draw-downs at our election. On June 29, 2023, we issued and sold 312,525 shares of Common Stock at a price per share equal to $3.6797 pursuant to the Subscription Agreement. We received gross proceeds of $1.15 million from the draw down, before expenses. On November 15, 2023, Rubric drew down an additional 877,192 shares of Common Stock at a price per share equal to $2.2761. We received gross proceeds of $2.0 million from the drawdown, before expenses. There were no draw downs in 2024.

In February 2024, the Company received Mayne Pharma’s calculation of the net working capital allowances for payer rebates and wholesale distributor fees pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, which differed significantly from the Company’s estimate of the allowances. The Company continues to believe its estimated allowances for payer rebates and wholesale distributor fees are reasonable and intends to resolve this matter through the processes permitted in the Transaction Agreement. The outcome of this matter is uncertain at this point. As a result, the Company cannot reasonably estimate a range of loss, and accordingly, the Company has not accrued any additional liability associated with Mayne Pharma’s allowance calculation for payer rebates and wholesale distributor fees, particularly as the Company believes the outcome of this matter to be intertwined with the resolution of the net working capital allowance for returns.

In August 2024, the Company received information from Mayne Pharma pertaining to the net working capital allowance for returns that differs significantly from the Company’s estimate of the allowance. As of December 31, 2024, the Company believed no additional accrual was required for amounts that may be owed for the allowance for returns under the Transaction Agreement. The Company has not recorded any contingent gains or receivables for any such allowances. Management continues to monitor the unresolved and pending net working capital items as changes to estimated amounts owed or amounts due from Mayne Pharma may be material.

If Mayne Pharma’s sales of Licensed Products grow more slowly than expected or decline, including as a result of Mayne Pharma Group’s pending sale to Cosette Pharmaceuticals, Inc., if the net working capital settlement with Mayne Pharma under the Transaction Agreement is greater than our current estimates, if we are unsuccessful with future financings or the supply chains related to the third-party contract manufacturers are worse than we anticipate, our existing cash reserves may be insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements. The potential impact of these factors in conjunction with the uncertainty of the capital markets raises substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern for the next twelve months from the issuance of these financial statements.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern.

A. Basis of presentation

The consolidated financial statements and related notes include our parent company and all wholly owned subsidiaries. The consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Our fiscal year-end is as of and for the year ended December 31st for each year presented. All intercompany transactions among our businesses have been eliminated.

As part of the transformation and as a result of the Mayne Transaction, all results associated with former commercial operations have been reflected as discontinued operations in the consolidated financial statements. Assets and liabilities associated with the commercial business are classified as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations in the consolidated balance sheet. Additional disclosures regarding discontinued operations are provided in Note 2 of these consolidated financial statements.

Certain amounts in the notes to the consolidated financial statements may not add due to rounding. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current-period presentation.

B. New accounting standards

Adoption of new accounting standards

As of December 2024, we have adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Update 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“Update 2023-07”). Accounting Standards Update 2023-07 applies to all public entities that are required to report segment information in accordance with Topic 280. The amendments in Update 2023-07 revise reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments in Update 2023-07 do not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments.

In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2024-03, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” The ASU requires additional disclosures by disaggregating the costs and expense line items that are presented on the face of the income statement. The disaggregation includes: (i) amounts of purchased inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and other related costs and expenses; (ii) an explanation of costs and expenses that are not disaggregated on a quantitative basis; and (iii) the definition and total amount of selling expenses. ASU 2024-03 is effective for our Annual Report on Form 10-K beginning in 2027 and subsequent interim reports. Early adoption is permitted. The ASU should be applied prospectively. Retrospective application is permitted for all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is evaluating the impact of ASU 2024-03 on our financial reporting disclosures. 

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” ASU 2023-09 enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 will be effective for the Company in its income tax disclosure included in its 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K and will be applied on a prospective basis. However, retrospective application is permitted. Early adoption is also permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-09 on the Company’s income tax disclosures and on its consolidated financial statements.

C. Discontinued Operations

Discontinued operations comprise activities that were disposed of at the end of the period, represent a separate major line of business that can be clearly distinguished for operational and financial reporting purposes and represent a business shift having a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results according to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205, Presentation of Financial Statements. In 2022, we started classifying commercial activities as discontinued operations due to the cessation of these operations. No amounts for shared general and administrative operating support expense were allocated to discontinued operations. As required by the terms of the Financing Agreement, dated as of April 24, 2019, as amended, with Sixth Street Specialty Lending, Inc., as administrative agent, the various lenders from time-to-time party thereto, and certain of our subsidiaries party thereto from time to time as guarantors, the proceeds from both transactions were used to fully repay our outstanding debt borrowings. As a result, interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs as well as expense for accretion of Series A Preferred Stock and loss on extinguishment of debt are included within income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax. Additionally, the related assets and liabilities have been reported as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. For additional information, see Note 2 - Discontinued Operations. 

D. Estimates and assumptions

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We evaluate our estimated assumptions based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ, at times in material amounts, from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

E. Cash and Restricted Cash

For the purpose of the statements of cash flows, all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. The carrying value of these investments approximates fair value.

We maintain cash at financial institutions that at times may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insured limits of $250 thousand per bank. We have never experienced any losses related to these funds.

F. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price to sell an asset or transfer a liability and therefore represents an exit price in the principal market (or in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market). It represents a market-based measurement that contemplates a hypothetical transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The unique characteristics of an asset or liability and the availability of observable prices affect the number of valuation approaches and/or techniques used in a fair value analysis. We measure fair value using observable and unobservable inputs. We give the highest priority to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 inputs) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs).

We apply the following fair value hierarchy:

● Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

● Level 2 - Quoted prices in non-active markets or in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, observable inputs other than quoted prices; and inputs that are not directly observable but are corroborated by observable market data.

● Level 3 - Inputs that are unobservable.

The carrying amount of our cash, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair value because of the short-term maturity of such instruments, which are considered Level 1 under the fair value hierarchy.

G. License rights and other intangibles assets

We record license rights and other intangible assets at cost, which includes external costs, consisting primary of legal costs, incurred in securing our patents and trademarks.

Intangible assets subject to amortization, such as patents, are amortized over the useful life of the patent using the straight-line method. If the patent is not successfully granted, we write off any capitalized patent costs at that time. Intangible assets not subject to amortization, such as trademarks, are perpetual and have indefinite lives.

We review license rights and other intangible assets subject to amortization on a periodic basis to determine whether events and circumstances would indicate impairment or warrant a revision to their remaining useful lives. We assess other intangible assets not subject to amortization for potential impairment semi-annually during the second and fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the intangible assets below their carrying value.

H. Segment reporting

We manage and operate as one business, which prior to December 2022 was focused on creating and commercializing products targeted exclusively for women and after we signed Mayne License Agreement, is focused on collecting royalties from licensing our products. Our business is led by our chief executive officer, who is our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”). We do not operate separate lines of business with respect to any of our products, and we do not prepare discrete financial information with respect to separate products. Accordingly, we view our business as one reportable operating segment.

I. Revenue recognition

We determine the amount of revenue to be recognized through application of the following steps:

● Identification of the contract with a customer;

● Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;

● Determination of the transaction price;

● Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

● Recognition of revenue when or as we satisfy the performance obligations.

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a product or service to a customer. A good or service is considered to be transferred when the customer receives the goods or service or obtains control, and we treat shipping as a fulfillment activity rather than as a separate obligation. We generally recognize revenue at a point in time when all of our performance obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services. The collectability of consideration on the contract is reasonably assured before revenue is recognized. To the extent that customer payment has been received before all recognition criteria are met, these revenues are initially deferred in other accruals on the balance sheet and the revenue is recognized in the period that all recognition criteria have been met.

License revenue

License arrangements may consist of non-refundable upfront license fees, exclusive licensed rights to patented or patent pending technology, and various performance or sales milestones and future product royalty payments. Some of these arrangements may include multiple performance obligations. Non-refundable up-front fees that are not contingent on any future performance by us, and do not require continuing involvement on our part, are recognized as revenue when the right to use functional intellectual property is transferred to the customer.

On December 30, 2022, we granted an exclusive license to commercialize our prescription products and assigning the Company’s exclusive license to commercialize ANNOVERA to Mayne Pharma, which resulted in a business shift that had a major effect on our operations and financial results. As part of the transformation that included the Mayne License Agreement, all results associated with former commercial operations have been reflected as discontinued operations in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for all periods prior to the Closing Date. As of December 31, 2022, we are no longer directly engaged in the sale of prescription products.

Under the terms of the Mayne License Agreement, we received $140 million at closing and we are eligible to receive additional payments in the aggregate of up to an additional $30 million, based on the achievement of sales milestones (collectively, the “Milestone Amounts”). The proceeds at closing were allocated between consideration for the sale of ANNOVERA and the initial license fee for the Licensed Products, as the sale of ANNOVERA was accounted for under ASC 610-20, Gains and Losses from Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets in arriving at the gain on disposal (see Note 2), while the license grant of the other products were recognized under the provisions of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as a license of functional intellectual property. The proceeds were allocated among the Licensed Products on the relative net present value of forecasted future product sales from those products. The Milestone Amounts will be recognized, as applicable, in subsequent periods based on actual product sales that exceed the respective net sales milestones as such variable consideration is constrained by the occurrence of the subsequent sales.

Our royalty revenue in 2024 and 2023 primarily related to royalties provided for under the Mayne License Agreement based on Mayne Pharma’s sales of the licensed products subject to that agreement. Under the Mayne License Agreement, the Company is entitled to earn royalties on net sales of all of the Licensed Products at a royalty rate of (i) 8% on the first $80 million of net sales of the Licensed Products and (ii) 7.5% on net sales of all of the Licensed Products after the first $80 million of net sales. The royalty rate is subject to a 2% reduction upon the earlier to occur of (i) the expiration or revocation of the last valid claim covering a Licensed Product, and (ii) a generic product launch (a “LOE”). We are entitled to minimum annual royalties beginning with the year ending December 31, 2023 ($3 million annual minimum) and continuing with 3% annual increases through the year ending December 31, 2034 (the “Minimum Annual Royalty”). The total Minimum Annual Royalty we are entitled to is $42.6 million, and this total amount was allocated among the Licensed Products on the relative net present value of forecasted future product sales from those products. The portion allocated to consideration for the sale of ANNOVERA was attributed towards the gain on disposal of that asset. For the remaining portion allocated to the license grants for the other products, we determined that the minimum guarantee underlying the Minimum Annual Royalty should be treated as fixed consideration and recognized under ASC 606 at the point in time when the license was transferred. Since the Minimum Annual Royalty will be received in annual installments through 2034, we determined the transaction price allocated under ASC 606 contained a significant financing component, and we therefore determined the initial royalty revenue and corresponding receivable based on the present value of the allocated Minimum Annual Royalty. The present value was calculated using a discount rate of 10.45%, based on the credit characteristics of Mayne Pharma and the timing of future payments, and the value will be accreted to full value through the earlier of January 1, 2034, or a LOE. This royalty receivable is a contract asset as of December 31, 2023 and 2024, and is further subject to offset by Mayne Pharma (see J. Contract Assets and Liabilities below).

Royalty revenue earned in excess of the Minimum Annual Royalty will be recognized under ASC 606, which provides revenue recognition constraints by requiring the recognition of revenue at the later of the following: 1) when the subsequent sale occurs or 2) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the sales-based royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied). We applied the royalty recognition constraint required under the guidance for sales-based royalties, which requires a sales-based royalty to be recorded no sooner than the underlying sale. Therefore, royalties on sales of products commercialized by Mayne Pharma will be recognized in the subsequent periods that the Licensed Products are sold.

In 2024, we recorded BIJUVA license sales of $443 thousand made through the Theramex License Agreement, BIJUVA and IMVEXXY license sales of $195 thousand through the Knight License Agreement and $1,123 thousand pertaining to our licensed products with Mayne Pharma, which was recognized as license revenue. Additionally, we recognized $1,083 thousand in other income pertaining to royalty sales of ANNOVERA.

In 2023, we recorded BIJUVA license sales of $268 thousand made through the Theramex License Agreement and $1,003 thousand pertaining to our licensed products with Mayne Pharma, which was recognized as license revenue. Additionally, we recognized $490 thousand in other income pertaining to royalty sales of ANNOVERA.

J. Contract Assets and Liabilities

Contract assets totaling $19,572 thousand and $21,574 thousand as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, include royalties recognized from the Minimum Annual Royalty (see I. Revenue Recognition above).

K. Share-based payment awards

We account for share-based payment awards on a fair value basis of the equity instrument issued. Under fair value accounting, the grant-date fair value of the share-based payment award is amortized as compensation expense, on a straight-line basis, over the service period (generally, the vesting period) for both graded and cliff vesting awards. We have elected to account for forfeitures as they occur.

Increase of authorized shares

On June 26, 2023, at our combined 2022 and 2023 Annual Meeting, our stockholders approved an amendment to our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of Common Stock from 12 million shares to 32 million shares.

L. Income taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating loss and income tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in income tax rates is recorded as a component of the income tax provision in the period that includes the enactment date.

Regular assessments are made on the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from our future taxable income. Our evaluation is based on estimates, assumptions, and includes an analysis of available positive and negative evidence, giving weight based on the evidence’s relative objectivity. Sources of positive evidence include estimates of future taxable income, future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, taxable income in carryback years, and available tax planning strategies. Sources of negative evidence include current and cumulative losses in recent years, losses expected in early future years, any history of operating losses or tax credit carryforwards expiring unused, and unsettled circumstances that, if unfavorably resolved, would adversely affect future profit levels.

The remaining carrying value of our deferred tax assets, after recording the valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets, is based on our present belief that it is more likely than not that we will be able to generate sufficient future taxable income to utilize such deferred tax assets. The amount of the remaining deferred tax assets considered recoverable could be adjusted if our estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period change favorably or unfavorably. To the extent we believe that it is more likely than not that some or all the remaining deferred tax assets will not be realized, we must establish a valuation allowance against those deferred tax assets, resulting in additional income tax expense in the period such determination is made. To the extent a valuation allowance currently exists, we will continue to monitor all positive and negative evidence until we believe it is more likely than not that it is no longer necessary, resulting in an income tax benefit in the period such determination is made.

Our policy is to recognize both interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as part of the income tax provision. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our tax positions, and in determining our provisions for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. We establish reserves when, despite our belief that the income tax return positions are fully supportable, certain positions are likely to be challenged and we may ultimately not prevail in defending those positions.

M. Earnings per common share

Basic earnings or loss per common share is computed by dividing net income or loss available to common stockholders by the sum of the weighted average number of shares of common stock. Diluted earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the sum of the weighted average number of shares of common stock and the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if our outstanding potentially dilutive securities had been issued. Potentially dilutive securities include awards of non-vested or vested and not settled restricted stock units, performance stock units where the performance requirements have been met and not settled, warrants and options. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted earnings per common share by application of the treasury stock method, except if its impact is anti-dilutive. Under the treasury stock method, an increase in the fair market value of our common stock can result in a greater dilutive effect from potentially dilutive securities.

N. Leases

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Determining whether a contract contains a lease includes judgment regarding whether the contract conveys the right to control the use of identified property or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

We account for our lease-related assets and liabilities based on their classification as operating leases or finance leases, following the relevant accounting guidance. For all the lessee arrangements, we have elected an accounting policy to combine non-lease components with the related-lease components and treat the combined items as a lease for accounting purposes. We measure lease related assets and liabilities based on the present value of lease payments, including in-substance fixed payments, variable payments that depend on an index or rate measured at the commencement date, and the amount we believe is probable we will pay the lessor under residual value guarantees when applicable. We discount lease payments based on our estimated incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement (or modification), which is primarily based on our estimated credit rating, the lease term at commencement, and the contract currency of the lease arrangement. We have elected to exclude short-term leases (leases with an original lease term less than one year) from the measurement of lease-related assets and liabilities.

We test right-of-use assets in an operating or finance lease at the asset group level (because these assets are long-lived nonfinancial assets and should be accounted for the same way as other long-lived nonfinancial assets) whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.

We sublease our unoccupied facilities to third parties. Any impairment to the associated right-of-use asset, leasehold improvements, or other assets as a result of the sublease is recognized in the period when a decision to sublease is made and recorded in our consolidated statement of operations. We recognize sublease income on a straight-line basis over the sublease term.

O. Loss Contingencies

In determining whether an accrual for a loss contingency is required, we first assess the likelihood of occurrence of the future event or events that will confirm the loss. When a loss is probable (the future event or events are likely to occur) and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the estimated loss is accrued. If the reasonable estimate of the loss is a range and an amount within the range appears to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range, that amount should be accrued. However, if no amount within the range is a better estimate, the minimum amount in the range should be accrued. When a loss is reasonably possible (the chance of the future event or events occurring is more than remote but less than likely), no accrual is recognized. See Note 7 for more information.

P. Restructuring charges

There were no restructuring costs incurred during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

At December 31, 2023, $2,459 thousand of restructuring costs were included in current liabilities of discontinued operations in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.