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Retirement Plans and Other Retiree Benefits
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Notes to Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Retirement Plans and Other Retiree Benefits
Retirement Plans and Other Retiree Benefits

Retirement Plans

The Company and certain of its U.S. and overseas subsidiaries maintain defined benefit retirement plans. Benefits under these plans are based primarily on years of service and employees’ career earnings.  

Effective September 1, 2010, the Company adopted certain amendments to its retirement benefit programs in the U.S.  The plan amendments provide for higher contributions to the Company’s defined contribution plan while reducing future pay credits to the Company’s defined benefit plan for participants, simplification of the formula for calculating monthly pay-based credits to the defined benefit plan and certain pension enhancements depending on years of service.  The incremental impact to the Company’s net income due to the plan amendments for 2010 was not significant.  The incremental impact of $58 to the Company’s benefit obligations is reflected in the table below.

In the Company’s principal U.S. plans and certain funded overseas plans, funds are contributed to trusts in accordance with regulatory limits to provide for current service and for any unfunded projected benefit obligation over a reasonable period. The target asset allocation for the Company’s defined benefit plans are as follows:
  
 
United States
 
International
Asset Category
 

 

Equity securities
 
52
%
 
43
%
Debt securities
 
40

 
46

Real estate and alternative investments
 
8

 
11

Total
 
100
%
 
100
%

At December 31, 2011 the allocation of the Company’s plan assets and the level of valuation input for each major asset category was as follows:

  
 
Level of Valuation
Input
 
Pension Plans
 
 
  
 
 
United States
 
International
 
Other Retiree
Benefits
Investments:
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash & cash equivalents
 
Level 1
 
$
67

 
$
12

 
$
2

U.S. common stocks
 
Level 1
 
209

 
—

 
5

International common stocks
 
Level 1
 
47

 
—

 
1

Fixed income securities (a)
 
Level 2
 
145

 
—

 
—

Common/collective trust funds (b):
 
Level 2
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity index funds
 
  
 
405

 
158

 
10

Emerging market equity index funds
 
  
 
54

 
17

 
1

Other common stock funds
 
  
 
34

 
28

 
1

Fixed income funds: U.S. or foreign government and agency securities
 
  
 
268

 
82

 
7

Fixed income funds: investment grade corporate bonds
 
  
 
58

 
75

 
1

Fixed income funds: high yield corporate bonds and other
 
  
 
75

 
1

 
2

Guaranteed investment contracts (c)
 
Level 2
 
2

 
46

 
—

Real estate  (d)
 
Level 3
 
62

 
18

 
2

Total Investments at fair value
 
  
 
$
1,426

 
$
437

 
$
32


At December 31, 2010 the allocation of the Company’s plan assets and the level of valuation input for each major asset category was as follows:

 
 
Level of Valuation
Input
 
Pension Plans
 
 
  
 
 
United States
 
International
 
Other Retiree
Benefits
Investments:
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash & cash equivalents
 
Level 1
 
$
84

 
$
14

 
$
2

U.S. common stocks
 
Level 1
 
223

 
—

 
6

International common stocks
 
Level 1
 
55

 
—

 
1

Fixed income securities (a)
 
Level 2
 
142

 
—

 
—

Common/collective trust funds (b):
 
Level 2
 
 

 
 

 
 

Equity index funds
 
  
 
314

 
166

 
8

Emerging market equity index funds
 
  
 
61

 
18

 
2

Other common stock funds
 
  
 
95

 
13

 
3

Fixed income funds: U.S. or foreign government and agency securities
 
  
 
222

 
88

 
6

Fixed income funds: investment grade corporate bonds
 
  
 
59

 
71

 
2

Fixed income funds: high yield corporate bonds and other
 
  
 
67

 
1

 
2

Guaranteed investment contracts (c)
 
Level 2
 
—

 
47

 
—

Real estate  (d)
 
Level 3
 
55

 
16

 
—

Total Investments at fair value
 
  
 
$
1,377

 
$
434

 
$
32

_______
(a)
The fixed income securities are traded over the counter and a small portion of the securities lack daily pricing or liquidity and as such are classified as Level 2. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, approximately 75% of the fixed income portfolio was invested in U.S. treasury or agency securities, with the remainder invested in corporate bonds.
(b)
Interests in common/collective trust funds are valued using the net asset value (NAV) per unit in each fund. The NAV is based on the value of the underlying investments owned by each trust, minus its liabilities, divided by the number of shares outstanding.
(c)
The guaranteed investment contracts (GICs) represent contracts with insurance companies measured at the cash surrender value of each contract. The Level 2 valuation reflects that the cash surrender value is based principally on a referenced pool of investment funds with active redemption.
(d)
Real estate is valued using the NAV per unit of funds that are invested in real property, and the real property is valued using independent market appraisals. Since the appraisals include unobservable inputs, the investments in each fund are classified as Level 3.

The following table presents a reconciliation of Level 3 plan assets measured at fair value for the year ended December 31:
 
 
2011
 
2010
 
 
United States Real Estate Fund
 
International Real Estate Fund
 
United States Real Estate Fund
 
International Real Estate Fund
Beginning balance as of January 1
 
$
55

 
$
16

 
$
48

 
$
11

Earned income, net of management expenses
 
9

 
—

 
4

 
—

Unrealized gain (loss) on investment
 
2

 
1

 
3

 
1

Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements, net
 
(2
)
 
1

 
—

 
4

Ending balance as of December 31
 
$
64

 
$
18

 
$
55

 
$
16



Equity securities in the U.S. plans include investments in the Company’s common stock representing 11% and 9% of U.S. plan assets at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  No shares of the Company’s common stock were purchased or sold by the plans in 2011 or 2010. The plans received dividends on the Company’s common stock of $3 in each of 2011 and 2010.

Other Retiree Benefits

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries provide health care and life insurance benefits for retired employees to the extent not provided by government-sponsored plans. The Company utilizes a portion of its leveraged ESOP to reduce its obligation to provide these other retiree benefits and to offset its current service cost.  

Effective September 1, 2010, the Company adopted certain amendments to its retirement benefit programs in the U.S.  Effective with the plan amendments, future retirees of the Company who do not meet certain age and service requirements will begin to share in the cost of retiree medical coverage through monthly payments rather than paying a lump sum contribution at retirement.  In addition, the Company will generally no longer use its leveraged ESOP to make retiree medical coverage allocations.  The incremental impact to the Company’s net income due to the plan amendments for 2010 was not significant. The incremental impact of $31 to the Company’s benefit obligations is reflected in the following table.

The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for its defined benefit and other retiree benefit plans. Summarized information for the Company’s defined benefit and other retiree benefit plans are as follows:
  
 
Pension Benefits
 
Other Retiree Benefits
 
 
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
  
 
United States
 
International
 
 
 
 
Change in Benefit Obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit obligations at beginning of year
 
$
1,952

 
$
1,703

 
$
736

 
$
706

 
$
762

 
$
603

Service cost
 
24

 
42

 
19

 
17

 
10

 
7

Interest cost
 
100

 
94

 
36


35

 
39


38

Participants’ contributions
 
1

 
1

 
4

 
3

 
—

 
—

Acquisitions/plan amendments
 
—

 
58

 
1

 
2

 
—

 
31

Actuarial loss (gain)
 
126

 
150

 
21

 
24

 
(1
)
 
97

Foreign exchange impact
 
—

 
—

 
(10
)
 
(10
)
 
(6
)
 
3

Termination benefits
 
—

 
23

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
8

Curtailments and settlements
 
—

 
—

 
(14
)
 
(5
)
 
1

 
—

Benefit payments
 
(178
)
 
(119
)
 
(33
)
 
(36
)
 
(29
)
 
(25
)
Benefit obligations at end of year
 
$
2,025

 
$
1,952

 
$
760

 
$
736

 
$
776

 
$
762

Change in Plan Assets
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
 
$
1,377

 
$
1,300

 
$
434

 
$
401

 
$
32

 
$
28

Actual return on plan assets
 
28

 
145

 
2

 
30

 
—

 
4

Company contributions
 
198

 
50

 
45

 
36

 
29

 
25

Participants’ contributions
 
1

 
1

 
4

 
3

 
—

 
—

Foreign exchange impact
 
—

 
—

 
(3
)
 
4

 
—

 
—

Settlements
 
—

 
—

 
(12
)
 
(4
)
 
—

 
—

Benefit payments
 
(178
)
 
(119
)
 
(33
)
 
(36
)
 
(29
)
 
(25
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
 
$
1,426

 
$
1,377

 
$
437

 
$
434

 
$
32

 
$
32

Funded Status
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

Benefit obligations at end of year
 
$
2,025

 
$
1,952

 
$
760

 
$
736

 
$
776

 
$
762

Fair value of plan assets at end of year
 
1,426

 
1,377

 
437

 
434

 
32

 
32

Net amount recognized
 
$
(599
)
 
$
(575
)
 
$
(323
)
 
$
(302
)
 
$
(744
)
 
$
(730
)
Amounts Recognized in Balance Sheet
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Noncurrent assets
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
4

 
$
—

 
$
—

Current liabilities
 
(15
)
 
(13
)
 
(29
)
 
(13
)
 
(40
)
 
(41
)
Noncurrent liabilities
 
(584
)
 
(562
)
 
(294
)
 
(293
)
 
(704
)
 
(689
)
Net amount recognized
 
$
(599
)
 
$
(575
)
 
$
(323
)
 
$
(302
)
 
$
(744
)
 
$
(730
)
Amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income consist of
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Actuarial loss
 
$
855

 
$
693

 
$
174

 
$
142

 
$
323

 
$
343

Transition/prior service cost
 
73

 
81

 
6

 
8

 
32

 
32

  
 
$
928

 
$
774

 
$
180

 
$
150

 
$
355

 
$
375

Accumulated benefit obligation
 
$
1,892

 
$
1,808

 
$
688

 
$
654

 
$
—

 
$
—


  
 
Pension Benefits
 
Other Retiree Benefits
  
 
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
  
 
United States
 
International
 
 
 
 
Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate
 
4.90%
 
5.30%
 
4.59%
 
5.04%
 
5.26%
 
5.30%
Long-term rate of return on plan assets
 
7.75%
 
8.00%
 
5.91%
 
6.23%
 
7.75%
 
8.00%
Long-term rate of compensation increase
 
4.00%
 
4.00%
 
2.87%
 
3.05%
 
—%
 
—%
ESOP growth rate
 
—%
 
—%
 
—%
 
—%
 
10.00%
 
10.00%


The overall investment objective of the plans is to balance risk and return so that obligations to employees are met. The Company evaluates its long-term rate of return on plan assets on an annual basis. In determining the long-term rate of return, the Company considers the nature of the plans’ investments, an expectation for the plans’ investment strategies and the historical rates of return. The assumed rate of return for 2011 for the U.S. plans was 7.75%. Average annual rates of return for the U.S. plans for the most recent 1-year, 5-year, 10-year, 15-year and 25-year periods were 3%, 3%, 6%, 7%, and 8%, respectively.  Similar assessments were performed in determining rates of return on international pension plan assets to arrive at the Company’s 2011 weighted-average rate of return of 5.91%.

Plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets and plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets as of December 31 consist of the following:
  
 
Years Ended December 31,
  
 
2011
 
2010
Benefit Obligation Exceeds Fair Value of Plan Assets
 
 
 
 
Projected benefit obligation
 
$
2,770

 
$
2,664

Fair value of plan assets
 
1,809

 
1,749

 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated benefit obligation
 
2,525

 
2,268

Fair value of plan assets
 
1,773

 
1,571



The medical cost trend rate of increase assumed in measuring the expected cost of benefits is projected to decrease from 8.0% in 2012 to 5.0% by 2018, remaining at 5.0% for the years thereafter. Changes in the assumed rate can have a significant effect on amounts reported. A 1% change in the assumed medical cost trend rate would have the following approximate effect:
  
 
One percentage point
  
 
Increase
 
Decrease
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation
 
$
89

 
$
(74
)
Annual expense
 
8

 
(6
)


Summarized information regarding the net periodic benefit costs for the Company’s defined benefit and other retiree benefit plans is as follows:
  
 
Pension Benefits
 
Other Retiree Benefits
  
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
  
 
United States
 
International
 
 
 
 
 
 
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service cost
 
$
24


$
42

 
$
42

 
$
19

 
$
17

 
$
15

 
$
12

 
$
13

 
$
10

Interest cost
 
100


94

 
95

 
36


35

 
37

 
39


38

 
36

Annual ESOP allocation
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
(6
)
 
(7
)
Expected return on plan assets
 
(110
)
 
(99
)
 
(89
)
 
(27
)
 
(26
)
 
(23
)
 
(3
)
 
(2
)
 
(2
)
Amortization of transition & prior service costs (credits)
 
9

 
5

 
4

 
3

 
3

 
3

 
2

 
1

 
—

Amortization of actuarial loss
 
46

 
52

 
50

 
9

 
9

 
5

 
16

 
19

 
13

Net periodic benefit cost
 
$
69

 
$
94

 
$
102

 
$
40

 
$
38

 
$
37

 
$
64

 
$
63

 
$
50

Other postretirement charges
 
—

 
23

 
—

 
3

 
1

 
—

 
1

 
8

 
—

Total pension cost
 
$
69

 
$
117

 
$
102

 
$
43

 
$
39

 
$
37

 
$
65

 
$
71

 
$
50

Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Net Periodic Benefit Cost
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Discount rate
 
5.30
%
 
5.75
%
(1) 
6.30
%
 
5.04
%
 
5.41
%
 
5.88
%
 
5.30
%
 
5.75
%
(1) 
5.80
%
Long-term rate of return on plan assets
 
8.00
%
 
8.00
%
 
8.00
%
 
6.23
%
 
6.58
%
 
6.70
%
 
8.00
%
 
8.00
%
 
8.00
%
Long-term rate of compensation increase
 
4.00
%
 
4.00
%
 
4.00
%
 
3.05
%
 
3.35
%
 
3.33
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
ESOP growth rate
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
10.00
%
 
10.00
%
 
10.00
%
_______
(1) 
Effective with the plan amendments on September 1, 2010, the Company was required to remeasure the benefit obligations and plan assets of the affected plans, and a new discount rate of 4.75% was used to determine net periodic benefit cost through the end of 2011.

Other postretirement charges in 2010 primarily relate to one-time termination benefits incurred pursuant to a voluntary early retirement program for selected individuals in the U.S.  

The Company made voluntary contributions of $178, $35 and $73 in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, to its U.S. postretirement plans.

Amounts recognized in Other Comprehensive Income during the year ended December 31, 2011 were as follows:
  
 
Before-Tax Amount
 
Net-of-Tax Amount
Net actuarial loss & prior service costs arising during the period
 
$
249

 
$
163

Amortization of net actuarial loss, transition & prior service costs
 
(85
)
 
(55
)
Total
 
$
164

 
$
108



The estimated actuarial loss and the estimated transition/prior service cost for defined benefit and other retiree benefit plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year is as follows:
  
 
Pension Benefits
 
Other Retiree Benefits
Net actuarial loss
 
$
69

 
$
16

Net transition & prior service cost
 
10

 
2



Expected Contributions & Benefit Payments

Management’s best estimate of voluntary contributions to U.S. pension plans for the year ending December 31, 2012 is approximately $100. Actual funding may differ from current estimates depending on the variability of the market value of the assets as compared to the obligation and other market or regulatory conditions.  

Total benefit payments to be paid to participants for the year ending December 31, 2012 from the Company's assets is estimated to be approximately $87. Total benefit payments expected to be paid to participants from plan assets, or payments directly from the Company’s assets to participants in unfunded plans, are as follows:
  
 
Pension Benefits
 
 
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
United States
 
International
 
Other Retiree Benefits
 
Total
2012
 
$
137

 
$
59

 
$
41

 
$
237

2013
 
125

 
41

 
42

 
208

2014
 
124

 
44

 
43

 
211

2015
 
126

 
45

 
44

 
215

2016
 
125

 
47

 
44

 
216

2017-2021
 
663

 
222

 
232

 
1,117