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Stock-Based Compensation
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation
The Company issues stock-based compensation in the form of nonvested restricted stock and stock appreciation rights (SARs). Most of the awards are issued during the first quarter of each year. The stock-based compensation expense that has been charged against income was $3.8 million and $3.5 million in the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $11.2 million and $10.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Nonvested stock awards granted generally vest in 4 to 7 years and contain restrictions as to transferability, sale, pledging, or assigning, among others, prior to the end of the vesting period. Dividend and voting rights are conferred upon grant. A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested share awards as of September 30, 2020, and changes during the nine month period then ended, is presented below.

 
 
 

Shares
 Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 20201,104,211 $47.57
Granted218,257 64.22
Vested(275,070)33.97
Forfeited(6,730)55.42
Nonvested at September 30, 20201,040,668 $54.61

SARs are granted with exercise prices equal to the market price of the Company’s stock at the date of grant. SARs vest ratably over 4 years of continuous service and have contractual terms of 10 years. All SARs must be settled in stock under provisions of the plan. In determining compensation cost, the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is used to estimate the fair value of SARs on date of grant. The current year per share average fair value and the model assumptions are shown in the table below.

Weighted per share average fair value at grant date$10.12 
Assumptions:
Dividend yield
1.7 %
Volatility
20.2 %
Risk-free interest rate
1.0 %
Expected term
5.8 years

A summary of SAR activity during the first nine months of 2020 is presented below.

 
 
 
 
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Rights
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 20201,049,816 $43.55
Granted103,210 63.18
Forfeited(5,600)58.15 
Expired(150)57.07 
Exercised(150,029)34.52
Outstanding at September 30, 2020997,247 $46.866.4 years$10,582