16.Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share

Basic earnings (loss) per common share are computed by dividing income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per common share assumes the issuance of common shares for all potentially dilutive securities outstanding.

The reconciliation of the amounts used to compute basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share from operations follows (in millions, except per share amounts):



	Years ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Net income (loss) attributable to Corning Incorporated	$	1,066	$	(497)	$	3,695
Less: Series A convertible preferred stock dividend		98		98		98
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders - basic		968		(595)		3,597
Plus: Series A convertible preferred stock dividend		98				98
Net income (loss) available to common stockholders - diluted	$	1,066	$	(595)	$	3,695

Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic		816		895		1,020
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options and other dilutive securities		10				9
Series A convertible preferred stock (1)		115				115
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted		941		895		1,144
Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	1.19	$	(0.66)	$	3.53
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	1.13	$	(0.66)	$	3.23

Anti-dilutive potential shares excluded from diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
Series A convertible preferred stock dividend (1)				115
Employee stock options and awards		2		13		15
Accelerated share repurchase forward contract
Total		2		128		15

(1)

For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Series A preferred stock was anti-dilutive and therefore excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share.