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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2026
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The Company's significant accounting policies are consistent with those disclosed in Note 2 to the audited financial statements included in the 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosures of contingencies at the reporting date, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Estimates have been prepared using the most recent and best available information. Although management believes the estimates that have been used are reasonable, actual results could materially differ from the estimates that were used. Adjustments, if any, to the estimates used are made prospectively based upon such periodic evaluation.
Contract Assets and Liabilities
Contract assets include unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales under contracts when the percentage-of-completion cost-to-cost method of revenue recognition is utilized and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. When costs incurred plus recognized profit (less recognized losses) on a contract exceeds progress billings, the net amount is recorded as a contract asset. Contract assets are classified as current based on the Company’s operating cycle and include amounts that may be billed and collected beyond one year due to the long-cycle nature of the Company’s contracts.

Contract liabilities include advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. When progress billings exceed costs incurred plus recognized profit (less recognized losses), the net amount is recorded as a contract liability. Contract liabilities are classified as current based on the Company’s contract operating cycle and reported on a contract-by-contract basis, net of revenue recognized, at the end of each reporting period.
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net tangible and intangible assets acquired in a business combination. The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment annually at October 1 and whenever events or circumstances make it more likely than not that impairment may have occurred. The Company has determined that its business comprises one reporting unit. The Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether events or circumstances indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. The Company considers factors in performing a qualitative assessment including, but not limited to, general macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, company financial performance, changes in strategy, and other relevant entity-specific events. If the Company elects to bypass the qualitative assessment or does not pass the qualitative assessment, a quantitative assessment is performed.
When a quantitative assessment is performed, the Company utilizes a discounted cash flow approach, which incorporates key assumptions such as future growth rates, terminal values, and discount rates. This process compares the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to the reporting unit’s carrying value, including goodwill. The Company recognizes a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value up to the amount of goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill of the reporting unit is considered not to be impaired.
Fair Value Measurements
The Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Under the fair value standards, fair value is based on the exit price in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The fair value measurement hierarchy is based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect internal market assumptions. The following hierarchy classifies the inputs used to determine fair value into three levels:
Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2 – Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities.
Valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs are favored. Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest priority level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of an input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of the fair value of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. Reclassifications of fair value between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, if applicable, are made at the end of each reporting period. See Note 12 – Fair Value Measurements for further details.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the five-step model under the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) which involves (i) identification of the contract(s), (ii) identification of performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determination of the transaction price, (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the previously identified performance obligations and (v) recognition of revenue as the performance obligations are satisfied.
The Company’s revenues are primarily derived from firm-fixed-price (“FFP”) contracts with both domestic U.S. Federal Government-controlled agencies as well as commercial customers, and the Company recognizes revenue for these arrangements over time. These contracts generally span several years in duration. Revenue arrangements where revenue is
recognized at a point in time are immaterial as a percentage of total revenues to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company’s contracts with customers generally do not include a right of return relative to delivered products. In certain cases, contracts are modified to account for changes in the contract specifications or requirements. In most instances, contract modifications are accounted for as part of the existing contract as modifications take place when the Company is in process of completing a performance obligation.
The Company’s typical contracts include two performance obligations. The first performance obligation consists of the combined design, development, and integration of a specified number of satellites on payloads constituting a fully functional constellation of satellites once successfully launched in space, as well as the design, development, and delivery of the hardware and software components constituting a ground system missions control to strategically operate the satellites to obtain mission critical data. The Company has determined that the various promises constitute a single combined performance obligation because the Company deemed each promise to not be individually distinct within the context of the contract since the Company performs a significant service of integrating the inputs into a combined output for which the customer has contracted: that is, a fully functional constellation of satellites that reports real-time information to the customer for strategic operations of the customer. Further, the Company concluded that the hardware and software developed for the customer and installed at the customer’s ground missions control are highly interdependent and highly interrelated with the satellites. The hardware and software serve as an interface to obtain the desired data from the constellation. The software enables the satellites to maneuver in space and communicate with each other and the ground systems in order to perform their intended function.
The second performance obligation consists of operations and maintenance services that operate the ground systems by sending instructions and commands to the satellites, obtaining data from the satellites, as well as maintenance and updates to the software. The Company concluded that these services constitute a series of daily time increments that are satisfied over time.
Customer contracts also typically include customer options to acquire additional operations and maintenance services. The pricing of these options is reflective of the standalone selling price for these services and therefore, does not provide the customer with a material right that would constitute a separate performance obligation. Instead, the options are accounted for only when the customer exercises the option to purchase the additional services.
For some contracts, the Company arranges for launch services from a third-party provider. As the Company does not obtain control of the services before they are provided to the customer, the Company concluded it is acting as an agent when arranging for launch services. Upon reviewing the indicators in ASC 606, the Company does not establish pricing for the services, rather, it is entitled to a fee for its arranging services. The Company also is not primarily responsible for the launch services and does not have inventory risk or procure the services without a customer lined up.
Once the Company identifies the performance obligations, it determines the transaction price, which includes estimating the amount of variable consideration to be included in the transaction price, if any. Typical contracts include variable consideration in the form of contingent milestone payments. The milestones are established at contract inception and outline the specifications and criteria that must be met for the Company to invoice the customer for the corresponding milestone payment. The Company utilizes the most likely approach to estimate variable consideration as most of the milestones have only two possible outcomes. The Company continuously considers the constraint guidance and typically does not constrain variable consideration as it deems it not probable that inclusion of the variable payments in the transaction price would result in a significant revenue reversal of cumulative revenue recognized to date for any single contract. The Company carefully establishes project milestones with consultation of its engineers and experts that have significant experience in achieving such milestones.
The Company allocates the transaction price to its identified performance obligation based upon their stand-alone-selling-price (“SASP”). Because the Company does not have observable SASP, it estimates SASP using a cost-plus-margin approach.
The Company recognizes revenue for its performance obligations over time as the Company’s performance creates an asset with no alternative use to the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date (for the design and build of the satellites and ground systems performance obligation) and as the customer benefits as the Company performs (for the operations and maintenance services performance obligation).
For the design and build of the satellites and ground systems performance obligation, the Company recognizes revenue using the percentage-of-completion (“POC”) method, based on the proportion of total costs incurred relative to total estimated costs at completion (“EAC”). An EAC includes all direct costs and indirect costs directly attributable to a contract or allocable based on the Company’s project cost pooling arrangements. The Company believes that this method represents the most faithful depiction of the Company’s performance because it directly measures value transferred to the customer. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that may span several years. These assumptions include, but are not limited to, the amount of time to complete the contract, including the assessment of the nature and complexity of the work to be performed; the cost and availability of materials; the availability of subcontractor services and materials; and the availability and timing of funding from the customer. The Company bears the risk of changes in estimates to complete on FFP contracts, which may cause profit levels to vary from period to period. For the operations and maintenance services performance obligation, the Company recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis over time.
Contracts are often modified for changes in contract value, specifications or requirements, which may result in scope as well as price changes. Most of the Company’s contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct in the context of the contract and are therefore accounted for as part of the original performance obligation through a cumulative EAC adjustment.
Accounting for long-term contracts requires significant judgment relative to estimating total contract revenues and costs, in particular, assumptions relative to the amount of time to complete the contract, including the assessment of the nature and complexity of the work to be performed. The Company’s estimates are based upon the professional knowledge and experience of its engineers, program managers and other personnel, who review each long-term contract quarterly to assess the contract’s schedule, performance, technical matters and estimated cost at completion. If, at the time of the contract award or at any time during the life of a contract it becomes probable that total contract costs will exceed total contract revenue, the expected loss is recognized immediately in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. A cumulative catch-up adjustment is recorded for changes in transaction price or estimate at completion during the period when such revisions occur.
For long-term contracts, the portion of the payments retained by the customer is not considered a significant financing component. At contract inception, the Company also expects that the lag period between the transfer of a promised good or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service will not constitute a significant financing component. Many of the Company’s long-term contracts have milestone payments, which align the payment schedule with the progress towards completion on the performance obligation. On some contracts, the Company may be entitled to receive an advance payment, which is not considered a significant financing component because it is used to facilitate inventory demands at the onset of a contract and to safeguard the Company from the failure of the other party to abide by some or all of their obligations under the contract.
U.S. Federal Government Contracts
The Company has engineering and construction contracts with the U.S. Federal Government, which typically provide the customer with the unilateral right to cancel the contract whenever the federal buying agency deems the cancellation is in the public interest. Under a termination for convenience clause, the Company is entitled to recover all costs incurred to the termination date, plus other costs not recovered at termination (such as ongoing costs not able to be discontinued, for
example, rental costs), as well as an allowance for profit or fee. The U.S. Federal Government also typically has the right to the goods produced and in process under the contract at the time of a termination.
Transaction Costs
Transaction costs include finder's fees, legal, accounting and other professional costs related to potential and closed acquisition activity, as well as non-recurring costs related to the IPO that are not eligible to be deferred IPO costs. Costs related to the revision or issuance of new debt are recorded as deferred financing costs.

Acquisitions
The Company accounts for its acquisitions from the date upon which it obtains control over one or more other businesses (even if less than 100% ownership is acquired), to recognize the fair value of all assets acquired and liabilities assumed and to establish the acquisition date fair value as of the measurement date.
While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the business combination date, the estimates and assumptions are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the business combination date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. For changes in the valuation of intangible assets between the preliminary and final purchase price allocation, the related amortization is adjusted in the period it occurs. Subsequent to the measurement period, any adjustments to assets acquired or liabilities assumed is included in operating results in the period in which the adjustment is identified. Transaction costs that are incurred in connection with a business combination, other than costs associated with the issuance of debt or equity securities, are expensed as incurred. The Company capitalizes acquisition-related costs and fees associated with asset acquisitions and immediately expenses acquisition-related costs and fees associated with business combinations.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

The Company did not adopt any accounting pronouncements during the three months ended March 31, 2026.

The Company considered all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe the adoption of such pronouncements will have a material impact on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.