Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We hold available-for-sale fixed maturity securities and equity securities, which are carried at fair value.

Fair value measurements are generally based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our view of market assumptions in the absence of observable market information. We utilize valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. All assets and liabilities carried at fair value are required to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:


•	Level 1 - Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.


•	Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs or whose significant value drivers are observable.


•	Level 3 - Instruments whose significant value drivers are unobservable.

Level 1 primarily consists of financial instruments whose value is based on quoted market prices such as U.S. Treasury securities and actively traded mutual fund and stock investments.

Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued by independent pricing services or broker quotes. These models are primarily industry-standard models that consider various inputs, such as interest rates, credit spreads and foreign exchange rates for the underlying financial instruments. All significant inputs are observable, or derived from observable information in the marketplace or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. Financial instruments in this category primarily include corporate securities, U.S. Government-sponsored enterprise securities, municipal securities and certain mortgage and asset-backed securities.

Level 3 is comprised of financial instruments whose fair value is estimated based on non-binding broker prices utilizing significant inputs not based on or corroborated by readily available market information. This category consists of two private placement mortgage-backed securities.

The following tables set forth our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates indicated.



	September 30, 2016
Available-for-sale investments	Level 1		Level 2	Level 3	Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Financial assets:
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	12,914	8,972	—	21,886
States and political subdivisions	—		554,669	—	554,669
Corporate	—		295,922	—	295,922
Commercial mortgage-backed	—		—	75	75
Residential mortgage-backed	—		2,533	—	2,533
Foreign governments	—		132	—	132
Total fixed maturities	12,914		862,228	75	875,217
Equity securities:
Stock mutual funds	2,923		—	—	2,923
Bond mutual funds	18,970		—	—	18,970
Common stock	24		—	—	24
Preferred stock	1,430		—	—	1,430
Total equity securities	23,347		—	—	23,347
Total financial assets	$	36,261	862,228	75	898,564



	December 31, 2015
Available-for-sale investments	Level 1		Level 2	Level 3	Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Financial assets:
Fixed maturities:
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises	$	12,592	20,780	—	33,372
States and political subdivisions	—		483,049	—	483,049
Corporate	—		216,081	—	216,081
Commercial mortgage-backed	—		—	145	145
Residential mortgage-backed	—		2,870	—	2,870
Foreign governments	—		131	—	131
Total fixed maturities	12,592		722,911	145	735,648
Equity securities:
Stock mutual funds	3,033		—	—	3,033
Bond mutual funds	18,504		—	—	18,504
Common stock	43		—	—	43
Preferred stock	1,858		—	—	1,858
Total equity securities	23,438		—	—	23,438
Total financial assets	$	36,030	722,911	145	759,086

Financial Instruments Valuation

Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale. At September 30, 2016, our fixed maturity securities, valued using a third-party pricing source, totaled $862.2 million for Level 2 assets and comprised 96.0% of total reported fair value of our financial assets. The Level 1 and Level 2 valuations are reviewed and updated quarterly through random testing by comparisons to separate pricing models, other third-party pricing services, and back tested to recent trades. In addition, we obtain information relative to the third-party pricing models and review model parameters for reasonableness. Fair values for Level 3 assets are based upon unadjusted broker quotes that are non-binding, and consist of two private placement mortgage-backed securities with a total value of $0.1 million. Our Level 3 assets are current relative to principal and interest payments and are considered immaterial to our financial statements. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, there were no material changes to the valuation methods or assumptions used to determine fair values, and no broker or third party prices were changed from the values received.

Equity securities, available-for-sale. Our available-for-sale equity securities are classified as Level 1 assets as their fair values are based upon quoted market prices.

The following table presents additional information about fixed maturity securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis that are classified as Level 3 assets and for which we have utilized significant unobservable inputs to determine fair value.



	September 30, 2016			December 31, 2015
	(In thousands)

Balance at beginning of period	$	145		231
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
Included in net income	—			—
Included in other comprehensive income	(3		)	(2	)
Principal paydowns	(67		)	(84	)
Transfer in and (out) of Level 3	—			—
Balance at end of period	$	75		145

We review the fair value hierarchy classifications each reporting period. Changes in the observability of the valuation attributes may result in a reclassification of certain financial assets. Such reclassifications are reported as transfers in and out of Level 3 at the beginning fair value for the reporting period in which the changes occur. There were no transfers in or out of Level 1 or 2.

Financial Instruments not Carried at Fair Value

Estimates of fair values are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market prices and information about the financial instruments. The estimated fair values of financial instruments presented below are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company might realize in actual market transactions.

The carrying amount and fair value for the financial assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets not otherwise disclosed for the periods indicated are as follows:



	September 30, 2016			December 31, 2015
	Carrying Value		Fair Value	Carrying Value	Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Financial assets:
Fixed maturities, held-to-maturity	$	251,637	264,176	259,953	264,966
Mortgage loans	237		274	594	617
Policy loans	64,714		64,714	60,166	60,166
Short-term investments	514		514	251	251
Cash and cash equivalents	32,323		32,323	82,827	82,827
Financial liabilities:
Annuity - investment contracts	49,618		51,485	46,905	47,222

Fair values for fixed income securities, which are characterized as Level 2 assets in the fair value hierarchy, are based on quoted market prices for the same or similar securities. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other assumptions, including a discount rate and estimates of future cash flows.

Mortgage loans are secured principally by residential and commercial properties. Weighted average interest rates for these loans were approximately 6.8% as of September 30, 2016 and 6.2% at December 31, 2015, with maturities ranging from 1 to 26 years. Management estimated the fair value using an annual interest rate of 6.3% at September 30, 2016. Our mortgage loans are considered Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

Policy loans had a weighted average annual interest rate of 7.7% as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, and no specified maturity dates. The aggregate fair value of policy loans approximates the carrying value reflected on the consolidated balance sheets. These loans typically carry an interest rate that is tied to the crediting rate applied to the related policy and contract reserves. Policy loans are an integral part of the life insurance policies we have in force, cannot be valued separately and are not marketable. Therefore, the fair value of policy loans approximates the carrying value and policy loans are considered Level 3 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of short-term investments approximate carrying value due to their short-term nature. Our short-term investments are considered Level 2 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximate carrying value and are characterized as Level 1 assets in the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of the Company's liabilities under annuity contract policies, which are considered Level 3 assets, was estimated at September 30, 2016 using discounted cash flows based upon a swap rate curve with interest rates ranging from 1.02% to 3.21% based upon swap rates adjusted for various risk adjustments. The fair value of liabilities under all insurance contracts are taken into consideration in the overall management of interest rate risk, which seeks to minimize exposure to changing interest rates through the matching of investment maturities with amounts due under insurance contracts.