﻿<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<InstanceReport xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
  <Version>2.2.0.7</Version>
  <hasSegments>false</hasSegments>
  <ReportName>Income Taxes (Unaudited)</ReportName>
  <ReportLongName>0207 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Unaudited)</ReportLongName>
  <DisplayLabelColumn>true</DisplayLabelColumn>
  <ShowElementNames>false</ShowElementNames>
  <RoundingOption />
  <HasEmbeddedReports>false</HasEmbeddedReports>
  <Columns>
    <Column>
      <LabelColumn>false</LabelColumn>
      <Id>1</Id>
      <Labels>
        <Label Id="1" Label="6 Months Ended" />
        <Label Id="2" Label="Jun. 30, 2010" />
      </Labels>
      <CurrencyCode>USD</CurrencyCode>
      <FootnoteIndexer />
      <hasSegments>false</hasSegments>
      <hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios>
      <Segments />
      <Scenarios />
      <Units>
        <Unit>
          <UnitID>USD</UnitID>
          <UnitType>Standard</UnitType>
          <StandardMeasure>
            <MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217</MeasureSchema>
            <MeasureValue>USD</MeasureValue>
            <MeasureNamespace>iso4217</MeasureNamespace>
          </StandardMeasure>
          <Scale>0</Scale>
        </Unit>
        <Unit>
          <UnitID>USDEPS</UnitID>
          <UnitType>Divide</UnitType>
          <NumeratorMeasure>
            <MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217</MeasureSchema>
            <MeasureValue>USD</MeasureValue>
            <MeasureNamespace>iso4217</MeasureNamespace>
          </NumeratorMeasure>
          <DenominatorMeasure>
            <MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance</MeasureSchema>
            <MeasureValue>shares</MeasureValue>
            <MeasureNamespace>xbrli</MeasureNamespace>
          </DenominatorMeasure>
          <Scale>0</Scale>
        </Unit>
        <Unit>
          <UnitID>Shares</UnitID>
          <UnitType>Standard</UnitType>
          <StandardMeasure>
            <MeasureSchema>http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance</MeasureSchema>
            <MeasureValue>shares</MeasureValue>
            <MeasureNamespace>xbrli</MeasureNamespace>
          </StandardMeasure>
          <Scale>0</Scale>
        </Unit>
      </Units>
      <CurrencySymbol>$</CurrencySymbol>
    </Column>
  </Columns>
  <Rows>
    <Row>
      <Id>2</Id>
      <Label>Income Taxes [Abstract]</Label>
      <Level>0</Level>
      <ElementName>us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefitAbstract</ElementName>
      <ElementPrefix>us-gaap</ElementPrefix>
      <IsBaseElement>true</IsBaseElement>
      <BalanceType>na</BalanceType>
      <PeriodType>duration</PeriodType>
      <ShortDefinition>No definition available.</ShortDefinition>
      <IsReportTitle>false</IsReportTitle>
      <IsSegmentTitle>false</IsSegmentTitle>
      <IsSubReportEnd>false</IsSubReportEnd>
      <IsCalendarTitle>false</IsCalendarTitle>
      <IsTuple>false</IsTuple>
      <IsAbstractGroupTitle>true</IsAbstractGroupTitle>
      <IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow>false</IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow>
      <IsEquityAdjustmentRow>false</IsEquityAdjustmentRow>
      <IsBeginningBalance>false</IsBeginningBalance>
      <IsEndingBalance>false</IsEndingBalance>
      <IsReverseSign>false</IsReverseSign>
      <PreferredLabelRole />
      <IsEPS>false</IsEPS>
      <FootnoteIndexer />
      <Cells>
        <Cell>
          <Id>1</Id>
          <ShowCurrencySymbol>false</ShowCurrencySymbol>
          <IsNumeric>false</IsNumeric>
          <IsRatio>false</IsRatio>
          <DisplayZeroAsNone>false</DisplayZeroAsNone>
          <NumericAmount>0</NumericAmount>
          <RoundedNumericAmount>0</RoundedNumericAmount>
          <NonNumbericText />
          <NonNumericTextHeader />
          <FootnoteIndexer />
          <hasSegments>false</hasSegments>
          <hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios>
          <DisplayDateInUSFormat>false</DisplayDateInUSFormat>
        </Cell>
      </Cells>
      <OriginalInstanceReportColumns />
      <ElementDataType>xbrli:stringItemType</ElementDataType>
      <SimpleDataType>string</SimpleDataType>
      <ElementDefenition>No definition available.</ElementDefenition>
      <IsTotalLabel>false</IsTotalLabel>
    </Row>
    <Row>
      <Id>3</Id>
      <Label>INCOME TAXES</Label>
      <Level>1</Level>
      <ElementName>us-gaap_IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock</ElementName>
      <ElementPrefix>us-gaap</ElementPrefix>
      <IsBaseElement>true</IsBaseElement>
      <BalanceType>na</BalanceType>
      <PeriodType>duration</PeriodType>
      <ShortDefinition>No definition available.</ShortDefinition>
      <IsReportTitle>false</IsReportTitle>
      <IsSegmentTitle>false</IsSegmentTitle>
      <IsSubReportEnd>false</IsSubReportEnd>
      <IsCalendarTitle>false</IsCalendarTitle>
      <IsTuple>false</IsTuple>
      <IsAbstractGroupTitle>false</IsAbstractGroupTitle>
      <IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow>false</IsEquityPrevioslyReportedAsRow>
      <IsEquityAdjustmentRow>false</IsEquityAdjustmentRow>
      <IsBeginningBalance>false</IsBeginningBalance>
      <IsEndingBalance>false</IsEndingBalance>
      <IsReverseSign>false</IsReverseSign>
      <PreferredLabelRole>verboselabel</PreferredLabelRole>
      <IsEPS>false</IsEPS>
      <FootnoteIndexer />
      <Cells>
        <Cell>
          <Id>1</Id>
          <ShowCurrencySymbol>false</ShowCurrencySymbol>
          <IsNumeric>false</IsNumeric>
          <IsRatio>false</IsRatio>
          <DisplayZeroAsNone>false</DisplayZeroAsNone>
          <NumericAmount>0</NumericAmount>
          <RoundedNumericAmount>0</RoundedNumericAmount>
          <NonNumbericText>&lt;!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --&gt;
   &lt;!-- Begin Block Tagged Note 7 - us-gaap:IncomeTaxDisclosureTextBlock--&gt;
   &lt;div style="margin-left: 0%"&gt;
   &lt;div style="margin-top: 12pt; font-size: 1pt"&gt;&amp;#160;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: transparent; text-align: left"&gt;
   &lt;tr&gt;
       &lt;td width="7%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
       &lt;td width="93%"&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;/tr&gt;
   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt;
       &lt;td&gt;
       &lt;b&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times"&gt;NOTE&amp;#160;7.&amp;#160;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
   &lt;/td&gt;
       &lt;td&gt;
       &lt;b&gt;&lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times"&gt;INCOME
       TAXES&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
   &lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;/tr&gt;
   &lt;/table&gt;
   &lt;div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"&gt;&amp;#160;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 2%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times; color: #000000; background: #ffffff"&gt;
       We record our interim tax provision based upon our estimated
       annual effective tax rate and account for the tax effects of
       discrete events in the period in which they occur. We file a
       federal consolidated income tax return with our eligible
       subsidiaries. Our federal consolidated income tax return also
       includes the taxable results of certain grantor trusts described
       below.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"&gt;&amp;#160;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 2%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times; color: #000000; background: #ffffff"&gt;
       We currently estimate our annual effective tax rate for the year
       ended December&amp;#160;31, 2010 to be approximately 42.4%. The
       increase in the estimated annual effective tax rate for 2010 was
       primarily a result of the sunset of eligibility for production
       tax credits at some of our biomass facilities. We review the
       annual effective tax rate on a quarterly basis as projections
       are revised and laws are enacted. The effective income tax rate
       was 37.9% and 37.2% for the six months ended June&amp;#160;30, 2010
       and 2009, respectively. The liability for uncertain tax
       positions, exclusive of interest and penalties, was
       $130.5&amp;#160;million and $131.2&amp;#160;million as of June&amp;#160;30,
       2010 and December&amp;#160;31, 2009, respectively. Liabilities for
       uncertain tax positions decreased by approximately
       $0.6&amp;#160;million during the six months ended June&amp;#160;30,
       2010. Included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits as of
       June&amp;#160;30, 2010 are potential benefits of $116.7&amp;#160;million
       that, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"&gt;&amp;#160;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 2%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times; color: #000000; background: #ffffff"&gt;
       For the three months ended June&amp;#160;30, 2010 and 2009, we
       recognized $0 and an expense of $0.4&amp;#160;million, respectively,
       and for the six months ended June&amp;#160;30, 2010 and 2009, we
       recognized a benefit of $1.7&amp;#160;million and an expense of
       $0.4&amp;#160;million, respectively, of interest and penalties on
       uncertain tax positions. As of June&amp;#160;30, 2010 and
       December&amp;#160;31, 2009, we had accrued interest and penalties
       associated with liabilities for unrecognized tax positions of
       $6.7&amp;#160;million and $8.4&amp;#160;million, respectively. We
       continue to reflect interest accrued on uncertain tax positions
       and penalties as part of the tax provision.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"&gt;&amp;#160;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 2%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times; color: #000000; background: #ffffff"&gt;
       As issues are examined by the Internal Revenue Service and state
       auditors, we may decide to adjust the existing liability for
       uncertain tax positions for issues that were not deemed an
       exposure at the time we adopted accounting standards related to
       the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. Accordingly, we
       will continue to monitor the results of audits and adjust the
       liability as needed. Federal income tax returns for Covanta
       Energy are closed for the years through 2005. However, to the
       extent net operating loss carryforwards (&amp;#8220;NOLs&amp;#8221;) are
       utilized from earlier years, federal income tax returns for
       Covanta Holding Corporation, formerly known as Danielson Holding
       Corporation, are still open. State income tax returns are
       generally subject to examination for a period of three to five
       years after the filing of the respective return. The state
       impact of any federal changes remains subject to examination by
       various states for a period of up to one year after formal
       notification to the states. We have various state income tax
       returns in the process of examination, administrative appeals or
       litigation.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"&gt;&amp;#160;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 2%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times; color: #000000; background: #ffffff"&gt;
       Our NOLs predominantly arose from our predecessor insurance
       entities (which were subsidiaries of our predecessor, which was
       formerly named Mission Insurance Group, Inc.,
       &amp;#8220;Mission&amp;#8221;). These Mission insurance entities have been
       in state insolvency proceedings in California and Missouri since
       the late 1980&amp;#8217;s. The amount of NOLs available to us will be
       reduced by any taxable income or increased by any taxable losses
       generated by current members of our consolidated tax group,
       which include grantor trusts associated with the Mission
       insurance entities.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"&gt;&amp;#160;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 2%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times; color: #000000; background: #ffffff"&gt;
       While we cannot predict with certainty what amounts, if any, may
       be includable in taxable income as a result of the final
       administration of these grantor trusts, substantial actions
       toward such final administration have been taken and we believe
       that neither arrangements with the California Commissioner nor
       the final administration by the Missouri Director will result in
       a material reduction in available NOLs.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"&gt;&amp;#160;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 2%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times; color: #000000; background: #ffffff"&gt;
       We had consolidated federal NOLs estimated to be approximately
       $545&amp;#160;million for federal income tax purposes as of
       December&amp;#160;31, 2009, based on the tax returns as filed. The
       federal NOLs will expire in various amounts from
       December&amp;#160;31, 2011 through December&amp;#160;31, 2028, if not
       used. Current forecasts indicate we will utilize consolidated
       federal NOLs in 2010 which will otherwise expire in 2011. In
       addition to the consolidated federal NOLs, as of
       December&amp;#160;31, 2009, we had state NOL carryforwards of
       approximately $264.7&amp;#160;million, which expire between 2011 and
       2027, capital loss carryforwards of $0.2&amp;#160;million expiring
       in 2013, and additional federal credit carryforwards of
       $47.5&amp;#160;million. These deferred tax assets are offset by a
       valuation allowance of $20.5&amp;#160;million.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"&gt;&amp;#160;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 2%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times; color: #000000; background: #ffffff"&gt;
       In March 2010, U.S.&amp;#160;Federal legislation enacted the Patient
       Protection and Affordable Care Act (&amp;#8220;PPACA&amp;#8221;) as well
       as a companion bill, the Health Care and Education
       Reconciliation Act of 2010 (&amp;#8220;the Reconciliation Act&amp;#8221;).
       As a result of enactment of the PPACA and the Reconciliation Act
       (collectively, the &amp;#8220;Acts&amp;#8221;), employers receiving the
       Medicare Part&amp;#160;D subsidy will recognize a deferred tax
       charge for the reduction in deductibility of postretirement
       prescription drug coverage for eligible retirees. The resulting
       deferred tax charge from enactment of the Acts was recognized in
       the results for the six months ended June&amp;#160;30, 2010. This
       charge was not material to our condensed consolidated financial
       statements.
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div style="margin-top: 6pt; font-size: 1pt"&gt;&amp;#160;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div align="left" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; text-indent: 2%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times; color: #000000; background: #ffffff"&gt;
       For further information, refer to Note&amp;#160;16. Income Taxes of
       the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our
       &lt;font style="white-space: nowrap"&gt;Form&amp;#160;10-K.&lt;/font&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;!-- XBRL Pagebreak Begin --&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;!-- END PAGE WIDTH --&gt;
   &lt;!-- PAGEBREAK --&gt;
   &lt;div style="margin-left: 0%"&gt;
   &lt;!-- BEGIN PAGE WIDTH --&gt;
   &lt;div align="center" style="margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 0%; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica; color: #000000; background: #ffffff"&gt;
   &lt;b&gt;
   &lt;font style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times"&gt;
   &lt;/font&gt;
   &lt;/b&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;div style="margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt"&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
   &lt;!-- XBRL Pagebreak End --&gt;
   &lt;/div&gt;
</NonNumbericText>
          <NonNumericTextHeader>&lt;!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --&gt;
   &lt;!-- Begin Block Tagged Note</NonNumericTextHeader>
          <FootnoteIndexer />
          <hasSegments>false</hasSegments>
          <hasScenarios>false</hasScenarios>
          <DisplayDateInUSFormat>false</DisplayDateInUSFormat>
        </Cell>
      </Cells>
      <OriginalInstanceReportColumns />
      <ElementDataType>us-types:textBlockItemType</ElementDataType>
      <SimpleDataType>textblock</SimpleDataType>
      <ElementDefenition>Description containing the entire income tax disclosure. Examples include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. This element may be used as a single block of text to encapsulate the entire disclosure including data and tables.</ElementDefenition>
      <ElementReferences>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
 -Publisher SEC
 -Name Regulation S-X (SX)
 -Number 210
 -Section 08
 -Paragraph h
 -Article 4

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
 -Publisher FASB
 -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS)
 -Number 109
 -Paragraph 136, 172

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
 -Publisher FASB
 -Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS)
 -Number 109
 -Paragraph 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49

</ElementReferences>
      <IsTotalLabel>false</IsTotalLabel>
    </Row>
  </Rows>
  <Footnotes />
  <NumberOfCols>1</NumberOfCols>
  <NumberOfRows>2</NumberOfRows>
  <HasScenarios>false</HasScenarios>
  <MonetaryRoundingLevel>UnKnown</MonetaryRoundingLevel>
  <SharesRoundingLevel>UnKnown</SharesRoundingLevel>
  <PerShareRoundingLevel>UnKnown</PerShareRoundingLevel>
  <HasPureData>false</HasPureData>
  <SharesShouldBeRounded>true</SharesShouldBeRounded>
</InstanceReport>
