Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 28, 2026

Notes to Financial Statements

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Our fiscal years are based on a 52- or 53-week period ending on the last Saturday in December. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 27, 2025, has been derived from our audited financial statements at that date. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 28, 2026, (also referred to as “the first quarter of fiscal 2026” and “the first three months of fiscal 2026”) and March 29, 2025, (also referred to as “the first quarter of fiscal 2025” and “the first three months of fiscal 2025”) are unaudited. However, in management’s opinion, these financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal, recurring items) necessary to provide a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The first quarter of fiscal 2026 and 2025 were both comprised of 13 weeks.

Our interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that should be expected for the full year. The condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein reflect estimates and assumptions made by management at March 28, 2026 and for the three-month period ended March 28, 2026. For a better understanding of Cohu, Inc. and our financial statements, we recommend reading these interim condensed consolidated financial statements in conjunction with our audited financial statements for the year ended December 27, 2025, which are included in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In the following notes to our interim condensed consolidated financial statements, Cohu, Inc., is referred to as “Cohu”, the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us”.

All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, short-term investments and trade accounts receivable. We invest in a variety of financial instruments and, by policy, limit the amount of credit exposure with any one issuer.

Our trade accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for credit losses, which is determined in accordance with the guidance provided by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (“ASC 326”). At March 28, 2026, and December 27, 2025, our allowance for credit losses was $0.5 million, and $0.1 million, respectively. Our customers include semiconductor manufacturers and semiconductor test subcontractors and other customers located throughout many areas of the world. While we believe that our allowance for credit losses is adequate and represents our best estimate at March 28, 2026, we will continue to monitor customer liquidity and other economic conditions, which may result in changes to our estimates regarding expected credit losses.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined on a first-in, first-out basis, or net realizable value. Cost includes labor, material and overhead costs. Determining the net realizable value of inventories involves numerous estimates and judgments including projecting average selling prices and sales volumes for future periods. As a result of these analyses, we record a charge to cost of sales in advance of the period when the inventory is sold when estimated market values are below our costs.

Inventories by category were as follows (in thousands):

	March 28,		December 27,
	2026		2025
Raw materials and purchased parts	$	87,964	$	84,797
Work in process		23,855		23,388
Finished goods		18,986		20,821
Total inventories	$	130,805	$	129,006

Property, Plant and Equipment

Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment, both owned and under financing lease, is calculated principally on the straight‑line method based on estimated useful lives of thirty to forty years for buildings, five to fifteen years for building improvements, three to ten years for machinery, equipment and software, and the lease life for financing leases. Land is not depreciated. Property, plant and equipment, at cost, consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 28,			December 27,
	2026			2025
Land and land improvements	$	12,057		$	12,364
Buildings and building improvements		50,343			49,469
Machinery and equipment		104,346			103,273
		166,746			165,106
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization		(90,074	)		(88,119	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	76,672		$	76,987

Cloud-based Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation Costs

We have capitalized certain costs associated with the implementation of our cloud-based Enterprise Resource Planning (“ERP”) system in accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (“ASC 350”). Capitalized costs include only external direct costs of materials and services consumed in developing the system and interest costs incurred, when material, while developing the system.

Total unamortized capitalized cloud computing implementation costs totaled $6.3 million and $7.0 million at March 28, 2026, and December 27, 2025, respectively. These amounts are recorded in other assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Implementation costs are amortized using the straight-line method over seven years and we recorded $0.7 million in amortization expense during both the three months ended March 28, 2026, and March 29, 2025.

Segment Information

We apply the provisions of ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting (“ASC 280”), which sets forth a management approach to segment reporting and establishes requirements to report selected segment information quarterly and to report annually entity-wide disclosures about products, major customers and the geographies in which the entity holds material assets and reports revenue. Under ASC 280, an operating segment is defined as a component that engages in business activities whose operating results are reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and for which discrete financial information is available. We have determined that our three identified operating segments are: Test Handler (“TH”), Semiconductor Tester (“ST”) and Interface Solutions (“IS”). Our TH, ST and IS operating segments qualify for aggregation under ASC 280 due to similarities in their customers, their economic characteristics, and the nature of products and services provided. As a result, we report in one segment, Semiconductor Test and Inspection Equipment (“Semiconductor Test & Inspection”).

Goodwill, Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets

We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Goodwill impairment testing is performed at the reporting unit level by comparing the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the carrying value exceeds fair value, an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value, limited to the carrying amount of goodwill.

We estimate the fair values of our reporting units using a weighting of the income and market approaches. Under the income approach, we use a discounted cash flow methodology, which requires significant judgment and estimates related to, among other things, forecasted revenues, gross profit margins, operating income margins, working capital cash flows, perpetual growth rates, and long‑term discount rates. The market approach utilizes the guideline public company method, under which valuation multiples derived from comparable publicly traded companies with similar operating and investment characteristics are applied to the reporting unit’s operating performance metrics. The indicated values derived from the income and market approaches are equally weighted to determine the estimated fair value of each reporting unit.

Forecasts of future cash flows are based on management’s best estimates of future net sales and operating expenses, taking into account customer forecasts, industry trade organization data, and general economic and market conditions. Fair value measurements are inherently subjective and sensitive to changes in assumptions. Adverse changes in forecasted results, discount rates, long‑term growth assumptions, macroeconomic conditions, customer demand, competitive dynamics, or other factors could result in a reduction in the estimated fair value of one or more reporting units.

We performed our annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1, 2025, and determined that the estimated fair values of our reporting units exceeded their respective carrying values. As disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for fiscal 2025, our IS reporting unit had less excess fair value over carrying value relative to our other reporting units as of the annual assessment date. Goodwill associated with the IS reporting unit represented approximately 39% of total goodwill as of the annual assessment date. Based on our analysis, including all relevant qualitative and quantitative factors, we concluded that no impairment existed as of the annual assessment date.

Goodwill is also required to be evaluated for impairment between annual testing dates if indicators of impairment arise. Based on our evaluation of events, including operating results and market conditions through March 28, 2026, we determined that no such triggering events had occurred. If circumstances change and an interim impairment assessment is required, it could result in a non‑cash impairment charge, which could be material and would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets might not be recoverable. Conditions that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset, a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or any other significant adverse change that would indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets, impairment losses are only recorded if the asset’s carrying amount is not recoverable through its undiscounted future cash flows. We measure the impairment loss based on the difference between the carrying amount and estimated fair value.

During the first three months of fiscal 2026 and 2025, no events or conditions occurred suggesting an impairment in our long-lived assets.

Product Warranty

Product warranty costs are accrued in the period sales are recognized. Our products are generally sold with standard warranty periods, which differ by product, ranging from 12 to 36 months. Parts and labor are typically covered under the terms of the warranty agreement. Our warranty expense accruals are based on historical and estimated costs by product and configuration. From time to time we offer customers extended warranties beyond the standard warranty period. In those situations, the revenue relating to the extended warranty is deferred at its estimated relative standalone selling price and recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period. Costs associated with our extended warranty contracts are expensed as incurred.

Restructuring Costs

We record restructuring activities including costs for one-time termination benefits in accordance with ASC Topic 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (“ASC 420”). The timing of recognition for severance costs accounted for under ASC 420 depends on whether employees are required to render service until they are terminated in order to receive the termination benefits. If employees are required to render service until they are terminated in order to receive the termination benefits, a liability is recognized ratably over the future service period. Otherwise, a liability is recognized when management has committed to a restructuring plan and has communicated those actions to employees. Employee termination benefits covered by existing benefit arrangements are recorded in accordance with ASC Topic 712, Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits. These costs are recognized when management has committed to a restructuring plan and the severance costs are probable and estimable. See Note 4, “Restructuring Charges” for additional information.

Debt Issuance Costs

We defer costs related to the issuance of debt. Debt issuance costs directly related to our Convertible Notes (the “Notes”) presented within noncurrent liabilities as a reduction of long-term debt in our consolidated balance sheets. The amortization of such costs is recognized as interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the respective debt issue. Amortization related to deferred debt issuance costs and original discount costs was $0.4 million for the three months ended March 28, 2026.

Foreign Remeasurement and Currency Translation

Assets and liabilities of our wholly owned foreign subsidiaries that use the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency are re-measured using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period, except for nonmonetary assets, such as inventories and property, plant and equipment, which are re-measured using historical exchange rates. Revenues and costs are re-measured using average exchange rates for the period, except for costs related to those balance sheet items that are re-measured using historical exchange rates. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are recognized as incurred. During the three months ended March 28, 2026, we recognized foreign exchange losses, net of the impact of foreign exchange derivative contracts, of $0.1 million, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 29, 2025, we recognized foreign exchange losses, net of the impact of foreign exchange derivative contracts, of $0.1 million.

Certain of our foreign subsidiaries have designated the local currency as their functional currency and, as a result, their assets and liabilities are translated at the rate of exchange at the balance sheet date, while revenue and expenses are translated using the average exchange rate for the period. Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments resulting from the translation of the financial statements are included as a separate component of stockholders’ equity.

Foreign Exchange Derivative Contracts

We operate and sell our products in various global markets. As a result, we are exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. To minimize foreign exchange volatility, we enter into foreign currency forward contracts with a financial institution to hedge against future movements in foreign exchange rates. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. The accounting for changes in the fair value of our derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative and whether we have elected to designate a derivative as a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting. All derivative instruments are recognized at fair value on our condensed consolidated balance sheets and all changes in fair value are recognized in net earnings or in the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity through accumulated other comprehensive loss (AOCL).

For contracts that qualify for hedge accounting treatment, the hedge contracts must be effective at reducing the risk associated with the exposure being hedged and must be designated as a hedge at the inception of the contract. Hedge effectiveness is assessed periodically. For accounting purposes, certain of our foreign currency forward contracts are not designated as hedging instruments and, accordingly, we record the fair value of these contracts as of the end of our reporting period in our condensed consolidated balance sheets with changes in fair value recorded within foreign transaction gain (loss) in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for both realized and unrealized gains and losses.

See Note 7, “Derivative Financial Instruments” for additional information.

Share-Based Compensation

We measure and recognize all share-based compensation under the fair value method. Reported share-based compensation is classified in the condensed consolidated interim financial statements as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 28,			March 29,
	2026			2025
Cost of sales	$	274		$	325
Research and development		968			1,219
Selling, general and administrative		5,034			4,686
Total share-based compensation		6,276			6,230
Income tax effect		(163	)		(1,815	)
Total share-based compensation, net	$	6,113		$	4,415

Loss Per Share

Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted loss per share includes the dilutive effect of common shares potentially issuable upon the exercise of stock options, vesting of outstanding restricted stock and performance stock units and issuance of stock under our employee stock purchase plan using the treasury stock method. In loss periods, potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the per share computations due to their anti-dilutive effect. For purposes of computing diluted loss per share, certain restricted and performance stock units and stock options with exercise prices that exceed the average fair market value of our common stock for the period are excluded. The dilutive effect of the Notes is calculated under the if-converted method. Shares issuable upon conversion of the Notes are excluded from diluted net loss per common share in any quarter when the weighted average fair market value of our common stock is below the conversion price. For the year to date diluted net loss per common share calculation, the number of incremental common shares is determined by averaging the number of incremental common shares included in each calculation of quarterly diluted net loss per common share. For the three months ended March 28, 2026, approximately 5,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock were excluded from the computation. For the three months ended March 29, 2025, 701,000 potentially issuable shares were excluded from the computation. All shares repurchased and held as treasury stock are reflected as a reduction to our basic weighted average shares outstanding based on the trade date of the share repurchase.

The following table reconciles the denominators used in computing basic and diluted loss per share (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
	March 28,		March 29,
	2026		2025
Weighted average common shares		46,996		46,645
Effect of dilutive securities		-		-
		46,996		46,645

Leases

We determine if a contract contains a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right of use (“ROU”) assets, current other accrued liabilities, and long-term lease liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, other current accrued liabilities, and long-term lease liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at January 1, 2019, the adoption date of ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), or the commencement date for leases entered into after the adoption date. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rates for the remaining lease terms based on the information available at the adoption date or commencement date in determining the present value of future payments.

The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made, lease incentives, favorable and unfavorable lease terms recognized in business acquisitions and excludes initial direct costs incurred and variable lease payments. Variable lease payments include estimated payments that are subject to reconciliations throughout the lease term, increases or decreases in the contractual rent payments, as a result of changes in indices or interest rates and tax payments that are based on prevailing rates. Our lease terms may include renewal options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise those options. In addition, we include purchase option amounts in our calculations when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise those options. Rent expense for minimum payments under operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term.

Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet but recognized in our consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component and include both in our calculation of the ROU assets and lease liabilities.

We sublease certain leased assets to third parties, mainly as a result of unused space in our facilities. None of our subleases contain extension options. Variable lease payments in our subleases include tax payments that are based on prevailing rates. We account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

Revenue Recognition

Our net sales are derived from the sale of products and services and are adjusted for estimated returns and allowances, which historically have been insignificant. We recognize revenue when the obligations under the terms of a contract with our customers are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of our systems and non-system products or the completion of services. In circumstances where control is not transferred until destination or acceptance, we defer revenue recognition until such events occur.

Revenue for established products that have previously satisfied a customer’s acceptance requirements is generally recognized upon shipment. In cases where a prior history of customer acceptance cannot be demonstrated and in the case of new products, revenue and cost of sales are deferred until customer acceptance has been received. Our post-shipment obligations typically include standard warranties. Service revenue is recognized over time as we transfer control to our customer for the related contract or upon completion of the services if they are short-term in nature. Spares, contactor and kit revenue is generally recognized upon shipment.

Certain of our equipment sales have multiple performance obligations that may occur at different points in time or over different periods of time. For arrangements containing multiple performance obligations, the revenue relating to the undelivered performance obligation is deferred using the relative standalone selling price method utilizing estimated sales prices until satisfaction of the deferred performance obligation.

Unsatisfied performance obligations primarily represent contracts for products with future delivery dates. At March 28, 2026, we had $4.9 million of revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that were unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) for contracts with original expected durations of over one year. As allowed under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), we have opted to not disclose unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with original expected durations of less than one year.

We generally sell our equipment with a product warranty. The product warranty provides assurance to customers that delivered products are as specified in the contract (an “assurance-type warranty”). Therefore, we account for such product warranties under ASC Topic 460, Guarantees (“ASC 460”), and not as a separate performance obligation.

The transaction price reflects our expectations about the consideration we will be entitled to receive from the customer and may include fixed or variable amounts. Fixed consideration primarily includes sales to customers in which the amount of consideration is known as of the end of the reporting period. Variable consideration includes sales in which the amount of consideration that we will receive is unknown as of the end of a reporting period. Such consideration primarily includes sales made to certain customers with cumulative tier volume discounts offered. Variable consideration arrangements are rare; however, when they occur, we estimate variable consideration as the expected value to which we expect to be entitled. Included in the transaction price estimate are amounts in which it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Variable consideration that does not meet revenue recognition criteria is deferred.

For contracts that are less than one year in duration, we have elected to use the practical expedient available in ASC 606 to expense cost to obtain contracts as they are incurred because they would be amortized over less than one year.

Accounts receivable represents our unconditional right to receive consideration from our customer. Payment terms do not exceed one year from the invoice date and therefore do not include a significant financing component. To date, there have been no material impairment losses on accounts receivable. There were no material contract assets or contract liabilities recorded on our condensed consolidated balance sheet in any of the periods presented.

On shipments where sales are not recognized, gross profit is recorded as deferred profit in our condensed consolidated balance sheet, representing the difference between the receivable recorded and the inventory shipped. In certain instances where customer payments are received prior to product shipment, the customer’s payments are recorded as customer advances. At March 28, 2026, we had deferred revenue totaling approximately $13.4 million, current deferred profit of $7.6 million and deferred profit expected to be recognized after one year included in noncurrent other accrued liabilities of $3.6 million. At December 27, 2025, we had deferred revenue totaling approximately $15.3 million, current deferred profit of $8.6 million and deferred profit expected to be recognized after one year included in noncurrent other accrued liabilities of $3.7 million.

Net sales by type are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
Disaggregated Net Sales	March 28, 2026		March 29, 2025
Systems	$	49,440	$	35,642
Non-systems		75,679		61,155
Total net sales	$	125,119	$	96,797

Revenue by geographic area based upon product shipment destination was (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended
Disaggregated Net Sales	March 28, 2026		March 29, 2025
Malaysia	$	20,839	$	18,162
Philippines		16,786		13,186
Taiwan		14,818		6,287
China		13,507		14,128
Rest of the World		59,169		45,034
Total net sales	$	125,119	$	96,797

A small number of customers historically have been responsible for a significant portion of our net sales. Significant customer concentration information is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 28,		March 29,
	2026		2025
Customers individually representing more than 10% of net sales		*	one
Percentage of net sales		*	11%

* No single customer represented more than 10% of consolidated net sales.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Our accumulated other comprehensive loss balance totaled approximately $38.1 million and $32.5 million at March 28, 2026 and December 27, 2025, respectively, and was attributed to all non-owner changes in stockholders’ equity and consists of, on an after-tax basis where applicable, foreign currency adjustments resulting from the translation of certain of our subsidiary accounts where the functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar, unrealized loss on investments and adjustments related to postretirement benefits. Reclassification adjustments from accumulated other comprehensive loss during the three months of fiscal 2026 and 2025 were not significant.

Retiree Medical Benefits

We provide post-retirement health benefits to certain retired executives, one director (who is a former executive) and their eligible dependents under a noncontributory plan. These benefits are no longer offered to any other retired Cohu employees. The net periodic benefit cost incurred during the three months of fiscal 2026 and 2025 was not significant.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, requiring public entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements on an interim and annual basis. The FASB subsequently issued ASU 2025-01, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date, to clarify the effective date of ASU 2024-03. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting the new standard; however, we do not expect it to have a material impact on Cohu’s financial statements other than enhanced disclosures.