General	9 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
General	General The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Comtech Telecommunications Corp. and its subsidiaries ("Comtech," "we," "us," or "our") as of and for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024 are unaudited. In the opinion of management, the information furnished reflects all material adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the unaudited interim periods. Our results of operations for such periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full fiscal year. The preparation of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reported period. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2024 and the notes thereto contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, and all of our other filings with the SEC. During the nine months ended April 30, 2025, we reclassified warrant liabilities as of July 31, 2024 from "Other Liabilities" to "Warrant and Derivative Liabilities" on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets to conform to the current period presentation. Liquidity and Going Concern Pursuant to the requirements of ASC Topic 205-40, Disclosure of Uncertainties About an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, we are required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. This evaluation does not take into consideration the potential mitigating effect of our plans that have not been fully implemented or are not within our control as of the date the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are issued. When substantial doubt exists, we are required to evaluate whether the mitigating effect of our plans sufficiently alleviates substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The mitigating effect of our plans, however, is only considered if both (i) it is probable that the plans will be effectively implemented within one year after the date that the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are issued, and (ii) it is probable that the plans, when implemented, will mitigate the relevant conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are issued. As of the date these financial statements were issued (the "issuance date"), we evaluated whether the following conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern over the next twelve months beyond the issuance date. Over the past three fiscal years, we incurred operating losses of $79,890,000, $14,660,000 and $33,752,000 in fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. More recently, we recognized an operating loss of $1,532,000 and $140,959,000 in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2025. In addition, over the past three fiscal years, net cash used in operating activities was $54,495,000 and $4,433,000 in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively, and net cash provided by operating activities was $1,997,000 in fiscal 2022. More recently, net cash used in operating activities was $19,739,000 in the nine months ended April 30, 2025. Our ability to meet future anticipated liquidity needs over the next year beyond the issuance date will largely depend on our ability to generate positive cash inflows from operations, maximize our borrowing capacity under our Credit Facility, as discussed further below, and/or secure other sources of outside capital. While we believe we will be able to generate sufficient positive cash inflows, maximize our borrowing capacity and secure outside capital, there can be no assurance our plans will be successfully implemented and, as such, we may be unable to continue as a going concern over the next year beyond the issuance date. As discussed further in Note (10) – Credit Facility, on June 17, 2024, we entered into a credit facility with a new syndicate of lenders, which replaced our prior credit facility. As further discussed below, we subsequently amended the credit facility on October 17, 2024 and March 3, 2025 (the "Credit Facility"). The Credit Facility consists of a committed $162,000,000 term loan (“Term Loan”) and $56,821,000 revolving loan (“Revolver Loan”). At April 30, 2025 and June 6, 2025 (the date closest to the issuance date), total outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility were $168,008,000. At April 30, 2025 and June 6, 2025, $23,416,000 was drawn on the Revolver Loan. As of the issuance date, our available sources of liquidity approximate $27,258,000, consisting of qualified cash and cash equivalents and the remaining available portion of the committed Revolver Loan. The Credit Facility was amended on October 17, 2024 (the "First Amendment") which, among other things: (i) waived all defaults under the Credit Facility, specifically in connection with our Net Leverage Ratio and Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio covenants as of July 31, 2024; (ii) increased the interest rate margins applicable to the Term Loan to 12.00% per annum for Base Rate Loans and 13.00% per annum for SOFR Loans and increased interest rate margins applicable to the Revolving Loan by 1.00% at each level; (iii) permitted the incurrence of $25,000,000 of total unsecured subordinated debt (as described below); (iv) suspended testing of the Net Leverage Ratio and the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio covenants until January 31, 2025; (v) provided the lenders a consent right with respect to Revolver Loan borrowings above $32,500,000; and (vi) amended the maturity date to the earlier of: (x) July 31, 2028; or (y) 90 days prior to the earliest date that the debt under the Amended Subordinated Credit Facility (as defined below) becomes due and payable. The Credit Facility was amended again on March 3, 2025 (the "Second Amendment") which, among other things: (i) waived all defaults under the Credit Facility, specifically in connection with our Net Leverage Ratio and Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio covenants as of January 31, 2025; (ii) decreased the interest rate margins applicable to the Term Loan from 12.00% per annum to 9.50% per annum for Base Rate Loans and from 13.00% per annum to 10.50% per annum for SOFR Loans; (iii) permitted the incurrence of an additional $40,000,000 of total unsecured subordinated debt (as described below); (iv) suspended testing of the Net Leverage Ratio and the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio covenants until October 31, 2025; (v) suspended our ability to pay interest in-kind until after the interest rate margins are tested based on net leverage ratios; (vi) permitted partial principal repayments of $27,252,000 and $9,084,000 on the Term Loan and Revolving Loan, respectively, and waived the prepayment fees that would have been payable under the Credit Facility with regard to such repayments; (vii) permanently reduced commitments under the Revolving Loan Facility by $3,179,000 and provided the lenders a consent right with respect to Revolver Loan borrowings above $29,321,000; (viii) reduced the minimum quarterly average liquidity requirement from $20,000,000 to $17,500,000; and (ix) provided the lenders the right to appoint an independent director to our Board of Directors after May 31, 2025. The Credit Facility, as amended, requires compliance with restrictive and financial covenants, including: a maximum Net Leverage Ratio of 3.15x commencing with the four fiscal quarter period ending October 31, 2025; a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of 1.25x commencing with the four fiscal quarter period ending October 31, 2025; a minimum Average Liquidity requirement at each fiscal quarter end of $17,500,000; and a minimum EBITDA of $35,000,000 for the four fiscal quarter period ending October 31, 2025. Such covenants adjust under the Credit Facility in future periods. Over the next twelve months beyond the issuance date, we believe that it is probable we will not be able to comply with one or more of these covenants. As discussed further in Note (11) – Amended Subordinated Credit Facility, on October 17, 2024, we entered into a subordinated credit agreement (the "Subordinated Credit Agreement") with the existing holders of our Convertible Preferred Stock, which provided for an initial subordinated unsecured term loan facility in the aggregate principal amount of $25,000,000. On March 3, 2025, we entered into an amendment to the Subordinated Credit Agreement (the “Amended Subordinated Credit Facility”) which, in addition to providing incremental aggregate principal of $40,000,000, waived all defaults under the Subordinated Credit Agreement, specifically in connection with our Net Leverage Ratio and Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio covenants as of January 31, 2025 and suspends testing of the Net Leverage Ratio and the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio covenants under the Subordinated Credit Agreement until October 31, 2025. The net proceeds of the Amended Subordinated Credit Facility were principally used to repay a portion of the Term Loan and Revolving Loan on March 3, 2025 (as discussed above), fund our general working capital needs and enable us to negotiate the Second Amendment to the Credit Facility, including the waiver of existing defaults, as discussed above. At April 30, 2025 and June 6, 2025 (the date closest to the issuance date), total outstanding borrowings under the Amended Subordinated Credit Facility (excluding accreted interest and make-whole adjustments) were $65,000,000. Our ability to meet our current obligations as they become due may be impacted by our ability to remain compliant with the financial covenants required by the Credit Facility and Amended Subordinated Credit Facility, or to obtain future waivers or amendments from the lenders in the event compliance is not maintained. While we believe we will be able to secure such waivers or amendments, as needed, there can be no assurance such waivers or amendments will be secured or on terms that are acceptable to us. If we are unable to secure waivers or amendments, the lenders may declare an event of default, which would cause an immediate acceleration and repayment of all outstanding principal, interest and fees due under our Credit Facility and Amended Subordinated Credit Facility. Absent our ability to repay the forgoing amounts upon the declaration of an event of default, the lenders may exercise their rights and remedies under the Credit Facility and Amended Subordinated Credit Facility, which may include, among others, a seizure of substantially all of our assets and/or the liquidation of our operations. If an event of default occurs that allows the lenders to exercise these rights and remedies over the next year beyond the issuance date, we will be unable to continue as a going concern. As of the issuance date, our plans to address our ability to continue as a going concern include, among other things: •executing a strategy to transform Comtech including, but not limited to, the initiatives set forth below; •an exploration of strategic alternatives for our various businesses and product lines, including the potential sale or divestiture of assets or business lines; •the pursuit of further portfolio-shaping opportunities to enhance profitability, efficiency and focus; •the implementation of operational initiatives to reduce the cost structure and better align operating costs with revenue expectations; •pursuing initiatives to reduce investments in working capital, namely accounts receivable and inventory; •improving process disciplines to achieve operating profitability by entering into more favorable sales or service contracts; •reevaluating our business plans to identify opportunities (e.g., within each of our segments) to focus future investment on our most strategic, high-margin revenue opportunities; •reevaluating our business plans to identify opportunities to reduce capital expenditures; and •seeking opportunities to improve liquidity through any combination of debt and/or equity financing (including potentially further amending our Credit Facility, Convertible Preferred Stock and/or Amended Subordinated Credit Facility). While we believe the implementation of some or all of the elements of our plans over the next year beyond the issuance date will be successful, these plans are not all solely within management’s control and, as such, we can provide no assurance our plans are probable of being effectively implemented as of the issuance date. Therefore, as described above, there are uncertainties that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared on the basis that we will continue to operate as a going concern, which contemplates we will be able to realize assets and settle liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. CEO Transition Costs and Related On March 12, 2024, we terminated Ken Peterman, our then Chairman and CEO, for cause and the Board of Directors (the "Board") appointed John Ratigan as interim CEO and Mark Quinlan as Chairman of the Board ("Chairman"). Prior to the changes, John Ratigan served as our Chief Corporate Development Officer and Mark Quinlan served as a member of our Board. Upon termination of his employment, Ken Peterman was deemed to have resigned from his position as Chairman and as a director pursuant to his employment contract. On October 28, 2024, the Board appointed John Ratigan as our President and CEO. On October 31, 2024, Kenneth H. Traub was appointed as an independent member of the Board. On November 26, 2024, Kenneth H. Traub was appointed Executive Chairman and Mark Quinlan resigned from his position as Chairman while remaining as a member of the Board. Also on November 26, 2024, Lieutenant General (Retired) Bruce T. Crawford, was appointed Lead Independent Director. On January 13, 2025, the Board appointed Kenneth H. Traub as President and CEO in addition to his current role as Chairman, replacing John Ratigan effective immediately. Pursuant to his separation agreement and release, John Ratigan resigned from his position as President and CEO and as a member of the Board. During the three months ended April 30, 2025, CEO transition costs were $805,000 and consisted primarily of legal expenses related to a former CEO and expense related to a sign-on bonus for our current CEO. During the nine months ended April 30, 2025, we recorded a $1,072,000 net expense associated with our CEO transition-related activities. Such net expense primarily represents legal expenses related to a former CEO, severance related to another former CEO, third party CEO search firm expenses and expense related to a sign-on bonus for our current CEO. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2024, we recorded expense of $2,492,000 associated with our CEO transition-related activities, which primarily consisted of legal expenses related to a former CEO. CEO transition-related costs are expensed in our Unallocated segment. Proxy Solicitation Costs On November 17, 2024, we entered into a cooperation agreement (the “Cooperation Agreement”) with Fred Kornberg, Michael Porcelain and Oleg Timoshenko (collectively the “Investor Group”). Pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement, our Board appointed Michael J. Hildebrandt to serve on the Board and agreed to nominate, support and recommend Mr. Hildebrandt for election at our Fiscal 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "2024 Annual Meeting"). Also, we agreed not to renominate two incumbent directors for election at the 2024 Annual Meeting and the Investor Group agreed to withdraw its nomination of candidates for election to the Board at the 2024 Annual Meeting to, instead, support our slate of directors for election. Pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement, we and the Investor Group will cooperate to identify an additional candidate to be appointed to the Board at a later date as an independent director. During the nine months ended April 30, 2025, we incurred $2,682,000 in proxy solicitation costs, consisting principally of legal and advisory fees. There were no similar costs in the corresponding period of the prior year.

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Comtech Telecommunications Corp. and its subsidiaries ("Comtech," "we," "us," or "our") as of and for the three and nine months ended April 30, 2025 and 2024 are unaudited. In the opinion of management, the information furnished reflects all material adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the unaudited interim periods. Our results of operations for such periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full fiscal year.

The preparation of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reported period. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2024 and the notes thereto contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, and all of our other filings with the SEC.

Pursuant to the requirements of ASC Topic 205-40, Disclosure of Uncertainties About an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, we are required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. This evaluation does not take into consideration the potential mitigating effect of our plans that have not been fully implemented or are not within our control as of the date the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are issued. When substantial doubt exists, we are required to evaluate whether the mitigating effect of our plans sufficiently alleviates substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The mitigating effect of our plans, however, is only considered if both (i) it is probable that the plans will be effectively implemented within one year after the date that the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are issued, and (ii) it is probable that the plans, when implemented, will mitigate the relevant conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are issued.

Over the past three fiscal years, we incurred operating losses of $79,890,000, $14,660,000 and $33,752,000 in fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. More recently, we recognized an operating loss of $1,532,000 and $140,959,000 in the three and nine months ended April 30, 2025. In addition, over the past three fiscal years, net cash used in operating activities was $54,495,000 and $4,433,000 in fiscal 2024 and 2023, respectively, and net cash provided by operating activities was $1,997,000 in fiscal 2022. More recently, net cash used in operating activities was $19,739,000 in the nine months ended April 30, 2025. Our ability to meet future anticipated liquidity needs over the next year beyond the issuance date will largely depend on our ability to generate positive cash inflows from operations, maximize our borrowing capacity under our Credit Facility, as discussed further below, and/or secure other sources of outside capital. While we believe we will be able to generate sufficient positive cash inflows, maximize our borrowing capacity and secure outside capital, there can be no assurance our plans will be successfully implemented and, as such, we may be unable to continue as a going concern over the next year beyond the issuance date.

As discussed further in Note (10) – Credit Facility, on June 17, 2024, we entered into a credit facility with a new syndicate of lenders, which replaced our prior credit facility. As further discussed below, we subsequently amended the credit facility on October 17, 2024 and March 3, 2025 (the "Credit Facility"). The Credit Facility consists of a committed $162,000,000 term loan (“Term Loan”) and $56,821,000 revolving loan (“Revolver Loan”). At April 30, 2025 and June 6, 2025 (the date closest to the issuance date), total outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility were $168,008,000. At April 30, 2025 and June 6, 2025, $23,416,000 was drawn on the Revolver Loan. As of the issuance date, our available sources of liquidity approximate $27,258,000, consisting of qualified cash and cash equivalents and the remaining available portion of the committed Revolver Loan.

The Credit Facility was amended on October 17, 2024 (the "First Amendment") which, among other things: (i) waived all defaults under the Credit Facility, specifically in connection with our Net Leverage Ratio and Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio covenants as of July 31, 2024; (ii) increased the interest rate margins applicable to the Term Loan to 12.00% per annum for Base Rate Loans and 13.00% per annum for SOFR Loans and increased interest rate margins applicable to the Revolving Loan by 1.00% at each level; (iii) permitted the incurrence of $25,000,000 of total unsecured subordinated debt (as described below); (iv) suspended testing of the Net Leverage Ratio and the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio covenants until January 31, 2025; (v) provided the lenders a consent right with respect to Revolver Loan borrowings above $32,500,000; and (vi) amended the maturity date to the earlier of: (x) July 31, 2028; or (y) 90 days prior to the earliest date that the debt under the Amended Subordinated Credit Facility (as defined below) becomes due and payable.

The Credit Facility was amended again on March 3, 2025 (the "Second Amendment") which, among other things: (i) waived all defaults under the Credit Facility, specifically in connection with our Net Leverage Ratio and Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio covenants as of January 31, 2025; (ii) decreased the interest rate margins applicable to the Term Loan from 12.00% per annum to 9.50% per annum for Base Rate Loans and from 13.00% per annum to 10.50% per annum for SOFR Loans; (iii) permitted the incurrence of an additional $40,000,000 of total unsecured subordinated debt (as described below); (iv) suspended testing of the Net Leverage Ratio and the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio covenants until October 31, 2025; (v) suspended our ability to pay interest in-kind until after the interest rate margins are tested based on net leverage ratios; (vi) permitted partial principal repayments of $27,252,000 and $9,084,000 on the Term Loan and Revolving Loan, respectively, and waived the prepayment fees that would have been payable under the Credit Facility with regard to such repayments; (vii) permanently reduced commitments under the Revolving Loan Facility by $3,179,000 and provided the lenders a consent right with respect to Revolver Loan borrowings above $29,321,000; (viii) reduced the minimum quarterly average liquidity requirement from $20,000,000 to $17,500,000; and (ix) provided the lenders the right to appoint an independent director to our Board of Directors after May 31, 2025.

The Credit Facility, as amended, requires compliance with restrictive and financial covenants, including: a maximum Net Leverage Ratio of 3.15x commencing with the four fiscal quarter period ending October 31, 2025; a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio of 1.25x commencing with the four fiscal quarter period ending October 31, 2025; a minimum Average Liquidity requirement at each fiscal quarter end of $17,500,000; and a minimum EBITDA of $35,000,000 for the four fiscal quarter period ending October 31, 2025. Such covenants adjust under the Credit Facility in future periods. Over the next twelve months beyond the issuance date, we believe that it is probable we will not be able to comply with one or more of these covenants.

As discussed further in Note (11) – Amended Subordinated Credit Facility, on October 17, 2024, we entered into a subordinated credit agreement (the "Subordinated Credit Agreement") with the existing holders of our Convertible Preferred Stock, which provided for an initial subordinated unsecured term loan facility in the aggregate principal amount of $25,000,000. On March 3, 2025, we entered into an amendment to the Subordinated Credit Agreement (the “Amended Subordinated Credit Facility”) which, in addition to providing incremental aggregate principal of $40,000,000, waived all defaults under the Subordinated Credit Agreement, specifically in connection with our Net Leverage Ratio and Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio covenants as of January 31, 2025 and suspends testing of the Net Leverage Ratio and the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio covenants under the Subordinated Credit Agreement until October 31, 2025. The net proceeds of the Amended Subordinated Credit Facility were principally used to repay a portion of the Term Loan and Revolving Loan on March 3, 2025 (as discussed above), fund our general working capital needs and enable us to negotiate the Second Amendment to the Credit Facility, including the waiver of existing defaults, as discussed above. At April 30, 2025 and June 6, 2025 (the date closest to the issuance date), total outstanding borrowings under the Amended Subordinated Credit Facility (excluding accreted interest and make-whole adjustments) were $65,000,000.

Our ability to meet our current obligations as they become due may be impacted by our ability to remain compliant with the financial covenants required by the Credit Facility and Amended Subordinated Credit Facility, or to obtain future waivers or amendments from the lenders in the event compliance is not maintained. While we believe we will be able to secure such waivers or amendments, as needed, there can be no assurance such waivers or amendments will be secured or on terms that are acceptable to us. If we are unable to secure waivers or amendments, the lenders may declare an event of default, which would cause an immediate acceleration and repayment of all outstanding principal, interest and fees due under our Credit Facility and Amended Subordinated Credit Facility. Absent our ability to repay the forgoing amounts upon the declaration of an event of default, the lenders may exercise their rights and remedies under the Credit Facility and Amended Subordinated Credit Facility, which may include, among others, a seizure of substantially all of our assets and/or the liquidation of our operations. If an event of default occurs that allows the lenders to exercise these rights and remedies over the next year beyond the issuance date, we will be unable to continue as a going concern.

While we believe the implementation of some or all of the elements of our plans over the next year beyond the issuance date will be successful, these plans are not all solely within management’s control and, as such, we can provide no assurance our plans are probable of being effectively implemented as of the issuance date. Therefore, as described above, there are uncertainties that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared on the basis that we will continue to operate as a going concern, which contemplates we will be able to realize assets and settle liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

On March 12, 2024, we terminated Ken Peterman, our then Chairman and CEO, for cause and the Board of Directors (the "Board") appointed John Ratigan as interim CEO and Mark Quinlan as Chairman of the Board ("Chairman"). Prior to the changes, John Ratigan served as our Chief Corporate Development Officer and Mark Quinlan served as a member of our Board. Upon termination of his employment, Ken Peterman was deemed to have resigned from his position as Chairman and as a director pursuant to his employment contract.

On October 28, 2024, the Board appointed John Ratigan as our President and CEO. On October 31, 2024, Kenneth H. Traub was appointed as an independent member of the Board. On November 26, 2024, Kenneth H. Traub was appointed Executive Chairman and Mark Quinlan resigned from his position as Chairman while remaining as a member of the Board. Also on November 26, 2024, Lieutenant General (Retired) Bruce T. Crawford, was appointed Lead Independent Director.

On January 13, 2025, the Board appointed Kenneth H. Traub as President and CEO in addition to his current role as Chairman, replacing John Ratigan effective immediately. Pursuant to his separation agreement and release, John Ratigan resigned from his position as President and CEO and as a member of the Board.

During the three months ended April 30, 2025, CEO transition costs were $805,000 and consisted primarily of legal expenses related to a former CEO and expense related to a sign-on bonus for our current CEO. During the nine months ended April 30, 2025, we recorded a $1,072,000 net expense associated with our CEO transition-related activities. Such net expense primarily represents legal expenses related to a former CEO, severance related to another former CEO, third party CEO search firm expenses and expense related to a sign-on bonus for our current CEO. During the three and nine months ended April 30, 2024, we recorded expense of $2,492,000 associated with our CEO transition-related activities, which primarily consisted of legal expenses related to a former CEO. CEO transition-related costs are expensed in our Unallocated segment.

On November 17, 2024, we entered into a cooperation agreement (the “Cooperation Agreement”) with Fred Kornberg, Michael Porcelain and Oleg Timoshenko (collectively the “Investor Group”). Pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement, our Board appointed Michael J. Hildebrandt to serve on the Board and agreed to nominate, support and recommend Mr. Hildebrandt for election at our Fiscal 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "2024 Annual Meeting"). Also, we agreed not to renominate two incumbent directors for election at the 2024 Annual Meeting and the Investor Group agreed to withdraw its nomination of candidates for election to the Board at the 2024 Annual Meeting to, instead, support our slate of directors for election. Pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement, we and the Investor Group will cooperate to identify an additional candidate to be appointed to the Board at a later date as an independent director. During the nine months ended April 30, 2025, we incurred $2,682,000 in proxy solicitation costs, consisting principally of legal and advisory fees. There were no similar costs in the corresponding period of the prior year.