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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2012
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
INCOME TAXES
 
Income tax expense includes a provision for federal, state and foreign taxes based on the annual estimated effective tax rate applicable to us and our subsidiaries, adjusted for items which are considered discrete to the period. Our estimated effective tax rates for the three and six months ended March 31, 2012 were 27.4% and 30.9%. Our effective tax rate for the three and six months ended March 31, 2012 were lower than the statutory rate of 35% primarily due to permanent differences related to the benefit of foreign tax credits, the benefit of income subject to foreign tax rates that are lower than U.S. tax rates, the benefit of releasing state tax reserves accrued under ASC 740-10 (formerly FASB Financial Interpretation No. 48, "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes") and related interest, the benefit of federal and California research and development tax credits, the benefit of a domestic production activities deduction and the benefit from the unrealized gain on life insurance policy investments related to our deferred compensation plans. These amounts are partially offset by deemed dividend inclusions under the Subpart F tax rules, a valuation allowance related to California research and development tax credits, state income taxes, limitations on the utilization of certain foreign losses, stock compensation not deductible for tax purposes and limitations on the deductibility of compensation under IRC Section 162(m).

Determining the consolidated provision for income taxes, income tax liabilities and deferred tax assets and liabilities involves judgment. We calculate and provide for income taxes in each of the tax jurisdictions in which we operate, which involves estimating current tax exposures as well as making judgments regarding the recoverability of deferred tax assets in each jurisdiction. The estimates used could differ from actual results, which may have a significant impact on operating results in future periods.
 
As of March 31, 2012, the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was $25.7 million of which $16.6 million, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rate. Our total gross unrecognized tax benefits, net of certain deferred tax assets, were classified as other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
 
Our policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the provision for income taxes. As of March 31, 2012, the total amount of gross interest and penalties accrued was $1.3 million, which is classified as other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
 
We are subject to taxation and file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in many state and foreign jurisdictions. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, all years prior to 2005 are closed. In our major state jurisdiction and our major foreign jurisdiction, the years subsequent to 2001 and 2005, respectively, currently remain open and could be subject to examination by the taxing authorities. In December 2011 and January 2012, our three German subsidiaries received notices of tax audits for the fiscal years 2006 through 2010. These audits are currently in process.

Management believes that it has adequately provided for any adjustments that may result from tax examinations. The Company regularly engages in discussions and negotiations with tax authorities regarding tax matters in various jurisdictions. It is reasonably possible that certain federal, foreign and state tax matters may be concluded in the next 12 months and we anticipate a lapse in certain statute of limitations which could result in a release of tax reserves and related interest expense under ASC Subtopic 740 "Income Taxes." Specific positions that may be resolved include issues involving research and development credits, transfer pricing and various other matters. The Company estimates that the net unrecognized tax benefits and related interest at March 31, 2012 could be reduced by approximately $0.3 million to $1.1 million in the next 12 months.

Deferred Income Taxes
 
As of March 31, 2012, our condensed consolidated balance sheet included net deferred tax assets, before valuation allowance, of approximately $64.6 million, which consists of tax credits carryovers, accruals and reserves, competent authority offset to transfer pricing tax reserves, employee stock-based compensation expenses, and certain other liabilities. Management periodically evaluates the realizability of our net deferred tax assets based on all available evidence, both positive and negative. The realization of net deferred tax assets is solely dependent on our ability to generate sufficient future taxable income in the applicable jurisdictions during periods prior to the expiration of tax statutes to fully utilize these assets.  After evaluating all available evidence, we have determined that it is “more likely than not” that a portion of the deferred tax assets would not be realized and we have a total valuation allowance of $10.4 million as of March 31, 2012.  We intend to maintain the valuation allowance until sufficient positive evidence exists to support reversal of the valuation allowance.