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PRODUCTIVITY, INTEGRATION AND RESTRUCTURING INITIATIVES (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Productivity and Reinvestment
The following table summarizes the balance of accrued expenses related to these productivity and reinvestment initiatives and the changes in the accrued amounts (in millions):
 
Severance Pay
and Benefits

 
Outside Services

 
Other
Direct Costs

 
Total

2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued balance at beginning of year
$
144

 
$
8

 
$
52

 
$
204

Costs incurred
95

 
27

 
230

 
352

Payments
(114
)
 
(30
)
 
(205
)
 
(349
)
Noncash and exchange
(2
)
 
1

 
(55
)
 
(56
)
Accrued balance at end of year
$
123

 
$
6

 
$
22

 
$
151

2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Costs incurred
$
310

 
$
79

 
$
261

 
$
650

Payments
(181
)
 
(83
)
 
(267
)
 
(531
)
Noncash and exchange
(62
)
1 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 
(64
)
Accrued balance at end of year
$
190

 
$
1

 
$
15

 
$
206

2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Costs incurred
$
164

 
$
92

 
$
252

 
$
508

Payments
(209
)
 
(83
)
 
(211
)
 
(503
)
Noncash and exchange
(69
)
1 
—

 
(52
)
 
(121
)
Accrued balance at end of year
$
76

 
$
10

 
$
4

 
$
90


1 
Includes pension settlement charges. Refer to Note 14.