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LONG-TERM INCENTIVE EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2014
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
LONG-TERM INCENTIVE EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION
LONG-TERM INCENTIVE EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION
Our long-term incentive plan (LTIP) is comprised of three components: non-qualified stock options (NQOs), restricted stock units (RSUs), and performance units (PSUs). The majority of RSUs settle in shares; however RSUs granted to international employees settle in cash. The PSU awards are accounted for as two distinct awards based on both a relative total shareholder return (TSR) performance metric component and a return on invested capital (ROIC) performance metric component. Each component is equally weighted and settled in shares dependent upon the performance achieved following a three-year performance period. TSR awards granted prior to 2013 settle in cash. Awards that settle in cash are accounted for as liability-based awards.
LTIP costs are primarily recorded within general and administrative expenses, and are reduced by an estimated forfeiture rate. The following table provides the components of these costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.
 
Three Months
 
Nine Months
For the Periods Ended September 30
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
Equity-based awards
$
4.0

 
$
3.5

 
$
10.8

 
$
9.7

Liability-based awards
1.0

 
1.4

 
2.9

 
2.2

Total share-based compensation expense
$
5.0

 
$
4.9

 
$
13.7

 
$
11.9


At September 30, 2014, there was $22.5 of estimated unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested equity-based awards that is expected to be recognized ratably over a weighted-average period of 2.1 years. Total estimated unrecognized compensation cost projected to be incurred for unvested liability-based awards as of September 30, 2014 was $3.4; this is expected to be recognized ratably over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years.
Year-to-Date 2014 LTIP Activity
The majority of our LTIP activity occurs during the first quarter of each year. The majority of LTIP grants occurred on March 4, 2014. During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, we granted the following LTIP awards as provided in the table below:
 
# of Awards Granted
Grant Date Fair Value
NQOs
0.2
 
$
11.93

RSUs
0.3
 
$
43.52

TSR
0.1
 
$
48.78

ROIC
0.1
 
$
42.20


The NQOs vest either on the completion of a three-year service period or annually in three equal installments, as determined by employee level, and have a ten-year expiration period. RSUs, TSR awards, and ROIC awards vest on the completion of a three-year service period.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, 0.8 and 1.7 stock options were exercised resulting in proceeds of $14.3 and $28.0, respectively. In addition, during the nine months of 2014 and 2013, 0.3 restricted stock units vested and were issued.
The fair value of each NQO grant was estimated on the date of grant using a binomial lattice pricing model that incorporates multiple and variable assumptions over time, including assumptions such as employee exercise patterns, stock price volatility and changes in dividends. The following table details the weighted average assumptions used to measure fair value and the resulting grant date fair value of NQOs granted during the first nine months of 2014. 
Dividend yield
1.0
%
Expected volatility
29.6
%
Expected life
5.8 years

Risk-free rates
1.8
%
Grant date fair value
$
11.93


Expected volatility for NQOs granted during 2014 were determined using a combination of ITT's implied volatility and the average historical volatility over a ten year period for a peer group of companies that closely align to ITT. Historical data is used to estimate option exercise and employee termination behavior within the valuation model. Option characteristics, such as vesting terms, are considered separately for valuation purposes. The expected life represents an estimate of the period of time options are expected to remain outstanding. The expected life provided above represents the weighted average of options granted with differing vesting terms. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of option grant.
The grant date fair value of RSUs corresponds to the closing price of ITT common stock on the date of grant.
The grant date fair value of the ROIC awards was based on the closing price of ITT common stock on the date of grant less the present value of expected dividend payments during the vesting period. A dividend yield of 1.0% was assumed based on ITT's annualized dividend payment of $0.44 per share and the March 4, 2014 closing stock price of $43.52. The fair value of the ROIC award is fixed on the grant date; however, a probability assessment is performed each reporting period to estimate the likelihood of achieving the ROIC targets and the amount of compensation to be recognized. The ROIC award payout is subject to a payout factor which includes a maximum and minimum payout.
The grant date fair value of TSR awards granted in 2013 and 2014 were measured using a Monte Carlo simulation, measuring potential total shareholder return for ITT relative to the other companies in the S&P 400 Capital Goods Index (the TSR Performance Group). The expected volatility of ITT's stock price was based on the historical volatility of a peer group while expected volatility for the other companies in the TSR Performance Group was based on their own stock price history. All volatility and correlation measures were based on three years of daily historical price data through March 4, 2014, corresponding to the three-year performance period of the award. The TSR award payout is subject to a multiplier which includes a maximum and minimum payout. As the grant date occurred after the beginning of the performance period, actual TSR performance between the beginning of the performance period (December 2013 average closing stock price) and the grant date was reflected in the valuation. A dividend yield of 1.0% was assumed based on ITT's annualized dividend payment of $0.44 per share and the March 4, 2014 closing stock price of $43.52.
The fair value of TSR awards granted prior to 2013 is remeasured on a quarterly basis and corresponds to ITT's total shareholder return as compared to the total shareholder return of companies within the S&P 400 Capital Goods Index, subject to a multiplier which includes a maximum and minimum payout. The relative performance ranking calculated is adjusted to reflect expected volatility over the remaining term of the award using a Monte Carlo simulation.