1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2014

Notes

1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

1. Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Business

The Company is a business intelligence, predictive analytics, and big data Company. Our mission is to connect the world’s aviation professionals onto a single platform to improve global air traffic efficiencies. The Company believes it operates in one operating segment.

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of PASSUR Aerospace, Inc. and its wholly-owned Subsidiary. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Certain financial information in the footnotes has been rounded to the nearest thousand for presentation purposes.

Revenue Recognition Policy

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with FASB ASC 605-15, (“Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements”) which requires that four basic criteria must be met before revenues can be recognized: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed and determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured.

The Company’s revenues are generated by selling: (1) subscription-based, real-time decision and solution information; (2) professional services; and (3) annual maintenance contracts for PASSUR® Radar Systems.

Revenues generated from subscription and maintenance agreements are recognized over the term of such executed agreements and/or customer’s receipt of such data or services. In accordance with ASC 605-15, we recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists which is evidenced by a signed agreement, the service has been deployed, as applicable, to its hosted servers, the fee is fixed and determinable, and collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. The Company records revenues pursuant to individual contracts on a month-by-month basis, as outlined by the applicable agreement. In many cases, the Company may invoice respective customers in advance of the specified period, either quarterly or annually, which coincides with the terms of the agreement. In such cases, the Company will defer at the close of each month and/or reporting period, any subscription or maintenance revenues invoiced for which services have yet to be rendered, in accordance with ASC 605-15. Revenues generated by professional services are recognized over the term of such executed agreements.

The individual offerings that are included in arrangements with our customers are identified and priced separately to the customer based upon the stand alone price for each individual element sold in the arrangement irrespective of the combination of products and services which are included in a particular arrangement.  As such, the units of accounting are based on each individual element sold, and revenue is allocated to each element based on selling price.  Selling price is determined using vendor-specific objective evidence ("VSOE") if available, third-party evidence ("TPE") if VSOE is not available, or best estimate of selling price ("BESP") if neither VSOE or TPE is available. BESP must be determined in a manner that is consistent with that used to determine the price to sell the specific elements on a standalone basis. Our best estimate of selling price is established considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, pricing practices with different classes of customers, geographies and other factors contemplated in negotiating the arrangement with the customer.

From time to time, the Company will enter into an agreement with a customer to receive a one-time fee for rights including, but not limited to, the rights to use certain data at an agreed upon location(s) for a specific use and/or for an unlimited number of users. These fees are recognized as revenue ratably over the expected life of the customer relationship period, typically five years.       

Deferred revenue is classified on the Company’s balance sheet as a liability until such time as revenue from services is properly recognized as revenue in accordance with ASC 605-15 and the corresponding agreement.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Subsequent Events

Management has evaluated subsequent events after the balance sheet date, through the issuance of the financial statements, for appropriate accounting and disclosure.   

Accounts Receivable

The Company has a history of successfully collecting all amounts due from its customers under the original terms of its subscription agreements without making concessions. The Company records accounts receivables for agreements where amounts due from customers are contractually required and are non-refundable. The carrying amount of accounts receivables is reduced by a valuation allowance tha reflects our best estimate of the amounts that will not be collected. Net accounts receivables is comprised of the monthly, quarterly, or annual committed amounts due from customers pursuant to the terms of each respective customer’s agreement. Account receivable balances include amounts attributable to deferred revenues.

The provision for doubtful accounts was $30,000 and $29,000 as of October 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. In addition to reviewing delinquent accounts receivable, the Company considers many factors in estimating our reserve, including historical data, experience, customer types, credit worthiness and econominc trends. The Company monitors its outstanding accounts receivable balances and believes the provision is reasonable.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Amortization of leasehold improvements is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the improvements or the term of the lease, including renewal options expected to be exercised, whichever is shorter.

PASSUR® Network

The PASSUR® Network is comprised of PASSUR® Systems, which include the direct and indirect production, shipping, and installation costs incurred for each PASSUR® System, which are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to cost of revenues and is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, which is estimated at seven years. PASSUR® Systems which are not installed, raw materials, work-in-process, and finished goods components are carried at cost and no depreciation is recorded. 

Capitalized Software Development Costs

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 350-40, “Internal Use Software.” ASC 350-40 provides guidance for determining whether computer software is internal-use software, and on accounting for the proceeds of computer software originally developed or obtained for internal use and then subsequently sold to the public. It also provides guidance on capitalization of the costs incurred for computer software developed or obtained for internal use. The Company expenses all costs incurred during the preliminary project stage of its development, and capitalizes the costs incurred during the application development stage. Costs incurred relating to upgrades and enhancements to the software are capitalized if it is determined that these upgrades or enhancements add additional functionality to the software. Costs incurred to improve and support products after they become available are charged to expense as incurred. The Company capitalized $1,978,000 as of October 31, 2014 and $1,693,0001692599 as of October 31, 2013. The Company records amortization of the software on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software, typically five years.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment when circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Impairment is recognized to the extent the sum of undiscounted estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset is less than the carrying value. Assets to be disposed of are carried at the lower of their carrying value or fair value, less costs to sell. The Company evaluates the periods of amortization continually in determining whether later events and circumstances warrant revised estimates of useful lives. If estimates are changed, the unamortized costs will be allocated to the increased or decreased number of remaining periods in the revised life.

Cost of Revenues

Costs associated with subscription and maintenance revenues consist primarily of direct labor, depreciation of PASSUR® Network Systems, amortization of Capitalized software development costs, communication costs, data feeds, allocated overhead costs, travel and entertainment, and consulting fees. Also included in cost of revenues are costs associated with upgrades to PASSUR® Systems necessary to make such systems compatible with new software applications, as well as the ordinary repair and maintenance of existing PASSUR® Systems. Additionally, cost of revenues in each reporting period is impacted by: (1) the number of PASSUR® Systems added to the Network, which includes the cost of production, shipment, and installation of these assets, which are capitalized to the PASSUR® Network; and (2) new capitalized costs associated with software development projects. Both of these are referred to as “Capitalized Assets”, and are depreciated and/or amortized over their respective useful lives and charged to cost of revenues.

Income Taxes

The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred income taxes are recorded to reflect the temporary differences in the tax bases of the assets or liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the Company’s financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount currently estimated to be realized. The Company follows ASC 740, “Income Taxes”, where tax benefits are recognized only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. Unrecognized tax benefits are tax benefits claimed in tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards. At October 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company did not have any uncertain tax positions. As permitted by ASC 740-10, the Company’s accounting policy is to prospectively classify accrued interest and penalties related to any unrecognized tax benefits in its income tax provision.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. 

Net Income per Share Information

Basic net income per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding. Diluted net income per share is based on the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and common stock equivalents. Shares used to calculate net income per share for fiscal years 2014 and 2013 are as follows:   

	2014	2013
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	7,457,915	7,263,626
Effect of dilutive stock options	285,978	502,311
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	7,743,893	7,765,937
Weighted average shares which are not included in the calculation of diluted net income per share because their impact is anti-dilutive
Stock options	630,522	325,000

Weighted average options to purchase 630,522 and 325,000 shares of common stock at prices ranging from $2.73 to $5.00 per share that were outstanding during 2014 and 2013 were excluded from each respective year’s computation of diluted earnings per share. In each of these years, such options’ exercise prices exceeded the average market price of our common stock, thereby causing the effect of such options to be anti-dilutive.

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue includes amounts attributable to advances received on customer agreements, which may be prepaid either annually or quarterly. Revenues from such customer agreements are recognized as income ratably over the period that coincides with the respective agreement.

The Company recognizes initial set-up fee revenues and associated costs on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of the customer relationship period, typically five years.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The recorded amounts of the Company’s cash, receivables, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values principally because of the short-term nature of these items. The fair value of related party debt is not practicable to determine due primarily to the fact that the Company’s related party debt is held by its Chairman and significant shareholder, and the Company does not have any third-party debt with which to compare.

Additionally, on a recurring basis, the Company uses fair value measures when analyzing asset impairments. Long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If it is determined such indicators are present, and the review indicates that the assets will not be fully recoverable based on the undiscounted estimated future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset, their carrying values are reduced to estimated fair value.

Stock-Based Compensation 

The Company follows FASB ASC 718 “Compensation-Stock Compensation”, which requires measurement of compensation cost for all stock-based awards at fair value on date of grant, and recognition of stock-based compensation expense over the service period for awards expected to vest. The fair value of stock options was determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Such fair value is recognized as an expense over the service period, net of forfeitures. Stock-based compensation expense was $310,000 and $275,000 in fiscal years 2014 and 2013, respectively, and was primarily included in selling, general, and administrative expenses.

The Company’s stock options vest over a period of five years. The fair value for these stock options was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes stock option pricing model, with the following weighted average assumptions for fiscal years 2014 and 2013; risk-free interest rate of 1.62% to 3.54%, volatility factor of the expected market price of the Company’s common stock of 117%, no dividend yield, and a weighted average expected life of the stock options of 5.5 to 6.5 years.

Comprehensive Income

The Company’s comprehensive income is equivalent to that of the Company’s total net income for fiscal years 2014 and 2013.

Accounting Pronouncements issued but not yet adopted  

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers: Topic 606” (ASU 2014-09), to supersede nearly all-existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP.  The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services, ASU 2014-09 defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, it is possible more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than required under existing U.S. GAAP including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASC 2014-09 on our consolidated financial statements.