In November 2021, the Company’s stockholders voted to approve the amended and restated 2005 Stock Incentive Plan (the Plan). The Plan permits the Company to grant various nonqualified stock-based compensation awards, including stock options, restricted stock, performance shares, deferred stock units, stock appreciation rights and other stock-based awards. The Plan as amended and restated provides that the maximum number of shares which may be issued under the Plan will be 5 million common shares that may be issued for stock-based compensation purposes. As of June 30, 2023, the Company was authorized to grant up to approximately 5 million common shares, plus additional shares equal to shares that are potentially deliverable under an award that expires or are canceled, forfeited or settled without the delivery of shares, under the Plan. As of June 30, 2023, approximately 4 million common shares remained available for grant.

Compensation cost and the related income tax benefit recognized for stock-based compensation plans were classified as indicated below for the fiscal years ended June 30:


	2023		2022		2021
Cost of products sold	$	7	$	6	$	6
Selling and administrative expenses	61		42		40
Research and development costs	5		4		4
Total compensation costs	$	73	$	52	$	50

Related income tax benefit	$	17	$	12	$	12

Cash received during fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021 from stock options exercised under all stock-based payment arrangements was $52, $35 and $133, respectively. The Company issues shares for stock-based compensation plans from treasury stock. The Company may repurchase stock under its Evergreen Program to offset the estimated impact of dilution related to stock-based awards.

The fair value of each stock option award granted during fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021 was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model and assumptions noted in the following table:


	2023	2022	2021
Expected life	5.3 years	5.4 years	5.3 years to 5.4 years
Weighted-average expected life	5.3 years	5.4 years	5.4 years
Expected volatility	24.2%	21.7% to 25.0%	21.4% to 23.2%
Weighted-average volatility	24.2%	21.8%	21.9%
Risk-free interest rate	3.7%	0.9% to 2.1%	0.3% to 0.5%
Weighted-average risk-free interest rate	3.7%	0.9%	0.3%
Dividend yield	3.4%	2.9% to 3.7%	2.1% to 2.3%
Weighted-average dividend yield	3.4%	2.9%	2.1%

The expected life of the stock options is based on historical exercise patterns. The expected volatility is based on implied volatility from publicly traded options on the Company’s stock at the date of grant, historical implied volatility of the Company’s publicly traded options and other factors. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield on a U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issue with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option. The dividend yield is based on the projected annual dividend payment per share, divided by the stock price at the date of grant.

Details of the Company’s stock option activities are summarized below:


	Number of Shares (In thousands)	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share		Average Remaining Contractual Life	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding as of June 30, 2022	4,198	$	144	5 years	$	49
Granted	564	141
Exercised	(515)	105
Canceled	(172)	164
Options outstanding as of June 30, 2023	4,075	$	147	5 years	$	69

Options vested as of June 30, 2023	2,817	$	142	4 years	$	59

The weighted-average fair value per share of each option granted during fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, estimated at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, was $26.95, $22.26 and $30.90, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised in fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $27, $18 and $109, respectively.

Stock option awards outstanding as of June 30, 2023, have been granted at prices that are equal to the market value of the stock on the date of grant. Stock option grants generally vest over 4 years and expire no later than 10 years after the grant date. The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. As of June 30, 2023, there was $11 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested options, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average vesting period of 2 years, subject to forfeiture changes.

The fair value of restricted stock awards is estimated on the date of grant based on the market price of the stock and is amortized to compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the related vesting periods, which are generally 3 to 4 years. The total number of restricted stock awards expected to vest is adjusted by actual and estimated forfeitures. Restricted stock awards receive dividend distributions earned during the vesting period upon vesting.

As of June 30, 2023, there was $38 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock awards, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average vesting period of 2 years. The total fair value of the shares that vested in each of the fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $22, $20 and $15, respectively. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of awards granted was $143.20, $157.50 and $210.78 per share for fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

A summary of the status of the Company’s restricted stock awards is presented below:


	Number of Shares (In thousands)	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Restricted stock awards as of June 30, 2022	412	$	168
Granted	312	143
Vested	(128)	171
Forfeited	(52)	160
Restricted stock awards as of June 30, 2023	544	$	155

The fair value of performance shares is estimated on the date of grant based on the market price of the stock and is amortized to compensation expense on a straight line basis over the related vesting periods, which are generally 3 years.

As of June 30, 2023, there was $32 in unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested performance shares that is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average performance period of 2 years. The weighted-average grant-date fair value of awards granted was $141.90, $162.46 and $212.00 per share for fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

A summary of the status of the Company’s performance share awards is presented below:


	Number of Shares (In thousands)	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Performance share awards as of June 30, 2022	313	$	162
Granted	156	$	142
Distributed	(76)	$	137
Forfeited	(25)	$	167
Performance share awards as of June 30, 2023	368	$	158
Performance shares vested and deferred as of June 30, 2023	48	$	128

The non-vested performance shares outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 were 306,000 and 255,000, respectively, and the weighted average grant date fair value was $162.77 and $173.38 per share, respectively. During fiscal year 2023, 77,000 shares vested. The total fair value of shares vested was $12, $11 and $26 during fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Upon vesting, the recipients of the grants receive the distribution as shares or, if previously elected by eligible recipients, as deferred stock. Deferred shares continue to earn dividends, which are also deferred.

Nonemployee directors receive annual grants of deferred stock units under the Company’s director compensation program and can elect to receive all or a portion of their annual retainers and fees in the form of deferred stock units. The deferred stock units receive dividend distributions, which are reinvested as deferred stock units, and are recognized at their fair value on the date of grant. Each deferred stock unit represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock following the completion of a director’s service.

During fiscal year 2023, the Company granted 18,000 deferred stock units, reinvested dividends of 4,000 units and distributed 39,000 shares, which had a weighted-average fair value on the grant date of $142.10, $151.35 and $95.38 per share, respectively. As of June 30, 2023, 128,000 units were outstanding, which had a weighted-average fair value on the grant date of $130.49 per share.