10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

[X]	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the quarterly period ended: September 30, 2019
	or
[_]	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from: ___________ to ___________
	Commission file number: 01-07698

ACME UNITED CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Connecticut	06-0236700
State or Other Jurisdiction of	I.R.S. Employer Identification No.
Incorporation or Organization
55 Walls Drive, Fairfield, Connecticut	06824
Address of Principal Executive Offices	Zip Code

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (203) 254-6060

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (l) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  [X]     No  [_]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (sec. 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  [X]     No  [_]

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one).

Large accelerated filer [_]	Accelerated filer [X]
Non-accelerated filer [_]	Smaller Reporting Company [X]
Emerging growth company [_]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(s) of the Exchange Act [_]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  [_]     No  [X]

Registrant had 3,352,130 shares of its $2.50 par value Common Stock outstanding as of November 1, 2019.

1

ACME UNITED CORPORATION

INDEX

		Page Number
Part I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION:
Item 1:	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2:	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16
Item 3:	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	19
Item 4:	Controls and Procedures	19
Part II — OTHER INFORMATION:
Item 1:	Legal Proceedings	20
Item 1A:	Risk Factors	20
Item 2:	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	20
Item 3:	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	20
Item 4:	Mine Safety Disclosures	20
Item 5:	Other Information	20
Item 6:	Exhibits	20
Signatures		21

2

Part I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1: Financial Statements

ACME UNITED CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(all amounts in thousands)

	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
	(unaudited)		(Note 1)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	5,698	$	4,409
Accounts receivable, less allowance		30,635		25,102
Inventories, net		38,970		41,332
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,787		2,149
Total current assets		77,090		72,992
Property, plant and equipment:
Land		1,417		1,423
Buildings		9,840		10,144
Machinery and equipment		19,592		18,244
		30,849		29,811
Less: accumulated depreciation		16,843		15,268
		14,006		14,543
Operating lease right-of-use asset		2,123		—
Goodwill		4,696		4,696
Intangible assets, less accumulated amortization		16,107		17,044
Other assets		202		203
Total assets	$	114,224	$	109,478

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

3

ACME UNITED CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (continued)

(all amounts in thousands, except share amounts)

	September 30,			December 31,
	2019			2018
	(unaudited)			(Note 1)
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	7,217		$	7,983
Lease liability - current portion		920			—
Current portion of mortgage payable		267			267
Other accrued liabilities		8,202			5,115
Total current liabilities		16,606			13,365
Non-current liabilities:					—
Long-term debt		38,125			40,283
Mortgage payable, net of current portion		3,244			3,444
Lease liability - non-current portion		1,210			—
Other non-current liabilities		15			53
Total liabilities		59,200			57,145
Commitments and Contingencies
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock, par value $2.50:
authorized 8,000,000 shares;
issued - 4,838,071 shares in 2019 and 2018,
including treasury stock		12,094			12,094
Additional paid-in capital		8,473			8,982
Retained earnings		50,996			47,550
Treasury stock, at cost - 1,487,238 shares in 2019 and 2018		(14,235	)		(14,235	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Minimum pension liability		(661	)		(539	)
Translation adjustment		(1,643	)		(1,519	)
		(2,304	)		(2,058	)
Total stockholders’ equity		55,024			52,333
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	114,224		$	109,478

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

4

ACME UNITED CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

(all amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Net sales	$	36,995		$	34,731		$	108,585		$	106,191
Cost of goods sold		23,861			22,281			68,877			66,905
Gross profit		13,134			12,450			39,708			39,286
Selling, general and administrative expenses		11,408			11,077			32,679			32,923
Operating income		1,726			1,373			7,029			6,363
Non-operating items:
Interest:
Interest expense		478			504			1,491			1,367
Interest income		(9	)		(8	)		(28	)		(21	)
Interest expense, net		469			496			1,463			1,346
Other expense, net		40			23			52			84
Total other expense, net		509			519			1,515			1,430
Income before income tax expense		1,217			854			5,514			4,933
Income tax expense		158			47			977			926
Net income	$	1,059		$	807		$	4,537		$	4,007
Basic earnings per share	$	0.32		$	0.24		$	1.35		$	1.19
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.30		$	0.23		$	1.32		$	1.12
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding-
denominator used for basic per share computations		3,352			3,374			3,352			3,374
Weighted average number of dilutive stock options
outstanding		134			177			94			200
Denominator used for diluted per share computations		3,486			3,551			3,446			3,574
Dividends declared per share	$	0.12		$	0.11		$	0.36		$	0.33

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

5

ACME UNITED CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(UNAUDITED)

(all amounts in thousands)

	Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	September 30,					September 30,
	2019			2018		2019			2018
Net income	$	1,059		$	807	$	4,537		$	4,007
Other comprehensive (loss) income :
Foreign currency translation adjustment		(205	)		8		(124	)		(227	)
Comprehensive income	$	854		$	815	$	4,413		$	3,780

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

6

ACME UNITED CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)

(all amounts in thousands, except share amounts)

For the three months ended September 30, 2018            

	Outstanding Shares of Common Stock		Common Stock		Treasury  Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated  Other Comprehensive (Loss) Gain			Retained Earnings			Total
Balances, June 30, 2018		3,374,061	$	12,094	$	(13,870	)	$	8,946		$	(1,869	)	$	46,925		$	52,226
Net income															807			807
Other comprehensive gain												8						8
Stock compensation expense									334									334
Distributions to shareholders															(372	)		(372	)
Cash settlement of stock options									(512	)								(512	)
Balances, September 30, 2018		3,374,061	$	12,094	$	(13,870	)	$	8,768		$	(1,861	)	$	47,360		$	52,491

For the three months ended September 30, 2019            

	Outstanding Shares of Common Stock		Common Stock		Treasury  Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated  Other Comprehensive (Loss) Gain			Retained Earnings			Total
Balances, June 30, 2019		3,350,833	$	12,094	$	(14,235	)	$	8,701		$	(2,099	)	$	50,341		$	54,802
Net income															1,059			1,059
Other comprehensive loss												(205	)					(205	)
Stock compensation expense									247									247
Distributions to shareholders															(404	)		(404	)
Cash settlement of stock options									(475	)								(475	)
Balances, September 30, 2019		3,350,833	$	12,094	$	(14,235	)	$	8,473		$	(2,304	)	$	50,996		$	55,024

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018            

	Outstanding Shares of Common Stock		Common Stock		Treasury  Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated  Other Comprehensive (Loss) Gain			Retained Earnings			Total
Balances, December 31, 2017		3,374,061	$	12,094	$	(13,870	)	$	8,881		$	(1,634	)	$	44,467		$	49,938
Net income															4,007			4,007
Other comprehensive loss												(227	)					(227	)
Stock compensation expense									641									641
Distributions to shareholders															(1,114	)		(1,114	)
Cash settlement of stock options									(754	)								(754	)
Balances, September 30, 2018		3,374,061	$	12,094	$	(13,870	)	$	8,768		$	(1,861	)	$	47,360		$	52,491

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019            

	Outstanding Shares of Common Stock		Common Stock		Treasury  Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated  Other Comprehensive (Loss) Gain			Retained Earnings			Total
Balances, December 31, 2018		3,350,833	$	12,094	$	(14,235	)	$	8,982		$	(2,058	)	$	47,550		$	52,333
Net income															4,537			4,537
Other comprehensive loss												(124	)					(124	)
Adoption of ASU 2018-02												(122	)		122			—
Stock compensation expense									745									745
Distributions to shareholders															(1,213	)		(1,213	)
Cash settlement of stock options									(1,254	)								(1,254	)
Balances, September 30, 2019		3,350,833	$	12,094	$	(14,235	)	$	8,473		$	(2,304	)	$	50,996		$	55,024

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

7

ACME UNITED CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

(all amounts in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	4,537		$	4,007
Adjustments to reconcile net income
to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation		1,640			1,480
Amortization of intangible assets		937			923
Non-cash lease expense		16			—
Stock compensation expense		745			641
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(5,540	)		(4,903	)
Inventories		2,253			(1,357	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		450			(1	)
Accounts payable		(1,174	)		(4,404	)
Other accrued liabilities		3,404			(882	)
Total adjustments		2,731			(8,503	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		7,268			(4,496	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment		(1,123	)		(2,252	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,123	)		(2,252	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net (repayments) borrowings of long-term debt		(2,158	)		3,578
Cash settlement of stock options		(1,254	)		(754	)
Repayments on mortgage		(200	)		(200	)
Distributions to shareholders		(1,213	)		(1,114	)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(4,825	)		1,510
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(31	)		(79	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		1,289			(5,317	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		4,409			9,338
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	5,698		$	4,021
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes	$	279		$	502
Cash paid for interest	$	1,476		$	1,316

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

8

ACME UNITED CORPORATION

Notes to CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

1. Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of Acme United Corporation (the “Company”). These adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. However, the financial statements do not include all the disclosures normally required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America or those normally made in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K. Please refer to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for such disclosures. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 was derived from the audited consolidated balance sheet as of that date. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Company has evaluated events and transactions subsequent to September 30, 2019 and through the date these condensed consolidated financial statements were issued.

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), associated with lease accounting. There have been further amendments, including practical expedients, with the issuance of ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements, in July 2018, and ASU 2018-20, Leases (Topic 842) Narrow Scope Improvements for Lessors, in December 2018. The amended guidance requires the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases with terms in excess of 12 months and currently classified as operating leases. Disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements is also required. We elected the optional transition method as of January 1, 2019, which allows entities to continue to apply historical accounting guidance in the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption.

At transition, lessees and lessors may elect to apply a package of practical expedients permitting entities not to reassess: (i) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; (ii) lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (iii) whether initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases qualify for capitalization under the amended guidance. These practical expedients must be elected as a package and consistently applied. We have elected to apply the package of practical expedients upon adoption. The most significant effects of adoption relate to the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on our balance sheet for operating leases and providing new disclosures about leasing activities. Upon adoption, on January 1, 2019, the Company booked a right-of-use asset of $2.9 million and a corresponding lease liability. See note 9 for additional information.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. ASU No. 2018-02 provides companies with an option to reclassify stranded tax effects within accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to retained earnings in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (or portion thereof) is recorded. ASU No. 2018-02 also requires disclosure of a description of the accounting policy for releasing income tax effects from AOCI and whether an election was made to reclassify the stranded income tax effects from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. ASU No. 2018-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Companies can adopt the provisions of ASU No. 2018-02 in either the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is recognized. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2019 and this resulted in a reclassification between retained earnings and AOCI. The impact from this ASU increased retained earnings by approximately $0.1 million, with an offsetting increase to accumulated other comprehensive loss for the same amount.

9

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU 2018-07 aligns the accounting for share-based payment awards issued to employees and non-employees. ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period. The adoption of this ASU on January 1, 2019 did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flow of the Company.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20), Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). This ASU removes disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements of disclosures, and adds disclosure requirements identified as relevant. ASU 2018-14 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. The Company does not expect that the adoption of ASU 2018-14 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

2. Contingencies

There are no pending material legal proceedings to which the Company is a party, or, to the actual knowledge of the Company, contemplated by any governmental authority.

3. Pension

In December 1995, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Company’s United States pension plan that terminated all future benefit accruals as of February 1, 1996, without terminating the pension plan.

Components of net periodic benefit cost are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Service cost	$	9		$	7		$	27		$	25
Interest cost	$	9		$	10		$	27		$	30
Expected return on plan assets		(14	)		(17	)		(43	)		(51	)
Amortization of actuarial loss		22			21			64			65
Total non-service cost	$	17		$	14		$	48		$	44
Net periodic pension cost	$	26		$	21		$	75		$	69

The Company’s funding policy with respect to its qualified plan is to contribute at least the minimum amount required by applicable laws and regulations. The Company made its required contribution of $14,413 to the plan in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

4. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective method. The new revenue standard requires recognition of revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

10

Nature of Goods and Services

The Company recognizes revenue from the sales of a broad line of products that are grouped into two main categories: (i) cutting, sharpening and other; and (ii) first aid and safety. The cutting, sharpening and other category includes scissors, knives, paper trimmers, pencil sharpeners and other sharpening tools. The first aid and safety category includes first aid kits and refills and a variety of safety products. Revenue recognition is evaluated through the following five steps: (i) identification of the contract or contracts with a customer; (ii) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determination of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price in the contract; and (v) recognition of revenue when or as a performance obligation is satisfied.

When Performance Obligations Are Satisfied

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer.  A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Revenue is generated by the sale of the Company’s products to its customers.  Sales contracts (purchase orders) generally have a single performance obligation that is satisfied at a point in time, with shipment or delivery, depending on the terms of the underlying contract. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract. The amount of consideration we receive and revenue we recognize is impacted by incentives ("customer rebates"), including sales rebates, which are generally tied to sales volume levels, in-store promotional allowances, shared media and customer catalog allowances and other cooperative advertising arrangements; freight allowance programs offered to our customers; and allowance for returns and discounts. We generally recognize customer rebate costs as a deduction to gross sales at the time that the associated revenue is recognized.

Significant Payment Terms

Payment terms for each customer are dependent on the agreed upon contractual repayment terms. Payment terms typically are between 30 and 90 days and vary depending on the size of the customer and its risk profile to the Company. Some customers receive discounts for early payment.

Product Returns

The Company accepts product returns in the normal course of business. The Company estimates reserves for returns and the related refunds to customers based on historical experience. Reserves for returned merchandise are included as a component of “Accounts receivable” in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Practical Expedient Usage and Accounting Policy Elections

The Company has determined to utilize the modified retrospective approach which requires cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the current year. This opening adjustment is determined based on the impact of the new revenue standard’s application on contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018, the date of initial application of the standard. This election did not have an impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.  

For the Company’s contracts that have an original duration of one year or less, the Company uses the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-32-18 applicable to such contracts and does not consider the time value of money in relation to significant financing components.  The effect of applying this practical expedient election did not have an impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.  

Per ASC 606-10-25-18B, the Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities that occur after the customer has obtained control as a fulfillment activity instead of a performance obligation. Furthermore, shipping and handling activities performed before transfer of control of the product also do not constitute a separate and distinct performance obligation. The effect of applying this practical expedient election did not have an impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.  

11

The Company has elected to exclude from the transaction price those amounts which relate to sales and other taxes that are assessed by governmental authorities and that are imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected by the Company from a customer.

Applying the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4, Other Assets and Deferred Costs, the Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred. These costs are included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses.” The effect of applying this practical expedient did not have an impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following table represents external net sales disaggregated by product category (amounts in thousands):

For the three months ended September 30, 2019:        

	U.S.		Canada		Europe		Total
Cutting, Sharpening and Other	$	16,040	$	1,712	$	2,450	$	20,202
First Aid and Safety		16,793		—		—		16,793
Total Net Sales	$	32,833	$	1,712	$	2,450	$	36,995

For the three months ended September 30, 2018:        

	U.S.		Canada		Europe		Total
Cutting, Sharpening and Other	$	16,376	$	1,691	$	2,127	$	20,194
First Aid and Safety		14,537		—		—		14,537
Total Net Sales	$	30,913	$	1,691	$	2,127	$	34,731

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019:        

	U.S.		Canada		Europe		Total
Cutting, Sharpening and Other	$	48,045	$	5,281	$	7,974	$	61,300
First Aid and Safety		47,285		—		—		47,285
Total Net Sales	$	95,330	$	5,281	$	7,974	$	108,585

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018:        

	U.S.		Canada		Europe		Total
Cutting, Sharpening and Other	$	48,680	$	5,715	$	7,008	$	61,403
First Aid and Safety		44,788		—		—		44,788
Total Net Sales	$	93,468	$	5,715	$	7,008	$	106,191

5. Debt and Shareholders’ Equity

On May 24, 2018, the Company amended its revolving loan agreement with HSBC Bank, N.A. The amendment lowered the interest rate to LIBOR plus 1.75%; interest is payable monthly. In addition, the expiration date of the credit facility was extended to May 24, 2023. The prior interest rate was LIBOR plus 2%. The amount available for borrowing remains unchanged at $50 million. The Company must pay a facility fee, payable quarterly, in an amount equal to two tenths of one percent (.20%) per annum of the average daily unused portion of the revolving credit line. The facility is intended to provide liquidity for growth, acquisitions, share repurchases, dividends, and other business activities. Under the revolving loan agreement, the Company is required to maintain specific amounts of tangible net worth, a specified debt to net worth ratio and a fixed charge coverage ratio and must have annual net income greater than zero, measured as of the end of each fiscal year. At September 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with the covenants of the loan agreement.

12

As of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding borrowings of approximately $38,125,000 and $40,283,000, respectively, under the Company’s revolving loan agreement with HSBC.

On October 26, 2017, the Company exercised its option to purchase its First Aid Only manufacturing and distribution center in Vancouver, WA for $4.0 million. The property consists of 53,000 square feet of office, manufacturing, and warehouse space on 2.86 acres. The purchase was financed by a variable rate mortgage with HSBC Bank, N.A. at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.5%. Commencing on December 1, 2017, principal payments of $22,222 are due monthly, with all amounts outstanding due on maturity on October 31, 2024.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company paid approximately $475,000 and $1,254,000, respectively, to optionees who had elected a net cash settlement of their respective employee stock options.

6. Segment Information

The Company reports financial information based on the organizational structure used by the Company’s chief operating decision makers for making operating and investment decisions and for assessing performance. The Company’s reportable business segments consist of: (1) United States; (2) Canada; and (3) Europe. As described below, the activities of the Company’s Asian operations are closely linked to those of the U.S. operations; accordingly, the Company’s chief operating decision makers review the financial results of both on a consolidated basis, and the results of the Asian operations have been aggregated with the results of the United States operations to form one reportable segment called the “United States segment” or “U.S. segment”. Each reportable segment derives its revenue from the sales of cutting devices, measuring instruments and first aid and safety products for school, office, home, hardware, sporting and industrial use.

Domestic sales orders are filled primarily from the Company’s distribution centers in North Carolina, Washington, Massachusetts, Tennessee and California. The Company is responsible for the costs of shipping, insurance, customs clearance, duties, storage and distribution related to such products. Orders filled from the Company’s inventory are generally for less than container-sized lots.

Direct import sales are products sold by the Company’s Asian subsidiary, directly to major U.S. retailers, who take ownership of the products in Asia. These sales are completed by delivering product to the customers’ common carriers at the shipping points in Asia. Individual direct import sales are made in larger quantities than domestic sales, typically full containers. Direct import sales represented approximately 14% of the Company’s total net sales for each of the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to 12% and 11% for the comparable periods in 2018.

The Chief Operating Decision Maker evaluates the performance of each operating segment based on segment revenues and operating income. Segment revenues are defined as total revenues, including both external customer revenue and inter-segment revenue. Segment operating earnings are defined as segment revenues, less cost of goods sold and operating expenses. Identifiable assets by segment are those assets used in the respective reportable segment’s operations. Inter-segment amounts are eliminated to arrive at consolidated financial results.

The following table sets forth certain financial data by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

13

Financial data by segment:

(in thousands)

	Three months ended September 30,					Nine months ended    September 30,
Sales to external customers:	2019		2018			2019		2018
United States	$	32,780	$	30,913		$	95,178	$	93,468
Canada		1,775		1,691			5,402		5,715
Europe		2,440		2,127			8,005		7,008
Consolidated	$	36,995	$	34,731		$	108,585	$	106,191
Operating income:
United States	$	1,381	$	1,182		$	5,942	$	5,209
Canada		280		193			746		876
Europe		65		(2	)		341		278
Consolidated	$	1,726	$	1,373		$	7,029	$	6,363
Interest expense, net		469		496			1,463		1,346
Other expense, net		40		23			52		84
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	1,217	$	854		$	5,514	$	4,933

Assets by segment:
(in thousands)
	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
United States	$	103,944	$	99,721
Canada		4,241		3,839
Europe		6,039		5,918
Consolidated	$	114,224	$	109,478

7. Stock Based Compensation

The Company recognizes share-based compensation at the fair value of the equity instrument on the grant date. Compensation expense is recognized over the required service period. Share-based compensation expenses were $247,020 and $334,238 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Share-based compensation expenses were $744,717 and $641,418 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

As of September 30, 2019, there was a total of $1,601,816 of unrecognized compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, related to non-vested share-based payments granted to the Company’s employees. As of that date, the remaining unamortized expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately three years.

8. Fair Value Measurements

The carrying value of the Company’s bank debt is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the nature of its payment terms and maturity.

9. Leases

The Company has operating leases for office and warehouse space and equipment under various arrangements which provide the right to use the underlying asset and require lease payments for the lease term. The Company’s lease portfolio consists of operating leases which expire at various dates through 2024.

Certain of the Company’s lease arrangements contain renewal provisions, exercisable at the Company's option. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

14

The Company determines if an arrangement is an operating lease at inception. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. All other leases are recorded on the balance sheet with right-of-use (“ROU”) assets representing the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities representing the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.

ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term and include options to extend or terminate the lease when they are reasonably certain to be exercised. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, the present value of lease payments is determined primarily using our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date. Lease agreements with lease and non-lease components are generally accounted for as a single lease component. The Company’s operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Operating lease cost was $0.3 million and $0.9 million for the three and nine-months ending September 30, 2019, respectively, For the three months ended September 30, 2019, $0.1 million is included in cost of goods sold and $0.2 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, $0.3 million is included in cost of goods sold and $0.6 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Information related to leases (in 000’s):

	Three months ended		Nine months ended
	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	275	$	856
Operating lease - cash flow	$	270	$	840

	September 30, 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term		3.0 years
Weighted-average discount rate		5%

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of September 30, 2019:

2019 (remaining)	$	257
2020		897
2021		541
2022		266
2023		255
Thereafter		64
Total future minimum lease payments	$	2,280
Less: imputed interest		(150	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	2,130

15

 MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Item 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Information

The Company may from time to time make written or oral “forward-looking statements” including statements contained in this report and in other communications by the Company, which are made in good faith pursuant to the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements are based on our beliefs as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to us. When used in this document, words like “may,” “might,” “will,” “except,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “potential,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from our current expectations.

Forward-looking statements in this report, including without limitation, statements related to the Company’s plans, strategies, objectives, expectations, intentions and adequacy of resources, are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Investors are cautioned that such forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties including, without limitation, the following: (i) changes in the Company’s plans, strategies, objectives, expectations and intentions, which may be made at any time at the discretion of the Company; (ii) the impact of uncertainties in global economic conditions, including the impact on the Company’s suppliers and customers; (iii) changes in client needs and consumer spending habits; (iv) the impact of competition and technological changes on the Company; (v) the Company’s ability to manage its growth effectively, including its ability to successfully integrate any business it might acquire; (vi) currency fluctuations; (vii) increases in the cost of borrowings resulting from rising interest rates; (viii) international trade policies and their impact on demand for our products and our competitive position, including the imposition of new tariffs or changes in existing tariff rates; and (ix) other risks and uncertainties indicated from time to time in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

For a more detailed discussion of these and other factors affecting the Company, see the Risk Factors described in Item 1A included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and below under “Financial Condition”. All forward-looking statements in this report are based upon information available to the Company on the date of this report. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.

Critical Accounting Policies

We discuss our critical accounting policies and estimates in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. Other than the adoption of the new lease guidance, there were no other material changes in our critical accounting policies since the end of fiscal year 2018.

Results of Operations

Traditionally, the Company’s sales are stronger in the second and third quarters and weaker in the first and fourth quarters of the fiscal year, due to the seasonal nature of the back-to-school market.

Net sales

Consolidated net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2019 were approximately $36,995,000 compared with $34,731,000 in the same period in 2018, a 7% increase. Consolidated net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were approximately $108,585,000 compared with $106,191,000 for the same period in 2018, a 2% increase.

Net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2019 in the U.S. segment increased 6%, compared with the same period in 2018. Net sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 in the U.S. segment increased 2%, compared with the same period in 2018. The increases in sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were mainly due to strong first aid and safety products sales, partially offset by lower sales of school and office products.

16

Net sales in Canada for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased 5% in U.S. dollars (6% in local currency), compared with the same period in 2018. The increase in the net sales for the three months ended September 30, 2019 is primarily due to higher sales in the office channel. Net sales in Canada for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased 6% in U.S. dollars (3% in local currency), compared with the same periods in 2018.

Net sales in Europe for the three months ended September 30, 2019 increased 15% in U.S. dollars (21% in local currency), compared with the same period in 2018. Net sales in Europe for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased 14% in U.S. dollars (22% in local currency), compared with the same period in 2018. The sales increases for the three and nine-month periods were mainly due to new customers in the office products channel and continued growth of DMT sharpening products.

Gross profit

Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was approximately $13,134,000 (35.5% of net sales) compared to $12,450,000 (35.8% of net sales) for the same period in 2018. Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was approximately $39,708,000 (36.6% of net sales) compared to $39,286,000 (37.0% of net sales) for the same period in 2018.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 were approximately $11,408,000 (30.8% of net sales) compared with $11,077,000 (31.9% of net sales) for the same period of 2018, an increase of $331,000. The increase in SG&A expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to higher personnel related expenses. SG&A expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were approximately $32,679,000 (30.0% of net sales) compared with $32,923,000 (31.0% of net sales) for the same period of 2018, a decrease of $244,000. The decreases in SG&A expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same periods in 2018 were primarily due to the Company’s strategy to reduce expenses in 2019, an effort which commenced in the second half of 2018, partially offset by higher personnel related expenses.

Operating income

Operating income for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was approximately $1,726,000 compared with $1,373,000 in the same period of 2018. Operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was approximately $7,029,000 compared with $6,363,000 in the same period of 2018. The increases in operating income were primarily driven by decreases in selling, general and administration expenses for the three- and nine-month periods.

Operating income in the U.S. segment increased by approximately $199,000 and $733,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2018.

Operating income in the Canadian segment increased by approximately $87,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018. Operating income in the Canadian segment decreased by approximately $130,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same period in 2018.

Operating income in the European segment increased by approximately $67,000 and $63,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2018.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was approximately $469,000, compared with $496,000 for the same period of 2018, a $27,000 decrease. The decrease in interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 is primarily due to lower average debt outstanding, partially offset by higher interest rates, compared to the same period in 2018. Interest expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was approximately $1,463,000, compared with $1,346,000 for the same period of 2018, a $117,000 increase. The increase in interest expense resulted from a higher average interest rate under the Company’s revolving credit facility during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the same periods in 2018, partially offset by lower average debt outstanding.

17

Other expense, net

Other expense, net for the three months ended September 30, 2019, was approximately $40,000, compared with $23,000 for the same period of 2018, a $17,000 increase. Other expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was approximately $52,000, compared with $84,000 for the same period of 2018, a $32,000 decrease. The changes in other expense, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, were primarily due to foreign currency transactions.

Income taxes

The Company’s effective tax rates for the three and nine-month period ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were 13% and 18%, respectively, compared to 6% and 19% during the same periods in 2018. In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded approximately $100,000 in excess tax benefits resulting from the exercise of stock options compared to $115,000 in the same periods in 2018.

Financial Condition

Liquidity and Capital Resources

During the first nine months of 2019, working capital increased approximately $.9 million compared to December 31, 2018. Inventory decreased approximately $2.4 million at September 30, 2019 compared to December 31, 2018. Inventory turnover calculated using a twelve-month average inventory balance, was 2.2 at September 30, 2019 compared to 2.1 at December 31, 2018. Receivables increased by approximately $5.5 million at September 30, 2019 compared to December 31, 2018. The average number of days sales outstanding in accounts receivable was 65 days at September 30, 2019 compared to 66 days at December 31, 2018. Total current liabilities increased by approximately $3.2 million at September 30, 2019 compared to December 31, 2018.

The Company's working capital, current ratio and long-term debt to equity ratio are as follows:

	September 30, 2019			December 31, 2018
Working capital	$	60,485		$	59,627
Current ratio		4.64			5.46
Long term debt to equity ratio		75.2	%		83.6	%

During the first nine months of 2019, total debt outstanding under the Company’s revolving credit facility decreased by approximately $2.2 million, compared to total debt thereunder at December 31, 2018. As of September 30, 2019, $38,125,000 was outstanding and $11,875,000 was available for borrowing under the Company’s credit facility.

On May 24, 2018, the Company amended its revolving loan agreement with HSBC Bank, N.A. The amendment lowered the interest rate to LIBOR plus 1.75%; interest is payable monthly. In addition, the expiration date of the credit facility was extended to May 24, 2023. The prior interest rate was LIBOR plus 2%. The amount available for borrowing remains unchanged at $50 million. The Company must pay a facility fee, payable quarterly, in an amount equal to two tenths of one percent (.20%) per annum of the average daily unused portion of the revolving credit line. The facility is intended to provide liquidity for growth, share repurchases, dividends, acquisitions, and other business activities. Under the revolving loan agreement, the Company is required to maintain specific amounts of tangible net worth, a specified debt to net worth ratio and a fixed charge coverage ratio and must have annual net income greater than zero, measured as of the end of each fiscal year. At September 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with the covenants of the loan agreement.

The Company believes that cash expected to be generated from operating activities, together with funds available under its revolving credit facility, will, under current conditions, be sufficient to finance the Company’s planned operations over the next twelve months from the filing of this report.

18

Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 4: Controls and Procedures

(a) Evaluation of Internal Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the quarter ended September 30, 2019, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

19

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 — Legal Proceedings

There are no pending material legal proceedings to which the registrant is a party, or, to the actual knowledge of the Company, contemplated by any governmental authority.

Item 1A — Risk Factors

See Risk Factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

Item 2 — Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3 — Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4 — Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5 — Other Information

None.

Item 6 — Exhibits

Documents filed as part of this report:

Exhibit 31.1 Certification of Walter C. Johnsen pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 31.2 Certification of Paul G. Driscoll pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 32.1 Certification of Walter C. Johnsen pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Exhibit 32.2 Certification Paul G. Driscoll pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

20

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

ACME UNITED CORPORATION
By	/s/ Walter C. Johnsen
	Walter C. Johnsen Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
Dated:  November 7, 2019

By	/s/ Paul G. Driscoll
	Paul G. Driscoll Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Dated:  November 7, 2019

21

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, WALTER C. JOHNSEN, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Acme United Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

By	/s/ Walter C. Johnsen
	Walter C. Johnsen Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Dated: November 7, 2019

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, PAUL G. DRISCOLL, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Acme United Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

By	/s/ Paul G. Driscoll
	Paul G. Driscoll Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Dated: November 7, 2019

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

The undersigned officer of Acme United Corporation (the “Company”) hereby certifies to my knowledge that the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019 (the “Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. This certification is provided solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and shall not be deemed to be a part of the Report or “filed” for any purpose whatsoever.

By	/s/ Walter C. Johnsen
	Walter C. Johnsen Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Dated: November 7, 2019

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Acme United Corporation and will be retained by Acme United Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

The undersigned officer of Acme United Corporation (the “Company”) hereby certifies to my knowledge that the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019 (the “Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. This certification is provided solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and shall not be deemed to be a part of the Report or “filed” for any purpose whatsoever.

By	/s/ Paul G. Driscoll
	Paul G. Driscoll Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Dated: November 7, 2019

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Acme United Corporation and will be retained by Acme United Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following table represents external net sales disaggregated by product category (amounts in thousands):

For the three months ended September 30, 2019:        

	U.S.		Canada		Europe		Total
Cutting, Sharpening and Other	$	16,040	$	1,712	$	2,450	$	20,202
First Aid and Safety		16,793		—		—		16,793
Total Net Sales	$	32,833	$	1,712	$	2,450	$	36,995

For the three months ended September 30, 2018:        

	U.S.		Canada		Europe		Total
Cutting, Sharpening and Other	$	16,376	$	1,691	$	2,127	$	20,194
First Aid and Safety		14,537		—		—		14,537
Total Net Sales	$	30,913	$	1,691	$	2,127	$	34,731

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019:        

	U.S.		Canada		Europe		Total
Cutting, Sharpening and Other	$	48,045	$	5,281	$	7,974	$	61,300
First Aid and Safety		47,285		—		—		47,285
Total Net Sales	$	95,330	$	5,281	$	7,974	$	108,585

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018:        

	U.S.		Canada		Europe		Total
Cutting, Sharpening and Other	$	48,680	$	5,715	$	7,008	$	61,403
First Aid and Safety		44,788		—		—		44,788
Total Net Sales	$	93,468	$	5,715	$	7,008	$	106,191

XML

Pension

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Pension

3. Pension

In December 1995, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the Company’s United States pension plan that terminated all future benefit accruals as of February 1, 1996, without terminating the pension plan.

Components of net periodic benefit cost are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Service cost	$	9		$	7		$	27		$	25
Interest cost	$	9		$	10		$	27		$	30
Expected return on plan assets		(14	)		(17	)		(43	)		(51	)
Amortization of actuarial loss		22			21			64			65
Total non-service cost	$	17		$	14		$	48		$	44
Net periodic pension cost	$	26		$	21		$	75		$	69

The Company’s funding policy with respect to its qualified plan is to contribute at least the minimum amount required by applicable laws and regulations. The Company made its required contribution of $14,413 to the plan in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

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Stock Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Based Compensation

7. Stock Based Compensation

The Company recognizes share-based compensation at the fair value of the equity instrument on the grant date. Compensation expense is recognized over the required service period. Share-based compensation expenses were $247,020 and $334,238 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Share-based compensation expenses were $744,717 and $641,418 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

As of September 30, 2019, there was a total of $1,601,816 of unrecognized compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, related to non-vested share-based payments granted to the Company’s employees. As of that date, the remaining unamortized expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately three years.

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock, par value	$ 2.50	$ 2.50
Common stock, shares authorized	8,000,000	8,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	4,838,071	4,838,071
Common stock, shares outstanding	4,838,071	4,838,071
Treasury stock, shares	1,487,238	1,487,238

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 4,537	$ 4,007
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation	1,640	1,480
Amortization of intangible assets	937	923
Non-cash lease expense	16
Stock compensation expense	745	641
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(5,540)	(4,903)
Inventories	2,253	(1,357)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	450	(1)
Accounts payable	(1,174)	(4,404)
Other accrued liabilities	3,404	(882)
Total adjustments	2,731	(8,503)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	7,268	(4,496)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	(1,123)	(2,252)
Net cash used in investing activities	(1,123)	(2,252)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net (repayments) borrowings of long-term debt	(2,158)	3,578
Cash settlement of stock options	(1,254)	(754)
Repayments on mortgage	(200)	(200)
Distributions to shareholders	(1,213)	(1,114)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(4,825)	1,510
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(31)	(79)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	1,289	(5,317)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	4,409	9,338
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	5,698	4,021
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid for income taxes	279	502
Cash paid for interest	$ 1,476	$ 1,316

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Pension (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Plan contributions during period	$ 14	$ 14

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Segment Information - Financial Data by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Sales to external customers	$ 36,995	$ 34,731	$ 108,585	$ 106,191
Operating income	1,726	1,373	7,029	6,363
Interest expense, net	469	496	1,463	1,346
Other income, net	40	23	52	84
Consolidated income before income taxes	1,217	854	5,514	4,933
Assets	114,224		114,224		$ 109,478
United States
Sales to external customers	32,780	30,913	95,178	93,468
Operating income	1,381	1,182	5,942	5,209
Assets	103,944		103,944		99,721
Canada
Sales to external customers	1,775	1,691	5,402	5,715
Operating income	280	193	746	876
Assets	4,241		4,241		3,839
Europe
Sales to external customers	2,440	2,127	8,005	7,008
Operating income	65	$ (2)	341	$ 278
Assets	$ 6,039		$ 6,039		$ 5,918

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Pension - Periodic Benefit Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$ 9	$ 7	$ 27	$ 25
Interest cost	9	10	27	30
Expected return on plan assets	(14)	(17)	(43)	(51)
Amortization of actuarial loss	22	21	64	65
Total non-service cost	17	14	48	44
Net periodic pension cost	$ 26	$ 21	$ 75	$ 69

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Segment Information (Details Narrative)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Segment Information Details Narrative Abstract
Direct import sales to total net sales ratio	14.00%	12.00%	14.00%	11.00%

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

4. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective method. The new revenue standard requires recognition of revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

Nature of Goods and Services

The Company recognizes revenue from the sales of a broad line of products that are grouped into two main categories: (i) cutting, sharpening and other; and (ii) first aid and safety. The cutting, sharpening and other category includes scissors, knives, paper trimmers, pencil sharpeners and other sharpening tools. The first aid and safety category includes first aid kits and refills and a variety of safety products. Revenue recognition is evaluated through the following five steps: (i) identification of the contract or contracts with a customer; (ii) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determination of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price in the contract; and (v) recognition of revenue when or as a performance obligation is satisfied.

When Performance Obligations Are Satisfied

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer.  A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Revenue is generated by the sale of the Company’s products to its customers.  Sales contracts (purchase orders) generally have a single performance obligation that is satisfied at a point in time, with shipment or delivery, depending on the terms of the underlying contract. Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in the contract. The amount of consideration we receive and revenue we recognize is impacted by incentives ("customer rebates"), including sales rebates, which are generally tied to sales volume levels, in-store promotional allowances, shared media and customer catalog allowances and other cooperative advertising arrangements; freight allowance programs offered to our customers; and allowance for returns and discounts. We generally recognize customer rebate costs as a deduction to gross sales at the time that the associated revenue is recognized.

Significant Payment Terms

Payment terms for each customer are dependent on the agreed upon contractual repayment terms. Payment terms typically are between 30 and 90 days and vary depending on the size of the customer and its risk profile to the Company. Some customers receive discounts for early payment.

Product Returns

The Company accepts product returns in the normal course of business. The Company estimates reserves for returns and the related refunds to customers based on historical experience. Reserves for returned merchandise are included as a component of “Accounts receivable” in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Practical Expedient Usage and Accounting Policy Elections

The Company has determined to utilize the modified retrospective approach which requires cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the current year. This opening adjustment is determined based on the impact of the new revenue standard’s application on contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018, the date of initial application of the standard. This election did not have an impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.  

For the Company’s contracts that have an original duration of one year or less, the Company uses the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-32-18 applicable to such contracts and does not consider the time value of money in relation to significant financing components.  The effect of applying this practical expedient election did not have an impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.  

Per ASC 606-10-25-18B, the Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities that occur after the customer has obtained control as a fulfillment activity instead of a performance obligation. Furthermore, shipping and handling activities performed before transfer of control of the product also do not constitute a separate and distinct performance obligation. The effect of applying this practical expedient election did not have an impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.  

The Company has elected to exclude from the transaction price those amounts which relate to sales and other taxes that are assessed by governmental authorities and that are imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected by the Company from a customer.

Applying the practical expedient in ASC 340-40-25-4, Other Assets and Deferred Costs, the Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred. These costs are included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses.” The effect of applying this practical expedient did not have an impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The following table represents external net sales disaggregated by product category (amounts in thousands):

For the three months ended September 30, 2019:        

	U.S.		Canada		Europe		Total
Cutting, Sharpening and Other	$	16,040	$	1,712	$	2,450	$	20,202
First Aid and Safety		16,793		—		—		16,793
Total Net Sales	$	32,833	$	1,712	$	2,450	$	36,995

For the three months ended September 30, 2018:        

	U.S.		Canada		Europe		Total
Cutting, Sharpening and Other	$	16,376	$	1,691	$	2,127	$	20,194
First Aid and Safety		14,537		—		—		14,537
Total Net Sales	$	30,913	$	1,691	$	2,127	$	34,731

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019:        

	U.S.		Canada		Europe		Total
Cutting, Sharpening and Other	$	48,045	$	5,281	$	7,974	$	61,300
First Aid and Safety		47,285		—		—		47,285
Total Net Sales	$	95,330	$	5,281	$	7,974	$	108,585

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018:        

	U.S.		Canada		Europe		Total
Cutting, Sharpening and Other	$	48,680	$	5,715	$	7,008	$	61,403
First Aid and Safety		44,788		—		—		44,788
Total Net Sales	$	93,468	$	5,715	$	7,008	$	106,191

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

8. Fair Value Measurements

The carrying value of the Company’s bank debt is a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the nature of its payment terms and maturity.

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Segment Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Segment Information Tables Abstract

Financial Data By Segment Table

Financial data by segment:

(in thousands)

	Three months ended September 30,					Nine months ended    September 30,
Sales to external customers:	2019		2018			2019		2018
United States	$	32,780	$	30,913		$	95,178	$	93,468
Canada		1,775		1,691			5,402		5,715
Europe		2,440		2,127			8,005		7,008
Consolidated	$	36,995	$	34,731		$	108,585	$	106,191
Operating income:
United States	$	1,381	$	1,182		$	5,942	$	5,209
Canada		280		193			746		876
Europe		65		(2	)		341		278
Consolidated	$	1,726	$	1,373		$	7,029	$	6,363
Interest expense, net		469		496			1,463		1,346
Other expense, net		40		23			52		84
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	1,217	$	854		$	5,514	$	4,933

Assets By Segment

Assets by segment:
(in thousands)
	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
United States	$	103,944	$	99,721
Canada		4,241		3,839
Europe		6,039		5,918
Consolidated	$	114,224	$	109,478

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 5,698	$ 4,409
Accounts receivable, less allowance	30,635	25,102
Inventories, net	38,970	41,332
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,787	2,149
Total current assets	77,090	72,992
Property, plant and equipment:
Land	1,417	1,423
Buildings	9,840	10,144
Machinery and equipment	19,592	18,244
Total property, plant and equipment	30,849	29,811
Less accumulated depreciation	16,843	15,268
Net property, plant and equipment	14,006	14,543
Operating lease right-of-use asset	2,123
Goodwill	4,696	4,696
Intangible assets, less accumulated amortization	16,107	17,044
Other assets	202	203
Total assets	114,224	109,478
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	7,217	7,983
Lease liability - current portion	920
Current portion of mortgage payable	267	267
Other accrued liabilities	8,202	5,115
Total current liabilities	16,606	13,365
Long-term debt	38,125	40,283
Mortgage payable, net of current portion	3,244	3,444
Lease liability - non-current portion	1,210
Other non-current liabilities	15	53
Total liabilities	59,200	57,145
Commitments and Contingencies
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock, par value $2.50: authorized 8,000,000 shares; issued - 4,838,071 shares in 2019 and 2018, including treasury stock	12,094	12,094
Additional paid-in capital	8,473	8,982
Retained earnings	50,996	47,550
Treasury stock, at cost - 1,487,238 shares in 2019 and 2018	(14,235)	(14,235)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Minimum pension liability	(661)	(539)
Translation adjustment	(1,643)	(1,519)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2,304)	(2,058)
Total stockholders' equity	55,024	52,333
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 114,224	$ 109,478

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock	Treasury Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Gain	Retained Earnings	Total
Balances at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 12,094	$ (13,870)	$ 8,881	$ (1,634)	$ 44,467	$ 49,938
Balances (shares) at Dec. 31, 2017	3,374,061
Net income					4,007	4,007
Other comprehensive gain (loss)				(227)		(227)
Stock compensation expense			641			641
Distributions to shareholders					(1,114)	(1,114)
Cash settlement of stock options			(754)			(754)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2018	$ 12,094	(13,870)	8,768	(1,861)	47,360	52,491
Balances (shares) at Sep. 30, 2018	3,374,061
Balances at Jun. 30, 2018	$ 12,094	(13,870)	8,946	(1,869)	46,925	52,226
Balances (shares) at Jun. 30, 2018	3,374,061
Net income					807	807
Other comprehensive gain (loss)				8		8
Stock compensation expense			334			334
Distributions to shareholders					(372)	(372)
Cash settlement of stock options			(512)			(512)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2018	$ 12,094	(13,870)	8,768	(1,861)	47,360	52,491
Balances (shares) at Sep. 30, 2018	3,374,061
Balances at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 12,094	(14,235)	8,982	(2,058)	47,550	$ 52,333
Balances (shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	3,350,833					4,838,071
Net income					4,537	$ 4,537
Other comprehensive gain (loss)				(124)		(124)
Adoption of ASU				(122)	122
Stock compensation expense			745			745
Distributions to shareholders					(1,213)	(1,213)
Cash settlement of stock options			(1,254)			(1,254)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2019	$ 12,094	(14,235)	8,473	(2,304)	50,996	$ 55,024
Balances (shares) at Sep. 30, 2019	3,350,833					4,838,071
Balances at Jun. 30, 2019	$ 12,094	(14,235)	8,701	(2,099)	50,341	$ 54,802
Balances (shares) at Jun. 30, 2019	3,350,833
Net income					1,059	1,059
Other comprehensive gain (loss)				(205)		(205)
Stock compensation expense			247			247
Distributions to shareholders					(404)	(404)
Cash settlement of stock options			(475)			(475)
Balances at Sep. 30, 2019	$ 12,094	$ (14,235)	$ 8,473	$ (2,304)	$ 50,996	$ 55,024
Balances (shares) at Sep. 30, 2019	3,350,833					4,838,071

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Leases (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019
Operating lease expense	$ 275	$ 856
Cost of Goods Sold
Operating lease expense	100	300
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Operating lease expense	$ 200	$ 600

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Basis of Presentation (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2019	Jan. 01, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Retained earnings	$ 50,996		$ 47,550
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2,304)		$ (2,058)
Operating lease right-of-use asset	2,123
Operating lease liability	$ 920
ASU 2018-02
Retained earnings		$ 100
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(100)
ASU 2016-02
Operating lease right-of-use asset		2,900
Operating lease liability		$ 2,900

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Debt and Shareholders' Equity (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		4 Months Ended	9 Months Ended		14 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Apr. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Cash paid to settle employee stock options		$ 475	$ 512		$ 1,254	$ 754
First Aid Only Distribution Center
Interest rate of LIBOR plus percentage	2.50%
Purchase price	$ 4,000
Variable rate mortgage interest rate	Interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.5%
Monthly payment	$ 22
Mortgage maturity date	Oct. 31, 2024
HSBC Bank
Outstanding borrowings under revolving loan agreement		38,125			38,125		$ 38,125	$ 40,283
Credit facility borrowing capacity		$ 50,000			$ 50,000		$ 50,000
Interest rate of LIBOR plus percentage				2.00%			1.75%
Credit facility interest rate				Interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.0%			Interest rate of LIBOR plus 1.75%
Facility fee per annum							0.20%
Credit facility expiration date							May 24, 2023
Covenant terms and compliance							Under the revolving loan agreement, the Company is required to maintain specific amounts of tangible net worth, a specified debt to net worth ratio and a fixed charge coverage ratio and must have annual net income greater than zero, measured as of the end of each fiscal year. At September 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with the covenants of the loan agreement.

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Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Leases Details Abstract
Weighted-average remaining lease term	3 years	3 years
Weighted-average discount rate	5.00%	5.00%
Operating lease expense	$ 275	$ 856
Operating lease cash flow	270	840
Future Minimum Lease Payments:
2019 (remaining)	257	257
2020	897	897
2021	541	541
2022	266	266
2023	255	255
Thereafter	64	64
Total future minimum lease payments	2,280	2,280
Less: imputed interest	(150)	(150)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 2,130	$ 2,130

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Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

1. Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of Acme United Corporation (the “Company”). These adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. However, the financial statements do not include all the disclosures normally required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America or those normally made in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K. Please refer to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for such disclosures. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 was derived from the audited consolidated balance sheet as of that date. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Company has evaluated events and transactions subsequent to September 30, 2019 and through the date these condensed consolidated financial statements were issued.

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), associated with lease accounting. There have been further amendments, including practical expedients, with the issuance of ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842) Targeted Improvements, in July 2018, and ASU 2018-20, Leases (Topic 842) Narrow Scope Improvements for Lessors, in December 2018. The amended guidance requires the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases with terms in excess of 12 months and currently classified as operating leases. Disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements is also required. We elected the optional transition method as of January 1, 2019, which allows entities to continue to apply historical accounting guidance in the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption.

At transition, lessees and lessors may elect to apply a package of practical expedients permitting entities not to reassess: (i) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; (ii) lease classification for any expired or existing leases; and (iii) whether initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases qualify for capitalization under the amended guidance. These practical expedients must be elected as a package and consistently applied. We have elected to apply the package of practical expedients upon adoption. The most significant effects of adoption relate to the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on our balance sheet for operating leases and providing new disclosures about leasing activities. Upon adoption, on January 1, 2019, the Company booked a right-of-use asset of $2.9 million and a corresponding lease liability. See note 9 for additional information.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. ASU No. 2018-02 provides companies with an option to reclassify stranded tax effects within accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to retained earnings in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (or portion thereof) is recorded. ASU No. 2018-02 also requires disclosure of a description of the accounting policy for releasing income tax effects from AOCI and whether an election was made to reclassify the stranded income tax effects from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. ASU No. 2018-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Companies can adopt the provisions of ASU No. 2018-02 in either the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is recognized. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2019 and this resulted in a reclassification between retained earnings and AOCI. The impact from this ASU increased retained earnings by approximately $0.1 million, with an offsetting increase to accumulated other comprehensive loss for the same amount.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU 2018-07 aligns the accounting for share-based payment awards issued to employees and non-employees. ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period. The adoption of this ASU on January 1, 2019 did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flow of the Company.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20), Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220). This ASU removes disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements of disclosures, and adds disclosure requirements identified as relevant. ASU 2018-14 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. The Company does not expect that the adoption of ASU 2018-14 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Operations
Net sales	$ 36,995	$ 34,731	$ 108,585	$ 106,191
Cost of goods sold	23,861	22,281	68,877	66,905
Gross profit	13,134	12,450	39,708	39,286
Selling, general and administrative expenses	11,408	11,077	32,679	32,923
Operating income	1,726	1,373	7,029	6,363
Non-operating items:
Interest expense	478	504	1,491	1,367
Interest income	(9)	(8)	(28)	(21)
Interest expense, net	469	496	1,463	1,346
Other expense, net	40	23	52	84
Total other expense, net	509	519	1,515	1,430
Income before income tax expense	1,217	854	5,514	4,933
Income tax expense	158	47	977	926
Net income	$ 1,059	$ 807	$ 4,537	$ 4,007
Basic earnings per share	$ .32	$ .24	$ 1.35	$ 1.19
Diluted earnings per share	$ .30	$ .23	$ 1.32	$ 1.12
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - denominator used for basic per share computations	3,352,000	3,374,000	3,352,000	3,374,000
Weighted average number of dilutive stock options outstanding	134,000	177,000	94,000	200,000
Denominator used for diluted per share computations	3,486,000	3,551,000	3,446,000	3,574,000
Dividends declared per share	$ .12	$ .11	$ .36	$ .33

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Segment Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Segment Information

Segment Information

6. Segment Information

The Company reports financial information based on the organizational structure used by the Company’s chief operating decision makers for making operating and investment decisions and for assessing performance. The Company’s reportable business segments consist of: (1) United States; (2) Canada; and (3) Europe. As described below, the activities of the Company’s Asian operations are closely linked to those of the U.S. operations; accordingly, the Company’s chief operating decision makers review the financial results of both on a consolidated basis, and the results of the Asian operations have been aggregated with the results of the United States operations to form one reportable segment called the “United States segment” or “U.S. segment”. Each reportable segment derives its revenue from the sales of cutting devices, measuring instruments and first aid and safety products for school, office, home, hardware, sporting and industrial use.

Domestic sales orders are filled primarily from the Company’s distribution centers in North Carolina, Washington, Massachusetts, Tennessee and California. The Company is responsible for the costs of shipping, insurance, customs clearance, duties, storage and distribution related to such products. Orders filled from the Company’s inventory are generally for less than container-sized lots.

Direct import sales are products sold by the Company’s Asian subsidiary, directly to major U.S. retailers, who take ownership of the products in Asia. These sales are completed by delivering product to the customers’ common carriers at the shipping points in Asia. Individual direct import sales are made in larger quantities than domestic sales, typically full containers. Direct import sales represented approximately 14% of the Company’s total net sales for each of the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to 12% and 11% for the comparable periods in 2018.

The Chief Operating Decision Maker evaluates the performance of each operating segment based on segment revenues and operating income. Segment revenues are defined as total revenues, including both external customer revenue and inter-segment revenue. Segment operating earnings are defined as segment revenues, less cost of goods sold and operating expenses. Identifiable assets by segment are those assets used in the respective reportable segment’s operations. Inter-segment amounts are eliminated to arrive at consolidated financial results.

The following table sets forth certain financial data by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

Financial data by segment:

(in thousands)

	Three months ended September 30,					Nine months ended    September 30,
Sales to external customers:	2019		2018			2019		2018
United States	$	32,780	$	30,913		$	95,178	$	93,468
Canada		1,775		1,691			5,402		5,715
Europe		2,440		2,127			8,005		7,008
Consolidated	$	36,995	$	34,731		$	108,585	$	106,191
Operating income:
United States	$	1,381	$	1,182		$	5,942	$	5,209
Canada		280		193			746		876
Europe		65		(2	)		341		278
Consolidated	$	1,726	$	1,373		$	7,029	$	6,363
Interest expense, net		469		496			1,463		1,346
Other expense, net		40		23			52		84
Consolidated income before income taxes	$	1,217	$	854		$	5,514	$	4,933

Assets by segment:
(in thousands)
	September 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
United States	$	103,944	$	99,721
Canada		4,241		3,839
Europe		6,039		5,918
Consolidated	$	114,224	$	109,478

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Pension (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Pension And Profit Sharing Tables Abstract

Components of Net Benefit Cost

Components of net periodic benefit cost are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Service cost	$	9		$	7		$	27		$	25
Interest cost	$	9		$	10		$	27		$	30
Expected return on plan assets		(14	)		(17	)		(43	)		(51	)
Amortization of actuarial loss		22			21			64			65
Total non-service cost	$	17		$	14		$	48		$	44
Net periodic pension cost	$	26		$	21		$	75		$	69

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Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Nov. 01, 2019
Document And Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	ACME UNITED CORP
Entity Central Index Key	0000002098
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2019
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Is Entity's Reporting Status Current?	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		3,352,130
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Entity Emerging Growth Company?	false
Entity Small Business?	true

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Comprehensive Income
Net income	$ 1,059	$ 807	$ 4,537	$ 4,007
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(205)	8	(124)	(227)
Comprehensive income	$ 854	$ 815	$ 4,413	$ 3,780

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Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Contingencies

Contingencies

2. Contingencies

There are no pending material legal proceedings to which the Company is a party, or, to the actual knowledge of the Company, contemplated by any governmental authority.

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Debt and Shareholders' Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Debt And Shareholders Equity

Debt and Shareholders Equity

5. Debt and Shareholders’ Equity

On May 24, 2018, the Company amended its revolving loan agreement with HSBC Bank, N.A. The amendment lowered the interest rate to LIBOR plus 1.75%; interest is payable monthly. In addition, the expiration date of the credit facility was extended to May 24, 2023. The prior interest rate was LIBOR plus 2%. The amount available for borrowing remains unchanged at $50 million. The Company must pay a facility fee, payable quarterly, in an amount equal to two tenths of one percent (.20%) per annum of the average daily unused portion of the revolving credit line. The facility is intended to provide liquidity for growth, acquisitions, share repurchases, dividends, and other business activities. Under the revolving loan agreement, the Company is required to maintain specific amounts of tangible net worth, a specified debt to net worth ratio and a fixed charge coverage ratio and must have annual net income greater than zero, measured as of the end of each fiscal year. At September 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with the covenants of the loan agreement.

As of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the Company had outstanding borrowings of approximately $38,125,000 and $40,283,000, respectively, under the Company’s revolving loan agreement with HSBC.

On October 26, 2017, the Company exercised its option to purchase its First Aid Only manufacturing and distribution center in Vancouver, WA for $4.0 million. The property consists of 53,000 square feet of office, manufacturing, and warehouse space on 2.86 acres. The purchase was financed by a variable rate mortgage with HSBC Bank, N.A. at an interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.5%. Commencing on December 1, 2017, principal payments of $22,222 are due monthly, with all amounts outstanding due on maturity on October 31, 2024.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company paid approximately $475,000 and $1,254,000, respectively, to optionees who had elected a net cash settlement of their respective employee stock options.

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Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

9. Leases

The Company has operating leases for office and warehouse space and equipment under various arrangements which provide the right to use the underlying asset and require lease payments for the lease term. The Company’s lease portfolio consists of operating leases which expire at various dates through 2024.

Certain of the Company’s lease arrangements contain renewal provisions, exercisable at the Company's option. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company determines if an arrangement is an operating lease at inception. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. All other leases are recorded on the balance sheet with right-of-use (“ROU”) assets representing the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities representing the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.

ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term and include options to extend or terminate the lease when they are reasonably certain to be exercised. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, the present value of lease payments is determined primarily using our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date. Lease agreements with lease and non-lease components are generally accounted for as a single lease component. The Company’s operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Operating lease cost was $0.3 million and $0.9 million for the three and nine-months ending September 30, 2019, respectively, For the three months ended September 30, 2019, $0.1 million is included in cost of goods sold and $0.2 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, $0.3 million is included in cost of goods sold and $0.6 million is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Information related to leases (in 000’s):

	Three months ended		Nine months ended
	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	275	$	856
Operating lease - cash flow	$	270	$	840

	September 30, 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term		3.0 years
Weighted-average discount rate		5%

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of September 30, 2019:

2019 (remaining)	$	257
2020		897
2021		541
2022		266
2023		255
Thereafter		64
Total future minimum lease payments	$	2,280
Less: imputed interest		(150	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	2,130

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Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Leases Tables Abstract

Information related to leases

Information related to leases (in 000’s):

	Three months ended		Nine months ended
	September 30, 2019		September 30, 2019
Operating lease cost	$	275	$	856
Operating lease - cash flow	$	270	$	840

	September 30, 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term		3.0 years
Weighted-average discount rate		5%

Future minimum lease payments

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of September 30, 2019:

2019 (remaining)	$	257
2020		897
2021		541
2022		266
2023		255
Thereafter		64
Total future minimum lease payments	$	2,280
Less: imputed interest		(150	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	2,130

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Net sales	$ 36,995	$ 34,731	$ 108,585	$ 106,191
Cutting, Sharpening and Other
Net sales	20,202	20,194	61,300	61,403
First Aid and Safety
Net sales	16,793	14,537	47,285	44,788
United States | Cutting, Sharpening and Other
Net sales	16,040	16,376	48,045	48,680
United States | First Aid and Safety
Net sales	16,793	14,537	47,285	44,788
Canada | Cutting, Sharpening and Other
Net sales	1,712	1,691	5,281	5,715
Canada | First Aid and Safety
Net sales
Europe
Net sales	2,450	2,127	7,974	7,008
Europe | Cutting, Sharpening and Other
Net sales	2,450	2,127	7,974	7,008
Europe | First Aid and Safety
Net sales
United States
Net sales	32,833	30,913	95,330	93,468
Canada
Net sales	$ 1,712	$ 1,691	$ 5,281	$ 5,715

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Stock Based Compensation (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2019	Sep. 30, 2018
Stock Based Compensation Details Narrative Abstract
Share-based compensation expense	$ 247	$ 334	$ 745	$ 641
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 1,602		$ 1,602
Unrecognized compensation cost recognition period			3 years