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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES –

Basis of Presentation

In management's opinion, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position of Comstock Resources, Inc. and subsidiaries ("Comstock" or the "Company") as of March 31, 2016, the related results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015. Net loss and comprehensive loss are the same in all periods presented.   All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature unless otherwise disclosed.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States have been omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although Comstock believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in Comstock's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily an indication of the results expected for the full year.

These unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Comstock and its wholly-owned and controlled subsidiaries.

Property and Equipment

The Company follows the successful efforts method of accounting for its oil and gas properties. Costs incurred to acquire oil and gas leasehold are capitalized.

At March 31, 2016, the Company reflected certain of its natural gas properties located in South Texas as assets held for sale in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.  The Company engaged financial advisors in February 2016 to sell the properties.  At March 31, 2016, these assets were reflected on the balance sheet at $42.5 million, representing their estimated net realizable value on a sale less costs to sell.  The Company has recognized an impairment charge of $20.8 million to adjust the carrying value of these assets to their net realizable value.  The impairment, which is a Level 3 fair value measurement, was computed using a discounted cash flow valuation approach which is consistent with the Company's methodology for determining impairments of its proved oil and gas properties. The asset retirement obligation related to these properties of $3.4 million is included in accrued liabilities.  During 2016 and 2015, the Company sold certain oil and gas properties for total proceeds of $0.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2016 and $102.5 million in the third quarter of 2015.  Results of operations for the properties that were sold or are being held for sale were as follows:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended 

March 31,

 

 

2016

 

  

2015

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Total oil and gas sales

 

$

1,699

 

 

$

8,424

 

Total operating expenses(1)

 

 

(1,469

)

 

 

(54,087

)

Operating income (loss)

 

$

230

 

 

$

(45,663

)

 

 

(1)

Includes direct operating expenses, depreciation, depletion and amortization and exploration expense.  Excludes interest expense and general and administrative expenses.

 

In January 2016, the Company exchanged certain oil and gas properties with another operator in a non-monetary exchange.  Under the exchange, the Company received 3,637 net acres in DeSoto Parish, Louisiana, prospective for the Haynesville shale, including four producing wells (3.5 net).  The Company exchanged 2,547 net acres in Atascosa County, Texas, including seven producing wells (5.3 net) for the Haynesville shale properties.  The Company has recognized a gain of $0.7 million on this transaction which is included in the gain on exchange of oil and gas properties for the three months ended March 31, 2016.

Unproved oil and gas properties are periodically assessed and any impairment in value is charged to exploration expense. The costs of unproved properties which are determined to be productive are transferred to oil and gas properties and amortized on an equivalent unit-of-production basis. The Company recognized impairment charges in exploration expense of $7.8 million and $40.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, related to certain leases that the Company currently does not plan to develop.

The Company also assesses the need for an impairment of the capitalized costs for its proved oil and gas properties on a property basis. During the three months ended March 31, 2016, reductions to management's oil and natural gas price outlook resulted in indications of impairment of certain of the Company's properties.  Accordingly, the Company recognized additional impairments of its oil and gas properties of $1.9 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, to reduce the carrying value of these properties to their estimated fair value.

 

The Company determines the fair values of its oil and gas properties using a discounted cash flow model and proved and risk adjusted probable reserves.  Undrilled acreage can also be valued based on sales transactions in comparable areas.  Significant Level 3 assumptions associated with the calculation of discounted future cash flows included in the cash flow model include management's outlook for oil and natural gas prices, production costs, capital expenditures, and future production as well as estimated proved reserves and risk-adjusted probable reserves.  Management's oil and natural gas price outlook is developed based on third-party longer-term price forecasts as of each measurement date.  The expected future net cash flows are discounted using an appropriate discount rate in determining a property's fair value.

It is reasonably possible that the Company's estimates of undiscounted future net cash flows attributable to its oil and gas properties may change in the future.  The primary factors that may affect estimates of future cash flows include future adjustments, both positive and negative, to proved and appropriate risk-adjusted probable oil and gas reserves, results of future drilling activities, future prices for oil and natural gas, and increases or decreases in production and capital costs.  As a result of these changes, or if in the future the Company does not have access to sufficient capital to develop any undrilled reserves used in its assessment, there may be further impairments in the carrying values of these or other properties.

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consist of the following:

 

 

 

As of
March 31,
2016

 

  

As of
December 31,
2015

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Accrued interest

 

$

21,572

 

  

$

29,075

 

Accrued drilling costs

 

 

  

  

 

5,306

  

Accrued ad valorem taxes

 

 

1,200

 

 

 

 

Asset retirement obligation of assets held for sale

 

 

3,442

 

 

 

 

Other accrued liabilities

 

 

4,453

 

  

 

4,063

  

 

 

$

30,667

  

  

$

38,444

 

Reserve for Future Abandonment Costs

Comstock's asset retirement obligations relate to future plugging and abandonment expenses on its oil and gas properties and related facilities disposal. The following table summarizes the changes in Comstock's total estimated liability for such obligations during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended March 31,

 

 

 

2016

 

 

2015

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Future abandonment costs — beginning of period

 

$

20,093

 

 

$

14,900

 

Accretion expense

 

 

274

 

 

 

198

 

New wells placed on production

 

 

1

 

 

 

213

 

Assets held for sale

 

 

(3,442

)

 

 

 

Liabilities settled and assets disposed of

 

 

(826

)

 

 

 

Future abandonment costs — end of period

 

$

16,100

 

 

$

15,311

 

Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

Comstock periodically uses swaps, floors and collars to hedge oil and natural gas prices and interest rates. Swaps are settled monthly based on differences between the prices specified in the instruments and the settlement prices of futures contracts. Generally, when the applicable settlement price is less than the price specified in the contract, Comstock receives a settlement from the counterparty based on the difference multiplied by the volume or amounts hedged. Similarly, when the applicable settlement price exceeds the price specified in the contract, Comstock pays the counterparty based on the difference. Comstock generally receives a settlement from the counterparty for floors when the applicable settlement price is less than the price specified in the contract, which is based on the difference multiplied by the volumes hedged. For collars, generally Comstock receives a settlement from the counterparty when the settlement price is below the floor and pays a settlement to the counterparty when the settlement price exceeds the cap. No settlement occurs when the settlement price falls between the floor and cap. All of the Company's derivative financial instruments are used for risk management purposes and, by policy, none are held for trading or speculative purposes. Comstock minimizes credit risk to counterparties of its derivative financial instruments through formal credit policies, monitoring procedures, and diversification. All of Comstock's derivative financial instruments are with parties that are lenders under its bank credit facility. The Company is not required to provide any credit support to its counterparties other than cross collateralization with the assets securing its bank credit facility. None of the Company's derivative financial instruments involve payment or receipt of premiums.

As of March 31, 2016, the Company had the following outstanding commodity derivatives:

 

Commodity and Derivative Type

  

Weighted-Average
Contract Price

 

  

Contract Volume
(Mmbtu)

  

Contract Period

 

Natural Gas Price Swap Agreements

  

$3.20 per Mmbtu

  

  

900,000

  

April 2016 –

June 2016

  

  

None of the Company's derivative contracts have been designated as cash flow hedges. The Company recognizes cash settlements and changes in the fair value of its derivative financial instruments as a single component of other income (expenses). The Company recognized a gain of $0.7 million related to the change in fair value of its natural gas swap agreements during the three months ended March 31, 2016.  Cash settlements on the Company's natural gas derivative financial instruments were receipts of $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016.  The Company had no derivative financial instruments outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2015.  The estimated fair value and carrying value of the Company's derivative financial instruments was $1.1 million as of March 31, 2016, and was classified as a current asset.

Stock-Based Compensation

Comstock accounts for employee stock-based compensation under the fair value method. Compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized over the award vesting period. During the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recognized $1.3 million and $1.9 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense within general and administrative expenses related to awards of restricted stock and performance stock units to its employees and directors.

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company granted 998,091 shares of restricted stock with a grant date fair value of $1.1 million, or $1.11 per share, to its employees. The fair value of each restricted share on the date of grant was equal to its market price. As of March 31, 2016, Comstock had 1,822,604 shares of unvested restricted stock outstanding at a weighted average grant date fair value of $3.46 per share. Total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock grants of $5.1 million as of March 31, 2016 is expected to be recognized over a period of 2.2 years.

During the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company granted 300,064 performance share units ("PSUs") with a grant date fair value of $0.4 million, or $1.40 per unit, to its employees. As of March 31, 2016, Comstock had 673,133 PSUs outstanding at a weighted average grant date fair value of $4.42 per unit. The number of shares of common stock to be issued related to the PSUs is based on the Company's stock price performance as compared to its peers which could result in the issuance of anywhere from zero to 1,346,266 shares of common stock. Total unrecognized compensation cost related to these grants of $2.1 million as of March 31, 2016 is expected to be recognized over a period of 2.2 years.

As of March 31, 2016, Comstock had outstanding options to purchase 58,650 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $33.22 per share. All of the stock options were exercisable and there were no unrecognized compensation costs related to the stock options as of March 31, 2016. No stock options were granted or exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2016 or 2015.

Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes are provided to reflect the future tax consequences or benefits of differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements using enacted tax rates.  The deferred tax provision in the first three months of 2016 related to an increase in the Company's deferred income tax liability resulting from state tax law changes enacted during the period.  In recording deferred income tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of its deferred income tax assets will be realized in the future. The ultimate realization of deferred income tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those deferred income tax assets would be deductible. The Company believes that after considering all the available objective evidence, historical and prospective, with greater weight given to historical evidence, management is not able to determine that it is more likely than not that all of its deferred tax assets will be realized and, therefore, has recorded an additional valuation allowance of $19.7 million and $4.0 million against its net federal deferred tax assets and state deferred tax assets (net of the federal tax benefit), respectively, at March 31, 2016. The Company will continue to assess the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets considering all available information obtained in future reporting periods.

The following is an analysis of consolidated income tax expense (benefit):

 

 

Three Months Ended 

March 31,

 

 

2016

 

  

2015

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Current provision

 

$

14

 

 

$

63

 

Deferred provision (benefit)

 

 

4,446

 

 

 

(41,691

)

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

 

$

4,460

 

 

$

(41,628

)

 

The difference between the Company's effective tax rate and the 35% federal statutory rate is caused by valuation allowances on deferred taxes and state taxes.  The impact of these items varies based upon the Company's projected full year loss and the jurisdictions that are expected to generate the projected losses.  The difference between the Company's customary rate of 35% and the effective tax rate on the loss before income taxes is due to the following:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended 

March 31,

 

 

 

2016

 

  

2015

 

Tax at statutory rate

 

 

35.0

%

 

 

35.0

%

Tax effect of:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets

 

 

(45.4

)

 

 

 

State income taxes net of federal benefit

 

 

2.1

 

 

 

 

Other

 

 

(0.3

)

 

 

(0.3

)

Effective tax rate

 

 

(8.6

)%

 

34.7

%

 

The Company's federal income tax returns for the years subsequent to December 31, 2011, remain subject to examination. The Company's income tax returns in major state income tax jurisdictions remain subject to examination for the year ended December 31, 2008 and for various periods subsequent to December 31, 2010. A state tax return in one state jurisdiction is currently under review. The Company has evaluated the preliminary findings in this jurisdiction and believes it is more likely than not that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material effect on the Company's financial statements. The Company currently believes that all other significant filing positions are highly certain and that all of its other significant income tax positions and deductions would be sustained under audit or the final resolution would not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. Therefore, the Company has not established any significant reserves for uncertain tax positions.

Future use of the Company's federal and state net operating loss carryforwards may be limited in the event that a cumulative change in the ownership of Comstock's common stock by more than 50% occurs within a three-year period. Such a change in ownership could result in a substantial portion of Comstock's net operating loss carryforwards being eliminated or becoming restricted, and the Company may need to recognize an additional valuation allowance reflecting the restricted use of these net operating loss carryforwards in the period when such an ownership change occurred.  In October 2015, the Company established a rights plan to deter ownership changes that would trigger this limitation.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company holds or has held certain items that are required to be measured at fair value. These include cash and cash equivalents held in bank accounts and derivative financial instruments in the form of oil and natural gas price swap agreements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. A three-level hierarchy is followed for disclosure to show the extent and level of judgment used to estimate fair value measurements:

Level 1 – Inputs used to measure fair value are unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date.

Level 2 – Inputs used to measure fair value, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date through correlation with market data, including quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and quoted prices in markets that are not active. Level 2 also includes assets and liabilities that are valued using models or other pricing methodologies that do not require significant judgment since the input assumptions used in the models, such as interest rates and volatility factors, are corroborated by readily observable data from actively quoted markets for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 – Inputs used to measure fair value are unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and reflect the use of significant management judgment. These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management's estimates of market participant assumptions.

The Company's valuation of cash and cash equivalents is a Level 1 measurement. The Company's natural gas price swap agreements are not traded on a public exchange. Their value is determined utilizing a discounted cash flow model based on inputs that are readily available in public markets and, accordingly, the valuation of these swap agreements is categorized as a Level 2 measurement.

The following table summarizes financial assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value as of March 31, 2016:

 

 

 

Carrying
Value
Measured at
Fair Value at
March 31,
2016

 

  

Level 1

 

  

Level 2

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents held in bank accounts

 

$

89,323

  

  

$

89,323

  

  

$

  

Derivative financial instruments

 

 

1,104

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,104

 

Total assets

 

$

90,427

  

  

$

89,323

  

  

$

1,104

  

As of March 31, 2016, the Company's other financial instruments, comprised solely of its fixed rate debt, had a carrying value of $1.2 billion and a fair value of $415.4 million.  The fair market value of the Company's fixed rate debt was based on quoted prices as of March 31, 2016, a Level 2 measurement.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is determined without the effect of any outstanding potentially dilutive stock options or PSUs and diluted earnings per share is determined with the effect of outstanding stock options and PSUs that are potentially dilutive. Unvested share-based payment awards containing nonforfeitable rights to dividends are considered to be participatory securities and are included in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. PSUs represent the right to receive a number of shares of the Company's common stock that may range from zero to up to two times the number of PSUs granted on the award date based on the achievement of certain performance measures during a performance period. The number of potentially dilutive shares related to PSUs is based on the number of shares, if any, which would be issuable at the end of the respective period, assuming that date was the end of the contingency period. The treasury stock method is used to measure the dilutive effect of PSUs. Basic and diluted losses per share for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were determined as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

Three Months ended March 31,

 

 

 

2016

 

  

2015

 

 

 

Loss

 

  

Shares

 

  

Per
Share

 

  

Loss

 

 

Shares

 

  

Per
Share

 

 

 

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic and Diluted net loss attributable to common stock

 

$

(56,577

)

  

 

49,512

 

  

$

(1.14

)

  

$

(78,502

)

 

 

46,027

  

  

$

(1.71

)

 

At March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, 1,822,604 and 1,570,302 shares of restricted stock, respectively, are included in common stock outstanding as such shares have a nonforfeitable right to participate in any dividends that might be declared and have the right to vote on matters submitted to the Company's stockholders. Weighted average shares of unvested restricted stock outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended 

March 31,

 

 

 

2016

 

  

2015

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Unvested restricted stock

 

 

1,571

 

 

 

1,166

 

 

Options to purchase common stock and PSUs that were outstanding and that were excluded as anti-dilutive from the determination of diluted earnings per share are as follows:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended 

March 31,

 

 

 

2016

 

  

2015

 

 

 

(In thousands except per share/unit data)

 

Weighted average stock options

 

 

59

 

 

 

111

 

Weighted average exercise price per share

 

$

33.22

 

 

$

32.95

 

Weighted average performance share units

 

 

 

 

 

111

 

Weighted average grant date fair value per unit

 

$

 

 

$

9.13

 

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, the excluded options that were anti-dilutive were at exercise prices in excess of the average stock price. All stock options and unvested PSUs were anti-dilutive to earnings and excluded from weighted average shares used in the computation of earnings per share in the periods presented due to the net loss in those periods.

Supplementary Information With Respect to the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the purpose of the consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

The following is a summary of cash payments made for interest and income taxes:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended 

March 31,

 

 

 

2016

 

  

2015

 

 

 

(In thousands)

 

Interest payments

 

$

36,167

  

  

$

2,093

  

Income tax payments

 

$

1

  

  

$

11

  

The Company capitalizes interest on its unevaluated oil and gas property costs during periods when it is conducting exploration activity on this acreage. No interest was capitalized during the three months ended March 31, 2016.  The Company capitalized interest of $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2015 which reduced interest expense.

Recent accounting pronouncements

 

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ("ASU 2014-09"), which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under existing generally accepted accounting principles.  This new standard is based upon the principal that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted beginning with periods after December 15, 2016 and entities have the option of using either a full retrospective or modified approach to adopt ASU 2014-09. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance and has not determined the impact this standard may have on its financial statements or decided upon the method of adoption.

 

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern ("ASU 2014-15"). ASU 2014-15 provides guidance about management's responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity's ability to continue as a going concern and sets rules for how this information should be disclosed in the financial statements. ASU 2014-15 is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016 and interim periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has elected to not adopt ASU 2014-15 early and does not expect adoption of ASU 2014-15 to have any impact on its consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, ("ASU 2016-02"). ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to put most leases on their balance sheets, but recognize lease costs in their financial statements in a manner similar to accounting for leases prior to ASC 2016-02.  ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2018 and interim periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted.  The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance and has not determined the impact this standard may have on its financial statements or decided upon the method of adoption.

 

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,  ("ASU 2016-09"). ASU 2016-09 will change how companies account for certain aspects of share-based payments, including recognizing the income tax effects of awards in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled.  ASC 2016-09 revises guidance on employers' accounting for employee's use of shares to satisfy the employer's statutory income tax withholding obligation and the treatment of forfeitures.  ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016 and interim periods thereafter. Early adoption is permitted, but all guidance must be adopted in the same period.  The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance and has not determined the impact this standard may have on its financial statements or decided upon the method of adoption.