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Capital Stock and Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Details)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2016
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Dec. 31, 2015
USD ($)
$ / shares
shares
Feb. 19, 2015
USD ($)
May 10, 2013
plan
Preference Stock [Abstract]          
Shares authorized (in shares) 50,262,150        
Stock Repurchases [Abstract]          
Repurchased stock | $ $ 1,399 $ 1,335 $ 1,551    
Summary of common stock activity [Roll Forward]          
Common stock balance, January 1 (in shares) 883,108,963 892,738,518 906,712,145    
Common stock acquired (in shares) (19,185,828) (19,271,304) (22,802,784)    
Shares issued for stock options (in shares) 9,670,988 8,536,639 7,394,839    
Shares issued for restricted stock and other (in shares) 1,106,995 1,105,110 1,434,318    
Common stock balance, December 31 (in shares) 874,701,118 883,108,963 892,738,518    
Summary Of Treasury Stock Activity [Roll Forward]          
Treasury stock balance, January 1 (in shares) 582,597,397 572,967,842 558,994,215    
Common stock acquired (in shares) 19,185,828 19,271,304 22,802,784    
Shares issued for stock options (in shares) (9,670,988) (8,536,639) (7,394,839)    
Shares issued for restricted stock and other (in shares) (1,106,995) (1,105,110) (1,434,318)    
Treasury stock balance, December 31 (in shares) 591,005,242 582,597,397 572,967,842    
Stock-based compensation [Abstract]          
Number of stockholder approved plans, current | plan         1
Total stock-based compensation expense charged against pretax income | $ $ 127 $ 123 $ 125    
Total income tax benefit from stock compensation | $ $ 42 $ 40 $ 39    
Fair Value Assumptions [Abstract]          
Weighted-average estimated fair value of stock options granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 8.37 $ 8.10 $ 7.25    
Expected term (in years) 4 years 6 months 4 years 6 months 4 years 6 months    
Expected volatility rate (in hundredths) 16.00% 16.70% 17.60%    
Risk-free rate (in hundredths) 1.80% 1.20% 1.50%    
Expected dividend yield (in hundredths) 2.20% 2.10% 2.50%    
Summary of restricted stock award activity [Roll Forward]          
Restricted stock awards - beginning balance (in shares) 2,945,000        
Granted (in shares) 916,000        
Vested (in shares) (1,057,000)        
Forfeited (in shares) (74,000)        
Restricted stock awards - ending balance (in shares) 2,730,000 2,945,000      
Weighted average grant date fair value per award [Roll Forward]          
Weighted average grant date fair value of restricted stock awards - beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 66        
Weighted average grant date fair value of restricted stock awards - shares granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 74        
Weighted average grant date fair value of restricted stock awards - shares vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 62        
Weighted average grant date fair value of restricted stock awards - shares forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 67        
Weighted average grant date fair value of restricted stock awards - end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 70 $ 66      
Summary of stock option plan activity [Roll Forward]          
Options - beginning balance (in shares) 43,692,000        
Granted (in shares) 7,798,000        
Exercised (in shares) (10,118,000)        
Forfeited or expired (in shares) (393,000)        
Options - ending balance (in shares) 40,979,000 43,692,000      
Options exercisable (in shares) 25,349,000        
Additional disclosures pertaining to stock options [Abstract]          
Weighted average exercise price of options - beginning of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 61        
Weighted average exercise price of options - shares granted (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 73        
Weighted average exercise price of options - shares exercised (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 53        
Weighted average exercise price of options - shares forfeited or expired (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 68        
Weighted average exercise price of options - end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares 65 $ 61      
Weighted average exercise price of options exercisable - end of period (in dollars per share) | $ / shares $ 62        
Weighted average remaining contractual life, options outstanding (in years) 4 years        
Weighted average remaining contractual life, options exercisable (in years) 3 years        
Value of unexercised in-the-money options, options outstanding | $ $ 420        
Value of unexercised in-the-money options, options exercisable | $ 351        
Stock-based compensation, additional disclosures [Abstract]          
Tax benefit from exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock unit awards | $ 47 $ 59 $ 55    
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | $ $ 507 386 299    
Incentive Stock Plans          
Additional disclosures pertaining to stock based compensation [Abstract]          
Vesting period (in years) 3 years        
Number of shares available for grant (in shares) 9,870,000        
Unrecognized compensation expense | $ $ 52        
Unrecognized compensation expense, weighted-average period of recognition in years 2 years 1 month 6 days        
Total fair value of shares vested | $ $ 66 61 70    
Stock Option Plans          
Additional disclosures pertaining to stock based compensation [Abstract]          
Vesting period (in years) 3 years        
Number of shares available for grant (in shares) 20,997,000        
Unrecognized compensation expense | $ $ 45        
Unrecognized compensation expense, weighted-average period of recognition in years 1 year 6 months        
Stock-based compensation, additional disclosures [Abstract]          
Contractual term (in years) 6 years        
Total intrinsic value of options exercised | $ $ 201 $ 221 $ 200    
Program 2015          
Stock Repurchases [Abstract]          
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount | $       $ 5,000