Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration insurance contracts, reconciliation of claims development to liability

The table below reconciles the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses to the amount presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

As of December 31
(In millions)	2024
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Specialty	$	5,979
Commercial	9,939
International	2,416
Life & Group (1)	541
Corporate & Other	388
Total net claim and claim adjustment expenses	19,263
Reinsurance receivables: (2)
Specialty	1,447
Commercial	1,397
International	504
Life & Group	81
Corporate & Other (3)	2,284
Total reinsurance receivables	5,713
Total gross liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses	$	24,976

(1) The Life & Group segment amounts are related to unfunded structured settlements arising from short-duration contracts.

(2) Reinsurance receivables presented are gross of the allowance for uncollectible reinsurance and do not include reinsurance receivables related to paid losses.

(3) The Corporate & Other Reinsurance receivables are primarily related to A&EP claims covered under the A&EP Loss Portfolio Transfer (LPT).

Schedule of liability for unpaid claims and claims adjustment expense

The following table presents a reconciliation between beginning and ending claim and claim adjustment expense reserves.

As of or for the years ended December 31
(In millions)	2024		2023		2022
Reserves, beginning of year:
Gross	$	23,304	$	22,120	$	21,269
Ceded	5,141		5,191		4,969
Net reserves, beginning of year	18,163		16,929		16,300
Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Provision for insured events of current year	6,330		5,667		5,181
Increase (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior years	42		48		(32)
Amortization of discount	39		44		44
Total net incurred (1)	6,411		5,759		5,193
Net payments attributable to:
Current year events	(1,093)		(922)		(821)
Prior year events	(4,096)		(3,679)		(3,481)
Total net payments	(5,189)		(4,601)		(4,302)
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other	(122)		76		(262)
Net reserves, end of year	19,263		18,163		16,929
Ceded reserves, end of year	5,713		5,141		5,191
Gross reserves, end of year	$	24,976	$	23,304	$	22,120

(1) Total net incurred does not agree to Insurance claims and policyholders' benefits as reflected on the Consolidated Statements of Operations due to amounts related to retroactive reinsurance deferred gain accounting and uncollectible reinsurance, which are not reflected in the table above.

Gross and net carried claim and claim adjustment expense reserves

The following tables present the gross and net carried reserves.

December 31, 2024	Specialty		Commercial		International		Life & Group		Corporate & Other		Total
(In millions)
Gross Case Reserves	$	2,023	$	3,690	$	876	$	572	$	1,241	$	8,402
Gross IBNR Reserves	5,403		7,646		2,044		50		1,431		16,574
Total Gross Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves	$	7,426	$	11,336	$	2,920	$	622	$	2,672	$	24,976
Net Case Reserves	$	1,697	$	3,135	$	741	$	514	$	120	$	6,207
Net IBNR Reserves	4,282		6,804		1,675		27		268		13,056
Total Net Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves	$	5,979	$	9,939	$	2,416	$	541	$	388	$	19,263

December 31, 2023	Specialty		Commercial		International		Life & Group		Corporate & Other		Total
(In millions)
Gross Case Reserves	$	1,604	$	3,291	$	864	$	626	$	1,353	$	7,738
Gross IBNR Reserves	5,527		6,812		1,845		49		1,333		15,566
Total Gross Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves	$	7,131	$	10,103	$	2,709	$	675	$	2,686	$	23,304
Net Case Reserves	$	1,392	$	2,878	$	708	$	556	$	129	$	5,663
Net IBNR Reserves	4,524		6,143		1,568		26		239		12,500
Total Net Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves	$	5,916	$	9,021	$	2,276	$	582	$	368	$	18,163

Net prior year development

The following table presents development recorded for the Specialty, Commercial, International and Corporate & Other segments.

Years ended December 31
(In millions)	2024		2023		2022
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Specialty	$	(9)	$	(14)	$	(40)
Commercial	(16)		(22)		(43)
International	(6)		13		(13)
Corporate & Other	79		71		64
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	48	$	48	$	(32)

Impact of loss portfolio transfer on the consolidated statement of operations

The following table presents the impact of the Loss Portfolio Transfer on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Years ended December 31
(In millions)	2024		2023		2022
Additional amounts ceded under LPT:
Net A&EP adverse development before consideration of LPT	$	103	$	86	$	92
Provision for uncollectible third-party reinsurance on A&EP	—		—		(5)
Total additional amounts ceded under LPT	103		86		87
Retroactive reinsurance benefit recognized	(95)		(94)		(91)
Pretax impact of deferred retroactive reinsurance	$	8	$	(8)	$	(4)

Specialty

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration insurance contracts, reconciliation of claims development to liability

The table below provides the line of business composition of the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for the Specialty segment.

As of December 31
(In millions)	2024
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Medical Professional Liability	$	1,425
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability	3,967
Surety	493
Warranty	46
Other	48
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses	$	5,979

Net prior year claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development

The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the Specialty segment.

Years ended December 31
(In millions)	2024		2023		2022
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Medical Professional Liability	$	(8)	$	5	$	18
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability	49		37		50
Surety	(68)		(43)		(83)
Warranty	20		(11)		(21)
Other	(2)		(2)		(4)
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(9)	$	(14)	$	(40)

Commercial

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration insurance contracts, reconciliation of claims development to liability

The table below provides the line of business composition of the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for the Commercial segment.

As of December 31
(In millions)	2024
Net Claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Commercial Auto	$	1,247
General Liability	4,356
Workers' Compensation	3,543
Property and Other	793
Total net liability for claim and claim adjustment expenses	$	9,939

Net prior year claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development

The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the Commercial segment.

Years ended December 31
(In millions)	2024		2023		2022
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Commercial Auto	$	107	$	33	$	49
General Liability	75		149		67
Workers' Compensation	(202)		(203)		(152)
Property and Other	4		(1)		(7)
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(16)	$	(22)	$	(43)

International

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration insurance contracts, reconciliation of claims development to liability

The table below provides the composition of the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for the International segment.

As of December 31
(In millions)	2024
Net Claim and claim adjustment expenses:
International excluding Hardy	$	1,754
Hardy	662
Total net liability for claim and claim adjustment expenses	$	2,416

Net prior year claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserve development

The following table presents further detail of the development recorded for the International segment.

Years ended December 31
(In millions)	2024		2023		2022
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development:
Commercial	$	(12)	$	(18)	$	(10)
Specialty	6		35		(4)
Other	—		(4)		1
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	(6)	$	13	$	(13)

CNAF Consolidated

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Schedule of historical claims duration

The table below presents information about average historical claims duration as of December 31, 2024 and is presented as required supplementary information, which is unaudited.

Average Annual Percentage Payout of Ultimate Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses in Year:
	1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8		9		10
Specialty
Medical Professional Liability	3.6	%	16.3	%	21.8	%	16.6	%	12.7	%	8.9	%	5.7	%	3.2	%	1.1	%	1.6	%
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability	6.5	%	19.6	%	19.2	%	14.7	%	10.5	%	6.9	%	5.6	%	6.1	%	2.5	%	0.6	%
Surety (1)	17.3	%	41.0	%	16.4	%	8.1	%	3.9	%	6.2	%	(2.3)	%	(0.3)	%	1.1	%	—	%
Commercial
Commercial Auto	23.7	%	22.3	%	18.4	%	14.6	%	10.5	%	5.1	%	2.4	%	0.9	%	0.5	%	1.1	%
General Liability	3.4	%	12.5	%	15.7	%	16.8	%	13.8	%	9.2	%	7.1	%	5.7	%	3.2	%	1.2	%
Workers' Compensation	16.8	%	23.4	%	14.2	%	8.8	%	5.9	%	3.8	%	2.3	%	1.2	%	1.0	%	0.6	%
International
International - Excluding Hardy	16.2	%	21.0	%	9.6	%	6.5	%	6.1	%	6.5	%	7.5	%	2.7	%	3.9	%	2.3	%
International - Hardy	15.4	%	28.9	%	15.3	%	8.6	%	5.2	%	6.2	%	1.8	%	3.3	%	(0.3)	%	(5.1)	%

(1) Due to the nature of the Surety business, average annual percentage payout of ultimate net incurred claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses has been calculated using only the payouts of mature accident years presented in the loss reserve development tables.

Hardy | International

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year																				As of December 31, 2024
(In millions, except reported claims data)	2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024			IBNR		Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year
2015	$	185	$	174	$	172	$	172	$	171	$	173	$	173	$	175	$	174	$	176		$	1	9,754
2016			223		240		230		219		220		214		215		219		220			6		10,940
2017					240		249		240		241		249		248		237		248			1		13,373
2018							264		293		297		302		301		319		319			23		15,513
2019									216		219		214		221		217		219			14		11,868
2020											206		198		192		189		188			40		7,250
2021													174		164		151		142			43		4,098
2022															187		184		189			58		2,785
2023																	197		188			104		2,558
2024																			221			165		1,495
																	Total		$	2,110		$	455

Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense

Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024
Accident Year
2015	$	29	$	95	$	126	$	141	$	151	$	159	$	161	$	170	$	169	$	160
2016			62		142		168		177		189		201		201		205		205
2017					52		149		181		203		211		222		227		234
2018							54		167		196		228		245		266		279
2019									43		101		138		155		165		187
2020											27		76		102		117		130
2021													13		43		66		84
2022															23		57		103
2023																	17		54
2024																			16
Total																			$	1,452
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented																			$	658
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015																			(5)
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented																			9
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses																			$	662

Short-duration contracts reserve development

Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.

For the years ended December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024		Total(2)
Accident Year
2015	$	(11)	$	(2)	$	—	$	(1)	$	2	$	—	$	2	$	(1)	$	2	$	(9)
2016			17		(10)		(11)		1		(6)		1		4		1		(3)
2017					9		(9)		1		8		(1)		(11)		11		8
2018							29		4		5		(1)		18		—		55
2019									3		(5)		7		(4)		2		3
2020											(8)		(6)		(3)		(1)		(18)
2021													(10)		(13)		(9)		(32)
2022															(3)		5		2
2023																	(9)		(9)

(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.

(2) The amounts included in the loss reserve development tables above are presented at the year-end 2024 foreign currency exchange rates for all periods presented to remove the effects of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations between calendar years. The amounts included within the table on page 105 presenting the detail of the development recorded within the International segment include the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

Medical Professional Liability | Specialty

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year																				As of December 31, 2024
(In millions, except reported claims data)	2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024		IBNR		Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year
2015	$	433	$	499	$	510	$	494	$	488	$	510	$	501	$	498	$	494	$	494	$	11	18,228
2016			427		487		485		499		508		510		508		514		513		16		16,195
2017					412		449		458		460		455		460		456		463		18		15,384
2018							404		429		431		448		470		495		499		28		15,331
2019									430		445		458		471		469		481		43		14,515
2020											477		476		455		447		419		100		11,289
2021													377		376		374		349		117		9,935
2022															329		329		333		143		9,965
2023																	340		350		162		10,424
2024																			343		278		8,561
																	Total		$	4,244	$	916

Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense

Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024
Accident Year
2015	$	22	$	101	$	230	$	313	$	384	$	420	$	444	$	458	$	463	$	471
2016			18		121		246		339		401		436		460		483		489
2017					19		107		235		308		355		388		417		427
2018							21		115		211		290		349		418		453
2019									17		91		183		280		349		395
2020											11		61		139		201		258
2021													11		49		118		170
2022															10		57		122
2023																	14		86
2024																			13
																	Total		$	2,884
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented																			$	1,360
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015																			33
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented																			32
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses																			$	1,425

Short-duration contracts reserve development

Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.

For the years ended December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024		Total
Accident Year
2015	$	66	$	11	$	(16)	$	(6)	$	22	$	(9)	$	(3)	$	(4)	$	—	$	61
2016			60		(2)		14		9		2		(2)		6		(1)		86
2017					37		9		2		(5)		5		(4)		7		51
2018							25		2		17		22		25		4		95
2019									15		13		13		(2)		12		51
2020											(1)		(21)		(8)		(28)		(58)
2021													(1)		(2)		(25)		(28)
2022															—		4		4
2023																	10		10
Total net development for the accident years presented above													13		11		(17)
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015													—		(6)		9
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development													5		—		—
Total													$	18	$	5	$	(8)

(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.

Other Professional Liability and Management Liability | Specialty

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year																				As of December 31, 2024
(In millions, except reported claims data)	2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024		IBNR		Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year
2015	$	888	$	892	$	877	$	832	$	807	$	813	$	836	$	855	$	858	$	865	$	21	17,457
2016			901		900		900		904		907		891		888		906		912		37		17,989
2017					847		845		813		791		775		758		746		752		51		18,215
2018							850		864		869		906		923		941		987		57		20,071
2019									837		845		856		876		939		970		96		19,548
2020											930		944		951		945		945		168		19,509
2021													1,037		1,038		1,009		965		311		18,377
2022															1,120		1,112		1,084		465		18,376
2023																	1,149		1,166		564		19,587
2024																			1,150		918		17,921
																	Total		$	9,796	$	2,688

Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense

Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024
Accident Year
2015	$	60	$	234	$	404	$	542	$	612	$	677	$	725	$	794	$	808	$	813
2016			64		248		466		625		701		736		784		826		856
2017					57		222		394		498		557		596		630		672
2018							54		282		473		599		706		779		847
2019									64		263		422		567		699		801
2020											67		248		400		523		660
2021													58		217		356		502
2022															64		225		453
2023																	64		302
2024																			77
																	Total		$	5,983
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented																			$	3,813
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015																			98
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented																			56
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses																			$	3,967

Short-duration contracts reserve development

Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.

For the years ended December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024		Total
Accident Year
2015	$	4	$	(15)	$	(45)	$	(25)	$	6	$	23	$	19	$	3	$	7	$	(23)
2016			(1)		—		4		3		(16)		(3)		18		6		11
2017					(2)		(32)		(22)		(16)		(17)		(12)		6		(95)
2018							14		5		37		17		18		46		137
2019									8		11		20		63		31		133
2020											14		7		(6)		—		15
2021													1		(29)		(44)		(72)
2022															(8)		(28)		(36)
2023																	17		17
Total net development for the accident years presented above													44		47		41
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015													6		(10)		3
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development													—		—		5
Total													$	50	$	37	$	49

(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.

Surety | Specialty

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year																				As of December 31, 2024
(In millions, except reported claims data)	2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024		IBNR		Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year
2015	$	131	$	131	$	104	$	79	$	63	$	58	$	53	$	45	$	45	$	45	$	2	5,103
2016			124		124		109		84		67		64		58		43		43		3		5,577
2017					120		115		103		84		71		66		67		67		3		5,909
2018							114		108		91		62		56		51		49		6		6,297
2019									119		112		98		87		82		82		8		6,229
2020											128		119		81		67		57		3		4,827
2021													137		129		110		91		45		4,884
2022															155		158		132		74		4,893
2023																	175		169		138		4,378
2024																			171		145		2,940
																	Total		$	906	$	427

Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense

Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024
Accident Year
2015	$	7	$	26	$	38	$	40	$	42	$	44	$	42	$	42	$	43	$	43
2016			5		37		45		45		43		43		41		40		40
2017					23		37		41		46		49		62		62		63
2018							5		25		34		39		40		41		41
2019									12		34		44		59		70		74
2020											4		20		28		33		44
2021													5		20		35		42
2022															12		35		52
2023																	8		27
2024																			20
																	Total		$	446
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented																			$	460
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015																			14
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented																			19
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses																			$	493

Short-duration contracts reserve development

Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.

For the years ended December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024		Total
Accident Year
2015	$	—	$	(27)	$	(25)	$	(16)	$	(5)	$	(5)	$	(8)	$	—	$	—	$	(86)
2016			—		(15)		(25)		(17)		(3)		(6)		(15)		—		(81)
2017					(5)		(12)		(19)		(13)		(5)		1		—		(53)
2018							(6)		(17)		(29)		(6)		(5)		(2)		(65)
2019									(7)		(14)		(11)		(5)		—		(37)
2020											(9)		(38)		(14)		(10)		(71)
2021													(8)		(19)		(19)		(46)
2022															3		(26)		(23)
2023																	(6)		(6)
Total net development for the accident years presented above													(82)		(54)		(63)
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015													(1)		11		(5)
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development													—		—		—
Total													$	(83)	$	(43)	$	(68)

(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.

Commercial Auto | Commercial

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year																				As of December 31, 2024
(In millions, except reported claims data)	2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024		IBNR		Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year
2015	$	201	$	199	$	190	$	190	$	183	$	181	$	183	$	182	$	184	$	184	$	2	30,430
2016			198		186		186		186		190		195		200		197		195		1		30,457
2017					199		198		200		221		232		239		241		241		4		30,947
2018							229		227		227		245		254		255		260		2		34,333
2019									257		266		289		323		325		327		7		37,280
2020											310		303		304		298		303		14		29,182
2021													397		388		390		393		51		33,028
2022															437		465		496		90		37,230
2023																	554		620		202		42,345
2024																			726		447		40,718
																	Total		$	3,745	$	820

Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense

Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024
Accident Year
2015	$	52	$	96	$	130	$	153	$	172	$	175	$	178	$	179	$	180	$	182
2016			52		93		126		154		175		185		190		192		193
2017					58		107		150		178		203		225		232		235
2018							66		128		175		212		238		249		256
2019									77		147		203		257		295		312
2020											71		134		197		246		276
2021													83		168		240		305
2022															112		236		334
2023																	127		270
2024																			153
																	Total		$	2,516
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented																			$	1,229
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015																			1
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented																			17
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses																			$	1,247

Short-duration contracts reserve development

Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.

For the years ended December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024		Total
Accident Year
2015	$	(2)	$	(9)	$	—	$	(7)	$	(2)	$	2	$	(1)	$	2	$	—	$	(17)
2016			(12)		—		—		4		5		5		(3)		(2)		(3)
2017					(1)		2		21		11		7		2		—		42
2018							(2)		—		18		9		1		5		31
2019									9		23		34		2		2		70
2020											(7)		1		(6)		5		(7)
2021													(9)		2		3		(4)
2022															28		31		59
2023																	66		66
Total net development for the accident years presented above													46		28		110
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015													3		2		(3)
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development													—		3		—
Total													$	49	$	33	$	107

(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.

General Liability | Commercial

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year																				As of December 31, 2024
(In millions, except reported claims data)	2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024		IBNR		Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year
2015	$	581	$	576	$	574	$	589	$	600	$	602	$	617	$	625	$	639	$	656	$	39	24,309
2016			623		659		667		671		673		683		684		704		712		27		24,901
2017					632		632		632		634		630		652		690		713		16		22,544
2018							653		644		646		639		650		679		665		83		20,553
2019									680		682		682		691		720		727		129		19,907
2020											723		722		726		736		702		237		14,964
2021													782		784		793		814		299		15,952
2022															929		928		930		515		17,527
2023																	1,071		1,106		726		17,037
2024																			1,271		1,144		14,632
																	Total		$	8,296	$	3,215

Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense

Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024
Accident Year
2015	$	19	$	110	$	230	$	357	$	446	$	501	$	530	$	561	$	573	$	581
2016			32		163		279		407		481		524		582		620		652
2017					23		118		250		399		471		553		606		657
2018							33		107		228		307		428		491		546
2019									25		98		181		322		455		532
2020											23		99		192		280		367
2021													26		140		262		391
2022															29		123		260
2023																	33		153
2024																			34
																	Total		$	4,173
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented																			$	4,123
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015																			171
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented																			62
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses																			$	4,356

Short-duration contracts reserve development

Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.

For the years ended December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024		Total
Accident Year
2015	$	(5)	$	(2)	$	15	$	11	$	2	$	15	$	8	$	14	$	17	$	75
2016			36		8		4		2		10		1		20		8		89
2017					—		—		2		(4)		22		38		23		81
2018							(9)		2		(7)		11		29		(14)		12
2019									2		—		9		29		7		47
2020											(1)		4		10		(34)		(21)
2021													2		9		21		32
2022															(1)		2		1
2023																	35		35
Total net development for the accident years presented above													57		148		65
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015													10		1		10
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development													—		—		—
Total													$	67	$	149	$	75

(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.

Workers' Compensation | Commercial

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year																				As of December 31, 2024
(In millions, except reported claims data)	2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024		IBNR		Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year
2015	$	422	$	431	$	406	$	408	$	394	$	382	$	372	$	353	$	334	$	324	$	45	31,916
2016			426		405		396		382		366		355		331		308		293		45		32,000
2017					440		432		421		400		402		399		398		383		65		33,156
2018							450		440		428		415		415		404		399		65		34,914
2019									452		449		437		436		419		416		67		34,377
2020											477		466		446		414		393		107		29,481
2021													468		454		432		421		116		30,126
2022															497		489		478		148		33,428
2023																	555		551		233		36,822
2024																			574		325		34,332
																	Total		$	4,232	$	1,216

Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense

Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024
Accident Year
2015	$	51	$	131	$	180	$	212	$	231	$	243	$	251	$	256	$	259	$	261
2016			53		129		169		198		219		227		234		235		238
2017					63		151		207		243		265		279		287		293
2018							68		163		229		259		280		298		307
2019									71		169		223		262		291		310
2020											65		147		200		228		246
2021													67		164		222		256
2022															79		192		258
2023																	87		209
2024																			111
																	Total		$	2,489
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented																			$	1,743
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015																			1,757
Other (2)																			(22)
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented																			65
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses																			$	3,543

Short-duration contracts reserve development

Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.

For the years ended December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024		Total
Accident Year
2015	$	9	$	(25)	$	2	$	(14)	$	(12)	$	(10)	$	(19)	$	(19)	$	(10)	$	(98)
2016			(21)		(9)		(14)		(16)		(11)		(24)		(23)		(15)		(133)
2017					(8)		(11)		(21)		2		(3)		(1)		(15)		(57)
2018							(10)		(12)		(13)		—		(11)		(5)		(51)
2019									(3)		(12)		(1)		(17)		(3)		(36)
2020											(11)		(20)		(32)		(21)		(84)
2021													(14)		(22)		(11)		(47)
2022															(8)		(11)		(19)
2023																	(4)		(4)
Total net development for the accident years presented above													(81)		(133)		(95)
Adjustment for development on a discounted basis													(3)		(2)		(2)
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015													(78)		(74)		(105)
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development													10		6		—
Total													$	(152)	$	(203)	$	(202)

(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.

(2) Other includes the effect of discounting lifetime claim reserves.

Excluding Hardy | International

Short-duration Insurance Contracts, Net Incurred Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses [Line Items]

Short-duration contracts net incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year																				As of December 31, 2024
(In millions, except reported claims data)	2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024		IBNR		Cumulative Number of Claims
Accident Year
2015	$	275	$	289	$	288	$	272	$	267	$	270	$	272	$	271	$	267	$	266	$	10	22,957
2016			269		287		273		271		262		275		277		293		289		24		15,731
2017					285		346		367		360		356		344		377		385		44		16,571
2018							347		364		369		368		380		390		397		38		21,371
2019									324		337		333		340		343		347		57		19,122
2020											360		352		343		328		328		81		15,920
2021													386		375		355		347		121		15,665
2022															406		416		409		178		13,324
2023																	454		452		266		11,289
2024																			481		351		8,017
																	Total		$	3,701	$	1,170

Short-duration contracts net cumulative paid claim adjustment expenses reconciliation of total liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expense

Cumulative Net Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses are presented in the following table.

As of December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2015(1)		2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024
Accident Year
2015	$	53	$	125	$	154	$	173	$	195	$	209	$	219	$	226	$	234	$	240
2016			62		124		149		171		182		203		214		224		238
2017					61		139		177		205		226		252		308		316
2018							83		156		200		228		252		292		324
2019									69		155		190		213		235		246
2020											56		121		154		169		190
2021													53		118		146		165
2022															44		131		164
2023																	43		119
2024																			56
Total																			$	2,058
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented																			$	1,643
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015																			70
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented																			41
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses																			$	1,754

Short-duration contracts reserve development

Net strengthening (releases) of prior accident year reserves is presented in the following table.

For the years ended December 31	Calendar Year
(In millions)	2016(1)		2017(1)		2018(1)		2019(1)		2020(1)		2021(1)		2022(1)		2023(1)		2024		Total (2)
Accident Year
2015	$	14	$	(1)	$	(16)	$	(5)	$	3	$	2	$	(1)	$	(4)	$	(1)	$	(9)
2016			18		(14)		(2)		(9)		13		2		16		(4)		20
2017					61		21		(7)		(4)		(12)		33		8		100
2018							17		5		(1)		12		10		7		50
2019									13		(4)		7		3		4		23
2020											(8)		(9)		(15)		—		(32)
2021													(11)		(20)		(8)		(39)
2022															10		(7)		3
2023																	(2)		(2)

(1) Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.

(2) The amounts included in the loss reserve development tables above are presented at the year-end 2024 foreign currency exchange rates for all periods presented to remove the effects of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations between calendar years. The amounts included within the table on page 105 presenting the detail of the development recorded within the International segment include the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.