The notional amounts of the Company’s derivative instruments are shown in the table below. These contractual amounts, along with other terms of the derivative, are used to determine amounts to be exchanged between counterparties and are not a measure of loss exposure. With the exception of the interest rate floors (discussed below), the Company's derivative instruments are accounted for as free-standing derivatives, and changes in their fair value are recorded in current earnings.


(In thousands)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Interest rate swaps	$	2,121,244	$	2,166,393
Interest rate floors	2,000,000		2,000,000
Interest rate caps	336,682		336,682
Credit risk participation agreements	642,197		653,887
Foreign exchange contracts	25,669		30,401
Mortgage loan commitments	3,616		3,004
Mortgage loan forward sale contracts	—		1,349
Forward TBA contracts	4,000		3,000
Total notional amount	$	5,133,408	$	5,194,716

The largest group of notional amounts relate to interest rate swap contracts sold to commercial customers who wish to modify their interest rate sensitivity. The customers are engaged in a variety of businesses, including real estate, manufacturing, retail product distribution, education, and retirement communities. These interest rate swap contracts with customers are offset by matching interest rate swap contracts purchased by the Company from other financial institutions (dealers). Contracts with dealers that require central clearing are novated to a clearing agency who becomes the Company's counterparty. Because of the matching terms of the offsetting contracts, in addition to collateral provisions which mitigate the impact of non-performance risk, changes in fair value subsequent to initial recognition have a minimal effect on earnings.

Many of the Company’s interest rate swap contracts with large financial institutions contain contingent features relating to debt ratings or capitalization levels. Under these provisions, if the Company’s debt rating falls below investment grade or if the Company ceases to be “well-capitalized” under risk-based capital guidelines, certain counterparties can require immediate and ongoing collateralization on interest rate swaps in net liability positions or instant settlement of the contracts. The Company maintains debt ratings and capital well above these minimum requirements.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company held four interest rate floors indexed to 1-month SOFR to hedge the risk of declining interest rates on certain floating rate commercial loans. The floors have a combined notional value of $2.0 billion and are forward-starting. Each of the four interest rate floors has a six-year term and a notional amount of $500.0 million. In the event that the index rate falls below zero, the maximum rate that the Company can earn on the notional amount of each floor is limited to the strike rate. Information about the floors is provided in the table below.

The premium paid for the floors totaled $90.2 million. The maximum length of time over which the Company is hedging its exposure to lower rates is approximately 7 years. These interest rate floors qualified and were designated as cash flow hedges and were assessed for effectiveness using regression analysis. The change in the fair value of these interest rate floors is recorded in AOCI, net of the amortization of the premiums paid, which are recorded against interest and fees on loans in the consolidated statements of income. As of March 31, 2024, net deferred losses on the interest rate floors totaled $21.9 million (pre-tax) and were recorded in AOCI in the consolidated balance sheet. As of March 31, 2024, it is expected that $10.7 million (pre-tax) interest rate floor premium amortization will be reclassified from AOCI into earnings over the next 12 months for the outstanding interest rate floors.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company monetized three interest rate floors that were previously classified as cash flow hedges with a combined notional balance of $1.5 billion and an asset fair value of $163.2 million. As of March 31,

2024, the total realized gains on the monetized cash flow hedges remaining in AOCI was $45.7 million (pre-tax), which will be reclassified into interest income over the next 2.7 years. The estimated amount of net gains related to the cash flow hedges remaining in AOCI at March 31, 2024 that is expected to be reclassified into income within the next 12 months is $21.7 million.

The Company also contracts with other financial institutions, as a guarantor or beneficiary, to share credit risk associated with certain interest rate swaps through risk participation agreements. The Company’s risks and responsibilities as guarantor are further discussed in Note 5 on Guarantees. In addition, the Company enters into foreign exchange contracts, which are mainly comprised of contracts with customers to purchase or deliver specific foreign currencies at specific future dates.

Under its program to sell residential mortgage loans in the secondary market, the Company designates certain newly-originated residential mortgage loans as held for sale. Derivative instruments arising from this activity include mortgage loan commitments and forward loan sale contracts. Changes in the fair values of the loan commitments and funded loans prior to sale that are due to changes in interest rates are economically hedged with forward contracts to sell residential mortgage-backed securities in the to-be-announced (TBA) market. These forward TBA contracts are also considered to be derivatives and are settled in cash at the security settlement date.

The fair values of the Company's derivative instruments, whose notional amounts are listed above, are shown in the table below. Information about the valuation methods used to determine fair value is provided in Note 15 on Fair Value Measurements.

The Company's policy is to present its derivative assets and derivative liabilities on a gross basis on its consolidated balance sheets, and these are reported in other assets and other liabilities. In prior years, certain collateral posted to and from the Company's clearing counterparty has been applied to the fair values of the cleared swap. There was no reduction to positive or negative fair values of cleared swaps at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.


	Asset Derivatives				Liability Derivatives
	Mar. 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023		Mar. 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Fair Value				Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate floors	$	56,094	$	78,960	$	—	$	—
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments	$	56,094	$	78,960	$	—	$	—
Derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps	$	37,290	$	35,816	$	(37,290)	$	(35,816)
Interest rate caps	864		1,391		(864)		(1,391)
Credit risk participation agreements	39		77		(106)		(194)
Foreign exchange contracts	368		534		(275)		(479)
Mortgage loan commitments	102		89		—		(1)
Mortgage loan forward sale contracts	—		8		—		—
Forward TBA contracts	1		1		(11)		(18)
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	$	38,664	$	37,916	$	(38,546)	$	(37,899)
Total	$	94,758	$	116,876	$	(38,546)	$	(37,899)

The Company made an election to exclude the initial premiums paid on the interest rate floors from the hedge effectiveness measurement. Those initial premiums are amortized over the periods between the premium payment month and the contract maturity month. The pre-tax effects of the gains and losses (both the included and excluded amounts for hedge effectiveness assessment) recognized in the other comprehensive income from the cash flow hedging instruments and the amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income (both included and excluded amounts for hedge effectiveness measurement) are shown in the table below.


	Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI						Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income	Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income

(In thousands)	Total		Included Component		Excluded Component			Total		Included Component		Excluded Component
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate floors	$	(22,865)	$	(9,977)	$	(12,888)	Interest and fees on loans	$	2,989	$	7,199	$	(4,210)
Total	$	(22,865)	$	(9,977)	$	(12,888)	Total	$	2,989	$	7,199	$	(4,210)




For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate floors	$	9,225	$	—	$	9,225	Interest and fees on loans	$	4,385	$	7,444	$	(3,059)
Total	$	9,225	$	—	$	9,225	Total	$	4,385	$	7,444	$	(3,059)


	Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Consolidated Statements of Income		Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
		For the Three Months Ended March 31
(In thousands)			2024		2023



Derivative instruments:
Interest rate swaps	Other non-interest income		$	126	$	623

Credit risk participation agreements	Other non-interest income		26		(19)
Foreign exchange contracts	Other non-interest income		38		(20)
Mortgage loan commitments	Loan fees and sales		15		77
Mortgage loan forward sale contracts	Loan fees and sales		(8)		(1)
Forward TBA contracts	Loan fees and sales		6		1
Total			$	203	$	661

The following table shows the extent to which assets and liabilities relating to derivative instruments have been offset in the consolidated balance sheets. It also provides information about these instruments which are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement, irrespective of whether they are offset, and the extent to which the instruments could potentially be offset. Also shown is collateral received or pledged in the form of other financial instruments, which is generally cash or marketable securities. The collateral amounts in this table are limited to the outstanding balances of the related asset or liability (after netting is applied); thus, amounts of excess collateral are not shown. Most of the derivatives in the following table were transacted under master netting arrangements that contain a conditional right of offset, such as close-out netting, upon default.

While the Company is party to master netting arrangements with most of its swap derivative counterparties, the Company does not offset derivative assets and liabilities under these agreements on its consolidated balance sheets. Collateral exchanged between the Company and dealer bank counterparties is generally subject to thresholds and transfer minimums, and usually consists of marketable securities. By contract, these may be sold or re-pledged by the secured party until recalled at a subsequent valuation date by the pledging party. For those swap transactions requiring central clearing, the Company posts cash or securities to its clearing agent. Collateral positions are valued daily, and adjustments to amounts received and pledged by the Company are made as appropriate to maintain proper collateralization for these transactions. Swap derivative transactions with customers are generally secured by rights to non-financial collateral, such as real and personal property, which is not shown in the table below.


							Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Balance Sheet
(In thousands)	Gross Amount Recognized		Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet		Net Amounts Presented in the Balance Sheet		Financial Instruments Available for Offset		Collateral Received/ Pledged		Net Amount
March 31, 2024
Assets:
Derivatives subject to master netting agreements	$	94,558	$	—	$	94,558	$	(1,274)	$	(91,278)	$	2,006
Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements	200		—		200
Total derivatives	$	94,758	$	—	$	94,758
Liabilities:
Derivatives subject to master netting agreements	$	38,202	$	—	$	38,202	$	(1,274)	$	—	$	36,928
Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements	344		—		344
Total derivatives	$	38,546	$	—	$	38,546
December 31, 2023
Assets:
Derivatives subject to master netting agreements	$	116,702	$	—	$	116,702	$	(3,930)	$	(107,492)	$	5,280
Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements	174		—		174
Total derivatives	$	116,876	$	—	$	116,876
Liabilities:
Derivatives subject to master netting agreements	$	37,300	$	—	$	37,300	$	(3,930)	$	—	$	33,370
Derivatives not subject to master netting agreements	599		—		599
Total derivatives	$	37,899	$	—	$	37,899