10-12G 1 tpop-initialform10.htm 10-12G Document
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 30, 2024
File No.
U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10
GENERAL FORM FOR REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES
PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
TPG Private Equity Opportunities, L.P.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
Delaware99-4755034
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or registration)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
301 Commerce Street, Suite 330076102
Fort Worth, TX(Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices)
(212) 583-5000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
with copies to:
Rajib Chanda
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP
900 G Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20001
Benjamin Wells
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP
425 Lexington Ave
New York, NY 10017
Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Class S Limited Partnership Units
Class D Limited Partnership Units
Class I Limited Partnership Units
Class R-S Limited Partnership Units    
Class R-D Limited Partnership Units
Class R-I Limited Partnership Units
Class F Limited Partnership Units
(Title of class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. (Check one):
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerxSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth companyx
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐


TABLE OF CONTENTS
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EXPLANATORY NOTE
TPG Private Equity Opportunities, L.P. is filing this registration statement on Form 10 (the “Registration Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), to provide current public information to the investment community in anticipation of being required to register under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act in the future and to comply with applicable requirements thereunder.
In this Registration Statement, except where the context suggests otherwise:
the term “Aggregator” refers to T-POP US Aggregator (CYM), L.P., a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership, in which the Registrant (as defined below) and other parallel investment entities (“Parallel Investment Entities”) will invest;
the term “Registrant” refers to TPG Private Equity Opportunities, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, which is generally being offered to U.S. taxable investors, and that will invest all or substantially all of its assets in the Aggregator;
the term “Feeder TE” refers to TPG Private Equity Opportunities (TE), L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, which is generally being offered to non-U.S. investors and U.S. tax-exempt investors, and that will invest all or substantially all of its assets indirectly in Class I Units (as defined below) of the Registrant;
the terms “Fund,” “Partnerships,” and “T-POP” refer to the Registrant, Feeder TE and the Aggregator;
the term “General Partner” refers to TPG Private Equity Opportunities GenPar, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, as the general partner of each Partnership;
the term “Limited Partners” refers to the limited partners of T-POP, and references to the “applicable Partnership” mean that particular Partnership in which such Limited Partner invests and, unless the context otherwise requires, any subsidiaries thereof;
the term “Management Company” refers to T-POP Management Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company which will be responsible for portfolio management for the Fund;
the term “net asset value” or “NAV” refers to, as the context requires, transactional NAV (i.e., the price at which purchases and repurchases of Units (as defined below) are made, calculated in accordance with the valuation policy that has been approved by the Registrant’s Board of Directors (as defined below));
the terms “TPG” and “Firm” refer collectively to TPG Operating Group I, L.P., TPG Operating Group II, L.P., TPG Operating Group III, L.P. (collectively, “TPG Operating Group”) and Angelo, Gordon & Co., L.P. and their controlled funds, general partners and management companies and any of their affiliates, including TPG Inc.; and
the term “Units” refers to seven classes of the Fund’s limited partnership units: Class S (“Class S” or the “Class S Units”), Class D (“Class D” or the “Class D Units”), Class I (“Class I” or the “Class I Units”), Class R-S (“Class R-S” or the “Class R-S Units”), Class D (“Class R-D” or the “Class R-D Units”), Class I (“Class R-I” or the “Class R-I Units”) and Class F (“Class F” or the “Class F Units”) (each a “Class”).
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The Registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) and the Registrant will take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”).
This Registration Statement does not constitute an offer of T-POP or any other partnership, or any other pooled investment vehicle, separate account or other investment program (including any “funds-of-one”) sponsored, managed or advised (including on a sub-advisory basis) by TPG (collectively, “TPG funds”). Once this Registration Statement has been deemed effective, the Registrant will be subject to the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act, including the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, which will require the Registrant, among other things, to file annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, and the Registrant will be required to comply with all other obligations of the Exchange Act applicable to issuers filing registration statements pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Registration Statement may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the 1933 Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act, which involve certain known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements predict or describe the Fund’s future operations, business plans, business and investment strategies and portfolio management and the performance of the Fund’s investments. These forward-looking statements are generally identified by their use of such terms and phrases as “intend,” “goal,” “estimate,” “expect,” “remain,” “project,” “projections,” “plans,” “seeks,” “anticipates,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “designed to,” “foreseeable future,” “believe,” “scheduled” and similar expressions. The Fund’s actual results or outcomes may differ materially from those anticipated. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date the statement was made. Potential investors should not rely on these statements as if they were fact. The Fund assumes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. The forward-looking statements contained in this Registration Statement may include statements as to:
 
  
the Fund’s business prospects and the prospects of the portfolio companies the Fund owns and controls;
 
  
the impact of the acquisitions that the Fund expects to make;
 
  
the Fund’s ability to raise sufficient capital to execute its acquisition strategies;
 
  the ability of the Management Company to source adequate acquisition opportunities to efficiently deploy capital;
 
  
the ability of the Fund’s portfolio companies to achieve their objectives;
 
  
the Fund’s current and expected financing arrangements;
 
  changes in the general interest rate environment;
 
  
the adequacy of the Fund’s cash resources, financing sources and working capital;
 
  
the timing and amount of cash flows, distributions and dividends, if any, from the Fund’s portfolio companies;
 
  
the Fund’s contractual arrangements and relationships with third parties;
 
  actual and potential conflicts of interest with the Management Company or any of its affiliates;
 
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the dependence of the Fund’s future success on the general economy and its effect on the industries in which the Fund owns and controls portfolio companies;

  
the Fund’s use of financial leverage;
 
  
the ability of the Management Company to identify, acquire and support the Fund’s portfolio companies;
 
  the ability of the Management Company or its affiliates to attract and retain highly talented professionals;
 
  
the Fund’s ability to structure acquisitions and joint ventures in a tax-efficient manner and the effect of changes to tax legislation and its tax position; and
 
  
the tax status of the enterprises through which the Fund owns and controls portfolio companies.

Although the Fund believes that the assumptions on which these forward-looking statements are based are reasonable, any of those assumptions could prove to be inaccurate, and as a result, the forward-looking statements based on those assumptions also could be inaccurate. In light of these and other uncertainties, the inclusion of any projection or forward-looking statement in this Registration Statement should not be regarded as a representation by the Fund that its plans and objectives will be achieved. These risks and uncertainties include those described or identified in the section entitled “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Registration Statement. These projections and forward-looking statements apply only as of the date of this Registration Statement. Moreover, the Fund assumes no duty and does not undertake to update the forward-looking statements, except as required by applicable law.

References herein to “expertise,” any party being an “expert,” or awards received, degrees conferred or other particular skillsets, are based solely on the belief of the General Partner and are provided only to indicate proficiency as compared to an average person. Such references in no way limit the exculpation provisions and related standard of care as more fully described herein. Such references should not be construed or relied upon as an indication of future performance or other future outcomes. Similarly, references herein to “unique” and similar expressions and derivations are also based solely on the belief of the General Partner and are not intended to refer to an exclusively single practice, but to possessing characteristics of distinctiveness not found universally in the market. In addition, unless the context otherwise requires, the words “include,” “includes,” “including” and other words of similar import are meant to be illustrative rather than restrictive.
RISK FACTOR SUMMARY
The following is only a summary of the principal risks that may materially adversely affect the Fund’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. This summary should be read in conjunction with the more complete discussion of the risk factors the Fund faces, which are set forth in the section entitled “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Registration Statement.
Although the investment professionals of TPG have extensive investment experience generally, including extensive experience operating and investing for the platforms within TPG, as of the date of this Registration Statement, T-POP has not commenced operations and has no operating history. TPG cannot provide assurance that it will be able to successfully implement T-POP’s investment strategy, or that Investments (as defined below) made by T-POP will generate expected returns.
The valuation of T-POP’s investments will be difficult, may be based on imperfect information and is subject to inherent uncertainties, and the resulting values may differ from values that would have been determined had a ready market existed for such investments, from values placed on such investments by other investors and from prices at which such investments may ultimately be sold. Additionally, the purchase and repurchase price for the Fund’s Units will be based on the
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Fund’s NAV and are not based on any public trading market. The valuation of private equity investments is inherently subjective and the NAV may not accurately reflect the actual price at which the Fund’s Investments could be liquidated on any given day.
The Fund does not intend to list its Units on any securities exchange, and the Fund does not expect a secondary market in its Units to develop. In addition, there are limits on the ownership and transferability of the Units. The Fund will implement a Unit repurchase program (the “Repurchase Program”), but there is no guarantee the Fund will be able to make such repurchases. Furthermore, if the Fund does make such repurchases, only a limited number of Units will be eligible for repurchase and repurchases will be subject to available liquidity and other significant restrictions. This means that T-POP will be more illiquid than certain other investment products or portfolios.
An investment in the Fund’s Units is not suitable for you if you need ready access to the money you invest.
Limited Partners are not entitled to nominate or vote in the election of the Registrant’s directors. Further, Limited Partners are not able to bring matters before meetings of Limited Partners or nominate directors at such meeting, nor are they generally able to submit Limited Partner proposals under Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act. Overall responsibility for the Fund’s oversight rests with the General Partner, subject to certain oversight rights held by the Registrant’s Board of Directors (the “Board of Directors” or “Board”).
The Fund may utilize leverage in acquiring Investments, which increases the Fund’s exposure to loss. The use of leverage involves a high degree of financial risk and will increase the exposure of the investments to adverse economic factors.
The private equity industry generally, and T-POP’s investment activities in particular, are affected by general economic and market conditions, such as interest rates, availability and terms of credit, credit defaults, inflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in tax and monetary policies, trade barriers, commodity prices, currency exchange rates and controls, and national and international political, environmental and socioeconomic circumstances. Identifying, closing and realizing attractive private equity investments that fall within T-POP’s investment strategy is highly competitive and involves a high degree of uncertainty.
T-POP’s Investments may be concentrated at any time in a limited number of sectors, geographies or investments, and, as a consequence, may be more substantially affected by the unfavorable performance of even a single Investment as compared to a more diversified portfolio.
The success of T-POP will depend in large part upon the skill and expertise of the Management Company’s investment professionals. There can be no assurance that any portfolio company’s management team will be able to operate successfully or that the management team of a portfolio company on the date an investment is made will remain the same throughout the period the investment is held by T-POP, or that T-POP’s portfolio companies will be able to attract, develop and integrate other suitable personnel following the making of T-POP’s investments. Conflicts arise between T-POP and other investment funds, separate accounts or other investment vehicles that TPG sponsors or manages, whether currently existing or formed or acquired in the future (“other TPG funds”) and TPG with respect to allocation of investment opportunities and of investment professional time and resources, among other things.
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ITEM 1.    BUSINESS
TPG Private Equity Opportunities, L.P. (formerly defined as the Registrant) is a Delaware limited partnership formed on August 30, 2024 as a private fund exempt from registration under Section 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act. The Registrant, Feeder TE, and the Aggregator collectively form T-POP, an investment fund established by TPG. T-POP’s investment objective is to generate investment returns by providing its Limited Partners with broad exposure to investments across the private equity strategies of TPG. Structured as a perpetual-life vehicle, the Fund is expected to accept fully funded subscriptions monthly and aims to provide investors with a liquidity option by means of a quarterly repurchase program.
The Fund expects to conduct a continuous private offering of its Units in reliance on exemptions from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act to investors that are both (i) accredited investors (as defined in Regulation D under the 1933 Act) and (ii) qualified purchasers (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and the rules thereunder). Each of the General Partner and the Management Company is an affiliate of TPG.
T-POP Overview
T-POP was established by TPG to provide eligible investors with access to TPG’s private equity franchise through a single investment. T-POP will seek to construct an attractive and diversified portfolio of private equity assets primarily by making direct co-investments in transactions executed by TPG’s private equity strategies, which today includes a suite of 10 strategies and, to a lesser extent, primary fund commitments to such strategies. By leveraging the investment capabilities of TPG, T-POP aims to provide investors a pure play private equity alternative that benefits from TPG’s business building capabilities and strategic orientation towards attractive, growing sectors, and thereby serve as a core private equity allocation within its investors’ portfolios.
TPG’s private equity investing encompasses a spectrum of transaction types, including:

Buyout transactions: large-scale investments where TPG typically takes a control position in private companies, including carve-outs of business units from large corporations;
Growth transactions: control and significant minority investments in growth-oriented private middle-market companies; and
Secondaries transactions: GP-led secondaries, primarily investing in continuation vehicles, alongside GPs using these transactions as a means of holding what TPG believes to be its best assets for longer, with the GP typically rolling a substantial majority of its economics.
T-POP may also pursue primary commitments to, and/or secondary market purchases of existing investments in, certain investment funds managed by TPG and third-party managers, as well as other investments that the General Partner determines are suitable for T-POP in its sole discretion (together with direct co-investments, collectively, the “Equity Investments”). Over time, TPG expects that T-POP’s investment portfolio will include a broad pool of private equity assets that will be diversified across sector, geography, industry, market capitalization, and transaction type. T-POP will also generally seek to invest up to 20% of its net asset value in debt and other securities, including but not limited to, debt instruments, cash and money market funds, which may be used to provide a potential source of liquidity, generate current income and facilitate capital deployment (collectively, “Debt and Other Securities”, and together with Equity Investments, “Investments”). Proceeds generated by the realization of Investments are intended primarily to be redeployed into additional transactions, driving significant compounding of asset value over time.
TPG and TPG Private Equity Overview
TPG Inc. is a leading global alternative asset manager with $239 billion in assets under management as of September 30, 2024, and over three decades investing and building businesses in the most dynamic sectors of the
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global economy. Founded in 1992 in the San Francisco Bay area, TPG is built on family office origins and an entrepreneurial heritage, which have resulted in an affinity for innovation and a distinctive culture of openness and collaboration. TPG seeks to consistently deliver attractive risk-adjusted returns by investing and building businesses in the most dynamic sectors of the global economy.
Private equity is a core part of TPG’s heritage and today remains its largest asset class. TPG’s private equity investment approach, developed over TPG private equity’s 32-year history, is built on insight and engagement. TPG seeks to invest behind high quality companies benefitting from secular growth trends and drive further growth through strategic and operational improvement. TPG’s teams have invested together over multiple decades with a strategic orientation towards several core sectors including Healthcare, Technology, Consumer, Business Services, and Climate, which it believes benefit from strong macroeconomic tailwinds. TPG believes this specialization and expertise within sectors allow it to derive compelling insights that drive the identification of high conviction investing ideas and themes, and result in creative and often proprietary investment opportunities. TPG is a highly engaged, hands-on investor, and aims to drive business improvement and accelerate growth in its portfolio companies by leveraging its deep sector expertise and team of operational professionals. TPG believes its targeted focus on attractive, growing industries, combined with its ability to transform companies through active engagement and operational improvement, enable it to select quality assets and drive value creation regardless of economic backdrop and across market cycles.
TPG manages a diversified array of investment products encompassing a broad spectrum of alternative assets including private equity, credit, and real assets. As of September 30, 2024, TPG employed over 1,800 people, including more than 650 investment and operations professionals across 34 offices, which provides it with a substantial global reach and network. TPG manages a portfolio of approximately 300 active portfolio companies, 300 real estate properties, and 5,000 credit positions across more than 30 countries.
Investment Strategies
T-POP will seek to construct an attractive and diversified portfolio of private equity assets primarily by making direct co-investments in transactions executed by TPG’s private equity strategies and, to a lesser extent, primary fund commitments to such strategies. TPG’s private equity strategies that T-POP is expected to invest in currently include TPG Capital, TPG Healthcare Partners, TPG Asia, TPG Growth, TPG Tech Adjacencies, TPG Life Sciences Innovations, The Rise Funds, TPG Rise Climate, TPG GP Solutions, and TPG NewQuest.
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Strategy: TPG Capital
TPG Capital is TPG’s flagship North America and Europe-focused private equity investing strategy and the first business established at TPG’s 1992 founding. TPG Capital pursues large-scale buyout investments where it seeks to drive additional growth through TPG’s hands-on operational capabilities. In addition to driving financial improvement within TPG’s portfolio companies, TPG believes its
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operational capabilities provide a distinct advantage in sourcing and executing complex but attractive transactions, such as corporate carve-outs. The control-oriented nature of TPG Capital’s investments is often characterized by bespoke structuring arrangements and transformative improvement, which further drives beneficial investment outcomes.
Strategy: TPG Healthcare Partners
Building upon TPG’s multi-decade history of investing in healthcare, TPG Healthcare Partners, or “THP,” was established as a dedicated pool of capital to pursue healthcare-related investments, primarily in partnership with other TPG funds. THP provides investors with specialized healthcare exposure spanning sectors including Primary Care and Multi-Specialty Care, Payor IT & Services, Medical Technology Products and Services, Pharma Services / Life Science Tools, and Healthcare Information Technology.
Strategy: TPG Asia
Established as a regional complement to TPG Capital, TPG Asia pursues control-oriented investments in Australia, India, Southeast Asia, South Korea, and China. TPG Asia’s pan-regional team drives sourcing underpinned by localized insights and networks, which TPG believes results in a geographically diversified and thematically focused portfolio.
Strategy: TPG Growth
TPG believes TPG Growth is uniquely positioned to invest at the intersection of traditional growth equity and middle market buyout opportunities. The strategy seeks to capture the upside of traditional growth equity investing while providing the structure and protections of the traditional middle market buyout toolkit. TPG’s Growth fund invests primarily in North America and India and selectively across Southeast Asia and Australia.
Strategy: TPG Tech Adjacencies
TPG Tech Adjacencies, or TTAD, pursues minority structured investments in technology sectors. Specifically, TTAD fills a market need by providing primary structured equity solutions for companies looking for creative growth capital, as well as flexible secondary capital solutions for founders, employees, and early investors.
Strategy: TPG Life Sciences Innovations
TPG Life Sciences Innovations, or “LSI”, seeks to partner with companies developing disruptive science, technologies, and business models to meaningfully improve outcomes in patients with significant unmet medical needs.
Strategy: The Rise Funds
The Rise Funds are TPG’s dedicated vehicles for investing in companies that generate both strong financial performance and investments returns as well as demonstrable and significant positive societal impact. The Rise Funds were a first mover in demonstrating that impact buyout investing at scale can generate PE/buyout returns. Core areas of focus include Climate and Conservation, Education, Financial Inclusion, Food and Agriculture, Healthcare, and Impact Services. The funds invest globally and across developed and developing markets.
Strategy: TPG Rise Climate
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TPG Rise Climate is TPG’s dedicated climate impact investing product to meet the challenges and opportunities created by global climate change. The strategy’s core areas of focus include Clean Energy, Decarbonized Transport, Greening Industrials, and Agriculture and Natural Solutions.
Strategy: TPG GP Solutions
TPG GP Solutions was created to invest in high-quality private equity assets, which are principally based in North America and Europe, in partnership with third-party general partners. This market benefits from positive selection bias, with private equity managers using continuation vehicles as a means of holding on to their best companies for longer.
Strategy: TPG NewQuest
TPG NewQuest seeks to acquire private equity positions on a secondary basis in underlying portfolio companies whose businesses are substantially based in the Asia Pacific region. TPG NewQuest is principally focused on complex secondary transactions, which distinguishes it from the majority of secondaries firms in the market today.
T-POP may also pursue secondary market purchases of existing investments in other TPG funds and third-party managers as well as other investments that the General Partner determines are suitable for the Fund in its sole discretion.
T-POP generally expects to invest approximately 80% of its NAV in Equity Investments and will generally seek to invest up to 20% of its NAV in Debt and Other Securities. T-POP’s Investments may vary materially from these indicative ranges, including due to factors such as availability of capital, attractiveness of investment opportunities and other factors in the Management Company’s sole discretion and subject to any limitations or requirements relating to applicable law or regulation. Certain Investments could be characterized by the Management Company, in its sole discretion, as either Equity Investments or Debt and Other Securities depending on the terms and characteristics of such Investments.
T-POP may utilize leverage, incur indebtedness and provide other credit support for any purpose, including to fund all or a portion of the capital necessary for an Investment, subject to certain limitations. See “Item I(c). Description of Business Leverage” below for more information regarding T-POP’s utilization of leverage. T-POP may, but is not obligated to, engage in hedging transactions for the purpose of efficient portfolio management. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” for a discussion of the risks inherent in employing leverage and engaging in hedging transactions.
The General Partner and the Board of Directors
Overall responsibility for T-POP’s oversight rests with the General Partner, subject to certain oversight rights held by the Registrant’s Board of Directors. The Registrant has entered into a limited partnership agreement (as may be amended from time to time, “the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement”), with the General Partner. Additionally, Feeder TE and the Aggregator will enter into separate limited partnership agreements with the General Partner. The Registrant’s Partnership Agreement and the limited partnership agreements of Feeder TE and the Aggregator (each as they may be amended from time to time) are referred to collectively as the “Partnership Agreements,” and each, individually, as a “Partnership Agreement.” Without limitation, and subject to the terms of the Partnership Agreements, the General Partner is responsible for and authorized with the management and operation of T-POP, including performing all acts and entering into and performing all contracts (including contracting with the Management Company), other documents and tasks as it may deem necessary or advisable for T-POP.
The General Partner will appoint members to the Board of Directors, including members who will be “independent” (as such term is defined in Section 303A.02 of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual or described in any other policy as determined by the General Partner) and unaffiliated with the General
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Partner, the Management Company, or any of their affiliates (the “Independent Directors”). The Board of Directors holds certain oversight rights for particular conflicts of interest, as outlined herein and in the Partnership Agreements. In addition, the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors will be responsible for overseeing management in the preparation of periodic reports under the Exchange Act. See “Item 5. Directors and Executive Officers—Biographical Information” for further information regarding the members of the Board of Directors.
Approval of the Independent Directors will also be required for (i) the suspension of (x) the calculation of the NAV of the Units, (y) the offering of Units or (z) the Repurchase Program, (ii) any material modification to (x) the valuation policy adopted by the Registrant (the “Valuation Policy”) and (y) the Repurchase Program and (iii) the fair valuation of any Equity Investment that the General Partner has determined to value outside of the applicable range provided by T-POP’s independent valuation advisor.
The Registrant will have an Audit Committee, which will be composed solely of Independent Directors. The Audit Committee will be responsible for selecting the Registrant’s auditor and approving its financial statements, among other matters.
The Management Company
The Management Company will be responsible for portfolio management for T-POP, pursuant to a management agreement (as may be amended from time to time, the “Management Agreement”). The Management Company is a newly formed Delaware limited liability company. TPG Solutions Advisors, LLC (together with its relying advisers) is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser under the U.S. Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended from time to time, and the rules promulgated thereunder (the “Advisers Act”). The Management Company is a registered investment adviser listed with the SEC as a relying adviser of TPG Solutions Advisors, LLC, and the General Partner will be subject to the Advisers Act.
The Management Company will manage the Fund’s portfolio through the T-POP management team. Key members of the T-POP management team include Todd Sisitsky (Chairperson), Jack Weingart (Chief Executive Officer), Katherine Wood (Co-President), Matt Jones (Co-President), Matt White (Chief Financial Officer), Ayanna Clunis (Chief Operating Officer), Steve Willmann (Portfolio Manager), Jacqui Hawwa (Portfolio Manager), Paul Motusesky (Portfolio Manager, Liquidity), Carmen Tscherne (Deputy Chief Financial Officer), Thomas Cylenica (Deputy Portfolio Manager) and Jenny B. Neslin (General Counsel).
T-POP’s management team will be responsible for the day-to-day managing and monitoring of T-POP’s investment activities and liquidity needs and will provide allocation proposals regarding potential investments to an investment committee led by certain of TPG’s senior and experienced investment professionals (the “Investment Committee”), which is expected to include a subset of T-POP’s management team. The management team will also play a key role in marketing T-POP and overseeing T-POP’s valuation process, repurchase program, and reporting requirements, among other ongoing functions. See “Item 5. Directors and Executive Officers—Investment Committee.”
In consideration for its services, the Management Company will be entitled to receive the Management Fee and the Maintenance Fee (each as defined herein) payable by the Fund. The Management Company has agreed to waive the Management Fee for the first six months following the date from which the Fund first accepts third-party Limited Partners and begins investment operations (the “Initial Closing”). In addition, for Limited Partners who invest in the first year following the Initial Closing, the Management Company has agreed to a 25 basis point reduction in its Management Fee for the thirty-six months following sixth-month anniversary of the Initial Closing. See “Item 1. Business—Management Agreement” and for a discussion of Fund Expenses, see “Item 2. Financial Information—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Expenses—Management Fee” below for further information.
Each of the Management Company and General Partner is an affiliate of TPG and, as such, the Management Company and General Partner have access to the broader resources of TPG, subject to TPG’s policies and procedures regarding the management of conflicts of interest.
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T-POP Structure
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Market Opportunity
Private equity has historically delivered strong returns and proven to be a valuable source of portfolio diversification relative to public markets. In addition to outperformance of returns, the private markets represent an increasing share of global investment opportunities. Despite significant growth and innovation in the broader economy, the number of publicly listed companies in the United States has steadily fallen over the last thirty years. Today there are approximately 4,600 publicly listed U.S. companies, a decline from over 8,000 in 1996.1 Comparatively, there are more than 10,000 private equity-backed companies in the United States today.2 This reduction of the public equity investment universe is the result of several factors. Notably, changing dynamics in the capital markets that have enabled private companies to attract financing, combined with increased regulatory requirements to go public, have resulted in many companies staying private for longer. 3 As a result, TPG believes over time an increasing amount of value creation in the U.S. market has shifted to occur in the private markets.
1 Source: World Bank as of June 30, 2024. World Federation of Exchanges as of June 30, 2024.
2 Source: Pitchbook, as of June 30, 2024.
3 Source: Brown, Keith C., Wiles, Kenneth W., “The Growing Blessing of Unicorns: The Changing Nature of the Market for Privately Funded Companies” Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 2020.
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Management Agreement
The description below of the Management Agreement is only a summary and is not necessarily complete. The description set forth below is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Management Agreement attached as an exhibit to this Registration Statement.
The Management Company will provide management services to the Registrant pursuant to the Management Agreement. Under the terms of the Management Agreement, the Management Company is responsible for the following:
identify and recommend investment opportunities consistent with the purposes of the Registrant (including any subsidiary thereof);
analyze and investigate potential Investments of the Registrant, including their products, services, markets, management, financial condition and projected future performance and analyzing other Investments, including primary and secondary investments in funds;
structure Investments and identify sources of financing in connection therewith, including through (i) entities that directly or indirectly holds certain investments of the Fund and are classified as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes, whether formed in a U.S. or non-U.S. jurisdiction (“Corporations”) and (ii) any limited liability companies, limited partnerships or other types of entities that directly or indirectly hold certain investments of the Fund (“Lower Entities,” and together with Corporations, and including the Aggregator, “Intermediate Entities”);
monitor, manage and evaluate portfolio companies;
analyze and investigate potential dispositions of Investments, including by identifying potential acquirors and evaluating offers made by such potential acquirors;
supervise the negotiation, preparation and review of all agreements and other documents in connection with Investments, dispositions of Investments and financings;
maintain the books and records of the Registrant in accordance with the terms of the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement;
prepare reports, financial statements, and other communications to the limited partners and general partners of the Fund;
hire and supervise consultants, accountants, auditors, legal counsel, investment bankers, and other third parties providing services to the Registrant; and
provide such other services related to the management and operations of the Registrant as the parties may agree.
The Management Company’s services under the Management Agreement are not exclusive, and it is free to furnish similar services to other entities, so long as its services to the Registrant are not impaired. For the avoidance of doubt, the Registrant’s management, policies and operations shall be the ultimate responsibility of the General Partner acting pursuant to and in accordance with the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement. See “Item 1. Business—Partnership Agreement” below for further information.
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Compensation of the Management Company
Management Fee
In consideration for its investment management services, the Management Company will be entitled to receive a management fee (the “Management Fee”) calculated and payable monthly by the Fund (directly or indirectly through an Intermediate Entity) in arrears, equal to, for each calendar month commencing six calendar months after the Initial Closing, in the aggregate, (i) 1.25% of the Fund’s NAV per annum of the Class S Units, Class D Units and Class I Units and (ii) 1.00% of the Fund’s NAV per annum of the Class R-S Units, Class R-D Units and Class R-I Units for a 36-month period following the sixth-month anniversary of the Initial Closing, and 1.25% of the Fund’s NAV per annum of such Units thereafter, in each case, before giving effect to any accruals for the Management Fee, the Servicing Fee (as defined below), the Performance Participation Allocation (as defined below), the Maintenance Fee (as defined below), Aggregator Unit repurchases (and pending repurchases), any distributions and without taking into account any accrued and unpaid taxes of an Intermediate Entity (or the receipts of such Intermediate Entity) through which the Fund indirectly invests in an Investment or any comparable entities of any other TPG fund, or taxes paid by any such entity during the applicable month. The Registrant, Feeder TE, any feeder funds and any Parallel Investment Entities will each be obligated to bear (without duplication) its proportional share of the Management Fee based on its proportional interest in the Aggregator.
The Management Company may elect to receive the Management Fee in cash, Units of the Fund or any Parallel Investment Entities, and/or shares, interests or units (as applicable) of the Intermediate Entities (which may, for the avoidance of doubt, be paid or allocated directly by an Intermediate Entity). If the Management Fee is paid in Units, such Units may be repurchased at the Management Company’s request and will be subject to the volume limitations of the Repurchase Program but not the Early Repurchase Deduction (as defined below).
For the avoidance of doubt, the Management Company will not receive the Management Fee for the first six months following the date of the Initial Closing.
On a cumulative basis, the Management Fee paid by the Fund is expected to be reduced (but not below zero) by an amount equal to 100% of the Fund’s pro rata share of (i) Net Fee Income (as defined below), if any, received by the Management Company or any affiliate of the Management Company, as a representative, or on behalf, of the Fund and (ii) carried interest, management fees or incentive fees paid or borne by the Fund in connection with the Fund’s investments in other TPG funds (other than secondary investments in other TPG funds made as part of a portfolio transaction); provided, that any non-cash consideration that constitutes Net Fee Income shall not reduce the Management Fee until such non-cash consideration is disposed of for cash (in which case the reduction shall be determined based on the amount of cash received upon such disposition), or, if not disposed of prior to the disposition or other realization of the Investment with respect to which such non-cash consideration was received, as of the date of the disposition or other realization of such Investment (in which case the reduction shall be determined based on the fair value of such consideration as of the date of the disposition or other realization of such Investment). To the extent that the amount referred to in the preceding sentence exceeds the Management Fee due, such excess shall be carried forward to the immediately succeeding month.
“Net Fee Income” means the Fund’s proportionate interest in Break-Up Fees and Portfolio Fees (each as defined below).
“Break-Up Fees” means, with respect to any potential Investment, all cash and other consideration received by the Management Company, the General Partner or any of their affiliates (other than the Fund or any Parallel Investment Entity) specifically in connection with the termination, cancellation or abandonment of the Fund’s portion of such potential Investment.
“Portfolio Fees” means, with certain exceptions as set forth in the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement, all cash and other consideration received by the Management Company or the General Partner, their respective employees, any partner of the General Partner or their respective affiliates, other than the Fund or any Parallel Investment Entity from or in respect of such portions of Investments in portfolio companies then held by the Fund as
8

acquisition and disposition fees, directors’ fees, financial consulting fees, advisory fees, monitoring fees and any other fees earned on or relating to the making, disposition or management of Investments, other than Capital Markets Fees (as defined below), expenses related to specialized operational services (such expenses “Specialized Operational Services Expenses”), expenses related to Foreign Office Services (as defined below), fees and expenses of additional service providers that are TPG affiliates relating to services provided to the Fund and its subsidiaries and portfolio companies in the future, the Management Fee, the Servicing Fee and the Maintenance Fee, and in each case, net of any reimbursement for Specialized Operational Services Expenses from Portfolio Fees.
For purposes of calculating the amount that offsets the Management Fee, Portfolio Fees are net of any reimbursement for Specialized Operational Services from Portfolio Fees. In addition, amounts constituting Portfolio Fees may be used in the General Partner’s sole discretion to pay or reimburse out-of-pocket expenses related to the Investment giving rise to such amounts instead of applying such amounts as a Management Fee offset.
A TPG affiliate is expected to be involved in activities relating to the underwriting, structuring, syndication, private placement or arranging of debt or equity issued by, or in respect of, certain of the Fund’s portfolio companies or other capital markets- or broker-dealer-related services or activities. These activities and/or services do not need to be approved by any person (including the Independent Directors), and the fees and expenses received in connection with the provision of such services (the “Capital Markets Fees”) will be for the benefit of TPG and not the Fund and shall not reduce the Management Fee payable by the Fund.
Performance Participation Allocation
The General Partner shall be entitled to an allocation or distribution (the “Performance Participation Allocation”) from the Fund (directly or indirectly through an Intermediate Entity), equal to 12.5% of Total Return attributable to Investor Units subject to a 5% annual Hurdle Amount and a High Water Mark with a 100% Catch-Up (each as defined below). Such allocation will be measured on a calendar-year basis and will be distributed or allocated annually and accrued monthly (subject to pro-rating for partial periods). Investors in Feeder TE will indirectly bear a portion of the Performance Participation Allocation payable by the Registrant, but such expenses will not be duplicated at the Feeder TE level. For further information regarding the Performance Participation Allocation, see “Item 2. Financial Information—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Expenses—Performance Participation Allocation” below.
Maintenance Fee
In consideration for its operational services, the Management Company will be entitled to receive a maintenance fee (the “Maintenance Fee”) from the Fund (directly or indirectly through an Intermediate Entity) payable in cash monthly in arrears equal to, in the aggregate, 0.10% of the Fund’s NAV per annum, before giving effect to any accruals for the Management Fee, the Servicing Fee, the Performance Participation Allocation, the Maintenance Fee, Aggregator Unit repurchases (and pending repurchases), any distributions and without taking into account any accrued and unpaid taxes of an Intermediate Entity (or the receipts of such Intermediate Entity) through which the Fund indirectly invests in an Investment or any comparable entities of any other TPG fund, or taxes paid by any such entity during the applicable month. The Registrant, Feeder TE, any feeder funds and any Parallel Investment Entities will each be obligated to bear (without duplication) its proportional share of the Maintenance Fee based on its proportional interest in the Aggregator.
From time to time, the Management Company may outsource certain administrative duties provided with respect to the Maintenance Fee to third parties.
For further information regarding the reimbursement of the costs and expenses incurred by the General Partner or the Management Company, as applicable, see “Item 2. Financial Information—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Expenses—Fund Expenses” below for further information.
The Registrant’s Partnership Agreement
9

The description below of the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement is only a summary and is not necessarily complete. The description set forth below is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement attached as an exhibit to this Registration Statement.
TPG Private Equity Opportunities GenPar, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, is the Registrant’s General Partner. Overall responsibility for the Fund oversight rests with the General Partner, subject to certain oversight rights held by the Registrant’s Board with respect to periodic reports under the Exchange Act and certain situations involving conflicts of interest. Without limitation, and subject to the terms of the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement, the General Partner is responsible for and authorized with the following:
performing all acts and entering into and performing all contracts (including contracting with the Management Company); and
other documents and tasks as it may deem necessary or advisable for T-POP.
Additionally, the General Partner or any of its affiliates may, in its sole discretion, cause the Fund to hold certain investments directly or indirectly through Intermediate Entities or to structure or re-structure T-POP’s investments, holdings and business operations in a manner that would allow T-POP to rely on a different exclusion from the definition of “investment company” under the 1940 Act or to become subject to 1940 Act requirements. Management Fees and Performance Participation Allocations (each as described herein) may be paid or allocated, as applicable, in whole or in part, at the level of the Fund or any such Intermediate Entity and will generally not take into account accrued and unpaid taxes of any Intermediate Entity (or the receipts of such Intermediate Entity).
Investment Process Overview
T-POP’s portfolio will be managed through T-POP’s management team, a dedicated team of TPG investment and operations professionals with diverse professional backgrounds and extensive experience across several industry sectors and geographies. T-POP’s management team will provide allocation proposals regarding potential investments to an investment committee led by certain of TPG’s senior and experienced investment professionals, which will review and approve each Equity Investment. Investments will primarily consist of direct investments in transactions executed by TPG’s 10 private equity strategies and, to a lesser extent, primary commitments to such strategies. Such investments benefit from having been evaluated by the investment committees of each underlying strategy and their management, with all investments being subject to TPG’s rigorous investment process.
TPG believes that its focus on proactive theme development, coupled with its operationally intensive investment style, results in an enhanced ability to identify and execute transactions with what TPG considers to be unique and compelling risk and reward profiles. Such transactions include deals in which TPG believes there is the potential for transformative growth or improvement under our ownership through initiatives such as product innovation or strategic inorganic growth. Furthermore, TPG believes it has developed a unique track record and ability to successfully execute structurally complex transactions that can be attractive investment opportunities but require a high degree of sophistication, such as corporate carve-outs.
Within TPG’s private equity strategies, investment professionals are actively involved in identifying, evaluating, structuring, performing diligence, conveying terms, executing, monitoring and exiting investments, as well as pursuing operational improvements in TPG’s strategies’ portfolio companies. TPG’s deal teams perform significant research into each prospective investment, including a review of a prospective portfolio company’s performance, projection, market position, financial statements, comparisons of other public and private companies and comparative transactions and relevant industry and market data. The due diligence effort also typically includes on-site visits, interviews and meetings with management, research, evaluation and analyses related to the company’s industry, markets, products and services, and competitive positioning, and background checks of the management team.
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Deal teams submit investment opportunities and analysis for review and consideration by the applicable strategy’s Investment Review Committee (“IRC”). The IRC is composed of senior leaders and investment professionals of the applicable strategy and, in many cases, senior leaders of TPG. The IRC process involves detailed review of the transaction and investment thesis, business, risk factors and diligence issues, as well as financial models. Considerations that IRCs take into account when evaluating an investment may include, depending on the nature of the investing business and its strategy, the quality, market position and growth potential of the target company or asset in which the fund proposes to invest, the quality and reputation of the target company’s management team, the sale process for such target company or asset, likely exit strategies and factors that could reduce the value of the target company or asset at exit, the target company or asset’s size and sensitivity to cash flow generation, the portfolio fit and macroeconomic trends in the relevant geographic region or industry.
After discussing the proposed deal with the deal team, the IRC will decide whether to give its preliminary approval to the deal team to continue evaluating and performing diligence on the potential investment and will direct the team on conveying necessary terms. The IRC will typically conduct several meetings to consider a particular deal. Both at such meetings and in other discussions with the deal team, the senior leaders and other investment professionals of the applicable strategy will direct the deal team on terms, strategy, process, and other important considerations.
Existing investments are reviewed and monitored on a regular basis by investment professionals and with routine portfolio company performance reporting to senior leaders of the applicable strategies. In addition, TPG’s investment professionals and portfolio operations teams work directly with TPG’s portfolio company senior executives to identify opportunities to drive operational efficiencies and growth. Investment professionals are also responsible for making recommendations with respect to when and how to exit an investment to maximize value for investors, generally following a similar review and feedback cycle as the investment process.
Investment Committee
All Equity Investments in which T-POP participates are reviewed and approved by T-POP’s Investment Committee and the Investment Committee’s process includes ensuring such investments are consistent with T-POP’s investment objective and the portfolio construction targets described herein. The Investment Committee will review and assess valuations, diligence materials, pricing, structure, liquidity profile and other key metrics related to potential investments proposed by T-POP’s management team. The Investment Committee will also conduct periodic reviews of T-POP’s allocation targets and portfolio construction. For further information regarding the Investment Committee, see “Item 5. Directors and Executive Officers—Committees—Investment Committee.”
Material Conflicts of Interest
The Fund is subject to certain conflicts of interest arising out of its relationship with TPG, including the Management Company, the General Partner and their affiliates. There is no guarantee that the policies and procedures adopted by the Fund, the terms of the Partnership Agreements, the terms and conditions of the Management Agreement, or the policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Directors, General Partner, the Management Company, TPG and their affiliates, will enable the Fund to identify, adequately address or mitigate these conflicts of interest, or that the Management Company or General Partner will identify or resolve all conflicts of interest in a manner that is favorable to the Fund, and investors may not be entitled to receive notice or disclosure of the occurrence of these conflicts or have any right to consent to them. Some examples of conflicts of interest that may arise by virtue of the Fund’s relationship with TPG include, but are not limited to, the allocation of investment opportunities, the amounts paid to the General Partner, the Management Company and their affiliates, Fund fees and expense, the Fund’s use of leverage, and the valuation of the Fund’s assets. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Certain Investment Considerations” for more discussion of the Fund’s conflicts of interest.

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Competition
TPG believes that competition for investment opportunities varies across the private equity strategies in which it intends to invest but is generally based on industry expertise and potential for value-add pricing, terms, the structure of a proposed investment and certainty of execution. TPG believes its position as a leading private equity investor with scale, experienced investment teams and strong sourcing capabilities will help TPG compete for quality investment opportunities and that TPG’s operational expertise will help the Fund’s portfolio companies compete in their respective markets. TPG competes for investment opportunities with other investment funds, business development companies, strategic industry acquirers, special purpose acquisition companies and other financial investors investing directly or through affiliates. New competitors constantly enter the market, and in some cases existing competitors combine in a way that increases their strength in the market.
Leverage
The Fund may utilize leverage, incur indebtedness and provide other credit support for any purpose, including to fund all or a portion of the capital necessary for an Investment.
The Fund generally does not intend to incur indebtedness for borrowed money that would cause the Leverage Ratio (as defined below) to be in excess of 30% (the “Leverage Guideline”). Any indebtedness incurred at the investment level will be excluded in the calculation of the Leverage Guideline.
“Leverage Ratio” means, on any date of incurrence of any indebtedness for borrowed money, the quotient obtained by dividing (i) Aggregate Net Leverage (as defined below) by (ii) the aggregate month-end values of the Fund’s Investments, plus the value of any other assets (such as cash on hand), as determined in accordance with the Fund’s Valuation Policy (as defined below).
“Aggregate Net Leverage” means (i) the aggregate amount of recourse indebtedness for borrowed money (e.g., bank debt) of the Fund minus (ii) cash and cash equivalents of the Fund minus, without duplication, (iii) cash used in connection with funding a deposit in advance of the closing of an investment and working capital advances.
For purposes of determining Aggregate Net Leverage, the General Partner shall use the principal amount of borrowings, and not the valuations of the Fund’s borrowings, and may, in its sole discretion, determine which securities and other instruments are deemed to be cash equivalents. The Fund’s assets or any part thereof, including any accounts of the Fund, may be pledged in connection with any credit facilities or indebtedness. For the avoidance of doubt, the Leverage Guideline does not apply to guarantees of indebtedness, “bad boy” guarantees or other related liabilities that are not recourse indebtedness for borrowed money.
See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Certain Investment Considerations—Use of Leverage—Borrowing by the Fund” for more information.
Emerging Growth Company
The Registrant will be and will remain an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act until the earlier of (a) the last day of the fiscal year (i) following the fifth anniversary of the date of its initial public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the 1933 Act, (ii) in which the Registrant has total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, or (iii) in which the Registrant is deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of Units that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the date of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and (b) the date on which the Registrant has issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period. For so long as the Registrant remains an “emerging growth company,” the Registrant may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley Act”). The Registrant cannot predict if investors will find Units less attractive because the Registrant may rely on some or all of these exemptions.
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In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the 1933 Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Registrant will take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards, which may make it more difficult for investors and securities analysts to evaluate the Registrant since its financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates and may result in less investor confidence.
Distribution Reinvestment Plan
The Fund has adopted a distribution reinvestment plan, pursuant to which it will automatically reinvest all cash distributions declared by the General Partner on behalf of the Limited Partners who do not elect to receive their distributions in cash as provided below (each such non-electing Limited Partner, a “Participating Limited Partner”). As a result, if the General Partner authorizes, and the Fund declares, a cash distribution, then Participating Limited Partners will have their cash distributions automatically reinvested in additional Units as described below, rather than receiving such cash distributions. Distributions on fractional Units will be credited to each Participating Limited Partner’s account to three decimal places. Units received through the distribution reinvestment plan will not be subject to the Early Repurchase Deduction.
No action is required on the part of a Limited Partner to have their cash distribution reinvested in Units. Limited Partners can elect to “opt out” of the Fund’s distribution reinvestment plan in their subscription documents (other than clients of certain participating brokers that do not permit automatic enrollment in the Fund’s distribution reinvestment plan), which clients will automatically receive their distributions in cash unless they elect to have their cash distributions reinvested in additional Units.
Any non-Participating Limited Partner who initially elected not to participate in the distribution reinvestment plan may later become a Participating Limited Partner by subsequently completing and executing an enrollment form or any distribution authorization form as may be available from the Fund or SS&C GIDS, Inc. (the “Plan Administrator”). Participation in the distribution reinvestment plan will begin with the next distribution payable after acceptance of a Participating Limited Partner’s subscription, enrollment or authorization. Units will be purchased under the distribution reinvestment plan as of the first calendar day of the month following the record date of the distribution.
If a Participating Limited Partner seeks to terminate its participation in the distribution reinvestment plan, notice of termination must be received by the Plan Administrator five Business Days in advance of the first calendar day of the next month in order for such Participating Limited Partner’s termination to be effective for such month. A “Business Day” is any day on which securities markets in the United States are open. Any transfer of Units by a Participating Limited Partner to a non-Participating Limited Partner will terminate participation in the distribution reinvestment plan with respect to the transferred Units. If a Participating Limited Partner elects to have its Units repurchased in full, any Units issued to the Participating Limited Partner under the distribution reinvestment plan subsequent to the expiration of the repurchase offer will be considered part of the Participating Limited Partner’s prior tender, and the Participating Limited Partner’s participation in the distribution reinvestment plan will be terminated as of the last calendar day of each month (the “Valuation Date”) of the applicable repurchase offer. Any distributions to be paid to such Limited Partner on or after such date will be paid in cash on the scheduled distribution payment date.
Non-Participating Limited Partners will receive any distributions the Fund declares in cash. There will be no upfront selling commissions, placement fees, subscription fees or similar fees (“Subscription Fees”) charged to Participating Limited Partners for Units received pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan. Certain Classes of Units received pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan will be subject to any applicable Servicing Fees. The Fund will pay the Plan Administrator fees under the distribution reinvestment plan. If a Limited Partner’s Units are held by a broker or other financial intermediary, such Limited Partner may change their election by notifying their broker or other financial intermediary of their election.
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The purchase price for Units purchased under the Fund’s distribution reinvestment plan will be equal to the most recent available NAV per share for such Units at the time the distribution is payable.
Repurchase Program
The Fund has been established, and is expected to continue, for an indefinite period of time. As part of the Fund’s indefinite term structure, investors may request the repurchase of their Units on a quarterly basis (as further discussed below). The Fund does not expect to list on any stock exchange, but it will implement a Repurchase Program in which it expects to periodically offer to repurchase up to 3% of Units outstanding (by aggregate NAV) as of the close of the previous calendar quarter. Repurchase offers are expected to commence the first full quarter following the Initial Closing. The General Partner may suspend or modify the Repurchase Program if in its reasonable judgment it deems such action to be in the Fund’s best interest or the best interest of Limited Partners, including, but not limited to, for regulatory or structuring reasons or as necessary to ensure that the Fund is not subject to tax as a corporation; provided that any such suspension or material modification requires approval of the Independent Directors. As a result, Unit repurchases may not be available each quarter as a result of certain circumstances, including, e.g., when a repurchase offer would have an undue burden on the Fund’s liquidity, adversely affect its operations or risk having an adverse impact on the Fund that would outweigh the benefit of the repurchase offer. The Fund intends to conduct such repurchase offers in accordance with the requirements of Rule 13e-4 under the Exchange Act, but may also determine to conduct the Repurchase Program pursuant to applicable guidance or relief from the staff of the SEC.
Under the Repurchase Program, to the extent the Fund offers to repurchase Units in any particular quarter, the General Partner expects the Fund to repurchase Units pursuant to quarterly repurchase offers using a purchase price equal to the NAV per Unit as of a date specified in the repurchase offer. The Fund expects that settlements of repurchases will be made promptly after the termination of the repurchase offer and may be made in the form of a short-term promissory note.
In the event that the General Partner determines that the Fund will repurchase some but not all of the Units submitted for repurchase during any quarter, Units will be repurchased on a pro rata basis based off the number of Units submitted for repurchase after the Fund has repurchased all Units for which repurchase has been requested due to death, qualifying disability, divorce and other limited exceptions. Unsatisfied Repurchase Requests will not be automatically carried over to the next repurchase period and, in order for a Repurchase Request to be reconsidered, Limited Partners must resubmit their requests in the next quarterly repurchase offer, or upon the recommencement of the Repurchase Program, as applicable. The Fund will have no obligation to repurchase Units, including if the repurchase would violate the restrictions on distributions under any applicable law or regulation. The limitations and restrictions described above may prevent the Fund from accommodating all Repurchase Requests made in any quarter. Any exchange of a Class of Units for an equivalent aggregate NAV of another Class of Units will not be subject to, and will not be treated as repurchases for the calculation of, the 3% quarterly calculation on repurchases and will not be subject to the Early Repurchase Deduction (as defined below). For the avoidance of doubt, if a Limited Partner’s repurchase request is pro-rated in a quarterly repurchase offer, the Limited Partner will remain in the distribution reinvestment plan unless such Limited Partner has “opted out” of the distribution reinvestment plan as described in “Distribution Reinvestment Plan” below.
Any Repurchase Request in respect of Investor Units that have not been outstanding for at least two years will be subject to an early repurchase deduction equal to 5% of the value of the applicable NAV of the Units being repurchased (the “Early Repurchase Deduction”) for the benefit of the Fund and therefore, indirectly, the Limited Partners. The two-year holding period is measured as of the first calendar day of each month immediately following the prospective Repurchase Date.
The General Partner may, from time to time, waive the Early Repurchase Deduction in its sole discretion, including without limitation in the case of repurchases resulting from death, qualifying disability, divorce, the rebalancing of a model portfolio sponsored by a financial intermediary, or trade or operational errors. Units received through the distribution reinvestment plan will not be subject to the Early Repurchase Deduction. In addition, Units may be sold to certain Parallel Investment Entities or feeder funds primarily created for non-U.S.
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investors. For such Parallel Investment Entities, feeder funds and other similar arrangements in certain markets, the Fund will not apply the Early Repurchase Deduction to the Parallel Investment Entities, feeder funds or their underlying investors, often because of administrative or systems limitations.
All questions as to the applicability of the Early Repurchase Deduction to specific facts and the validity, form, eligibility (including time of receipt of required documents) of a qualification for an exemption from the Early Repurchase Deduction will be determined by the General Partner, in its sole discretion, and its determination shall be final and binding.
Employees
The Fund does not currently have any employees and do not expect to have any employees. Services necessary for the Fund’s business are provided by individuals who are employees of the General Partner, the Management Company or their affiliates pursuant to the terms of the Management Agreement and the Partnership Agreements. See “Item 1. Business—Management Agreement” and “—The General Partner and the Board of Directors.”
The Private Offering
The Fund expects to conduct a continuous private offering of Units in reliance on exemptions from the registration requirements of the 1933 Act to investors that are both (i) accredited investors (as defined in Regulation D under the 1933 Act) and (ii) qualified purchasers (as defined in the 1940 Act and rules thereunder). Subscriptions for Units may be made on an ongoing basis but will only be accepted as of the Subscription Date, unless the General Partner determines otherwise. For the avoidance of doubt, this Registration Statement does not constitute an offer, and an offering may only be made by the Fund’s private placement memorandum.
The Registrant offers seven Classes of Units to investors.  Below is a comparison of certain key differences among the Units. 

Class SClass R-S*Class DClass R-D*Class IClass R-I*Class F
Upfront Subscription Fee
Up to 3.5%
Up to 1.5%
None
None
Servicing Fee
(per annum, payable to financial intermediaries)
0.85%
0.25%
None
None
Management Fee (per annum)*
1.25%
1.00%*
1.25%
1.00%*
1.25%
1.00%*
None
Performance Participation Allocation
12.5% of Total Return subject to a 5% annual Hurdle Amount and a High Water Mark with a 100% Catch-Up
12.5% of Total Return subject to a 5% annual Hurdle Amount and a High Water Mark with a 100% Catch-Up
12.5% of Total Return subject to a 5% annual Hurdle Amount and a High Water Mark with a 100% Catch-Up
None
Maintenance Fee (per annum)
0.10%
0.10%
0.10%
0.10%
* For the 36-month period following the six-month anniversary of the Initial Closing; 1.25% per annum thereafter.
Reporting Obligations
The Registrant will file its annual reports containing audited financial statements, quarterly reports, and such other periodic reports as it determines to be appropriate or as may be required by law. The Registrant is filing this Registration Statement with the SEC under the Exchange Act to provide current public information to the
15

investment community in anticipation of being required to register under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act in the future, to comply with applicable requirements thereunder.
The Registrant intends to make available on its website, when available, its annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and its current reports on Form 8-K. The SEC also maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains such information. The Registrant’s website will contain additional information about its business, but the contents of the website are not incorporated by reference in or otherwise a part of this Registration Statement. From time to time, the Registrant may use its website as a distribution channel for material company information. Financial and other important information regarding the Registrant will be routinely accessible through and posted on its website.
Certain U.S. Tax Considerations
The discussion of tax matters set forth in this Registration Statement was not intended to be used, and cannot be used by any prospective investor, for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed. Each prospective investor should seek advice based on its particular circumstances from an independent tax advisor.
This summary discusses certain U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to an investment in T-POP. This discussion is based on provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), on the regulations promulgated thereunder and on published administrative rulings and judicial decisions now in effect, all of which are subject to change or different interpretation, possibly with retroactive effect. This discussion is necessarily general and may not apply to all categories of investors, some of which, such as banks, thrifts, insurance companies, dealers and other investors that do not own their Units as capital assets and investors required to accelerate the recognition of any item of gross income with respect to the Fund or its investments as a result of such income being recognized on an applicable financial statement, may be subject to special rules. Tax-exempt organizations and Non-U.S. Limited Partners (as defined below) are discussed separately below. The actual tax consequences of the purchase and ownership of Units in T-POP will vary depending upon the investor’s circumstances.
For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Person” or a “U.S. Limited Partner” is an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a corporation or an entity treated as a corporation for such purposes that is created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia, an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or a trust if (1) it is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more U.S. Persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (2) it has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. Person. A “Non-U.S. Person” is a person that is not a U.S. Person, and a “Non-U.S. Limited Partner” is a Limited Partner (other than a partnership) that is not a U.S. Person. Feeder TE will be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and will invest in the Registrant indirectly through one or more U.S. and non-U.S. Corporations. An investment in Feeder TE by a Limited Partner is not expected give rise to either income that is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes (“ECI”) or UBTI.
If a partnership (or an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds Units, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner in the partnership and the activities of the partnership. Partners of a partnership holding Units in T-POP should consult their own tax advisors. This discussion does not constitute tax advice and is not intended to substitute for tax planning.
EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IS URGED TO CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR WITH RESPECT TO THE FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND FOREIGN INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PURCHASE AND OWNERSHIP OF INTERESTS IN T-POP.
Partnership Status. Subject to the discussion of “publicly traded partnerships” set forth below, a U.S. business entity (such as the Registrant and Feeder TE) that has two or more members and that is not organized as a
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corporation under federal or state law will generally be classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The classification of an entity as a partnership for such purposes may not be respected for state or local tax purposes.
An entity that would otherwise be classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes may nonetheless be taxable as a corporation if it is a “publicly traded partnership.” An exception, referred to as the “Qualifying Income Exception,” exists with respect to a publicly traded partnership if (i) at least 90% of such partnership’s gross income for every taxable year consists of “qualifying income” and (ii) the partnership would not be required to register under the 1940 Act if it were a U.S. corporation. Qualifying income includes certain interest income, dividends, real property rents, gains from the sale or other disposition of real property, and any gain from the sale or disposition of a capital asset or other property held for the production of income that otherwise constitutes qualifying income.
The General Partner intends to manage the affairs of the Registrant and Feeder TE so that the Registrant will either not be treated as a “publicly traded partnership” or meet the Qualifying Income Exception in each taxable year. However, the portion of the Registrant’s and Feeder TE’s income that is qualifying income may change from time to time, and there can be no assurance that at least 90% of the Registrant’s or Feeder TE’s gross income in any year will constitute qualifying income. No ruling has been or will be sought from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), and the IRS has made no determination as to the Registrant’s or Feeder TE’s status for U.S. federal income tax purposes or whether the Fund’s or the operating subsidiary’s operations generate “qualifying income” under Section 7704 of the Code.
If the Registrant or Feeder TE were to be recharacterized as a corporation for federal income tax purposes either because less than 90% of the Registrant’s or Feeder TE’s gross income for any taxable year consists of “qualifying income” or because the Registrant or Feeder TE were required to register under the 1940 Act, the Registrant or Feeder TE would be treated as if it had transferred all of its assets, subject to liabilities, to a newly formed corporation in return for stock in such corporation, and then distributed the stock to shareholders in liquidation. This deemed contribution and liquidation could result in the recognition of gain (but not loss) to U.S. Limited Partners. If, at the time of such deemed contribution, the Registrant or Feeder TE were to have liabilities in excess of the tax basis of its assets, U.S. Limited Partners generally would recognize gain in respect of such excess liabilities upon the deemed transfer. Thereafter, the Registrant or Feeder TE would be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
In addition, if the Registrant or Feeder TE were treated as a corporation in any taxable year, the Registrant’s or Feeder TE’s items of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit would be reflected only on the Fund’s tax return rather than being passed through to shareholders, and the Registrant or Feeder TE would be subject to U.S. corporate income tax. Distributions made to U.S. Limited Partners would be treated as taxable dividend income to the extent of the Registrant’s or Feeder TE’s current or accumulated earnings and profits. Any distribution in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits would first be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of a U.S. Limited Partner’s adjusted tax basis in its Units. Thereafter, to the extent such distribution was to exceed a U.S. Limited Partner’s adjusted tax basis in its Units, the distribution would be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of such Units. The amount of a distribution treated as a dividend could be eligible for reduced rates of taxation, provided certain conditions are met.
The remainder of this summary assumes that the Registrant and Feeder TE will be treated as flow-through entities for U.S. federal tax purposes.
Taxation of U.S. Limited Partners
Each U.S. Limited Partner will be required to take into account, as described below, its distributive share of each item of the Fund’s income, gain, loss, deduction and credit for each taxable year of the Fund ending with or within the U.S. Limited Partner’s taxable year. See “Item 1. Business—Certain U.S. Tax ConsiderationsAllocations of Income, Gain, Loss and Deduction” below. Generally, each item will have the same character and the same source (either U.S. or foreign), as though the U.S. Limited Partner realized the item directly. U.S. Limited
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Partners must report those items regardless of the extent to which, or whether, they receive cash distributions from the Fund for such taxable year. Moreover, the Fund may invest (directly or indirectly) in certain securities, such as original issue discount obligations or preferred stock with repurchase or repayment premiums, or in stock of certain types of foreign corporations, such as a “controlled foreign corporation” or “passive foreign investment company” (each as defined below), that could cause the Fund, and consequently, the U.S. Limited Partners, to recognize taxable income without receiving any cash. Thus, taxable income allocated to a U.S. Limited Partner may exceed cash distributions, if any, made to such Limited Partner, and no assurance can be given that the Fund will be able to make cash distributions to cover such tax liabilities as they arise, in which case such Limited Partner would have to satisfy tax liabilities arising from any investment in the Fund from a Limited Partner’s own funds. Accordingly, the Limited Partners should ensure that they have sufficient cash flow from other sources to pay all tax liabilities resulting from the Limited Partner’s ownership of Units in the Fund. Investment in a “passive foreign investment company” could also, in the absence of a specific election, cause a U.S. Limited Partner to pay an interest charge on taxable income that is treated as having been deferred. If the Fund’s preparation of its return is delayed, it may be advisable for Limited Partners to request extensions for filing their own income tax returns.
With respect to non-corporate Limited Partners, certain dividends paid by a corporation, including certain qualified foreign corporations, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation (subject to holding period and other requirements). A qualified foreign corporation includes a non-U.S. corporation that is eligible for the benefits of specified income tax treaties with the United States. In addition, a non-U.S. corporation is treated as a qualified foreign corporation with respect to dividends received from that corporation on shares that are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Non-corporate Limited Partners will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any dividends if the payor is a “passive foreign investment company” in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year. Prospective Limited Partners should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the foregoing rules to their particular circumstances.
Medicare Tax. U.S. Limited Partners that are individuals, estates or trusts are subject to a Medicare tax of 3.8% on “net investment income” (or undistributed “net investment income,” in the case of estates and trusts) for each taxable year, with such tax applying to the lesser of such income or the excess of such person’s adjusted gross income (with certain adjustments) over a specified amount. Net investment income includes net income from interest, dividends, annuities, royalties, rents and net gain attributable to the disposition of investment property. It is anticipated that net income and gain attributable to an investment in the Fund will be included in a U.S. Limited Partner’s “net investment income” subject to this Medicare tax.
Fund Distributions. Distributions of cash from the Fund to a U.S. Limited Partner in any year will reduce the adjusted basis of the U.S. Limited Partner’s partnership interest by the amount of such cash distribution. To the extent such distributions exceed the adjusted basis of a U.S. Limited Partner’s partnership interest, such U.S. Limited Partner will be treated as having recognized gain from the sale or exchange of such interest. In general, distributions (other than liquidating distributions) of property other than cash will reduce the adjusted basis (but not below zero) of a U.S. Limited Partner’s partnership interest by the amount of the partnership’s adjusted basis in such property immediately before its distribution but will not result in the realization of taxable income to the Limited Partner. For these purposes, a reduction in a U.S. Limited Partner’s share of the Fund’s debt, including when a new Limited Partner is admitted to the Fund, will result in a deemed cash distribution to the Limited Partner in an amount equal to the reduction.
Basis. A U.S. Limited Partner’s adjusted basis in its partnership interest is, in general, equal to the amount of cash the U.S. Limited Partner has contributed to the Fund, increased by the U.S. Limited Partner’s share of income and liabilities of the Fund and decreased by the U.S. Limited Partner’s proportionate share of cash distributions, losses and reductions in such liabilities. Each U.S. Limited Partner will (subject to certain limits discussed below) be entitled to deduct its allocable share of the Fund losses to the extent of its tax basis in its partnership interest at the end of the tax year of the Fund in which such losses are recognized.
Allocations of Income, Gain, Loss and Deduction. Pursuant to the Partnership Agreements, items of the Fund’s income, gain, loss and deduction are allocated so as to take into account the varying interests of the Limited Partners in the Fund. Treasury Regulations provide that allocations of items of partnership income, gain, loss,
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deduction or credit will be respected for tax purposes if such allocations have “substantial economic effect” or are determined to be in accordance with the partners’ interests in a partnership. The Fund believes that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, allocations pursuant to the Partnership Agreements should be given effect, and the General Partner intends to prepare tax information returns based on such allocations. If the IRS were to redetermine the allocations to a particular U.S. Limited Partner, such redetermination could be less favorable than the allocations set forth in the Partnership Agreements.
Limitations on Deductions. While the Fund is not intended as a “tax shelter,” it is possible that losses and expenses could exceed the Fund’s income and gain in a given year. The ability of a Limited Partner to deduct such a net loss from its taxable income from other sources may be subject to a number of limitations under the Code. For example, each U.S. Limited Partner will not be entitled to deduct its share of the Fund’s losses in excess of its tax basis at the end of the tax year of the Fund in which such losses are recognized. Other limitations include the limitation on “tax-exempt use loss” under Section 470 of the Code, and for certain investors, such as individuals, the “at risk” rules of Section 465 of the Code and the limitations on, or for tax years beginning before January 1, 2026, disallowance of, miscellaneous itemized deductions under Section 67 of the Code, limitations on interest deductions under Section 163 of the Code and the limitations on passive activity losses of Section 469 of the Code. Because of some of those limitations, it is possible that, if the Fund has losses and income from different types of activities, certain investors may not be able to use losses from the Fund to reduce income therefrom.
Organization, Management and Syndication Expenses. In general, neither the Fund nor any Limited Partner may deduct organization or syndication expenses. An election may be made by a partnership to amortize organizational expenses over a 180-month period, although T-POP does not intend to make such election. Syndication fees (which would include any sales or placement fees or commissions), however, must be capitalized and cannot be amortized or otherwise deducted. The Management Fees paid to the Management Company (and similar fees paid to the investment advisers of the underlying investment funds in which the Fund holds interests) will generally not be deductible (or if deductible, may be subject to limitations on deductibility) for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026, and may not be deductible for taxable years thereafter.
Limitations on Deduction of Business Interest. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2026, deductions for business interest expense (even if paid to third parties) in excess of the sum of a taxpayer’s business interest income and 30% of the adjusted taxable income of the business, which is its taxable income computed without regard to business interest income or expense, net operating losses, or the pass-through income deduction described above, are disallowed. Business interest includes any interest on indebtedness related to a trade or business, but excludes investment interest, to which separate limitations apply.
Sale or Disposition of T-POP Units. A U.S. Limited Partner that sells or otherwise disposes of an interest in the Fund in a taxable transaction generally will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference, if any, between the adjusted basis of the interest and the amount realized from the sale or disposition. The amount realized will include the Limited Partner’s share of the Fund’s liabilities outstanding at the time of the sale or disposition. If the Limited Partner holds the interest as a capital asset, such gain or loss will generally be treated as capital gain or loss to the extent a sale of assets by the Fund would qualify for such treatment and will generally be long-term capital gain or loss if the Limited Partner had held the interest for more than one year on the date of such sale or disposition, provided, that a capital contribution by the Limited Partner within the one-year period ending on such date will generally cause part of such gain or loss to be short-term. In addition, if the capital contribution of a new Limited Partner is distributed to the Limited Partners (other than such new Limited Partner), for U.S. federal income tax purposes such distributions may be treated as a taxable sale of a portion of their interests by Limited Partners receiving such distributions. The Code provides for an election whereby the Fund could adjust the basis of its property upon distributions of partnership property to a Limited Partner and upon transfers of the interests (including by reason of death). The General Partner has the discretion to determine whether or not to implement such election.
In the event of a sale or other transfer of an interest at any time other than the end of the Fund’s taxable year, the share of income and losses of the Fund for the year of transfer attributable to the interest transferred will be allocated for U.S. federal income tax purposes between the transferor and the transferee on an interim closing-of-
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the-books basis, pro rata basis, or other reasonable method determined by the General Partner reflecting the respective periods during such year that each of the transferor and the transferee owned the interest.
Foreign Tax Credit Limitations. U.S. Limited Partners may be entitled to a foreign tax credit with respect to creditable foreign taxes paid on the income and gains of the Fund (or from such Limited Partner’s share of income and gains of an investment fund in which the Fund holds interests). Complex rules may, however, depending on each U.S. Limited Partner’s circumstances, limit the availability or use of foreign tax credits. In particular, gain recognized on the sale of a non-U.S. investment will generally be treated as U.S. source gain with respect to a U.S. Limited Partner for foreign tax credit purposes and therefore a U.S. Limited Partner may not be able to claim a credit for any foreign taxes imposed upon such sale unless such credit can be applied against tax due on other income treated as derived from foreign sources. Further, U.S. Limited Partners will generally not be entitled to an indirect foreign tax credit with respect to foreign taxes paid by an entity in which the Fund invests that is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Capital gains realized by the Fund may be considered to be from sources within the U.S., which may effectively limit the amount of foreign tax credit allowed to the U.S. Limited Partner. Certain losses arising from the Fund may be treated as foreign source losses, which could reduce the amount of foreign tax credits otherwise available.
Non-U.S. Currency Gain or Loss. The Fund may engage in transactions involving non-U.S. currencies, including non-U.S. currency hedging transactions, and the Fund and the U.S. Limited Partners may experience foreign currency gain or loss with respect to the Fund’s investments. In general, subject to certain exceptions, non-U.S. currency gain or loss is treated as ordinary income or loss. U.S. Limited Partners should consult with their individual tax advisors with respect to the tax treatment of non-U.S. currency gain or loss.
Issues Relating to Foreign Corporations. U.S. Limited Partners may be subject to special rules applicable to indirect investments in foreign corporations, including those discussed below.
Controlled Foreign Corporations. If a U.S. Person, including any U.S. Limited Partner, owns actually or constructively at least 10% of the voting stock or value of a foreign corporation, such U.S. Person is considered a “United States Shareholder” with respect to the foreign corporation. If United States Shareholders in the aggregate own more than 50% of the voting power or value of the stock of such corporation, the foreign corporation will be classified as a “controlled foreign corporation” (a “CFC”). For this purpose, each non-U.S. investment fund in which the Fund invests generally will be regarded as transparent, and the Fund will be deemed to own its proportionate share of any stock of a non-U.S. corporation that is owned directly or indirectly by such non-U.S. investment fund. If the Fund or a U.S. investment fund in which the Fund invests, as the case may be, owns an interest in a non-U.S. corporation, the Fund or such U.S. investment fund, as the case may be, will be treated as a United States Shareholder of any non-U.S. corporation in which its share ownership reaches this 10% threshold. If the corporation qualifies as a CFC at any time during the taxable year, the United States Shareholders of the CFC may be subject to current U.S. tax on certain types of income of the foreign corporation (e.g., dividends, interest, certain rents and royalties, gain from the sale of property producing such income, certain income from sales and services and certain low-taxed foreign income), regardless of cash distributions from the CFC. In addition, gain on the sale of the CFC’s stock by a United States Shareholder (during the period that the corporation is a CFC and thereafter for a five-year period) would be classified in whole or in part as a dividend. It is possible that one or more of the foreign corporations in which the Fund invests (directly or indirectly) may be classified as CFCs and that the Fund or an investment fund in which the Fund invests may be treated as a United States Shareholder. Regulations would allow U.S. Persons to look through the Fund for purposes of determining any current inclusions under the CFC rules, but would still require a portion of gain on sale to be classified in whole or in part as dividend income.
Passive Foreign Investment Companies. U.S. tax law contains special provisions dealing with “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”). A PFIC is defined as any foreign corporation in which either (i) 75% or more of its gross income for the taxable year is “passive income” or (ii) 50% or more of its assets (by value) produce “passive income.” There are no minimum stock ownership requirements for PFICs. Once a corporation qualifies as a PFIC with respect to a U.S. shareholder, it is, subject to certain exceptions, always treated as a PFIC with respect to such shareholder, regardless of whether it satisfies either of the qualification tests in subsequent years. If the Fund were to invest in a PFIC, any gain on disposition of stock of the PFIC as well as income realized on certain
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“excess distributions” by the PFIC, would be treated as though realized ratably over the shorter of a U.S. Limited Partner’s holding period of its Units or the Fund’s holding period for the PFIC. Such gain or income would be taxed as ordinary income. In addition, an interest charge would be imposed on the U.S. Limited Partner based on the tax treated as deferred from prior years. If the Fund were to invest in a PFIC and the Fund elected to treat its interest in the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (a “QEF”) under the Code, in lieu of the foregoing treatment, such U.S. Limited Partner would be required to include in income each year a portion of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified fund, even if not distributed to the Fund or the Limited Partners. In order to make such election, the PFIC must, among other things, supply the IRS with an information statement. If a non-U.S. portfolio entity is indirectly held by the Fund through its ownership in a U.S. investment fund in which the Fund holds interests, that U.S. investment fund (and not the Fund) must make a QEF election in order for the Fund’s U.S. Limited Partners to be subject to the tax treatment described immediately above. Recently proposed U.S. Treasury Regulations would require that a U.S. Limited Partner, rather than the Fund, make the QEF election. These proposed regulations would generally apply prospectively to taxable years beginning on or after the date the proposed regulations are finalized, and any pre-existing QEF election made by the Fund (or any U.S. alternative investment vehicle treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) prior to that date would continue for any U.S. Limited Partner that owns an interest in a PFIC through the Fund on the date the proposed regulations are finalized. Alternatively, an election may be made in the case of certain “marketable stock” to “mark to market” the stock of a PFIC on an annual basis. Pursuant to such an election, a U.S. Limited Partner would include in income each year as ordinary income the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the stock at the end of the taxable year over the Fund’s adjusted basis and will be permitted an ordinary loss deduction in respect of the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the stock over its fair market value at the end of the taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the election). There can be no assurance that a company in which the Fund or an investment fund in which the Fund holds interests invests will not qualify as a PFIC, that a PFIC in which the Fund or an investment fund in which the Fund holds interests does invest will provide the information necessary for a QEF election to be made or that stock of a PFIC will qualify as “marketable stock.” The Fund will generally seek to avoid investing directly in PFICs in order to streamline tax reporting to investors and may instead hold such entities through U.S. Corporations.
Certain Reporting Requirements. U.S. Limited Partners may be subject to substantial penalties if they fail to comply with special information reporting requirements with respect to their investments in the Registrant or Feeder TE. In addition, U.S. Persons that own stock in foreign corporations, including CFCs and PFICs, are subject to special reporting requirements under the Code.
Taxpayers engaging in certain transactions, including certain loss transactions above a threshold, may be required to include tax shelter disclosure information with their annual U.S. federal income tax return. It is possible that the Registrant or Feeder TE may engage in transactions that subject the Registrant or Feeder TE and potentially its Limited Partners to such disclosure. A Limited Partner disposing of an interest in the Registrant or Feeder TE at a taxable loss may also be subject to such disclosure.
U.S. individuals (and possibly certain entities) must file certain information with their annual U.S. federal income tax return regarding interests they hold in foreign entities or accounts worth more than $50,000 at any time during the year. If the General Partner were to offer a structure where U.S. Limited Partners own their investment in T-POP through a non-U.S. entity, it is possible any such U.S. Limited Partners would be subject to such information reporting. In addition, a separate obligation to file an annual Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (an “FBAR”) applies to any U.S. Person who has a financial interest in, or signature or other authority over, non-U.S. financial accounts worth more than $10,000 at any time during the year. The FBAR regulations continue to reserve on the application of the FBAR rules to ownership by a U.S. Person of an interest in a foreign private fund entity. Depending on the nature of future guidance, if the General Partner were to offer a structure where U.S. Limited Partners own their investment in T-POP through a non-U.S. entity, it is possible any such U.S. Limited Partners would also be subject to the FBAR filing requirements. Potential investors should discuss the application of the above rules with their own advisers in light of their individual circumstances.
Prospective U.S. Limited Partners should consult their own tax advisors regarding the above reporting requirements.
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Tax-Exempt Investors. Qualified pension, profit-sharing and stock bonus plans, educational institutions and other tax-exempt entities (including private foundations as discussed below) are generally subject to U.S. federal income taxation on their “unrelated business taxable income” (“UBTI”). Subject to certain exceptions described below, UBTI is defined as the gross income derived by such a tax-exempt entity from an unrelated trade or business (including a trade or business conducted by a partnership of which the tax-exempt entity is a partner), less the deductions directly connected with that trade or business. UBTI generally does not include dividends, interest, certain types of rents from real property and gain or loss derived from the sale of property (other than gain or loss derived from the sale of inventory and property sold to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business). UBTI does include operating income from certain asset categories owned directly or through entities treated as transparent for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, fee income actually received or deemed to be received by the Registrant or the Limited Partners (including any fee income that might be deemed to be received because, although paid to the Management Company, or its affiliates, such amount equal to the fees results in a reduction in the Management Fee) may be treated as UBTI in certain circumstances. The Fund intends to take the position that Limited Partners do not share in fee income by virtue of such a reduction in Management Fee. The IRS may take a contrary view, however. If that view were ultimately sustained, U.S. tax-exempt Limited Partners could be required to pay U.S. federal income tax on that income as UBTI.
If a tax-exempt entity’s acquisition of an interest in a partnership is debt-financed, or a partnership incurs “acquisition indebtedness” that is allocated to the acquisition of a partnership investment, then UBTI may include a percentage of gross income (less the same percentage of deductions) derived from such investment regardless of whether such income would otherwise be excluded as dividends, interest, rents, gain or loss from sale of eligible property, or similar income. The Registrant expects to incur debt either directly or through the investment funds in which the Registrant invests, which could generate UBTI for U.S. tax-exempt Limited Partners (given that generally debt incurred by a partnership is attributed to its partners). In addition, the Registrant or the entities through which it invests may earn operating income that would be UBTI if earned by a U.S. tax-exempt Limited Partner directly. Due to the anticipated operations of the Registrant, it is possible that the Registrant will incur income treated as UBTI. Each tax-exempt investor is urged to consult with its own tax counsel as to the U.S. federal income tax consequences as a result of incurring UBTI.
In order to mitigate the incurrence of UBTI for U.S. tax-exempt investors (and ECI for Non-U.S. Limited Partners), the General Partner has formed Feeder TE (Units of which are being offered through this Registration Statement), which will be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and will invest in the Registrant indirectly through one or more U.S. and non-U.S. Corporations. U.S. tax-exempt investors (and Non-U.S. Limited Partners) are generally expected to participate in the Registrant through Feeder TE. Investors that invest through Feeder TE will generally derive returns from such investments in the form of dividends or capital gain, which are generally excluded from UBTI so long as such investors’ acquisition of interests in Feeder TE is not debt-financed. Moreover, debt incurred by the Registrant would generally be allocated to the Corporation through which Feeder TE invests in the Registrant and not to its owners. Although it is possible that the IRS could seek to disregard Feeder TE or any Corporation through which it invests in the Registrant and apply the debt-financed property or other UBTI rules to tax-exempt investors, the Fund believes such treatment should not apply. A tax-exempt investor is not expected to incur UBTI solely by reason of an investment in Feeder TE.
A non-U.S. Corporation through which Feeder TE invests will generally be subject to the U.S. federal income tax treatment described below under “Taxation of Non-U.S. Limited Partners.” Thus, gains from the sale of stock or securities generally are not subject to U.S. federal income tax and the exemption of interest income under the portfolio interest rules would apply to a non-U.S. Corporation to the extent so described below. However, dividends and effectively connected income (including gains from the sale of United States real property interest) are subject to U.S. federal income tax. Significant amounts of the assets of Feeder TE are expected to be held through one or more Corporations and significant incremental tax may be incurred from the use of such Corporations.
If a U.S. tax-exempt Limited Partner is not otherwise taxable under the UBTI provisions with respect to its Units in Feeder TE (for example, as debt-financed income), it would not generally be subject to tax under the PFIC
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rules or the CFC rules. U.S. tax-exempt Limited Partners should consult their own tax advisors as to the application of the above rules to their particular situations.
Certain Issues Pertaining to Private Foundations. In some instances, an investment in the Fund by a private foundation could be subject to an excise tax to the extent that it constitutes an “excess business holding” within the meaning of the Code. For example, if a private foundation (either directly or after taking into account the holdings of its disqualified persons) acquires more than 20% of the profits interest of the Fund (or 35%, if the private foundation does not directly or indirectly “control” the Fund), the private foundation may be considered to have an excess business holding unless at least 95% of the Fund’s gross income is from passive sources within the meaning of Section 4943(d)(3)(B) of the Code and the private foundation does not own, through the Fund, an excess amount of the voting stock or equivalent in any business enterprise owned by the Fund.
Additionally, if a private foundation generates a substantial amount of UBTI, it may risk losing its tax-exempt status. Private foundations should consult their own tax advisors regarding the excess business holdings provisions and all other aspects of Chapter 42 of the Code as they relate to an investment in the Fund, including the level of UBTI that a private foundation may generate as a result of an investment in the Fund. Private foundations should consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.
Certain tax-exempt investors may be subject to an excise tax if the Fund engages in a “prohibited tax shelter transaction” or a “subsequently listed transaction” within the meaning of Section 4965 of the Code. In addition, if the Fund engages in a “prohibited tax shelter transaction,” tax-exempt investors may be subject to substantial penalties if they fail to comply with special disclosure requirements and managers of such tax-exempt investors may also be subject to substantial penalties. Although the Fund does not expect to engage in any such transaction, the rules are subject to interpretation and therefore there can be no assurance that the rules of Section 4965 of the Code will not apply to a tax-exempt Limited Partner. Tax-exempt Limited Partners should consult their own tax advisors regarding these rules.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Limited Partners
General. Investments made by the Fund in the United States may constitute a U.S. trade or business. In general, in that event, Non-U.S. Limited Partners would themselves be considered engaged in a trade or business in the United States through a permanent establishment. Thus, Non-U.S. Limited Partners that invest in the Registrant directly or through an entity that is transparent for U.S. federal income tax purposes should be aware that the Registrant’s income and gain from (as well as gain on the sale of Units in the Registrant that is attributable to) U.S. Investments may be treated as effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business through a permanent establishment and thus be subject to U.S. federal income tax (and possibly state and local income tax), even though such investor has no other contact with the United States. In addition, it is likely that one or more investment funds that the Registrant holds interests in are engaged in a U.S. trade or business. Any U.S. trade or business income allocated to the Registrant by such investment funds will be allocated to the Limited Partners.
To the extent the Registrant or an investment fund the Registrant holds interests in is engaged in a U.S. trade or business for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Registrant would be required to withhold and pay over to the U.S. tax authorities a percentage equal to the highest applicable U.S. tax rate of each Non-U.S. Limited Partner’s distributive share of the Registrant’s income that is effectively connected with such trade or business, and each Non-U.S. Limited Partner would be required to file U.S. tax returns and pay U.S. tax on its share of the Registrant’s net effectively connected income. In such a case, all or a portion of the gain on the disposition (including by repurchase) by a Non-U.S. Limited Partner of its interests may be taxed as effectively connected income to the extent such gain is attributable to assets of the Registrant that generate effectively connected income. Furthermore, the transferee of an interest in a partnership engaged in a U.S. trade or business may also be required to withhold up to 10% of the amount realized (and the partnership would be required to withhold from future distributions to the transferee if the transferee fails to properly withhold). In addition, a Limited Partner which is a non-U.S. corporation may also be subject to an additional branch profits tax of 30% on its share of the Registrant’s effectively connected earnings and profits, adjusted as provided by law (subject to reduction by any applicable tax treaty).
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Further, it is possible that the Registrant will recognize gain from the sale of a United States real property interest. Regardless of whether the Registrant’s activities constitute a trade or business giving rise to U.S. “effectively connected” income, under provisions added to the Code by the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (“FIRPTA”), Non-U.S. Limited Partners (other than certain qualified foreign pension funds and entities wholly owned by qualified foreign pension funds) are taxed on the gain derived from the dispositions of U.S. real property interests (including gain allocated to a Non-U.S. Limited Partner upon a sale of such property interests by the Registrant). A U.S. real property interest includes an interest in a U.S. real property holding corporation. Under FIRPTA, Non-U.S. Limited Partners treat gain or loss from dispositions of U.S. real property interests as if the gain or loss were “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business and, therefore, are required to pay U.S. taxes at regular U.S. rates on such gain or loss. As a result, Non-U.S. Limited Partners that receive income allocations from the sale of a U.S. real property interest may be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return and may be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular U.S. rates on a sale, exchange, or other disposition of such U.S. real property interest. Generally, with respect to gain attributable to the Registrant’s sale of a U.S. real property interest that is allocated to a Non-U.S. Limited Partner, the Registrant will be required to withhold at the highest rate of income tax applicable to each Non-U.S. Limited Partner based on the status of such Non-U.S. Limited Partner. Also, such gain may be subject to a 30% branch profits tax (as discussed above).
Each non-U.S. Limited Partner is expected to participate in the Registrant through Feeder TE, as defined above. Such Feeder will invest in the Registrant indirectly through one or more Corporations, which will be subject to corporate income tax and branch profits tax on ECI, and dividend withholding on non-ECI, as applicable. Significant amounts of the assets of Feeder TE are expected to be held through one or more Corporations and significant incremental tax may be incurred from the use of such Corporations, including any income that is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business (including the sale of a U.S. real property interest) that is allocated to a non-U.S. Corporation through which Feeder TE invests. Consequently, an investment through Feeder TE may not reduce the U.S. federal income tax liability associated with an investment in the Registrant but it is expected to reduce the administrative burdens associated with filing U.S. tax returns with respect to such an investment. In general, neither such Non-U.S. Corporation nor the Non-U.S. Limited Partners who are not themselves engaged in a U.S. trade or business (or deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business through an investment fund in which the Fund holds interests) will be subject to any U.S. tax with respect to gains from the sale of stock or debt securities held for investment, provided that such gains are not effectively connected to the conduct of a U.S. trade or business by the Fund. However, a non-resident individual present in the U.S. for 183 or more days in the taxable year of the sale, calculated by taking account a portion of the days such individual was present in the United States in the preceding two years, would be taxed by the U.S. on any such gain if either (a) such individual’s tax home for U.S. federal income tax purposes is in the U.S., or (b) the gain is attributable to an office or other fixed place of business maintained in the U.S. by such individual. In addition, special rules would apply to dispositions of “United States real property interests” which include stock in a U.S. corporation 50% or more of the assets of which consist of U.S. real property. Special rules may also apply in the case of non-U.S. investors: (i) that have an office or fixed place of business in the U.S.; or (ii) that are former citizens of the U.S., CFCs, PFICs and corporations which accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax. Such persons are urged to consult their U.S. tax advisors before investing in the Fund.
Other Matters
Indemnity; Reserves. Each Limited Partner will be required to indemnify T-POP for any withholding or other tax obligations imposed on T-POP with respect to such Limited Partner. T-POP may reserve certain amounts otherwise distributable to Limited Partners in light of such potential obligations. The amount of any taxes paid by T-POP or entities in which T-POP holds a direct or indirect interest and amounts withheld for taxes will be treated as distributions to such Partner to the extent determined by the General Partner to be appropriate.
Partnership Representative. The General Partner will act as or appoint the “partnership representative” of the Registrant and Feeder TE, with the authority, subject to certain restrictions, to act on behalf of the Registrant and Feeder TE in connection with any administrative or judicial review of items of T-POP’s income, gain, loss, deduction or credit of the Registrant and Feeder TE, as applicable.
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U.S. federal income tax audits of partnerships are conducted at the partnership level, and, unless a partnership qualifies for and affirmatively elects an alternative procedure, any adjustments to the amount of tax due (including interest and penalties) will be payable by the partnership. Under such alternative procedure, if elected, a partnership would issue information returns to persons who were partners in the audited year, who would then be required to take the adjustments into account in calculating their own tax liability, and the partnership would not be liable for the adjustments. If the Registrant or Feeder TE is able to and in fact elects this alternative procedure for a given adjustment, the amount of taxes for which such persons will be liable will be increased by any applicable penalties and a special interest charge.
There can be no assurance that the Registrant or Feeder TE will be eligible to make such an election or that it will, in fact, make such an election for any given adjustment. If the Registrant or Feeder TE does not or is not able to make such an election, then (1) the then-current Limited Partners, in the aggregate, could indirectly bear income tax liabilities in excess of the aggregate amount of taxes that would have been due had the Registrant or Feeder TE elected the alternative procedure, and (2) a given Limited Partner may indirectly bear taxes attributable to income allocable to other Limited Partners or former Limited Partners, including taxes (as well as interest and penalties) with respect to periods prior to such Limited Partner’s ownership of interests in the Registrant or Feeder TE. Accordingly, it is possible that a Limited Partner will bear tax liabilities unrelated to its ownership of interests in the Registrant or Feeder TE. Amounts available for distribution to the Limited Partners may be reduced as a result of T-POP’s obligations to pay any taxes associated with an adjustment.
The partnership representative of the Registrant or Feeder TE will be the only person with the authority to act on behalf T-POP with respect to audits and certain other tax matters and may decide not to elect (or may be unable to elect) the alternative procedure for any particular adjustment. In addition, the Registrant, Feeder TE and each Limited Partner will be bound by the actions taken by the partnership representative on behalf of the Registrant or Feeder TE, as applicable during any audit or litigation proceeding concerning U.S. federal income taxes.
Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding all aspects of these rules as they affect their particular circumstances.
A tax return preparer may not sign a return without itself incurring a penalty unless either in its view each position taken on such return is more likely than not to be sustained if challenged by the IRS or such position is separately disclosed on the return. The Fund may adopt positions that require such disclosure, which may increase the likelihood the IRS will examine T-POP’s tax returns or may forego otherwise valid reporting positions to avoid such disclosure, which may increase the tax payable by a Limited Partner.
Taxes in Other Jurisdictions. In addition to U.S. federal income tax consequences, prospective investors should consider potential U.S. state and local and non-U.S. tax consequences of an investment in T-POP in the state or locality in which they are a resident for tax purposes. A Limited Partner may be subject to tax return filing obligations and income, franchise or other taxes, including withholding taxes, in jurisdictions in which T-POP or the investment funds in which T-POP holds interests operate. Income or gains from investments held by T-POP or investment funds in which T-POP holds interests may be subject to withholding or other taxes in jurisdictions outside the United States, subject to the possibility of reduction under applicable treaties. Limited Partners that wish to claim the benefit of an applicable income tax treaty may be required to submit information to tax authorities in such jurisdictions. Potential investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. state and local and non-U.S. tax consequences of an investment in T-POP.
FATCA. FATCA requires all entities in a broadly defined class of foreign financial institutions (“FFIs”) to comply with a complicated and expansive reporting regime or be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax on certain U.S. payments, and requires non-U.S. entities which are not FFIs to either certify they have no substantial U.S. beneficial ownership or to report certain information with respect to certain U.S. beneficial ownership or be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax on certain U.S. payments. FATCA also contains complex provisions requiring participating FFIs to withhold on certain “foreign passthru payments” made to nonparticipating FFIs and to holders that fail to provide the required information. The definition of a “foreign passthru payment” is still reserved under current regulations; however, the term generally refers to payments that are from non-U.S. sources but that are
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“attributable to” certain U.S. payments. Withholding on these payments is not set to apply until two years after the publication of final regulations defining “foreign passthru payment” in the Federal Register. In general, non-U.S. investment funds, such as underlying entities in which T-POP may invest, are expected to be considered FFIs. The reporting obligations imposed under FATCA require FFIs to enter into agreements with the IRS to obtain and disclose information about certain investors to the IRS, or, if subject to an IGA, register with the IRS and comply with the reporting regime of the IGA and any implementing legislation enacted hereunder. IGAs are generally intended to result in the automatic exchange of tax information through reporting by an FFI to the government or tax authorities of the country in which such FFI is domiciled, followed by the automatic exchange of the reported information with the IRS. In the event FFIs are unable to do comply with the preceding reporting requirements, certain payments made to FFIs may be subject to a U.S. withholding tax, which would reduce the cash available to investors in T-POP. These reporting requirements may apply to investors who are FFIs, or to underlying funds in which T-POP invests, and TPG will have no control over whether any underlying fund complies with the reporting regime. Such withheld amounts that are allocable to a Limited Partner may, in accordance with the Partnership Agreements, be deemed to have been distributed to such Limited Partner to the extent the taxes reduce the amount otherwise distributable to such Limited Partner. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding all aspects of FATCA as it affects their particular circumstances.
Certain Proposed United States Federal Income Tax Legislation. A number of items of legislation are currently proposed, or have been proposed in the past, that could significantly alter certain of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in the Registrant or Feeder TE. It currently is uncertain whether any such proposed legislation (or similar legislation) will be enacted into law. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding proposed legislation.
Certain ERISA Considerations
This section includes information for potential Limited Partners who are subject to ERISA, including information regarding fiduciary requirements, prohibited transactions under ERISA and provisions regarding plan assets under ERISA. This section also includes information for potential Limited Partners who are subject to Section 4975 of the Code or, while not subject to ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, may be subject to non-U.S., state, local or other federal laws or regulations that are substantially similar to the provisions of ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code.
Each prospective investor which is or which is investing on behalf of an employee benefit plan or trust subject to the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA (such plans or trusts referred to herein as “ERISA Plans”), or a “plan” within the meaning of and subject to Section 4975 of the Code (including individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) or Keogh plans covering only self-employed individuals (“Keogh Plans”)), should consider the matters described below in determining whether to invest in the Fund. Such plans, trusts and accounts, as well as any entities and accounts whose underlying assets are deemed to include the assets of such plan, trust or account, are referred to herein as “Plans.”
General Fiduciary Matters
Investments by or with the assets of ERISA Plans are subject to ERISA’s general fiduciary requirements, including the requirements of investment prudence and diversification, requirements respecting the delegation of investment authority and the requirement that such investments be made in accordance with the documents governing the ERISA Plan. ERISA Plan fiduciaries should give appropriate consideration to, among other things, whether the fiduciary has the authority to make the investment, the role that an investment in the Fund has in the ERISA Plan’s investment portfolio, taking into account the ERISA Plan’s purposes, the risk of loss and the potential return in respect of the investment, the composition of the ERISA Plan’s portfolio, the liquidity and current return of the total portfolio relative to the anticipated cash flow needs of the ERISA Plan, the projected return of the portfolio relative to the ERISA Plan’s funding objectives and investment policy statement, and the tax effects of the investment. Keogh Plan and IRA investors should also consider whether an investment in the Fund is appropriate for their Keogh Plans or IRAs.
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In addition, each Plan should consider the fact that none of the General Partner, the Management Company or any of their respective affiliates or employees will act as a fiduciary to any Plan with respect to the decision to invest such Plan’s assets in the Fund or with respect to the operation and management of the Fund. Neither the General Partner nor the Management Company is undertaking to provide any advice or recommendation, including, without limitation, in a fiduciary capacity with respect to a prospective Plan investor’s decision to invest in the Fund, and such decision must be made on an arm’s length basis. It is intended, as discussed below, that the Registrant and certain other Partnerships will not hold “plan assets” (“Plan Assets”) within the meaning of the Department of Labor regulations located at 29 C.F.R. Section 2510.3-101, or any successor regulations, as modified by Section 3(42) of ERISA (the “Plan Asset Provisions”).
Prohibited Transactions
ERISA generally prohibits a fiduciary from causing an ERISA Plan (or an entity or account whose underlying assets are deemed to include the assets of such ERISA Plan) to engage in a broad range of transactions involving the assets of the ERISA Plan and persons having a specified relationship to the ERISA Plan unless a statutory or administrative exemption applies. Similar prohibitions are contained in Section 4975 of the Code and generally apply with respect to ERISA Plans, Keogh Plans, IRAs and other Plans. An excise tax may be imposed pursuant to Section 4975 of the Code on persons having a specified relationship with a Plan subject to ERISA (“parties in interest”) or Section 4975 of the Code (“disqualified persons”) in respect of prohibited transactions involving the assets of such Plan. Generally, parties in interest for purposes of ERISA would be disqualified persons under Section 4975 of the Code.
If the assets of the Registrant and/or a Partnership that is structured so as to not hold Plan Assets are treated for purposes of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code as the assets of the Plans that invest in such Partnership(s), certain transactions that such Partnership(s) might enter into in the ordinary course of business might constitute “prohibited transactions” under ERISA and the Code, thereby potentially subjecting fiduciaries of the Plans to personal liability and civil penalties and potentially resulting in the imposition of an excise tax under Section 4975 of the Code upon the disqualified person that is party to the transaction with such Partnership(s). In addition, to the extent that the General Partner, the Management Company, such Partnership(s) or one of the affiliates of the foregoing represents and/or covenants to any contractual counterparty that (1) the assets of such Partnership(s) are not assets of the Plans that invest therein and/or (2) the transactions entered into between such Partnership(s) and the Plans that invest therein do not constitute “prohibited transactions” under ERISA and the Code, and the applicable representation is untrue and/or the applicable covenant is not met, additional liabilities may be incurred, including as a result of the unwinding of the applicable contract.
Plan Assets
The Plan Asset Provisions generally provide that when a Benefit Plan Investor (defined below) acquires an equity interest in an entity, such investor’s assets include its equity interest and an undivided interest in each of the underlying assets of such entity. This default rule does not apply, however, (i) to any entity that limits Benefit Plan Investor participation so that it is not “significant” (ii) to any entity that qualifies as an “operating company,” or (iii) with respect to equity interests that are “publicly offered securities” as each such term as defined below.
Less than 25% Exception. Under the Plan Asset Provisions, equity participation in an entity by Benefit Plan Investors is “significant” on any date if, immediately after the most recent acquisition of any equity interest in the entity, 25% or more of the value of any class of equity interests is held by Benefit Plan Investors. The term “Benefit Plan Investor” includes (a) any “employee benefit plan” (as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA), that is subject to the provisions of Title I of ERISA, (b) any “plan” described in Section 4975(e)(1) of the Code to which Section 4975 of the Code applies and (c) any entity or account (including an insurance company general or separate account) whose underlying assets include plan assets by reason of investment in the entity by either of the foregoing. For purposes of this determination, the value of equity interests held by a person (other than a Benefit Plan Investor) who has discretionary authority or control with respect to the assets of the entity or any person who provides investment advice for a fee (direct or indirect) with respect to such assets (or any affiliate of such a person) is disregarded. In order to monitor participation by Benefit Plan Investors, the General Partner will rely on
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representations made by investors in the Fund and may reject investments by certain prospective investors, prohibit certain transfers of interests, cause certain Limited Partners to liquidate their investments in the Fund, and/or to take such other actions permitted under the Partnership Agreements as it considers necessary so as to avoid the assets of the Registrant and certain other Partnerships that are structured so as to not hold Plan Assets from being deemed to hold “plan assets” within the meaning of the Plan Asset Provisions. It should be noted that the Plan Asset Provisions and subsequent Department of Labor interpretations provide only limited guidance as to what constitutes a “class” of equity interests for the purposes of determining whether participation by Benefit Plan Investors is “significant,” and there can be no assurance that the General Partner’s determination of whether there is one or more classes of equity interests in a Partnership or of which Limited Partners’ equity interests are included in each such class will be consistent with the Department of Labor’s interpretation.
Operating Company Exception. Under the Plan Asset Provisions, an investment by a Plan in equity securities of an entity, generally, will not solely by reason of such investment, be considered to be an investment in the underlying assets of such entity if, inter alia, the entity is a “operating company.” An “operating company” under the Plan Asset Provisions may include (i) an entity engaged, either directly or through wholly- or majority-owned subsidiaries, in the production or sale of a product or service other than the investment of capital or (ii) a “venture capital operating company” (a “VCOC”). An entity is a VCOC for the period beginning on the “initial valuation date” (within the meaning of the Plan Asset Provisions) and ending on the last day of the first “annual valuation period” (within the meaning of the Plan Asset Provisions) or for the 12-month period following the expiration of an annual valuation period if, (i) on such initial valuation date or at any time within such annual valuation period, at least 50% of its assets (other than short-term investments pending long-term commitment or distribution to investors), valued at cost, are invested in “venture capital investments” or are “derivative investments” and (ii) during such 12-month period following the expiration of an annual valuation period or during the period beginning on the initial valuation date and ending on the last day of the first annual valuation period, the entity actually exercises management rights with respect to at least one of the venture capital investments. For purposes of the exception, “venture capital investments” are investments in operating companies (that is, entities primarily engaged, directly or through a majority-owned subsidiary or subsidiaries, in the production or sale of a product or service other than the investment of capital) pursuant to which the investor (i.e., the VCOC) has or obtains management rights. The venture capital investment can take the form of debt or equity interests issued by the operating company, or a combination of the two. “Derivative investments” are venture capital investments as to which the VCOC’s management rights have ceased as a result of a public offering of securities of the operating company to which the investment relates or investments that are acquired by the VCOC in the ordinary course of business in exchange for a venture capital investment in connection with a public offering of securities of the operating company to which the investment relates or a merger or reorganization of the operating company to which the investment relates or independent business reasons unrelated to extinguishing management rights (but, in each case, only until the later of 10 years from the date of the acquisition of the original venture capital investment to which the derivative investment relates, or 30 months from the date on which the investment becomes a derivative investment). “Management rights” are contractual rights directly between the investor and an operating company to substantially participate in, or substantially influence the conduct of, the management of the operating company. A VCOC may also continue to be treated as a VCOC during its “distribution period” within the meaning of the Plan Asset Provisions, despite failing to continue to meet the normal VCOC requirements as it distributes its assets.
Publicly Offered Securities Exception. Under the Plan Asset Provisions, the investment by Benefit Plan Investors in the equity interests of an entity that constitute “publicly offered securities” within the meaning of the Plan Asset Provisions will not cause such entity to be deemed to hold Plan Assets. The “publicly offered securities” exception applies to a class of equity interests that are (i) widely held (i.e., held by 100 or more investors who are independent of the issuer and each other), (ii) freely transferable, and (iii) either (a) part of a class of securities registered under Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), or (b) sold as part of an offering of securities to the public pursuant to an effective registration statement under the 1933 Act and such class is registered under the Exchange Act within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year of the issuer during which the offering of such securities to the public occurred.
With respect to the Registrant and the other Partnerships structured so as to not hold Plan Assets, the General Partner intends to rely on one or more of the Plan Asset exceptions set forth above. Accordingly, the
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General Partner believes that, under the Plan Asset Provisions, the underlying assets of such Partnerships should not be treated as “plan assets” within the meaning of the Plan Asset Provisions. However, there is very little authority regarding the application of ERISA and the Plan Asset Provisions to entities such as the Partnerships, and there can be no assurance that the Department of Labor or the courts would not take a position or promulgate additional rules or regulations that could significantly impact the Plan Asset status of the Fund.
Reporting Obligations
ERISA and regulations issued thereunder require that fiduciaries of Plans subject to ERISA report to the Department of Labor the current value of and other information with respect to the assets of such Plans. Such Plans may also be required to report details of compensation for certain services provided by an entity, excluding certain compensation if an entity qualifies as a VCOC, unless such compensation is characterized as “eligible indirect compensation.” The descriptions contained herein of fees and compensation, including management fees and carried interest, are intended to satisfy the disclosure requirements required for “eligible indirect compensation” for which the alternative reporting option on Schedule C of the Department of Labor Form 5500 may be available.
Feeder TE and Certain Other Partnerships
Certain investors may choose to invest in the Fund through Feeder TE or another Partnership (if offered by the Fund) that may not satisfy one or more Plan Asset exceptions. Accordingly, the assets of such Partnership(s) may be deemed to be Plan Assets. When investing in the Fund through such Partnership(s), each investor, by making a capital contribution, will be deemed to direct the investment of such capital contribution directly or indirectly in the Registrant. In addition, each such investor will acknowledge that, to the extent that the assets of such Partnership(s) constitute Plan Assets, the General Partner will act only as a custodian with respect to such assets and is not intended (i) to be a fiduciary for purposes of ERISA or (ii) to control the management or policies of such Partnership(s).
Governmental Plans, Non-U.S. Plans and Certain Church Plans
Non-U.S. plans, governmental plans and certain church plans, while not subject to the fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA or the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, may nevertheless be subject to non-U.S., state, local or other federal laws or regulations that are substantially similar to the foregoing provisions of ERISA and the Code (“Similar Laws”) and may restrict the type of investments these plans may make or otherwise have an impact on their ability to invest in the Fund. Fiduciaries of any such plans should consult with their counsel before investing in the Fund in order to determine the need for, and, if necessary, the availability of, any exemptive relief under any such law or regulations.
THE FOREGOING DISCUSSION OF ERISA, THE CODE AND SIMILAR LAW-RELATED ISSUES IS GENERAL IN NATURE, IS NOT INTENDED TO BE ALL-INCLUSIVE AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS LEGAL ADVICE. FIDUCIARIES OF PLANS (AND PLANS SUBJECT TO SIMILAR LAWS, INCLUDING NON-U.S. PLANS, GOVERNMENTAL PLANS AND CERTAIN CHURCH PLANS) SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN COUNSEL WITH RESPECT TO ISSUES ARISING UNDER ERISA, THE CODE AND SIMILAR LAWS AND MAKE THEIR OWN INDEPENDENT DECISION REGARDING AN INVESTMENT IN THE FUND. ACCEPTANCE OF SUBSCRIPTIONS OF ANY PLAN IS IN NO RESPECT A REPRESENTATION BY THE FUND, THE GENERAL PARTNER, THE MANAGEMENT COMPANY OR ANY OTHER PARTY THAT SUCH INVESTMENT MEETS THE RELEVANT LEGAL REQUIREMENTS WITH RESPECT TO THAT PLAN OR THAT THE INVESTMENT IS APPROPRIATE FOR SUCH PLAN.
ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS
Risk Factors
The following discussion of risk factors supplements the matters discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Certain Investment Considerations.” Although the various risks discussed herein are generally described
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separately, prospective investors should consider the potential effects of the interplay of multiple risk factors. Where more than one significant risk factor is present, the risk of loss to an investor is likely to be significantly increased. As a result of these factors, as well as other risks inherent in any investment or set forth elsewhere in this Registration Statement, there can be no assurance that the Fund will meet its investment objectives or otherwise be able to successfully carry out its investment strategy. For the avoidance of doubt, the order in which the risks are presented below is not intended to provide an indication of the likelihood of their occurrence or of their magnitude or significance. The following discussion, together with the discussion in “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Certain Investment Considerations,” does not purport to be a complete enumeration or explanation of the investment considerations and risks involved in an investment in the Fund. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Fund, or that have not been noted in these risk factors, could also have a negative or adverse effect, which could be material, on the performance of the Fund. Each prospective investor should read this entire memorandum (including the following risk factors and the matters discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Certain Investment Considerations”), the Partnership Agreements and the Subscription Agreement and make its own inquiries and investigation of an investment in the Fund, including the merits and risks involved and the legality and tax consequences of such an investment, and should consult with its own legal, tax and financial advisors before deciding whether or not to invest in the Fund.
General Risks
Newly Formed; Past Performance. Although the investment professionals of TPG have extensive investment experience generally, the Fund, the General Partner and the Management Company are newly formed entities with no operating history on which prospective investors may base an evaluation of likely performance. Therefore, prospective investors will have no or limited track record or history upon which to base their investment decision. To the extent that TPG’s investment professionals are responsible for the investment results of previous investment funds, those results are, in any event, past results and not necessarily indicative of future results of the Fund’s investments. Additionally, the size and type of investments expected to be made by the Fund could differ from prior TPG investments (including prior private equity investments). As a result, TPG and its investment professionals do not have a comprehensive track record reflecting historical performance with respect to all types of investments targeted by the Fund.
TPG’s previous investment funds may have benefited from investment opportunities and general market conditions that may not repeat themselves, including the availability of debt financing on attractive terms. In addition, attractive returns of certain prior funds or investments may have been driven in part by the rapid return of invested capital, which has not occurred with respect to all of the prior funds and investments, and may be less likely to occur in the future. The Fund may not be able to achieve the same returns or profitable investment opportunities or deploy or return capital as quickly as TPG’s prior funds and investments. There can be no assurance that any of the Fund’s investments will perform as well as TPG’s past investments.
Nature of Investment. An investment in the Fund is speculative and volatile, with no certainty of return. The Fund may make investments in companies that are experiencing or are expected to experience severe financial difficulties, which difficulties may never be overcome. The Fund is also expected to make investments in companies or assets that are in a conceptual or early stage of development, which may have no proven operating history on which to judge future performance, little or no profits or cash flow, uncertain market position and a high degree of regulatory risk. Investments in such early-stage companies may involve greater risks than generally are associated with investments in more established companies. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Early-Stage and Late-Stage Companies.” These investments are considered highly speculative and may result in the loss of the Fund’s entire investment. Since the Fund could make concentrated investments in a limited number of companies, and because many of the Fund’s investments will likely involve a high degree of risk, poor performance by a few of the investments could significantly reduce the total returns to the Limited Partners. No assurances can be given that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives or avoid substantial losses or that investors will receive a return of any of their capital. Investors should not invest unless they can bear the consequences of a partial or total loss of capital.
Competition for Investments. TPG expects to compete for investment opportunities with funds and other investment vehicles having similar investment objectives or strategies. Potential competitors include other
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investment funds, business development companies, strategic industry acquirers, special purpose acquisition companies and other financial investors investing directly or through affiliates. Certain of these entities possess competitive advantages over the Fund, including:
greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources;
higher risk tolerances;
different risk assessments;
lower return thresholds;
lower cost of capital;
access to funding sources unavailable to the Fund; and
an ability to achieve synergistic cost savings in respect of an investment.
In addition, a large number of private investment funds have been formed over the past several years, and many recently formed and existing private investment funds are able to call substantial amounts of unused capital commitments, resulting in a significant amount of capital available for investment in such opportunities.
Uncertainty Regarding Investments. Although TPG dedicates substantial time and resources to conduct appropriate due diligence prior to making an investment, the due diligence process is subjective at times and may be undertaken on an expedited basis and/or on the basis of imperfect information in order to take advantage of available investment opportunities. The due diligence process also at times requires the Fund to rely on the limited resources available to it, including information provided by the target of the investment and third-party consultants, legal advisors, accountants and investment banks. In particular, where the Fund is making a minority investment in a portfolio company, the information available to the General Partner at the time of an investment decision will potentially be limited, and there is no guarantee that the General Partner will have access to the detailed information necessary for a full evaluation of the investment opportunity. As a result, the due diligence investigation may not reveal or highlight all relevant facts that are necessary or helpful in evaluating an investment opportunity. The Fund’s due diligence investigations cannot ensure the success of its investments.
Broad Investment Mandate. The Fund’s investment strategy covers a broad range of asset classes and geographic regions and there are no material limitations on the instruments, markets or countries in which the Fund may invest or the specific investment strategies that it may employ. An investor must rely upon TPG’s ability to identify, structure and implement investments consistent with the Fund’s overall investment objectives and policies at such times as it determines. The Fund will make investments in keeping with its investment program. The Fund may make investments throughout the capital structure such as mezzanine securities, senior secured debt, bank debt, unsecured debt, convertible bonds and preferred and common stock and across asset classes including, without limitation, private or public equity, structured equity, minority private equity, commodities and credit. It is expected that, in light of the Fund’s investment objective, the Fund may make equity, credit and/or debt investments that do not involve control or influence over the underlying entity in which the Fund invests. Additionally, the Fund’s investments may be concentrated at various points in time in a particular segment of an industry or geography, particularly in the beginning stages of the Fund. The General Partner may also change the Fund’s investment and operational policies which could result in the Fund making investments that are different from, and possibly riskier or more highly leveraged than, the types of investments otherwise described in this Registration Statement. The Fund’s investment strategy provides the General Partner and/or the Management Company with broad discretion and can be changed in its/their sole discretion, including being narrowed or expanded as needed for purposes of retaining the Fund’s eligibility for certain regulatory exemptions under applicable law. A change in the Fund’s investment strategy may, among other things, increase the Fund’s exposure to market fluctuations, default risk and interest rate risk, all of which could materially affect the results of the Fund’s operations and financial condition.
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Difficulty Identifying Suitable Investment Opportunities. An investor must rely on TPG’s ability to make investments consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies. In light of the nature of the Fund’s continuous offering and the need to be able to deploy potentially large amounts of capital quickly to capitalize on potential investment opportunities, if the Fund has difficulty identifying and purchasing suitable investments on attractive terms, there could be a delay between the time it receives net proceeds from the sale of Units and the time the Fund invests the net proceeds. The Fund may also from time to time hold cash or liquid investments pending deployment into its target investments, which holdings may at times be significant, particularly at times when the Fund is receiving high amounts of offering proceeds and/or times when there are few attractive investment opportunities. In the event the Fund is unable to find suitable investments in accordance with its investment objectives and strategies, such cash or liquid investments may be maintained for longer periods which would be dilutive to overall investment returns. Even if the Fund is never fully invested, the Fund will be required to pay advisory fees for an extended period of time, which will reduce the Fund’s NAV. These scenarios could cause a substantial delay in the time it takes for Limited Partners’ investments in the Fund to realize their full potential return and could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to pay regular distributions of cash flow from operations to Limited Partners. It is not anticipated that the temporary investment of such cash into money market accounts or other similar temporary investments pending deployment into the Fund’s target investments will generate significant interest, which may adversely affect overall returns. In the event the Fund fails to timely invest the net proceeds of sales of Units or does not deploy sufficient capital to meet its targeted leverage, the Fund’s performance may be adversely affected.
Limitations on Availability of Exit Opportunities and Strategies. The Fund’s ability to dispose of its investments may be limited for several reasons (some or all of which may be outside of the Fund’s control), including the absence of an established market for such investments, as well as contractual and other limitations on transfer or other restrictions that would interfere with subsequent sales of such investments or adversely affect the terms upon which a disposition could be made. Due to the illiquid nature of many of the investments that TPG expects the Fund to make, TPG is unable to predict with confidence what, if any, exit strategy will ultimately be available for any given core position. Exit strategies which appear to be viable when an investment is initiated may be precluded by the time the investment is ready to be realized due to economic, legal, political or other factors. Any possibility of a disposition in the public markets will depend upon favorable market conditions, including receptiveness to initial or secondary public offerings for the companies in which the Fund invests and an active mergers and acquisitions (or recapitalizations and reorganizations) market, among other factors. Furthermore, certain investments (for example, investments in Third-Party Manager-led Funds (as defined below)) by their nature are subject to industry cyclicality, downturns in financial markets, market disruptions and the lack of available capital for potential purchasers and are therefore often difficult or time-consuming to liquidate.
Potential Lack of Diversification. While diversification is generally a Fund objective, there is no assurance as to the degree of diversification that will actually be achieved in the Fund’s investments. Because a substantial portion of the Fund’s capital could be invested in a single portfolio company or asset—especially at the beginning of the Fund’s life—a loss with respect to any single portfolio company could have a significant adverse effect on the Fund’s returns. Similarly, because a substantial portion of the Fund’s subscriptions could be invested in investments in a single sector or geographic region, events impacting such sector or region could have a significant adverse effect on the Fund’s returns. Even if the Fund achieves significant diversification, such diversification would not necessarily provide meaningful risk control and may reduce the Fund’s profit potential.
Reliance on TPG Management. The success of the Fund will depend in large part upon the skill and expertise of the Management Company’s investment professionals. The Management Company’s investment professionals focused on the Fund’s strategy intend to devote sufficient time to the Fund so that the Fund can carry out its proposed activities. However, investors should be aware that each of these persons has significant other responsibilities. In addition, TPG cannot assure that any individual professional will continue to be associated with the Fund or that replacements (if any) will perform well. TPG’s ability to recruit, retain and motivate qualified investment professionals is dependent in part on TPG’s ability to offer attractive incentive opportunities. There is competition among alternative asset firms, financial institutions, private equity firms, investment managers and other industry participants for hiring and retaining qualified investment professionals. Should any of TPG’s professionals join or form a competing firm, become incapacitated or in some other way cease to participate in the Fund’s
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investment activities, the Fund’s performance could be adversely affected. Tax reform enacted in 2017 in the United States increased the holding period required in order for professionals to treat carried interest as long term capital gain and additional changes have been considered by the U.S. Congress that if enacted, would tax carried interest as ordinary income rather than as capital gain, or would further increase the holding period requirement, either of which may increase the amount of taxes such professionals would be required to pay with respect to their carried interest. Similar rules may operate in other jurisdictions. If such legislation were to be enacted to treat carried interest as ordinary income rather than as capital gain, the amount of taxes that TPG’s professionals would be required to pay with respect to their carried interest would materially increase, thereby adversely affecting TPG’s ability to offer attractive incentive opportunities.
Reliance on the Management of Portfolio Companies. Although TPG intends to invest in portfolio companies that have strong management teams and/or to assist in enhancing management teams, there can be no assurance that any portfolio company’s management team will be able to operate successfully. There can also be no assurance that the management team of a portfolio company on the date an investment is made will remain the same throughout the period the investment is held by the Fund, or that the Fund’s portfolio companies will be able to attract, develop and integrate other suitable personnel following the making of the Fund’s investments. With respect to emerging companies, TPG may have limited ability to evaluate their management based on past performance, and such companies may rely more on individual members of the management team than more established companies do. In some cases, the success of the Fund’s investment strategy will depend, in part, on the ability of the management of a portfolio company to restructure and implement improvements in the operation of such portfolio company. The activity of identifying and implementing potential operating improvements at portfolio companies entails a high degree of uncertainty. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to successfully identify and implement such improvements. In addition, instances of fraud, other deceptive practices and/or other misconduct committed by the management teams of the Fund’s portfolio companies may undermine TPG’s due diligence efforts with respect to such investments or otherwise adversely affect the operations of a portfolio company. If such fraud, other deceptive practices and/or other misconduct is discovered, it could adversely affect the valuation of the Fund’s investments and may contribute to overall market volatility that can negatively impact the Fund’s investment portfolio.
Asset Managers in Certain Jurisdictions. Certain local regulatory controls and tax considerations may cause TPG to appoint one or more third parties to manage some or all of the Fund’s investments in certain jurisdictions. Although typically the General Partner oversees the operations of the Fund’s investments, such third parties will be delegated responsibilities and may have influence over the affairs and operations of the applicable investments. The costs and expenses of any such third party will be borne by the Fund and will not offset the Management Fee, Maintenance Fee or the Performance Participation Allocation.
Future Investment Techniques and Instruments. Subject to the terms of the Partnership Agreements, this Registration Statement and applicable law, the Fund may employ new investment techniques or invest in new instruments that the General Partner believes will help achieve the Fund’s investment objectives, whether or not such investment techniques or instruments are specifically described herein. New investment techniques or instruments may not be thoroughly tested in the market before being employed and may have operational or theoretical shortcomings which could result in unsuccessful investments and, ultimately, losses to the Fund. In addition, any new investment technique or instrument developed by the Fund may be more speculative than earlier investment techniques or instruments and may involve material and unanticipated risks not otherwise described herein.
Availability of Financing. The Fund’s ability to invest in portfolio companies may depend on the availability and terms of any borrowings that are required or desirable with respect to such investments. For example, from time to time, the market for private investment transactions has been adversely affected by a decrease in the availability of senior or subordinated financings for transactions. A decrease in the availability of financing (or an increase in the interest cost) for leveraged transactions, whether due to adverse changes in economic or financial market conditions or a decreased appetite for risk by lenders, would impair the Fund’s ability to consummate these transactions and would adversely affect the Fund’s returns.
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Sourcing of Investments. TPG expects to source a substantial volume of its investment opportunities through its personnel, relationships and various platforms. To the extent these sourcing channels do not present TPG with a sufficient volume of investment opportunities, or the opportunities presented are not suitable for investment by the Fund, the Fund’s performance will be adversely affected.
Portfolio Company Liabilities. Liabilities of portfolio companies, including those related to activities that occurred prior to the Fund’s investment therein, could have an adverse impact on the Fund. As illustrated in 2021 by a European Commission holding regarding liability for portfolio company activities, there is risk of potential legal or regulatory liability even if private equity funds are only involved in the high-level strategy and commercial policy of their portfolio companies. Similarly, various jurisdictions permit certain classes of creditors and government authorities to make claims against shareholders of a company if the company does not have resources to pay out the claim. The Fund could, as a result, become liable for certain classes of claims against its portfolio companies. Finally, it is possible that creditors of portfolio companies owned by other TPG funds may seek to make certain claims against the Fund due to its common control relationship with other TPG funds. The laws of certain jurisdictions provide not only for carve-outs from limited liability protection for a portfolio company that has incurred certain liabilities, but also for recourse to assets of other entities under common control with, or that are part of the same economic group as, such company. For example, if a portfolio company of the Fund or another TPG fund is subject to bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings in a jurisdiction and is found to have liabilities under the local consumer protection laws, the laws of that jurisdiction may permit authorities or creditors to file a lien on, or to otherwise have recourse to, assets held by entities under common control or that form part of the same economic group, potentially including portfolio companies of the Fund.
Contingent Liabilities and Liabilities Upon Disposition of an Investment. From time to time, the Fund may incur contingent liabilities in connection with an investment. For example, the Fund may enter into agreements pursuant to which it assumes responsibility for default risk presented by a third party or may enter into agreements through which third parties offer default protection to the Fund. In connection with the disposition of an investment in a portfolio company, the Fund may be required to make representations about the business and financial affairs of that company typically made in connection with the sale of assets or a business and may be responsible for the content of disclosure documents under applicable securities laws. It may also be required to indemnify the purchasers of the investment to the extent such representations or disclosure documents turn out to be inaccurate. These arrangements may result in contingent liabilities, which will be borne by the Fund. The Fund may incur numerous other types of contingent liabilities, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will adequately reserve for its contingent liabilities or that such liabilities will not have an adverse effect on the Fund.
Acts of God; Availability of Insurance Against Certain Catastrophic Losses. The Fund’s investments may be susceptible to the effects of “Acts of God,” including earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, tropical storms, fires or other natural disasters, pandemics, electricity shortages or other similar national or local emergencies, that are beyond TPG’s control and not easily foreseeable, collectively referred to as “force majeure” events. In addition to risks associated with the spread of infectious diseases (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks of Pandemics”), other adverse public health developments or natural disasters in any country in which the Fund targets investments could have a material adverse effect on the economy in such country or globally and/or the business operations of portfolio companies in which the Fund invests. Force majeure events could adversely affect the Fund’s ability, or the ability of a portfolio company or a counterparty to perform its obligations, including but not limited to the construction of its in-process development. The liability and cost arising out of a failure to perform obligations as a result of a force majeure event could be considerable and could be borne by the Fund or a portfolio company. In addition, the cost to the Fund, its investments or portfolio companies, of repairing or replacing damaged assets resulting from such force majeure event could be material. Certain of these force majeure events could have a broader negative impact on the global or local economy, thereby affecting the Fund and the General Partner. Additionally, a major governmental intervention into an industry in light of a force majeure event or otherwise, including the nationalization of an industry or the assertion of control over one or more of the Fund’s investments or its assets, could result in a loss to the Fund, including if the Fund’s investment is cancelled, unwound or acquired (which could be without what the General Partner considers to be adequate compensation) if an investment or portfolio company is affected, and any compensation provided by the relevant government may not be adequate. Any of the foregoing may therefore adversely affect the performance of the Fund and its investments. Certain losses of a catastrophic nature, such as
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those caused by wars, earthquakes, severe weather, terrorist attacks (including cyber sabotage or similar attacks) or other similar events, will be either uninsurable or insurable at such high rates that to maintain coverage would cause an adverse impact on the related investments. In general, losses related to terrorism can be hard and expensive to insure against. Some insurers are excluding terrorism coverage from their all-risks policies. In some cases, the insurers are offering significantly limited coverage against terrorist acts for additional premiums, which can greatly increase the total costs of casualty insurance for a property. As a result, not all investments will be insured against terrorism. If a major uninsured loss occurs, the Fund could lose both anticipated profits from and invested capital in the affected investments.
Risk of Certain Events Related to TPG. A bankruptcy, change of control or other significant adverse event relating to TPG or the General Partner could cause the General Partner to have difficulty retaining personnel and may otherwise adversely affect the Fund and its ability to achieve its investment objective. Furthermore, any misconduct by employees of the General Partner, the Management Company, their respective affiliates and/or the members of the Board of Directors could cause significant losses to the Fund. Misconduct may include entering into transactions without authorization, the failure to comply with operational and risk procedures, including due diligence procedures, the improper use or disclosure of confidential or material non-public information (“MNPI”), which could result in litigation or serious financial harm, including limiting the Fund’s business prospects or future marketing activities, and non-compliance with applicable laws or regulations and the concealing of any of the foregoing. Such activities may result in reputational damage, litigation, business disruption and/or financial losses to the Fund. The General Partner and/or the Management Company, as applicable, have controls and procedures that seek to minimize the risk of such misconduct occurring. However, no assurances can be given that the General Partner and/or the Management Company will be able to identify or prevent such misconduct.
Risks Related to the Fund’s Structure and Units
Sourcing and Payment of Distributions. TPG does not expect the Fund to make regular distributions and TPG has not established a minimum distribution payment level, and the Fund’s ability to make distributions to its Limited Partners may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including the risk factors described in this Registration Statement. As of the date of this Registration Statement, the Fund has no track record and may not generate sufficient income to make distributions to its Limited Partners. The General Partner will make determinations regarding distributions based upon, among other factors, the Fund’s financial performance, debt service obligations, debt covenants, tax requirements and capital expenditure requirements. Among the factors that could impair the Fund’s ability to make distributions to its Limited Partners are:
the Fund’s inability to invest the proceeds from sales of Units on a timely basis;
the Fund’s inability to realize attractive risk-adjusted returns on the Fund’s investments;
high levels of expenses or reduced revenues that reduce the Fund’s cash flow or non-cash earnings; and
defaults in the Fund’s investment portfolio or decreases in the value of the Fund’s investments.
As a result, the Fund may not be able to make distributions to its Limited Partners at any time in the future, and the level of any distributions the Fund does make to Limited Partners may not increase or even be maintained over time, any of which could materially and adversely affect the value of an investor’s investment.
The Fund may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to fully fund distributions to Limited Partners, particularly during the early stages of the Fund’s operations. Therefore, the Fund may fund distributions to its Limited Partners from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of assets, borrowings, return of capital or offering proceeds (including from sales from Units). The extent to which the Fund pays distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations will depend on various factors, including the extent to which the Management Company elects to receive its Management Fee in Units and the General Partner elects to receive distributions on its Performance Participation Allocation in Units, how quickly the Fund
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invests the offering proceeds and the performance of the Fund’s investments. Funding distributions from the sales of assets, borrowings, return of capital or proceeds of the offering will result in the Fund having less funds available to acquire investments. As a result, the return a Limited Partner realizes on its investment may be reduced. Doing so may also negatively impact the Fund’s ability to generate cash flows. Likewise, funding distributions from the sale of additional securities will dilute an investor’s interest in the Fund on a percentage basis and may impact the value of an investor’s investment especially if the Fund sells these securities at prices less than the price an investor paid for their Units. The Fund may fund distributions from a combination of some of these sources if the Fund’s investments fail to perform, if expenses are greater than the Fund’s revenues or due to numerous other factors. The Fund has not established a limit on the amount of its distributions that may be paid from any of these sources.
To the extent the Fund borrows funds to pay distributions, it would incur borrowing costs and these borrowings would require a future repayment. The use of these sources for distributions and the ultimate repayment of any liabilities incurred could adversely impact the Fund’s ability to pay distributions in future periods, decrease the Fund’s NAV, decrease the amount of cash the Fund has available for operations and new investments and adversely impact the value of an investor’s investment.
The Fund may also defer operating expenses or pay expenses (including the fees of the Management Company or distributions to the General Partner) with Units in order to preserve cash flow for the payment of distributions. The ultimate repayment of these deferred expenses could adversely affect the Fund’s operations and reduce the future return on an investor’s investment. The Fund may repurchase Units from the Management Company or the General Partner shortly after issuing such Units as compensation. The payment of expenses in Units will dilute an investor’s ownership interest in the Fund’s portfolio of assets. There is no guarantee any of the Fund’s operating expenses will be deferred and the Management Company and General Partner are under no obligation to receive future fees or distributions in Units and are generally expected to receive such amounts in cash.
No Market for Units; Restrictions on Transfers. The Units have not been registered under the 1933 Act, the securities laws of any U.S. state or the securities laws of any other jurisdiction and, therefore, cannot be sold unless they are subsequently registered under the 1933 Act and other applicable securities laws, or an exemption from registration is available. It is not contemplated that registration under the 1933 Act or other securities laws will ever be effected. There is no public market for the Units and one is not expected to develop. Each Limited Partner will be required to represent that it is a “qualified purchaser” (as defined in the 1940 Act and rules thereunder) and “accredited investor” (as defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D under the 1933 Act under applicable securities laws) and that it is acquiring its Units for investment purposes and not with a view to resale or distribution and that it will only sell and transfer its Units to an investor that is a “qualified purchaser” and “accredited investor” under applicable securities laws or in a manner permitted by the Partnership Agreements, this Registration Statement and consistent with such laws. Except by operation of law, a Limited Partner will not be permitted to assign, sell, exchange or transfer any of its interest, rights or obligations with respect to its Units, unless the Limited Partner provides 60 calendar days’ notice to the General Partner (or such reasonably shorter period as is agreed to by the General Partner), which may refuse such requested transfer for certain reasons (see “Item 1. Business”). Limited Partners must be prepared to bear the risks of owning Units for an extended period of time.
Lack of Liquidity. There is no current public trading market for the Units, and the General Partner does not expect that such a market will ever develop. Therefore, the repurchase of Units by the Fund will likely be the only way for an investor to dispose of their Units. TPG expects the Fund to repurchase Units at a price equal to the applicable NAV as of a date specified in the repurchase offer and not based on the purchase price. Subject to limited exceptions, any repurchase request of Units that have not been outstanding at least two years will be subject to an Early Repurchase Deduction of 5% of the value of the applicable NAV of the Units being repurchased. The two-year holding period is measured as of the subscription closing date immediately following the prospective repurchase date. As a result, investors may receive less than the price they paid for their Units when investors sell them to the Fund pursuant to the Fund’s Repurchase Program.
The Fund intends to implement a Repurchase Program in which it expects to periodically offer to repurchase up to 3% of Units outstanding (by aggregate NAV). The General Partner may suspend or modify the Repurchase Program if in its reasonable judgment it deems such action to be in the Fund’s best interest or the best
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interest of Limited Partners, including, but not limited to, for regulatory or structuring reasons or as necessary to ensure that the Fund is not subject to tax as a corporation; provided that any suspension or material modification requires approval of the Independent Directors. As a result, Unit repurchases may not be available, such as when a repurchase offer would have an undue burden on the Fund’s liquidity, adversely affect its operations or risk having an adverse impact on the Fund that would outweigh the benefit of the repurchase offer. TPG intends for the Fund to conduct such repurchase offers in accordance with the requirements of Rule 13e-4 under the Exchange Act, but may also determine to conduct the Repurchase Program pursuant to applicable guidance or relief form the staff of the SEC.
In the event that, pursuant to the limitations above, not all of the Units submitted for repurchase during a given quarter are to be accepted for repurchase by the Fund, Units submitted for repurchase during such quarter will be repurchased on a pro rata basis (measured on an aggregate basis (without duplication) across the Fund if applicable). The Registrant expects that settlements of repurchases will be made promptly after the termination of the repurchase offer and may be made in the form of a short-term promissory note.
Unsatisfied repurchase requests will not be automatically carried over to the next repurchase period and, in order for a repurchase request to be reconsidered, Limited Partners must resubmit their request in the next quarterly repurchase offer, or upon the recommencement of the Repurchase Program, as applicable.
Effect of Repurchase Requests. Economic events affecting the U.S. economy could cause Limited Partners to seek to have their Units repurchased pursuant to the Repurchase Program at a time when such events are adversely affecting the performance of the Fund’s assets. Even if the General Partner decides to satisfy all resulting Repurchase Requests, the Fund’s cash flow could be materially adversely affected. In addition, if the Fund determines to sell assets to satisfy Repurchase Requests, it may not be able to realize the return on such assets that it may have been able to achieve had it sold at a more favorable time, and the Fund’s results of operations and financial condition, including, without limitation, breadth of its portfolio by property type and location, could be materially adversely affected.
Valuation Risks. With certain limited exceptions, TPG will determine valuations with respect to Fund investments in its sole discretion. TPG expects the Fund to hold securities or other financial instruments or obligations which are very thinly traded, for which no market exists or which are restricted as to their transferability under applicable securities laws. These investments may be extremely difficult to value accurately. The process of valuing investments for which reliable market quotations are not available is based on inherent uncertainties, and the resulting values may differ from values that would have been determined had a ready market existed for such securities, from values placed on such securities by other investors and from prices at which such securities may ultimately be sold. In addition, third-party pricing information may at times not be available regarding certain of the Fund’s assets. Further, because of overall size or concentration in particular markets of positions held by the Fund, the value of its investments which can be liquidated may differ, sometimes significantly, from their valuations. Performance information of the Fund which may hold substantial amounts of illiquid or hard to value assets, is therefore dependent upon the valuation procedures of the Management Company, and such values may not ultimately be realized. The exercise of discretion in valuation by the General Partner gives rise to potential conflicts of interest, including in connection with determining the amount and timing of distributions of performance allocations and the calculation of management fees. Please see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Certain Investment Considerations—Valuation Matters” for a discussion of the Fund’s valuation methodology and the risks and conflicts of interests it presents. In addition, certain cross-transactions and other transactions between the Fund and any parallel investment entity and between the Fund and other TPG funds, to the extent permitted, are subject to valuation risk and certain conflicts of interest.
Valuation Difficulties in Rapidly Changing Markets. The Fund may make investments which coincide with periods of significant market, economic and geopolitical uncertainty and instability and a rapidly changing investment environment. Investing in highly volatile environments presents certain inherent risks, including reduced market liquidity, reduced price transparency and less certainty in core assumptions in respect of a particular investment or an investment strategy as a whole. While such investment environments provide the opportunity for significant returns, they also present significant risks, many of which cannot be predicted, managed or hedged
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against. If TPG fails to identify or adequately value potential risks or changes, the Fund may invest at a valuation that is not commensurate with the risk profile of a particular investment or where the Fund would otherwise not invest were more accurate information available, resulting in reduced returns or a complete or partial loss of capital. There can be no assurance that TPG will accurately identify all potential considerations that may adversely affect the performance of any one or more of the Fund’s investments or investment strategies.
Limitations of NAV. The General Partner’s (with the assistance of the Management Company) determination of the Fund’s monthly NAV per Unit will be based in part on the latest quarterly valuation of each of the Fund’s investments, as adjusted each month to incorporate the latest available financial data for such investments, including any cash flow activity related to such investments. As a result, the Fund’s published NAV per Unit in any given month may not fully reflect any or all changes in value that may have occurred since the most recent quarterly valuation.
The General Partner (with the assistance of the Management Company) may, but is not obligated to, monitor the Fund’s Equity Investments on an ongoing basis for events that they believe may have a material impact on the Fund’s NAV as a whole. Material events may include investment-specific events or broader market-driven events which may impact more than one specific investment events that the General Partner or Management Company believes may have a material impact on the most recent fair values of such Equity Investments. Possible examples of such a material event include unexpected investment-specific events and broader market-driven events identified by the General Partner or the Management Company, which may impact more than one specific investment, including capital market events, economic and political conditions globally and in the jurisdictions and sectors in which an investment operates, and material changes in cap rates, discount rates or trading multiples. Upon the occurrence of such a material event and provided that the General Partner or Management Company is aware that such event has occurred, they may, but are not obligated to, provide an estimate of the change in value of the Equity Investment, based on the valuation procedures for Equity Investments described in “Item 9. Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Limited Partner Matters—Valuation Procedures.” In addition to tracking the NAV plus related cash flows of the Fund’s Underlying Fund (as defined below) investments, the General Partner and the Management Company may, but are not obligated to, track relevant issuer-specific events or broader market-driven events that they believe may have a material impact on the Fund’s NAV as a whole, and the most recent fair values of the Fund’s Underlying Fund investments. Upon the occurrence of such a material event and provided that the General Partner and the Management Company are aware that such event has occurred, they may, but are not obligated to, make a corresponding adjustment to reflect the current fair value of such Underlying Fund. The General Partner and the Management Company may consider such information and may conclude in certain circumstances that a material event has occurred such that the latest information provided by the Underlying Fund’s investment advisor or investment manager (which may be an Affiliate of TPG) no longer represents the fair value of a particular asset held by such Underlying Fund. If the General Partner and the Management Company concludes in good faith that the latest NAV reported by an Underlying Fund’s investment advisor or investment manager does not represent fair value (e.g., there is more current information regarding a portfolio asset which significantly changes its fair value) they may make a corresponding adjustment to reflect the current fair value of such asset within such Underlying Fund, applying the valuation methodologies for investments described in “Item 9. Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Limited Partner Matters—Valuation Procedures.”
In general, the General Partner and the Management Company expect that any adjustments to fair values will be calculated after a determination that a material change has occurred and the financial effects of such change are quantifiable. However, rapidly changing market conditions or material events may not be immediately reflected in the Fund’s monthly NAV. For example, an unexpected termination or renewal of key customer relationships, recent financial results or changes in the capital structure of an investment, regulatory changes that affect an investment, or a significant industry event or adjustment to an industry outlook that may cause the value of an investment to change materially, yet obtaining sufficient relevant information after the occurrence has come to light and/or analyzing fully the financial impact of such an event may be difficult to do and may require some time. As a result, the NAV per Unit may not reflect a material event until such time as sufficient information is available and analyzed, and the financial impact is fully evaluated, such that the Fund’s NAV may be appropriately adjusted in accordance with the Valuation Policy. Depending on the circumstance, the resulting potential disparity in the
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Fund’s NAV may be in favor or to the detriment of either Limited Partners who redeem their Units, or Limited Partners who buy new Units, or existing Limited Partners. The methods used by the General Partner and the Management Company to calculate the Fund’s NAV, including the components used in calculating the Fund’s NAV, is not prescribed by rules of the SEC or any other regulatory agency. Further, there are no accounting rules or standards that prescribe which components should be used in calculating NAV, and the Fund’s NAV is not audited by the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. The Fund calculates and publishes NAV solely for purposes of establishing the price at which the Fund sells and repurchases Units, and you should not view the Fund’s NAV as a measure of the Fund’s historical or future financial condition. The components and methodology used in calculating the Fund’s NAV may differ from those used by other companies now or in the future.
The valuations of the Fund’s assets may differ from liquidation values that could be realized in the event that the Fund were forced to sell assets. Additionally, errors may occur in calculating the Fund’s NAV, which could impact the price at which the Fund sells and repurchases its Units, the amount of the Management Fee, Performance Participation Allocation and the Maintenance Fee. If such errors were to occur, the General Partner, with the support of the Management Company, depending on the circumstances surrounding each error and the extent of any impact the error has on the price at which Units were sold or repurchased or on the amount of the Management Fee, Performance Participation Allocation and the Maintenance Fee, may determine in its sole discretion to take certain corrective actions in response to such errors, including, subject to TPG’s policies and procedures, making adjustments to prior NAV calculations. You should carefully review the disclosure of the Valuation Policy and how NAV will be calculated in “Item 9. Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Limited Partner Matters—Valuation Procedures.”
Discretion Under the Partnership Agreements. The General Partner has significant discretion in the management of the affairs of the Fund, including discretion in:
appointing members of the Board of Directors;
consenting to the admission of a substituted Limited Partner in the Fund;
the valuation of portfolio companies (subject to the Fund’s valuation policies and procedures);
addressing certain conflicts of interest;
interpreting provisions of the Partnership Agreements or other agreements that may be ambiguous as applied to specific factual circumstances;
structuring investments to address tax or other considerations;
determining whether the value of an investment is impaired including as a result of any fluctuation of public stock prices, currency exchange rates or other temporary fluctuation;
designating any securities or claims, or groups thereof (including securities and/or claims of different types, classes or other attributes) in one or more entities (e.g., a parent company and a subsidiary) as a single “investment” or as multiple different “investments” under the Partnership Agreements, including, inter alia, for purposes of making determinations with respect to calculations of the Management Fee, Performance Participation Allocation and Maintenance Fee;
allocating the economic burden of certain taxes and other expenses;
representing the Fund and certain of its subsidiaries in audits with taxing authorities, in which actions will indirectly bind the Fund and its Partners;
settling claims that may give rise to Fund indemnification obligations;
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making tax elections for the Fund (including an election pursuant to Section 754 of the Code); and
such other matters as may arise from time to time.
The General Partner could take its own interests into account in the exercise of such discretion. The exercise of such discretion may negatively impact the Limited Partners generally or may impact some Limited Partners disproportionately.
Management Fees and Expenses. The Fund will incur management fees and other expenses that will decrease the Fund’s returns. Please see “Item 1. Business—Management Fee” and “Item IA. Risk Factors—Certain Investment Considerations—Conflicts of Interest—Fund Fees and Expenses” for additional discussion of these matters and the risks and conflicts of interest they may present.
Indemnification. The Fund will be required to indemnify, to the maximum extent not prohibited by applicable law, the General Partner and certain persons and entities affiliated or associated with the General Partner and other persons (including members of the Board of Directors) (collectively, the “Fund Indemnified Persons”) for liabilities incurred in connection with the Fund’s affairs. These liabilities may be material and have an adverse effect on the returns to the Limited Partners. The Fund’s indemnification obligation would be payable from the Fund’s assets. Furthermore, the Partnership Agreements limit the circumstances under which the General Partner may be held liable to the Fund or the Limited Partners. As a result, the Limited Partners may have a more limited right of action in certain cases.
Moreover, the General Partner will, notwithstanding any actual or perceived conflict of interest, be the beneficiary of any decision by it to provide indemnification (including advancement of expenses). This may be the case even with respect to settlement of claims arising out of alleged conduct that would disqualify any such person from indemnification and exculpation if the General Partner (and/or its legal counsel) determined that such disqualifying conduct occurred. With respect to indemnification and exculpation, prospective investors should note that the Partnership Agreements contain provisions that modify and replace the duties, including fiduciary and other duties, to the Fund and the Limited Partners to which the General Partner may otherwise be subject, authorize and permit conduct on the part of the General Partner that might not otherwise be permitted pursuant to such duties, and limit the remedies of Limited Partners with respect to breaches of such duties. In that regard, the General Partner will be required to comply with the Partnership Agreements and will not be subject to any different standards imposed by the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act, the Exempted Limited Partnership Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands or under any other law, rule or regulation or in equity, except where such standards cannot be waived under applicable law. The effect of these and related provisions of the Partnership Agreements is that in so long as the General Partner has acted in accordance with the Partnership Agreements (without regard to any reference to “fiduciary duty” therein, and it being understood that references to “good faith” in the Partnership Agreements refers to subjective good faith), the action will, even if the General Partner would otherwise be conflicted because of an interest in the matter, be conclusively deemed to be fair and reasonable and not a breach by the General Partner of any duties it may owe. This includes matters regarding conflicts which are approved by the Board of Directors, wherein the approval of the Board of Directors will be binding on the Fund. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither this Registration Statement nor the Partnership Agreements should be construed so as to, or does, provide for the exculpation or indemnification of any Fund Indemnified Person for any liability (including liability under U.S. federal securities laws) to the extent (but only to the extent) that such exculpation or indemnification would be in violation of applicable law, including the Advisers Act or the Exchange Act, or that such liability may not be waived under applicable law, but will be construed so as to effectuate the provisions hereof and of the Partnership Agreements to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in the Partnership Agreements constitutes a waiver of, in the case of a Limited Partner, any non-waivable right and, in the case of a Fund Indemnified Person, any non-waivable duties under applicable law.
The General Partner also expects to engage service providers on behalf of the Fund. Any such service providers may require different standards for indemnification or limitation of liability than the standards and restrictions applicable to the General Partner and its affiliates pursuant to the Partnership Agreements, and any such obligation to a service provider would be a Fund expense.
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Any insurance policies TPG utilizes to help mitigate the Fund’s exposure to any indemnifiable costs and liabilities may be subject to certain limitations and restrictions on payments. TPG cannot guarantee that it will be able to collect on claims against such policies. In addition, insurance policies (which are obtained at the expense of the Fund) may provide coverage for actions for which the Fund Indemnified Persons would not be entitled to indemnification under the Partnership Agreements.
Recourse to Assets of the Fund. The Fund’s assets, including investments and any capital it holds, may be available to satisfy all of the Fund’s liabilities and other obligations. Parties seeking to have a liability against the Fund satisfied may have recourse to the Fund’s assets generally without being limited to any particular asset (such as the asset representing the investment giving rise to the liability).
Limited Access to Information. Limited Partners’ rights to information regarding the Fund, the General Partner or the Management Company generally will be specified, and in many cases strictly limited, by the Partnership Agreements. In particular, it is anticipated that the General Partner and its affiliates will obtain certain types of material information from or relating to portfolio companies that will not be disclosed to Limited Partners because such disclosure is prohibited, including as a result of contractual, legal or similar obligations outside of the General Partner’s control. Decisions by the General Partner or its affiliates to withhold information may have adverse consequences for Limited Partners in a variety of circumstances. For example, a Limited Partner that seeks to transfer its interest in the Fund may have difficulty in determining an appropriate price for such interest.
Performance Information. Performance for individual Limited Partners may vary from the Fund’s overall performance as a result of the timing of an investor’s admission to the Fund, the repurchase or increase of any part of a Limited Partner’s interest in the Fund, and the Class of Units in which they invest (including as a result of different Subscription Fees, Servicing Fees, Management Fees, or Maintenance Fees). Prospective Limited Partners should note that certain entities, such as any feeder, may invest through Intermediate Entities (including Corporations), which may pay additional taxes and have additional expenses that would further reduce returns experienced by Limited Partners participating therein.
The Performance Participation Allocation that the General Partner is entitled to receive from the Fund is based on a Total Return metric adjusted to exclude the impact of certain expenses, including expenses related to distributions. Therefore, such Total Return measure will differ from the performance that Limited Partners will observe (which performance will be net of any Performance Participation Allocation received by the General Partner from the Fund).
Partnership Agreement Amendments. Except as otherwise required by law or in the Partnership Agreements, the Partnership Agreements may be amended, modified or supplemented, and any provision of the Partnership Agreements may be waived, by the written consent of the General Partner (without the consent of the Limited Partners).
Risk Management; Operational Controls. The operational controls and risk management techniques TPG uses involve third parties over whom TPG does not exercise control, including outsourced providers of fund administration and custody services. The proper operation of the Fund and safekeeping of its assets depend on the performance and financial wherewithal of these third parties, as well as the continued operation and security of their systems. The operational controls and risk management techniques TPG uses also necessarily include subjective elements, making the judgment and discretion of its investment and control-side professionals fundamental to the risk management process. The greater the importance of subjective factors, the more challenging it becomes for TPG to control for risk, which in turn increases the likelihood of unpredictable results with respect to a portfolio company and the Fund’s overall performance.
In general, there are risks associated with the involvement of third parties due to, among other factors, the General Partner’s reduced control over the functions that are outsourced. In some cases, third-party service providers are permitted to delegate all or a portion of their responsibilities relating to the Fund and/or its portfolio companies to other third parties (including their affiliates). Any such delegation could further reduce the General
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Partner’s control over the outsourced functions, and the General Partner would lack direct oversight over the party to whom the responsibilities are delegated.
A third-party service provider could face conflicts of interest in carrying out its responsibilities relating to the Fund and/or its portfolio companies, including (without limitation) in relation to the delegation of such responsibilities to other parties and the allocation of time, attention and resources to the General Partner as compared to its other clients. Third-party service providers could have incentives to carry out their responsibilities in a manner that does not advance the interests of the Fund and often have no fiduciary obligation to act in the best interest of the General Partner or the Fund. The General Partner has limited visibility into what conflicts of interest a third-party service provider might face and the extent to which any such conflicts impact the service provider’s decision-making.
There can be no assurances that the General Partner will be able to identify, prevent or mitigate the risks of engaging third-party service providers. The Fund could suffer adverse consequences from actions, errors or failures to act by such third parties, and will have obligations, including indemnity obligations, and limited recourse against them. Outsourcing and in-house services may not occur uniformly for all TPG-managed vehicles and accounts and the expenses that may be borne by such vehicles and accounts vary. Accordingly, certain costs could be incurred by (or allocated to) the Fund through the use of third-party (or internal) service providers that are not incurred by (or allocated to) certain other TPG funds for similar services.
In addition, an investment in the Fund can involve operational risks arising from such factors as processing errors, human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel, errors caused by third parties or other disruptive events. While TPG has adopted a business continuity program designed to minimize the disruption these events could otherwise cause to normal business operations, business continuity programs are inherently limited. For example, TPG could experience unanticipated contingencies or its controls and oversight may not function as intended. In addition, certain circumstances, including natural disasters, war, terrorism, public health crises, power or utility shortages and other system failures and malfunctions, could prevent TPG and its service providers from performing certain tasks, potentially for extended periods of time, including sending and executing trade orders, processing investor transactions and calculating the Fund’s net asset value. Any such failure could cause losses to the Fund.
Investments through Offshore Holding Companies. The Fund could invest in portfolio companies operating in a non-U.S. country indirectly through holding companies organized outside of such target country. Government regulation in the target country could, however, restrict the ability of the portfolio companies to pay dividends or make other payments to a foreign holding company. Additionally, any transfer of funds from a holding company to its operating subsidiary, either as a shareholder loan or as an increase in equity capital, could be subject to registration or approval with or by government authorities in the target countries. Such restrictions could materially and adversely limit the ability of any holding company in which the Fund invests to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to its businesses, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct its business.
Reserves. As is customary in the industry, the General Partner may establish reserves for anticipated follow-on investments by the Fund in portfolio companies, Fund expenses, Fund liabilities, to fulfill repurchase requests, and for other matters. Estimating the appropriate amount of such reserves is difficult, especially for follow-on investment opportunities, which are directly tied to the success and capital needs of portfolio companies. If reserves are inadequate, the Fund may be unable to take advantage of attractive follow-on or other investment opportunities or to protect its existing investments from dilutive or other punitive terms associated with so-called “pay-to-play” or similar provisions. In these circumstances the General Partner may allocate such opportunities to other TPG funds, which, in the case of further investments in existing portfolio companies could result in the Fund being subject to dilution and may give rise to other significant risks and conflicts of interest. The Fund (and/or one or more other TPG funds, including committed and other co-investment funds) may similarly not participate in a follow-on opportunity (and therefore the Fund’s interest would be subject to dilution or increase, as applicable) where such follow-on opportunity does not comply with the investment limitations in this Registration Statement (or the governing agreement of such other TPG fund, including where one or more investors have consent rights over
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participating in follow-on opportunities), even if the original investment did. The Fund may, to the contrary, be obligated to bear a larger share of any follow-on opportunity, where co-investment vehicles (or other TPG funds) ultimately do not participate in such follow-on opportunity (including, without limitation, as a result of investment limitations or portfolio structuring considerations with respect to such vehicles or where such co-investment vehicles have insufficient capital available to invest pro rata in such follow-on opportunity, in each case, as determined in good faith by their respective general partners or investment managers). There can be no assurance that the Fund will not be adversely affected by such allocations. Further, the allocation of investment opportunities among the Fund and other TPG funds may depend, in part, on their respective reserves at the time of allocating the opportunity, possibly resulting in different investment allocations if any such reserves are inadequate or excessive. For example, if the reserves of any other TPG funds that participated alongside the Fund in an investment are inadequate and unpaid capital commitments or other cash is unavailable, such other TPG funds may be unable to participate in follow-on investments related thereto, and the Fund may participate to a greater extent than it would have otherwise. For example, certain committed and other co-investment funds may not participate in follow-on investments without an agreement by the relevant investors to increase their capital commitments thereto, which would be made in their discretion. If reserves are excessive, the Fund may decline attractive investment opportunities.
Risks Associated with Indebtedness
Use of Leverage. The Fund and/or Underlying Funds in which the Fund may invest (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any special purpose vehicles formed to effect the acquisition of Underlying Funds or similar transactions) may use leverage for a variety of purposes, including, but not limited to, acquiring, directly or indirectly, new investments (if any), leveraging existing investments to permit distributions or additional investments, facilitating hedging activities and bridging funding for investments in advance of capital calls, as applicable. Leverage generally magnifies opportunities for gain and risk of loss from a particular investment. The leverage used by the Fund and/or Underlying Funds may take the form of indebtedness for borrowed money as well as financial leverage in the form of short sales, forward contracts, options, derivatives, and other similar transactions, which may expose the Fund to greater risks than if leverage was not used. Leverage incurred by the Fund or an Underlying Fund could accelerate and magnify declines in the value of an underlying investment or asset. The cost and availability of leverage is highly dependent on the state of the broader credit markets (and such credit markets may be impacted by regulatory restrictions and guidelines), which state is difficult to accurately forecast, and at times it may be difficult to obtain or maintain the desired degree of leverage. Gains made with borrowed funds generally would cause the Fund’s and/or any relevant Underlying Fund’s value to increase faster than without borrowed funds. However, losses incurred with borrowed funds would cause the Fund’s and/or any relevant Underlying Fund’s value to decrease faster and more significantly than without the use of borrowed funds. Money borrowed for the purpose of leveraging investments will also be subject to interest costs as well as financing, transaction and other fees and costs that may not be recovered by returns on the underlying investments, assets or other investment positions taken by the Fund and/or any relevant Underlying Funds, as applicable. In addition, the use of leverage may also result in tax-exempt investors incurring UBTI.
Preferred Financing; Margin Loans. In addition to secured financing arrangements, the Fund could employ preferred financing arrangements or margin loans with respect to some or all of the Fund’s investments. In such arrangements, a third party typically provides cash liquidity in exchange for the right to receive a return of such amount plus a preferred return thereon prior to the return of any additional proceeds to the Fund. Subject to the Partnership Agreements, such arrangements could be employed to provide for additional capital for new or follow-on investments by the Fund and will not be treated as borrowings incurred by the Fund for purposes of determining the Fund’s compliance with the limitations on borrowings set forth in the Partnership Agreements. These arrangements could result in the Fund receiving a lower overall return of distributions than the Fund would otherwise have received if, for example, an investment is held for a long period of time, resulting in a compounding preferred return in favor of the third party financing provider, or where the proceeds of the financing are reinvested in investments that do not perform as well as the original investment(s) that were subject to the financing arrangement. In addition, in the event of a margin call, the Fund will be obligated to contribute additional capital in connection with the investment in order to avoid a default on the margin loan. Furthermore, to the extent a margin loan is entered into on behalf of both the Fund and a co-investment vehicle on a cross-collateralized basis, in the event of a margin call, the Fund and such co-investment vehicle will both be obligated to contribute additional
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capital in connection with the investment in order to avoid a default on the margin loan. Because co-investment vehicles frequently have limited or no remaining unpaid capital commitments, co-investors may have an option (but not an obligation) to increase their capital commitment to fund their share of such margin call, and in the event that one or more co-investors decline to do so, the Fund is expected to be liable for such amounts. Because margin calls are most likely to occur at times when the underlying investment has declined in value, the likelihood that co-investors elect not to fund their share of such margin call is greater than in the case of ordinary course follow-on investments, and the Fund’s exposure to further decreases in value of the related investment may be higher as a result. Similar risks and potential adverse results will be present where the Fund co-invests alongside other TPG funds and the relevant portfolio company requires additional capital, and such other TPG funds have insufficient capital to participate in a follow-on investment, or an option on whether to participate.
Portfolio Company Leverage. TPG anticipates that certain portfolio companies will be leveraged and will likely not provide the Fund with any significant cash distributions until the underlying property is sold or refinanced. The Fund will likely not make significant cash distributions to investors from such investments other than in connection with the liquidation of such investments. The leveraged capital structure of a portfolio company may increase the exposure of the Fund’s investments to any deterioration in a portfolio company’s condition or industry, competitive pressures, an adverse economic environment or rising interest rates and could accelerate and magnify declines in the value of the Fund’s investments in a leveraged company in a down market. If a portfolio company cannot generate adequate cash flow to meet debt obligations, the portfolio company may default on its loan agreements or be forced into bankruptcy resulting in a restructuring of the portfolio company’s capital structure or liquidation of the company and the Fund may suffer a partial or total loss of invested capital. Furthermore, to the extent portfolio companies in which the Fund has invested become insolvent the Fund may determine, in cooperation with other debt holders or on its own, to engage, at the Fund’s expense in whole or in part, counsel and other advisers in connection therewith, which expense may be substantial.
Guarantees. The Fund may enter into guarantees or other forms of surety for third-party indebtedness for borrowed money (including obligations of entities established by the Fund for the purpose of facilitating portfolio company access to financing). In these circumstances, the creditor typically would have recourse to the Fund to satisfy the guaranteed obligations, which could materially impact the Fund’s financial condition.
Market Risks
Market Conditions and Financial Market Fluctuations. As described more fully below, market and economic conditions throughout the world will materially affect the Fund’s investments. These conditions include but are not limited to:
interest rates;
availability and terms of credit;
credit defaults;
inflation rates;
economic uncertainty;
changes in laws;
regulatory interventions and changes in regulations;
changes in fiscal and monetary policies;
trade barriers;
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commodity prices;
currency exchange rates and controls; and
national and international political, environmental and socioeconomic circumstances, including the risks of war, pandemics and the effects of terrorist attacks.
TPG’s view on these matters may prove to be incorrect, in which case the Fund’s investments may perform worse than anticipated. Difficult market conditions also adversely affect the Fund and its returns by reducing the value or performance of its investments or by reducing its ability to raise or deploy capital. Investments made by the Fund involve a high degree of business and financial risk that can result in substantial losses. Consumer, corporate and financial confidence could be adversely affected by current or future tensions around the world (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Global Conflicts”), fear of terrorist activity and/or military conflicts, localized or global financial crises or other sources of political, social or economic disturbance or unrest. Such uncertainty could have an adverse effect upon the Fund’s portfolio companies. Investors should not invest unless they can readily bear the consequences of partial or total loss of capital.
Risks of Pandemics. The spread of infectious disease, together with any resulting travel restrictions or quarantines, could have a significant negative impact on the economy and the Fund’s and its portfolio companies’ business activities. In turn, this would adversely affect the Fund’s performance. Examples include the outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Asia in 2003, avian influenza, or “bird flu,” in Asia in 2004 and 2005 and Influenza A more recently. There can be no assurance that any precautionary measures taken against infectious disease would be effective.
Most recently, the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) began spreading globally in early 2020. The global outbreak of COVID-19 and the measures governmental agencies and the private sector have taken to contain it, including business closures, limitations on public gatherings, travel restrictions and quarantines, have significantly disrupted the global economy and caused severe market dislocation and volatility. While TPG cannot accurately forecast COVID-19’s ultimate impact at this time, TPG expects it will continue to have a profound and lasting effect on TPG funds and their portfolio companies and its ability to manage the Fund’s portfolio and pursue Fund investments. In addition, COVID-19 and corresponding containment efforts will impair, potentially for an extended period of time, its ability to monitor and manage portfolio companies as well as source investments to execute the Fund’s investment strategies. COVID-19 and corresponding containment efforts may also lead to increased demands on the products and services of portfolio companies and disruption or failures in the network infrastructure of portfolio companies and third-party services portfolio companies receive, including from supply chain disruptions.
In addition, the rapid and broad-based shift to a remote working environment creates inherent productivity, connectivity and oversight challenges. Governmental restrictions have been globally inconsistent including in respect of a permanent return to worksite locations on a full-time basis. In response to the spread of COVID-19, many businesses, including TPG, encouraged or mandated that their personnel work from home in an effort to help slow the spread of the pandemic, and such circumstances continue to persist in certain instances. To the extent TPG’s personnel, as a result of working remotely, rely more heavily on external sources for information and technology systems for their business-related communications and information sharing, TPG’s business will be more vulnerable to cybersecurity incidents and cyberattacks, and other weaknesses in TPG’s operational and control environment, and could have more difficulty resuming normal operations in the event it is the target of such incident or attack, or otherwise suffers a breakdown of operations or control. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Cybersecurity Risk” for additional discussion of cybersecurity. Given the extraordinary nature of COVID-19 and its inherent unpredictability, it may take years to understand the full scope of its ramifications. Future outbreaks of infectious disease or any other serious public health concern could have a similar material adverse impact on the Fund and its portfolio companies.
Changes in the Political Environment of the United Kingdom and Europe. The United Kingdom left the European Union on January 31, 2020 (commonly referred to as “Brexit”). During an 11-month transition period, the United Kingdom and the European Union agreed to a Trade and Cooperation Agreement which sets out the
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agreement for certain parts of the future relationship between the European Union and the United Kingdom from January 1, 2021. The Trade and Cooperation Agreement does not provide the United Kingdom with the same level of rights or access to all goods and services in the European Union as the United Kingdom previously maintained as a member of the European Union and during the transition period. In particular the Trade and Cooperation Agreement does not include an agreement on financial services, which is yet to be agreed. Accordingly, uncertainty remains in certain areas as to the future relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union.
While European Union laws ceased to apply in the United Kingdom from January 1, 2021, many European Union laws have been “onshored” into United Kingdom law. However, the United Kingdom government has started a broad program of financial services law reform. On June 29, 2023, the Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 passed into United Kingdom law, allowing for specified onshored European Union financial services legislation to be repealed and replaced by legislation and rules made by the United Kingdom Government and the financial services regulators. The United Kingdom Government and the financial services regulators are currently consulting on the new legislation and rules to replace the onshored European Union financial services legislation, which may result in changes to the United Kingdom’s legislative and regulatory framework and divergence with European Union financial services legislation that materially impact investors. Additionally, on June 27, 2023, the United Kingdom and European Union signed a Memorandum of Understanding (“MoU”) on financial services, which establishes a forum for regulatory cooperation based on shared objectives but does not re-instate the pre-Brexit rights and freedoms that United Kingdom financial services firms had in the European Union or that European Union financial services firms had in the United Kingdom.
Although one cannot predict the full effect of Brexit, it has already had a significant adverse impact on the United Kingdom, European and global macroeconomic conditions and could continue to cause prolonged political, legal, regulatory, tax and economic uncertainty. This uncertainty is likely to continue to impact the global economic climate and may impact opportunities, pricing, availability and cost of bank financing, regulation, values or exit opportunities of companies or assets based, doing business, or having service or other significant relationships in, the United Kingdom or the European Union, including companies or assets held or considered for prospective investment by the Fund.
Trade Policy. Political leaders in the U.S. and certain European nations have in the past been elected on protectionist platforms, fueling doubts about the future of global free trade. For example, the U.S. government has indicated its intent to alter its approach to international trade policy and in some cases to renegotiate, or potentially terminate, certain existing bilateral or multi-lateral trade agreements and treaties with non-U.S. countries. In addition, the U.S. government has imposed tariffs on certain non-U.S. goods, including steel and aluminum and has indicated a willingness to impose tariffs on imports of other products. Some non-U.S. governments, including China, have instituted retaliatory tariffs on certain U.S. goods and have indicated a willingness to impose additional tariffs on U.S. products. Governments of other countries have introduced, or may in the future introduce, protectionist and other similar trade policies that could adversely affect free trade. Global trade disruption, significant introductions of trade barriers and bilateral trade frictions, together with any resulting future downturns in the global economy, could adversely affect the financial performance of the Fund and its investments.
Recently, there have been a number of developments and events that have increased tensions between the U.S. and China, including in respect of trade policies, technology transfers, human rights, the status of Taiwan, sanctions and countersanctions and the handling of the COVID-19 outbreak. The Biden administration has maintained the tariffs on Chinese goods and most of the sanctions that were implemented during the Trump administration, and the relationship between the countries remains complex. Also, in August 2020, the trade talks between China and the U.S. were postponed. Although there have been certain water-testing talks between high-level leaders from the Chinese and U.S. governments on the bilateral trade relationship since October 2021, the timeline to resume formal trade talks is subject to great uncertainties and there is no guarantee that all the outstanding trade issues can be settled through such talks. In the meantime, the Chinese and U.S. governments may continue to impose additional tariffs and other restrictions on goods, services and/or technologies from each other in the near future. These developments and any future actions by the U.S. or China arising from or contributing to the further deterioration of relations between the U.S. and China could result in significant disruption in regional and
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global markets and could have material adverse consequences on the investments of the Fund, including on portfolio companies that could be affected or targeted by any sanctions or other regulatory actions.
In addition, these policies are likely to change as a result of political developments in the U.S. and China, as well as globally. Further, trade disputes may develop between other countries, which may have similar or more pronounced risks and consequences for the Fund or its investments.
Eurozone Risks. The Fund may undertake or expect to undertake Investments in countries within the European Union (“EU”), a significant number of which use the euro as their national currency (such countries, the “Eurozone”). During the economic downturn that started in 2007, the stability of certain European financial markets deteriorated and expectations centered on potential defaults by sovereign states in Europe. There is a risk that in the future certain member states of the Eurozone default, or expectations of such a default increase, which may lead to the collapse of the Eurozone as it is constituted today or that certain member states of the Eurozone may cease to use the euro as their national currency. Given the interdependence of the global economy, this could have an adverse effect on the performance of Investments both in countries that experience the default and in other countries within the EU and/or the Eurozone, as well as other countries globally in which the Fund holds Investments. A potential primary effect would be an immediate reduction of liquidity for particular Investments in the affected countries, thereby impairing the value of such Investments. Further, a deteriorating economic environment caused directly or indirectly by such a default or related expectations could have a direct effect on the general economic environment and the private equity market in particular.
Interest Rate Risks. The Fund will have exposure to interest rate risks, meaning that changes in prevailing interest rates could negatively affect the Fund. Over any defined period of time, the Fund’s interest-bearing assets may be more sensitive to changes in market interest rates than the Fund’s interest-earning liabilities, or vice versa. Factors that may affect market interest rates include, without limitation:
inflation;
slow or stagnant economic growth or recession;
unemployment;
money supply and the monetary policies of the Board of Governors of the U.S. Federal Reserve System;
international disorders; and
instability in domestic and non-U.S. financial markets.
Changes in interest rates will affect the value of investments in fixed-income securities. When interest rates rise, the value of existing investments in fixed-income securities tends to fall. When interest rates decline, interest earned on investments in fixed-income securities may decline, but the value of those securities may increase. Interest rate risk is generally greater for fixed-income securities with longer maturities or durations.
TPG expects to periodically experience imbalances in the interest rate sensitivities of the Fund’s assets and liabilities and the relationships of various interest rates to each other. In a changing interest rate environment, TPG may not be able to manage this risk effectively. There can be no guarantee that the Management Company will be successful in fully mitigating the impact of interest rate changes, and declines in market value may ultimately reduce earnings or result in losses to the Fund. Failure to manage interest rate risk effectively could adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
Inflation. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have recently had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and financial markets (including securities markets) of various countries, including those with emerging economies. In an attempt to stabilize inflation, certain countries have imposed wage
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and price controls at times and certain central banks have raised interest rates. Governmental efforts to curb inflation often have negative effects on the level of economic activity. It remains uncertain whether substantial inflation in the United States and other developed economies will be sustained over an extended period of time or have a significant effect on the United States or other economies. In addition, there is significant concern in macroeconomic terms about the general levels of indebtedness carried by certain governments. While bringing with it a range of issues, one of the consequences of an extended period of a higher than desired level of inflation is often to erode in real terms the value of government debt in a manner that reduces the economic cost in real terms of their payment obligations on such debt. This element of debt erosion may create an incentive for governments to be less robust in seeking to deal with inflation than might otherwise have been the case had the government concerned not suffered from a high level of indebtedness. If such inflation occurs, it would have the negative consequences for the Fund set out above.
Further financial crises may result in additional governmental intervention in the markets. In addition, the consequences of the extensive changes to the regulation of various markets and market participants contemplated by the legislation and increased regulation arising out of the financial crisis are difficult to predict or measure with certainty. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that a higher rate of inflation will not have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s investments.
Financial Institution Risk; Distress Events. An investment in the Fund is subject to the risk that one or more banks, brokers, hedging counterparties, lenders, custodians or other companies in the financial services industry (each, a “Financial Institution”) used by the Fund or a portfolio company fail to timely perform or otherwise default on their obligations or experience insolvency, closure, illiquidity, seizure, receivership or other financial distress or difficulty, similar to that experienced by Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank in March 2023 and First Republic Bank in April 2023 (each, a “Distress Event”). Distress Events can be caused by factors including eroding market sentiment, significant withdrawals, fraud, malfeasance, poor performance, undercapitalization, market forces or accounting irregularities. Although assets held by regulated Financial Institutions in the United States frequently are insured up to stated balance amounts by organizations such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, in the case of banks, and the Securities Investor Protection Corporation, in the case of certain broker-dealers, amounts in excess of the relevant insurance are subject to risk of total loss, and any non-U.S. Financial Institutions that are not subject to similar regimes pose increased risk of loss. In such instances, it is possible that the Fund and its affected portfolio companies would not recover such excess, uninsured amounts and instead, would only have an unsecured claim against the Financial Institution and participate pro rata with other unsecured creditors in the residual value of the Financial Institution’s assets. The loss of amounts maintained with a Financial Institution or the inability to access such amounts for a period of time, even if ultimately recovered, could be materially adverse to the Fund or its portfolio companies.   While in recent years governmental intervention has often resulted in additional protections for depositors and counterparties in connection with Distress Events such as providing access to uninsured deposits in a timely manner and chartering bridge banks for banks experiencing a Distress Event to continue performing under prior obligations (including credit agreements and letters of credit), there can be no assurance that any intervention will occur in a future Distress Event or that any intervention undertaken will be successful or avoid the risks of loss, substantial delays or negative impact on banking or brokerage conditions or markets. These recent developments may also have other implications for broader economic and monetary policy, including interest rate policy.
Any Distress Event (or concerns among market participants of such a Distress Event) may lead to market-wide liquidity problems that could adversely affect the General Partner’s ability to manage the Fund and its investments, and the ability of the General Partner, the Fund and any portfolio company to access cash and cash equivalents in amounts adequate to finance and maintain its operations, which in each case could result in operational burdens, significant losses and in unconsummated investment acquisitions and dispositions. Such losses could include: a loss of funds; an obligation to pay fees and expenses in the event the Fund is not able to close a transaction (whether due to the inability to draw capital on a credit line provided by a Financial Institution experiencing a Distress Event, the inability of the Fund to access capital contributions or otherwise); the inability of the Fund to acquire or dispose of investments, or acquire or dispose of such investments at prices that the General Partner believes reflect the fair value of such investments; and the inability of portfolio companies to make payroll, fulfill obligations or maintain operations. If a Distress Event leads to a loss of access to a Financial Institution’s
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services, it is also possible that the Fund or a portfolio company will incur additional expenses or delays in putting in place alternative arrangements or that such alternative arrangements will be less favorable than those formerly in place (with respect to economic terms, service levels, access to capital, or otherwise). Although the General Partner expects to exercise contractual remedies under agreements with Financial Institutions in the event of a Distress Event, there can be no assurance that such remedies will be successful or avoid losses, delays or other negative impacts. The Fund and its portfolio companies are subject to similar risks if a Financial Institution utilized by investors in the Fund or by suppliers, vendors, service providers or other counterparties of the Fund or a portfolio company becomes subject to a Distress Event, which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund. In addition, investor concerns regarding the U.S. or international financial systems could result in less favorable commercial financing terms, including higher interest rates or costs and tighter financial and operating covenants, or systemic limitations on access to credit and liquidity sources, thereby making it more difficult to acquire financing on acceptable terms or at all. Any decline in available funding or access to cash and liquidity resources could adversely impact the Fund and its investments.
Many Financial Institutions require, as a condition to using their services (including lending services), that the General Partner and/or the Fund maintain all or a set amount or percentage of their respective accounts or assets with the Financial Institution, which heightens the risks associated with a Distress Event with respect to such Financial Institutions. Although the General Partner seeks to do business with Financial Institutions that it believes are creditworthy and capable of fulfilling their respective obligations to the Fund, the General Partner is under no obligation to use a minimum number of Financial Institutions with respect to the Fund or to maintain account balances at or below the relevant insured amounts.
Interdependence of Securities Markets. The market and the economy of a particular country in which the Fund invests are influenced to varying degrees by economic and market conditions in other countries in the same region or globally. Investors’ reactions to developments in one country can have adverse effects on the securities of companies and the value of property and related assets in other countries in which the Fund invests. Economic problems in a single country are increasingly affecting other markets and economies, which could result in problems in one country significantly adversely affecting regional and even global economic conditions and markets. A significant adverse change in the economy of one country, or a loss of investor confidence in the financial systems of emerging and other markets generally, could cause increased volatility in the economies and financial markets of such country and countries throughout the region and, as a result, have an adverse effect on the investments of the Fund. Prospective investors should note that the actual market conditions, outlook and opportunities (and returns on investments) in any single country may vary significantly from the descriptions contained herein regarding market conditions, outlook and opportunities (and returns on investments) generally.
The economic performance of the Fund’s portfolio companies could be adversely affected by any global economic downturn and by any worsening of the economic conditions in global economies.
Commodity Prices. Prices for oil and natural gas and other commodities that the Fund may be exposed to are subject to large fluctuations in response to relatively minor changes in the supply of and demand for such commodities, market uncertainty and a variety of additional factors beyond the Fund’s control. These factors include, but are not limited to, weather conditions, the condition of the global economy, political stability in the Middle East and elsewhere, terrorist acts, the foreign and domestic supplies of oil and natural gas, the price and level of foreign oil imports, the price, availability and acceptance of alternate fuel sources, the availability of pipeline capacity, transportation interruption, domestic and foreign governmental regulations, price controls and taxes, domestic and foreign environmental laws and regulations, the level of consumer demand and the overall economic environment, including interest rates, levels of economic activity, the price of securities and the participation by other investors in the financial markets.
Volatility of Credit Markets May Affect Ability to Finance and Consummate Investments. The volatility of the global credit markets could make it more difficult to obtain favorable financing or re-financing for the Fund’s investments. During periods of volatility, which often occur during economic downturns, generally credit spreads widen, volatility of the global debt markets becomes extreme, interest rates rise and investor demand for high-yield debt declines. These trends result in reduced willingness by investment banks and other lenders to finance or
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refinance new private equity investments and could lead to a deterioration in available terms. The Fund’s ability to generate attractive investment returns for its Limited Partners will be adversely affected to the extent the Fund is unable to obtain favorable financing. Moreover, to the extent that such marketplace events are not temporary, they could have an adverse impact on the availability of credit to businesses generally and could lead to an overall weakening of the economy, which could restrict the ability of the Fund to sell or liquidate its investments at favorable times or for favorable prices or otherwise may have an adverse impact on the business and operations of the Fund.
Global Conflicts. The Fund’s investment strategy permits the Fund to invest in companies that are domiciled or have significant operations globally, including in Europe and Israel, and any ongoing or future armed conflicts could negatively impact the Fund’s portfolio companies (if any) and/or their personnel or operations in those conflict zones or the regional or global economy, which could adversely affect the performance of some or all of the Fund’s investments. For example, on February 24, 2022, the Russian military commenced a full-scale invasion of Russia’s forces into Ukraine. In response, the United States, United Kingdom, the EU and other countries imposed sanctions designed to target the Russian financial system. Further sanctions may be forthcoming, and the United States, the EU and other allied countries have taken steps to prevent certain Russian banks from accessing international payment systems. Russia’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine, the resulting displacement of persons both within Ukraine and to neighboring countries, the impact of the ongoing war on supply chains and businesses in the region and the increasing international sanctions could have a negative impact on the economy and business activity in Europe and globally. More recently, on October 7, 2023, Hamas conducted a series of attacks on Israeli civilian and military targets. In response, Israel declared war against Hamas and commenced military operations in the region targeting Hamas. This conflict may escalate further throughout the region and could have a negative impact on the Fund’s portfolio companies (if any) and/or their personnel or operations in the conflict zone or on the economy and business activity in Israel, the Middle East and globally. Given the ongoing and evolving nature of these conflicts, and the possibility that such conflicts could lead to broader regional unrest or combat activity, potentially in an unpredictable and rapidly escalating manner, it is difficult to predict the ultimate impact of such conflicts on the Fund’s portfolio companies and/or their personnel or operations or on global economic and market conditions, and, as a result, situations like these present material uncertainty and risk with respect to the Fund and the performance of its investments or operations, and the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objectives.
Risks Related to the Fund’s Investments and Certain Investment Strategies
General
Illiquidity; Market for Fund Investments. There will be limited or no public market for the Fund’s investments in privately held entities (including Underlying Funds), and the Fund’s ability to dispose of any asset or investment will in many cases be further limited by the agreements the Fund enters into in connection with its investments. The Fund’s ability to sell or distribute investments and to realize investment gains will depend, in large part, upon favorable market conditions, including receptiveness to initial public offerings for the Fund’s portfolio companies and an active mergers and acquisitions market. Initial public offering and merger and acquisition opportunities may be limited or non-existent for extended periods of time, whether due to economic, regulatory or other factors. In addition, private equity opportunities frequently entail larger-sized investments, which involve additional risks and are typically more difficult to finance and exit. In view of these limitations on liquidity, which are illustrative and not exhaustive, the Fund will generally be unable to realize an investment in a privately held entity until the initial public offering or sale of such entity. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to dispose of its assets or investments at the price and at the time it wishes to do so. Furthermore, this illiquidity could continue even if the underlying entities obtain listings on securities exchanges.
In addition, the Fund could face other restrictions on its ability to liquidate an investment in a portfolio company to the extent that it holds a significant portion of such company’s instruments or if it or an affiliate holds material non-public information regarding that company. The sale of restricted and illiquid assets often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than does the sale of securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) markets. In view of these limitations on liquidity, which are illustrative and not exhaustive, the Fund will generally not be able
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to realize on an investment in a privately held entity until the initial public offering or sale of such entity. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to dispose of its investments at the price and at the time it wishes to do so. It is generally expected that investments will not be disposed of for a number of years after the initial investment. Prior to such time, there will generally be no current return on the investment.
Different Levels of the Capital Structure. The holders of classes of assets that differ from the class of assets owned by the Fund may control the exercise of remedies in connection with such assets. Such exercise of remedies by a holder of a different class of assets may be in conflict with the interests of the Fund. Other TPG funds may own classes of assets which are more senior or more subordinate than certain of the assets owned by the Fund which may result in certain conflicts of interest. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Investing in Different Levels of the Capital Structure” for more information.
Structured Securities. The Fund’s portfolio may include investments in structured securities, which may take the form of complex convertible instruments that pay a fixed income stream and offer a liquidity preference prior to conversion. For more information on convertible instruments, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Convertible Securities.”
Investing in structured securities entails various risks, including credit risks, liquidity risks, interest rate risks, market risks, operations risks, structural risks, basis risks and legal risks. Structured securities are subject to the significant credit risks inherent in the underlying collateral and to the risk that the underlying company may fail to perform. Such securities may include credit enhancements or other upside protections designed to raise the overall credit quality of the security above that of the underlying collateral, but these credit enhancements or upside protections may fail to protect from a loss of capital.
TPG expects that some structured securities the Fund may hold may be subordinate in right of payment and rank junior to other securities that are secured by or represent an ownership interest in the same portfolio company. In addition, many of the related transactions have structural features that divert payments of interest and/or principal to more senior classes when the delinquency or loss experience of the underlying company exceeds certain levels. Consequently, such securities have a higher risk of loss as a result of delinquencies or losses relating to the underlying assets. In certain circumstances, payments of interest may be reduced or eliminated for one or more payment dates. Additionally, as a result of cash flow being diverted to payments of principal of more senior classes, the average life of such securities may lengthen.
Structured securities are also subject to the risks of the securities underlying the structured opportunity, in particular those related to the quality of the underlying securities. Deficiencies in company management or company operations may negatively affect the value of the underlying securities, including by resulting in lower-than-expected returns or the inability of the company to effectively pursue a public exit strategy.
Junior Securities. The Fund may invest in companies that have already received one or more rounds of financing. The securities in which the Fund may invest in these instances may be among the most junior in a portfolio company’s capital structure and thus subject the Fund to a greater risk of losing all or part of its invested capital. There will often be no collateral to protect the Fund’s investment in such securities once made.
Non-Controlling Investments. The Fund may hold a minority of the outstanding voting interests of a portfolio company and may hold investments in derivatives, debt instruments or other securities that do not entitle the Fund to voting rights, and therefore, may have a limited ability to protect its investment in any such portfolio company. If appropriate given the Fund’s ownership stake, the Fund may negotiate representation on the board of directors or similar body of a portfolio company or other minority shareholder and supervisory rights to protect the Fund’s investment. However, there can be no assurance that these measures will give the Fund the influence it would need to protect its investment. As a result, the Fund will be subject to the risk that a portfolio company it does not control, or in which it does not have a majority ownership position, may make decisions with which it disagrees, and the equity holders and management of such a portfolio company may take risks or otherwise act in ways that are adverse to the Fund’s interests. If the Fund lacks the necessary liquidity in such portfolio company,
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the Fund may not be able to dispose of its investments in the event that it disagrees with the actions of such portfolio company, and may therefore suffer a decrease in the value of its investment.
In certain circumstances, the extent to which the Fund will be able to influence or control the management or operation of a company, or exercise influence or control within an investment in such company, in each case if at all, will depend on a number of factors including the extent to which the Fund is aligned and able to cooperate with other investors in such company or investment, including third-party investors that could otherwise be competitors of the Fund. Such third-party investors could hold interests in different parts of such company’s capital structure or other investments that could be related directly or indirectly to such interests, which could result in a conflict of interest between the Fund and such third parties.
Multi-Step Acquisitions. In the event the Fund chooses to effect a transaction by means of a multi-step acquisition (such as a first-step cash tender offer or stock purchase followed by a merger), there can be no assurance that the remainder can be successfully acquired. This could result in the Fund having only partial control over the investment or partial access to its cash flow to service debt incurred in connection with the acquisition.
Convertible Securities. The Fund may invest in convertible securities. Convertible securities include bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stock or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a specified amount of equity securities of the same or different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles its holder to receive interest that is generally paid or accrued on debt or a dividend that is paid or accrued on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged.
The investment value of a convertible security is subject to, among others, credit risk, the risk of shifts in the market price of the underlying securities and changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. For instance, adverse or unexpected shifts in interest rates, particularly near the time when the Fund aims to exit any investment in convertible securities, may affect the value of the Fund’s investments. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors may also have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value. The conversion value of a convertible security is determined by the market price of the underlying equity securities. To the extent the value of the underlying equity securities approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security will be increasingly influenced by its conversion value. A convertible security generally will sell at a premium over its conversion value by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying equity securities while holding a fixed-income security. Generally, the amount of the premium decreases as the convertible security approaches maturity. The value of the underlying security may be volatile and may be impacted by a variety of business, industry, economic, legal and other factors.
A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security, convert it into the underlying common stock or sell it to a third party. Issuers may have an incentive to call convertible securities for redemption when conditions are not advantageous to the Fund, including when the value of the underlying securities is relatively low.
Non-U.S. Investments. The Fund will likely make investments outside of the United States, including in certain developing non-U.S. markets. Investments in the securities of non-U.S. issuers may be restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These investments require consideration of risks typically not associated with investing in U.S. securities or property, including, among other things,
trade balances and imbalances and related economic policies;
potential price volatility in, and relative illiquidity of, some non-U.S. securities markets;
unfavorable currency exchange rate fluctuations;
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imposition of exchange control regulation by the U.S. or non-U.S. governments;
U.S., non-U.S. or other withholding taxes;
limitations on the removal of funds or other assets;
policies of governments with respect to possible nationalization of their industries;
political difficulties, including expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation and economic or political instability in non-U.S. nations; and
differing and potentially less well developed or well tested corporate and intellectual property laws, including those regarding stakeholder rights, creditors’ rights (including the rights of secured parties), fiduciary duties, investor protections and intellectual property owner protections.
Laws and regulations of non-U.S. countries may impose restrictions that would not exist in the United States and may require financing and structuring alternatives that differ significantly from those customarily used in the United States. There is generally less publicly available information about non-U.S. companies than would be the case for comparable companies in the United States, and certain non-U.S. companies are not subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to, or as uniform as, those of U.S. companies. Some countries require governmental approval prior to investments by non-U.S. persons, limit the amount of investment by non-U.S. persons in a particular company or restrict investment by non-U.S. persons to a specific class of securities of a company that have less advantageous terms than the classes available for purchase by nationals. Certain countries require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by non-U.S. investors. Delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital or earnings, as well as the application to the Fund of restrictions on investments, could adversely affect the Fund. In addition, because the Fund’s investments in other countries will likely be denominated in the currencies of such countries, a change in the value of these currencies against the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in the U.S. dollar value of the Fund’s assets denominated in those currencies.
Developing or Emerging Market Countries. The Fund may make investments in developing or emerging market countries, which could be more volatile and the costs and risks associated with investments in them are generally higher than for investments in other countries. Investments in developing or emerging market countries are often subject to more substantial risks in political and macro-economic conditions, such as significant currency fluctuations, interest rate volatility, stock market volatility, changes in governmental controls over the economy and high rates of inflation and risks associated with limited liquidity, high concentration of investors, issuers and financial intermediaries in such markets, political affairs, judicial independence, corporate governance, political corruption, changes in rules and regulations and interpretation of them, any of which could contribute to a decline in business and consumer spending in addition to other adverse market conditions. Many developing or emerging market countries have experienced these problems in the past. TPG cannot assure that a recurrence of such problems will not have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s investments or will not make it more difficult for the Fund to identify appropriate investment opportunities.
Moreover, the economies of developing or emerging market countries generally are more heavily dependent upon international trade than developed market countries and, accordingly, have been, and could continue to be, adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. Expropriation, confiscatory taxation, nationalization, political, economic or social instability or other developments could adversely affect the assets of the Fund held in particular developing or emerging market countries.
Laws and legal standards in many developing market countries differ from those in the United States. The general trend of legislation in certain countries has improved the legal climate for business, including by enhancing somewhat the protection afforded foreign investment. This positive trend in economic legislation, however, may slow, cease or reverse, particularly in the event of a change in leadership, social disruption, or other circumstances.
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In addition, many developing market countries do not have well-developed shareholder rights and provide inadequate legal remedies for breaches of contract (e.g., a shareholder agreement). The Fund’s ability to bring suit against a developing market entity in which the Fund invests, or such entity’s directors, executive officers or shareholders, may be limited. Such entities are likely organized under the laws of countries other than the United States, their directors and officers likely reside outside of the United States, and substantially all of their assets may be located outside of the United States. As a result, the Fund will likely be unable to effect service of process within the United States upon such entities or their directors and officers. Even where an entity is successfully sued in the United States, enforcement of the judgment in certain jurisdictions may be difficult or impossible. Limited or inadequate legal protection could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s investments.
Privatization. The Fund may invest in state-owned enterprises or assets that have been or will be transferred from government to private ownership. There can be no assurance that any privatizations will be undertaken or, if undertaken, will be successfully completed or completed on favorable terms. There can also be no assurance that, if a privatization is undertaken on a private placement basis, the Fund will have the opportunity to participate in the investing consortium. Furthermore, if the Fund has the opportunity to participate in a privatization, it is possible the privatization could be re-examined subsequently by local or international regulatory bodies, exposing the Fund to criticism or investigation. Limited Partners should be aware that changes in governments or economic factors could result in a change in a country’s policies on privatization. Should these policies change in the future, it is possible that governments may determine to return projects and companies to state ownership.
Hong Kong National Security Law. The Chinese government has continued to increase its control over the historically autonomous administrative region of Hong Kong. In June 2019, protests began in connection with an amendment to Hong Kong’s extradition law and continued with increased size and intensity through the end of 2019 and into 2020. These protests resulted in disruptions to businesses in major business and tourist areas of Hong Kong and pushed Hong Kong’s economy into a recession for the first time since the global financial crisis in 2008. While the protests have generally ceased as of 2021, there is no guarantee that the protests will not resume in the future. On June 30, 2020, the National People’s Congress of China passed a national security law (the “National Security Law”), which criminalizes certain offenses including secession, subversion of the Chinese government, terrorism and collusion with foreign entities. The National Security Law also applies to non-permanent residents. Since 2021, several persons have been arrested, charged and/or sentenced under the National Security Law. Although the extra-territorial reach of the National Security Law remains unclear, there is a risk that the application of the National Security Law to conduct outside Hong Kong by nonpermanent residents of Hong Kong could limit the activities of or negatively affect TPG, the Fund or its portfolio companies.
The National Security Law has been condemned by the United States, the UK and several EU countries. On July 14, 2020, the Hong Kong Autonomy Act was signed into law, which introduces sanctions on foreign persons who have “materially contributed” to the Chinese government’s recent actions in Hong Kong as well as on certain foreign financial institutions. Simultaneously, an executive order was issued declaring a national emergency with respect to the threat posed by the Chinese government’s actions in Hong Kong, formally suspending or eliminating any differential treatment of Hong Kong under U.S. law, including export control law, and authorizing sanctions on persons determined to be engaged in a broad array of anti-democratic or repressive activity. The United States has also imposed sanctions on senior Chinese officials and certain employees of Chinese technology companies that it believes have contributed to the Chinese government’s activities in Hong Kong, adding a number of new Chinese companies to the Department of Commerce’s Entity List. In mid-July 2020, the United Kingdom also suspended its extradition treaty with Hong Kong and extended its arms embargo on China to Hong Kong. Escalation of tensions resulting from the National Security Law and the response of the international community, including conflict between China and other countries like the United States and United Kingdom, protests and other government measures, as well as other economic, social or political unrest in the future, could adversely impact the security and stability of the region and may have a material adverse effect on countries in which TPG, the Fund, its portfolio companies or any of their respective personnel or assets are located. The introduction of retaliatory measures by governments, including any possible response by the Chinese government, could result in a deterioration in bilateral relationships and raise questions about Hong Kong’s future as an international financial center. In addition, any downturn in Hong Kong’s economy could adversely affect the financial performance of the Fund or could have a significant impact on the industries in which the Fund participates, and may adversely affect
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the operations of TPG, the Fund and its portfolio companies, including the retention of investment professionals located in Hong Kong.
In addition to the National Security Law, there have been a series of other developments related to the political, regulatory and legal environment, including the disqualification of pro-democracy election candidates and overhaul of the Hong Kong electoral system, the expulsion of opposition members from the Hong Kong legislature without trial, the implementation of national security education in schools, and the passing of an immigration bill which potentially grants authorities unfettered authority to ban persons from entering and leaving Hong Kong. These developments could potentially threaten Hong Kong’s global standing as an international financial and business hub.
Chinese Growth Slowdown; Chinese Economy. China is the world’s largest economy (measured based on purchasing power parity), and the largest trading partner for many countries in the Asia Pacific region, including Australia and Korea. The Chinese government has in recent years implemented a number of measures to control the rate of economic growth, including by raising interest rates and adjusting deposit reserve ratios for commercial banks, and through other measures designed to tighten credit and liquidity. While the Chinese economy has shown signs of improvement, a slowing of China’s GDP growth rate could have a systemic impact on the global economy.
The Chinese economy differs from the economies of more developed countries in many respects, including the extent of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although the Chinese government has implemented measures since the late 1970s emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets, and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises, a substantial portion of the productive assets in China is still owned by the Chinese government. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The Chinese government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth by allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. In the past, certain measures, including interest rate increases and certain economic reforms, had the effect of slowing down economic growth in China.
Activist Strategy. The Fund may seek to pursue an activist role in effectuating corporate change with respect to an investment in an issuer. The costs in time, resources and capital involved in such activist investments depend on the circumstances, which are only in part within the Fund’s control. The expenses associated with an activist investment strategy, including potential litigation or other transactional costs, will be borne by the Fund. Such expenses may reduce returns or result in losses.
The success of an activist investment strategy may require, among other things: (i) that the Fund properly identify issuers whose equity prices can be improved through corporate and/or strategic action, (ii) that the Fund acquires sufficient shares of the securities of such issuers at a sufficiently attractive price, (iii) a positive response by the management of issuers to shareholder engagement, (iv) a positive response by other shareholders to shareholder activism and the Fund’s proposals and (v) a positive response by the markets to any actions taken by issuers in response to shareholder activism. None of the foregoing can be guaranteed. Securities that the Fund believes are fundamentally undervalued or incorrectly valued may not ultimately be valued in the capital markets at prices and/or within the time frame the Fund anticipates, even if a corporate governance strategy is successfully implemented.
Cash and Other Investments. The Fund may hold interests in investment vehicles that hold cash or cash items. While investments in cash items generally involve relatively low risk levels, they may produce lower than expected returns, and could result in losses. Investments in cash items may also provide less liquidity than anticipated by the Fund at the time of investment.
Money Market Funds. Although money market funds generally seek to preserve the value of an investment at $1.00 per share, investing in money market funds may lose money. A money market fund’s sponsor is not required to reimburse the money market fund for losses. The Fund’s yield will change based on changes in interest rates and other market conditions. There is no guarantee that the Fund will not have a negative yield. The credit quality of a money market fund’s holdings can change rapidly in certain markets, and the default of a single
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holding could have an adverse impact on the money market fund’s share price. A money market fund’s share price can also be negatively affected during periods of high redemption pressures, illiquid markets and/or significant market volatility.
Short-Term Bond Index Funds. Many factors affect a short-term bond index fund’s performance. Developments that disrupt global economies and financial markets, such as pandemics and epidemics, may magnify factors that affect the index fund’s performance. The index fund’s share price and yield change daily based on changes in market conditions and interest rates and in response to other economic, political, or financial developments. The index fund’s reaction to these developments will be affected by the types and maturities of securities in which the index fund invests, the financial condition, industry and economic sector, and geographic location of an issuer, and the index fund’s level of investment in the securities of that issuer. An index fund’s performance can also be affected by debt securities, including money market securities, that have varying levels of sensitivity to changes in interest rates, and many of which are subject to prepayment risk. Furthermore, the performance of the index fund and its index may vary somewhat due to factors such as fees and expenses of the index fund, transaction costs, imperfect correlation between the index fund’s securities and those in its index, timing differences associated with additions to and deletions from its index, and changes in the component securities. An index fund is managed with a passive investment strategy, attempting to track the performance of an unmanaged index of securities, regardless of the current or projected performance of the index fund’s index or of the actual securities included in the index. This differs from an actively managed fund. Unlike individual debt securities, which typically pay principal at maturity, the value of an investment in the index fund will fluctuate. As such, an investment in an index fund may lose money.
Exchange-Traded Funds. Investments in exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) entail certain risks. The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the ETF’s investments. The price and movement of an ETF designed to track an index may not track the index and may result in a loss. In addition, ETFs may trade at a price above (premium) or below (discount) their net asset value, especially during periods of significant market volatility or stress, causing investors to pay significantly more or less than the value of the ETF’s underlying portfolio. Significant losses may result when transacting in ETF shares in these and other circumstances. Due to the costs of buying or selling ETF shares, including brokerage commissions imposed by brokers and the variance in bid-ask spreads, frequent trading of ETF shares may significantly reduce investment results and an investment in ETF shares may not be advisable for investors who anticipate regularly making small investments. Certain ETFs traded on exchanges may be thinly traded and experience large spreads between the “ask” price quoted by a seller and the “bid” price offered by a buyer. In addition, Limited Partners bear both their proportionate share of the Fund’s expenses and similar expenses of the ETFs when the Fund invests in shares of ETFs.
Early-Stage and Late-Stage Companies. The Fund may invest in companies that are in a conceptual or early stage of development. These companies are often characterized by short operating histories, new technologies and products, quickly evolving markets and management teams that may have limited experience working together, all of which enhance the difficulty of evaluating these investment opportunities. The management of these companies will need to implement and maintain successful marketing, finance and other operational strategies in order to become and remain successful. Other substantial operational risks to which these companies are subject include uncertain market acceptance of the company’s products or services, a high degree of regulatory risk for new or untried and/or untested business models, products and services, high levels of competition among similarly situated companies, lower capitalizations and fewer financial resources and the potential for rapid organizational or strategic change. The prices of the securities of companies that are in a conceptual or early stage of development are generally more volatile than prices of the securities of companies with large market capitalizations and the risk of bankruptcy or insolvency of such companies is generally higher than for larger companies. Due to thin trading in securities of many small and micro-cap companies, an investment in these companies may be relatively more illiquid than is the case for larger companies. Any investments in early-stage companies are considered highly speculative and may result in the loss of the Fund’s entire investment in such company.
The Fund may also invest in later-stage companies, which involve different types of risks. These companies typically have obtained capital in the form of debt and/or equity to expand rapidly, reorganize operations,
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acquire a business or develop new products and markets; these activities by definition involve a significant amount of change and could cause significant issues in sales, manufacturing and general management.
Hedging Policies and Risks; Synthetic Investments. In connection with certain investments, the Fund may employ hedging techniques intended to reduce the risks of these investments, including, for example, adverse movements in interest rates, securities prices and currency exchange rates. However, the Fund is not required to employ hedging techniques in connection with its investments and may be unable to anticipate all risks against which it could employ such hedges. In addition, hedging transactions have inherent risks, including the possible default by the counterparty to the transaction and the illiquidity of the instrument the Fund acquires. Although these transactions aim to reduce the Fund’s exposure to, among other things, currency fluctuations or decreases in the value of investments, the costs and risks associated with these arrangements may reduce the returns the Fund would have otherwise achieved had the Fund not entered into these transactions.
In addition, while such hedging transactions generally hedge economic risks, they are not always effective hedges for tax purposes. For example, the tax character of the gain or loss on the hedging transaction may differ from the character of the gain or loss on the investment or the timing of the gain or loss for tax purposes may differ between the hedging transaction and the investment.
Finally, changes to the regulations applicable to the financial instruments the Fund uses to accomplish its hedging strategy, including the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission’s (the “CFTC”) current and new rules on position limits for derivatives, could limit the effectiveness of that strategy or require more onerous reporting.
With respect to any investments in synthetic instruments, the Fund will have a contractual relationship only with the synthetic instrument counterparty and no direct rights with respect to the underlying asset. The Fund may not have any voting, information or other rights of ownership with respect to the underlying asset. In addition, the Fund will be subject to the credit risk of the synthetic instrument counterparty, and, in the event of the insolvency of that counterparty, the Fund generally will be treated as a general creditor of that counterparty and will not have any claim of title with respect to the underlying asset.
Third-Party Involvement. The Fund may co-invest from time to time with third parties through joint ventures or other entities. These investments involve risks in connection with such third-party involvement, including the possibility that a third-party co-investor or co-venturer has financial, legal or regulatory difficulties that negatively affect the investment, has economic or business interests or goals that are inconsistent with those of the Fund or is in a position to take (or block) action in a manner contrary to the Fund’s investment objectives. In addition, the Fund may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of its third-party co-investors or co-venturers. In circumstances in which third parties involve a management group, such third parties may receive compensation relating to the investments, including incentive compensation arrangements or fees based on the value of assets managed that could cause their interests to diverge from those of the Fund.
Risk of Unsuccessful Liquidity Strategy. TPG may choose to pursue a liquidity strategy within or outside the United States. If the Fund fails to execute a liquidity strategy successfully, the Fund may be forced to liquidate its assets on terms less favorable than anticipated and the disposition proceeds from such investments and remaining investments may be adversely affected. Alternatively, the Fund may choose to hold such investments indefinitely.
Additional Capital Requirements of Portfolio Companies. Certain of the Fund’s portfolio companies, especially those in a development phase, require additional financing to satisfy their working capital requirements or acquisition strategies. Following the initial investment in a portfolio company, the Fund will likely, from time to time, be called upon to provide additional capital to, or have the opportunity to increase its investment in, a portfolio company. Although the Fund will sometimes make a follow-on investment, there is no assurance that the Fund will provide all necessary follow-on capital. The amount of additional financing a portfolio company requires will depend upon the maturity and objectives of the particular portfolio company. Each round of financing (whether from the Fund or other investors) is typically intended to provide a portfolio company with enough capital to reach the next major corporate milestone, and the amount of such additional funding will depend upon the maturity and objectives of the portfolio company. If the funds provided are not sufficient, a portfolio company may have to raise
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additional capital at a price unfavorable to the existing investors, including the Fund. The Fund also may make additional debt and/or equity investments or exercise warrants, options or convertible securities it acquired in the initial investment in the portfolio company in order to preserve the Fund’s proportionate ownership when a subsequent financing is planned, or to protect the Fund’s investment when the portfolio company’s performance does not meet expectations. The availability of capital is generally a function of capital market conditions that are beyond the control of the Fund or any portfolio company. There can be no assurance that the Fund or the portfolio company will be able to predict accurately the future capital requirements necessary for success or that additional funds will be available from any source.
Uncertainty of Financial Projections. TPG will generally establish the capital structure of the Fund’s portfolio companies on the basis of financial projections for these companies, which in turn are normally based primarily on management judgments. In all cases, projections are only estimates of future results that rely upon assumptions made at the time that the projections are developed. There can be no assurance that a portfolio company will achieve its projected results, and actual results can vary significantly from the projections. General economic conditions, which are not predictable, can have a material adverse impact on the reliability of projections.
New Technology Risk. As new technologies, services and standards develop, the Fund’s portfolio companies may be placed at a competitive disadvantage, and competitive pressure may force portfolio companies to implement new technologies at a substantial cost. There can be no assurance that portfolio companies will be successful in building or acquiring any such new equipment and other assets or upgrading existing equipment in a timely and cost-effective manner. As a result, new technologies, services or standards could render some of the services, equipment and other assets provided or operated by portfolio companies obsolete, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s investments.
Investments in Publicly Traded Entities
Publicly Traded Securities. From time to time, the Fund may invest in publicly traded securities and hold publicly traded securities following a partial exit from an investment. When investing in publicly traded securities, the Fund may be unable to obtain financial covenants or other contractual rights, including management rights, that it might otherwise be able to obtain in making privately negotiated investments. Moreover, the Fund may not have the same access to information in connection with investments in publicly traded securities, either when investigating a potential investment or after making an investment, as compared to privately negotiated investments. Furthermore, the Fund would be limited in its ability to make investments, and to sell existing investments, in publicly traded securities if the Fund has material, non-public information regarding the issuers of those securities or as a result of other internal policies. The inability to acquire or sell publicly traded securities in these circumstances could materially adversely affect the investment results of the Fund. In addition, the Fund may sell a portfolio company to a public company where the consideration received consists (at least in part) of stock of the public company, which may be subject to lock-up periods. Investments in securities of publicly traded companies may be sensitive to movements in the stock market and trends in the overall economy. In addition, the Fund may hold a significant portion of the publicly traded securities and there is no guarantee that the Fund will be able to dispose of such securities at the price and at the time the Fund wishes to do so. Moreover, the ability of portfolio companies to refinance debt securities may depend on their ability to sell new securities in the public high-yield debt market or otherwise.
Toehold Investments. The Fund may accumulate minority positions in the outstanding voting stock or securities convertible into the voting stock, of potential portfolio companies or may otherwise accumulate positions in debt securities of potential portfolio companies, with the intention of accumulating a sufficient position to enable the Fund to influence the activities of the portfolio companies. While the Fund would typically seek to achieve such accumulation through open market purchases, registered tender offers, negotiated transactions or private placements, it may be unable to accumulate a sufficiently large position in a target company to execute the investment strategy formulated in respect of that company. In such circumstances, the Fund may dispose of its position in the target company within a short time of acquiring it. There can be no assurance that the price at which the Fund can sell such securities will not have declined since the time of acquisition; this may be exacerbated by the fact that
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securities of the target companies may be thinly traded and that the Fund’s position may nevertheless have been substantial and its disposal may depress the market price for such securities.
Debt Investments
Loans. Loans are different from traditional debt securities in that debt securities are part of a large issue of securities to the public and loans and similar debt instruments may not be securities, but could represent a specific commercial loan to a borrower. Loan participations typically represent direct participation, together with other parties, in a loan to a corporate borrower, and generally are offered by banks or other financial institutions or lending syndicates. If the Fund purchases indebtedness and loan participations, it assumes the credit risk associated with the corporate borrower and could assume the credit risk associated with an interposed bank or other financial intermediary. Members of a syndicate in which the Fund participates can have different and sometimes superior rights to the Fund’s. If the Fund invests as a sub-participant in syndicated debt, it could be subject to certain risks as a result of having no direct contractual relationship with the underlying borrower. As a result, the Fund may be dependent on the lender to enforce its rights and obligations under the loan arrangements in the event of a default by the underlying borrower and will generally not have any direct rights against the underlying borrower, any direct rights in the collateral, if any, securing such borrowing, or any right to deal directly with such borrower. The lender will, in general, retain the right to determine whether remedies provided for in the underlying loan arrangement will be exercised, or waived. In the event that the Fund enters into such an arrangement, there can be no assurance that the Fund’s ability to realize upon a participation will not be interrupted or impaired in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of any of the borrower or the lender or that in such circumstances, the Fund will benefit from any set-off between the lender and the borrower. Successful claims by third parties arising from these and other risks could be borne by the Fund.
Further, the Fund may invest in bank loans and participations, These obligations are subject to unique risks, including: (i) the possible invalidation of a loan as a “fraudulent conveyance” under relevant creditors’ rights laws; (ii) so-called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations (as described herein); (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations; (iv) adverse consequences resulting from participating in such instruments with other institutions with lower credit quality; and (v) limitations on the Fund’s ability to enforce its rights directly with respect to participations. Successful claims by third parties can adversely impact the Fund and the Fund’s business and results of operations.
There could be less readily available and reliable information about most bank loans than is the case for many other types of securities, including securities issued in transactions registered under the 1933 Act, or registered under the Exchange Act. As a result, a fund would have to rely primarily on its own evaluation of a borrower’s credit quality rather than on any available independent sources. Therefore, the fund would be particularly dependent on TPG’s analytical abilities in assessing each potential investment.
In general, the secondary trading market for bank loans is not fully developed. No active trading market may exist for certain senior secured loans, which could make it difficult to value them. Illiquidity and adverse market conditions could mean that TPG may not be able to sell senior secured loans quickly or at a fair price. To the extent that a secondary market does exist for certain senior secured loans, the market for them could be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods.
In the past, a number of judicial decisions in the United States have upheld the right of borrowers to sue lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories (collectively termed, “lender liability”). Generally, lender liability is founded upon the premise that an institutional lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith and fair dealing owed to a borrower or has assumed a degree of control over the borrower resulting in a creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or shareholders. Because of the nature of certain of TPG’s business, TPG could be subject to allegations of lender liability.
In addition, under common law principles that in some cases form the basis for lender liability claims, if a lending institution (i) intentionally takes an action that results in the undercapitalization of a borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such borrower, (ii) engages in other inequitable conduct to the detriment of such other
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creditors, (iii) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to, such other creditors or (iv) uses its influence as a shareholder to dominate or control a borrower to the detriment of the other creditors of such borrower, a court may elect to subordinate the claim of the offending lending institution to the claims of the disadvantaged creditor or creditors, a remedy called “equitable subordination.” If the Fund acquires and holds interests in different parts of the capital structure in the same portfolio company (e.g., a combination of debt, preferred shares and/or ordinary shares), it could be subject to claims from creditors of an obligor that the Fund’s interests in debt issued by such obligor should be equitably subordinated.
If the Fund purchases debt instruments of one of its portfolio companies or its affiliates in the secondary market at a discount, (i) a court might require the Fund to disgorge any profit it realizes if the opportunity to purchase such instruments at a discount should have been made available to the obligor thereof or (ii) the Fund might be prevented from enforcing its rights against an obligor if it becomes bankrupt.
Loan Origination. Although it is not currently expected to constitute a significant portion of the Fund’s activities or portfolio, the Fund or subsidiaries thereof (including subsidiaries treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes) may from time to time originate loans consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. In making loans, the Fund will compete with a broad spectrum of lenders, some of which may be willing to lend money on better terms (from a borrower’s standpoint) than the Fund. Increased competition for, or a diminution in the available supply of, qualifying borrowers may result in lower yields on such loans, which could reduce returns to the Fund.
In addition, loan origination involves a number of particular risks, including:
when originating loans, the General Partner will generally have to rely more on its own resources to conduct due diligence of the borrower, which will likely be more limited than the diligence conducted for a broadly syndicated transaction involving an underwriter;
if the Fund engages in loan origination with the intent of selling a portion of, or assigning participations in, such investment to affiliated funds and accounts or third parties, there is no guarantee that such sale or assignment will be successful and the Fund may be forced to hold a greater portion of such investment than intended, which would expose the Fund to the risk of greater losses if such loans decline in value. The Fund’s ability to engage in certain loan originations above a certain size and to structure such loans in a certain way may also depend on its ability to partner with other investors;
loan origination may involve additional regulatory risks given the requirement to hold a license for certain types of lending in some jurisdictions. It is expected that the Fund generally will conduct its activities in such a manner so as not to require any entities associated with the Fund to obtain banking or lending licenses. In the event that the Fund fails to comply with any such regulations, it could result in the imposition of fines, prohibitions on activities or other sanctions that could materially impair the Fund’s ability to carry out loan origination or lead to financial losses of the Fund;
the borrowers for such loans may in some circumstances be higher credit risks who could not obtain debt financing in the syndicated markets;
the Fund may originate loans that allow for voluntary prepayments, and the timing of any such prepayments cannot be predicted with any accuracy. Early payments of loans originated by the Fund could cause the Fund not to achieve its expected returns on such investments, and such prepayments may be made during a period of declining interest rates or otherwise unfavorable market conditions for the Fund;
if the Fund originates loans that are secured by collateral, the value of such collateral can be extremely difficult to predict, and adverse changes in the value of the collateral could materially
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and adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments in such loans, or the amounts it would recover in the event of a borrower’s default; and
the terms of the loans that the Fund originates or in which they otherwise invest may restrict the Fund from bringing an enforcement action against the relevant borrower or issuer until a prescribed period after a default by that borrower or issuer has elapsed. The financial strength of the borrower or issuer may, however, continue to deteriorate during this standstill period, thereby potentially affecting the Fund’s ability to recover all or any of its investment.
Further, the Fund may determine for tax, regulatory or other reasons to limit the number of certain types of investments, such as originated loans, to minimize the risk of adverse tax or other consequences to investors. Such limitations may result in the Fund not participating in otherwise attractive investment opportunities.
“Covenant-lite” Obligations Risk. The Fund may invest in, or obtain exposure to, obligations that may be “covenant-lite,” which means such obligations lack certain financial maintenance covenants. While these loans may still contain other collateral protections, a covenant-lite loan may carry more risk than a covenant-heavy loan made by the same borrower as it does not require the borrower to provide affirmation that certain specific financial tests have been satisfied on a routine basis as is required under a covenant-heavy loan agreement. Should a loan held by the Fund begin to deteriorate in quality, the Fund’s ability to negotiate with the borrower may be delayed under a covenant-lite loan compared to a loan with full maintenance covenants. This may in turn delay the Fund’s ability to seek to recover its investment.
Agency and Treasury Securities. The Fund may acquire debt securities issued or guaranteed by certain U.S. government agencies, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises. Some U.S. government securities, such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds, are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase the agency’s obligations; and still others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. Although U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, may be chartered or sponsored by Congress, they are not funded by Congressional appropriations, and their securities are not issued by the U.S. Treasury or supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government and involve increased credit risks. While some U.S. Government securities are guaranteed as to principal and interest, their market value is not guaranteed. U.S. Government securities are subject to the same interest rate and credit risks as are other debt securities. The U.S. Government’s ability to borrow money or otherwise finance its obligations, including as a result of legislatively imposed limits on the amount of money it may borrow, could cause the values of U.S. Government securities, including those of the U.S. Government’s agencies and instrumentalities and other government-sponsored enterprises, to decline. In addition, certain governmental entities have been subject to regulatory scrutiny regarding their accounting policies and practices and other concerns that may result in legislation, changes in regulatory oversight and/or other consequences that could materially adversely affect the credit quality, availability or character of securities issued by these entities.
Repurchase Agreements. A repurchase agreement is a contractual agreement whereby the seller of a security agrees to repurchase the same security at a specified price on a future date agreed upon by the purchaser (i.e., the Fund) and the seller. The agreed-upon repurchase price determines the yield during the Fund’s holding period. A repurchase agreement is considered to be a loan collateralized by the underlying security that is the subject of the repurchase contract. The risk to the Fund is limited to the ability of the issuer to pay the agreed-upon repurchase price on the delivery date; however, although the value of the underlying collateral at the time the transaction is entered into always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price, if the value of the collateral declines there is a risk of loss of both principal and interest. In the event of default, the collateral may be sold but the Fund might incur a loss if the value of the collateral declines, and might incur disposition costs or experience delays in connection with liquidating the collateral. In addition, if bankruptcy proceedings are commenced with respect to the seller of the security, realization upon the collateral by the Fund may be delayed or limited.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by the Fund with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase the securities at an agreed-upon price, date and interest payment.
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The use by the Fund of reverse repurchase agreements involves many of the same risks of leverage since the proceeds derived from such reverse repurchase agreements may be invested in additional securities. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities acquired in connection with the reverse repurchase agreement may decline below the price of the securities the Fund has sold but is obligated to repurchase. Also, reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities retained in lieu of sale by the Fund in connection with the reverse repurchase agreement may decline in price.
If the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, such buyer or its trustee or receiver may receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities, and the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement may effectively be restricted pending such decision. Also, the Fund would bear the risk of loss to the extent that the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement are less than the value of the securities subject to such agreement.
Commercial Paper. Commercial paper is issued by utility, financial, and industrial companies, supranational organizations and foreign governments and their agencies and instrumentalities. Commercial paper represents short-term, unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by banks or bank holding companies, corporations and finance companies used to finance short-term credit needs and may consist of U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of domestic issuers and foreign currency-denominated obligations of domestic or foreign issuers. Commercial paper may be sold at par or on a discount basis and typically has a maturity from 1 to 270 days. Commercial paper may be backed only by the credit of the issuer or may be backed by some form of credit enhancement, typically in the form of a guarantee by a commercial bank. Commercial paper backed by guarantees of foreign banks may involve additional risk due to the difficulty of obtaining and enforcing judgments against such banks and the generally less restrictive regulations to which such banks are subject. As interest rates rise, commercial paper prices typically will decline and vice versa. The short-term nature of a commercial paper investment, however, makes it less susceptible to such volatility than many other securities. Variable amount master demand notes are a type of commercial paper. They are demand obligations that permit the investment of fluctuating amounts at varying market rates of interest pursuant to arrangements between the issuer and a commercial bank acting as agent for the payee of such notes whereby both parties have the right to vary the amount of the outstanding indebtedness on the notes.
Debt Securities and Private Debt Instruments. The Fund may invest in debt securities and private debt instruments, including those debt securities and private debt instruments of unrated or non-investment grade companies. Investments in debt are subject to the ability of the issuer or the borrower to meet principal and interest payments on the obligation and may be subject to price volatility due to such factors as interest rate sensitivity, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer or the borrower and the general market conditions. Such risks are greater for investments in non-investment grade, non-rated or lower credit quality debt than for investments in higher rated debt. There are generally no restrictions on the credit quality of the investments of the Fund. In addition, private debt instruments have significant liquidity risks and market value risks since they are not generally traded in organized exchange markets but are traded by banks and other institutional investors.
The Fund’s investments in debt securities and private debt instruments may also include making investments in distressed situations from time to time (e.g., investments in defaulted, out-of-favor or distressed bank loans and debt securities) or may involve investments that become “non-performing” following the Fund’s acquisition thereof. Certain of the Fund’s investments may therefore include specific securities of companies or other entities that typically are highly leveraged, with significant burdens on cash flow, and therefore involve a high degree of financial risk. Investments may include (i) capital infusions to companies facing liquidity issues or significant debt maturities, (ii) capital to finance operations or growth for companies facing a cyclical downturn, non-recurring losses or contractual issues, (iii) capital infusions or debtor-in-possession financings to companies in bankruptcy, (iv) financing for acquisitions of businesses, frequently from distressed sellers or assets that are non-core to the seller or (v) businesses facing capital structure, cyclical or operational distress. The Fund may also make “rescue” financings ranging from secured debt to equity infusions including, without limitation, investments in companies that are in need of liquidity or facing debt maturities, or provide growth capital to companies who cannot access the capital markets due to cyclical factors or financial market dislocation. In addition, the Fund may also selectively pursue the acquisition of fulcrum securities / loan-to-own debt purchases as a means to gain control of
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assets upon a restructuring. The securities of portfolio companies described in this paragraph may be considered speculative, and the ability of such companies to pay their debts on schedule could be adversely affected by interest rate movements, changes in the general economic climate or the economic factors affecting a particular industry, or specific developments within such companies. Investments in companies operating in workout or bankruptcy modes also present additional legal risks, including fraudulent conveyance, voidable preference and equitable subordination risks. The level of analytical sophistication, both financial and legal, necessary for successful investment in companies experiencing significant business and financial difficulties is unusually high. There is no assurance that the General Partner and/or the Management Company will correctly evaluate the value of the assets collateralizing the Fund’s loans or the prospects for a successful reorganization or similar action. There may be limitations on the ability of the Fund to directly enforce its rights with respect to these types of investments, and the Fund may, in addition to assuming the credit risk of the borrower, assume the credit risk associated with the lender or an interposed financial intermediary. Investments in debt may also expose the Fund to unfavorable outcomes in the event of a bankruptcy proceeding. Successful claims by third parties arising from these and other risks will be borne by the Fund.
As noted above, in certain limited cases (e.g., in connection with a workout, restructuring and/or foreclosing proceedings involving one or more debt investments by the Fund), the success of the Fund’s investment strategy with respect thereto will depend, in part, on the ability of the Fund to effectuate loan modifications and/or restructure and improve the operations of portfolio companies. The activity of identifying and implementing any such restructuring programs and operating improvements at portfolio companies entails a high degree of uncertainty. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to successfully identify and implement such restructuring programs and improvements.
Corporate Debt. Corporate debt securities include bills, notes, debentures, money market instruments and similar instruments and securities, and are generally used by corporations and other issuers to borrow money from investors for such purposes as working capital or capital expenditures. The issuer pays the investor a variable or fixed rate of interest and normally must repay the amount borrowed on or before maturity. Certain bonds are “perpetual” in that they have no maturity date. The return of corporate debt securities reflects interest earnings, changes in the market value of the security and the expected principal recovery amount. The market value of a corporate debt obligation may be expected to rise and fall inversely with interest rates generally. Debt securities with longer maturities tend to be more sensitive to interest rate movements than those with shorter maturities. In addition to interest rate risk, corporate debt securities also involve the risk that the issuers of the securities may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by an instrument. The rate of return or return of principal on some debt securities may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies. Corporate debt securities are subject to the risk of the issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payments on the obligation and may also be subject to price volatility due to such factors as interest rate sensitivity, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity.
Senior and Secured Debt. The Fund’s investments may include first lien senior secured debt and may also include selected second lien senior secured debt, which involves a higher degree of risk of a loss of capital. The factors affecting an issuer’s first and second lien leveraged loans, and its overall capital structure, are complex. Some first lien loans may not necessarily have priority over all other unsecured debt of an issuer. For example, some first lien loans may permit other secured obligations (such as overdrafts, swaps or other derivatives made available by members of the syndicate to the company) or involve first liens only on specified assets of an issuer (e.g., excluding real estate). The imposition of prior liens on the Fund’s collateral would adversely affect the priority of the liens and claims held by the Fund and could adversely affect the Fund’s recovery on its leveraged loans. Any secured debt is secured only to the extent of its lien and only to the extent of underlying assets or incremental proceeds on already secured assets. Moreover, underlying assets are subject to credit, liquidity and interest rate risk. Although the amount and characteristics of the underlying assets selected as collateral may allow the Fund to withstand certain assumed deficiencies in payments occasioned by the borrower’s default, if any deficiencies exceed such assumed levels or if underlying assets are sold it is possible that the proceeds of such sale or disposition will not be equal to the amount of principal and interest owed to the Fund with respect to its investment.
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Senior secured credit facilities are generally syndicated to a number of different financial market participants. The documentation governing the facilities typically requires either a majority consent or, in certain cases, unanimous approval for certain actions in respect of the credit, such as waivers, amendments, or the exercise of remedies. In addition, voting to accept or reject the terms of a restructuring of a credit pursuant to a Chapter 11 plan of reorganization is done on a class basis. As a result of these voting regimes, the Fund may not have the ability to control any decision in respect of any amendment, waiver, exercise of remedies, restructuring or reorganization of debts owed to the Fund.
Senior secured loans are also subject to other risks, including (i) the possible invalidation of a debt or lien as a “fraudulent conveyance,” (ii) the recovery as a “preference” of liens perfected or payments made on account of a debt in the 90 days before a bankruptcy filing, (iii) equitable subordination claims by other creditors, (iv) so-called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations, and (v) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations. Recent decisions in bankruptcy cases have held that a secondary loan market participant can be denied a recovery from the debtor in a bankruptcy if a prior holder of the loans either received and does not return a preference or fraudulent conveyance or engaged in conduct that would qualify for equitable subordination. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Restructurings” below for additional discussion of bankruptcy and restructurings.
The Fund’s investments may be subject to early repurchase features, refinancing options, pre-payment options or similar provisions which, in each case, could result in the issuer repaying the principal on an obligation held by the Fund earlier than expected. As a consequence, the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective may be affected.
Subordinated Debt. The Fund may from time to time invest in debt instruments (including commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”)) that are subordinated or otherwise junior in an issuer’s capital structure. Investments in subordinate debt securities may be unsecured and subordinated to substantial amounts of senior indebtedness, all or a significant portion of which may be secured and/or subject the Fund to a “first loss” subordinate holder position relative to other lenders. The ability of the Fund to influence a company’s affairs, especially during periods of financial distress or following insolvency, is likely to be substantially less than that of senior creditors. For example, under terms of subordinated inter-creditor agreements, senior creditors will typically be able to block the acceleration of the mezzanine debt or other exercises by the Fund of its rights as a creditor. Accordingly, the Fund may not be able to take the steps necessary to protect its investments in a timely manner or at all. Further, the ability of a borrower to make payments on the loan underlying these securities is dependent primarily upon the successful operation of the property rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the borrower. In the event of default and the exhaustion of any equity support, reserve fund, letter of credit and any classes of securities junior to those in which the Fund invests, it will not be able to recover all of its investment in the securities purchased. Investments in subordinate securities have a higher risk of loss and credit default than investments in more senior securities and subordinated tranches absorb losses from default before other more senior tranches are put at risk. Mezzanine debt securities (as well as other more senior securities) are also subject to other creditor risks, including (i) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a “fraudulent conveyance” under relevant creditors’ rights laws, (ii) so-called lender liability claims by the issuer of the obligations, and (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations. The securities the Fund invests in may be subject to early repurchase features, refinancing options, pre-payment options, or similar provisions which, in each case, could result in the issuer repaying the principal on an obligation held by the Fund earlier than expected, resulting in a lower return to the Fund than projected. In addition, depending on fluctuations of the equity markets and other factors, warrants and other equity securities may become worthless.
ABS. Asset-backed securities, or “ABS”, may be more sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates than other securities. In addition, prepayment on the underlying assets may have the effect of shortening the weighted average maturity of the portfolio assets of such entities and may lower their return. ABS are also subject to risks associated with their structure and the nature of the underlying assets and the servicing of those assets. There is risk that the underlying debt securities will default and that recovery on repossessed collateral might be unavailable or inadequate to support payments on the underlying investments. Payment of interest and repayment of principal on ABS, as well as the return associated with an equity investment in an ABS, is largely dependent upon the cash flows
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generated by the underlying loans or other assets backing the securities. The risks and returns for holders in ABS depend on the tranche in which the holder has an interest. The debt tranche(s) are entitled to receive payment before the equity if the cash flow generated by the underlying assets is insufficient to allow the vehicle to make payments on all of the tranches. The debt tranche(s), therefore, may receive higher credit ratings (if rated) and the equity tranche may be considered more speculative. Many ABS may be difficult to value and may be deemed illiquid. If the Fund holds ABS, ABS may have the effect of magnifying the Fund’s exposure to changes in the value of the underlying assets and may also result in increased volatility in the Fund’s NAV. This means the Fund investing in ABS may have the potential for greater gains, as well as the potential for greater losses, than if the Fund owned the underlying asset directly. The value of an investment in the Units may be more volatile and other risks tend to be compounded if and to the extent that the Fund is exposed to ABS.
If the market for ABS experiences high volatility and a lack of liquidity, the value of many ABSs may decline. The value of ABSs also may be affected by other factors, such as the availability of information concerning the pool and its structure, the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the pool and its ability to service the underlying collateral, the originator of the underlying assets, or the entities providing the credit enhancement. In addition, the value of ABSs is subject to risks associated with the servicers’ performance. In some circumstances, a servicer’s or originator’s mishandling of documentation related to the underlying collateral, such as failure to properly document a security interest in the underlying collateral, may affect the rights of the security holders in and to the underlying collateral. A single financial institution may serve as a trustee for multiple ABSs. As a result, a disruption in that institution’s business may have a material impact on multiple ABSs. In addition, the insolvency of entities that generate receivables or that utilize the underlying assets may result in a decline in the value of the underlying assets as well as costs and delays. Any mishandling of related documentation by a servicer may also affect the rights of the security holders in and to the underlying collateral.
Additionally, certain types of ABSs may not have the benefit of a security interest in the related assets. In addition, many securities backed by pools of corporate or sovereign bonds, bank loans made to corporations, or a combination of those bonds and loans may be unsecured. In other instances, the holders of the receivables underlying an ABS may not have a proper security interest. In addition, certain types of ABSs may experience losses on the underlying assets as a result of certain rights provided to consumer debtors under federal and state law.
CLOs. Collateralized Loan Obligations (“CLOs”) are a type of asset-backed securities. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans and subordinate commercial real estate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. CLOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses. If the Fund holds a CLO, the risks of holding such CLO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the instrument the Fund holds. In addition to the general risks associated with debt securities discussed herein, CLOs may carry additional risks including, but are not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the possibility that holdings of CLOs are subordinate to other classes or tranches thereof; (iv) the potential of spread compression in the underlying loans of the CLOs, which could reduce credit enhancement in the CLOs; and (v) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of acquisition and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected results.
CMBS. The Fund may from time to time invest in pools or tranches of CMBS. The collateral underlying CMBS generally consists of commercial mortgages or real property that have a multifamily or commercial use, such as retail space, office buildings, warehouse property and hotels. CMBS have been issued in a variety of issuances, with varying structures including senior and subordinated classes. The commercial mortgages underlying CMBS generally have shorter maturities than residential mortgages, allow a substantial portion of the loan balance to be paid at maturity and are usually non-recourse against the commercial borrower. Investments in CMBS are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including credit, market, interest rate, structural and legal risks. These risks may be magnified by volatility in the credit and commercial real estate markets. The investment characteristics of CMBS differ from traditional debt securities in a number of respects and are similar to the characteristics of structured credit products in which investors participate through a structured vehicle or other similar conduit arrangement (e.g., CLO).
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RMBS. Residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) are, generally, securities that represent interests in pools of residential mortgage loans. If the Fund holds RMBS, the Fund may be subject to the risks of defaults, foreclosure timeline extension, fraud, home price depreciation and unfavorable modification of loan principal amount, interest rate and amortization of principal accompanying the underlying residential mortgage loans. To the extent that assets underlying such holdings of RMBS are concentrated geographically, by property type or in certain other respects, the Fund may be subject to certain of the foregoing risks to a greater extent. In the event of defaults on the residential mortgage loans that underlie the Fund’s potential holdings of RMBS and the exhaustion of any underlying or any additional credit support, the Fund may not realize its anticipated return on its holdings and the Fund may incur a loss on these holdings.
Non-agency RMBS are backed by residential property but, in contrast to agency RMBS, their principal and interest are not guaranteed by federally chartered entities such as the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and, in the case of Ginnie Mae, the U.S. government. In addition, government mortgage pass-through securities represent participation interests in pools of residential mortgage loans purchased from individual lenders by a federal agency or originated by private lenders and guaranteed by a federal agency, including those issued or guaranteed by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Ginnie Mae certificates are direct obligations of the U.S. government and, as such, are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the United States. Fannie Mae is a federally chartered, privately owned corporation and Freddie Mac is a corporate instrumentality of the United States. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac certificates are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States but the issuing agency or instrumentality has the right to borrow, to meet its obligations, from an existing line of credit with the Treasury. The Treasury has no legal obligation to provide such line of credit and may choose not to do so.
Undervalued Investments. The Fund’s investment strategy with respect to certain types of investments may be based, in part, upon the premise that certain investments (either held directly or through a CLO) that are otherwise performing may from time to time be available for purchase by the Fund at “undervalued” prices. Purchasing interests at what may appear to be “undervalued” or “discounted” levels is no guarantee that these investments will generate attractive risk-adjusted returns to the Fund or will not be subject to further reductions in value. No assurance can be given that investments can be acquired at favorable prices or that the market for such interests will continue to improve since this depends, in part, upon events and factors outside the control of the General Partner.
Broadly Syndicated Bank Loans. Broadly syndicated bank loans risks, or “BSLs”, are typically originated and structured by banks on behalf of large corporate borrowers. The proceeds of BSLs are often used for leveraged buyout transactions, mergers and acquisitions, recapitalizations, refinancings, and financing capital expenditures. BSLs are typically distributed by the arranging bank to a diverse group of investors primarily consisting of: CLOs; senior secured loan and high yield bond mutual funds; closed-end funds, hedge funds, banks, and insurance companies; and finance companies. A borrower must comply with various covenants contained in a loan agreement or note purchase agreement between the borrower and the holders of the BSLs. If the Fund invests in BSLs, such investment may expose the Fund to different risks, including with respect to liquidity, price volatility, ability to restructure loans, credit risks and less protective loan documentation. Fluctuations in the market price of securities may affect the value of the BSL’s investments and may increase the risks inherent in such investments. The ability to sell the investments in the market may depend on demand, which may be impracticable or impossible in certain market environments. Despite diversification, high concentration may arise in certain markets. Problems may be encountered in the valuation or sale of certain investments, and in some cases, investments may have to be sold below their value. Some investments may involve assets which are exposed to high market, credit and liquidity risks (including the risk of insolvency or bankruptcy of the borrower). Investments may be leveraged at the level of the investment (e.g., by margin borrowing or otherwise). If the capital gains on the investments acquired with leverage are greater than the interest on the loans, the investment’s assets will increase faster than if no leverage had been used. In the event of price falls, this leverage is outweighed by a more rapid decline in the investment’s assets.
Restructurings. The Fund may invest in restructurings involving portfolio companies that are experiencing or are expected to experience financial difficulties. These portfolio companies may never overcome these financial difficulties and may become subject to bankruptcy proceedings. Investments in restructurings may be adversely affected by laws relating to, among other things, fraudulent conveyances, voidable preferences and lender liability
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and by a bankruptcy court’s discretionary power to disallow, subordinate or disenfranchise particular claims or recharacterize investments. Such investments could, in certain circumstances, subject the Fund to certain additional potential liabilities that have the potential to exceed the value of its original investments. For example, under certain circumstances, a lender who has inappropriately exercised control over the management and policies of a debtor will have its claims subordinated or disallowed or found liable for damages suffered by parties as a result of such actions. In addition, under certain circumstances, a bankruptcy court could reclaim a payment to the Fund or the Fund’s distributions to investors if the court determines that the payment or distribution is a fraudulent conveyance, preferential payment or similar transaction under applicable bankruptcy or insolvency laws.
High Yield Debt. The Fund may invest in high yield debt, a substantial portion of which may be rated below investment-grade by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations or may be unrated but of comparable credit quality to obligations rated below investment-grade, and have greater credit and liquidity risk than more highly rated debt obligations. High yield debt is generally unsecured and may be subordinate to other obligations of the obligor. They are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligations and involve major risk exposure to adverse conditions. In addition, high yield debt generally offers a higher current yield than that available from higher grade issues, but typically involve greater risk.
The lower rating of high yield debt reflects a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the obligor or in general economic conditions (including, for example, a substantial period of rising interest rates or declining earnings) or both may impair the ability of the obligor to make payment of principal and interest. Many issuers of high yield debt are highly leveraged, and their relatively high debt-to-equity ratios create increased risks that their operations might not generate sufficient cash flow to service their debt obligations. In addition, many issuers of high yield debt may be in poor financial condition, experiencing poor operating results, having substantial capital needs or negative net worth or be facing special competitive or product obsolescence problems, and may include companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganizations or liquidation proceedings. Certain of these instruments may not be publicly traded, and, therefore, it may be difficult to obtain information as to the true condition of the issuers. Overall declines in the below investment-grade bond and other markets may adversely affect such issuers by inhibiting their ability to refinance their debt at maturity. High yield debt is often less liquid than higher rated debt. Less liquidity in the secondary trading market could adversely affect the price at which the Fund could sell a high yield security, and could adversely affect the NAV of the Units.
High yield debt is often issued in connection with leveraged acquisitions or recapitalizations in which the issuers incur a substantially higher amount of indebtedness than the level at which they had previously operated. High yield debt has historically experienced greater default rates than has been the case for investment-grade debt and is generally considered to be riskier. They may also be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than investment grade securities. A projection of an economic downturn or of a period of rising interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in high yield security prices because the advent of a recession could lessen the ability of an issuer to make principal and interest payments on its debt obligations.
High yield debt may also be in the form of zero-coupon or deferred interest bonds, which are bonds that are issued at a significant discount from face value. The original discount approximates the total amount of interest the bonds will accrue and compound over the period until maturity or the first interest accrual date at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the debt at the time of issuance. While zero-coupon bonds do not require the periodic payment of interest, deferred interest bonds generally provide for a period of delay before the regular payment of interest begins. Such investments experience greater volatility in market value due to changes in the interest rates than bonds that provide for regular payments of interest.
Distressed Securities. Investment in the securities of financially troubled and operationally troubled issuers involves a high degree of credit and market risk. There is a possibility that the Fund may incur substantial or total losses on its investments. During an economic downturn or recession, securities of financially troubled or operationally troubled issuers are more likely to go into default than securities of other issuers. Securities of financially troubled and operationally troubled issuers are less liquid and more volatile than securities of companies not experiencing financial difficulties. The market prices of such securities are subject to erratic and abrupt market
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movements and the spread between bid and asked prices may be greater than normally expected. In addition, it is anticipated that many of the Fund’s investments may not be widely traded and that the Fund’s investment in such securities may be substantial relative to the market for such securities. As a result, the Fund may experience delays and incur losses and other costs in connection with the sale of its investments.
Defaulted Securities. The Fund may invest in the securities of companies involved in bankruptcy proceedings, reorganizations and financial restructurings, and that are facing significant debt maturities, and may have a more active participation in the affairs of the issuer than is generally assumed by investors. This may subject the Fund to litigation risks or prevent the Fund from disposing of securities. In any reorganization or liquidation proceeding relating to a company in which the Fund invests, the Fund may lose its entire investment, may be required to accept cash or securities with a value less than the Fund’s original investment and/or may be required to accept payment over an extended period of time. As more fully discussed below, in a bankruptcy or other proceeding, the Fund as a creditor may be unable to enforce its rights in any collateral or may have its security interest in any collateral challenged, disallowed or subordinated to the claims of other creditors.
Prepayment Risk. The frequency at which prepayments (including voluntary prepayments by obligors and accelerations due to defaults) occur on bonds and loans will be affected by a variety of factors, including the prevailing level of interest rates and spreads, as well as economic, demographic, tax, social, legal and other factors. Generally, obligors tend to prepay their fixed-rate obligations when prevailing interest rates fall below the coupon rates on their obligations. Similarly, floating rate issuers and borrowers tend to prepay their obligations when spreads narrow. In general, “premium” securities (securities whose market values exceed their principal or par amounts) are adversely affected by faster than anticipated prepayments. Since many fixed-rate obligations will be premium instruments when interest rates and/or spreads are low, such debt instruments and asset-backed instruments may be adversely affected by changes in prepayments in any interest rate environment. The adverse effects of prepayments may impact the Fund’s holdings in two ways. First, particular instruments may experience outright losses, as in the case of an interest-only instrument in an environment of faster actual or anticipated prepayments. Second, particular instruments may underperform relative to hedges that the Fund may have constructed for these assets, resulting in a loss to the Fund’s overall portfolio. In particular, prepayments (at par) may limit the potential upside of many instruments to their principal or par amounts, whereas their corresponding hedges often have the potential for unlimited loss.
Bankruptcy and Other Proceedings. When a company seeks relief under the applicable insolvency laws of a particular jurisdiction (or has a petition filed against it), an automatic stay may prevent all entities, including creditors, from foreclosing or taking other actions to enforce claims, perfect security interests or reach collateral securing such claims. Creditors who have claims against the company prior to the date of the insolvency filing will generally require the permission of the court or a relevant insolvency officeholder to permit them to take any action to protect or enforce their claims or their rights in any collateral. Such creditors may be prohibited from doing so at the discretion of the court or the relevant insolvency officeholder. Thus, even if the Fund holds a secured claim, it may be prevented from enforcing its security and collecting the value of the collateral securing its debt, unless relief from the automatic stay is granted. If relief from the stay is not granted, the Fund may not realize a distribution on account of its secured claim until a distribution (if any) is made to the Fund by the relevant court or insolvency officeholder.
Security interests held by creditors are closely scrutinized and frequently challenged in insolvency proceedings and may be invalidated for a variety of reasons. For example, security interests may be set aside because, as a technical matter, they have not been perfected properly under applicable law. If a security interest is invalidated, the secured creditor loses the value of the collateral and, because loss of the secured status causes the claim to be treated as an unsecured claim, the holder of such claim will be more likely to experience a significant loss of its investment. There can be no assurance that the security interests securing the Fund’s claims will not be challenged vigorously and found defective in some respect, or that the Fund will be able to prevail against the challenge.
Certain European jurisdictions may follow common law principles analogous to those practiced in the United States under the so-called “equitable subordination” doctrine whereby lenders can become subject to claims
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from creditors of an obligor that debt obligations of such obligor which are held by such lender should be equitably subordinated. Certain European jurisdictions may present different issues. In the United Kingdom, a lender could be exposed to liability as a “shadow director” of a borrower if the lender exercises a sufficient level of control over a borrower such that the directors of the borrower are accustomed to act in accordance with the lender’s directions or instructions. If a lender is found to be a shadow director of a borrower, among other things the lender may (where the borrower has gone into insolvent liquidation and the lender did not take every step to minimize loss to the borrower’s creditors once the lender concluded or should have concluded that there was no reasonable prospect of avoiding insolvent liquidation) be ordered by the court to make a contribution to the company’s assets.
From time to time, the Fund may invest in or extend loans to companies that have filed for protection under applicable insolvency laws. These debtor-in-possession or “DIP” loans are most often revolving working-capital or term loan facilities put into place at the outset of insolvency proceedings to provide the debtor with both immediate cash and the ongoing working capital that will be required during the reorganization process. The laws of a particular jurisdiction will determine the extent to which such loans rank as senior in the debtor’s capital structure and accordingly the level of risk associated with loans. Furthermore, it is possible that the debtor’s reorganization efforts may fail and the proceeds of the ensuing liquidation of the DIP lender’s collateral might be insufficient to repay in full the DIP loan. The seniority of such loans in the debtor’s capital structure may not be recognized in all jurisdictions.
Insolvency proceedings are inherently litigious, time consuming, highly complex and driven extensively by facts and circumstances, which can result in challenges in predicting outcomes. Insolvency proceedings may have adverse and permanent effects on a company. For instance, the company may lose its market position and key employees or otherwise become incapable of emerging from insolvency proceedings and restoring itself as a viable entity. Further, if insolvency proceedings result in liquidation, the liquidation value of the company may not equal the liquidation value that was believed to exist at the time of the investment. The administrative costs incurred in connection with insolvency proceedings are frequently high and will be paid out of the debtor’s estate prior to any return to creditors. Certain claims, such as claims for taxes, may in certain jurisdictions have priority by law over the claims of other creditors.
In the event of the insolvency of an obligor in respect of a Fund investment, the Fund’s recovery of amounts outstanding in insolvency proceedings may be impacted by the insolvency regimes in force in the jurisdiction of incorporation of such obligor or in the jurisdiction in which such obligor mainly conducts its business (if different from the jurisdiction of incorporation), and/or in the jurisdiction in which the assets of such obligor are located. Such insolvency regimes impose rules for the protection of creditors and may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to recover such amounts as are outstanding from the insolvent obligor under its investment, which could have a material adverse effect on the performance of the Fund, and, by extension, the Fund’s business, financial condition, results of operations and the value of the Units. Similarly, the ability of obligors to recover amounts owing to them from insolvent companies may be adversely impacted by any such insolvency regimes applicable to those insolvent companies, which in turn may adversely affect the abilities of those obligors to make payments to the Fund due under the investment on a full or timely basis. In addition, insolvent companies located in certain jurisdictions may be involved in restructurings, insolvency proceedings and/or reorganizations that are not subject to laws and regulations that are similar to the laws and the rights of creditors afforded in European or U.S. jurisdictions. To the extent such laws and regulations do not provide the Fund with equivalent rights and privileges necessary to promote and protect its interest in any such proceeding, the Fund’s investments in any such insolvent companies may be adversely affected. For example, insolvency law and process in such other jurisdiction may differ substantially from that in the large European markets or in the United States, resulting in greater uncertainty as to the rights of creditors, the enforceability of such rights, reorganization timing and the classification, seniority and treatment of claims. In certain developing countries, although insolvency laws have been enacted, the process for reorganization remains highly uncertain.
Default of Borrowers. Loans that the Fund may make are subject to credit, liquidity and interest rate risk. In the event of any default on the Fund’s investment in a debt obligation by a borrower, the Fund will bear a risk of loss of principal and accrued interest on the debt obligation, which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s investment and results of operations. Credit risks associated with the investments include (among others): (i)
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the possibility that earnings of a borrower may be insufficient to meet its debt service obligations; (ii) a borrower’s assets declining in value; and (iii) the declining creditworthiness, default and potential for insolvency of a borrower during periods of rising interest rates and economic downturn.
A defaulted investment may become subject to workout negotiations or may be restructured by, for example, reducing the interest rate, a write-down of the principal, and/or changes to its terms and conditions. Any such process may be extensive and protracted over time, and therefore may result in substantial uncertainty with respect to the ultimate recovery on the defaulted investment, and significant costs might be incurred by the Fund. In addition, the liquidity in defaulted loans may also be limited, and to the extent that defaulted loans are sold, it is highly unlikely that the proceeds from such sale will be equal to the amount of unpaid principal and interest thereon, which would adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investment portfolio.
Borrower Fraud; Breach of Covenant. Of paramount concern in originating or holding loans is the possibility of material misrepresentation or omission on the part of borrowers or other credit support providers or breach of covenant by such parties. Such inaccuracy or incompleteness or breach of covenants may adversely affect the valuation of the collateral underlying the loan or may adversely affect the ability of the Fund to perfect or effectuate a lien on the collateral securing the loan or otherwise realize on the investment. The Fund will rely upon the accuracy and completeness of representations made by borrowers to the extent reasonable but cannot guarantee such accuracy or completeness.
Bridge Financings. From time to time, TPG expects the Fund to provide financing to portfolio companies (which may include equity and/or debt financing) on a short-term, unsecured basis in anticipation of a future issuance of more permanent, long-term equity or debt securities. However, for reasons not always in the Fund’s control, such long-term securities may not be issued, and such bridge financing may remain outstanding. If that happens, the interest rate on such loans generally would not adequately reflect the risk associated with the unsecured position taken by the Fund.
Credit Ratings are Not a Guarantee of Quality. The Fund may invest in debt securities that have been rated by internationally recognized rating organizations. In general, the credit ratings of these organizations represent the opinions of such agencies as to the quality of investments that they rate and are not a guarantee of quality. Such agencies may change their method of valuation of, and the ratings of, securities held by the Fund at any time. A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold assets and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency. In the event that a rating assigned to any corporate debt obligation is lowered for any reason, no party is obligated to provide any additional support or credit enhancement with respect to such corporate debt obligation. Rating agencies attempt to evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments and do not evaluate the risks of fluctuations in market value; therefore, ratings may not fully reflect the true risks of an investment. Also, rating agencies may fail to make timely changes in credit ratings in response to subsequent events, so that an obligor’s current financial condition may be better or worse than a rating indicates. Consequently, credit ratings of any corporate debt obligation are only a preliminary indicator of investment quality as of a point in time, and not a guarantee of investment quality as of that point in time or any future point in time. Rating changes, including but not limited to reductions or withdrawals, may occur for any number of reasons. The changes may affect one or more assets at a single time or within a short period of time, and such changes can have a material adverse effect upon the corporate debt obligation.
Investments in Specific Industries
Investments in Real Estate. The Fund may make investments for which real estate is an incidental but significant portion of the investment’s asset base or value. Real estate investments generally include, among other things, investments in private platform, corporate control and public company investments, and may consist of both debt and equity assets. There are numerous risks related to the ownership and operation of real estate, including:
fluctuations in the overall economy;
national and local real estate conditions;
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dependence on cash flow;
interest rate risk;
management direction and quality;
increased competition with respect to rental rates;
property attractiveness and location;
financial condition of tenants, buyers and sellers of properties;
quality of maintenance, insurance and management services;
natural disasters;
changes in real estate taxes and other operating expenses;
liability arising out of the presence of certain construction materials;
occupancy;
uninsurable losses and other factors beyond the control of the applicable Third-Party Managers (as defined below); and
changes in operating costs.
Government laws and regulations also may affect the results of a real estate investment, including those governing or related to usage, improvements, zoning, the environment, taxes and securitization of residential and commercial mortgages, as do the levels of unemployment and interest rates and the availability of financing. In addition, the real estate markets have experienced significant volatility in recent years.
Investments in Companies in Regulated Industries. Certain industries, such as the healthcare, insurance or related services, and financial services industries, are heavily regulated. The Fund may make investments in issuers operating in industries that are subject to greater amounts of regulation than other industries generally. Investments in issuers that are subject to greater amounts of governmental regulation pose additional risks relative to investments in other companies generally. Changes in applicable laws or regulations, or in the interpretations of these laws and regulations, could result in increased compliance costs or the need for additional capital expenditures. If an issuer fails to comply with these requirements, it could also be subject to civil or criminal liability and the imposition of fines. An issuer also could be materially and adversely affected as a result of statutory or regulatory changes or judicial or administrative interpretations of existing laws and regulations that impose more comprehensive or stringent requirements on such issuer. Governments have considerable discretion in implementing regulations that could impact an issuer’s business and governments may be influenced by political considerations and may make decisions that adversely affect an issuer’s business. Additionally, certain issuers may have a unionized workforce or employees who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement, which could subject any such issuer’s activities and labor relations matters to complex laws and regulations relating thereto. Moreover, an issuer’s operations and profitability could suffer if it experiences labor relations problems. Upon the expiration of any such issuer’s collective bargaining agreements, it may be unable to negotiate new collective bargaining agreements on terms favorable to it, and its business operations at one or more of its facilities may be interrupted as a result of labor disputes or difficulties and delays in the process of renegotiating its collective bargaining agreements. A work stoppage at one or more of any such issuer’s facilities could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition. Any such problems additionally may bring scrutiny and attention to the Fund itself, which could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to implement its investment objectives.
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Investments in the Healthcare and Life Sciences Sectors. The Fund may make investments in the healthcare and life sciences sectors. Investing in healthcare and life sciences companies involves substantial risks. Each of these risks could have a material adverse effect on the investments of the Fund, and some of these risks are described in greater detail below.
Companies in which the Fund invests or the significant customers or counterparties of such companies may only have one product under development. There can be no assurance that the product will be approved for marketing by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) or any non-U.S. regulatory agency. Further, competition to the product may develop from other new and existing products. In either case, if a company is dependent on that one product, the consequences of such failure could be devastating to the prospects of such company, which in turn could negatively affect the performance of the Fund.
Healthcare and life sciences policy and changes in healthcare and life sciences policy and related laws and regulations could have a material and adverse impact on the certain companies in which TPG intends for the Fund to invest, and the U.S. or non-U.S. government’s role in the healthcare and life sciences industry could adversely impact the Fund’s performance.
Obtaining governmental approval for new products from governmental agencies can be lengthy, expensive and uncertain. In some cases, products of healthcare and life sciences companies, which may include portfolio companies of the Fund or the customers or counterparties of such companies, are approved by regulatory authorities on a conditional basis with full approval conditioned upon fulfilling the requirements of regulators. Regulatory authorities are placing greater focus on monitoring products originally approved on a conditional basis and on whether the sponsors of such products have met the conditions of the conditional approval. If a portfolio company or one of its significant customers or counterparties is unable to fulfill the conditions of its products’ conditional approval, it may not receive full approval for these products and may be required to change the products’ labeled indications or withdraw the products from the market, which could have an adverse effect on the value of the portfolio company. Moreover, even after approval, products may still be the subject of regulatory action if new facts concerning their safety and efficacy come to light. Healthcare and life sciences regulation is subject to change and can have a considerable impact on the marketing of products and services by companies in which TPG intends for the Fund to invest or the customers or counterparties of such companies. Such regulatory changes could affect the ability of a portfolio company or one of its significant customers or counterparties’ ability to obtain or maintain approval of its products, even forcing such companies to withdraw their products from the market. In some cases, new regulations can substantially change the marketing conditions for certain healthcare products, such as pharmaceuticals. Decisions by regulatory authorities regarding labeling, ingredients and other matters could adversely affect the availability or commercial potential of products. Accordingly, investments made in reliance on an existing market structure could prove to be not cost effective or worthless, and existing market positions could be endangered.
Many healthcare and life sciences companies are subject to rigorous regulation in their operations. Compliance with these regulations can be costly. Even when such companies develop and institute comprehensive compliance programs, they are not able to guarantee that they, their employees, their consultants and their contractors will be in compliance with all potentially applicable regulations. If a portfolio company or one of its significant customers or counterparties fails to comply with applicable regulations, that company could be subject to civil or criminal liability, monetary and administrative penalties, increased compliance costs or a curtailment of its authority to conduct business, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the value of the portfolio company. Additionally, certain healthcare and life sciences companies have unionized work forces or employees who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement, which could subject any such entity’s activities and labor relations matters to complex laws and regulations relating thereto. Moreover, a portfolio company’s operations and profitability could suffer if it or its service providers experiences labor relations problems or difficulties in the process of renegotiating collective bargaining agreements.
Certain healthcare and life sciences products are manufactured in facilities that require approval of, and ongoing regulation by, the FDA in the United States and by other foreign regulatory agencies if manufactured outside of the United States. The production of such products may be interrupted or stopped if operational standards
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set by such agencies are not adhered to. In addition, manufacturers may rely on a small number of key, highly specialized suppliers, manufacturers and packagers. Any interruptions, however minimal, in the operation of these manufacturing and packaging facilities could have a material adverse effect on production and product sales.
Healthcare and life sciences companies may also be subject to governmental laws and regulations requiring the testing of product candidates on animals before initiating clinical trials involving humans, as well as laws and regulations related to experimental animal testing and laboratory procedures. The Fund and its investments may be subject to legal, financial and reputational risk from healthcare and life sciences companies’ use of animal testing and proper handling of animal test subjects, which have been the subject of controversy and adverse publicity. This also exposes healthcare and life sciences companies to a high level of product liability risk relating to their testing and sales of products or services. Claims of impropriety can result in delay of clinical trials, reduction in sales, litigation costs, fines or other settlement amounts, and costs related to consulting engagements seeking to address such claims.
While therapeutics, pre-approval royalty and other healthcare and life sciences growth investments offer the opportunity for significant gains, such investments also involve a high degree of risk that can result in substantial losses. For example, investing in early-stage medical services companies involves substantial risks, including, but not limited to, the following: limited or no operating histories and limited experience instituting compliance policies; change in government policies and governmental investigations; potential litigation alleging negligence, products liability torts, breaches of warranty; disappointing results from preclinical testing; indications of safety concerns; insufficient clinical trial data to support the safety or efficacy of the product candidate; inability to manufacture sufficient quantities of the product candidate for development or commercialization in a timely or cost-effective manner; substantial commercial risk; and any discovery of previously unknown problems with the product or the manufacturer that may result in restrictions or recalls. Many of these companies will operate at a loss, or with substantial variations in operating results from period to period. In addition, many of these companies will need substantial additional capital to support additional research and development activities. Such companies may face intense competition in the healthcare and life sciences industries from pharmaceutical companies with greater financial resources, more extensive research and development capabilities and a larger number of qualified managerial and technical personnel. In addition, investments that focus on advancing a single asset through one or more clinical trials or regulatory approvals is somewhat binary in nature. Though TPG seeks to mitigate such binary risk, if such investment is not able to achieve relevant success milestones in a timely fashion, the investment may experience significant adverse effects, which in turn, could adversely affect the performance of the Fund.
Healthcare Reform. On March 23, 2010, Congress enacted the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (the “ACA”) which imposes dramatic changes on the regulation of the healthcare and life sciences industries in the United States and the market impacts of many of its provisions remain uncertain. In addition, there are uncertainties due to federal legislative and administrative efforts to repeal, substantially modify or invalidate some or all of the provisions of the ACA. Implementation or any future replacement, modification or repeal, of the ACA has the potential to negatively impact the healthcare and life sciences industries generally and the investments of the Fund, resulting in losses on the Fund’s investments. Healthcare reform continues to be a significant factor in the profitability of companies in which the Fund may invest. The efforts to reform the healthcare delivery system in the United States and Europe have resulted in increased pressure on healthcare providers and other participants in the healthcare industry to reduce costs. These forces place constraints on the levels of overall pricing, and thus could have a material adverse effect on profit margins for the companies in which the Fund invests.
Reimbursement Policy Risk. Many life sciences companies are highly dependent upon healthcare management and reimbursement policies. These policies can be significantly influenced by political events. In this regard there has periodically been some political sentiment for U.S. federal government intervention in the pricing of pharmaceuticals. While there has been consistent debate, there has been little change. However, even heated debate can elicit a sense of risk in the marketplace and there is no guarantee that the U.S. federal government’s role in pharmaceutical pricing in the healthcare sector will continue to have the minimal impact it has had in the past. Any change in the pricing policy of pharmaceuticals through government intervention could have a material effect on the performance of the Fund.
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In both the U.S. and foreign markets, sales of a life science company’s products and its success will depend in part on the availability of reimbursement from third-party payors such as government health administration authorities, private health insurers, and other organizations. The levels of revenues and profitability of pharmaceutical companies may be affected by the continuing efforts of governmental and third-party payors to contain or reduce the costs of health care. Significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved health care products. The continuing efforts of governmental and third-party payors to contain or reduce the costs of healthcare affects the revenues and profitability of healthcare companies. In the United States, some states have implemented, and other states are considering, pharmaceutical price controls or patient access constraints under their Medicaid programs. There have also been recent state legislative efforts that have generally focused on increasing transparency around drug costs or limiting drug prices. There can be no assurance that a company’s proposed products will be considered cost-effective or that adequate third-party reimbursement will be available to enable a company to maintain price levels sufficient to realize an appropriate return on its investment in product development. Moreover, if reimbursement rates are reduced by applicable law or otherwise, or if health care providers anticipate reimbursement being reduced, providers may narrow the circumstances in which they prescribe or administer a portfolio company’s products, which could reduce the use or sales of such products and thereby have a material adverse effect on the value of the portfolio company.
Product Liability. The testing, manufacturing, marketing and sale of many of the products and technologies developed by life sciences companies inherently expose these companies to potential product liability risks. Many life sciences companies obtain limited product liability insurance and, furthermore, there can be no assurance that a health care company will be able to maintain its product liability insurance on reasonable terms or that any product liability insurance obtained will provide adequate coverage against potential liabilities.
Life Sciences Research and Innovation. The life sciences industry spends heavily on research and development. Research findings (e.g., regarding side effects or comparative benefits of one or more particular treatments, services or products) and technological innovation (together with patent expirations) may make any particular treatment, service or product less attractive if previously unknown or underappreciated risks are revealed, or if a more effective, less costly or less risky solution is or becomes available. Any such development could have a material adverse effect on the companies in which the Fund invests.
Investments in the Technology Sector. The Fund may make investments in companies in the technology industry or whose performance may be highly correlated with their ability to successfully implement new technology and/or exploit technologies. A concentration of such investments will likely involve risks greater than those generally associated with more diversified funds and may experience significant fluctuations in returns. The technology sector is challenged by various factors, including rapidly changing market conditions and participants, new competing products and services and improvements in existing products and services. The products or services sold by portfolio companies may be rendered obsolete or adversely affected by competing products and services or other challenges. Instability, fluctuation, an overall decline or a bubble within the technology sector will likely not be balanced by investments in other industries not so affected. In the event that the technology sector as a whole declines, returns to investors may decrease. Conversely, the technology sector is currently in a phase of economic growth and the valuation of certain investments in this sector may be priced higher than such investment’s actual value. As a result, it may be more difficult for the Fund to find attractive opportunities, resulting in diminished returns to investors. In addition, the recent period of rapid growth in the technology sector will not continue indefinitely, and future revenue growth may not be consistent with recent history.
Dependence on Patents, Trademarks and Other Intellectual Property. Certain Fund investments will depend heavily on intellectual property rights, including patents, trademarks and servicemarks. The ability to effectively enforce patent, trademark and other intellectual property laws will affect the value of many of these companies. Patent disputes are frequent and can preclude commercialization of products, and patent litigation is costly and could subject a portfolio company to significant liabilities to third parties. The presence of patents or other proprietary rights belonging to other parties may lead to the termination of the research and development of a portfolio company’s particular product or one of its significant customers or counterparties.
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In addition, if a portfolio company or one of its significant customers or counterparties infringes on third-party patents or other proprietary rights, it could be prevented from using certain third-party technologies or forced to acquire licenses in order to obtain access to such technologies. In such a case, the company might not be able to obtain all licenses required for the success of its business, which could have a material adverse effect on the value of a portfolio company. Moreover, if the patents and other proprietary rights of a portfolio company or any of its significant customers or counterparties are infringed by third parties, then it may not be able to take full advantage of existing demand for its products. The products of pharmaceutical companies are often protected for a certain period by various patents or regulatory forms of exclusivity, and the loss of market exclusivity following the expiration of such a period can open the products to competition from generic substitutes that are typically priced significantly lower than the original products, which can have an adverse effect on the value of the product and the company. In particular, generic substitutes have high market shares in the United States, and accordingly the adverse effects of the launch of generic products are particularly significant in the United States.
Investments in Royalty Interests. The Fund may, directly or indirectly, enter into development funding arrangements (“Funding Agreements”) with or purchase royalty interests (any agreements relating to such royalty interests, “Royalty Agreements,” and together with Funding Agreements, “Contingent Payment Agreements”) from biopharmaceutical and medical device companies as part of its investment activities. Royalty Agreements are generally derived from long-term contractual agreements between licensors and licensees and, as a result, Contingent Payment Agreements may have a longer holding period than other investments of the Fund, and there may be provisions in such agreements that restrict the Fund’s ability to transfer such Royalty Agreements without the express written consent of the licensors or licensees. In addition, there is unlikely to be a formal market to facilitate the exchange of Contingent Payment Agreements. As a result, the Fund may be unable to sell investments in Contingent Payment Agreements or be forced to sell them at a less than desirable price. Funding Agreements involve an investment in certain clinical trial activities in exchange for future royalty and milestone payments up to a specified cap on invested capital, which cap may be subject to reduction by the company under certain conditions, and such payments are contingent upon approval of the applicable product and achievement of certain commercial milestones (such as annual net sales thresholds). Distributions to investors from Contingent Payment Agreements, if any, will be tied to certain commercialization metrics (such as the receipt of regulatory approvals, successful achievement of revenue levels or other financial targets) achieved by the products underlying each Contingent Payment Agreement. Although revenue projections developed at the time of the Fund’s acquisition may contemplate additional indications and markets than those for which the products underlying the Royalty Agreement are approved at the time of the Fund’s acquisition, the time required for these approvals is uncertain and can take a number of years, depending on the type, complexity and novelty of the product. In some cases, the terms of the Fund’s Contingent Payment Agreement may permit the marketer or other payor to reduce or suspend payments to the Fund, or pre-pay contingent payment obligations at a discount from the negotiated cap, which could materially and adversely affect the Fund. TPG will not have any influence or control over the amount and timing of revenues generated by each product. Such revenues typically vary from quarter to quarter. Although the variations are typically gradual and cyclical, in certain cases they could be material and adverse. This could be the result of many different factors including but not limited to adverse market conditions, unanticipated regulatory changes, business disruptions, and other factors that may not be foreseen by TPG at the time of acquisition. In addition, the commercial success of the products underlying the Contingent Payment Agreements depends in part on the ability of the developing and marketing companies or their collaborative partners to obtain patents and successfully defend issued patents against invalidity claims. The determination of the strength of the patent position involves complex legal and factual questions and, therefore, enforceability of a patent cannot be predicted with certainty. Investments in royalties and similar instruments could be subject to certain regulations governing contingent payment debt instruments (“CPDIs”) which could cause the Fund, and consequently investors in the United States to recognize taxable income accruing on a CPDI in advance of, or without, receiving any cash payable on the CPDI. Additionally, all or a portion of the gain recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of a CPDI generally will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as ordinary interest income (rather than capital gain).
Investments in Contingent Payment Agreements will also expose the Fund to counterparty risk, as returns to the Fund will depend on timely payment by the issuer. If an issuer contests amounts due to the Fund, is unwilling or unable to pay amounts due to the Fund, or undergoes a bankruptcy or similar proceeding that negatively impacts the Fund’s rights to royalty or other payments, it could have a materially adverse impact on the performance of the
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Fund. Further, the Fund may become involved in litigation or other possible disputes in respect of such contested amounts, which could result in the Fund incurring substantial costs and potentially harm the relationship between the Fund and the relevant issuer (or other issuers).
Investments in the Communications Industry. The Fund may make investments in companies involved in the communications industry. Communications companies in developed and emerging countries are undergoing significant changes mainly due to evolving levels of governmental regulation or deregulation as well as the rapid development of communication technologies. Competitive pressures within the communications industry are intense, and the securities of communications companies may be subject to significant price volatility. In addition, because the communications industry is subject to rapid and significant changes in technology, the companies in this industry that the Fund may invest in will face competition from technologies being developed or to be developed in the future by other entities, which may make such companies’ products and services obsolete.
Alternative or Renewable Energy Investments. The Fund may invest in certain new alternative or renewable energy products and technologies based on new and unproven designs that have not reached a level of maturity that allows for a level of reliability. Such products may never become viable or develop a sustainable market. If the historical support for alternative or renewable energy development changes materially, including the prices of several types of competitive energy sources such as oil, gas or coal becoming economically more attractive, or there are changes in governmental subsidies, the Fund’s investments in alternative or renewable energy could be adversely affected. Regulators may or may not continue developing regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the oil and natural gas industry. As a result of any or all the foregoing, portfolio companies may not be able to successfully develop and commercialize these products and technologies in order to recover investment made in their development.
Risks Related to Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets. The Fund may invest in portfolio companies involved in the development, issuance, exchange, trading, holding, lending, servicing or support of virtual currencies, decentralized application tokens, protocol token and other cryptofinance coins, tokens and digital assets and other instruments that are based on blockchain, distributed ledger or similar technologies (“Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets”). Companies operating in the Cryptocurrency and Digital Assets sector face significant risks, including limited operating histories, a rapidly developing regulatory environment, and the fast pace of technological change leading to products and services becoming obsolete or failing to gain market share as more advanced technologies emerge. Several factors may affect and result in the volatility of the price of Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets, including but not limited to: supply and demand, investors’ expectations with respect to the rate of inflation, interest rates, currency exchange rates, overall market sentiment or future regulatory measures that restrict the trading of Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets and/or derivatives of Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets or the use of Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets as a form of payment. As relatively new products and technologies, Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets have not been widely adopted. Rather, a significant portion of the demand for Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets is generated by speculators and investors seeking to profit from the short- or long-term holding of Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets.
Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets themselves are loosely regulated and there is generally no central marketplace for currency exchange. The virtual exchanges on which Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets typically trade are relatively new and largely unregulated and may therefore be more exposed to theft, fraud and failure than established, regulated exchanges for other products. Such virtual exchanges are appealing targets for cybercrime, hackers and malware, and may cease operations due to theft, fraud, security breach, liquidity issues, anti-money laundering issues or government investigation. In addition, banks may refuse to process wire transfers to or from exchanges. Over the past several years, many exchanges have, indeed, closed due to fraud, theft, government or regulatory involvement, failure or security breaches, or banking issues.
Certain Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets may be deemed to be securities and could be regulated as such, certain Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets may be deemed to be commodities and could be regulated as such, and certain Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets may be deemed to be neither securities nor commodities. Further, many Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets may not be subject to U.S. federal regulatory oversight at all, but could be regulated by one or more U.S. state regulatory bodies or a non-U.S. regulatory authority. Such laws, regulations or
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directives may impact the price of Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets and their acceptance by users, merchants and service providers and, as a result, could significantly impact the value of the Fund’s indirect investments, via a portfolio company, in any Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets. To the extent Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets are determined to be a security, commodity interest, or other regulated asset, or a U.S., state, or foreign government or quasi-governmental agency exerts regulatory authority over Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets use, exchange, trading and ownership, the value of any Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets in which the Fund has invested indirectly via a portfolio company may be adversely affected.
Any or all of these risks have the potential to materially and adversely impact portfolio companies whose business models are focused on or have direct exposure to products or services relating to Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets. Similarly, these risks have the potential to adversely impact other portfolio companies, for example if such companies are exposed to price volatility or security risks as a result of accepting Cryptocurrency and Digital Assets as a form of payment.
Current IRS guidance indicates that Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets should be treated as property for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, because Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets are new technological innovations, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in Cryptocurrencies or Digital Assets, including information reporting thereon, or in transactions relating to such investments, may evolve and change from those described herein, possibly with retroactive effect. Any such change in the U.S. federal income tax treatment of Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets may have a negative effect on the prices of such Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets and may adversely affect the value of investments made by the Fund. In this regard, the IRS has indicated that it has made it a priority to issue additional guidance related to the taxation of virtual currency transactions, such as transactions involving Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets. While it has started to issue such additional guidance, whether any future guidance will adversely affect the U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets or in transactions relating to investments in Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets is unknown. Moreover, the Biden administration in the United States recently proposed changes to the Code relating to Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets, which include, among other things: imposing a digital asset mining energy excise tax, applying the wash sale rules to digital assets, amending the mark-to-market rules to include digital assets and requiring additional information reporting on foreign digital asset accounts. Additional U.S. tax legislation may also be proposed in the future. It is not possible at this time to predict whether or to what extent any changes in the Code will occur with respect to Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets or what impact such changes would have on the treatment of Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Additionally, because Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets are new technological innovations, the tax treatment of Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets for non-U.S., state and local tax purposes, including without limitation state and local income and sales and use taxes, is not settled. It is uncertain what guidance, if any, on the treatment of Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets for non-U.S., state and local tax purposes may be issued in the future. A non-U.S., state or local government authority’s guidance on the tax treatment of Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets may have negative consequences, including the imposition of a greater tax burden on investors in Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets or the imposition of a greater cost on the acquisition and disposition of Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets generally. Any such treatment may have a negative effect on prices of Cryptocurrencies and Digital Assets and may adversely affect the value of investments made by the Fund.
Investments in Certain Other Sectors and/or Industries. There may be other sector or industry-specific risks which may, but not necessarily, relate to other Fund investments. For example, an investment may experience significant adverse effects, which in turn, could adversely affect the performance of the Fund, if: (i) it is dependent upon obtaining certain government approvals or third-party reimbursements (including from the government) but fails to receive them; (ii) the ACA is replaced, modified or repealed; (iii) a government intervenes in regards to healthcare pricing policies; (iv) consumers spending materially decreases; (v) volatility in the aerospace industry continues; (vi) a country in which an agriculture or timber-related investment is made experiences adverse economic conditions; (vii) it fails to obtain underwriting or reinsurance contracts, to the extent required; (viii) there are unexpected market and/or economic changes in the transportation or shipping sector; (ix) the price of commodities continue to experience high levels of volatility; (x) it fails to effectively compete in the technology sector and/or the technology sector as a whole declines; or (xi) the profitability of the financial services industry is adversely affected
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by increasing competition and/or financial innovations, operational risks (e.g. security breaches) or the worsening of general economic conditions, including by the monetary, fiscal or other policies of governments.
Direct and Secondary Investments in Underlying Funds
Investments in Underlying Funds. The Fund may invest across private equity funds, secondaries funds and other vehicles, including those managed, advised or sponsored by TPG (each such fund or vehicle in which the Fund may invest, including Third-Party Manager-led Funds (as defined below), an “Underlying Fund”). The interests of the Fund, as an investor in an Underlying Fund, could conflict with the interests of the Underlying Fund or TPG or its affiliates in their capacity as service provider to an Underlying Fund, which would create a conflict of interest for TPG.
The general partner of an Underlying Fund will often enter into side letters or other similar agreements with certain investors in an Underlying Fund in connection with their admission to the Underlying Fund without the approval of any other investor in such Underlying Fund, which would have the effect of establishing rights under or altering or supplementing the terms of the governing document(s) of such Underlying Fund with respect to such investors in a manner more favorable to such investors than those rights or terms applicable to other investors. Such side agreements may permit such investors to take actions on the basis of information not available to other investors that do not have the benefit of such agreements. Any rights or terms so established in a side letter with an investor will govern solely with respect to such investor and will not require the approval of any other investor. The Fund, when making an investment in an Underlying Fund, will be under no obligation to seek a side letter in respect of any Underlying Fund in which it invests, in which case investors in the Fund will not receive the benefit of side letter provisions that other investors in such Underlying Fund receive or that such investor may have otherwise received in connection with a direct investment in such Underlying Fund.
Non-Controlling Interests in Third-Party Manager-led Funds; Reliance on Third-Party Managers and Company Management. The Fund may invest in or otherwise hold an interest in investment funds, managed accounts, continuation vehicles or other investment arrangements sponsored, managed or advised by third-party asset management firms (the “Third-Party Manager-led Funds”). The Fund will have limited opportunities to control the day-to-day operation of such Third-Party Manager-led Funds, including investment and disposition decisions, or to protect its position in such Third-Party Manager-led Funds, nor will it generally have the right to remove the managers thereof. The success of the Fund’s investment in any Third-Party Manager-led Fund will be substantially dependent upon the capabilities and performance of the managers (each a “Third-Party Manager”) to such Third-Party Manager-led Funds and the company management of the underlying portfolio companies, which will include representatives of other financial investors with whom the Fund is not affiliated and whose interests may conflict with the interests of the Fund. Although investors (such as the Fund) in Third-Party Manager-led Funds and other structured secondary transactions typically retain enhanced governance and other rights (and may participate in the initial structuring and customizing of portfolios of a Third-Party Manager-led Fund), once such a transaction is complete, the Third-Party Managers will generally have broad discretion in structuring, negotiating, purchasing, financing, monitoring and eventually divesting the underlying assets of the Third-Party Manager-led Funds. Further, should a Third-Party Manager for any reason cease to participate in the management of the underlying assets and/or the Third-Party Manager-led Funds, the performance of the relevant Third-Party Manager-led Fund (and consequently the Fund) could be adversely affected.
Although TPG will attempt to evaluate each Third-Party Manager-led Fund based on criteria such as the performance history of the Third-Party Manager, the Third-Party Manager-led Fund and the underlying portfolio companies as well as the Third-Party Manager-led Fund’s investment strategies, such information may not be a reliable indicator of future results. Moreover, the Fund will typically not have the opportunity to evaluate future investments (if any) to be made by a Third-Party Manager-led Fund and, generally, will have limited or, in some circumstances, no ability to dispose of its investment in a Third-Party Manager-led Fund, either in the manner or at the time TPG prefers, if TPG is dissatisfied with such Third-Party Manager-led Fund’s performance. Accordingly, the returns of the Fund with respect to investments in Third-Party Manager-led Funds will be largely dependent upon the performance of the Third-Party Managers and could be substantially adversely affected by any unfavorable performance.
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The Fund may invest in or otherwise hold an interest in Third-Party Managers. Among the factors that TPG will typically consider in selecting such Third-Party Managers for investment is a record of strong financial performance. However, the past performance of any such Third-Party Manager is not necessarily indicative of its future performance. There is no assurance that such Third-Party Manager will achieve similar revenues or profits in the future. While it is expected that the Fund’s investment team will periodically meet with the management of Third-Party Managers in which the Fund invests and that the Fund may negotiate contractual terms requiring such Third-Party Managers to periodically provide the Fund with certain information, TPG generally will not have the opportunity to evaluate the specific strategies employed by the Third-Party Managers and their funds and the Fund will not have an active role in the day-to-day management of the Third-Party Managers.
Subjective decisions made by the Management Company may cause the Fund and/or influence Third-Party Manager-led Funds (and therefore indirectly the Fund to the extent of its interests therein) to incur losses, miss profitable investment opportunities or otherwise not maximize risk-adjusted returns. The success of the Fund is dependent on a variety of factors, including the expertise of the Third-Party Managers and the Management Company’s investment professionals.
Risks of Performance of Underlying Assets. The individual assets in which an Underlying Fund invests may involve a high degree of business and financial risk. These Underlying Funds and assets may have operating losses or significant variations in operating results and may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence. Underlying Funds may also hold investments in companies that are experiencing or are expected to experience financial difficulties, which may never be overcome. In addition, they may have weak financial conditions and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, to finance expansion or to maintain their competitive positions. To the extent a portfolio company in which an Underlying Fund has invested receives additional funding in subsequent financings and such Underlying Fund or the Fund does not participate in such additional financing rounds, the interests of such Underlying Fund and/or the Fund, as applicable, in such portfolio company would be diluted. Underlying Funds may face intense competition, including competition from companies with greater financial resources, more extensive development, manufacturing, marketing, and other capabilities and a larger number of qualified managerial and technical personnel. Many of the Underlying Funds may be highly leveraged, which may impair their ability to finance their future operations and capital needs, and may result in restrictive financial and operating covenants. As a result, such Underlying Funds’ flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions and to business opportunities may be limited. In addition, in the event that such Underlying Funds do not perform as anticipated or incur unanticipated liabilities, high leverage will magnify the adverse effect on the value of the Underlying Funds’ equity and could result in substantial diminution in, or the total loss of, equity investments in such Underlying Funds.
Highly Competitive and Dynamic Market for Investment Opportunities. The market for sourcing and executing Underlying Fund transactions is highly competitive, evolving rapidly, and involves a high degree of uncertainty. There can therefore be no assurance that the Fund will be able to locate, complete and exit investments that satisfy the Fund’s rate of return objectives. The Fund will be competing for investments with many other investors, including, without limitation, other investment partnerships and corporations, sovereign wealth funds, domestic and international public pension plans, individuals, financial institutions and other investors. Some of these competitors may have stronger relationships, more relevant experience, greater financial and other resources and/or more personnel than TPG. Further, over the past several years, an increasing number of private equity funds have been formed to target these transactions (and many existing funds (including more traditional secondaries funds) have grown substantially in size and increased their focus on this market). Additional funds with similar objectives may also be formed in the future by other unrelated parties. More generally, the availability of attractive investment opportunities will be subject to market conditions (such as interest rates and other macro-economic factors) and to structural conditions in the private capital markets, such as supply/demand for illiquid private funds as an asset class, the performance and value of investments held by private funds and the ability of such funds to realize, recapitalize and/or refinance their own investments in order to return capital to their investors. Higher valuations and increased liquidity and return of capital in the private funds market may result in fewer attractive investment opportunities being available for the Fund. Likewise, changes in the prevailing terms and structures of
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private equity funds may impact the availability of opportunities, and the future pace and direction of such changes is difficult to anticipate.
TPG expects to source a substantial volume of its investment opportunities through TPG personnel, relationships and various platforms. To the extent these sourcing channels do not present TPG with a sufficient volume of investment opportunities, or the opportunities presented are not suitable for investment by the Fund, the Fund’s performance will be adversely affected.
Complex Transactions of Underlying Funds. Underlying Funds’ transactions can be extremely complex and time-consuming. They are frequently conducted through competitive processes (such as auctions) that may exacerbate pricing pressures and/or heighten the degree of execution difficulty. They may also be dependent upon multiple and uncertain consent processes involving underlying fund investors, lenders and other counterparties, co-investors and others. Finally, they may be of a size or nature that requires the Fund to arrange or syndicate participation by other buyers, and such contingent financing arrangements may prevent the Fund from successfully executing any given transaction. Even in situations where the Fund has expended considerable resources pursuing and negotiating a deal, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be successful in closing on an acquisition. This may result in unrecouped costs and expenses, which will be borne by the Fund, and may adversely affect the Fund’s overall performance.
Contingent Liabilities and Expanded Exposure Associated with Underlying Fund Interests Acquired in Secondary Transactions. The Fund may acquire Underlying Fund interests through secondary transactions, in which case the Fund may acquire contingent liabilities of the seller of such interest (e.g., an indemnification obligation in respect of an act or omission occurring prior to the date of the Fund’s purchase of such interests). Where the seller has received distributions from the relevant private investment fund and, subsequently, that private investment fund recalls one or more of these distributions, the Fund (as the purchaser of the interest to which such distributions are attributable and not the seller) may be obligated to return monies equivalent to such distributions to the private investment fund. While the Fund may, in some circumstances, make a claim against the seller for any such monies so paid to the applicable private investment fund, there can be no assurances that the Fund would prevail on any such claim. Further, the purchase or sale of an Underlying Fund interest through a secondary transaction will often be subject to the consent of the general partner of the relevant Underlying Fund or otherwise on behalf of such fund and other qualification requirements and/or conditions may make such purchase more difficult or, ultimately, prevent it.
Additionally, certain of such investments that are interests in investment funds with material undrawn commitments generally will expose investors to more volatility in political, market and economic conditions and general market trends occurring after the formation of the Fund and over a long-term period while other investments that are investment funds that are more mature in their term may expose investors to the effects of political, market and economic conditions and general market trends that occurred prior to the formation of the Fund as well as future volatility in such conditions.
In addition, the Fund will likely have opportunities to participate in “stapled secondaries” (e.g., a transaction within the Fund’s investment focus, but that in addition requires a corresponding commitment to a new fund in formation sponsored by the investment manager generating the transaction the Fund participates in). In certain instances, the purchase of an interest in the new fund may be less attractive than the transaction within the Fund’s investment focus.
No Assurance as to Maturity, Redemption, Liquidation or Disposal of Investments in Underlying Funds. While many Underlying Funds will have maturity or redemption dates, or will otherwise be liquidated or disposed of, such maturity or redemption dates may be extended. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to sell or otherwise dispose of an Underlying Fund investment at a time that TPG considers to be economically opportune or at all.
Termination of the Fund’s Interest in an Underlying Fund. If the Fund fails to satisfy one or more capital calls made by an Underlying Fund, among other things, the Fund’s interests in such Underlying Fund may be
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terminated or reduced, the Fund may be assessed penalties or other fees, the Fund may lose its voting and other rights that it has with respect to such Underlying Fund and the Fund may be precluded from making further contributions to such Underlying Fund. In addition, an Underlying Fund may terminate the Fund’s interest in such Underlying Fund if the Third-Party Manager determines that the continued participation of the Fund in such Underlying Fund would have an adverse effect on such Underlying Fund or is prohibited by applicable law or under circumstances similar to the foregoing. The occurrence of any of these events could adversely affect the Fund’s performance and operations.
Effect of Multiple Levels of Fees and Expenses on Returns. The Fund will bear its direct expenses and management costs, as well as its pro rata share of certain expenses and management costs incurred directly or indirectly by certain Underlying Funds in which it invests. Underlying Funds that are themselves investment funds or other managed vehicles impose performance-based allocations or fees, management fees and other expenses. Such allocations, fees and expenses would be in addition to those of the Fund’s. With respect to the Fund’s investments in other TPG funds (other than secondary investments in other TPG funds made as part of a portfolio transaction), the Fund is not expected to pay or otherwise bear carried interest, management fees or other incentive compensation in connection with its investments in such other TPG funds, in which case such carried interest, management fees or other incentive compensation paid will be rebated dollar-for-dollar. The Fund also does not expect to be reimbursed for any fees paid to the Third-Party Managers of Underlying Funds or in respect of such secondary investments in Underlying Funds sponsored by TPG and its affiliates made as part of a portfolio transaction (i.e., there will be “double fees” involved in making such investments which would not arise if the Limited Partner were to invest in the Underlying Fund directly (including where the Underlying Fund is managed, advised or sponsored by TPG and its affiliates), because the General Partner, the Management Company and/or their respective affiliates may receive fees with respect to the management of the Fund, on the one hand, and the Underlying Fund manager (including where such manager is a TPG affiliate) may receive additional fees with respect to the management of such Underlying Fund, on the other hand). This will result in more expenses being borne by investors than if investors were able to invest directly in the underlying assets of such Underlying Funds. In addition, there will be organizational and operating expenses associated with Underlying Funds that the Fund will bear a portion of. These various levels of costs and expenses will be charged whether or not the performance of the Fund generates positive returns for investors. As a result, the Fund, and indirectly investors in the Fund, will bear multiple levels of expenses, which in the aggregate will exceed the expenses which would typically be incurred by an investment in a single fund investment, and which will reduce the Fund’s profits. In addition, because of fees and expenses payable by the Fund, returns to investors will be lower than the returns to a direct investor in the underlying Third-Party Managers and their Underlying Funds. Such fees and expenses are expected to materially reduce the actual returns to investors. Fees and expenses of the Fund (including advisory fees) and Underlying Funds will generally be paid regardless of whether the Fund or the relevant Underlying Funds produce positive investment returns.
Failure by Other Investors to Meet Capital Calls of Underlying Funds. The Fund, directly or indirectly, will likely be one of many investors participating in an Underlying Fund, many of which typically will have capital contribution obligations over an extended period of time (although TPG expects the Fund to invest in Underlying Funds with minimal undrawn commitments). Failure by one or more other investors to meet a capital call of an Underlying Fund could have adverse consequences for the Fund. The Underlying Fund may be permitted to require the Fund and other investors participating in the Underlying Fund to contribute additional capital to satisfy the shortfall. The Underlying Fund may not have sufficient capital from investors to contribute to existing portfolio companies necessary to ensure their ongoing financial stability. If multiple investors fail to meet capital calls from a particular Underlying Fund, such Underlying Fund could default on its obligations, which could result in the termination of such Underlying Fund, causing a lower return, or potentially a loss, on the Fund’s investments.
Consequences of the Fund’s Failure to Satisfy Capital Calls of an Underlying Fund. If the Fund does not timely meet its obligations to make capital contributions when due to any of its Underlying Funds, whether because of over-commitments by the Management Company or the General Partner, mismanagement of the Fund’s cash by the Management Company or the General Partner, or any other reason, the Fund may be subject to significant penalties under the terms of the Underlying Funds, which could have a material adverse effect on the value of the Fund’s investment in such Underlying Funds.
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Risks Relating to Investments in Asset Management or Investment Advisory Businesses. The Fund may invest in Third-Party Managers in the asset management and investment advisory businesses, or similar businesses. The asset management industry encompasses the creation and management of investment products. Companies operating in this subsector include traditional long-only and alternative platforms; managers of strategies using equity, venture capital, fixed income, commodity, hard asset, or other asset classes; and providers of both retail and institutional investment products. The revenues of asset management and investment advisory businesses are highly dependent on advisory fee income and in certain instances carried interest or similar incentive compensation. Advisory fee income, carried interest or similar incentive compensation may be negatively impacted by an absolute decline in assets under management, whether as a result of a market decline or a loss of clients, or by a shift in the mix of assets under management from equities or alternatives to fixed-income. Such a decline or shift could be caused or influenced by any number of factors, such as underperformance in absolute or relative terms, loss of key advisers or other talent, changes in investing preferences or trends, market downturns or volatility, drops in investor confidence, reputational damage, increased competition, or general economic conditions. The financial services industry is further subject to extensive regulation which directly affects the cost of doing business and any failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations could result in fines, censure, suspensions of personnel or other sanctions, including revocation of registrations as an investment advisor or broker-dealer, with respect to any Third-Party Managers (or similar advisory businesses) in which the Fund invests. Each of these risks could negatively affect any investments by the Fund in Underlying Funds involved in asset and wealth management or similar advisory businesses.
In certain cases, such investments may take the form of participations in the equity profits and/or revenue streams of Third-Party Managers. These include the risks associated with investments in businesses at an early stage of development or with little or no variations in operating results. Although the Fund may not be able to control, influence or make investment decisions taken by the Third-Party Managers in which the Fund acquire participations, the Fund may seek to have observer rights and other transparency rights with respect to such investments. It is possible that regulators or third parties will try to impose liability on the Fund in connection with the operations of such Third-Party Managers. Any such liability could adversely affect the performance of such Fund’s investment in such Third-Party Managers and thus the performance of the Fund.
If a Third-Party Manager’s investment fund experiences losses (or fails to meet performance benchmarks, including by providing its investors with a “preferred return” on their invested capital), such Third-Party Manager will not be able to earn performance-based returns from that fund until it satisfies such benchmarks.
Limited Availability of Information. Due to confidentiality considerations, certain potential and/or actual Underlying Funds may not permit the Fund to fully disclose information regarding such Underlying Funds’ investment strategies, risks, prior performance, underlying portfolio companies or other information. Additionally, information received from the Third-Party Managers of the Underlying Funds may not always be accurate or timely. This limited access to, or the untimeliness or inaccuracy of, information provided by the Third-Party Managers may make it more difficult for TPG to select, allocate among and evaluate the Underlying Funds.
Valuations. The Fund may rely on, and take into account, the reported net asset values of underlying portfolio companies and assets that they receive from the relevant Third-Party Managers. TPG will generally have limited ability to assess the accuracy of the valuations received from the Third-Party Managers in connection with the Fund’s Underlying Fund investments. Furthermore, the net asset values TPG receives in respect of the Underlying Funds may be outdated, estimates or subject to further confirmation and will typically be unaudited. However, the Fund will be entitled to rely upon, and take into account, such net asset values in its own valuation of the Fund’s investments and reporting.
More generally, there is no established market for the privately held Underlying Funds and assets in which the Underlying Funds (and thus the Fund) will invest, and there may not be any comparable companies for which public market valuations exist. As a result, the valuation of the Fund’s investments will be difficult, may be based on imperfect information and is subject to inherent uncertainties, and the resulting values may differ from values that would have been determined had a ready market existed for such investments, from values placed on such investments by other investors and from prices at which such investments may ultimately be sold. In addition, third-
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party pricing information may at times not be available regarding certain of the Underlying Funds’ and the Fund’s assets or, if available, may not be considered reliable.
Reliance on Third-Party Projections. The Fund will from time to time rely upon projections, forecasts and estimates developed by Third-Party Managers and the management of underlying portfolio companies and assets concerning the future performance and cash flow of Underlying Funds. TPG expects to diligence and investigate such information where feasible and commercially appropriate, but it will necessarily be dependent upon these third parties as to underlying data and certain assumptions and outlooks, and the Fund may make investment decisions (including as to pricing and other terms) in reliance on such projections, forecasts and estimates. Actual events are difficult to predict and beyond the Fund’s control, and may differ from those assumed. Some important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in any forward-looking statements include changes in interest rates and domestic and foreign business, market, financial or legal conditions, among others. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that estimated returns or projections can be realized or that actual returns or results for the Fund or the Underlying Funds will not be materially lower than those estimated or targeted therein.
Underlying Fund Advisory Board Liability. The Fund may obtain the right to appoint one or more representatives to the advisory board (or similar advisory body) of an Underlying Fund. Serving on the advisory board (or similar advisory body) of an Underlying Fund exposes the Fund’s representatives, and ultimately the Fund, to potential liability. Not all Underlying Funds may obtain insurance with respect to such liability, and the insurance that Underlying Funds do obtain may be insufficient to adequately protect advisory board (or similar advisory body) members from such liability. Moreover, although advisory board (or similar advisory body) members are typically entitled to indemnification, such indemnification usually contains carve outs with respect to certain conduct and, therefore, advisory board (or similar advisory body) members may be liable in such instances without indemnification.
Pooled Investments in Secondary Investments. The Fund may have the opportunity to acquire a portfolio of interests in private companies and/or investment funds from a seller on an “all or nothing” basis. Interests in certain of the companies or investment funds in the portfolio may be less attractive than others, and certain of the companies or the sponsors of such investment funds may be more familiar to the Fund than others, or may be more experienced or highly regarded than others. In such cases, it may not be possible for the Fund to carve out from such purchases those investments which are considered (for commercial, tax, legal or other reasons) less attractive. In addition, it may be more difficult for TPG to successfully value and close on investments being sold on a pooled basis.
Restrictions on Solutions Transactions. Limited partnership interests or other interests in which the Fund may seek to invest are highly illiquid and typically subject to significant transfer restrictions, including approval requirements from the Underlying Funds’ general partner in its sole discretion and other potential transfer restrictions. Completion of transfers is often time-consuming and difficult. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be successful in closing on acquisitions of secondary interest transactions, even in situations where it has signed a binding contract to acquire the investments.
Fund Restructurings. In the case where the Fund acquires an interest in an Underlying Fund as part of a fund restructuring or similar transaction, the returns from such Underlying Fund’s portfolio companies will depend significantly on the performance of the Underlying Fund and the management team of such Underlying Fund and could be substantially adversely affected by the unfavorable performance of such persons. Moreover, the historical performance of such Underlying Fund and management team is not a guarantee or prediction of their future performance, which can vary considerably. Further, in situations where the Fund undertakes a fund restructuring or a similar transaction in connection with an investment, existing limited partners in the relevant Underlying Fund may be unsupportive or recalcitrant, which may complicate the structuring of the investment and limit the Fund’s ability to fully implement the proposed restructuring of such Underlying Fund. In such circumstances, the returns from such investment may be substantially adversely affected.
Risks in Successfully Implementing Operating Improvements. In some cases, the success of the Fund’s investment strategy will depend, in part, on the ability of the management of a portfolio company to restructure and
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implement improvements in the operation of such portfolio company. The activity of identifying and implementing potential operating improvements at portfolio companies entails a high degree of uncertainty. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to successfully identify and implement such improvements. The performance of portfolio companies could be adversely affected, and the business and performance of the Fund may be adversely affected as a result thereof.
Third-Party Managers and Their Underlying Funds. Third-Party Managers and their Underlying Funds are expected to have varied investment strategies and objectives, most likely differentiating from those of the Fund. Therefore, the Fund will be subject to risks specific to the distinct business and investment profile of each Underlying Fund and its underlying portfolio companies. Such risks are expected to include, but are not limited to, the following:
Private Fund Investments. The private fund asset class comprises a wide range of strategies and investment types, and the investment strategies pursued by Third-Party Managers and their Underlying Funds are expected to vary, which investment strategies are expected to include but not be limited to private equity, venture capital, real estate and other real asset, senior credit, public capital and opportunistic investing. There are many investment-related risks associated with such types of investments which could impair the performance and value of the Fund’s investments. In addition to the foregoing investment-related risks (which also generally apply to the underlying investments by such Underlying Funds), the following is a non-exhaustive list of certain of such investment-related risks:
Private Illiquid Investments. The Underlying Funds are generally expected to invest in private illiquid securities and investments (among other types of securities), which are often long-term in nature and subject to restrictions on resale. As a result, there is a significant risk that the Third-Party Managers may be unable to dispose of investments at attractive prices and/or that they will otherwise be unable to complete any exit strategy of their underlying funds. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Illiquidity; Market for Fund Investments” above.
Controlling Interests. The Underlying Funds may take controlling interests in a substantial portion of their underlying portfolio companies under management. Their exercise of control over their portfolio companies may impose additional risks of liability for a variety of reasons. If these liabilities were to arise, such Underlying Funds (and indirectly the Fund) might suffer a significant loss. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Controlling Interests and Provision of Third-Party Managerial Assistance” above.
Broad Investment Mandate. The investment strategy of private funds is generally opportunistic in nature and covers a broad range of asset classes, geographic regions and industries. The Underlying Funds may make investments throughout the capital structure of an issuer such as mezzanine securities, senior secured debt, bank debt, unsecured debt, convertible bonds and preferred and common stock and across asset classes. Such Underlying Funds may also make equity, credit and/or debt investments that involve control or influence over an underlying entity. Additionally, the Underlying Funds may invest in any number of companies operating in a wide range of industries, geographies or activities, and as a result, may be exposed to a wide range of risks. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Broad Investment Mandate” above.
Buyout Investments. The Underlying Funds in which the Fund invests may themselves invest in leveraged buyouts, which by their nature require companies to undertake a high ratio of leverage to available income. Leveraged companies are inherently more sensitive to declines in revenues and increases in expenses.
Venture Capital Investments. The Underlying Funds may themselves invest in venture capital investments. Such investments generally involve more risk than investments in private equity funds focused on later-stage investing, due to the nature of the companies in which venture capital
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investments are made. Venture capital investing tends to be more speculative; there is a greater risk of loss, which may be up to the entire amount invested because the underlying companies are generally attempting to do business in nascent or developing areas (in which the business models are not yet proven); and the competition for gaining market share or a proven product may be particularly intense. Investments in Underlying Funds that make venture capital investments are highly illiquid, and there is no guarantee that any applicable Underlying Funds (and in turn, the Fund) will be able to realize its investments in the expected timeframe. In many instances, a venture capital investment may require additional infusions of capital in order to protect earlier investments, although there is no guarantee that such additional investments will lead to a successful investment by an Underlying Fund that makes such investments.
Real Estate Investments: The Underlying Funds may themselves invest in real estate private equity investments. Real estate private equity investments are subject to special risks including, but not limited to: (i) fluctuations in the overall economy, (ii) national and local real estate conditions, (iii) dependence on cash flow, (iv) interest rate risk, (v) management direction and quality, (vi) increased competition with respect to rental rates, (vii) property attractiveness and location, (viii) financial condition of tenants, buyers and sellers of property, (ix) quality of maintenance, insurance and management services, (x) natural disasters, (xi) changes in real estate taxes and other operating expenses, (xii) liability arising out of the presence of certain construction materials, (xiii) uninsurable losses and other factors beyond the control of the applicable Third-Party Managers, and (xiv) changes in operating costs. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Investments in Real Estate” above.
Revenue Participation Rights; Equity Interests. While investments in the Third-Party Managers are expected to offer the opportunity for capital gains, such investments involve a high degree of business and financial risk and can result in substantial losses. These risks include, but are not limited to, risks associated with investments in the Third-Party Managers or their Underlying Funds at an early stage of development or with little or no variations in operating results. Although it is anticipated that the Fund will not control (i.e., acquire a controlling interest or control voting board seats) or make decisions on behalf of any Third-Party Manager, TPG intends for the Fund to own economic interests in the Third-Party Managers and may seek to have observer rights and other transparency rights with respect to such Third-Party Manager. It is possible that third parties (including regulators) will try to impose liability on the Fund in connection with the operations of the Third-Party Managers. If successful, any such liability could adversely affect the performance of the Fund. The Fund’s interests in the Third-Party Managers may be subordinated to indebtedness or other interests that rank senior to the Fund’s investment. By their terms, such instruments may provide that their holders are entitled to receive payments of dividends, interest or principal on or before the dates on which payments are to be made in respect of the Fund’s investment. Also, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of an underlying portfolio company, holders of securities ranking senior to the Fund’s investment would typically be entitled to receive payment in full before distributions could be made to the Fund. After repaying senior security holders, the underlying portfolio company may not have any remaining assets to use for repaying amounts owed to the Fund. To the extent that any assets remain, holders of claims that rank equally with the Fund’s investment would likely be entitled to share only on an equal and ratable basis in distributions that are made out of those assets.
The Third-Party Managers may also have “benchmarks”, “hurdles” or “preferred returns” whereby the investment management company does not earn performance-based income during the current period, as a result of losses in prior periods (or where current period results did not satisfy such benchmarks, hurdles or preferred returns), even though the managed investment funds had positive returns in the current period. If an Underlying Fund experiences losses (or fails to meet performance benchmarks or preferred returns), such Third-Party Managers will not be able to earn performance-based returns from that Third-Party Manager’s Underlying Fund until it satisfies such benchmarks or preferred returns.
The returns on the Fund’s investments in the Third-Party Managers will depend on the profitability of the Third-Party Managers, who will retain control over the operations, budgets, expenses, compensation and revenues of
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their respective firms. It is possible that a Third-Party Manager may make decisions in the exercise of its discretion over these items that may adversely affect its performance or cash flows available for distribution by the Fund.
The Third-Party Managers may make distributions to the Fund that are subject to clawback arrangements. The terms of the Fund’s investments in the Third-Party Managers may require the Fund to return such distributions upon the occurrence of certain circumstances. See also “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Clawback Payments to Third-Party Managers and Their Underlying Funds” below.
Investors Will Not Have Direct Interests in Third-Party Managers. The offering of the Units of the Fund does not constitute a direct or indirect offering of interests in any Third-Party Manager. Investors will not be limited partners of, or equity holders in, any Third-Party Manager, will have no direct interest in any Third-Party Manager and will have no voting rights in a Third-Party Manager or standing or recourse against any Third-Party Manager by reason of their investment in the Fund. Moreover, none of the investors will have the right to participate in the control, management or operations or have any discretion over the management, of any Third-Party Manager by reason of their investment in the Fund.
Third-Party Managers’ Internal Conflicts. Third-Party Managers and/or their affiliates will experience various internal conflicts of interest similar to those faced by the Fund and there can be no assurance that such conflicts of interest will be resolved in a manner that is favorable to the Fund or its Underlying Fund investments. One type of conflict of interest involves the overlap of investment strategies by different investment funds managed by a Third-Party Manager in which the Fund acquires an interest. Such overlapping investment strategies may result in conflicts related to such Third-Party Manager’s allocation of investment opportunities among its clients, and there can be no assurance that allocation decisions will be resolved by the Third-Party Manager in a way that is favorable to the Fund and its Underlying Fund investments. In addition, such Third-Party Managers may engage in other transactions with affiliated parties on terms and conditions not determined through arm’s-length negotiations. TPG will often not be in position to monitor these sorts of conflicts of interest and such conflicts of interest may diminish returns to investors.
Misconduct and Regulatory Non-Compliance and Fund Reputation; Bad Acts of Third-Party Managers or Employees. The Fund’s investments in Third-Party Managers and their Underlying Funds may expose the Fund to public scrutiny. In an industry that is reliant to a very large extent on reputation and regulatory compliance, regulatory non-compliance and misconduct by portfolio managers or employees of a Third-Party Manager, a Third-Party Manager’s Underlying Funds, their portfolio companies or its third-party service providers could cause significant losses, directly or indirectly, to a Third-Party Manager’s Underlying Funds and/or its portfolio companies and, consequently, to the Fund. In addition, portfolio managers, employees and third-party service providers of a Third-Party Manager or any Underlying Fund may improperly use or disclose confidential information, which could result in litigation or serious financial harm, including limiting an Underlying Fund’s business prospects or future marketing activities.
It will be difficult and likely impossible for TPG to protect the Fund from the risk of Third-Party Manager fraud, misrepresentation or material strategy alteration. Third-Party Managers will be motivated to pay out greater portions of their revenue as salaries, bonuses and other similar expenses, in order to shift income that would otherwise be shared with the Fund to expenses that are payable to other principals of such Third-Party Manager that are also employees. If a Third-Party Manager acts inconsistently with applicable laws and regulations or takes actions that cause disrepute, such actions are likely to adversely affect the Fund in its capacity as an investor in the Third-Party Manager, and could damage the Fund’s reputation, which can be expected to adversely impact the Fund’s ability to complete investments in other Third-Party Managers and realize its investment objective.
While TPG performs a detailed assessment on Third-Party Managers on a variety of key investment, operational and legal areas, there can be no assurance that such assessment will identify or prevent any such misconduct or all other potential risks, problems or issues with the Third-Party Managers or other Underlying Funds, which may negatively impact the performance of the Fund.
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Lack of Regulatory Oversight of Underlying Funds. Underlying Funds are not expected to be registered as investment companies under the 1940 Act. Certain Third-Party Managers may not be registered as investment advisers under the Advisers Act. Therefore, the Fund will not be afforded certain protections provided by such acts.
Attractiveness to Third-Party Managers of an Investment by the Fund. The Fund’s structure, affiliation with TPG and/or investment objective may impair its ability to complete investments. TPG may seek to negotiate certain realization and monetization strategies including but not limited to liquidity events such as a sale of all or some of the Fund’s interests in an Underlying Fund. A prospective Third-Party Manager may not be interested in investments by the Fund if required to disclose information that might be made public as part of a liquidity event or if it may ultimately result in an interest in such Third-Party Manager potentially becoming one indirectly held by a publicly traded entity. In addition, while a portfolio company may feel comfortable with the Fund being a minority owner of its business, the associated Third-Party Manager may not have the same view for potential transferees and, as such, may not approve a partial or full sale of the Fund’s interest in such Third-Party Manager or other Underlying Fund.
Limited Transparency. Although the Fund will not control or make investment decisions with respect to a Third-Party Manager’s or Underlying Fund’s operations, it may seek to influence or obtain certain favorable terms, such as a certain level of information from an Underlying Fund or observer rights with respect to such operations. Some Third-Party Managers may be unwilling to grant transparency rights for a variety of reasons, including due to confidentiality concerns. Alternatively, the Fund and/or its respective affiliates may elect not to receive certain information from an Underlying Fund that it otherwise may have been entitled to receive, such as MNPI about an Underlying Fund in order to avoid trading restrictions for the Fund or its affiliates.
Third-Party Managers’ Investments in Public Company Holdings. A Third-Party Manager’s Underlying Funds it manages may include publicly held companies, and, although unlikely, the Fund may invest directly in a publicly held Third-Party Manager or other publicly held Underlying Fund and/or portfolio company. Such investments may subject the Fund to risks that differ in type or degree from those involved with investments in privately held companies. Such risks include greater volatility in the valuation of such companies, increased obligations to disclose information regarding such companies, limitations on the ability of the relevant Third-Party Managers and/or the Fund to dispose of such securities and debt at certain times, increased likelihood of shareholder litigation and insider trading allegations against such companies’ executives and board members, including the principals of the Third-Party Managers and/or the Fund, and increased costs associated with each of the aforementioned risks.
Third-Party Managers May Make Commitments in Excess of Their Underlying Funds’ Capital Commitments. Third-Party Managers may make commitments to investments in excess of the total capital committed to funds managed or advised by such Third-Party Manager. As a result, in certain circumstances, a Third-Party Manager’s Underlying Fund may need to retain distributions from its investments or recall distributions or liquidate certain of its investments prematurely at potentially significant discounts to market value if that Third-Party Manager’s Underlying Fund does not generate sufficient cash flow from its Underlying Funds to meet these commitments. Likewise, the Fund may also be exposed to these risks if the Fund does not generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy its recall obligations to a Third-Party Manager’s Underlying Fund.
Clawback Payments to Third-Party Managers and Their Underlying Funds. Third-Party Managers or their Underlying Funds may make distributions to the Fund that are then distributed by the Fund to investors that are subject to clawback arrangements. For example, the terms of the Fund’s investments in an Underlying Fund may require the Fund to return such distributions to the Third-Party Manager or that Third-Party Manager’s Underlying Fund upon the occurrence of certain circumstances, such as, but not limited to, the failure of a fund managed by the Third-Party Manager to achieve an overall level of profitability. Accordingly, the Fund may set aside amounts otherwise distributable to investors for the purpose of making clawback payments to the Third-Party Managers, should they arise. Amounts set aside to fund clawback payments will reduce the amount of funds available for either distribution to investors or for making additional investments.
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Termination of Certain Third-Party Managers’ Underlying Funds. The governing documents of a Third-Party Manager’s Underlying Fund may permit such Underlying Fund’s investors to terminate the Underlying Fund, or the applicable Third-Party Manager’s investment management agreement with such Underlying Fund, in either case without the approval of the applicable Third-Party Manager. In the event that an Underlying Fund or an investment management agreement is terminated pursuant to such a provision, the applicable Third-Party Manager will no longer be able to earn revenue from the management of such Underlying Fund, which would adversely affect the profitability of the Fund’s investment in such Third-Party Manager or that Third-Party Manager’s Underlying Fund.
Changes in Expected Investment Objectives of Third-Party Managers. Third-Party Managers may have the ability to change their investment objectives and strategies and economic and other terms of their funds after the Fund has made its investments in such Third-Party Managers and any such change may be adversely different than the Fund’s expectations. The Fund may be unable to reduce or withdraw its investments.
Ability of Third-Party Managers to Enter New Lines of Business. A Third-Party Manager may enter into new lines of business not anticipated by the Fund at the time the Fund made its investment in the Third-Party Manager or that Third-Party Manager’s Underlying Fund(s). The Fund will likely not have the ability to prevent a Third-Party Manager from taking such action and may not have the ability to reduce or withdraw its investment following such a decision. As a result, such a decision by a Third-Party Manager may negatively impact the performance of the Fund.
Third-Party Manager Indemnification. The governing documents of the Third-Party Managers’ Underlying Funds managed or advised by such Third-Party Managers are expected to include provisions that would require such Underlying Fund to indemnify their general partners or investment managers and their respective current and former partners, members, officers, directors, stockholders, agents, employees, personnel and other affiliates and any other person who serves at the request of their general partners or investment managers for certain claims, losses, judgments, damages and expenses arising out of their activities on behalf of such Underlying Fund. Such indemnification obligations would decrease the returns to the investors in the Third-Party Manager’s Underlying Fund and, consequently, to the Fund. Furthermore, to the extent that the assets of a Third-Party Manager’s Underlying Funds are insufficient to satisfy such indemnification obligations, the Fund may be liable to the extent of any previous distributions it received from that Underlying Fund. If the Fund is required to return a distribution previously received from a Third-Party Manager’s Underlying Fund, and the Fund has already distributed such funds to its investors, the remaining investors may bear a disproportionate share of the loss to the extent such funds are not subject to recall by the Fund. In addition, the Fund may be required to indemnify a Third-Party Manager or its Underlying Funds for certain claims, losses, damages, judgments and expenses arising out of any breach by the Fund of representations, warranties, certifications, covenants or agreements made to or with the Third-Party Manager and/or a Third-Party Manager’s fund which may have been caused by an investor breach. Depending on the timing and magnitude of any amount paid or payable by the Fund, such indemnification obligation could adversely impact the Fund and the value of any investor’s interest.
Investments in Multiple Alternative Asset Management Firms. While investment in a variety of asset management firms may provide some diversification of investment risk, no assurance can be given that such diversification will occur, or if it does, that it will not reduce, rather than increase, potential net profits. Also, investment in multiple investment management firms may cause the Fund to indirectly hold opposing positions in an underlying investment, thereby negating, in whole or in part, the positive returns, if any, from such investments. Third-Party Managers that employ similar investment strategies and make overlapping investments may result in the Fund having increased exposure with respect to such underlying investments. Additionally, Third-Party Managers may have overlapping investment interests, may participate in the same auction process for a prospective investment and/or may oppose one another as buyer and seller in respect of an investment. Such an overlap of interests may result in competition between such Third-Party Managers for the same investment opportunities. In addition, such Third-Party Managers may engage in other transactions with affiliated parties on terms and conditions not determined through arm’s-length negotiations. TPG is not expected to be in position to monitor these sorts of conflicts of interest and such conflicts of interest may diminish returns to the investors.
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Underlying Fund Accounting and Reporting. If an Underlying Fund under-reports to the Fund the amount of revenues or income (as applicable) that it has generated or attempts to use other accounting or other methods in order to avoid its obligations to share revenues or income (as applicable) with the Fund, the Fund may be adversely affected. In connection with its investments in Third-Party Managers and Underlying Funds, TPG intends for the Fund to seek investment terms designed to prevent any such under-reporting or similar circumvention of the Fund’s economic participation, including rights for the Fund to receive periodic and other reports and similar information from an Underlying Fund, rights to inspect financial records and/or a requirement that professional outside accountants periodically audit the financial reports of a particular Underlying Fund. However, there is no assurance that such investment terms will fully protect the Fund from such risks.
Similarly, while TPG typically intends to ascertain what, if any, transaction fees or directors’, advisory, consulting, monitoring, banking or other similar types of fees the Third-Party Managers receive from their Underlying Fund and underlying portfolio companies, as well as the extent to which such other fees are offset against the management fees that are earned by the Third-Party Managers, TPG will not be in a position to negotiate the level of any such offset or to determine whether such managers are correctly calculating such other fees or fee offsets.
Certain Legal and Regulatory Risks
Fund Not Registered as an Investment Company or Broker-Dealer. While the Fund may, in some respects, resemble an investment company, the Fund has not registered, and it does not intend to register, as such under the 1940 Act or similar laws of any other jurisdiction, and, accordingly, the provisions of the 1940 Act will not be applicable to it. These provisions are designed to protect investors by, for example, requiring investment companies to have a majority of disinterested directors, imposing certain custody requirements and regulating the relationship between the advisor and the investment company.
In addition, neither the General Partner nor the Management Company is registered as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or with FINRA, and consequently is not subject to the record-keeping or specific business practice provisions of the Exchange Act or the rules of FINRA.
Extensive Government Regulation. The extensive government regulation of certain industries in which the Fund is expected to invest creates additional uncertainty and risks for the Fund. Obtaining regulatory approval can be a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. Portfolio companies might be unable to obtain necessary regulatory approvals on a timely basis, if at all, and the failure to obtain approval could have a material, adverse effect on the performance of the portfolio companies. If the Fund is unable to obtain necessary regulatory approvals (including any antitrust or similar approvals) on a timely basis, the Fund might not be able to consummate all or part of the relevant investment (in which case such investment, or a portion thereof, could be made by another party) and the Fund might incur additional costs and expenses. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Governmental Licenses.”
In addition, new laws and regulations, as well as new interpretations of existing laws and regulations, could impose more stringent limitations on a portfolio company’s planned operations or require a portfolio company to incur significant additional costs.
Change of Law Risk. In addition to the risks regarding regulatory approvals, it should be noted that government counterparties or agencies may have the discretion to implement or change or increase regulation of the operations of the Fund and its portfolio companies. The Fund and its investments also could be materially and adversely affected as a result of statutory or regulatory changes or judicial or administrative interpretations of existing laws and regulations that impose more comprehensive or stringent requirements. Governments have considerable discretion in implementing regulations, including, for example, the possible imposition or increase of taxes on income earned by or from a portfolio company or gains recognized by the Fund on its investment in a portfolio company, that could impact the portfolio company’s business as well as the Fund’s return on investment.
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1940 Act Considerations. The Fund currently intends to rely upon the exclusion from the definition of “investment company” set out in Section 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act. Reliance on Section 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act requires, among other things, that each purchaser be a “qualified purchaser.” A “qualified purchaser,” as such term is defined in the 1940 Act, including the rules and regulations thereunder, includes a natural person who owns not less than $5 million in investments or a company, acting for its own account or the accounts of other qualified purchasers, that owns and invests on a discretionary basis not less than $25 million in investments, and certain trusts. The Fund’s subscription documents and Partnership Agreements will contain representations and restrictions on transfer designed to assure that the foregoing conditions are met.
While not currently expected, in light of the Fund’s perpetual structure, in the future, the General Partner of the Registrant may determine in its sole discretion for the Fund to seek to: (i) rely on a different exclusion from the definition of “investment company” under the 1940 Act; (ii) register as an investment company under the 1940 Act; or (iii) elect to be regulated as a business development company under the 1940 Act.
If the Fund were to rely on a different exclusion from the definition of “investment company” under the 1940 Act, it is possible a change in the value of the Fund’s assets could cause the Fund to fall within the definition of "investment company" inadvertently. As a result, the Fund may need to structure its holdings and business operations in a different manner, including restricting or limiting the scope of its operations or the types of acquisitions that it may make, modifying its organizational structure and tax treatment, or acquiring or disposing of assets that it might not have otherwise. The Fund may incur additional costs and expenses and be subject to increased regulatory scrutiny as a result of such a change. Specifically, if the General Partner were to structure the Fund’s holdings and business operations in such a manner that in the future it does not meet the definition of an “investment company” set out in Section 3(a)(1) of the 1940 Act, it is expected that the Fund’s assets would primarily consist of majority-controlled portfolio companies or general partner or co-general partner interests in joint ventures (that in turn hold majority or primary control of portfolio companies). It is expected these joint ventures would generally be alongside other TPG funds and in cases where the Fund is a co-general partner of the joint venture an other TPG fund may be the other co-general partner. In such cases the relative economic interests of the co-general partners are expected to vary from joint venture to joint venture and such other TPG fund may have certain governance rights that do not correspond with their economic interests on a pro rata basis.
Any adjustment in the Fund’s business strategy, assets, tax treatment or other matters related to a change in the Fund’s treatment under the 1940 Act could negatively impact the value of the Units. If the Fund is required to register as an investment company under the 1940 Act, the Fund would become subject to substantial regulation with respect to the Fund’s capital structure (including its ability to use borrowings), management, operations, transactions with affiliated persons (as defined in the 1940 Act), and portfolio composition, including disclosure requirements and restrictions with respect to diversification and industry concentration, and other matters.
Compliance with the 1940 Act would, accordingly, limit the Fund’s ability to make certain investments and require the Fund to significantly restructure our business plan, which could materially adversely affect the Fund’s NAV and the Fund’s ability to pay distributions to investors.
Increased Regulatory Oversight. The financial services industry generally, and the activities of private investment funds and their managers, in particular, have in recent years been subject to intense and increasing regulatory oversight. Such scrutiny may increase the Fund’s, the General Partner’s and the Management Company’s exposure to potential liabilities and will significantly increase legal, compliance and other related costs. As a result of such oversight, TPG anticipates that, in the normal course of business, TPG’s personnel will have contact with governmental authorities and need to respond to inquiries or examinations, implement new, or enhance existing, policies and procedures, and provide extensive additional disclosures and reporting to the SEC and investors. TPG also expects the Fund to be subject to regulatory inquiries concerning its securities positions, trading activities and dealings with its portfolio companies.
The implementation of the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) has resulted in extensive rulemaking and regulatory changes that affect private fund managers, the funds that they manage and the financial industry as a whole. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the SEC adopted
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rules that require reporting by registered investment advisers to private funds. Such reporting obligations have recently been expanded by the SEC, which has added costs to TPG’s legal, operations and compliance obligations and those of the Fund and the Management Company, and have increased the amount of time that the Management Company spends on non-investment-related activities.
The Dodd-Frank Act and other regulatory reform initiatives affect a broad range of market participants with whom the Fund, the General Partner and the Management Company interact or may interact, including banks, non-bank financial institutions, rating agencies, mortgage brokers, credit unions, insurance companies, custodians and other service providers, placement agents and other broker-dealers, accountants and auditors, futures commission merchants and swap dealers. It is difficult to predict future changes to the regulatory obligations of these market participants and the Fund, the General Partner and the Management Company, and such continued uncertainty may increase volatility, making it increasingly difficult for TPG to execute the Fund’s investment strategy.
In light of the heightened regulatory environment in which the General Partner, the Management Company and the Fund operate and the ever-increasing regulations applicable to private investment funds and their investment advisers, it has become increasingly expensive and time-consuming for the Management Company and its affiliates to comply with such regulatory and compliance-related obligations. Such current and future rulemaking is expected to result in increased and significant compliance costs and expenses to the Fund, including expenses of in-house services (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Certain Investment Considerations—Fund Fees and Expenses—Fund Expenses—In-House Services”). Further, such current and future rulemaking is expected to require additional resources of the Management Company being devoted to such regulatory and compliance-related obligations, which potentially will detract from the time and resources dedicated to the Fund. Any of the foregoing potentially will reduce overall returns for Limited Partners and/or have an adverse effect on the ability of the Fund to effectively achieve its investment objective.
In February 2023, the SEC proposed extensive amendments to the Advisers Act custody rule, which would, if adopted as currently proposed, extend the existing custody rule’s requirements beyond cash and securities to any positions held in an advisory client’s accounts (including assets such as real estate, artwork and rights to music catalogs); require registered investment advisers to enter into new or amended written agreements with each qualified custodian (“QC”) used to maintain client assets and obtain written assurances from that QC related to, among other matters, indemnification of client losses and the QC’s standard of care; require that a QC maintains possession or control of client assets, whereby the QC is required to participate in and effectuate any change of beneficial ownership of the assets, except with respect to certain privately offered securities and physical assets that the adviser reasonably determines (and documents) cannot be maintained by a QC in a manner in which such QC can maintain possession or control of those assets. If adopted, the proposed amendments could impose additional regulatory liability, increase compliance and other costs related to custodying the Fund’s assets (including costs of identifying and negotiating with new and existing QCs), limit the number of QCs available (or make it more costly for such QCs to operate, which might result in higher expenses to the Fund) and impose limitations or requirements on certain assets, which could result in the General Partner avoiding making certain types of investments on behalf of the Fund.
In addition, in July 2023, the SEC proposed new predictive data analytics rules, which would require broker-dealers and registered investment advisers to identify certain covered technologies (defined to include any analytical, technological, or computational function, algorithm, model, correlation matrix, or similar method or process that optimizes for, predicts, guides, forecasts, or directs investment-related behaviors or outcomes, and not limited to “artificial intelligence,” algorithmic trading or machine learning processes) which present or may present conflicts of interest in direct or indirect interactions (including exercising investment discretion, managing investments, providing information or soliciting new investment) with investors (which for investment advisers, will include investors in pooled investment vehicles) and eliminate or neutralize (rather than just disclose) such conflicts. Advisers using covered technologies would be required to adopt policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violations of the proposed rule, detailing the processes for identifying and evaluating covered technologies and conflicts of interest and for eliminating or neutralizing the effect of such conflicts, and advisers would also be subject to associated annual review and recordkeeping requirements (such as, maintaining a record of all covered technologies used in investor interactions, including the date of first use and each date on which the technology is
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materially modified). If adopted, the proposed rule could expose TPG to additional regulatory uncertainty, liability and increased compliance and other costs related to procuring, utilizing and monitoring covered technologies used in direct or indirect interactions with investors (including the costs of onboarding service and technology providers). If adopted, the rule could also cause TPG to limit or discontinue TPG’s use of certain covered technologies (even in cases where such technologies may benefit the Fund or investors, including in connection with the management of investments in portfolio companies) in order to eliminate or neutralize conflicts associated therewith or to avoid the costs of complying with the rule with respect to such technologies, limit certain direct or indirect interactions with investors that involve the use of a covered technology, or otherwise alter how TPG integrates covered technologies into its investment management services and related processes, which could be detrimental to the Fund and Limited Partners, particularly given the proposed rule’s breadth.
The SEC has also recently proposed, and can be expected to propose, additional new rules and rule amendments under the Advisers Act in respect of anti-money laundering reporting and compliance requirements, cybersecurity risk governance, the outsourcing of certain functions to service providers and changes to Regulation S-P. There can be no assurance that these new SEC rules and amendments will not have a material adverse effect on TPG, the General Partner, the Fund, its investments and/or the Limited Partners or that such rules or amendments will not materially reduce returns to Limited Partners.
In addition, on February 15, 2024, the U.S. Treasury Department’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) released a notice of proposed rulemaking that would impose anti-money laundering compliance obligations on registered investment advisers. If the proposed rule is adopted, it would expand the scope of the SEC’s current examination authority over TPG and give FinCEN new authority to examine TPG, which may further increase TPG’s compliance obligations and related costs, increase the amount of time TPG spends on noninvestment-related activities and potentially expose TPG to liability in the event of noncompliance.
TPG expects the Fund, associated investment vehicles, holding vehicles or other special purpose entities and/or certain portfolio companies to become subject to additional legal and regulatory regimes that would require TPG to report the identity of, and certain other information regarding, at least certain Limited Partners and their beneficial owners and/or control persons to relevant governmental authorities. In certain circumstances such disclosure may be eligible to be provided to governmental authorities on a confidential basis; however, there can be no assurance that, even if confidential treatment can be obtained in some circumstances, the confidentiality of the reported information will be maintained in all instances, or that the Fund will not be subject to other regimes that require public disclosure of such information. For instance, the FinCEN adopted final rules to implement the Corporate Transparency Act, which went into effect on January 1, 2024 and which will require certain business organizations and entities to affirmatively report information to FinCEN about the beneficial owners, senior officers and other control persons of such organizations. While the Fund itself is expected to be exempt from reporting under the Corporate Transparency Act, certain associated investment vehicles, holding vehicles or other special purpose entities and/or certain portfolio companies could fall within its scope and require disclosure of some or all of the information described in the first sentence of this paragraph. As a more general matter, as the exemptions from reporting are complex and fact-dependent, it is difficult to anticipate with certainty how the Corporate Transparency Act will be implemented and applied to the Fund’s investments and activities in practice, including the level of disclosure that could be required. U.S. state and non-U.S. authorities could implement similar (and, potentially more stringent) requirements as well.
The Alternative Investment Fund Managers (“AIFM”) Directive, related national implementing legislation and interpretive rules could increase the operating expenses of and otherwise adversely affect the Fund. The AIFM Directive will apply to the Management Company to the extent Units are marketed (within the meaning of the AIFM Directive as implemented in the relevant member states of the EEA and in the UK) to investors domiciled, resident or with a registered office in the EEA or the UK (“EEA and UK Investors”). The Management Company is not, and is not able to become, authorized under the AIFM Directive as of the date of this Registration Statement. However, the Management Company’s marketing of Units to EEA and UK Investors who are professional investors (within the meaning of the AIFM Directive) may lead to the application of certain AIFM Directive registration and transparency requirements, as well as any additional requirements imposed by private placement regimes (“PPRs”) of individual member states of the EEA or of the UK. The conditions applicable to marketing in the EEA and the
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UK under PPRs described above may limit the Fund’s ability to attract EEA and UK Investors, which may result in a reduction in the overall amount of capital that the Fund is able to raise, and thus affect the Fund’s investment strategy or limit the range of investments that the Fund is able to pursue and make. In addition, compliance with the AIFM Directive and PPRs would result in the Fund incurring additional costs and expenses and making certain disclosures, and may otherwise adversely affect the management of the Fund and its investments.
The European Commission published proposals for a Directive to amend the AIFM Directive (“AIFM Directive II”) in November 2021. The European Parliament and the Council of the EU reached provisional political agreement in July 2023 and the compromise text of the AIFM Directive II is now subject to formal approval and adoption procedures. The proposals are likely to come into effect in 2026, and changes proposed as part of the AIFM Directive II include: (i) minimum substance considerations that EU regulators will need to take into account during the AIFM authorization process, (ii) enhanced requirements around delegation, including additional reporting requirements in relation to delegation arrangements, (iii) new requirements applying to AIFMs managing funds that originate loans, (iv) increased investor pre-contractual disclosure requirements, notably around fees and charges, (v) a prohibition on non-EU AIFMs and alternative investment funds (“AIFs”) established in jurisdictions identified as “high risk” countries under the European Anti-Money Laundering Directive (as amended) or the revised EU list of non-cooperative tax jurisdictions and (vi) new rules regarding the deployment of liquidity management tools by AIFMs. It is possible that AIFM Directive II may require additional costs, expenses and/or resources, as well as restricting or prohibiting certain activities, including in relation to loan-originating funds and managers or funds established in jurisdictions outside the EU identified as having anti-money laundering and/or tax failings.
There remains some uncertainty as to the manner in and extent to which the various EEA member states or the UK interpret the AIFM Directive. This uncertainty increases the risk that TPG will fail to comply with the requirements imposed by the AIFM Directive in a particular EEA member state or the UK. TPG’s failure to comply may result in a regulatory authority or court in that or another EEA member state or the UK requiring TPG to return any capital or other funds to investors or otherwise seeking to take other enforcement or remedial action against TPG.
Each investor in the Fund must make its own determination as to whether its investment in the Fund would be affected by the foregoing regulations, and the potential impact of such regulations on its investment, any liquidity in connection therewith and on its portfolio generally.
Antitrust Risk. The Fund and its portfolio companies will be subject to antitrust and competition rules that apply in the United States and the countries or regions where they do business, and there has been increased scrutiny from antitrust regulators around the world. The application of those rules and the increased scrutiny by authorities could result in sanctions, fines or penalties, including civil damage actions, delays or other difficulties in consummating the Fund’s investments or divestments. This could also negatively affect the TPG brand and reputation and could be distracting to management. In some cases, private equity sponsors could be held jointly and severally liable for any sanctions or penalties imposed on current or former portfolio companies for breach of antitrust rules or regulations. This has become particularly true in Europe. Also, there have been governmental investigations and lawsuits alleging that certain club deals or consortium bids constituted an illegal attempt to collude and drive down the price on acquisitions. There can be no assurances that the Fund, the General Partner, the Management Company or the portfolio companies will not be subject to litigation or investigations involving consortium bids or allegations of other anticompetitive activity.
Monetary Policy and Governmental Intervention. As part of the response to the global financial crisis that began in 2008, governmental actions were taken to stabilize markets and to encourage economic growth. The Federal Reserve and global central banks, including the European Central Bank, have, in addition to other governmental actions to stabilize markets and to encourage economic growth, acted to hold interest rates to historic lows.
In particular, with respect to Federal Reserve actions, beginning in 2013, the Federal Reserve began tapering down its “quantitative easing” program of purchasing long-term securities. The quantitative easing program was originally designed to keep U.S. long-term interest rates at low levels in the wake of the 2008 financial
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crisis. In 2015, the Federal Reserve began a series of increases to the federal funds rate that continued through 2018. In July 2019, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate for the first time since 2008, and then subsequently lowered the federal funds rate further. Starting from March 2022, the Federal Reserve instituted a series of increases to the federal funds rate again, resulting in the rise of interest rates across the U.S. financial system. In September 2024, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate again.
In September 2017, the Federal Reserve also announced it would reduce its holdings of mortgage-backed securities gradually over time, which process may also result in an overall higher-interest environment for long-term securities. It is possible that, if interest rates were to rise substantially and the U.S. economy were to begin to deteriorate, the Federal Reserve could decide to reinstate its asset purchase program or institute other measures designed to further reduce interest rates. These measures could lead to a flattening in the yield curve, increased prepayment rates (resulting from lower long-term interest rates), and a narrowing of the net interest margin. The Federal Reserve initiated a new round of large-scale purchases of securities as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. However, in September 2021, the Federal Reserve indicated that it would likely begin reducing its monthly bond purchases, and such reduction began in late 2021 as an effort by the Federal Reserve to unwind its balance sheet.
It cannot be predicted with certainty when, or how, these policies will change, but actions by the Federal Reserve and other central bankers may have a significant effect on interest rates and on the U.S. and world economies generally, which in turn may affect the performance of the Fund’s investments. Further financial crises may result in additional governmental intervention in the markets. In addition, the consequences of the extensive changes to the regulation of various markets and market participants that may result from changes in the U.S. government and policies are difficult to predict or measure with certainty. See also “Item 1A. Risk Factors—U.S. Elections” and “—Monetary Policy and Governmental Intervention.
The right of certain of the Fund’s portfolio companies to generate, deliver or sell certain goods or services may be granted by or derive from approval by governmental entities and are subject to special risks, including the risk that the relevant governmental entity will exercise sovereign rights and take actions contrary to the rights of the Fund or the relevant portfolio company or project under the relevant agreement. There can be no assurance that the relevant governmental entity will not legislate, impose regulations or change applicable laws or act contrary to the law in a way that would materially and adversely affect the business of any portfolio company.
Furthermore, political and social instability in the future could adversely affect the Fund’s investments in certain countries and/or regions. Such instability could result from, among other things, a change in leadership, social disruption, popular unrest associated with demands for improved political, economic and social conditions or popular opposition to government policies that facilitate direct foreign investment. There can be no assurance that economic, social or political unrest in the future will not materially and adversely affect the business of any portfolio company.
With respect to any emerging market country, there is a heightened risk of nationalization, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, political changes, government regulation, economic or social instability or diplomatic developments (including war) which could affect adversely the economies of such countries and the value of the Fund’s investments in those countries. In addition, the inter-relatedness of the economies in emerging market countries has deepened over the years, with the effect that economic difficulties in one country often spread throughout the region. No assurance can be given that the Fund’s investments will not be adversely affected by circumstances in countries outside of where investments are located.
Governmental Licenses. Portfolio companies in non-U.S. countries could be dependent upon the grant, renewal or continuance in force of appropriate contracts, licenses, permits and regulatory approvals and consents which might be valid only for a defined time period, might be subject to limitations and might provide for withdrawal in certain circumstances. There can be no assurance that such contracts, licenses, permits and regulatory approvals and consents would be granted, renewed or continue in force, or if so, on what terms. Additionally, governments and other regulators might impose conditions on the operations and activities of a portfolio company as a condition of granting its approval or to satisfy regulatory requirements. Such conditions, which could be statutory or commercial in nature, could limit a portfolio company’s ability to invest in competing industries or acquire
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significant market power in a particular market, or provide a disincentive to do so. Further, a governmental agency might impose conditions of ongoing ownership or equivalent requirements on a portfolio company in respect of underlying projects. This could include a requirement that certain assets remain managed by a portfolio company, the Fund or its affiliates. Such conditions could be susceptible to revision or cancellation and legal redress could be uncertain or delayed. There can be no assurance that joint ventures, licenses, license applications or other legal arrangements will not be adversely affected by the actions of government authorities or others and the effectiveness of and enforcement of such arrangements cannot be assured.
Local Intermediary Risks. Certain of the Fund’s transactions could be undertaken through local brokers, banks or other organizations in non-U.S. countries, and the Fund will be subject to the risk of default, insolvency or fraud of such organizations. Such local brokers, banks and other organizations are subject to various laws and regulations in various jurisdictions that are designed to protect their customers in the event of insolvency. However, the practical effect of these laws and their application to the Fund’s assets are subject to substantial limitations and uncertainties. There can be no assurance that any money advanced to such organizations will be repaid or that the Fund would have any recourse in the event of default. The collection, transfer and deposit of bearer securities and cash expose the Fund to a variety of risks including theft, loss and destruction.
Corruption. Corruption remains a significant problem in some non-U.S. countries and its effects seriously constrain the development of local economies, erode stability and trust and its macroeconomic and social costs are significant. There often exists insufficient anti-corruption legislation and co-ordination of anti-corruption initiatives. Corruption could cause the Fund’s investments to be adversely affected including through loss of rights to assets or profits or operational difficulties.
Governmental Action Risk. The Fund’s investments may become subject to condemnation, seizure, eminent domain or other similar actions by governmental authorities. Such an action could have a material adverse effect on the financial viability and marketability of the Fund’s investment and there can be no assurance that the Fund will have, or be able to effectively enforce, any rights to prevent such action. In addition, the Fund may not be able to anticipate and/or insure against any such losses of property and ultimately may not receive adequate or timely compensation for the cost of its investment and any improvements or other costs relating thereto.
Tax and Regulatory Risk. Investment by private equity and other investment firms in certain countries has attracted, and may continue to attract, scrutiny by tax and other regulatory authorities in such countries. Although TPG will continue to use reputable legal and tax advisors in connection with the investment activities of the Fund, there can be no assurance that such authorities will not audit, investigate or otherwise inquire as to the Fund’s investment activities or that such authorities will not impose fines or penalties in connection therewith.
Reporting Standards; Limited Information. Companies in many non-U.S. countries are subject to accounting, auditing and financial (including reporting) standards and requirements that differ, in some cases significantly, from those applicable to U.S. companies. In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of a company in such non-U.S. countries might not reflect its financial position or results of operations in the way they would be reflected had such financial statements been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. In addition, for companies that keep accounting records in local currency, inflation accounting rules in some of the countries require, for both tax and accounting purposes, that certain assets and liabilities be restated on the company’s balance sheet in order to express items in terms of currency of constant purchasing power while other countries do not permit such restatement. Inflation accounting could indirectly generate losses or profits or disguise true losses or profits. There is generally substantially less publicly available reports, ratings and other types of information about companies in some non-U.S. countries than there are published about U.S. companies. The Fund will not necessarily have access to all available information to determine fully the origination, credit appraisal and underwriting practices utilized with respect to the investments or the manner in which the investments have been serviced and/or operated. In addition, information available to the Fund and the Partners, including both general economic and commercial information and information concerning specific enterprises or assets, might be less reliable and less detailed than information available in more economically developed countries. As a result of these factors, the Fund’s due diligence activities will provide less information than due diligence reviews of companies in more developed countries. The lower standards of due diligence in
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certain countries will increase the risk related to the Fund’s investments in these countries. Additionally, certain financial or predictive models used by the Fund may not factor in such announcements or other fundamental information, and even if such announcements or information is factored into such models, the Fund may not adequately adjust the weighting of such information to compensate for the lack of reliability. Furthermore, investments in certain non-U.S. countries are prone to fraud and false reporting practices. In certain cases, officers/executives/employees of some companies might deliberately falsify or cover up certain company reports or practices, and the Fund could be misinformed regarding its portfolio companies. It is also possible that the officers/executives/employees of the Fund’s portfolio companies, after the Fund has invested in such entities, engage in acts that are in violation of their agreements with the Fund, or otherwise engage in certain acts that damage the interests of the Fund.
Any of these issues could undermine the performance of the Fund’s investments. While the Fund and the General Partner will endeavor to conduct appropriate due diligence in connection with each investment, no guarantee can be given that they will obtain the information or assurances that an investor in a more sophisticated economy would obtain before proceeding with an investment.
Market Structure Requirements Applicable to Derivatives. The Dodd-Frank Act enacted, and the CFTC and SEC have issued or proposed rules to implement, both broad new regulatory requirements and broad new structural requirements applicable to OTC derivatives markets and, to a lesser extent, listed commodity futures (and futures options) markets. Similar changes are in the process of being implemented in the European Union, Japan and other major financial markets.
These changes include but are not limited to:
requirements that many categories of the most liquid OTC derivatives (currently limited to specified interest rate swaps and index credit default swaps) be executed on qualifying, regulated exchanges and be submitted for clearing;
real time public and regulatory reporting of specified information regarding OTC derivative transactions;
enhanced documentation requirements;
margin requirements for uncleared derivatives;
position limits; and
recordkeeping requirements.
While these changes are intended to mitigate systemic risk and to enhance transparency and execution quality in the OTC derivative markets, TPG does not know the impact of these changes at this time. For instance, cleared OTC derivatives are subject to margin requirements established by regulated clearinghouses, including daily exchanges of cash variation (or mark to market) margin and an upfront posting of cash or securities initial margin to cover the clearinghouse’s potential future exposure to the default of a party to a particular OTC derivative transaction. Furthermore, “financial end users,” such as the Fund, that enter into OTC derivatives that are not cleared are generally required to exchange margin to collateralize such derivatives. Under the new rules, the level of margin required to be exchanged in connection with uncleared OTC derivatives in many cases is substantially greater than the level typically required by market participants or clearinghouses.
These changes could significantly increase (to the extent relevant to the Fund’s investments) the costs to the Fund of utilizing OTC derivatives, reduce the level of exposure the Fund is able to obtain (whether for risk management or investment purposes) through OTC derivatives and reduce the amounts available to the Fund to make non derivative investments. These changes could also impair liquidity in certain OTC derivatives and adversely affect the quality of execution pricing the Fund obtains. As a result, these changes could adversely impact
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the Fund’s investment returns. Furthermore, the margin requirements for cleared and uncleared OTC derivatives may require that the applicable general partner, in order to maintain its exemptions from CPO registration under CFTC Rule 4.13(a)(3), limit the Fund’s ability to enter into hedging transactions or to obtain synthetic investment exposures, in either case adversely affecting the Fund’s ability to mitigate risk.
Position Limits. The Dodd Frank Act significantly expanded the scope of the CFTC’s authority and obligation to require reporting of, and adopt limits on, the size of positions that market participants may own or control in commodity futures and futures options contracts and swaps. The Dodd Frank Act also narrowed existing exemptions from such position limits for a broad range of risk management transactions.
In accordance with the requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act, the CFTC has adopted additional speculative position limits on additional specified agricultural, energy and metals futures contracts, futures contracts and options on futures contracts that are linked to these specified contracts, and economically equivalent swaps. The CFTC’s newly adopted position limits rules also restrict the availability of exemptions from position limits for certain hedging activity and impose new requirements on U.S. futures exchanges and swap execution facilities to administer position limits and related exemptions. Market participants were required to comply with the new position limits on future contracts by January 1, 2022, and the new position limits on swaps and the new hedging restrictions by January 1, 2023. The Dodd-Frank Act also authorizes the CFTC to establish, but the CFTC has not yet established position limits applicable to other types of swaps that are economically equivalent to United States listed futures and futures options contracts, including contracts on non-physical commodities, such as rates, currencies, equities and credit default swaps, and aggregate position limits for a broader range of derivatives contracts based on the same underlying commodity, including swaps and futures and futures options contracts.
A person (including the Management Company and the General Partner) is generally required to aggregate positions it owns or controls (including held indirectly through entities in which a person has a 10% or greater ownership interest) for purposes of current and new position limits, subject to certain exemptions for, among other things, independently traded positions.
TPG does not know the full impact of these recent changes at this time. Individually and collectively, current and new position limits and associated aggregation requirements could increase the costs to the Fund of maintaining positions in commodity futures and futures option contracts and swaps and reduce the level of exposure the Fund is able to obtain (whether for risk management or investment purposes) through commodity futures and futures option contracts and swaps. These requirements could also impair liquidity in certain swaps and adversely affect the quality of execution pricing obtained by the Fund, all of which could adversely impact the Fund’s investment returns.
Difficulty of Bringing Suit. Laws and legal standards differ in many non-U.S. countries from those in the United States, Europe or the UK. These laws and standards could have a material effect on the Fund’s investments, as well as the general economic and political environment in one or more of such countries. The general trend of legislation in certain non-U.S. countries has somewhat enhanced the protection afforded foreign investment and has, for example, improved the legal climate for business. However, there can be no assurance that this trend in economic legislation will not be slowed, curtailed or reversed, particularly in the event of a change in leadership, social disruption or other circumstances affecting the social, political or economic status of certain countries. In addition, many non-U.S. countries do not have well-developed shareholder rights and provide inadequate legal remedies for breaches of contract (e.g., a shareholder agreement). Shareholder claims that are common in jurisdictions such as the United States, including class action securities law and fraud claims, could be difficult to pursue as a matter of law or as a practical matter in certain other countries. The lack of comprehensive and enforceable legal and regulatory systems in certain non-U.S. countries is likely to adversely affect the Fund’s investments and prevent the Fund from enforcing its rights. Limitations on the enforceability of contractual obligations in certain non-U.S. countries could materially and adversely affect revenues and earnings of the Fund’s investments. If counterparties repudiate contracts or default on their obligations, there might not be adequate remedies available. Actions brought in certain non-U.S. countries to enforce contractual rights, or other legal or regulatory proceedings, could be costly and continue for a number of years without resolution. In certain instances, the acquisition of the Fund’s investments will involve an ongoing commitment to local agencies and entities,
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including governmental agencies and the extent to which such local agencies and entities will recognize the contractual and other rights of the parties they deal with could be uncertain. Such a shift could have a material adverse effect on the business and prospects of a company in which the Fund invests.
The ability of the Fund to bring suit against an entity in which the Fund invests or such entity’s directors, executive officers or shareholders could be limited. Such entities will likely be organized under the laws of countries other than the United States, European countries or the UK, their directors and officers are likely to reside outside of the United States, Europe and the UK, and substantially all of their assets could be located outside of the United States, Europe and the UK. As a result, it is likely that the Fund will be unable to effect service of process within the United States, Europe or the UK upon such entities or their directors and officers. Even where an entity is successfully sued in the United States, Europe or the UK, enforcement of the judgment in certain jurisdictions is impossible and in other jurisdictions could be difficult.
Litigation. In connection with ordinary course investing activities, the General Partner, the Fund and/or the Fund’s investments may become involved in litigation, including as a party or non-party or in governmental and//or regulatory inquiries, investigations and/or proceedings either as a plaintiff or defendant. There can be no assurance that any such litigation, investigation or proceeding, once begun, would be resolved in favor of the General Partner, the Fund and/or the Fund’s investments (as applicable). Any such litigation, investigation or proceeding could be prolonged and expensive. In addition, it is by no means unusual for participants in reorganizations, take-privates or other transactions to use the threat of, as well as actual, litigation as a negotiating technique. The expense of defending against claims by third parties and paying any amounts pursuant to settlements or judgments generally would be borne by the Fund and would reduce the Fund’s net assets. In addition, from time to time past or current partners, members, employees and managers of the General Partner may disagree with the General Partner and/or its management over terms related to separation or other issues. If not resolved, such disputes could lead to litigation or arbitration, which could be costly, distracting and/or time consuming for the General Partner.
Difficulty of Bringing Enforcement Actions. Due to jurisdictional limitations, matters of comity and other factors, the SEC, the U.S. Department of Justice and other U.S. and non-U.S. authorities will be limited in their ability to pursue enforcement or other actions against companies in certain non-U.S. countries that engage in fraud or other wrongdoings.
Similar limitations also apply to pursuit of actions against individuals in such non-U.S. countries, including officers, directors, shareholders and individual gatekeepers who may have engaged in fraud or other wrongdoing. In addition, local authorities in certain non-U.S. countries are often constrained in their ability to assist foreign authorities and foreign investors more generally.
Proxy Statements, Limited Partner Proposals and Other Matters. Limited Partners are not entitled to vote in the election of the Fund’s directors. Accordingly, the Fund is not required to file proxy statements or information statements under Section 14 of the Exchange Act except in those limited circumstances where a vote of Limited Partners is required under the applicable Partnership Agreement or Delaware law. Moreover, Limited Partners are not able to bring matters before meetings of Limited Partners or nominate directors at such meeting, nor are they generally able to submit Limited Partner proposals under Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act.
Potential Reporting Obligations. Acquisitions by the Fund of equity securities are expected to result from time to time in reporting and compliance obligations under the Exchange Act and the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, or their equivalent regimes in non-U.S. jurisdictions. Portfolio companies may also subject the Fund and, in limited circumstances, its partners, to other regulatory and reporting requirements. Investments in the communications, insurance, financial services, healthcare and mortgage industries would typically require the Fund or its affiliates to secure regulatory approvals or licenses, or to disclose information about itself or its equity holders. Applying for and obtaining these licenses could take several months, and there is no assurance the Fund will obtain all desired licenses, in which case its investment options could be restricted. In addition, the Fund will be subject to tax reporting requirements in the United States and likely in other jurisdictions. The Fund will bear the costs of compliance.
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Disclosure of Information. Certain investors in the Fund are subject to state public records, similar freedom of information or other laws that compel public disclosure of confidential information regarding the Fund, their investments and their other investors, and the Fund may be required to disclose confidential information in connection with transactions. There has been an increase in the number of requests under such laws for contracts (including partnership agreements, subscription agreements and any separate written agreements) that investors that are subject to such laws have in place with private investment funds, as well as offering and other materials related to such funds. The Fund may incur expenses in connection with responding to any such disclosure requests, even if the Fund ultimately succeeds in asserting confidentiality for any requested documents and other materials. Moreover, notwithstanding the obligation that an investor may have to maintain the confidentiality of the Fund’s information, there can be no assurance that such information will not be disclosed either publicly or to regulators, law enforcement or otherwise. The Fund may also, in certain circumstances, in an effort to protect against any such potential disclosure, withhold all or any part of the information the Fund would otherwise provide such an investor. The public disclosure of this information may adversely affect the Fund and its investment activities.
In addition, the Fund could be required to disclose certain confidential information regarding some or all of the Limited Partners, including but not limited to, their names (including the names of their beneficial owners), contact information, control person information, jurisdictions of formation or operation and the categories of investor type to which such Limited Partners belong. Such disclosure could be made in connection with a public offering of a portfolio company or other transactions or generally in connection with the operation of the Fund, and to a variety of recipients, including to other Limited Partners, counterparties, regulators, stock exchanges, self-regulatory organizations, investment banks, legal counsel and other advisors, lenders and potential lenders to the Fund and rating agencies, and in disclosure documents.
Controlling Interests and Provision of Third-Party Managerial Assistance. Through equity ownership, representation on the board of directors and/or contractual rights (if applicable), the Fund may be deemed to control, participate in the management of or otherwise influence substantially the conduct of portfolio companies. The designation of TPG’s professionals and/or individuals that are former TPG employees or otherwise have close business and personal relationships with TPG (“Senior Advisors”) as directors and the exercise of control over a company imposes additional risks of liability for environmental damage, product defects, pension and other fringe benefits, failure to supervise management, violation of laws and governmental regulations (including securities laws) and other types of liability, for which the limited liability generally afforded to investors may be ignored. If these liabilities were to arise, the Fund may suffer a significant loss, exposing the assets of the Fund to claims by a portfolio company, its other security holders, its creditors or governmental agencies, which may exceed the value of the Fund’s initial investment in that portfolio company. While TPG intends to reduce exposure to these risks to the extent practicable, the possibility of successful claims cannot be precluded.
Risks Arising from Potential Control Group Liability. Where an entity owns 80% or more (or possibly, under certain circumstances, less than 80%) of a portfolio company, such entity (and any other 80%-owned portfolio companies of such fund) might be found liable for certain pension liabilities of such a portfolio company to the extent the portfolio company is unable to satisfy such liabilities. If the Fund (or other 80%-owned portfolio companies of the Fund) were deemed to be liable for such pension liabilities, this could have a material adverse effect on the operations of the Fund and the companies in which the Fund invests. This discussion is based on current court decisions, statute and regulations regarding control group liability under ERISA, which may change in the future as the case law and guidance develops.
Other ERISA Considerations. Investment in the Fund is generally open to institutions including pension plans and other entities subject to ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code. Subject to the considerations discussed herein, the Fund will require certain representations or assurances from investors to determine compliance with one of more exceptions to holding Plan Assets. TPG intends to operate the Fund so that the assets of the Registrant and certain other Partnerships will not be considered Plan Assets. Investment by “benefit plan investors” (as defined in Section 3(42) of ERISA) in one or more of the Partnerships (including Feeder TE) may not be limited and, accordingly, the assets of such Partnerships may be deemed to be “plan assets” subject to ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code. Each investor in such Partnerships will acknowledge and agree that (i) during any time that the assets of such Partnership constitute “plan assets,” the General Partner will act only as a custodian with respect to
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such assets and the General Partner is not intended to be a fiduciary for purposes of ERISA with respect to such Partnership’s assets or the indirect investment of such assets in the Registrant; and (ii) by making a capital contribution to such Partnerships, such investor will be deemed to direct the indirect investment of such assets into the Registrant.
In accordance with the foregoing, TPG may prohibit certain transfers of interests or refrain from making certain investments so as to avoid the assets of the Registrant and certain other Partnerships from being deemed to be Plan Assets. In addition, TPG could be required to liquidate Fund investments at a disadvantageous time, which may result in lower proceeds to the Fund than might have been the case without the need for such compliance, to cause certain Limited Partners to liquidate their investments in the Fund, and/or to take such other actions permitted under the Partnership Agreements as TPG considers necessary for these purposes. See “Item 1. Business—Certain ERISA Considerations.”
Data Privacy and Security Laws. The Fund, the General Partner and the Management Company may be subject to various laws and regulations related to privacy and data protection, cybersecurity laws, including, as applicable, the General Data Protection Regulation in the EU, the UK General Data Protection Regulation, the Data Protection Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, as well as laws in Australia, Japan, Dubai International Financial Centre, the Abu Dhabi Global Market, Hong Kong, India, Korea and Singapore, Regulation S-P, the California Consumer Privacy Act as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act, the New York SHIELD Act and a range of proposed additional laws at the federal level and in California, New York, Texas and other states. The cumulative effects of the recently adopted laws include:
heightened transparency and accountability surrounding the collection, use and disclosure of personal information;
an enhanced ability of individuals, relative to companies, to control the use of their personal data;
in certain circumstances, increased obligations to obtain individuals’ consent to the processing of their personal data;
restrictions on the cross-border transfer of personal data to third countries;
increased obligations to maintain the security of data; and
additional exposure to fines or damages for companies that do not adhere to required data protection principles, accord individuals their specified privacy rights, that experience data breaches or that fail to maintain cybersecurity at certain levels.
Future jurisdictions may adopt additional laws and regulations the scope and terms of which are not currently clear. Several of these laws and regulations contain substantial financial penalties for violations even if such violations are unintentional or inadvertent. TPG will endeavor to maintain systems that promote compliance with data privacy and security laws, both those adopted to date and those that may be adopted in the future, but there can be no assurance that these systems will be effective. Failure to comply with such laws could result in significant fines, damages or restrictions on TPG’s ability to process personal information that could have a material adverse effect on the Fund. The Fund may be subject to litigation (including class action), regulatory inquiries and enforcement and incur substantial penalties, liabilities and damage to its reputation if it, the General Partner or the Management Company is found to have breached a data protection law or regulation. Even though the Fund will endeavor to comply with such laws and regulations, many of them are new and interpretations of some of their provisions are not yet clear. In addition, a number of the laws and regulations contain subjective elements which could allow a regulator or third party to challenge the Fund’s compliance efforts and determinations even if they were made in good faith.
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Data privacy laws may also affect the companies that the Fund invests in. For example, China has placed increasing focus on companies’ data privacy and cybersecurity practices in recent years, including by adopting significant new laws and regulations in 2017 (the Cyber Security Law) and in 2021 (the Personal Information Protection Law and the Data Security Law). The implications of these and other new laws and regulations remain uncertain, and they could materially and adversely affect companies in which the Fund invests.
Cayman Islands Data Protection. The Cayman Islands Government enacted the Data Protection Law, 2017 (the “DPL”) on May 18, 2017, which went into force on September 30, 2019. The DPL introduces legal requirements for the Fund based on internationally accepted principles of data privacy.
The Fund has prepared the Cayman Island Data Protection Law – Privacy Notice outlining the Fund’s data protection obligations and the data protection rights of Limited Partners (and individuals connected with Limited Partners) under the DPL (the “Fund Privacy Notice”).  The Fund Privacy Notice is contained within the subscription agreement and will be made available to existing Limited Partners.
Prospective investors should note that, by virtue of making investments in the Fund and the associated interactions with the Fund and its affiliates and/or delegates (including completing the subscription agreement, and including the recording of electronic communications or phone calls where applicable), or by virtue of providing the Fund with personal information on individuals connected with the investor (for example directors, trustees, employees, representatives, shareholders, investors, clients, beneficial owners or agents) such individuals will be providing the Fund and its affiliates and/or delegates (including, without limitation, the General Partner) with certain personal information which constitutes personal data within the meaning of the DPL. The Fund shall act as a data controller in respect of this personal data and its affiliates and/or delegates, such as the General Partner or the Management Company, may act as data processors (or data controllers in their own right in some circumstances).
By investing in the Fund and/or continuing to invest in the Fund, Limited Partners shall be deemed to acknowledge that they have read in detail and understood the Fund Privacy Notice and that the Fund Privacy Notice provides an outline of their data protection rights and obligations as they relate to the investment in the Fund.  The Subscription Agreement contains relevant representations and warranties.
Oversight of the DPL is the responsibility of the Ombudsman’s office of the Cayman Islands. Breach of the DPL by the Fund could lead to enforcement action by the Ombudsman, including the imposition of remediation orders, monetary penalties or referral for criminal prosecution.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Risks. The emergence of recent technology developments in artificial intelligence and machine learning technology, including Open AI’s release of its ChatGPT application (collectively, “Machine Learning Technology”) could pose risks to TPG, the Fund and its portfolio companies. These risks could arise if TPG utilizes Machine Learning Technology in connection with its business activities, including investment activities, or if third-party service providers of or any counterparties or competitors to the Fund, whether or not known to TPG, use Machine Learning Technology. TPG will not be in the position to control the manner in which third-party products are developed or maintained or the manner in which third-party services are provided. Furthermore, TPG personnel could utilize Machine Learning Technology in contravention of any policies that TPG has to prohibit or otherwise restrict the use of Machine Learning Technology.
Use of Machine Learning Technology by any of the parties described in the previous paragraph could include the input of confidential information (including MNPI) into Machine Learning Technology, resulting in such confidential information becoming part of a dataset that is accessible by other third-party Machine Learning Technology applications and users. This use could be in contravention of confidentiality agreements or TPG policies. For more information on risks relating to information security see also “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Cybersecurity Risk.”
Machine Learning Technology is generally highly reliant on the collection and analysis of large amounts of data, and it is not possible or practicable to incorporate all relevant data into the dataset that Machine Learning Technology utilizes to operate. Additionally, certain data in such datasets will inevitably contain a degree of
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inaccuracies and errors, potentially materially so, and could otherwise be inadequate or flawed, which would be likely to degrade the effectiveness of Machine Learning Technology. To the extent that TPG is exposed to the risk of Machine Learning Technology use, any such inaccuracies or errors could have adverse impacts on TPG, the Fund and its portfolio companies. Further, the use of Machine Learning Technology could result in claims by third parties of infringement, misappropriation or other violations of intellectual property, including based on the use of large datasets to train Machine Learning Technology, or the use of output generated by Machine Learning Technology, in either case which may contain or be substantially similar to third-party material protected by intellectual property, including patents, copyrights or trademarks.
Machine Learning Technology and its applications, including in the private investment and financial sectors, continue to develop rapidly and it is impossible to predict the future risks that may arise from such developments. The emergence of increasingly sophisticated Machine Learning Technology has prompted lawmakers around the world to consider the regulation of Machine Learning Technology, including in jurisdictions in which TPG, the Fund and its portfolio companies operate. Moreover, regulations relating to Machine Learning Technology may also impose certain obligations on organizations, and the costs of monitoring and responding to such regulations, as well as the consequences of non-compliance, could have an adverse effect on TPG, the Fund and its portfolio companies. For example, in February 2024, representatives of European Union Member States reached agreement on the proposed text of the EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act (the “EU AI Act”), one of the first comprehensive regulations on AI. While the legislative text of the EU AI Act has yet to be formally approved by the European Parliament, the proposed text introduces a risk-based framework for regulating AI systems and models. Based on the proposed text, non-compliance with the EU AI Act’s strictest prohibitions may lead to fines of up to 35 million Euros or 7% of a group’s total worldwide annual turnover, whichever is higher. If adopted, the EU AI Act is expected to apply after a transitional period of two years after its entry into force (although certain rules may come into effect at an earlier time). Other substantial markets, like the United States and the UK, are also in the process of considering similar regulation.
Anti-Money Laundering and Anti-Terrorism Measures. The Fund, the General Partner and the Management Company may become subject to certain anti-money laundering and customer identification regulations promulgated pursuant to applicable anti-money laundering laws and regulations, such as the proposed rulemaking noted above in Increased Regulatory Oversight.” TPG will take such steps as it deems reasonably necessary to comply with any applicable anti-money laundering regulations or policies of financial institutions, service providers or others providing financing or other services to the Fund or a portfolio company. These steps may include obtaining additional information regarding the identity of investors and their beneficial owners, if any, and disclosing that information to such parties or to law enforcement or regulatory authorities.
Economic Sanctions and Anti-Corruption Considerations. Economic sanctions laws, rules, and regulations administered or enforced by governmental authorities in the United States and other jurisdictions may prohibit the Fund and its portfolio companies from transacting with certain countries, individuals and companies or otherwise engaging in certain dealings. In the United States, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control is principally responsible for administering and enforcing U.S. economic sanctions laws, Executive Orders and regulations, which prohibit, among other things, transactions with certain countries, territories, entities and individuals. Such U.S. sanctions, and any other economic sanctions that may apply to the Fund or its portfolio companies may significantly restrict or completely prohibit certain investment activities, and if the Fund or its portfolio companies were to violate any such sanctions, they may face significant criminal and/or civil penalties, including significant monetary fines. U.S. and other economic sanctions are complex and subject to frequent revision, and there is no guarantee that the activities of the Fund or its portfolio companies will not be materially affected by unforeseen changes to U.S. or other economic sanctions laws.
The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and other anti-corruption laws and regulations may also apply to and restrict TPG’s activities, the activities of the Fund or the activities of the Fund’s portfolio companies. If a portfolio company or the Fund were to violate any such laws or regulations, such portfolio company or the Fund may face significant legal and monetary penalties. Even if (i) an investigation or proceeding does not result in a finding of a violation of any such laws or regulations or (ii) the penalties a regulator imposes against a portfolio company or the Fund are small in monetary amount, the costs associated with regulatory investigations or adverse
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publicity relating to the investigation or proceeding could adversely affect the business, financial or reputational condition or results of operations of a portfolio company or the Fund. The U.S. government has indicated that it is particularly focused on FCPA enforcement, which may increase the risk that the Fund or its portfolio company becomes the subject of such actual or threatened enforcement. As such, a violation of the FCPA or other applicable regulations by a portfolio company or the Fund could have a material adverse effect on the Fund.
Certain programs administered by OFAC prohibit dealing with individuals or entities in certain countries regardless of whether such individuals or entities appear on the lists maintained by OFAC. Accordingly, the Fund requires investors to represent and warrant, on a continuing basis, that they are not, and that to the best of their knowledge or belief their beneficial owners, controllers or authorized persons (“Related Persons”) (if any) are not; (i) named on a list of prohibited entities and individuals maintained by the United Nations, OFAC or under similar EU, Luxembourg, UK regulations (as the latter are extended to the Cayman Islands by Statutory Instrument) and/or under Cayman Islands law, (ii) operationally based or domiciled in a country or territory in relation to which current sanctions have been issued by the U.S., the UN, OFAC, the EU, Luxembourg, the UK or the Cayman Islands or (iii) otherwise subject to sanctions imposed by the UN, OFAC, the EU, the UK (including as the latter are extended to the Cayman Islands by Statutory Instrument) or the Cayman Islands (collectively a “Sanctions Subject”).
If an investor or a Related Person is or becomes a Sanctions Subject, the Fund may be required to immediately cease any further dealings with the investor and/or the investor’s interest in the Fund until the investor or the relevant Related Person (as applicable) ceases to be a Sanctions Subject, or a license is obtained under applicable law to continue such dealings (a “Sanctioned Persons Event”). Accordingly, these types of sanction laws may prohibit or limit the Fund’s investment activities. For the avoidance of doubt, the General Partner has the sole discretion to determine the remedy if an investor is or becomes a Sanctions Subject and is under no obligation to seek a license to continue dealing with such investor. Although TPG expends significant effort to comply with the sanctions regimes in the countries where it operates, one of these rules could be violated by the General Partner’s, the Management Company’s or the Fund’s activities, which would adversely affect the Fund.
The Fund, the General Partner and the Management Company shall have no liability whatsoever for any liabilities, costs, expenses, damages and/or losses (including but not limited to any direct, indirect or consequential losses, loss of profit, loss of revenue, loss of reputation and all interest, penalties and legal costs and all other professional costs and expenses) incurred by an investor as a result of a Sanctioned Persons Event.
CFIUS and Foreign Direct Investment Considerations. TPG expects Limited Partners in the Fund to be both U.S. and non-U.S. investors. Depending on a variety of factors, including the nationalities of the Limited Partners, ties between Limited Partners and any governments, the size of the Limited Partner investments (either individually or as a group under common control), and the rights that Limited Partners receive with respect to the Fund, as well as the characteristics, operations and dealings of the relevant portfolio company, certain Fund investments may be within the jurisdiction of one or more national security/foreign direct investment review regimes and potentially of interest to national security/foreign direct investment regulatory authorities, particularly if the investments are made into more sensitive sectors, the identities of which vary by national security/foreign direct investment review regime but generally include critical infrastructure, critical technology and access to personal identifiable information or sensitive personal data. TPG also expects certain Limited Partners to be non-U.S. investors that will likely comprise a substantial portion of the Fund’s aggregate capital contributions. Depending on the percentage of Limited Partner voting rights held by significant non-U.S. Limited Partners, this potentially could result in certain investments by the Fund being within the jurisdiction of CFIUS (e.g., in connection with investments that have operations in the United States). In the event that a national security/foreign direct investment regulator (including CFIUS) reviews one or more of the Fund’s proposed or existing investments, the Fund may require the Limited Partners to provide additional information to be disclosed to the applicable regulator and there can be no assurances that the Fund will be able to maintain or proceed with such investments on terms acceptable to the Fund. In addition, such a regulator may seek to impose limitations on or prohibit one or more of the Fund’s investments. The General Partner may restrict such Limited Partner’s or such group of Limited Partners’ ability to invest in or receive information with respect to that investment, even if doing so would not ensure that the Fund could maintain, proceed with, or dispose of the investment. Finally, heightened scrutiny of investments in companies under U.S. and non-U.S. national security/foreign direct investment review regimes may constrain the
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universe of suitable buyers for a portfolio company and thus may limit the Fund’s ability to successfully exit investments.
Similar foreign direct investment rules or regulations exist in many jurisdictions outside the United States, and could operate in ways that adversely affect the Fund’s performance. Some of these non-U.S. national security investment clearance rules and regulations have recently been made more rigorous. Examples include:
India: In April 2020, the Government of India issued Press Note No. 3 (2020 Series), which updated the country’s existing national security regime such that any foreign investment (i) by or from an entity of any country that shares its land border with India or (ii) whose beneficial owner is situated in, or is a citizen of, any country that shares its land border with India, can only be made with prior approval of the Government of India. Further clarity is awaited from the Government of India on what constitutes a “beneficial owner,” but the application of this rule may inhibit the Fund’s ability to consummate investments involving India. Uncertainty resulting from the application of these rules may also lead to the Fund borrowing higher amounts or for longer durations.
EU: Member States of the European Union have adopted a new foreign direct investment screening cooperation mechanism, which became fully operational in October 2020. A number of European jurisdictions have implemented or announced new pending foreign direct investment screening regimes based on the cooperation mechanism. This mechanism could restrict, delay, or impose additional scrutiny on the Fund’s investment activities in the European Union.
Australia: Legislation passed in 2020 expands the criteria used to determine whether a transaction must be formally identified to the country’s Foreign Investment Review Board and affords the government new call-in powers to review transactions that may pose a national security risk.
Exemptions from Registration under U.S. Commodities Laws. While the Fund may trade in swaps, commodity futures and other derivatives regulated by the CFTC (such instruments, “Commodity Interests”) (directly or indirectly through other fund investments), the General Partner (i) has filed a notice of exemption with the National Futures Association from registration with the CFTC as a CPO with respect to each of the Partnerships under CFTC Rule 4.13(a)(3) and (ii) qualifies for an exemption from registration with the CFTC as a CTA under CFTC Rule 4.14(a)(5) and, accordingly, is not subject to certain regulatory requirements with respect to each Partnership that would otherwise be applicable absent such an exemption and that are intended to provide certain regulatory safeguards to investors.
The Management Company will qualify for an exemption from registration with the CFTC as a CTA pursuant to Section 4m(3) of the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act, as amended, with respect to advice that it provides to the Fund, and as such, it will not be required to satisfy certain disclosure and other requirements under the CFTC rules.
European Market Infrastructure Regulation. On August 16, 2012, the European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EU No. 648/2012) (“EMIR”) entered into effect. EMIR introduced certain requirements in respect of derivative contracts, which apply primarily to “financial counterparties” (“FCs”) such as EU authorized investment firms, credit institutions, insurance companies, Undertakings for the Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (“UCITS”) and alternative investment funds managed by EU authorized alternative investment fund managers, and “non-financial counterparties” (“NFCs”), which are entities established in the EU that are not financial counterparties. NFCs whose transactions in OTC derivative contracts exceed EMIR’s prescribed clearing threshold (“NFC+s”) are generally subject to more stringent requirements under EMIR than NFCs whose transactions in OTC derivative contracts do not exceed such clearing threshold (including because such contracts are excluded from the threshold calculation on the basis that they are entered into in order to reduce risks directly relating to the NFC’s commercial activity or treasury financing activity).
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Broadly, EMIR’s requirements in respect of derivative contracts are (i) mandatory clearing of OTC derivative contracts declared subject to the clearing obligation, (ii) risk mitigation techniques in respect of uncleared OTC derivative contracts (such as the exchange and segregation of collateral) and (iii) reporting and record-keeping requirements in respect of all derivative contracts.
EMIR was amended by Regulation (EU) 2019/834 of the European Parliament and of the Council (the “EMIR REFIT”) which came into effect on June 17, 2019. The EMIR REFIT expanded the definition of FC to capture EU AIFs (irrespective of the location of the alternative investment fund manager) and, where relevant, their EU alternative investment fund managers, in addition to, as under the original definition, AIFs (irrespective of location) with an authorized or registered alternative investment fund managers.
EMIR REFIT also impacts the classification of a non-EU AIF with a non-EU alternative investment fund manager. Originally, such non-EU AIFs were classified as third country entities that would be NFCs if they were established in the EU. However, from June 17, 2019, non-EU AIFs with non-EU alternative investment fund managers will be re-classified as third country entities that would be financial counterparties if they were established in the EU.
EMIR has been retained in the domestic law of the UK following Brexit. Accordingly, the regulatory framework relating to derivatives in the UK is largely the same as that in the EU.
However, the EU and UK regulatory framework and legal regime relating to derivatives is set not only by EMIR (or EMIR as it forms part of UK domestic law) but also by Directive 2014/65/EU of 15 May 2014 on markets and financial instruments and Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 of 15 May 2014 on markets and financial instruments (“MiFID II”), or, in the UK, MiFID II as implemented into UK law and regulation. MiFID II came into effect on January 3, 2018 and imposed new regulatory obligations in respect of the provision of financial services in the EEA/UK (as appropriate) by EEA/UK (as appropriate) banks and EEA/UK (as appropriate) investment firms providing regulated services. In particular, MiFID II requires certain transactions between FCs and NFC+s in sufficiently liquid OTC derivatives to be executed on a trading venue that meets the requirements of the MiFID II regime. The Management Company is a non-EEA/non-UK investment company and is, therefore, not directly subject to MiFID II, but may be indirectly affected. The regulatory obligations imposed by MiFID II may impact on, and constrain the implementation of, the investment strategy of the Fund.
It is difficult to predict the full impact of these regulatory developments on the Fund. Prospective investors should be aware that the regulatory changes arising from EMIR, EMIR REFIT and MiFID II (or, in the UK, such legislation as they have been implemented in or otherwise form part of UK law) may in due course significantly raise the costs of entering into derivative contracts and may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to engage in transactions in derivatives.
U.S. Elections. The outcome of future U.S. presidential and other elections could create significant uncertainty with respect to legal, tax and regulatory regimes in which the Fund, as well as TPG and its affiliates, will operate. Changes in the composition of the U.S. government following such elections could result in a number of changes to U.S. and non-U.S. economic, national security, fiscal tax and other policies, as well as the global financial markets generally. Any significant changes in, among other things, economic policy (including with respect to interest rates, foreign trade and regulatory changes leading to greater availability of bank debt), the regulation of the asset management industry, tax law, immigration policy and/or government entitlement programs could have a material adverse impact on the Fund and its investments.
Risks Associated with Environmental, Social and Governance Matters
ESG Matters. TPG maintains a policy on environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) (such policy, “ESG Policy”), which it and the General Partner intend to apply, as applicable, to the Fund’s investment portfolios. Depending on the investment, the impact of developments connected with ESG factors, including product quality and safety, selling practices and product labeling, and bribery and corruption, could have a material effect on the return and risk profile of the investment. The act of selecting and evaluating material ESG factors is subjective by
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nature, the General Partner may be subject to competing demands from different investors and other stakeholder groups with divergent views on ESG matters, including the role of ESG in the investment process, and there is no guarantee that the criteria utilized or judgment exercised by the General Partner, Y Analytics or a third-party ESG advisor will reflect the beliefs or values, internal policies or preferred practices of any particular Limited Partner, other asset managers or with market trends. Considering ESG factors when evaluating an investment in certain circumstances may, to the extent material risks associated with an investment are identified, cause the General Partner not to make an investment that it would have made or to make a management decision with respect to an investment differently than it would have made in the absence of such consideration, which carries the risk that the Fund may perform differently than investment funds that do not take ESG factors into account. Additionally, ESG factors are only some of the many factors the General Partner considers in making an investment. Although TPG considers application of its ESG policy to be an opportunity to enhance or protect the performance of its investments over the long-term, there is no guarantee that the General Partner will make investments in companies that enhance long-term value and financial returns for any Limited Partner. Similarly, to the extent the General Partner, Y Analytics or a third-party ESG advisor engages with portfolio investments on ESG-related practices and potential enhancements thereto, there is no guarantee that such engagements will improve the performance of the investment. Successful engagement efforts on the part of the General Partner, Y Analytics or a third-party ESG advisor will depend on the General Partner’s skill in properly identifying and analyzing material ESG and other factors and their value, and there can be no assurance that the strategy or techniques employed will be successful.
The materiality of ESG risks, impacts and opportunities on an individual asset or issuer and on a portfolio as a whole depends on many factors, including the relevant industry, location, asset class and investment style. ESG factors, issues and considerations do not apply in every instance or with respect to each investment held, or proposed to be made, by the Fund, and will vary greatly based on numerous criteria, including, but not limited to, location, industry, investment strategy, and issuer-specific and investment-specific characteristics. In evaluating a prospective investment, the General Partner often depends upon information and data provided by the entity or obtained via third-party reporting or advisors, which may be incomplete or inaccurate and could cause the General Partner to incorrectly identify, prioritize, assess or analyze the entity’s ESG practices and/or related risks, impacts and opportunities. The General Partner does not intend to independently verify certain of the ESG information reported by investments of the Fund, and may decide in its discretion not to utilize certain information provided by such investments. To the extent that the General Partner provides reports of material ESG risks, impacts and opportunities to investors, such reports will be based on the General Partner’s or applicable investment management team’s sole and subjective determination of whether a material ESG issue has occurred in respect of an investment.
Further, ESG integration and responsible investing practices as a whole are evolving rapidly and there are different principles, frameworks, methodologies and tracking tools being implemented by asset managers, and TPG’s adoption of and adherence to such principles, frameworks, methodologies and tools may vary over time. There is no guarantee that TPG will remain a signatory, supporter or member of any initiative, methodology, or other similar industry frameworks.
In addition, TPG’s ESG framework, including the ESG Policy and associated procedures and practices, is expected to change over time. TPG is permitted to determine in its discretion that it is not feasible or practical to implement or complete certain of its ESG initiatives based on cost, timing or other considerations. It is also possible that market dynamics or other factors will make it impractical, inadvisable or impossible for the General Partner to adhere to all elements of the Fund’s investment strategy, including with respect to ESG risk and opportunity management and impact, whether with respect to one or more individual investments or to the Fund’s portfolio generally.
ESG Integration Methodology. TPG seeks to integrate consideration of financially material ESG factors into TPG’s investment decisions and during its ownership where it believes doing so can contribute to value creation and risk mitigation. The funds and/or strategies in which the Fund allocates capital take different approaches to ESG integration. Certain of TPG’s funds and investment platforms maintain fund- and/or strategy-specific ESG policies, procedures, and/or practices, which may be contractual in nature, which relate to that respective fund and/or investment strategy. In such instances, ESG integration is carried out in accordance with the approach applicable to each fund and/or strategy to which this Fund allocates capital. In addition, the extent to which funds and/or
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strategies integrate ESG will differ and in some cases may be limited due to, among other things, the nature of the investments made, access to information and the ability to influence ESG outcomes at the investment or asset level.
SFDR. Funds that raise capital across one or more European Member States must comply with the EU’s detailed sustainability-related disclosure regime. In particular (and as relevant for the Fund), the SFDR requires certain disclosures in relation to whether and, if so, how sustainability risks are taken into account in the investment process. In addition, for those financial products that have a sustainable investment objective or which promote environmental or social characteristics, there is an obligation to disclose such an objective or characteristics in pre-contractual disclosures and report on an ongoing basis their performance in achieving those commitments, among other requirements. The requirements of the SFDR, and in particular the boundaries between the different designations of financial products, are not free from doubt and may change over time and therefore adjustments to the Fund’s disclosure requirements and designation system may be made owing to the uncertainties in the regime. Further supplementary guidance and/or legislative changes on concepts relevant to the SFDR or other clarificatory guidance may be forthcoming and may introduce certain minimum standards for products that would require the Fund to set up additional processes, including processes to capture data about the Fund and its investments, and lead to additional cost to be borne by the Fund. In addition, on June 22, 2020, the Official Journal of the European Union published a classification system that establishes a list of environmentally sustainable economic activities and sets out four overarching conditions that an economic activity has to meet in order to qualify as environmentally sustainable (Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 18, 2020 on the establishment of a framework to facilitate sustainable investment, and amending Regulation (EU) 2019/2088, “Taxonomy Regulation”). The Taxonomy Regulation, amongst other things, introduces mandatory disclosure and reporting requirements and supplements the framework set out in the SFDR. The SFDR regime and Taxonomy Regulation are evolving and subject to ongoing interpretation by regulators.
The disclosure requirements in the SFDR are supplemented by the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/1288 of April 6, 2022 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to regulatory technical standards (the “RTS”) specifying the details of the content and presentation of the information in relation to the principle of ‘do no significant harm’, specifying the content, methodologies and presentation of information in relation to sustainability indicators and adverse sustainability impacts, and the content and presentation of the information in relation to the promotion of environmental or social characteristics and sustainable investment objectives in pre-contractual documents, on websites and in periodic reports.
While in force, each of the Taxonomy Regulation, the SFDR and the RTS are highly dynamic and remain subject to change, as a series of initiatives are ongoing for review and potential revision of each. In particular, on September 14, 2023, the European Commission published two consultations on the SFDR framework. The consultations include questions on potential changes to disclosure requirements, a revised designation system and other general questions on the functioning of the SFDR. In addition, on December 4, 2023, a report published by the European Supervisory Authorities proposed revisions to the RTS, including proposed changes to the disclosure framework for principal adverse impacts of investment decisions on sustainability factors and amendments to the existing disclosure templates for funds that promote environmental and/or social characteristics or which have sustainable investment or a reduction in carbon emissions as their objective. The proposed revisions to the RTS will not enter into force unless and until the proposals are adopted by the European Commission and pass through the process without objections from the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. If the proposals are adopted, the Fund may be obliged to update existing disclosures provided to investors in the Fund pursuant to Articles 10 and 11 of SFDR, to align with the latest reporting templates and information obligations.
The European Securities and Markets Association published its Consultation Paper on Guidelines on funds’ names using ESG or sustainability-related terms in February 2023, which was subsequently updated through its Public Statement on December 14, 2023. The guidelines and related public statement both specify minimum requirements for the portfolio composition of funds using ESG or sustainability-related terms in their name. Such requirements include (but are not limited to) exclusions in respect of businesses in the oil and gas value chain. Once finalized and effective, the guidelines may apply to funds which have closed to investment with the result that changes to the investment portfolio of the Fund or a name change of the Fund may be necessary.
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Comparable national regimes to the SFDR. Further, in recent years, several other regulators (including in the United States and the UK) have announced upcoming regulatory initiatives requiring ESG-related disclosures, and sustainability related labels and marketing. For instance, on November 28, 2023, the UK Financial Conduct Authority published PS23/16, the FCA’s Policy Statement on the Sustainability Disclosure Requirements and investment labels and GC23/3, the Guidance on the UK Anti-Greenwashing Rule (the latter of which captures all FCA-authorized firms). Funds that raise capital across jurisdictions (such as this Fund) may be simultaneously subject to multiple regimes. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—ESG-Related Legal Developments.
CSDDD. On July 4, 2024, the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (Directive (EU) 2024/1760 of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 13, 2024 on corporate sustainability due diligence and amending Directive (EU) 2019/1937 and Regulation (EU) 2023/2859 (“CSDDD”)) came into force. The CSDDD will intensify scrutiny of human rights and environmental diligence systems for companies. Compliance with the CSDDD may create an additional compliance burden and increased legal, compliance, governance, reporting and other costs because of the need to collect certain information from portfolio companies to meet the reporting requirements.
CSRD. On January 5, 2023, the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (Directive (EU) 2022/2464 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 amending Regulation (EU) No 537/2014, Directive 2004/109/EC, Directive 2006/43/EC and Directive 2013/34/EU, regarding corporate sustainability reporting (the “CSRD”)) came into force. The CSRD introduces more detailed sustainability reporting requirements, including but not limited to, climate and environmental issues and factors related to social and corporate governance, such as equality, human rights and fair working conditions. In addition, CSRD requires external auditing and assurance of sustainability reports and is expected to implement mandatory ESG standards with more detailed reporting requirements. Compliance with the CSRD may create an additional compliance burden and increased legal, compliance, governance, reporting and other costs.
SEC Climate Rule. On March 6, 2024, the SEC adopted a Climate Disclosure Rule requiring public companies to include enhanced disclosure regarding corporate climate-related information, including certain greenhouse gas emissions data, in their periodic reports and registration statements. On April 4, 2024, the SEC stayed the Climate Disclosure Rule pending the completion of certain legal proceedings. If implemented, certain aspects of the Climate Disclosure Rule will apply to TPG and may apply to Fund portfolio companies, to the extent they are, or become, SEC reporting companies. If implemented, the new SEC Climate Disclosure Rule (and any changes or developments thereto) might create (or exacerbate) reputational, financial and liability risks that did not exist or were not foreseen at the time of a Fund portfolio company’s acquisition.
Compliance with frameworks of this nature may create an additional compliance burden and increased legal, compliance, governance, reporting and other costs to funds and/or fund managers and/or portfolio companies, including the Fund and TPG, because of the need to collect certain information to meet the disclosure requirements. In addition, where there are uncertainties regarding the operation of the framework, a lack of official, conflicting or inconsistent regulatory guidance, a lack of established market practice and/or data gaps or methodological challenges affecting the ability to collect relevant data, funds and/or fund managers may be required to engage third party advisors and/or service providers to fulfill the requirements, thereby exacerbating any increase in compliance burden and costs. Compliance with requirements of this nature also increase risks relating to financial supervision and enforcement action. To the extent that any applicable jurisdictions enact similar laws and/or frameworks, there is a risk that the Fund may not be able to maintain alignment of a particular investment with such frameworks, and/or may be subject to additional compliance burdens and costs, which might adversely affect the investment returns of the Fund.
ESG-Related Legal Developments. There is a growing interest on the part of fund investors and regulators in ESG factors and increased demand for, and scrutiny of, ESG-related disclosures by asset managers, which exposes TPG to additional risks. For example, this additional scrutiny has increased the risk that asset managers could be perceived as, or accused of, making inaccurate or misleading statements regarding the investment strategies of their funds or their and their funds’ ESG efforts or initiatives, often referred to as “greenwashing.” Any such perception or accusation could damage TPG’s reputation, result in litigation or regulatory actions, and adversely
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impact TPG’s ability to raise capital and attract new fund investors. In addition, there has been increased regulatory focus on ESG-related practices by investment managers and regulators, and new regulatory initiatives related to ESG that are applicable to TPG, its funds and their investments could adversely affect its business. There is growing regulatory interest across jurisdictions in improving transparency regarding the definition, measurement and disclosure of ESG factors to allow investors to validate and better understand sustainability claims. For example, on May 25, 2022, the SEC proposed amendments to rules and reporting forms concerning ESG factors, which rules are not in final form and therefore cannot be determined as to how they may affect the Fund. In addition, in 2021 the SEC established an enforcement task force to examine ESG practices and disclosures by public companies and investment managers and has begun to bring enforcement actions based on ESG disclosures not matching actual investment processes. The European Securities and Markets Authority (“ESMA”) also published its Sustainable Finance Roadmap for 2022 to 2024 in February 2022 which sets the priority areas for enforcement and specifies that tackling greenwashing and promoting transparency together constitute one of ESMA’s three priorities for its sustainable finance work over that period.
At the same time, anti-ESG sentiment has also gained momentum across the U.S., with several states and Congress having proposed or enacted “anti-ESG” policies, legislation or initiatives or issued related legal opinions. For example, (i) boycott bills target financial institutions that “boycott” or “discriminate against” companies in certain industries and prohibit state entities from doing business with such institutions and/or investing the state’s assets (including pension plan assets) through such institutions; and (ii) ESG investment prohibitions require that state entities or managers/administrators of state investments make investments based solely on pecuniary factors without consideration of ESG factors. If fund investors subject to such legislation viewed TPG’s funds or ESG practices, including its climate-related impact or energy transition strategies, as being in contradiction of such “anti-ESG” policies, legislation or legal opinions, such fund investors may not invest in its funds (or could be required to withdraw from its funds), TPG’s ability to maintain the size or its funds could be impaired, and it could negatively affect TPG’s results or operations, financial condition and cash flow. Additionally, asset managers have been subject to recent scrutiny related to ESG-focused industry working groups, initiatives, and associations, including organizations advancing action to address climate change or climate-related risk. Further, the Supreme Court’s recent ruling striking down race-based affirmative action in higher education has increased scrutiny of corporate diversity, equity and inclusion (“DEI”) practices. Some groups have begun to analogize the outcome of that case to private employment matters, asserting that certain corporate DEI practices are racially discriminatory and unlawful. Such anti-ESG and anti-DEI-related policies, legislation, initiatives and scrutiny could expose TPG to the risk of litigation, antitrust investigations or challenges and enforcement by state or federal authorities, result in injunctions, penalties and reputational harm and require certain investors to divest or discourage certain investors from investing in TPG’s funds.
At the state level, in October 2023, California enacted legislation that requires certain investments that do business in California to publicly disclose their Scopes 1, 2 and 3 greenhouse gas emissions, with third party assurance of such data, and issue public reports on their climate-related financial risk and related mitigation measures. The first reports are expected to be required in 2026, although these pieces of legislation currently are subject to legal challenge. Other states have proposed similar legislation. In September 2024, the California legislature formally rejected a proposal to delay the implantation of its climate disclosure bills (SB 253 and SB 261), which will go into effect for in-scope companies as of January 2025.
TPG’s ESG program, DEI initiatives, the General Partner, the Fund and portfolio investments could become subject to additional regulations, penalties and/or risks of regulatory enforcement in the future, and the General Partner cannot guarantee that its current ESG program and practices (including the ESG Policy) or the Fund’s investments will meet future regulatory requirements, reporting frameworks or best practices, increasing the risk of related enforcement. Compliance with new requirements may lead to increased management burdens and costs. If the SEC or any other governmental authority, regulatory agency or similar body were to take issue with TPG’s past or future practices, then TPG, its funds and/or their portfolio investments may be at risk for regulatory sanction, and any such investigations could be costly, distracting and/or time consuming. There is also a risk of mismatch between U.S., EU and U.K. and other regulatory initiatives.
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Further, with respect to both voluntary and mandated ESG disclosures and other ESG requirements, TPG, the Fund, the General Partner and portfolio investments may not successfully implement measurement processes and disclosure controls and procedures that meet evolving investor, activist, or regulatory expectations. Any enhancements to such processes and controls may be costly and give rise to significant administrative burdens. For example, collecting, measuring, and reporting ESG information and metrics can be costly, difficult and time consuming, is subject to evolving reporting standards, and can present numerous operational, reputational, financial, legal and other risks. If TPG or its portfolio investments do not successfully implement controls related to reporting ESG information and other ESG requirements, this could result in legal liability and reputational damage, which could impact its ability to attract and retain fund investors and employees.
TPG, the General Partner, the Fund and its portfolio investments may undertake extensive voluntary reporting on various ESG matters, including greenhouse gas emissions, diversity and human capital management. The standards for tracking and reporting on ESG matters are relatively new, have not been harmonized, and continue to evolve and it may fail to successfully implement or comply with, these rapidly developing ESG standards and requirements. In addition, TPG and its portfolio investments’ selection of reporting frameworks or standards, and other methodological choices, such as the use of certain performance metrics, levels of quantification, value chain reporting, or materiality standards, may vary over time and may not always align with evolving investor and activist expectations or market practices.
United States Retirement Plan and State-Specific ESG Considerations. In recent years, a number of U.S. states have adopted and continue to adopt new laws, regulations and policies which may expressly restrict the ability of U.S. state, municipal and other governmental plans or public university endowments to make or exclude certain investments, including investments that U.S. state regulators designate as supporting or boycotting the fossil fuels or arms manufacturing industries. In addition, certain U.S. state pension plans are currently operating, or may in the future operate due to law or policy, in a manner that restricts their ability to consider some or all ESG factors in making investment or proxy voting decisions. U.S. state pension plans may also require funds to make certifications regarding the consideration of ESG factors in the fund’s own investment process or proxy voting procedures. As a result, there may be limitations on the Fund’s ability to accept capital from certain investors and the Fund may have to require or allow certain investors to withdraw from the Fund. Moreover, such current or future U.S. state laws or policies may preclude the Fund from making investments that it otherwise finds desirable and could require the Fund to liquidate or dispose of investments at a disadvantageous time, resulting in lower proceeds to the Fund than might have otherwise been the case. Such current or future U.S. state laws also may preclude the Fund from certain proxy voting decisions that it believes to be advantageous to investors. This is an evolving area of law and policy, and future developments may be adverse to the Fund and its investors. In addition, the extent to which ESG factors should or may play a role in an ERISA Plan fiduciary’s investment decisions is addressed in recently finalized U.S. Department of Labor regulations. The future status of such regulations has been the subject of various ongoing legal challenges and vigorous political and public debate which may not be conclusively resolved for some period of time.
Climate Change Risk. While TPG sees economic opportunities in climate change and carbon reduction, and the Fund is likely to participate in certain investments related to such economic opportunities, global climate change is widely considered to be a significant threat to the global economy. Assets in the energy transition solutions, green mobility, sustainable fuels, sustainable materials & products and carbon solutions subsectors in particular may face risks associated with climate change, including risks related to the impact of climate-related legislation and regulation (both domestically and internationally), risks related to climate-related business trends and risks stemming from the physical effects of climate change, such as risks posed by increasing frequency or severity of extreme weather events and rising sea levels and temperatures. Additionally, the Paris Agreement and other regulatory and voluntary initiatives launched by international, federal, state, and regional policymakers and regulatory authorities as well as private actors seeking to reduce greenhouse gas emissions may expose such assets to so-called “transition risks” in addition to physical risks, such as: (i) political and policy risks (e.g., changing regulatory incentives and legal requirements, including with respect to GHG emissions, that could result in increased costs or changes in business operations); (ii) regulatory and litigation risks (e.g., changing legal requirements that could result in increased permitting, tax and compliance costs, changes in business operations, or the discontinuance of certain operations, and litigation seeking monetary or injunctive relief related to climate impacts), (iii) technology and market risks (e.g., declining market for assets, products and services seen as greenhouse gas intensive or less
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effective than alternatives in reducing greenhouse gas emissions); and (iv) reputational risks (e.g., risks tied to changing investor, customer or community perceptions of an asset’s relative contribution to greenhouse gas emissions). TPG cannot rule out the possibility that climate risks, including changes in weather and climate patterns, could result in unanticipated delays or expenses and, under certain circumstances, could prevent completion of investment activities once undertaken, any of which could have a material adverse effect on an investment or the Fund.
Nature of Societal Impact Investments. When evaluating potential investment opportunities, in addition to financial return, TPG may look at an investment’s potential to achieve a positive societal impact. In addition, although TPG believes that pursuing positive societal impact does not have to negatively affect an investment’s financial returns, and it can even enhance a portfolio company’s profitability, it is possible that a dual focus on financial returns and positive societal impact with respect to certain investments that the Fund participates in may from time to time requires TPG to make decisions that favor one goal at the expense of the other.
Any determination about whether or not a potential investment is expected to produce a positive societal impact will be made in the Fund’s sole discretion. Although TPG will be advised by experts and will engage third parties to develop and implement impact assessment methodologies, the determination about what constitutes a positive societal impact is inherently subjective, and what the Fund considers to be societally beneficial may not necessarily reflect the views of all of the Fund’s investors. In addition, it is possible that the companies in which the Fund invests are unable to obtain or realize the positive societal impact that they seek to deliver.
Environmental Matters. The ordinary operation of, or the occurrence of an accident with respect to, a portfolio company asset could cause major environmental damage, which could result in significant financial distress to such asset or portfolio company if not covered by insurance and, even if covered by insurance, may have a detrimental effect on the applicable portfolio investment and/or the Fund, resulting from adverse publicity related to such an incident and other similar results. In addition, persons who arrange for the disposal or treatment of hazardous materials could also be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of these materials at the disposal or treatment facility, whether or not that facility is or ever was owned or operated by those persons.
Certain environmental laws and regulations could require that an owner or operator of an asset address prior environmental contamination, which could involve substantial cost. Such laws and regulations often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the release or presence of environmental contamination. The Fund could therefore be exposed to substantial risk of loss from environmental claims arising in respect of its investments. Furthermore, changes in environmental laws or regulations or the environmental condition of an investment might create liabilities that did not exist at the time of its acquisition and that could not have been foreseen. Community and environmental groups could protest about the development or operation of portfolio company assets, which could induce government action to the detriment of the Fund. New and more stringent environmental or health and safety laws, regulations and permit requirements, or stricter interpretations of current laws, regulations or requirements, could impose substantial additional costs on a portfolio company, or could otherwise place a portfolio company at a competitive disadvantage compared to other companies, and failure to comply with any such requirements could have an adverse effect on one or more portfolio companies.
Required expenditures for environmental compliance have adversely impacted investment returns in a number of segments of the industry. Any non-compliance with these laws and regulations could subject such portfolio investments to material fines, penalties or other liabilities. Under certain circumstances, environmental authorities and other parties may seek to impose personal liability on the limited partners of a partnership (such as the Fund) subject to environmental liability.
Even in cases where the Fund is indemnified by the seller with respect to an investment against liabilities arising out of violations of environmental laws and regulations, there can be no assurance as to the financial viability of the seller to satisfy such indemnities or the ability of the Fund to achieve enforcement of such indemnities.
Certain Tax Risks
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General Tax Considerations. An investment in the Fund may involve complex tax considerations that will differ for each investor, and there may be delays in distributing important tax information to investors (including the distribution of U.S. Schedule K-1s or their equivalent). In addition, the Fund will take positions with respect to certain tax issues that depend on legal and other interpretive conclusions. Should the IRS or another tax authority successfully challenge any such positions, a Limited Partner or the Fund might be found to have a different tax liability for that year than that reported on its tax return.
Tax Liability. Any change of the Fund’s tax status or in taxation legislation or any interpretation thereof in the U.S. or any country where the Fund has assets or operations could affect the value of the assets held by the Fund or the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment strategy or provide favorable returns to Limited Partners. Any such change could also adversely affect the net amount of any distributions made to Limited Partners. If the Fund is treated as having a permanent establishment, or as otherwise being engaged in a trade or business, in any country in which it invests or in which its interests are managed, income attributable to or effectively connected with such permanent establishment or trade or business may be subject to tax in the place of such permanent establishment. In order for the Fund to maintain its tax status, continued attention must be paid to ensure that all relevant conditions are satisfied in all the jurisdictions which the Fund operates in order to avail itself of any benefits.
Publicly Traded Partnership. The Registrant intends to operate in a manner to enable it to be taxable as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and may rely on the “qualifying income” exception to treatment as a “publicly traded partnership” taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The tax rules governing partnerships, publicly traded partnerships, and the “qualifying income exception” are complex and subject to change. Given the highly complex nature of the rules governing partnerships and the 1940 Act, the ongoing importance of factual determinations, the lack of direct guidance with respect to the application of tax laws to the activities the Registrant is undertaking and the possibility of future changes in its circumstances, it is possible that the Registrant will not so qualify for any particular year. If the Registrant (or the Aggregator) were treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, material adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could result for Limited Partners and the Fund.
Base Erosion, Profit Shifting and Related Measures. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) together with the G20 countries has committed to reduce perceived abusive global tax avoidance, referred to as base erosion and profit shifting (“BEPS”). As part of this commitment, an action plan has been developed to address BEPS with the aim of securing tax revenue by realigning taxation with economic activities and value creation by creating a single set of consensus based international tax rules. As part of the BEPS project, new rules dealing with the operation of double tax treaties, the definition of permanent establishments, interest deductibility and the taxation of hybrid instruments and hybrid entities have already been introduced and will continue to be introduced in relevant tax legislation of participating OECD countries. Depending on if and how these proposals are implemented, they may have a material impact on how returns to investors are taxed. Such implementation may also give rise to additional reporting and disclosure obligations for the Fund and/or investors.
FATCA. As described in Appendix A. “Certain Tax and Investment Structuring Considerations” under FATCA, all entities in a broadly defined class of FFIs must comply with a complicated and expansive reporting regime or be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax on certain U.S. payments and non-U.S. entities which are not FFIs must either certify they have no substantial U.S. beneficial ownership or report certain information with respect to their substantial U.S. beneficial ownership or be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax on certain U.S. payments. FATCA also contains complex provisions requiring participating FFIs to withhold on certain “foreign passthru payments” made to nonparticipating FFIs and to holders that fail to provide the required information. The definition of a “foreign passthru payment” is still reserved under the current regulations, however the term generally refers to payments that are from non-U.S. sources but that are “attributable to” certain U.S. payments described above. Withholding on these payments is not set to apply before the date that is two years after the definition of “foreign passthru payment” is published in the Federal Register. In general, non-U.S. investment funds, such as underlying entities in which the Fund may invest are expected to be considered FFIs. The reporting requirements imposed under FATCA require FFIs to enter into agreements with the IRS to obtain and disclose information about certain investors to the IRS or, if subject to an IGA, register with the IRS and comply with the reporting requirements regime of the IGA and any implementing legislation enacted thereunder. IGAs are generally intended to result in
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the automatic exchange of tax information through reporting by an FFI to the government or tax authorities of the country in which such FFI is domiciled, followed by the automatic exchange of reported information with the IRS. The General Partner intends that any non-U.S. partnership that constitutes an FFI would comply, to the extent reasonably practicable, with the reporting requirements to avoid the imposition of the withholding tax, but if such FFI does not do so (because, for example, investors fail to provide the required information), certain payments made to any such FFI may be subject to a withholding tax, which would reduce the cash available to investors. Further, these reporting requirements may apply to underlying entities in which the Fund invests, and the Fund may not have control over whether such entities comply with the reporting regime. Such withheld amounts that are allocable to a Limited Partner may be deemed to have been distributed to such Limited Partner to the extent the taxes reduce the amount otherwise distributable to such Limited Partner. Potential investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding all aspects of FATCA as it affects their particular circumstances.
Possible Legislative or Other Developments. All statements contained in this Registration Statement concerning the income tax consequences of any investment in the Fund are based upon existing law and the interpretations thereof. Therefore, no assurance can be given that the currently anticipated income tax treatment of an investment in the Fund will not be modified by legislative, judicial or administrative changes, possibly with retroactive effect, to the detriment of Limited Partners. Additionally, tax authorities in jurisdictions where the Fund maintains Investments may change their tax codes so as to materially increase the tax burden associated with an investment in the Fund or to force or attempt to force increased disclosure from or about the Fund and/or its Limited Partners as to the identity of all persons having a direct or indirect interest in the Fund. Such additional disclosure may take the form of additional filing requirements on Limited Partners.
Legislation Adversely Affecting TPG Employees and Other Service Providers. U.S. federal income tax law requires the Fund to hold an investment for at least three years in order for the General Partner’s incentive allocation related to such investment to be treated as long-term capital gains for tax purposes. Further, Congress has previously considered legislation that would treat carried interest as ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and President Biden’s administration has indicated that it may eliminate the preferential tax rate for long-term capital gains. Enactment of any such legislation could adversely affect employees or other individuals performing services for the Fund and/or its portfolio entities who hold direct or indirect interests in the General Partner and benefit from incentive allocations, which could make it more difficult for TPG to incentivize, attract and retain individuals to perform services for the Fund and/or its portfolio entities.
Any such developments could thus adversely affect the Fund’s investment returns allocable to the Limited Partners. It is unclear whether any such proposed legislation will be enacted or if enacted how it would apply to TPG, the General Partner and any other individual involved with the Fund who benefit from incentive allocations.
Taxation in Certain Jurisdictions. The Fund, vehicles through which the Fund makes investments, or Limited Partners may be subject to income or other tax in the jurisdictions in which Fund investments are made. Additionally, withholding tax or branch tax may be imposed on earnings of the Fund (or vehicles through which it invests) from Fund investments in such jurisdictions. Local and other tax incurred in non-U.S. jurisdictions by the Fund or vehicles through which it invests may not be creditable to or deductible by a Limited Partner under the tax laws of the jurisdiction where such Limited Partner resides, including the U.S. There can be no assurance that tax authorities in such jurisdictions will not treat the Fund (or any of its affiliates) as if it has a permanent establishment in the local jurisdiction, which would result in additional local taxation. Changes to taxation treaties (or their interpretation) between countries in Europe and countries through which the Fund invests may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to efficiently realize income or capital gains.
Potential investors should also note the considerations discussed in Appendix A. “Certain Tax and Investment Structuring Considerations”.
UBTI & ECI; Tax Treatment of Feeder TE and Corporations. Tax-exempt Limited Partners should be aware that they may be subject to U.S. federal income tax (and possibly state and local income tax) with respect to their share of such income and gain from the Fund that is treated as UBTI. In addition, an investment in the Registrant by a non-U.S. Limited Partner may result in such Limited Partner recognizing and being required to
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report income that is ECI. Non-U.S. Limited Partners must generally file U.S. federal income tax returns and pay U.S. federal income tax with respect to ECI of the Registrant allocable to them. Regardless of whether the Fund’s activities constitute a trade or business, under provisions added to the Code by the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (“FIRPTA”), gain derived by the Registrant from the disposition of U.S. real property interests (including interests in certain entities owning U.S. real property interests) is generally treated as ECI. Thus, non-U.S. Limited Partners that invest in the Registrant should be aware that a portion of the Registrant’s income and gain from its U.S. investments may be treated as ECI and thus may cause the non-U.S. Limited Partners to be subject to U.S. federal income tax (and possibly state and local income tax), as well as U.S. federal income tax return filing obligations, with respect to their share of such income and gain. The Fund has no obligation to minimize UBTI or ECI.
Although Feeder TE believes any entity through which it indirectly holds its interest in the Registrant that elects to be classified as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes, whether formed in a U.S. or non-U.S. jurisdiction (each a “Corporation”), if formed, should be respected, it is possible the IRS could seek to disregard any Corporation for UBTI or ECI purposes, which could result in the debt-financed property or other UBTI rules being applied to tax-exempt Limited Partners directly or the ECI rules being applied to non-U.S. Limited Partners directly.
Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the foregoing.
Phantom Income. A Limited Partner that is subject to U.S. tax or subject to tax in other jurisdictions will be required to take into account its allocated share of all items of partnership income, gain, loss, deduction and credit, whether or not distributed. Because of the nature of the Fund’s investment activities, the Fund is expected to generate taxable income in excess of cash distributions to the Limited Partners, including as a result of annual taxable income inclusions from “passive foreign investments companies” in which the Fund is expected to invest and elect to treat as a “qualified electing fund” (a “QEF”) under the Code. In addition, the Fund may otherwise decide not to distribute cash in amounts that are sufficient to fund a Limited Partner’s tax liabilities. Limited Partners should expect that they will not receive cash distributions to cover such tax liabilities as they arise. Accordingly, the Limited Partners should ensure that they have sufficient cash flow from other sources to pay all tax liabilities resulting from the Limited Partners’ ownership of Units.
Use of Corporate Intermediate Entities. Significant amounts of the assets of the Fund are expected to be held through one or more entities taxable as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes and may be subject to U.S. corporate federal (and applicable state and local) income tax. Such structures shall be determined in the sole discretion of the Management Company, generally to ensure that the Registrant is classified as a partnership and not a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation and to provide simplified tax reporting for Limited Partners. In addition, Feeder TE is expect to hold substantially all of its interests through a non-U.S. Corporation. Thus, significant incremental tax obligations may be incurred from the use of such entities. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the foregoing.
Other Considerations
Cybersecurity Risk. TPG relies on technology, particularly internet-based programs and data storage applications and, TPG may be susceptible to operational risks specific to this technology, including ransomware, systems disruptions, and unauthorized access to TPG’s information and technology systems or those of joint-venture partners or third-party service providers that hold TPG’s information and/or have access to its technology systems. Security breaches could result in the misappropriation of confidential information, destruction or corruption of data and/or disruption of TPG’s operations. TPG, its service providers and other market participants increasingly depend on complex information technology and communications systems to conduct business functions. These systems are subject to a number of different threats or risks that could adversely affect the Fund and its investors, despite TPG’s efforts and those of its service providers to adopt technologies, processes and practices intended to mitigate these risks and protect the security of TPG’s computer systems, software, networks and other technology assets, as well as the security, confidentiality, integrity and availability of information belonging to the Fund and its investors. For example, unauthorized third parties may attempt to improperly access, modify, disrupt the operations of, encrypt or otherwise prevent access to TPG’s systems and those of its service providers and counterparties as well as the data
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stored by these systems. Third parties, including nation-state or terrorist actors, may also attempt to fraudulently induce employees, customers, third-party service providers or other users of its systems to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to its data or that of the Fund’s investors or otherwise inflict harm. Likewise, TPG’s systems could be vulnerable to supply-chain attacks, wherein attackers may target third parties providing it software or services in order to introduce vulnerabilities in its network system. Whether intentional or unintentional, a cybersecurity breach of TPG’s system or the systems of investments or portfolio companies may cause the Fund or its portfolio companies to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption or deletion, expose information to misuse or force the Fund to pay ransom to retrieve data or face its loss. Unauthorized access could lead to:
physical damage to a computer or network system (and costs associated with system repairs);
loss or theft of investors’ funds;
the inability to access electronic systems;
a failure to maintain the confidentiality and privacy of sensitive information (including the loss of investors’ confidential or personal information);
loss of capabilities essential to the Fund’s and/or its portfolio company’s operations;
ransomware payments,
increases in insurance premiums;
financial losses from remedial actions;
loss of business;
reputational harm; or
potential liability.
Cybersecurity risks also require investment in ongoing preventative measures and compliance costs, including costs related to investigating the origin and scope of any cybersecurity incident, as well as increased and upgraded cybersecurity.
Furthermore, the international nature of TPG’s business operations can result in additional risks to its technology and information. At times TPG is required to disclose or store certain information locally in jurisdictions with relatively weaker protections of corporate proprietary information and assets. TPG may also transmit information in countries that do not respect the privacy of communications or that restrict the transmission of certain information. Non-U.S. legal or administrative regimes may compromise TPG’s control over proprietary data and/or personal information by requiring TPG to cede to regulators rights over, or allow regulatory inspections of, it. The risk of data theft generally increases in these instances. The foregoing risks are equally applicable to TPG, its service providers and investments.
Electronic Communications. Pursuant to the Partnership Agreements and/or the Subscription Agreement, each Limited Partner will consent to electronic delivery (including email or posting on the Fund’s intranet website or other internet service in accordance with the Partnership Agreements) of (i) any notices or communications required or contemplated to be delivered to the Limited Partners by the General Partner, pursuant to applicable law or regulation (including, without limitation, the Exchange Act and the U.S. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, as amended), at the option of the person making such delivery and (ii) any notices, requests, demands or consents or other communications and any financial statements, reports, schedules, certificates or opinions required to be provided to the Limited Partners under the Partnership Agreements or under any other agreement that may be applicable to a Limited Partner’s investment in the Fund (“Electronic Communications”). There are certain risks
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(e.g., slow downloading time and system outages) associated with electronic delivery. Moreover, the General Partner cannot provide any assurance that these communication methods are secure and will not be responsible for any computer viruses, problems or malfunctions resulting from any computer viruses or related problems that may be associated with the use of an internet-based system. Electronic Communications may be modified, corrupted, or contain viruses or malicious code, and may not be compatible with a Limited Partner’s electronic system. In addition, reliance on Electronic Communications involves the risk of inaccessibility, power outages or slowdowns for a variety of reasons. These periods of inaccessibility may delay or prevent receipt of reports or other information by the Limited Partners.
Handling of Mail. Mail addressed to the Partnerships and received at its registered office will be forwarded unopened to the forwarding address supplied by the Management Company to be addressed. None of the Partnerships, the General Partner, the Management Company or any of its or their directors, officers, advisors, affiliates or service providers will bear any responsibility for any delay howsoever caused in mail reaching the forwarding address. In particular, any person acting on behalf of the General Partner will only receive, open or deal directly with mail which is addressed to them personally (as opposed to mail which is addressed just to the Partnerships).
Publicity Concerns and Litigation. Certain types of investments are very much in the “public eye” and if the Fund makes such types of investments, the Fund’s activities may attract an undesirable level of publicity for the Fund, the Limited Partners, the General Partner and/or TPG. In addition, pressure groups and lobbyists may induce government action to the detriment of the Fund, as the owner of the relevant investments. Negative publicity of this nature may make legislatures, regulatory authorities and tribunals less likely to view the relevant companies favorably, which could cause them to make decisions or take actions that are adverse to the Fund’s investments.
Counsel for the Fund and the General Partner. TPG has retained Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP and Maples and Calder (Cayman) LLP (on matters of Cayman Islands law) (collectively, “Fund Counsel”) as legal counsel to the Fund in connection with the formation of the Fund and may retain the Fund Counsel in connection with the operation of the Fund. Fund Counsel also may act as counsel to the Management Company, the General Partner and their respective affiliates. However, Fund Counsel will not represent any Limited Partner with respect to the Fund, in the absence of a clear and explicit written agreement to such effect. In addition, each Limited Partner will acknowledge that the Fund Counsel has not represented it in the preparation and negotiation of the applicable Partnership Agreement.

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Certain Investment Considerations
The following addresses important considerations regarding an investment in the Fund. Among others, the considerations discussed herein relate to:
actual or potential conflicts of interest and approach to conflict mitigation;
the allocation of investment opportunities;
the amounts paid to the General Partner, the Management Company and their affiliates;
Fund fees and expenses;
use of leverage; and
the valuation of the Fund’s assets.
You are urged to review and consider this discussion carefully before making an investment decision.
Conflicts of Interest
TPG is one of the largest global alternative investment firms in the world, with approximately $239 billion of total assets under management as of September 30, 2024. TPG and its affiliates engage in a broad range of activities, including pursuing investments for the Fund, other TPG funds and other accounts and providing investment advisory, broker-dealer and other related services to these funds and accounts and their portfolio companies and other investments. For more information about TPG, see “Item 1. Business.
TPG expects the Fund to benefit from its relationship with the broader TPG network, as well as its relationships with strategic partners. For example, through the Management Company and the General Partner, the Fund will have access to the contacts and industry knowledge of TPG investment teams, enhancing the Fund’s transaction-sourcing capabilities and investment decision-making. Additionally, TPG expects the Fund to consult with internal TPG experts and strategic partners on specific industry issues, trends and other matters to complement the Fund’s investment process. These relationships, however, will also give rise to a number of actual, potential and apparent conflicts of interest between the Fund, on the one hand, and the General Partner, the Management Company, other TPG funds, investment platforms and affiliates and strategic partners, on the other.
The following discussion describes certain of these actual, potential or apparent conflicts of interest and how TPG intends to manage them. You should carefully evaluate these considerations before making an investment in the Fund.
This summary is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all actual, potential or apparent conflicts or their potential consequences. Identifying potential conflicts of interest is complex and fact-intensive, and it is not possible to foresee every conflict of interest that will arise. In particular, TPG expects in the future to identify additional conflicts of interest that currently are not apparent to TPG or the broader alternative investments industry, as well as conflicts of interest that arise or increase in materiality as TPG develops new investment platforms or business lines and otherwise adapt to dynamic markets and an evolving regulatory environment. To the extent TPG identifies conflicts of interest in the future, TPG may, but assume no obligation to, disclose these conflicts and their implications through a variety of channels, including in TPG’s Form ADV, which it files on at least an annual basis with the SEC, or in other written or oral communications to the Board of Directors (including the Independent Directors) and/or the Limited Partners.
Approach to Conflict Mitigation
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TPG will in certain cases take actions it determines appropriate to mitigate any conflict that arises with respect to the matters discussed herein or otherwise, which will be deemed to fully satisfy any fiduciary duties it may have to the Fund. Thereafter, TPG and its affiliates will be relieved of any liability related to the relevant conflict to the fullest extent permitted by law. For the avoidance of doubt, nothing herein constitutes a waiver of any of TPG’s or its affiliates’ non-waivable duties under applicable law.
TPG’s approach to mitigating such conflicts may include, without limitation, voting with the majority of unaffiliated investors holding the relevant classes of securities in circumstances where TPG has a right to vote with respect to such securities; recusing itself (or causing certain individuals to recuse themselves) from or otherwise remaining passive with respect to any decision with disparate impact on TPG funds; acting in accordance with standards or procedures approved by the Independent Directors and/or the Limited Partners; disposing of the investments or securities giving rise to the conflict of interest; disclosing the relevant conflict to the Board of Directors (including the Independent Directors) and/or the Limited Partners; validating the arm’s-length nature of the conflict transaction by obtaining third-party validation (e.g., a fairness opinion or other validation) or referencing participation by unaffiliated third parties; appointing an independent representative to act or provide consent for the Fund with respect to the matter giving rise to the conflict of interest; creating groups of personnel within TPG each of which would advise or represent one of the TPG funds that has a conflicting position with other TPG funds; taking any action pursuant to TPG compliance policies and procedures (including, without limitation, requiring compliance review in connection with actions taken with respect to investments, creating information barriers between investment teams within TPG and/or presenting such conflict for review by a conflicts committee comprising TPG affiliates) or, to the extent necessary, seeking the approval, consent, waiver or advice of the Independent Directors or the Limited Partners. TPG’s approach to mitigating certain conflicts of interest will likely be different with respect to the Fund as compared to other TPG funds that the Fund invests alongside.
The existence of a conflict of interest does not necessitate seeking the approval of the Independent Directors or the consent of the Limited Partners. While the General Partner may determine to seek the approval or consent, as applicable, of such parties even if not required, approval or consent, as applicable, of such parties is only required if expressly provided in the Partnership Agreements or by applicable law. The General Partner is expected to determine in many cases that, although a potential for conflict or actual conflict exists, such potential or actual conflict does not give rise to a material conflict of interest, including due to the presence or implementation of mitigation factors in this Registration Statement, or due to the presence of other facts or mitigants that the General Partner determines to be sufficient, in which case no approval of the Independent Directors will be sought. The determination of whether a transaction involves a material conflict of interest will be made by the General Partner in accordance with its internal policies, and the General Partner has significant discretion in making such determination. There are also transactions that, even if an actual or potential material conflict of interest exists, do not require, under the Partnership Agreements, disclosure to, or approval of, the Independent Directors or the consent of the Limited Partners. For example, the Fund is permitted to engage in sales, dispositions or rebalancing from time to time with Fund vehicles or other TPG funds without seeking the approval of the Independent Directors (either due to the terms of the Partnership Agreements that permit such transactions without approval or because the General Partner otherwise determines that no material conflict of interest exists in the relevant transaction). In addition, as described in “Restrictions Arising from the Activities of TPG’s Affiliates; Information Barriers” and “Walled-Off Businesses,” the Partnership Agreements do not restrict, and Independent Directors approval will not be required for, transactions by the Fund in or with a person in which another TPG fund holds an interest or is making an investment where the individuals within TPG involved in such transaction on behalf of such TPG fund are separated by an information barrier from the Fund.
TPG has established policies and procedures to address certain types of conflicts, including, when required by or otherwise consistent with the Partnership Agreements, seeking the approval of the Independent Directors. In most cases, however, the resolution of the conflict will depend entirely on the exercise of TPG’s discretion in light of the relevant facts and circumstances at the time, including the immediate and long-term interests of the relevant TPG funds, the terms of the Partnership Agreements and disclosure to the Directors. The specific weight ascribed to each of the relevant factors is a subjective judgment about which reasonable people will differ, and such judgments will remain in TPG’s complete discretion.
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There can be no assurance that TPG will identify or resolve all conflicts of interest in a manner that is favorable to the Fund, and the Limited Partners (i) may not be entitled to receive notice or disclosure of the actual occurrence of these conflicts or (ii) have no right to consent to them as they arise.
If you acquire an interest in the Fund, you will be deemed to have:
acknowledged (i) the existence of the actual, potential or apparent conflicts of interest described herein, (ii) that such conflicts are often resolved by the same or overlapping professionals within the Fund and the other TPG funds and (iii) that such conflicts will not necessarily be resolved in a manner beneficial to the Fund;
waived any claim with respect to any liability arising from the existence of any such conflict of interest to the maximum extent not prohibited by applicable law (including the Advisers Act and the Exchange Act) (for the avoidance of doubt, nothing herein constitutes a waiver of any of your non-waivable rights); and
acknowledged that (i) TPG expects to identify and may disclose in the future additional conflicts of interest and (ii) regardless of any such conflict of interest or TPG’s disclosure of it, your ability to transfer your Fund interest is highly restricted under the Partnership Agreements and applicable law, and while the Fund intends to implement a Repurchase Program, there is no guarantee that the Fund will offer to repurchase Units at any particular time or at all, and if the Fund does offer to repurchase Units at any particular time, it may repurchase fewer Units than have been requested to be repurchased.
Allocation of Investment Opportunities Among TPG Funds
The Fund’s investment objective—to generate investment returns by providing its Limited Partners with broad exposure to investments across the private equity strategies of TPG—encompasses a broad array of potential investment opportunities. By design, investment opportunities that are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective will frequently overlap with the investment objectives and/or strategies of one or more other investment funds, separate accounts or other investment vehicles that TPG sponsors or manages. TPG refers to such other investment funds, separate accounts and other investment vehicles, whether currently existing or formed or acquired in the future, collectively as “other TPG funds.” Determining how to allocate investment opportunities gives rise to multiple conflicts of interest, which are described in more detail below.
Overlap with Other Existing and Future TPG Funds. By design, investment opportunities that are suitable for the Fund will often fit within the investment objectives or strategies of other TPG funds. TPG expects the Fund’s broad investment objective will lead to overlaps with the following TPG strategies: TPG Capital, TPG Healthcare Partners, TPG Asia, TPG Growth, TPG Tech Adjacencies, TPG Life Sciences Innovations, The Rise Funds, TPG Rise Climate, TPG GP Solutions and TPG NewQuest.
See “Item 1. Business” for a description of these strategies.
Additionally, but to a lesser extent, TPG expects to invest a portion of the Fund’s available capital in debt and other securities, including but not limited to, debt instruments, cash and money market funds, which could lead to overlap with the TPG Angelo Gordon Credit platform. See “Item 1. Business” for a description of the TPG Angelo Gordon Credit platform.
TPG and its affiliates may engage in strategic transactions in the future, which could lead to additional overlaps in investments. With every new fund, vehicle or account that TPG forms, invests in or acquires and that TPG considers a “TPG fund” for purposes of the following discussion, there is an increased likelihood of overlapping investment objectives.
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Allocation Procedures and Principles. When making allocation decisions, TPG is guided by its contractual obligations to its various funds, as well as its allocation procedures and principles.
For each allocation decision, TPG considers the “duty to offer” provisions of the relevant partnership agreements, the other constitutive documents of the relevant funds and other binding contractual obligations (including contractual obligations contained in side letters with investors in relevant TPG funds, if any). Many, though not all, TPG funds have “duty to offer” provisions, and these provisions are customized for each TPG fund in light of its mandate. Such “duty to offer” provisions for TPG funds may include, for example, a geographic focus (e.g., non-passive corporate investment opportunities of a certain size located in certain principal markets in the APAC region), an impact assessment (e.g., certain investments that satisfy TPG’s societal impact underwriting framework and standards), an industry focus (e.g., certain control-oriented real estate opportunities), a sourcing focus (e.g., certain private equity positions on a secondary basis that are sourced by a certain business team) or a transaction focus (e.g., GP-led secondary transactions with respect to assets that a GP will continue to manage). Other TPG funds include a more general “duty to offer” provision (e.g., non-passive corporate equity investment opportunities in the United States, Canada and Europe). Certain TPG funds also have a general requirement to allocate investments on a fair and equitable basis. “Duty to offer” provisions typically carve out certain types of investment opportunities, including follow-on investments or dispositions by other TPG funds, and overlap situations with other TPG funds as described below. Additionally, under the governing documents of certain TPG funds, TPG may, in its complete discretion and notwithstanding its other allocation principles, offer to other TPG funds (including the Fund) or co-investors up to 15% of the portion of any opportunity that is offered to such a TPG fund. This right is separate from and in addition to TPG’s ability to allocate co-investment from “overage” after a TPG fund receives its appropriate allocation.
Importantly, unlike the governing documents of the TPG funds described above, the Partnership Agreements do not impose on TPG a “duty to offer” to the Fund any potential investment opportunity, meaning TPG has no obligation to pursue through the Fund (as opposed to another TPG fund or TPG and/or its affiliates for their own accounts) an opportunity that fits within the Fund’s investment objective. If TPG determines that an opportunity is suitable in whole or in part for one or more other TPG funds, TPG is authorized to offer that opportunity to such other TPG fund or funds before offering it to the Fund, and the Fund may participate only after such other TPG fund or funds have received its or their suitable and/or contractually required allocations, as TPG determines in its sole discretion. Even where another TPG fund does not have a contractual “duty to offer” provision with respect to such investment, TPG may determine that an investment is suitable for such TPG fund, taking into account the investment objectives or other relevant provisions of the governing documents or marketing materials of such TPG fund. Similarly, TPG may determine that an investment in a portfolio company or a portfolio investment should be made on behalf of TPG or its affiliates (for their own accounts) or would be more appropriate as a business combination with TPG or its affiliates, even where such investment is suitable for the Fund (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Strategic Transactions”). As a result, the Fund could, in many circumstances, be allocated less than the portion of an investment opportunity that fits within its investment objective than TPG otherwise would have deemed suitable for it (or none at all), for example, where the opportunity is allocated entirely to another TPG fund or shared between the Fund and one or more other TPG funds, including co-investors. Accordingly, investment opportunities allocated to the Fund will generally be those that satisfy the investment objective of the Fund and that TPG concludes are: (i) too large for another TPG fund to make on its own, in which case the Fund could be offered the opportunity to co-invest alongside such other TPG fund, (ii) too small for another TPG fund, in which case the entire opportunity could be offered to the Fund, (iii) otherwise not suitable (in whole or in part) for other TPG funds that have a “duty to offer” or other relevant provision (or otherwise should not be presented to such funds in accordance with their investment objectives), given factors that could include, for example, those set forth below, and/or (iv) more appropriate for the Fund (in whole or in part) than another TPG fund (A) without a “duty to offer” or other relevant provision in such fund’s governing documents or (B) given such fund’s investment objectives based on relevant factors, including, for example, the potential investment’s target rate of return, risk profile, liquidity profile, duration of holding period and/or size, among other factors set forth below, and in each case the Fund could pursue the entire opportunity by itself or alongside other TPG funds with overlapping strategies. TPG has significant discretion in allocations of investments to the Fund, and there can be no assurance that any particular investment will be allocated to the Fund. As a result of other TPG funds’ priority rights, the Fund likely will not be offered the opportunity to participate in certain investment opportunities, and
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participation by the Fund in such opportunities is expected to be limited or curtailed to the extent required by the priority rights of such other TPG funds. In addition, TPG’s allocation of investment opportunities among the Fund and other TPG funds potentially will result in the allocation of all or none of an investment opportunity to the Fund (including in connection with follow-on investments), or a disproportionate allocation among the Fund and other TPG funds, with such allocations being less advantageous to the Fund relative to other TPG funds. Allocating all or any portion of an investment opportunity to one or more other TPG funds instead of the Fund will reduce the amount available to the Fund for investment. In certain cases, the Fund would likely decline to pursue an investment opportunity if it determines its allocation is too small to be appropriate for the Fund.
However, in certain circumstances, neither the “investment objective” provision of the Partnership Agreements nor the relevant provisions in other TPG funds’ documents will be determinative. For instance, as mentioned above, certain TPG funds’ “duty to offer” provisions carve out any investment opportunity that should be presented to another TPG fund in accordance with its investment objectives or the “duty to offer” or other relevant provisions of its fund documents or marketing materials (including other TPG funds that do not themselves have a “duty to offer”, like the Fund). In these cases, TPG allocates the investment opportunity in accordance with its contractual obligations and/or allocation principles. These principles reflect factors that TPG determines in good faith to be fair and reasonable. Factors TPG currently expects to consider include, but are not limited to:
the Fund’s and each other relevant TPG fund’s investment focus and objectives (e.g., investment strategy, asset class, industry focus, control orientation, etc.);
the professionals who sourced the investment opportunity;
the professionals who are expected to oversee and monitor the investment;
transaction dynamics, including dynamics with the management team of the relevant investment (e.g., whether the management team of the investment indicates a preference for a strategic transaction with certain TPG personnel or platforms, or with TPG as a firm (rather than with a TPG fund));
the expected amount of capital required to make the investment, as well as the Fund’s and each other relevant TPG fund’s current and projected capacity for investing (including for any potential follow-on investments or warehouse vehicles or arrangements);
the Fund’s and each other relevant TPG fund’s targeted rate of return and investment holding period;
expected cash characteristics (such as cash-on-cash yield, distribution rates or volatility of cash flows);
the stage of development of the prospective portfolio company;
the Fund’s and each other relevant TPG fund’s existing investments;
the investment opportunity’s risk profile;
the investment opportunity’s liquidity profile;
portfolio diversification and concentration concerns (including, but not limited to (i) allocations necessary for the Fund or other TPG funds to maintain a particular concentration in a certain type of investment (e.g., if another TPG fund follows a liquid strategy pursuant to which it sells a type of investment more or less frequently than the Fund and the Fund or such other TPG fund needs a non-pro rata additional allocation to maintain a particular concentration in that type of investment)
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and (ii) whether the Fund or other TPG funds already have desired exposure to the investment, sector, industry, geographic region or markets in question);
the Fund’s and each other relevant TPG fund’s expected life cycle and duration of commitment period (if any);
any relevant investment targets or restrictions (e.g., industry, concentration, etc.) for the Fund and each other relevant TPG fund;
investment target sizes for the Fund and each other relevant TPG fund, including any predetermined maximum and minimum investment sizes for the Fund and each other relevant TPG fund;
the ability of the Fund and each other relevant TPG fund to accommodate the desired terms of the transaction and/or the structural, timing and other aspects of the investment or the investment process;
the ability of the Fund or another TPG fund to employ leverage, hedging, derivatives or other similar strategies in connection with acquiring, holding, disposing of or otherwise realizing upon the particular investment opportunity, and any requirements or other terms of any existing leverage facilities;
investment excuse rights and other investment restriction-related rights specific to investors in each other relevant TPG fund;
the currency denomination of the Fund and each other relevant TPG fund, as well as the currency denomination of the applicable investment; and
legal, tax, contractual, accounting, regulatory or other considerations that TPG deems relevant (including the terms, conditions and other considerations of any exemptive relief from the SEC applicable to any TPG funds and/or board of director determinations with respect to any TPG funds).
The relevance of each allocation principle will vary from investment opportunity to investment opportunity, and in some cases, one single factor will outweigh the others. While TPG seeks to apply a generally consistent framework and approach, the facts and circumstances of each allocation decision remain determinative. There is no obligation for TPG to consider all such allocation principles in connection with the allocation of any given investment opportunity. In addition, TPG expects its allocation principles, and procedures more generally, to change over time. For example, TPG has and could continue to establish allocation criteria to apply more mechanically to particular categories of investments. TPG does not intend to notify Limited Partners of any changes TPG makes to its allocation policies, procedures or principles.
TPG’s Allocation Committee applies TPG’s allocation principles and makes allocation decisions in situations where the investment interests of certain funds overlap. The current composition of the Allocation Committee includes senior TPG professionals representing major investment platforms and TPG as a whole. TPG expects the Allocation Committee’s members and role, if any, in the allocation process to evolve over time.
The application of TPG’s allocation principles is a fact-intensive exercise. While TPG bases its allocation decisions on the information available to TPG at the time, this information could prove, in retrospect, to be incomplete or otherwise flawed. Furthermore, the weight TPG ascribes to certain considerations will evolve over time in response to, among other things, changes in market conditions, the competition TPG faces for investments and the mix of opportunities available. TPG (including the Allocation Committee, where relevant) makes allocation determinations based solely on its expectations at the time investments are made; however, investments and their characteristics may change and an investment not allocated to the Fund may prove to have been suitable for the
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Fund in hindsight. Additionally, because the Fund and other TPG funds are advised by different personnel that may have differing views regarding the attractiveness of a particular investment for the relevant funds, the Fund is expected from time to time to decline to pursue an investment that is then pursued by another TPG fund, TPG and/or its affiliates or vice versa. The allocation of opportunities requires TPG to make subjective judgments. Any such judgments and their application involve inherent conflicts and risks that assumptions regarding investment opportunities will not ultimately prove correct and accordingly, there can be no assurance that TPG’s subjective judgments will prove correct in hindsight.
In making an allocation decision, additional potential conflicts of interest are expected to arise. Specifically, because TPG’s funds have different fee, expense and compensation structures, TPG has an incentive to allocate an investment opportunity to the TPG fund that would generate a higher fee or performance allocation. As a result, because the Fund generally charges lower fees than other TPG funds with similar investment objectives, TPG has an incentive to allocate investment opportunities (or a portion thereof) to such other TPG funds rather than the Fund. In addition, TPG’s professionals will generally participate indirectly in investments made by the TPG funds in which they invest (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Interests of TPG’s Professionals in the Fund, Other TPG Funds and Other Entities”). TPG does not explicitly take such considerations into account in making allocation decisions and expect that TPG’s procedures and principles will help mitigate the risk that these incentives implicitly influence TPG’s allocation decisions.
TPG may decline an investment opportunity on behalf of the Fund for a variety of reasons, including to the extent TPG determines, in its discretion, that such investment could (i) have reputational considerations for the Limited Partners, TPG or the Fund, (ii) implicate considerations under TPG’s environmental, social and corporate governance policy, (iii) to TPG’s knowledge, have been the subject of concern or controversy among financial institutions, institutional Limited Partners or the public, (iv) require a longer hold period than is suitable for the Fund’s liquidity profile or (v) give rise to other similar considerations. In certain cases, such an investment may be allocated to one or more other TPG funds that have consented to the investment or do not have such considerations, in lieu of such investment being allocated to the Fund.
TPG and other TPG funds from time to time invest in the securities offerings of a portfolio company held by the Fund or another TPG fund (including through initial public offerings), which would result in TPG or a TPG fund receiving an allocation of portfolio company securities. In addition to potential conflicts of interest arising from the allocation of such securities, this arrangement also leads to similar conflicts described below, among other places, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Investing in Different Levels of the Capital Structure.”
Global Vehicles. Each investment opportunity that TPG allocates to the Fund will generally be shared among each Partnership and any other Parallel Investment Entities formed in the future (and accordingly and indirectly, among their respective feeder funds) pro rata in accordance with their respective available capital (or, in the case of any follow-on investments, their respective interests in the investment in respect of which the follow-on investment is made), subject to tax, legal, regulatory, accounting, compliance, operational or other considerations. In order to facilitate additional capital raising by the Fund from prospective investors in certain jurisdictions or with particular legal, tax, regulatory, accounting, compliance, operational or other requirements, TPG expects to form Parallel Investment Entities or feeder funds for the purpose of investing such prospective investors’ investments in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective.
Allocation Timing. TPG expects to determine final allocations among TPG funds only after certain expenses or other amounts have already become due and payable. In these circumstances, the Fund could initially bear the full amount of an upfront payment or expense, even if another TPG fund ultimately participates in the investment. In such a circumstance, the other TPG fund generally would reimburse the Fund for its proportionate share of such payment or expense when TPG determines the final allocation of the investment opportunity among the Fund and the other TPG funds, potentially without interest. Prior to a final allocation decision, the Fund, another TPG fund or an affiliate thereof may enter into a purchase and sale agreement in connection with the acquisition of an investment. After a final allocation decision, the initial party may assign all or any portion of such purchase and sale agreement to the Fund, one or more other TPG funds or an affiliate.
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In addition, TPG may alter a prior allocation determination in order to take into account a change in facts or assumptions. For example, the Fund is permitted to syndicate a potential co-investment after closing and other TPG funds have similar rights. In the event that the Fund or another TPG fund fails to syndicate a potential co-investment, TPG is permitted to re-allocate the portion of the investment that was not syndicated. Also, allocation determinations typically take into consideration the relative available capital of the participating TPG funds. In the event that there are changes to the relative available capital of the Fund and other TPG funds following its initial allocation determination (for example, due to another investment being contemporaneously pursued by the Fund or any such other TPG fund not ultimately being consummated), TPG is permitted to re-allocate the relevant investment among the Fund and such other TPG funds. In each of the situations described above, and other similar situation, the re-allocation may involve a transfer, a purchase or sale of such an investment between the Fund and another TPG fund, which will not require approval of the Independent Directors.
Warehousing by TPG. To the extent all or a part of an investment is intended to be allocated to another TPG fund (including a TPG fund that is not yet formed or actively investing) and/or to one or more co-investors in accordance with the allocation framework described herein, TPG is permitted to (i) acquire such investment (or portion thereof) with the expectation of subsequently transferring to such other TPG fund and/or co-investor and (ii) subsequently effectuate such transfer on terms it determines to be appropriate. To the extent the intended syndication is not ultimately consummated, including if the relevant TPG fund is not ultimately raised, TPG is permitted to retain such amounts not syndicated. In such circumstances, TPG is permitted either to continue to hold all or part of such investment or to dispose of all or part of its interest, which disposition may be at a different time from when the Fund or other TPG funds dispose of their interests (if any) in such investment. Conflicts of interest are expected to arise in connection with these transactions, including with respect to timing, structuring, pricing and other terms. The funds committed and/or used in any such warehousing by TPG and its affiliates may come from TPG’s own balance sheet and/or from one or more third parties that enter into arrangements with TPG with respect thereto, or may come from another TPG fund. TPG will have the right to earn underwriting and/or syndication or other fees from the portfolio company, or the purchasers of the syndication, and the Fund and Limited Partners will not be entitled to share in or receive the benefit of any such fees. TPG may be incentivized to underwrite and/or syndicate investments due to the right to earn fees not subject to offset in favor of the Limited Partners, even if the capital used to underwrite such amounts do not come entirely from TPG’s own balance sheet as described above, and TPG may share such fees with one or more third parties that commit to such equity investments and may charge purchasers of the equity fees and carried interest / performance allocations with respect thereto.
Allocation of Exit Opportunities. TPG may share appropriate sale and other exit and liquidity opportunities among the Fund and other TPG funds in a manner TPG believes is fair and reasonable in accordance with applicable allocation policies (which may result in the Fund not participating in all or a portion of any such opportunity or in a smaller portion of any such opportunity).
SPACs. TPG does not currently expect to, but could in the future, organize and sponsor separate public investment vehicles whose purpose is to make a single investment (each such vehicle, a “Special Purpose Acquisition Company”). TPG typically acquires “founder” shares and occasionally other securities of such Special Purpose Acquisition Companies. Any return or other amounts TPG earns with respect to those securities or otherwise as sponsor of a Special Purpose Acquisition Company will not reduce the Management Fee payable or the Performance Participation Allocation to be made by the Fund. The organization of Special Purpose Acquisition Companies may raise potential conflicts of interest similar to those that arise among the Fund and other TPG funds, including with respect to the allocation of investment opportunities and expenses, but they will not be considered successor funds of the Fund. For example, a Special Purpose Acquisition Company could invest in an opportunity the Fund initially considered and may therefore benefit from the Fund’s prior diligence, potentially without any corresponding obligation to reimburse the Fund for the cost of the diligence or related expenses. In addition, a TPG-sponsored Special Purpose Acquisition Company may acquire or combine with a portfolio company of a TPG fund, including the Fund (assuming the receipt of any necessary approvals under the organizational documents of the applicable funds).
Allocation of Fees and Expenses (Including for Broken Deals)
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TPG will also face conflicts of interest with respect to allocations of expenses among the Fund, other TPG funds and TPG. When the Fund co-invests alongside other TPG funds in an investment, TPG generally expects to allocate the fees and expenses incurred in connection with such investment to the participating investing vehicles in proportion to the relative amounts invested in such investment, or on such other basis determined to be fair and equitable, subject to certain legal, regulatory, tax and other considerations. However, if the transaction is abandoned or otherwise ultimately not consummated, TPG will seek to allocate the fees and expenses incurred in connection with such a “broken deal” among the Fund and the other investment vehicles that were considering the investment using its best judgment and based on the expected participation levels of the investing funds and/or accounts. This judgment is necessarily subjective, especially when a transaction is terminated at an early stage. When TPG abandons an opportunity, absent a factual development to the contrary, TPG will allocate the fees and expenses for such transaction to such fund or funds. Limited Partners will bear their share of fees and expenses for transactions that are terminated.
The financial position of the relevant funds could incentivize TPG to allocate such fees and expenses to one fund and not another. For example, it would be advantageous to allocate broken deal fees and expenses to a fund that is not expected to pay carried interest or make performance allocations to its general partner, as the fees and expenses would not affect the amount of carried interest paid or performance allocations made—it would be zero in any case. Conversely, it typically would be disadvantageous as an economic matter to allocate broken deal fees and expenses to a fund that is paying carried interest or making performance allocations, as doing so would delay and reduce the amount of carried interest or performance allocations paid to the relevant general partner. As with TPG’s other allocation decisions, TPG’s allocation procedures and principles are designed to help mitigate the risk that financial incentives implicitly influence the allocation of broken deal fees and expenses.
In addition, as described in “Allocation of Co-Investment Opportunities,” in certain instances TPG will evaluate investment opportunities that, if consummated, TPG would likely offer in part to prospective co-investors, including affiliated co-investors and vehicles over which TPG exercises investment discretion (such as dedicated, multi-investment co-investment vehicles). If such a potential investment is not consummated, the full amount of any expenses relating to such potential but not consummated investment and co-investment (including reverse termination or other “broken deal” fees, organizational expenses of a co-invest vehicle, extraordinary expenses such as litigation costs and judgments and other expenses) will typically be borne entirely by the Fund (and any other TPG funds that would have participated in such investment), rather than by any such prospective co-investors (including affiliated co-investors). Alternatively, there may be scenarios where the potential investment is consummated, but the co-investment is not, in which case the Fund (and any other TPG funds that participated in such investment) will typically bear the full amount of any expenses relating to such potential, but not consummated, co-invest vehicle, including expenses that would have been organizational expenses of the relevant co-invest vehicle (including travel, legal, accounting, tax and other expenses). In addition, such co-investors could independently pursue such transaction, without reimbursing the Fund for its broken deal costs.
Investing Alongside Other TPG Funds
TPG expects that a large portion of the Fund’s direct investments in portfolio companies will be alongside one or more other TPG funds. When this occurs, the Fund could acquire its interests in a portfolio company at separate times and on different terms than the other TPG fund(s), and the approval of the Independent Directors will only be sought in such instance if expressly required by the Partnership Agreements. When TPG determines that it would be appropriate for (i) the Fund to make an investment in or buy a security from a pre-existing portfolio company of one or more other TPG funds and/or sell a security to the account of one or more other TPG funds, (ii) one or more other TPG funds to later invest in a portfolio company in which the Fund has invested or (iii) a company in which certain TPG personnel hold an interest to acquire a portfolio company or other investment of the Fund, TPG will generally seek to make any such investment on the same general terms and ensure that each participating TPG fund, including the Fund, participates on a fair and equitable basis in accordance with TPG’s then-current allocation policy. However, situations may occur where the Fund could be disadvantaged as a result of TPG’s investment activities conducted for other TPG funds, including because co-investing TPG funds have different terms, access to credit, hedging or investment strategies, investment periods, return profiles and/or investment vehicles and structures as compared to the Fund, which factors could result in the Fund’s investment
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being made at a different effective price or with differing costs or terms. In addition, the foregoing transactions would be expected to have an effect (either positive or negative) on the market value of the Fund’s investment. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Allocation of Co-Investment Opportunities” below.
In many cases, the Fund will co-invest in lockstep with another TPG fund, with both funds making and exiting the shared investment at the same time and on substantially the same terms. In other cases, however (for example, without limitation, in respect of certain credit investments), the Fund and the other TPG fund will have different entry and/or exit timing in the same portfolio company, acquire the same or different security or extend credit on different terms or acquire, originate or otherwise make investments in different parts of a portfolio company’s capital structure (as further described in “Investing in Different Levels of the Capital Structure” below). In these scenarios, the Fund and the other relevant TPG funds will not be required under the Partnership Agreements to, and may not, exit their respective investments at the same time, for the same effective price and/or on the same or substantially the same terms, taking into consideration, among other things, the respective terms, commitment periods, structures, investment strategies and return profiles of each TPG fund, as applicable, as well as any applicable tax, regulatory or legal restrictions or considerations. For instance, the Fund, which is structured as a perpetual-life strategy, and another TPG fund that is close to the end of its commitment period, could make a shared investment that could result in the Fund exiting the shared investment at a different time, at a different effective price and/or with different other terms than such other TPG fund, which could increase the likelihood of divergent returns as between the Fund and such other TPG fund. In such cases, the other TPG fund’s view of the investment and its interests may diverge from those of the Fund. This could cause the other TPG fund to dispose of, increase its exposure to or continue to hold the investment at a time when the Fund has taken a different approach. As a result, the actions of the other TPG fund could affect the value of the Fund’s investment. For instance, a sale by the other TPG fund of its investment “below par” could put downward pressure on the value of the Fund’s interest, which the Fund has opted to hold longer term. The other TPG fund is under no obligation to act in a way that furthers or protects the interests of the Fund.
In connection with any investment in which another TPG fund also participates, TPG reserves the right to give advice and make investment recommendations to any other TPG fund that differs from advice given to, or investment recommendations made to, the Fund (including with respect to the timing of the purchase or sale of investments), even if such other TPG fund’s investment objectives are the same or similar to those of the Fund. TPG could express inconsistent views on commonly held investments or on market conditions more generally.
To the extent not restricted by confidentiality requirements or information barriers, TPG will generally apply the experience and information obtained by managing the Fund to benefit other TPG funds (and vice versa). However, TPG could obtain information while dealing with portfolio companies of other TPG funds that TPG is prohibited from acting on in respect of or otherwise disclosing to the Fund as a result of confidentiality requirements, internal policy, information barriers or applicable law, even though such action or disclosure could be in the Fund’s interests (e.g., when another TPG fund holds an interest in a portfolio company of the Fund that goes into bankruptcy or reorganization, becomes insolvent or otherwise experiences financial distress or is unable to meet its payment obligations or comply with covenants relating to securities held by the Fund).
In addition, where multiple TPG funds invest in the same portfolio company at different times, the first TPG fund to invest typically will bear a higher level of diligence and transaction fees, costs and expenses than the later investing TPG funds; similarly, to the extent a transaction does not proceed, the first TPG fund to invest typically will bear the full amount of broken deal expenses relating to the transaction, regardless of whether other TPG funds could or would have invested in such portfolio company in potential future transactions. Moreover, the securities that will be purchased by the later-investing TPG funds could have more attractive terms and conditions than the securities issued to the earlier TPG fund. In the case of follow-on investments, to the extent the Fund has insufficient available capital to support making follow-on investments in respect of its existing investments, then the Fund could suffer dilution, while the other TPG fund may continue investing. Further, there can be no assurance that the Fund’s return on such an investment will be the same as the returns achieved by any other TPG fund(s) participating in the transaction.
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Frequently, the Fund will be invited to co-invest in transactions being managed or led by one or more other TPG funds and, in other circumstances, one or more other TPG funds may be invited to co-invest with the Fund. In determining whether to engage in such side-by-side investing and upon what terms, TPG will follow the procedures set forth in the Partnership Agreements and will act in accordance with TPG’s then-current allocation policy. In such circumstances, the investment by the Fund and such other TPG funds likely will not be proportional. Therefore, such participation by the Fund may be more or less advantageous to the Fund relative to such other TPG funds. In addition, such side-by-side investing is expected to give rise to potential conflicts of interest, including allocations of investment interests, governance rights and the sharing of fees and expenses. The appropriate allocation among the Fund and such other TPG funds of fees, costs and expenses generated in the course of evaluating and making side-by-side investments that are not consummated (including out-of-pocket fees associated with due diligence, attorney fees, and the fees of other professionals) will be determined by the General Partner in its sole discretion in accordance with its then-current expense allocation processes.
With respect to expense allocations for investments allocated to the Fund and one or more other TPG funds, TPG generally expects to allocate any partnership expenses or unconsummated transaction expenses pro rata in accordance with each fund’s respective investments or proposed investments, unless TPG determines that a different allocation is fair and equitable under the circumstances. In addition, with respect to such investments, in the event another TPG fund is unable to fund its share of additional capital (e.g., in the event such TPG fund does not have sufficient available capital), the Fund may be obligated to fund more than its share of such amount. In such event, the Fund will gain greater exposure to such investment than may have been intended and the returns of the Fund may be negatively impacted as a result of the foregoing. TPG will, in certain circumstances, have an opportunity to acquire a portfolio or pool of assets, securities and instruments that TPG determines should be divided and allocated among the Fund or other TPG funds. In this situation, the combined purchase price paid to the seller(s) would be allocated among the multiple assets being acquired and therefore among the Fund and the other TPG funds acquiring any of the assets, although TPG could, in certain circumstances, allocate value to the Fund and such other TPG funds on a different basis than the contractual purchase price (including based on the underlying values of the assets in such portfolio or pool). Regardless of the methodology for allocating value, TPG will have conflicting duties to the Fund and the other TPG fund when assets are bought together in a portfolio, including as a result of different financial incentives TPG has with respect to the Fund and the other TPG fund, most clearly when the fees and allocations, including incentive-based allocations and compensation (such as performance allocations, carried interest and performance fees) earned from the Fund and the other TPG fund differ. There can be no assurance that a portfolio company of the Fund will not be valued or allocated a purchase price that is higher or lower than it might otherwise have been valued or allocated if such portfolio company were acquired or sold independently rather than as a component of a portfolio shared with other TPG funds.
Other TPG funds may also make investments in portfolio companies or issuers in which the Fund invests by exercising certain rights that were negotiated by the Fund (or another TPG fund). For example, another TPG fund could exercise pre-emptive rights, options, warrants and other contractual rights obtained and negotiated for by the Fund (or another TPG fund), in connection with a previous investment in the applicable portfolio company or issuer, and vice versa. Such investments may create conflicts of interest, including where other TPG funds have the opportunity to benefit from rights and options that were negotiated by the Fund, in some cases in exchange for no consideration. Similar conflicts will arise if TPG, including the Management Company and its affiliates, invests alongside the Fund in a portfolio company. In addition, a portfolio company of the Fund could over time develop characteristics that result in the portfolio company constituting an attractive investment opportunity for another TPG fund and vice versa. For example, a portfolio company of the Fund could evolve into an asset with a lower or higher risk and return profile and a shorter or longer expected holding period targeted by another TPG fund. In such cases, the General Partner could seek to effect a purchase or sale of an investment between the Fund and one or more other TPG funds, subject in each case to applicable procedures. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Cross Transactions” below. In addition, investments by the Fund alongside TPG funds may result in the incurrence of additional investment expense and delays as a result of the greater structural complexity faced by TPG in seeking to address the needs of multiple funds, which may have investment objectives and/or sensitivities that conflict or are otherwise at odds with one another.
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Notwithstanding the foregoing, other TPG funds (and their portfolio companies) are under no obligation to take any action or refrain from taking any action to prevent or mitigate any losses by the Fund, or to take into account the Fund’s interests in advising their respective portfolio companies or otherwise managing their assets. In navigating any conflicts of interest, TPG will act in accordance with its conflicts policy (which may include review and resolution by a conflicts committee comprising TPG affiliates).
Investing in Different Levels of the Capital Structure
TPG funds invest in a broad range of asset classes throughout the corporate capital structure, including loans and debt securities, preferred equity securities and common equity securities. Certain TPG funds also engage in short selling. Accordingly, it is possible that the Fund will hold an interest in one part of a portfolio company’s capital structure while another TPG fund holds an interest in another; similarly, the Fund may hold a “long” position in a portfolio company in which another TPG fund is “short,” or vice versa. For example, one or more other TPG funds could invest in the publicly traded securities of a portfolio company of another TPG fund, including by purchasing these securities in an initial public offering. Alternatively, one or more other TPG funds could invest in a subsequent financing round of an existing portfolio company of another TPG fund, assuming receipt of the necessary approvals (if any) from the advisory committees of the respective funds. When different TPG funds or TPG and its affiliates make investments in the same portfolio company but in different parts of its capital structure or in different types of investments, TPG will have conflicting responsibilities with respect to each participating TPG fund and itself. Specifically, these transactions raise a number of conflicts of interest, including where the investment of one TPG fund supports the value of or is used to repay or redeem, in whole or in part, one or more portfolio companies in which another TPG fund or TPG holds an interest. These conflicts are heightened to the extent the relevant securities are illiquid or do not have a readily ascertainable value, and there generally can be no assurance that the price at which such transactions are entered into represent what would ultimately be the underlying investment’s fair value. For the avoidance of doubt, in any circumstance in which the Fund and another TPG fund (or portfolio company thereof) hold interests in different parts of the capital structure of a portfolio company of the Fund, such other TPG fund (and its portfolio companies) are under no obligation to take any action or refrain from taking any action to prevent or mitigate any losses of the other, and decisions taken by TPG or such other TPG fund to further its interests may be adverse to the interests of the Fund. As described in this Registration Statement, TPG acquired Angelo Gordon in 2023, which makes it increasingly likely (and expected) that another TPG fund will invest in a different level of the capital structure of a particular company than the Fund is invested. In navigating any conflicts of interest, TPG will act in accordance with its conflicts policy (which may include review and resolution by a conflicts committee comprising TPG affiliates).
In a situation where one TPG fund (including the Fund) owns securities that are higher in the capital structure than those held by another TPG fund (including the Fund), the interests of the Fund and other TPG funds might not be aligned, which could give rise to actual or potential conflicts of interest or the appearance of such conflicts of interest. Questions could arise about what action should be taken when a portfolio company is in financial distress, including whether payment obligations and covenants at the portfolio company level should be enforced, modified or waived, in particular where requests for amendments or waivers to loan documentation would improve the position of preferred equity or equity holders, and whether debt should be refinanced or restructured, including whether to initiate restructuring or liquidation inside or outside of bankruptcy. In situations in which there are more senior instruments issued by other TPG funds (for instance, where the Fund is invested in the senior equity and another TPG fund is invested in the debt of a portfolio company), such other TPG funds may take actions for their benefit that further subordinate or adversely impact the value of the Fund’s investment in a portfolio company (particularly in situations where such portfolio company is distressed or otherwise faces financial difficulties, in which case conflicts of interest may be heightened in the event of a default or restructuring). Additionally, another TPG fund may have rights relating to finance- and collateral-related covenants that, if exercised, could adversely impact the Fund’s or the other TPG fund’s investment in the portfolio company. It is possible that in a bankruptcy or foreclosure proceeding, the Fund’s interest will be subordinated to the interest of another TPG fund with a more senior interest or otherwise adversely affected by virtue of another TPG fund’s involvement in such transaction (for example, if such TPG fund aggressively pursues the portfolio company’s assets to fully satisfy such portfolio company’s indebtedness to such other TPG fund, in which case, as a fiduciary, TPG could have the obligation to pursue such remedy on behalf of such other TPG fund), particularly when such other TPG fund represents the
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controlling class or is appointed as a special servicer or collateral manager and, as such, is required to make decisions for all investors, including the Fund. On the other hand, in the event the Fund’s investment is senior to the securities or other instruments held by another TPG fund in the capital structure of the investment (such as, for example, if the Fund were to invest in senior equity or senior debt of a portfolio company in which another TPG fund holds common equity or junior debt), in a distress or workout scenario, including a bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceeding, the Fund could recover on its investment while the other TPG fund holding common equity or junior debt might not. If there is a possibility that the other TPG fund holding more junior debt or equity positions could lose its respective investment as a result of such difficulties, the ability or willingness of the General Partner to recommend actions in the best interests of the Fund might be influenced by TPG’s duties to such other TPG fund. Further, if additional capital is necessary as a result of financial or other difficulties, or to finance growth or other opportunities, the Fund and other TPG funds may or may not provide such additional capital and, if provided, each investment vehicle generally will supply such additional capital in such amounts, if any, as determined by TPG in its sole discretion.
Because of the different legal rights associated with debt and equity of the same portfolio company, TPG and its affiliates expect to face a conflict of interest in respect of the advice given to, and the actions taken on behalf of, the Fund versus another TPG fund in connection with certain investments and/or transactions (e.g., the terms of debt instruments, the enforcement of covenants, the terms and recapitalizations and the resolution of workouts or bankruptcies). As a consequence of the type of investment held by other TPG funds in the relevant portfolio company (or the fact that another TPG fund’s interests sit higher in a company’s waterfall), each such other TPG fund will likely have a different assessment of a given situation and the approach that best serves its interests, including in respect of significant matters such as the best exit strategy for an investment, the quality of the management team, the achievability of a financial budget or the economic and other terms of an investment (such as the interest rate to be paid, the security granted, the nature of the covenants and terms of amendments or restructurings). The Fund and other TPG funds that have invested in the same portfolio company (including, but not limited to, with respect to equity interests and debt interests) may have different rights and remedies and different (and often competing) motives, incentives, liquidity goals and other interests with respect to its respective investment even outside of a distress situation (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Investing Alongside Other TPG Funds” above). The stage of maturity of each TPG fund (i.e., how close to the end of the vehicle’s life it may be or if the vehicle has a perpetual life) also could impact decision-making regarding potential sales processes, including what valuation to target and whether an exit should be pursued.
When TPG funds hold investments in different levels of the capital structure and conflicts of interest arise between the holders of different types of investments as to what actions the relevant portfolio company should take, the ability of the General Partner to take actions in the best interests of the Fund might be impaired. The existence of such investments by other TPG funds may also create an incentive for the General Partner to concentrate in certain portfolio companies more than it would have in the absence of such investments by other TPG funds. In such circumstances, TPG is permitted to (but not obligated to), to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, take steps to reduce the potential for adversity between the Fund and the other TPG funds, notwithstanding the fact that the investment(s) of the Fund may be subject to creditor claims regarding subordination of interests, including by causing the Fund to take certain actions that, in the absence of such conflict, it would not take, such as (i) remaining passive in certain contexts, such as without limitation, a restructuring, foreclosure, refinancing or similar situation (including electing not to vote or voting pro rata with other security holders), (ii) investing in the same or similar classes of securities as the other TPG fund in order to align their interests, (iii) divesting investments in portfolio companies, (iv) establishing ethical screens or temporary information barriers to separate TPG investment professionals, (v) maintaining a non-controlling interest in such portfolio companies, (vi) forbearing rights, including certain non-economic rights, relating to the Fund and other TPG funds, such as where TPG may cause the Fund or other TPG funds to decline to exercise certain control- and/or foreclosure-related rights with respect to a portfolio company (including following the vote of other third-party lenders generally or otherwise recusing itself with respect to decisions), including with respect to defaults, foreclosures, workouts, restructurings and/or exit opportunities, subject to certain limitations or (vii) otherwise taking an action designed to reduce adversity between the Fund and another TPG fund. Any such step could have the effect of benefiting another TPG fund (or TPG) and therefore may not have been in the best interests of, and may have been adverse to, the Fund (or another TPG fund), and there can be no assurance that any of these measures will be feasible or effective in any particular situation.
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Ultimately, it is possible that the outcome for the Fund will be less favorable than might otherwise have been the case if TPG did not owe duties to other TPG funds. Such conflicts will be more difficult if the Fund and other TPG funds hold significant or controlling interests in competing or different tranches of a portfolio company’s capital structure.
It is also anticipated that TPG and TPG affiliates (other than TPG funds) could invest in portfolio companies of the Fund or other TPG funds, including on a temporary basis while warehousing investments on behalf of the Fund or other TPG funds or on a permanent basis (e.g., in connection with an establishment of a specific business). This is expected to lead to many of the same conflicts of interest as described above, including on a more pronounced basis in light of TPG itself being invested in a different level of the capital structure of a portfolio company as compared to a TPG fund.
TPG is permitted (but is not obligated) to put in place additional policies and procedures intended to mitigate any actual or potential conflicts of interest arising as a result of the ability for the Fund, TPG and other TPG funds to invest in various levels of the capital structure of the same portfolio companies. Any such policies are likely to evolve and as such, are subject to amendment from time to time.
Cross Transactions
The Fund may purchase investments (including interests in other TPG funds) from, or sell investments (including interests in other TPG funds) to, other TPG affiliates or other TPG funds. In such a transaction, in the absence of the participation of other sellers alongside the Fund or other buyers alongside the other parties affiliated with TPG or vice versa, the investment could be bought or sold, as applicable, by the Fund at a price negotiated entirely by TPG on both sides of the transaction. TPG will generally rely upon internal analysis to determine the ultimate value of the applicable investment, although TPG may also obtain third-party valuation reports in respect of such investment. Such purchases and sales could occur on a programmatic basis. Purchases and sales, directly or indirectly, of investments between the Fund, on one hand, and other TPG funds or TPG and its affiliates, on the other hand, are not subject to the approval of the Board of Directors (including the Independent Directors) or any Limited Partner unless required under the Advisers Act or other applicable law or regulation. TPG will have conflicting duties to the Fund and other TPG affiliates or other TPG funds when the Fund buys or sells investments from or to other TPG affiliates or other TPG funds (and, potentially, when the Fund buys, sells or redeems interests in other TPG funds), including as a result of different financial incentives TPG may have with respect to the Fund and such other TPG affiliates or other TPG funds. There can be no assurance that any investments sold by the Fund to another TPG affiliate or other TPG fund (or any interests in another TPG fund sold or redeemed by the Fund) will not be valued or allocated a sale price that is lower than might otherwise have been the case if such asset were sold to a third party rather than to another TPG affiliate or other TPG fund (or, in the case of interests in another TPG fund sold or redeemed by the Fund, if the issuer of the interests were a third party rather than another TPG fund). TPG will generally not be required to solicit third-party bids or obtain a third-party valuation prior to causing the Fund to purchase or sell any investment from or to another TPG fund (or to purchase, sell or redeem any interests in another TPG fund). These conflicts relating to buying or selling investments to or from other TPG affiliates or other TPG funds will not necessarily be resolved in favor of the Fund, and Limited Partners may not be entitled to receive notice or disclosure of the occurrence of these conflicts (except as provided above).
Continuation Transactions
TPG is permitted, in its sole discretion, to establish and control continuation vehicles with respect to portfolio companies and to hold long-dated investments and/or investments targeting a lower return, among other purposes (each, a “Continuation Vehicle”). The Fund may sell one or more of its investments to any such Continuation Vehicle, which sale may be made in connection with, or alongside, other TPG funds making the investment, on such terms that TPG determines to be fair and reasonable to the Fund (each, a “Continuation Transaction”). In such circumstances, TPG is acting on behalf of, and making the investment decision for, both the Fund and the applicable Continuation Vehicle. As a result, Continuation Transactions implicate the conflicts of interest described above in “Cross Transactions” between the Fund and the Continuation Vehicle more generally. Given that TPG may charge management fees, incentive-based allocations and/or compensation and/or other fees to
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the buyer of such investment in return for providing post-sale advisory or similar services (including reimbursements for costs and expenses) in connection with any Continuation Transaction, TPG could potentially benefit to a greater extent in pursuing a Continuation Transaction over other types of transactions when pursuing the Fund’s exit from any investment. Further, because each purchaser’s commitment to acquire interests in a Continuation Vehicle will ordinarily be conditioned upon completion of the Continuation Transaction, TPG will have a potential conflict of interest in determining transaction terms and participants. A Continuation Transaction may also result in other TPG funds disposing of their interests in an investment at a later time than the Fund and otherwise taking actions with respect to such investment that are different than the actions taken by the Fund. As such, other TPG funds could ultimately receive a return that is higher than the return achieved by the Fund. While certain conflicts of interest related to Continuation Transactions may require approval by the Independent Directors, certain Continuation Transactions may be able to be completed by TPG without any such approval.
Investments by Other TPG Funds
Given the breadth of TPG’s portfolio across platforms, it is expected that TPG and other TPG funds from time to time to invest in a competitor or customer of, or service provider or supplier to, a portfolio company of the Fund (see also “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Interests in Non-Affiliated Entities”). This would give rise to a variety of conflicts of interest. For example, as a creditor with a senior debt interest in a portfolio company, another TPG fund could take actions, consistent with its obligations to maximize the return to its investors, that would be adverse to the interests of the Fund as a holder of a junior debt interest or senior equity interest in such portfolio company, such as causing the acceleration of its debt or exercising other rights it has that could precipitate a sharp decline in its available capital, and therefore impact such portfolio company’s ability to ultimately repay the Fund’s interest. The existence of such investments by other TPG funds may also create an incentive for the General Partner to concentrate in certain portfolio companies more than it would have in the absence of such investments by other TPG funds.
In addition, another TPG fund or its portfolio company may take actions for commercial reasons that have adverse consequences for the Fund, or one of its portfolio companies, such as developing properties, pursuing tenants or seeking to increase its market share at the Fund’s portfolio company’s expense (as a competitor), withdrawing business from one of the Fund’s portfolio companies in favor of a competitor that offers the same product or service at a more competitive price (as a customer), increasing prices in lock-step with other enterprises in the industry (as a supplier) or commencing litigation against one of the Fund’s portfolio companies (in any capacity), all of which could increase such portfolio company’s expenses or negatively impact such portfolio company’s revenues and income from operations thereby making it more difficult for such portfolio company to meet its debt service obligations.
Notwithstanding the foregoing risks, other TPG funds (and their portfolio companies) are under no obligation to take any action or refrain from taking any action to prevent or mitigate any losses by the Fund, or to take into account the Fund’s interests in advising their respective portfolio companies or otherwise managing their assets.
It is also anticipated that TPG and TPG affiliates (other than TPG funds) could invest in a competitor or customer of, or service provider or supplier to, a portfolio company of the Fund. This is expected to lead to many of the same conflicts of interest as described above.
Restrictions Arising from the Activities of TPG’s Affiliates; Information Barriers
TPG’s funds and investment platforms regularly obtain nonpublic information regarding target companies and other investment opportunities. TPG has established an information barrier between the TPG Angelo Gordon platform, on one side, and TPG’s other platforms (including the private equity business), on the other side (the “TPG AG Information Barrier”) (as further discussed below in “Walled-Off Businesses”). TPG does not currently maintain permanent information barriers among the businesses on a particular side of the TPG AG Information Barrier and, as noted below, such information barrier may be adjusted or fully removed at any time (including by moving one or more strategies from one side of the information barrier to another). Accordingly, in such
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circumstances, TPG generally considers nonpublic information received by an investment team on one side of an information barrier as being imputed to all other investment professionals on the same side of such information barrier, including all of the personnel on the same side of such information barrier who make investments. In the absence of an information barrier (or if an existing information barrier is subsequently changed or removed), if another TPG fund receives material nonpublic information with respect to a company, the Fund could face, as a result of securities law prohibitions on trading on the basis of material nonpublic information, restrictions on its ability to pursue a direct transaction with that company or dispose of an investment. Moreover, the confidentiality agreements other TPG funds enter into often include provisions, such as “standstills,” that could prevent the Fund from making an investment, including a direct transaction with the company, potentially for extended periods.
In addition, the Fund is authorized to, and certain other TPG funds regularly, trade securities and debt instruments in the secondary market. In the absence of information barriers (or if an existing information barrier is subsequently changed or removed), another TPG fund’s receipt of nonpublic information on a particular company would, as a result of securities laws or applicable industry conventions (such as with respect to secondary loan trading), generally restrict the trading activities of the Fund with respect to that company. Moreover, the operation of certain Partnership Agreement provisions could impair these other TPG funds’ ability to trade the securities or debt instruments of a company if the Fund invests in that company. In certain circumstances, TPG will have an incentive to avoid taking actions that would impede the operation of another TPG fund. For example, TPG reserves the right to decline to receive nonpublic information on a company or otherwise pursue an investment opportunity for the Fund if doing so would prevent other TPG funds from trading securities or debt instruments currently in their portfolio or of interest to them.
TPG is permitted to erect temporary or permanent information barriers to restrict the transfer of nonpublic information between other TPG funds and the Fund to avoid the restrictions described in the preceding paragraphs. TPG may also do so for commercial reasons, e.g., if a portfolio company requires that the Fund keep information about the portfolio company confidential and not disclose it to other TPG platforms, or for other reasons (e.g., to benefit another TPG fund). In these instances, however, the Fund’s ability to benefit from TPG expertise outside any such barrier will be limited. In addition, in the event that an information barrier designed to insulate the Fund is breached, even if inadvertently, the Fund will likely face the same restrictions on its investment activities as it would have faced had the information barrier not been established in the first place.
In certain situations, TPG may permit an investment professional on one side of an information barrier to participate in certain investment advisory activities involving a business on the other side of the information barrier. To the extent such investment professional acquires MNPI in connection with such activities, the Fund and other TPG funds on both sides of an information barrier may be restricted from making certain investments.
There can be no assurance that TPG’s information barrier policies will not otherwise adversely affect the ability of the Fund to effectively achieve its investment objective by unduly limiting the investment flexibility of the Fund and/or the flow of otherwise appropriate information between TPG and other businesses at TPG. Additionally, there could be circumstances in which one or more individuals associated with TPG will be precluded from providing services to the Fund or from being involved in specific investment-related activities or decisions because of certain confidential information available to those individuals or to other TPG individuals or because of other applicable legal or regulatory restrictions that result from their oversight of or involvement in activities of other TPG funds. In such circumstances, the information barrier could require such individuals to recuse themselves from Fund committees or otherwise from participating in or sharing information relevant to investment activities or decisions relating to the Fund’s investments. Alternatively, TPG and its affiliates could determine that such investment professionals should so recuse themselves to ensure that they can participate in the investment activities and decisions of other TPG funds. The Fund could be adversely impacted in such circumstances. There can be no assurance that additional restrictions will not be imposed that would further limit TPG’s ability to share information internally.
Walled-Off Businesses
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TPG is permitted in its discretion to place certain funds, businesses, platforms or other groups of individuals and/or entities behind information barriers in order to limit the free flow of information across any such information barrier. As described above, currently, the TPG Angelo Gordon platform operates behind the TPG AG Information Barrier and is therefore “walled-off” from TPG’s other businesses and platforms (including the Fund). However, TPG may in the future evaluate the scope and necessity of such practice and decide to adjust (including by moving one or more strategies from one side of the TPG AG Information Barrier to another) or fully remove such information barrier, which could result in funds within the TPG Angelo Gordon platform no longer being “walled off” from TPG’s private equity business and the Fund. For the avoidance of doubt, no approval of the Independent Directors or consent of the Limited Partners will be required in order to implement, adjust or fully remove any information barrier, including the TPG AG Information Barrier, even if such adjustment or removal would materially and adversely impact the Fund.
Given that TPG Angelo Gordon and any other “walled-off” businesses are siloed by an information barrier from TPG’s private equity business, they generally would not share information with the Fund and would have different day-to-day management from the Fund. Accordingly, the Partnership Agreements do not subject TPG Angelo Gordon and any other “walled-off” businesses to certain restrictions otherwise applicable to TPG’s affiliates. For example, TPG Angelo Gordon and any other of these businesses and their dedicated personnel generally are authorized to:
make investments without regard to the Fund’s investment allocation provisions or the allocation principles described above;
invest in a portfolio company of the Fund;
receive payments from the Fund’s portfolio companies without applying those amounts to offset the management fee payable by Limited Partners; and
enter into transactions with the portfolio companies.
In addition, under the Partnership Agreements, TPG would not be required to obtain approval of the Independent Directors to invest in a company in which such business or its personnel already holds an existing material investment.
Similarly, TPG would not be required to obtain approval of the Independent Directors for the Fund to acquire an investment from or dispose of an investment to a “walled-off” business in a transaction that is directly negotiated between the Fund and any such “walled-off” business.
While information barriers (including the TPG AG Information Barrier) are designed to restrict the flow of information between certain businesses, there can be no assurances that such barriers would not be breached, inadvertently or otherwise, including with respect to information regarding investment opportunities, deal pipelines and strategy, which could result in greater restrictions on the Fund’s investment activities, and implicate certain of the risks and conflicts described above in “Restrictions Arising from the Activities of TPG’s Affiliates; Information Barriers.
TPG may in the future adjust, remove or erect new temporary or permanent information barriers, which may mitigate, exacerbate or eliminate any of the conflicts discussed above and could present new additional conflicts not addressed above.
Interests in Non-Affiliated Entities
The Partnership Agreement provisions that relate specifically to TPG’s affiliates do not apply to companies, funds or other entities that are not, or are no longer, TPG’s affiliates for purposes of the Partnership Agreements, even if the other TPG funds, TPG and/or its personnel have significant economic interests and/or non-controlling governance rights in such entities or have agreed to a transaction that would cause TPG and such entities to become
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affiliated in the future. For example, TPG and certain other TPG platforms and funds, including NewQuest, TPG GP Solutions and TPG NEXT, have made and expect to continue to make investments in unaffiliated fund managers or other investment vehicles managed by a third party (including private equity funds, hedge funds, real estate funds and other similar investment vehicles), which may include potential competitors of TPG or the Fund and which entities may engage in similar investment transactions as the Fund, including with respect to the purchase and sale of investments. These unaffiliated fund managers or investment vehicles may invest in similar industries and sectors, or in the same portfolio companies, as the Fund (including in different levels of the portfolio company’s capital structure) and there may be situations in which such unaffiliated fund manager or investment vehicle purchases securities from, or sells securities to, the Fund. Additionally, TPG and its personnel enter into joint ventures or similar arrangements with unaffiliated fund managers that entitle TPG or its personnel to material amounts of incentive-based allocations and compensation, management fees and other economics related to the funds they manage and their other activities. TPG and/or its personnel also often have minority governance rights in these ventures, such as information rights and veto, change of control and other protections. TPG may assist these fund managers and their sponsored funds with their fundraising and investment activities, including by offering them the opportunity to co-sponsor, or co-invest in, the Fund’s investments, potentially on more favorable terms than TPG offers others. The Fund could also transact directly with unaffiliated fund managers and their sponsored funds, including in relation to the purchase or sale of fund assets and interests. In addition to investing in unaffiliated fund managers, TPG and/or its personnel expect to acquire economic interests and minority governance rights in other companies, including those that provide services to, and receive compensation from, the Fund and/or its portfolio companies. Transactions by the Fund or its portfolio companies with or alongside non-affiliated entities generally would not trigger Independent Director disclosure, review or approval provisions of the Partnership Agreements applicable to transactions with affiliates, regardless of whether they are on arm’s-length terms. Similarly, any fees or compensation the Fund or its portfolio companies pay to such entities would not offset the Fund’s management fees even if TPG and/or its personnel have an indirect material economic interest in the entities. In addition, investment opportunities sourced by these ventures generally would not be subject to the Fund’s allocation provisions, which only apply to investments presented to TPG’s affiliates, notwithstanding the role TPG’s employees play in evaluating and consummating such investments.
Investments of TPG’s Personnel
TPG and its personnel are permitted to buy or sell securities or other instruments that TPG has recommended to the Fund. In addition, TPG’s personnel may also buy securities in transactions offered to, but rejected by, the Fund. In the event of such transactions, conflicts of interest are likely to arise because such investing personnel will, for some investments, benefit from the evaluation, investigation and due diligence undertaken by TPG on behalf of the Fund. In such circumstances, the investing personnel typically will not share or reimburse the Fund or TPG for any expenses incurred in connection with the investment opportunity.
In addition, TPG’s personnel may also buy securities and hold interests as passive investors in other investment vehicles (including private equity funds, hedge funds, real estate funds and other similar investment vehicles) that may include potential competitors of the Fund and that may invest in similar industries and sectors as the Fund. TPG’s personnel can also co-invest alongside the Fund in other circumstances permitted by the Partnership Agreements, including as described in “Allocation of Co-Investment Opportunities.” Such personnel therefore have a conflict of interest with respect to their personal investment holdings. There could be situations in which such an investment vehicle invests in the same portfolio company as the Fund and there may be situations in which such an investment vehicle purchases securities or other assets from, or sells securities or other assets to, the Fund. The investment policies, fee arrangements and other circumstances of these investments may vary from those of the Fund. Such personnel may be incentivized to cause the Fund to act in a manner that benefits such other investment vehicles and indirectly, themselves as investors in such investment vehicles.
Activities and Compensation of TPG’s Operations/Business Building Professionals
TPG engages operations and business building professionals to assist its investment team in creating value in its portfolio. Some of these professionals are TPG employees and others are consultants. The activities and
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compensation of these individuals vary depending on whether they are Operations Group professionals, Field Operations professionals or Senior Advisors:
The TPG Operations team (sometimes referred to as the “Business Building Team”) generally comprises Operations Group professionals and Field Operations professionals.
TPG’s Operations Group professionals are TPG employees who provide industry-specific senior-level engagement with portfolio companies and also work directly with TPG’s deal professionals on new deal diligence. They typically receive cash compensation from TPG, and it is authorized to grant them performance allocations in its funds. As described below (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Fund Fees and Expenses—Fund Expenses—Specialized Operational Services”), TPG receives reimbursement from the Fund or portfolio companies for the compensation and related expenses associated with specialized operational services performed by members of its Operations Group, even though they are TPG employees.
TPG’s Field Operations professionals have deep, specialized operating experience. Some of these professionals are sector specialists who focus on a particular industry. They are typically embedded within portfolio companies and given responsibility for narrowly defined initiatives that are part of a broader value creation plan, such as lean manufacturing, construction management, property management, sourcing, supply chain management or new product introduction. They sometimes also act as interim members of management for portfolio companies. Field Operations professionals typically have tailored compensation arrangements specific to their engagement. They can receive compensation from us or a portfolio company, including equity grants from a portfolio company, depending on their individual arrangement and the services they provide. Most of TPG’s Field Operations professionals’ compensation is generally either paid or reimbursed by portfolio companies and the Fund as a specialized operational service expense, regardless of whether TPG engages them as employees or consultants. For more information about specialized operational services, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Fund Fees and Expenses—Fund Expenses—Specialized Operational Services.”
TPG’s Senior Advisors (referred to as “Senior Advisory Professionals” in the Partnership Agreements) include consultants who have established industry and/or regional expertise and are available to assist TPG with transaction sourcing, due diligence, valuation, structuring, consulting and similar matters and to serve on the boards of directors of portfolio companies. TPG also engages other similar consultants with, for example, more narrow expertise. Senior Advisors and such other consultants typically have tailored compensation arrangements specific to their engagement. They can receive compensation in multiple forms, depending on their individual arrangement and the services they provide, including cash compensation (including retainers and incentive payments) from TPG, a fund or a portfolio company, incentive-based allocations and/or compensation in TPG’s funds, profits interests in a portfolio company, equity or stock option grants from a portfolio company or other similar arrangements, and fees and performance allocations relating to a particular transaction. Compensation from portfolio companies to TPG’s Senior Advisors and other consultants generally do not offset the management fees payable by the Fund. For more information about Senior Advisors, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Activities of Senior Advisors.
TPG determines, in its discretion, whether to engage an operations professional as a TPG employee or as a consultant. Sometimes, an operations professional is initially engaged as a consultant and later transitions to employee status (or vice versa). TPG’s determination regarding whether to engage an operations professional as either a TPG employee or a consultant can give rise to conflicts of interest because, in general, except with respect to certain in-house, foreign office and specialized operational services, the compensation costs for TPG employees are borne by TPG, whereas compensation costs for consultants are permitted to be paid by TPG, a fund or a portfolio company, as described above. Where an operations professional is performing specialized operational services for the Fund or portfolio companies, the Partnership Agreements allow TPG to be reimbursed for the costs of those services, regardless of whether the professional providing the service is a TPG employee or consultant. For a
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description of these reimbursement provisions, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Fund Fees and Expenses—Fund Expenses—Specialized Operational Services.”
Activities of Senior Advisors
TPG maintains business relationships with certain advisors and consultants who TPG expects to assist or advise TPG with respect to transaction sourcing, due diligence, valuation, structuring, consulting or similar matters and to serve on the board of directors of, or in other similar capacities with respect to, one or more of the Fund’s portfolio companies; in some cases, these individuals are former TPG employees or otherwise have close business and personal relationships with TPG. TPG generally refers to these individuals as “Senior Advisors,” and the Partnership Agreements similarly refer to them as “Senior Advisory Professionals.” In addition, TPG also expects to utilize other similar consultants with, for example, more narrow expertise.
Senior Advisors are independent contractors. They are not TPG’s employees, even if most or all of their work is performed on TPG’s behalf or at its direction, they perform the same or similar activities as TPG’s employees, they have more access to and involvement in its business activities than other third-party consultants or they share other attributes with TPG employees, such as TPG-provided administrative support or TPG-related email addresses or business cards. Senior Advisors are generally not TPG’s affiliates for purposes of the Partnership Agreements and therefore are not subject to Partnership Agreement restrictions and conditions that relate specifically to TPG’s employees and affiliates. For example, TPG expects the Fund to make payments to Senior Advisors, and any fees portfolio companies pay to Senior Advisors (such as sourcing fees or directors’ fees) or profits interests or other compensation received by Senior Advisors from portfolio companies or their holding structures will not reduce the management fees payable by the Fund, even if such amounts would reduce the management fee if they were paid to TPG’s affiliates. Furthermore, in the event TPG hires a Senior Advisor as an employee or otherwise elect to treat such person as TPG’s affiliate, any profits interests or other compensation amounts payable by a portfolio company or the Fund to such Senior Advisor pursuant to an arrangement that was entered into prior to such Senior Advisor becoming TPG’s affiliate will not be considered Portfolio Fees and will not reduce the management fee. In some instances, Senior Advisors provide operational services to the Fund’s portfolio companies and portfolio companies of other TPG funds. Moreover, Senior Advisors will often make personal investments in portfolio companies alongside the Fund, and the Fund is not prohibited from investing in portfolio companies in which Senior Advisors hold existing material investments. Similarly, the Fund is permitted to co-invest in portfolio companies alongside funds that are managed by Senior Advisors or invest in portfolio companies in which such funds have an existing material investment. In the event that Senior Advisors co-invest alongside the Fund in any portfolio company, the Fund will likely bear up to all of the costs and expenses related to such co-investment by the Senior Advisors, including the costs and expenses related to the establishment and operation of any co-investment vehicle through which the Senior Advisors invest.
TPG believes that the expertise of Senior Advisors will benefit the Fund. Relying on Senior Advisors, however, creates conflicts of interest. For example, TPG typically determines the amount of compensation that will be paid to Senior Advisors, but as described under “Activities and Compensation of TPG’s Operations/Business Building Professionals,” portfolio companies or TPG funds, including the Fund, ultimately pay or reimburse TPG for such compensation and any other expenses related to Senior Advisors (including any out-of-pocket costs and expenses, such as travel expenses). The close business or personal relationships that some Senior Advisors have with TPG give it less incentive to negotiate with a prospective Senior Advisor for a lower level of compensation. The appropriate level of compensation for a Senior Advisor can be difficult to determine, especially if the expertise and services he or she provides are unique and/or tailored to the specific engagement. The compensation for these individuals is dependent on the specifics of any particular engagement and may include, among other things, cash compensation (including retainers and incentive payments) from TPG, the Fund and/or underlying investments, profits interests in an underlying investment, grants of equity in and/or the right to co-invest in an investment, and/or Performance Participation Allocations received by the General Partner. Even if most or all of their work is performed on behalf or at the direction of TPG, or if they have other characteristics of employees (e.g., office space at TPG and participation in firm meetings), these individuals are not employees or affiliates of TPG for purposes of the Partnership Agreements and are not subject to the restrictions or provisions in the Partnership Agreements that relate to employees or affiliates of TPG. Any determination to engage an individual as an advisor or consultant
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rather than an employee is made by TPG in its sole discretion. Given that the Management Company (or another TPG affiliate, but not the Fund) otherwise pays the salaries of TPG’s employees, except in circumstances where it is reimbursed, it has incentives to retain individuals as Senior Advisors instead of hiring them as employees, or to convert existing employees to Senior Advisors. Finally, conflicts of interest may arise in the event that a Senior Advisor serves as a director on the board of, or in any similar capacity with respect to, more than one portfolio company or on behalf of multiple TPG funds (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Service by TPG Professionals on Portfolio Company Boards of Directors”).
Activities and Compensation of Other Third Parties
In addition to Senior Advisors, TPG will retain other third parties, such as accountants, administrators, lenders, bankers, brokers, attorneys, sourcing persons, asset managers, property managers, contractors, developers, leasing agents, servicers, collateral managers, special servicers and other consultants, to provide services to the Fund, including certain strategic partners as described in “Strategic Business Partners.” These services may relate to sourcing, conducting due diligence on or developing potential investments, as well as structuring, managing, monitoring and disposing of or otherwise realizing investments. In many cases, these are the types of services that TPG employees could also provide or have in the past provided. Determining whether to engage a third party or a TPG employee gives rise to conflicts of interest because TPG generally bears, with the exception of certain in-house, foreign office and specialized operational services paid or reimbursed to the Management Company under the Partnership Agreements (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Fund Fees and Expenses—Fund Expenses—In-House Services,” “Fund Fees and Expenses—Fund Expenses—Specialized Operational Services” and “Fund Fees and Expenses—Fund Expenses—Foreign Office Services”), the compensation costs of, or other amounts payable to, TPG employees who render these services, while amounts paid to third parties are typically a Fund expense ultimately borne by all partners. TPG therefore has an incentive to retain third parties rather than hire additional TPG employees and to outsource to third-party service providers functions that TPG employees could perform or have previously performed. For a description of the expenses the Fund bears, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Fund Fees and Expenses—Fund Expenses” and “—Rates of Third-Party Advisors and Other Service Providers.” Such incentives likely exist even with respect to services where internal overhead and compensation are chargeable to the Fund. Moreover, the involvement of third-party providers may present a number of risks due to, among other factors, the General Partner’s reduced control over the functions that are outsourced. There can be no assurances that the General Partner will be able to identify, prevent or mitigate the risks of engaging third-party service providers. The Fund may suffer adverse consequences from actions, errors or failures to act by such third parties, and will have obligations, including indemnity obligations, and limited recourse against them.
Determining whether to engage a third party and the terms (including economic terms) of any such engagement will be determined by the General Partner in its discretion, taking into account such factors as it deems relevant under the circumstances. Certain third parties and/or their employees will dedicate substantially all of their business time to the Fund, other TPG funds and/or their respective portfolio companies, while others will have other clients. In certain cases, third parties and/or their employees may spend a significant amount of time at TPG offices, have dedicated office space at TPG, receive administrative support from TPG personnel or participate in meetings and events for TPG personnel, even though they are not TPG employees or affiliates. The General Partner will have an incentive to outsource services to third parties due to a number of factors, including because the fees, costs and expenses of such service providers will be borne by the Fund as Fund expenses (with no reduction or offset) and retaining third parties will reduce the General Partner’s internal overhead and compensation costs for employees who would otherwise perform such services in-house.
Outsourcing may not occur uniformly for all TPG funds and TPG affiliates and the expenses that may be borne by such vehicles and accounts vary. Accordingly, certain costs may be incurred by (or allocated to) the Fund through the use of third-party (or internal) service providers that are not incurred by (or allocated to) certain other TPG funds or TPG affiliates for similar services.
Rates of Third-Party Advisors and Other Service Providers
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As described above, the Fund and its portfolio companies will retain or pay for advisors and service providers, including accountants, administrators, lenders, bankers, brokers, attorneys, sourcing persons, asset managers, property managers, contractors, developers, leasing agents, servicers, collateral managers, special servicers and other consultants. Some of these advisors and service providers also provide services to or have other relationships with TPG. While TPG will generally seek to engage and recommend advisors and service providers on behalf of the Fund and its portfolio companies on the basis of the quality of the advice and other services provided, these relationships could influence its decision to select or recommend an advisor or service provider to perform services for the Fund or its portfolio companies (the cost of which will generally be borne directly or indirectly by the Fund or its portfolio companies, as applicable). In certain circumstances, advisors and other service providers charge rates or establish other terms for advice and services provided to TPG, TPG funds or any of their respective affiliates or portfolio companies that are different from and more favorable than those charged in respect of advice and services provided to the Fund and its portfolio companies. Moreover, whereas TPG typically negotiates on a matter-specific basis the rates or amounts payable for such services, the Fund and/or its portfolio companies are generally expected to pay higher rates or amounts than TPG itself otherwise would for such services.
In addition, TPG expects the Fund and its portfolio companies to participate in arrangements that involve payments, discounts, reimbursements or other benefits to TPG or its affiliates. For example, TPG currently affords certain portfolio companies the opportunity to participate in a program with TPG, its affiliates and other portfolio companies pursuant to which one of its affiliates negotiates favorable procurement arrangements. TPG and its affiliates, together with participating portfolio companies, receive the favorable procurement terms, which TPG is able to secure due in part to the involvement of its portfolio companies. This program is a specialized operational service provided to participating portfolio companies, and therefore its affiliates receive reimbursements from the Fund and its portfolio companies to cover the cost of administering the program through the method described in “Fund Fees and Expenses—Fund Expenses—Specialized Operational Services” and such reimbursements are not subject to management fee offsets or otherwise shared with the Fund. Because the cost of administering this program is shared among the participants, TPG will disproportionately benefit from it to the extent it utilizes a greater number of the favorable procurement arrangements to a greater degree than any of the participating portfolio companies.
Service by TPG Professionals on Portfolio Company Boards of Directors
TPG’s professionals frequently serve on the boards of directors or in other similar capacities of TPG’s portfolio companies, including those of the Fund, by virtue of the governance agreements TPG typically negotiates with portfolio companies in connection with an investment. While the interests of the Fund as a shareholder in a portfolio company generally align with the interests of shareholders more broadly, it is possible that TPG’s professionals’ fiduciary duties to the portfolio company and its shareholders as directors will conflict with the interests of the Fund. For example, it may be inconsistent with a director’s fiduciary duties to share information he/she receives regarding the relevant portfolio company with TPG personnel overseeing an investment in a different portfolio company even though that information would be beneficial to the other portfolio company and hence the Fund. Decisions made by a director or a person serving in a similar capacity could also subject TPG, its affiliates or the Fund to claims they would not otherwise be subject to as an investor in a portfolio company including claims of breach of duty of loyalty, securities claims and other related claims (and the Fund will generally indemnify the General Partner, the Management Company and their representatives from such claims). In addition, to the extent TPG’s professionals serve as directors or in other similar capacities on the boards of more than one portfolio company, such professionals’ fiduciary duties among the two portfolio companies may create a conflict of interest. Similarly, to the extent TPG’s professionals serve as directors or in other similar capacities on the boards of portfolio companies in which multiple TPG funds invest (including the Fund), such professionals may act in the interest of one (and not all) of such TPG funds and/or not necessarily in the interest of the Fund. Furthermore, TPG personnel serving as a director or in a similar capacity to a portfolio company owes a fiduciary duty to the portfolio company, on the one hand, and the applicable TPG fund, on the other hand, and such TPG personnel may be in a position where he or she must make a decision that is either not in the best interest of the Fund, or is not in the best interest of the portfolio company. See also “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Material Non-Public Information” below.
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Material Non-Public Information
From time to time, TPG and its personnel are expected to come into possession of MNPI concerning specific companies, including as a result of certain TPG personnel serving on the boards of directors or in other similar capacities of TPG’s portfolio companies (see “Item 1A. —Conflicts of Interest—Service by TPG Professionals on Portfolio Company Boards of Directors” above), through other officer or director positions of TPG personnel, and as a result of information TPG funds receive in connection with their investments in portfolio companies. As a consequence of TPG’s inability to use MNPI for investment purposes under applicable securities laws and/or TPG’s internal policies and procedures, such positions could impair the ability of the Fund to sell a portfolio company in the event a director, by virtue of his or her role, or another TPG fund, by virtue of its investment in a portfolio company, receives MNPI, which would have an adverse effect on the Fund. For example, the Fund may be restricted from buying or selling an investment which, if MNPI had not been known, otherwise may have been undertaken. TPG anticipates that in certain (but not all) situations it will be offered an option to elect not to receive MNPI and, to minimize the impact of restrictions the receipt of such information would impose on TPG, it anticipates that it will elect not to receive MNPI when such an option is available to TPG. However, due to these restrictions, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to liquidate or exit an opportunity in the same manner or on the same timing as would be the case if such restrictions did not apply. As a result of the foregoing, the Fund may be adversely affected because of TPG’s inability or unwillingness to participate in transactions that may violate such laws or regulations, or by remedies imposed by any regulators or governmental bodies. Any such laws or regulations may make it difficult or may prevent the Fund from pursuing investment opportunities, require the sale of part or all of certain portfolio companies on a timeline or in a manner deemed undesirable by TPG or may limit the ability of one or more portfolio companies from conducting their intended business in whole or in part. Consequently, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to participate in all potential investment opportunities that fall within its investment objectives.
Allocation of TPG’s Professionals’ Time and Attention
The success of the Fund will depend on TPG’s investment professionals’ ability to, among other things, source, underwrite, structure, complete, finance and manage investments, improve the operations, governance and performance of the companies and assets TPG acquires and exit investments at the appropriate time and at attractive valuations. To achieve those ends, TPG’s investment professionals will devote such time and resources to the Fund’s activities as it determines to be appropriate. TPG’s professionals, however, also spend time assisting other TPG funds and TPG itself with their investment activities or working on other projects, and on matters related to TPG as a firm, including service on firm committees and boards and as executive officers. For example, certain Fund professionals expect to devote significant time to the funds of other TPG platforms, including, but not limited to, TPG Capital, TPG Growth and TPG GP Solutions and funds of any of the foregoing and will therefore have less time to dedicate to the Fund. Conflicts will therefore arise among the Fund and other TPG funds and TPG with respect to the allocation of investment professional time and resources.
Customized Terms Provided to Certain Investors
Investors increasingly expect to make investments in private investment funds on customized terms. TPG may accommodate these expectations by entering into separate written agreements with investors in TPG funds. These written agreements typically relate solely to an investor’s interest in a TPG fund (i.e., it does not relate to any other TPG fund) and allows the investor to make its investment in the applicable TPG fund on terms that are different from, and usually more favorable than, those set forth in the governing documents of such TPG fund. Notwithstanding any provision of the applicable governing documents or the subscription agreement, matters arising under any such written agreement are considered matters contemplated by the applicable governing documents and the exculpation and indemnification provisions set forth in such governing documents apply equally to any such written agreement. Limited Partners could request and may potentially receive customized and/or preferential terms. TPG also reserves the right to provide customization by forming separate accounts for certain investors, including some that also are Limited Partners, that would invest alongside the Fund on terms that differ from those in the Partnership Agreements. TPG will consider many factors in deciding whether to accord an investor customized
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terms via such written agreements, and it has economic and other commercial incentives to provide certain terms to certain investors. In practice, TPG may grant preferential treatment to the following types of investors:
Investors that have made or propose to make relatively large investments in TPG funds or that are anticipated to be important to future TPG fundraising campaigns;
Investors that have invested at an initial closing or during an early closing period;
Investors that are strategic partners with respect to a TPG fund’s investment mandate;
Investors that have a broader strategic relationship with TPG;
Investors that are subject to specific legal, tax or regulatory requirements or policies applicable to them; and
other investors meeting other criteria TPG considers reasonable in its discretion.
In general, an investor in a TPG fund does not have any rights under the written agreements of other investors in such TPG fund, and, as a general matter, no investor will have recourse against the applicable TPG fund, TPG, the TPG fund’s management company, the TPG fund’s general partner or any of their affiliates in the event that other investors have received additional and/or different rights and/or terms in such written agreements.
Diversity of Partners
TPG expects the Fund’s Limited Partners to be a diverse group of investors who have different investment programs and are subject to different legal, tax and regulatory regimes. For example, the Limited Partners are expected to include taxable and tax-exempt entities that are organized in various jurisdictions. The nature and diversification of the Fund’s investments, as well as the manner in which it makes, structures, holds and exits them, will therefore lead to a more favorable legal, tax or regulatory outcome for some (but not all) Partners (including the General Partner and its affiliates). In selecting investments appropriate for the Fund, TPG generally considers the investment objectives of the Fund as a whole, not the investment, tax or other objectives of any Limited Partner individually. To the extent TPG is able to structure certain investments based in part on the legal, tax and regulatory constraints of Limited Partners, TPG will not take into account such interests as they relate to each individual Limited Partner except where required.
Each Limited Partner may be required to participate in one or more investments through structures that may be more favorable to some (but not all) Partners (including the General Partner and its affiliates) from a legal, tax, business, accounting regulatory, currency or structuring perspective and generally bear such Limited Partner’s share of the costs associated with such structures even if such Limited Partner does not receive any legal, tax, regulatory or other benefits from such structures (as compared to the treatment to which such Limited Partners would otherwise be subject were they to participate in the relevant investments through the Partnerships). As such, each Limited Partner could be required to bear the costs of structures that solely benefit one or more other Partners (including the General Partner and its affiliates).
In addition, Limited Partners of the Fund and limited partners of other TPG funds typically engage in a broad range of activities in addition to their investment in the Fund. Some investors may enter into various transactions relating to the Fund or its portfolio companies, such as co-investments alongside the Fund (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Allocation of Co-Investment Opportunities”), financing transactions for the Fund or its portfolio companies and the acquisition of portfolio company interests from the Fund. Further, Limited Partners associated with corporate enterprises could enter into strategic partnerships or other similar arrangements with TPG, the Fund and/or the Fund’s portfolio companies, which may involve, for example, designation as a preferred provider of goods or services to any of the foregoing. So long as an investor is not otherwise TPG’s affiliate, these types of transactions generally do not require the approval of the Independent Directors. In connection with their activities, Limited Partners of the Fund in some cases may also have additional access to the
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management of, or enhanced information rights regarding, the Fund’s portfolio companies or the ability to serve on or observe a portfolio company’s board of directors. The Partnership Agreements do not prohibit the Fund from selling a portfolio company to a Limited Partner or to an investor in another TPG fund.
TPG has entered, and expects in the future to enter, into contractual arrangements established pursuant to broader strategic relationships between selected investors, including prospective Limited Partners, and TPG. Each such contractual arrangement is highly customized to reflect the specific broader strategic relationship between TPG and the particular investor and such rights have included, and are permitted to include:
formation of dedicated vehicles;
significant historical, pending and/or future commitments to, or other participation in, TPG funds or other Firm entities;
the right to co-investment opportunities and related economic terms, targets and remedies;
discounted management fee, incentive-based allocations and/or compensation and/or other economic arrangements;
holding direct or indirect equity and/or debt interests in, and/or participation in incentive-based allocations and/or compensation and/or management fees of, TPG-related vehicles, including the General Partner, the Management Company and/or other subsidiaries of TPG Operating Group that are entitled to receive the Performance Participation Allocations and payment of the Management Fees from the Fund and associated rights (e.g., tag-along rights in certain sale transactions);
rights of first offer on other strategic relationships; and/or
knowledge sharing, training and/or secondment arrangements.
A broader strategic relationship often involves an investor’s capital commitments or investments to multiple TPG funds, one of which may be the Fund. Limited Partners are not contractually entitled to disclosure or the rights and benefits of any contractual arrangement TPG establishs with an investor pursuant to a broader strategic relationship. Specific examples of such additional rights and benefits include, among others, specialized reporting, meetings with TPG personnel, discounts on and/or reimbursement of, or sharing in, management fees or incentive-based allocations and/or compensation, clawbacks, minimum amounts for co-investments alongside TPG funds and rights of first offer on similar strategic arrangements in the future. TPG has complete discretion to determine the investors with which TPG will build broader strategic relationships, and it expects to develop broader strategic relationships with investors with certain attributes even though TPG does not seek to establish them with other investors that have the same or similar attributes.
TPG Information
In connection with their services to the Fund and its investments, TPG, its affiliates and personnel expect to receive the benefit of certain tangible and intangible benefits. For example, in the course of TPG’s operations, including research, due diligence, investment monitoring, operational improvements and investment activities, TPG and its personnel expect to receive and benefit from information, “know-how,” experience, analysis and data relating to the Fund, or portfolio company (as applicable) operations, terms, trends, market demands, customers, vendors and other metrics (collectively, “TPG Information”). In many cases, TPG Information will include tools, procedures and resources developed by TPG to organize or systematize TPG Information for ongoing or future use. Although TPG expects the Fund and its portfolio companies generally to benefit from TPG’s possession of TPG Information, it is possible that any benefits will be experienced solely by other or future TPG funds or portfolio companies (or by TPG and its personnel) and not by the Fund or portfolio company from which TPG Information was originally received.
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TPG Information will be the sole intellectual property of TPG and solely for the use of TPG. TPG reserves the right to use, share, license, sell or monetize TPG Information, without offset to management fees, and none of the Fund or its portfolio companies will receive any financial or other benefit of such use, sharing, licensure, sale or monetization.
Platform Companies
The Fund, either alone or co-investing alongside other TPG funds, has the ability to establish or invest in portfolio companies that, in turn, seek to acquire interests in related companies or assets or engage in specific business activities. TPG often structures these portfolio companies, which it refers to as “platform companies,” as operating joint ventures, holding companies, partnerships, structured finance vehicles, incubators, start-ups and other platform companies or other similar arrangements. A “platform company” may consist of a single entity or a group of entities and TPG has significant discretion in determining what constitutes a “platform company.” In the case where the Fund co-invests alongside another TPG fund, the potential for conflicts of interest may exist. In certain cases, TPG funds these companies up front and in other cases TPG funds them gradually over time. In the event the Fund made such an investment, TPG generally would expect the Fund to monetize its interest in a platform company through a sale or public offering of the platform company (or the Fund’s stake in the company) or through sales of the platform company’s underlying assets.
While the Fund would, by virtue of the control it exercises over a platform company, typically be involved in the strategy, governance and oversight of any platform company (and TPG in certain circumstances provides services, such as legal or capital markets advice, TPG typically renders to other portfolio companies), a platform company would also typically retain its own qualified management team, either internally or externally, to operate, administer and manage the company on a daily basis, including by sourcing the underlying assets. Such a management team would provide services that are similar to, and that overlap with, services TPG provides to the Fund and other TPG funds. The structure of each platform and the engagement of personnel will vary, including whether a management team’s services are exclusive to the platform and whether the members of the management team are employed directly by the platform or indirectly through a separate management company established to manage such platform. Platform structures may change during the investments’ hold period, for instance, in connection with restructurings or dispositions. Members of the management team may be Senior Advisors or Field Operations professionals, and are permitted to render services exclusively to the platform company or provide the same or similar services to unaffiliated third parties or to the Fund, other TPG funds or other portfolio companies, including similar platform companies of predecessor and successor funds (and receive a fee, profits interest or other compensation in connection with such services), without triggering a requirement for Independent Director disclosure, review, or consent related to a transaction with affiliates. These individuals are not considered to be affiliated with TPG for purposes of the Partnership Agreements solely as a result of their role as a member of a portfolio company’s management team.
Platform companies compensate their management teams in a number of ways, including through annual salaries and bonuses, incentive-based allocations and compensation (such as profits interests, carried interest, equity, options and warrants), fees for services or a combination of the foregoing. In any case, the Fund would generally bear the cost of such compensation, as well as all other platform company expenses, including start-up, operating, investment sourcing and diligence and overhead expenses, through its direct or indirect interest in the platform company. Members of a platform company management team may receive separate compensation for services rendered to unaffiliated third parties or to the Fund, other TPG funds or other portfolio companies. In addition, a platform company or its management team may receive a fee or other compensation for forwarding to unaffiliated third parties or other TPG funds or their portfolio companies any investment opportunity that TPG reasonably believes is not suitable for the Fund or such platform company (e.g., because the investment does not have a risk or return profile compatible with the Fund’s investment objectives). Any compensation the management team receives, regardless of whether the Fund, other TPG fund portfolio company or unaffiliated third party pays, would be in addition to, and would not offset, the management fee payable by the Limited Partners. Similarly, such compensation would not trigger the Independent Director disclosure, review or approval provisions of the Partnership Agreements applicable to transactions with affiliates.
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A platform company’s structure and relationship to TPG has the potential to create conflicts of interest. For example, although TPG (by virtue of its control of the Fund) would form the platform company and in doing so often determine or significantly influence the form and amount of compensation paid to a platform company’s management team, the platform company (and ultimately the Fund) bears the attendant expense. The compensation of management of a platform investment may include interests in the profits of the platform investment, including profits realized in connection with the disposition of an asset. As with Senior Advisors, the close business or personal relationships that TPG has with certain members of management give it less incentive to limit their compensation. In addition, given that the Management Company (and not the Fund) otherwise pays the salaries of TPG’s employees, TPG has the incentive to cause a platform company to retain its own management team instead of relying on TPG employees to provide managerial services, or to convert existing TPG employees into members of a platform company’s management team.
Strategic Business Partners
TPG has also formed and expect to continue to form relationships with third-party strategic partners so that the Fund and other TPG funds can take advantage of their expertise, often in particular industries, sectors and/or geographies. These strategic partners often have close business relationships with TPG and provide services that are similar to, and that may overlap with, services TPG provides to the Fund and other TPG funds, including sourcing, conducting due diligence on or developing potential investments, as well as structuring, managing, monitoring and disposing of or otherwise realizing investments.
TPG determines the compensation of its strategic partners on a case-by-case basis, and this compensation can take the form of:
cash payments from TPG, the Fund or a portfolio company;
grants of Performance Participation Allocation generated by the Fund;
participation in incentive-based allocations and/or compensation and/or management fees of TPG-related vehicles, including the General Partner, the Management Company and/or other subsidiaries of TPG Operating Group that are entitled to receive the Performance Participation Allocations and payment of the Management Fees from the Fund;
stock option or equity grants in a portfolio company;
profits interests in a portfolio company or holding vehicles beneath the Fund; and/or
other similar payments from TPG, the Fund or a portfolio company.
This creates a conflict of interest because TPG has an incentive to structure compensation under strategic business partnerships so that the Fund (and hence all partners) bears the costs (directly or indirectly) instead of TPG. In addition, as with Senior Advisors, TPG’s close business relationship with a strategic partner gives it less incentive to negotiate with that strategic partner for a lower level of compensation.
TPG also may offer strategic partners the opportunity to co-invest alongside the Fund, in some cases regardless of whether such partner played a significant role in sourcing or managing the specific investment (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Allocation of Co-Investment Opportunities”).
Interactions with Other Portfolio Companies
Portfolio companies of TPG funds or the Fund’s portfolio companies, including platform companies, are not TPG’s affiliates for purposes of the Partnership Agreements. As a result, the Partnership Agreement provisions that relate specifically to TPG’s affiliates do not apply to TPG portfolio companies, platform companies or their management teams or employees, even if TPG has a significant economic interest in a portfolio company and/or
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ultimately control it through TPG’s control of the relevant fund. For example, in the event that the Fund or one of its portfolio companies purchases products or services from, or otherwise enters into a transaction with, a portfolio company of another TPG fund, such transaction generally would not trigger disclosure to the Independent Directors, review or consent provisions of the Partnership Agreements applicable to transactions with affiliates. Also, if another TPG fund establishes a platform company, investment opportunities that the platform company management sources for the platform company are not required to be offered to the Fund. See also “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Allocation of Investment Opportunities Among TPG Funds.”
Given the collaborative nature of TPG’s business and portfolio companies, TPG, from time to time, recommend the services of a portfolio company to other portfolio companies. In the alternative, it may form a joint venture (or other business relationship) with a portfolio company pursuant to which the joint venture or business provides services to other portfolio companies that are recommended to the joint venture or business by TPG. TPG has a conflict of interest in making this recommendation, in that it has an incentive to maintain goodwill between TPG and its existing and prospective portfolio companies, while it is possible that the products or services recommended are not necessarily the best available or the most favorably priced. Additionally, this recommendation may result in TPG receiving financial benefits, such as cash payments, equity ownership, participation in revenue share and/or milestones that are tied or related to participation by portfolio companies in the recommended services. The Fund and the Limited Partners typically will not share in any fees, economics, equity or other benefits accruing to TPG from this recommendation. See also “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Rates of Third-Party Advisors and Other Service Providers.
In addition, portfolio companies of TPG funds make discounts and other benefits available to TPG personnel in connection with such entities’ products or services. Sometimes these discounts or benefits are extended to TPG personnel in only certain roles, such as board members of the portfolio companies. Such benefits or discounts are not considered compensation to TPG personnel, are not considered Portfolio Fees and do not offset the Management Fee payable by the Fund.
Current and former officers, executives and personnel of portfolio companies also invest in other TPG funds and are expected to invest in the Fund. While TPG believes this aligns portfolio company management teams with the best interests of the Fund, TPG may, in certain circumstances, be incentivized to take (or refrain from taking) certain actions with respect to a portfolio company in order to maintain the goodwill with such portfolio company management team investor.
Interests of TPG’s Professionals in the Fund, Other TPG Funds and Other Entities
TPG’s professionals generally participate indirectly in investments made by the Fund and/or other TPG funds. While TPG believes this helps align the interests of TPG’s professionals with those of the funds’ other investors and provides a strong incentive to enhance fund performance, these arrangements also give rise to conflicts of interest. For example, TPG’s professionals have an incentive to influence the allocation of an attractive investment opportunity to the fund in which they stand to personally earn the greatest return, although the involvement of a substantial number of professionals in TPG’s investment review process mitigates the ability of any single person to control an investment decision. Some of TPG’s professionals also have personal investments in entities that are not affiliated with TPG, such as investment funds managed by other sponsors that compete for the same investment opportunities or acquire an investment from, or dispose of an investment to, a TPG fund, which likewise gives rise to conflicts of interest. In addition, the Fund may offer one or more Classes of Units to business associates and other “friends of the firm” of TPG in its sole discretion, which Units may not be subject to or charged (or may be subject to or charged at reduced rates) the Management Fee and/or Performance Participation Allocation.
Participation of TPG Capital BD and Related Entities in Capital Markets Activity
TPG leverages its internal expertise and infrastructure in structuring and executing a wide array of capital markets transactions across TPG, including those involving the Fund and existing, prospective and former portfolio companies (including their respective affiliates and related entities such as holding companies, subsidiaries and
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continuation vehicles, and other parties to the relevant transaction). Examples of the ways in which TPG deploys its capital markets expertise include:
structuring and arranging merger and acquisitions transactions and providing other related transaction advisory services;
structuring, executing and underwriting initial public offerings, follow-on primary offerings and secondary offerings (including “block trades”) and private placements of equity, debt and other securities, including TPG funds and other private funds and secondary securities offerings by the Fund;
structuring, sourcing, trading, executing, syndicating, underwriting and repurchasing high yield and other bonds, preferred securities, hybrid instruments, notes, loans, mortgages, sale leasebacks, receivables, asset-backed securities, other credit instruments and other offerings;
originating, structuring, arranging, syndicating, placing, providing and repurchasing loans, credit facilities, asset-based facilities, securitizations, acquisition financings, bridge financings, hedging and similar instruments and financial services (including in respect of portions of the capital structures of issuers in which the Fund does not invest), including where such instruments and financial services are in respect of, or subsequently acquired by, the Fund or other TPG funds;
structuring and arranging amendments to existing securities, credit facilities and other instruments;
advising, negotiating, structuring and executing liability management transactions;
structuring and implementing interest rate, foreign exchange and other hedging or derivative strategies;
structuring and executing other similar transactions to finance the Fund’s acquisition of a portfolio company or to enable the Fund to monetize all or a portion of its interest in a portfolio company, including through the syndication of a continuation vehicle or an investment, recapitalization, refinancing, restructuring or other similar transactions;
structuring and executing financing, interim financing and certain “fronting” and “seasoning” transactions and syndications in respect of, or otherwise making investments that are intended to be of a temporary nature in, any portfolio company in which the Fund invests or intends to invest;
providing other loan servicing, collateral agent, administrative agent and other similar services;
structuring, executing, syndicating and placing interests held by the Fund in a portfolio company to one or more other TPG funds (and vice versa);
providing strategic and capital markets advice with respect to any of the foregoing transactions (including in connection with mergers and acquisitions, recapitalizations, refinancings and restructurings); and
providing any other capital markets or other services that a third party may render to or with respect to the Fund or an existing, prospective or former portfolio company and/or their affiliates or related entities.
TPG expects the types of capital markets services it provides to evolve and expand in light of market developments and industry trends.
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TPG’s registered broker-dealer, TPG Capital BD, LLC (“TPG Capital BD”), and related entities (including TPG Capital, Limited) typically receive compensation for the services TPG provides in connection with these capital markets and other activities, including but not limited to those listed above. The compensation may take a variety of forms, including, for instance:
a portion of the commission or discount paid to the investment banks that underwrite a securities offering;
a fee or other compensation for arranging the syndication or placement or origination of debt financing for the Fund and/or one or more other TPG funds or other co-investors (including transactions where TPG and/or the Fund originates and participates out a funded and/or unfunded portion of a loan to a co-investor); or
a fee for facilitating the efficient execution by the Fund of a “block trade” or other secondary sale to monetize the Fund’s direct or indirect interest in a pre-IPO or publicly traded portfolio company.
Depending on the nature of the transaction, the Fund, one or more holding entities, the portfolio company, continuation vehicles, co-invest vehicles or other parties to the transaction will pay the fee to TPG Capital BD or a related entity. Where legal and regulatory circumstances permit, including outside the United States, other TPG affiliates may perform such capital markets services and receive compensation for the provision of such services.
TPG may in the future acquire an interest in or establish other businesses and service providers that will also be entitled to fees from the Fund and portfolio companies in which the Fund invests and/or to other parties participating in transactions with the Fund; such fees will also not be taken into account in calculating any reduction in the management fees payable to the Management Company by the Fund.
TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) expects to also receive transaction fees, and other upfront consideration or other similar fees from borrowers or other persons in connection with investments made by the Fund or, if applicable, from other holders of the investment or in connection with the syndication of part of an investment. Such fees and consideration in connection with an investment comes in various forms, including documentation fees, structuring fees, closing fees, underwriting fees, arrangement fees, loan origination fees, collateral fees, directors fees, consulting fees, advisory fees, management fees, monitoring fees, agency fees or original issue discount built into the price of the investment.
TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) expects to participate in the origination, arranging, execution, underwriting or structuring of debt financing for the Fund or Fund-related entities, in which case it would receive loan origination fees, arranging fees, structuring fees, underwriting fees, agency fees and/or similar fees or original issue discount for such services. Where such financing is obtained through a debt (or debt and equity) security issuance by any special purpose vehicle or other entity established to facilitate such financing by the Fund, TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) could receive fees in connection with the placement or syndication of such securities. In connection with selling portfolio companies by way of a public offering of such investments, TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) could act as the managing underwriter or a member of the underwriting syndicate in respect of such offering on a firm commitment basis. TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) could also, on behalf of the Fund, effect transactions, including transactions in the secondary markets where TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) is also acting as a broker or other advisor on the other side of the same transaction (such transactions are generally known as “agency cross transactions”).
TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) expects to also provide loan services to the Fund and/or other TPG funds that invest in loan participations or to portfolio companies in which they invest or to lending syndicates in which they participate and will generally be entitled to servicing fees and expense reimbursements for such activities. Such services are expected to include loan sourcing, loan due diligence and general servicing or administration services relating to loan portfolios.
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The syndication services of TPG Capital BD or a related entity are expected to include, among other things, identifying potential third-party investors (including potential co-investors, syndicate participants and/or financing counterparties), assisting in structuring the transaction so that it will be more marketable to third-party investors and/or financing counterparties, preparing marketing materials, performing outreach, executing on a syndication and sell-down strategy, arranging financing and providing post-closing support to TPG funds. These services could be required (and TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) will be compensated for providing them) even in situations where ultimately there is no allocation, syndication, sell-down to third-party investors or financing (for example, when it is unclear at the outset of negotiating a transaction whether TPG funds have sufficient internal capacity (or demand) to provide the full amount of the financing sought by the counterparty).
In connection with providing services to TPG funds, including the Fund, and/or in respect of their potential, former or existing portfolio companies and portfolio investments, TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) will receive fees, other compensation or reimbursements for costs or expenses. Any such fees, compensation or reimbursements TPG receives (through TPG Capital BD or a related entity) directly or indirectly for providing the services described above (whether in cash, warrants or other securities or instruments, or in the form of discounts or rebates or otherwise) will not, in accordance with the Partnership Agreements, be shared with the Fund or offset the management fee or any other compensation payable to TPG or require the approval of the Independent Directors or any independent third party. The compensation described above will be retained by, and for the benefit of, TPG Capital BD or such other TPG-affiliated service provider. Accordingly, neither the Fund nor any investors will receive any benefit from such fees, other compensation or reimbursements. For the avoidance of doubt, the foregoing will apply in the event such services are provided by TPG affiliates that are not specifically identified herein, that are established by TPG in the future or in which TPG subsequently acquires an interest.
While TPG believes that its internal capital markets capabilities help maximize value for TPG’s funds, its ability to utilize TPG Capital BD or a related entity in connection with the foregoing transactions gives rise to conflicts of interest. In general, TPG has an incentive to retain, or to exercise its control or influence over the Fund or a portfolio company’s management team or other participant so that it retains TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) or otherwise transacts with TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) instead of other unaffiliated broker-dealers or counterparties. For instance, TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) could take the place of another investment bank in the syndicate underwriting a securities offering or debt placement or act as the sole or lead financial institution on a transaction instead of a third-party bank (including banks that were previously retained by predecessor funds and other TPG funds for similar transactions). When involved in a particular transaction, TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) has the incentive to seek higher fees or other favorable terms from the Fund, the portfolio company or other counterparties, as well as to structure a transaction so that it benefits certain Limited Partners or other third parties that are of strategic importance. For example, TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) could influence the placement of portfolio company securities or debt instruments so that investors who are sizeable limited partners in multiple TPG funds or who pay TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) a placement fee receive an allocation ahead of others. TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) could likewise place such securities or instruments with another TPG fund or vehicle (and receive compensation for such placement), which would give rise to similar and additional conflicts. Similarly, TPG could place with the Fund (and receive compensation for such placement) securities or instruments related to a portfolio company of one or more other TPG funds. To the extent that TPG’s capital markets personnel face competing demands for their time and attention, it has an incentive to devote its limited capital markets resources to portfolio companies and transactions that would generate the highest fee for TPG Capital BD (or related entities) or otherwise benefit TPG. TPG employees who provide capital markets services are under no obligation to prioritize the interests of the Fund or its Limited Partners in determining how to allocate their time across various projects within TPG. In certain circumstances, where TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) is participating in underwriting and financing transactions, it could be doing so as lead or sole arranger or lead or sole underwriter, in which case it will be responsible for negotiating and establishing the relevant fees and other payments charged to the Fund and/or the Fund’s portfolio companies. In connection with any transaction involving the Fund where TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) is receiving the compensation described above, TPG will receive higher total compensation than it would in a compensation structure that does not contain deal-related compensation or for which such compensation would be offset. As a result, a conflict of interest exists because TPG has a financial incentive to originate investments besides the incentives associated with a management fee and performance compensation. The fee potential inherent in a particular investment or transaction could be
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viewed as an incentive for TPG to seek to refer, allocate or recommend an investment or transaction to the Fund. In addition, the Fund could be prevented from participating in an investment as a result of TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) participating in such underwriting or financing transactions. Furthermore, TPG may be incentivized to allocate investments to TPG funds in which such fees do not offset the management fee payable in such TPG fund. Where TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) serves as underwriter with respect to an issuer’s securities, the Fund could be subject to a “lock-up” period following the offering under applicable regulations or agreements during which time its ability to sell any securities that it continues to hold is restricted. This would prejudice the Fund’s ability to dispose of such securities at an opportune time.
In addition, other actual or potential conflicts of interest in connection with the foregoing transactions include:
whether the TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) engagement, including amount of fees or other economics to be paid or received, is on terms that are not materially less favorable than terms that could be obtained from a third party with commensurate skill, expertise or experience (to the extent applicable);
the portfolio company viewing the total amount of fees and interest paid for or in connection with the financing (or similar instrument) as one overall category of remuneration, and therefore not seeking to negotiate the quantum of fees to be paid to TPG Capital BD (or a related entity), which could result in reduced fees or other compensation and/or less attractive investment terms for the Fund;
an incentive to pursue investment opportunities with greater fee opportunities for TPG Capital BD (or a related entity), whether as a percentage of the investment size or absolute dollar amount, which could adversely impact the sourcing, diligence and approval process by TPG for the Fund; or
the under- or over-commitment of certain TPG funds, and/or the inclusion or exclusion (in whole or in part) of certain TPG funds from such investment opportunity, as a means to ensure the payment of such revenue.
In addition, TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) could, as a consequence of its activities, as a result of facilitating the repurchase of instruments or securities or in the course of trading for its own account, hold positions in instruments and securities issued by the Fund’s portfolio companies, enter into obligations to acquire such instruments or securities, and engage in transactions that could be appropriate investments for the Fund.
Moreover, circumstances could arise where following the Fund’s investment in a portfolio company, such issuer becomes distressed and the participants in the relevant offering have a valid claim against the underwriters of the relevant offering. Such underwriters could include TPG Capital BD or a related entity, in which case, the Fund would have a conflict in determining whether to sue such underwriters. Where such underwriters include non-affiliated broker-dealers, the Fund will also have a conflict in determining whether to bring a claim because of concerns regarding the relationships of TPG with such non-affiliated broker-dealers, which could relate to and otherwise benefit other TPG fund and/or TPG and its proprietary entities and not the Fund.
While not expected to materially adversely impact the Fund in a direct manner, the involvement of TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) in an investment opportunity could give rise to various actual or apparent conflicts for other TPG funds, including (i) causing a lending-related investment opportunity to be treated as an affiliate loan origination (from a tax perspective) and thereby restricting the ability of certain types of TPG funds to participate, (ii) seeking to avoid allocation of these investment opportunities to TPG funds where investor consents and/or management fee offsets are required and (iii) potential screening bias against potential investment opportunities that do not include TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) fee component.
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TPG Capital BD acts as placement agent in respect of investment funds that are sponsored and managed by third-party investment managers, including funds that may compete with the Fund or other TPG funds. In providing such services to, or with respect to, a competitor fund or company, TPG Capital BD will not take into consideration the interests of the relevant portfolio companies or the TPG funds.
TPG generally will evaluate any such transactions on a case-by-case basis to address any such conflicts. Transactions involving the Fund and TPG Capital BD are also reviewed with regard to the appropriateness of the transaction and any fiduciary obligations.
Global Distribution
The dealer manager for the Fund is TPG Capital BD (the “Dealer Manager”), an affiliate of the General Partner. Any material adverse change to the ability of TPG Capital BD to build and maintain a network of licensed securities broker-dealers and other agents could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business and the offering. If TPG Capital BD is unable to build and maintain a sufficient network of participating broker-dealers to distribute Units in the offering, the Fund’s ability to raise proceeds through the offering and implement the Fund’s investment objective and strategy may be adversely affected. In addition, TPG Capital BD will in the future serve as Dealer Manager for other issuers. As a result, TPG Capital BD will experience conflicts of interest in allocating its time between the offering and such other issuers, which could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to raise proceeds through the offering and implement the Fund’s investment objective and strategy. Further, the participating broker-dealers retained by TPG Capital BD may have numerous competing investment products, some with similar or identical strategies and areas of focus as the Fund, which they may elect to emphasize to their retail clients.
TPG personnel involved in the marketing and placement of the Units are acting for TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) or other distribution agents and not acting as investment, tax, financial, legal or accounting advisors to potential Limited Partners in connection with the offering of the Units. Potential Limited Partners must independently evaluate the offering and make their own investment decisions.
TPG could offer, on an agency basis for third parties, including, without limitation, unaffiliated fund sponsors in which TPG has a minority ownership interest, interests in other pooled investment vehicles that have as their primary investment objective investments that are substantially similar to the types of investments to be made by the Fund and, in connection with any such offering, will receive customary compensation, including an interest in such vehicles. Placement agents or other financial intermediaries could also receive other compensation, including placement fees with respect to the acquisition of Units by Limited Partners. Such agents or intermediaries will have an incentive in promoting the acquisition of Units in preference to products with respect to which they receive a smaller fee. Prospective Limited Partners should take the existence of such fees and other compensation into account in evaluating a purchase of the Fund’s Units.
Financings by TPG
Subject to the express provisions of the Partnership Agreements, TPG or one of its affiliates is permitted to act as lender to the Fund, including to enable the Fund to make investments.
If TPG or its affiliate participates as a lender in borrowings by the Fund or any subsidiary (including an investment entity), TPG’s interests may conflict with the interests of the Fund or the applicable investments. In this situation, the Fund’s assets may be pledged to such TPG entity as security for the loan. In its capacity as a lender, the relevant TPG entity may act in its own interest, without regard for the interests of the Fund, the investments or the Limited Partners, which may materially and adversely affect the Fund, any subsidiary or investment entity and, in certain circumstances, such as an event of default, ultimately may result in realization of the Fund’s or an investment’s assets and a loss of the entire investment of the Limited Partners. In addition, if the General Partner or any of its affiliates is a party to a transaction or an agreement with the Fund or an investment to provide services or financing to the Fund or such investment or is a lender to the Fund or any of its investments, the General Partner will have the sole right to, through or on behalf of the Fund, either (i) take any action to implement the agreement, enforce any provisions thereof or any rights of the Fund thereunder, terminate the agreement pursuant to any right of
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termination provided in such agreement, give required notices or give or make any approval, consent, decision or waiver under such agreement or (ii) nominate a third party to approve any action or inaction to be taken with respect to any such related party transaction or agreement.
Strategic Transactions
TPG is a broad-based alternative investment platform that may engage in strategic transactions, including the investment in, acquisition of or combination with, other investment platforms for any reason, including those that currently or may in the future sponsor, manage or advise funds, vehicles or accounts with investment mandates that are the same as, or similar to, the Fund’s. Nothing in the Partnership Agreements prohibits or restricts such strategic transactions. For example, TPG is authorized to make investments for its own account to further grow and expand its business and/or engage in other strategic acquisitions or transactions. TPG may also acquire and hold other assets used in the development of its business, including seed capital for the purpose of developing, evaluating and testing potential investment strategies, products or new strategies. TPG may also make other opportunistic investments and utilize investment strategies that mirror, or are similar to, in whole or in part, investment strategies implemented by TPG on behalf of other TPG funds, including the Fund. Investments by TPG may be made in lieu of or alongside TPG funds (including the Fund), notwithstanding any restrictions on affiliated co-investing, and TPG is subject to conflicts of interest in determining that an investment opportunity is appropriate for TPG and/or its affiliates in priority to the Fund. In determining whether to pursue or engage in any strategic transaction, TPG is entitled to consider only the interests and factors that it desires, including its own interests. Nothing prohibits, restricts or otherwise limits TPG in any way from pursuing or engaging in any strategic transaction or operating any such investment platform following any such acquisition or combination, including continuing or expanding the business and operations of such investment platform or any fund, vehicle or account sponsored, managed or advised thereby. Such strategic transactions and the continued operations of any such investment platform may result in the re-allocation of the time and attention of TPG personnel (either on a temporary or permanent basis), including to the detriment of the Fund, or the allocation of investment, sale or other exit opportunities or liquidity options which otherwise would be allocated to or benefit the Fund to instead be allocated to or benefit any such funds, vehicles or accounts and will otherwise give rise to the same conflicts of interest that may arise among the Fund and any other TPG fund as described herein. Investors acknowledge and agree that, to the maximum extent not prohibited by applicable law (including the Advisers Act and the Exchange Act), neither TPG nor any of its affiliates will have any obligation to give any consideration to any interest of or factor affecting the Fund in connection with any such transaction (e.g., whether the Fund would otherwise be interested in pursuing such transaction or whether such transaction involves funds, vehicles or accounts with investment mandates that are the same as, or similar to, the Fund’s investment mandate). For the avoidance of doubt, nothing herein constitutes a waiver of any of TPG or its affiliates’ non-waivable duties under applicable law.
In the event that TPG, its affiliates or any others engage in any such transaction or otherwise engage in any actions or any other event occurs that results in an “assignment” (including for purposes of the Advisers Act) of the management agreement between the Registrant and the Management Company, which TPG refers to as the “Management Agreement,” or any other agreement (including because of any change in the control group of TPG), and as a result the Management Company or any other entity must seek the consent of the Fund under applicable law, the Independent Directors will have the authority to act for the Fund in determining whether or not to provide any required consent.
Interpreting the Provisions of the Partnership Agreements and Other Legal Requirements
The Partnership Agreements, Subscription Agreement, Management Agreement and other constitutional documents of the Fund are detailed agreements that establish complex arrangements among the Limited Partners, the Fund, the General Partner, the Management Company and other entities and individuals. You are urged to review these agreements carefully with your counsel and other advisors before making a decision to invest in the Fund.
Questions arise under these agreements regarding the parties’ rights and obligations in certain situations, some of which will not have been contemplated at the time of the agreements’ drafting and execution. In these instances, the operative provisions of the agreements, if any, may be broad, general, ambiguous or conflicting, and
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permit more than one reasonable interpretation. At times, there will not be a provision directly applicable to the situation. While TPG will construe the relevant agreements in its good faith (it being understood that references to “good faith” in the Partnership Agreements refer to its subjective good faith, meaning honesty in fact) and in a manner consistent with its legal obligations (and, when appropriate, in consultation with external legal counsel), the interpretations TPG adopts will not necessarily be, and need not be, the interpretations that are the most favorable to most Limited Partners.
Alignment of Interest
A number of persons hold direct or indirect equity and other economic interests in TPG, including in its holding structures and certain other subsidiaries or vehicles that it controls. On January 18, 2022, TPG Inc. completed an initial public offering. The General Partner and the Management Company are subsidiaries of TPG Operating Group, which is indirectly controlled by TPG Inc. The officers, directors, members, managers and personnel of TPG can be expected to take into account certain considerations and other factors in connection with the management of the business and affairs of the Fund and its affiliates that would not necessarily be taken into account if the General Partner and Management Company were not under the control of a publicly listed company, and certain of them have fiduciary duties to shareholders of the public company that could conflict with their duties to the Fund. For example, although TPG believes its reputation in the marketplace will provide a benefit to the Fund, TPG could decline to undertake investment activity or transact with a counterparty on behalf of the Fund for reputational reasons, and these decisions could result in the Fund foregoing a profit or suffering a loss. For additional information regarding TPG Inc., please refer to its public filings, which may be accessed through the website of the SEC (www.sec.gov) or TPG (https://shareholders.tpg.com).
Similarly, TPG has permitted and reserve the right to permit third-party investors to hold material direct or indirect equity and/or debt interests in, participate in fees and/or incentive-based allocations and compensation of, or provide financing to, TPG-related vehicles, in each case, including the General Partner, the Management Company and/or other subsidiaries of TPG Operating Group that are entitled to receive incentive-based allocations and compensation and payment of management fees as well as entities TPG forms to exercise its rights or discharge its obligations under the partnership agreements of TPG funds. This includes debt financing that is recourse to TPG and/or its employees as well as non-recourse debt, such as a securitization structure. TPG and/or its employees could also, but are not required to, participate in such vehicles by holding direct or indirect equity and/or debt interests. Any of the foregoing vehicles could be used to fund TPG’s capital commitments to TPG funds, including the required minimum commitment as well as any permitted additional commitments. Further, commitments by persons who are or were involved in the investment activities and affairs of the Fund and/or other TPG funds or otherwise associated with TPG, or their respective family members, estate planning vehicles or affiliates (the foregoing, collectively, “Fund Personnel”) may be used by TPG to satisfy any commitment that the General Partner makes to the Fund. Fund Personnel are not required to be involved in the investment activities of the Fund, and the determination of whether a person is “otherwise associated with TPG” is made by the General Partner in its discretion. Senior Advisors are sometimes treated by TPG as Fund Personnel for purposes of the Partnership Agreements and, as such, commitments made by Senior Advisors may be used by TPG to satisfy any commitment that the General Partner makes to the Fund. These practices have the effect of reducing the fees, including the Management Fees, and Performance Participation Allocations received directly or indirectly by TPG Operating Group and/or the Management Company and the General Partner (including the Performance Participation Allocations received by persons responsible for operating the Fund) and/or the amount of capital contributed or remaining at risk by persons responsible for operating the Fund, and lessening the alignment of interests between such persons and the Limited Partners, as applicable.
Information Provided to Prospective Limited Partners
Investors’ rights to information regarding the Fund will be specified in the Partnership Agreements. However, certain Limited Partners may receive additional information that is not made available to the Limited Partners generally. For example, (i) Limited Partners who negotiate particular written agreements and (ii) affiliates of the Management Company, may have more information about the Fund than other Limited Partners, and the Management Company will have no duty to ensure all Limited Partners seek, obtain or process the same information
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regarding the Fund and its investments. As a general matter, Limited Partners should expect that limited partners of other TPG funds that negotiate particular written agreements are expected to have more information about such other TPG funds as compared to the information Limited Partners have about the Fund. Additionally, as part of their due diligence, prospective Limited Partners (including transferees) often ask different questions or request different information, including information beyond what the Registrant includes in this Registration Statement or general marketing materials. While TPG, by complying with these requests, will provide certain information to some prospective Limited Partners that TPG does not provide to others, TPG does not intend to give any advantage to the prospective Limited Partners who receive additional information at their request. The answers and additional information TPG provides in response to such questions may be limited or incomplete or depend upon a specific context. Similarly, certain Limited Partners may also be investors in other funds, vehicles or accounts, or otherwise engage in transactions with TPG, and are expected to receive additional information through such arrangements. Certain information that is provided to one Limited Partner and not to another Limited Partner (or prospective Limited Partner) may be material and could affect such Limited Partner’s (or prospective Limited Partner’s) decision to invest (or not invest) in the Fund or to take actions or make decisions pursuant to the Partnership Agreements; however, since the Registrant is not incorporating these answers and additional information into its offering materials, prospective Limited Partners may not rely on such answers or information in making their decision to subscribe for interests in the Fund.
Allocation of Co-Investment Opportunities
Other TPG funds have the option to offer Partners or other parties (including TPG affiliated entities and investors in other TPG funds) the opportunity to invest alongside such other TPG funds, or “co-invest,” in an investment such other TPG funds are making either directly or through a TPG-controlled vehicle established to invest in one or more co-investment opportunities. Such co-investment opportunities may reduce the number of investment opportunities or lead to reductions in the size of specific investment opportunities, in each case that would otherwise be allocated to the Fund. With respect to limited partners of another TPG fund, the situation generally arises when the amount of equity capital necessary to complete a transaction exceeds the amount TPG determines is appropriate for such TPG fund, after taking into account additional capital to be contributed by other TPG funds and any:
co-underwriters;
co-sponsors (including other third-party managed pooled investment vehicles in which TPG or its affiliates, or TPG professionals personally, may hold an interest);
Senior Advisors (and the funds they manage);
TPG employees and other affiliated personnel (as described below); and
other parties or consultants that assisted in sourcing or completing the transaction or provide other strategic value.
Allocation of Secondary Opportunities
TPG and its affiliates, including other TPG funds, are permitted to acquire limited partner interests in the Fund or other TPG funds from Limited Partners (which term includes, for purposes of this subsection alone, limited partners of other TPG funds) through transactions in the secondary market or other private transactions, which gives rise to a variety of conflicts of interest, including those described below.
In certain circumstances, these transactions are expected to be initiated by Limited Partners, and in other circumstances TPG will approach one or more Limited Partners on a case-by-case or systematic basis with an offer to acquire their interests. TPG will determine the Limited Partners, if any, from whom TPG acquires interests in its sole discretion taking into account whatever factors it deems relevant TPG, including its own interests. To the extent TPG does determine to acquire interests from one or more Limited Partners, TPG expects to do so selectively
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and could favor certain Limited Partners over others. For example, TPG might be inclined to agree to acquire interests from Limited Partners that it expects to invest in other TPG funds or for other strategic reasons. TPG is not required to make a similar offer to any other investor or to provide notice or disclosure to any other investor regarding any such transaction. TPG’s acquisition of all or any portion of a Limited Partner’s interest would generally not be considered a withdrawal or redemption by the Limited Partner from the Fund or the other TPG fund and would not be restricted by the applicable partnership agreements.
TPG also has discretion to determine the terms upon which it is willing to transact with any Limited Partner. In particular, the price or other terms it offers or agrees with one Limited Partner could be different from those TPG offers or agrees to with another Limited Partner, even if executed at substantially the same time. In addition, when determining the price or other terms upon which TPG is willing to transact, it will be acting in its own interest and not as advisers or fiduciaries to the selling Limited Partner, and, as a result, there is no assurance that the price or other terms upon which TPG is willing to transact will be beneficial to the investor or similar to those that could be obtained in a transaction with a third party. TPG is under no obligation to match any third-party purchaser’s offer, price or other terms. TPG will have significantly more information and visibility regarding TPG, the Fund or other TPG funds, and the Fund or other TPG fund’s investments than the selling Limited Partner, and, as a result, TPG will be in a better position than the selling Limited Partner to determine price and other terms that are more beneficial to it as buyer of the interest. For example, TPG may be incentivized to make offers to purchase interests from one or more Limited Partners at a time when it believes the Fund or other TPG fund’s portfolio is expected to increase in value in the future, but to transact at a price that does not yet account for such potential increase. In addition, TPG’s ability to set the terms upon which TPG acquires interests could give rise to other conflicts for the Fund or other TPG funds as a whole, including impacting the valuations TPG ascribes to the Fund or other TPG fund’s investments.
Investors that seek to transfer interests in the Fund or other TPG funds are generally required to obtain TPG’s consent to any admission to the Fund or transfer in other TPG funds, which consent TPG may grant or withhold in its discretion. This could give rise to conflicts of interests, including because it might be incentivized to utilize this discretion to facilitate the admission of an investor to the Fund or transfer in other TPG funds on terms that are more favorable to TPG.
Amounts Paid to the General Partner and the Management Company
TPG generally has the right under the Partnership Agreements to earn: (i) a Management Fee (payable to the Management Company) based on the Fund’s NAV, (ii) a Maintenance Fee (payable to the Management Company) based on the Fund’s NAV and (iii) a Performance Participation Allocation (allocable to the General Partner) based on the Fund’s Total Return subject to an annual Hurdle Amount and a High Water Mark with 100% Catch Up. Each is described in turn below. In addition, the Fund will be responsible under the Partnership Agreements for certain Fund fees and expenses, also as discussed in greater detail below (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Fund Expenses”).
Management and Maintenance Fees
The Partnership Agreements, together with the Management Agreement, require the Fund (directly or indirectly through an Intermediate Entity) to pay the Management Company (a) the Management Fee, calculated and payable monthly in arrears equal to, for each calendar month commencing six calendar months after the Initial Closing, in the aggregate, (i) 1.25% of the Fund’s NAV per annum of the Class S Units, Class D Units and Class I Units and (ii) 1.00% of the Fund’s NAV per annum of the Class R-S Units, Class R-D Units and Class R-I Units for a 36-month period following the sixth-month anniversary of the Initial Closing, and 1.25% of the Fund’s NAV per annum of such Units thereafter, and (b) the Maintenance Fee, equal to 0.10% of the Fund’s NAV per annum. The Management Company may elect to receive the Management Fee in cash, Units of the Fund or any Parallel Investment Entities, and/or shares, interests or units (as applicable) of the Intermediate Entities (which may, for the avoidance of doubt, be paid or allocated directly by an Intermediate Entity). The Maintenance Fee will be payable in cash. The Management Fee will be payable to the Management Company in consideration for its investment management services and the Maintenance Fee will be payable to the Management Company in consideration for its
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operational services. See “Item 1. Business—Management Fee” and “—Maintenance Fee” for more information regarding the Management Fee and Maintenance Fee.
Management Fee Offset
On a cumulative basis, the Management Fee paid by the Fund is expected to be reduced (but not below zero) by an amount equal to 100% of the Fund’s pro rata share of (i) Net Fee Income (as defined below), if any, received by the Management Company or any affiliate of the Management Company, as a representative, or on behalf, of the Fund and (ii) carried interest, management fees or incentive fees paid or borne by the Fund in connection with the Fund’s investments in other TPG funds (other than secondary investments in other TPG funds made as part of a portfolio transaction); provided, that any non-cash consideration that constitutes Net Fee Income shall not reduce the Management Fee until such non-cash consideration is disposed of for cash (in which case the reduction shall be determined based on the amount of cash received upon such disposition), or, if not disposed of prior to the disposition or other realization of the Investment with respect to which such non-cash consideration was received, as of the date of the disposition or other realization of such Investment (in which case the reduction shall be determined based on the fair value of such consideration as of the date of the disposition or other realization of such Investment). To the extent that the amount referred to in the preceding sentence exceeds the Management Fee due, such excess shall be carried forward to the immediately succeeding month.
For purposes of the foregoing, the Partnership Agreements stipulate that only those individuals who are employees are TPG’s affiliates, and therefore, TPG excludes from Portfolio Fees the fees non-employees (including former employees) earn from portfolio companies. Whether an individual is an employee generally turns on whether certain indicia of employment are present. This determination is highly fact dependent and involves complex judgments within varying legal and regulatory frameworks. As a general matter, TPG does not expect to treat its Senior Advisors or other advisors, consultants or strategic business partners as employees or otherwise consider them its affiliates. Some of these individuals are former TPG employees.
Certain other fees and expense reimbursements are not included in the definition of Portfolio Fees, and therefore, these amounts do not offset the management fee. These amounts include, but are not limited to:
reimbursement payments to TPG for specialized operational services (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Fund Fees and Expenses—Fund Expenses—Specialized Operational Services”);
reimbursement payments to TPG for in-house services and Foreign Office Services provided by the Management Company or an affiliate (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Fund Fees and Expenses—Fund Expenses—In-House Services” and “—Foreign Office Services”);
any amounts paid by a platform company to its management team (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Platform Companies”);
any profits interests or other compensation or amounts payable by a portfolio company or the Fund to an affiliate of TPG’s (including former Senior Advisors) pursuant to an arrangement that was entered into prior to such person becoming an affiliate of TPG, regardless of when the interests, compensation or amounts crystallize or vest;
any amounts paid by a former portfolio company, such as directors’ fees a former portfolio company pays one of TPG’s professionals who remains on the company’s board of directors following the Fund’s disposition of its investment in the company;
any underwriting, structuring, syndication, private placement, arranging or other broker-dealer or capital markets fees, discounts or commissions paid to TPG Capital BD (or other affiliates) (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Participation of TPG Capital BD and Related Entities in Capital Markets Activity”);
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the portion of any fee allocable to another TPG fund, portfolio company management or other third parties (even if it is received by the Fund, the Management Company, the General Partner or any of their affiliates);
any fee paid to a co-underwriter or co-sponsor of an investment;
carried interest, management fees or other fees received by an affiliate of the General Partner from other vehicles or other parties (other than the Fund) who hold interests in portfolio companies;
any amounts paid by TPG’s portfolio companies as reimbursement for any out-of-pocket costs and expenses it incurs in connection with a transaction, including travel expenses, whether or not these expenses would be payable by the Fund if not for such reimbursement;
a portion of a transaction or other fee received from an actual or prospective portfolio company that TPG in its sole discretion agree to pay to a third party, such as a consultant, advisor, Senior Advisor, finder, broker and/or investment bank (as the third-party fee is not a fee that TPG is entitled to retain);
any amounts paid by the Fund or by portfolio companies to persons designated in the Partnership Agreements as unaffiliated with TPG, such as Y Analytics;
any fees, compensation or benefit received by TPG that are not related to the making, management or disposition of investments on behalf of the Fund, including any such amounts paid in connection with the provision of other services provided by TPG to any portfolio companies; and
any amounts the Independent Directors approve not to treat as Portfolio Fees.
Receiving amounts that do not offset the Management Fee gives TPG an incentive to maximize such amounts and to make and structure investments that could generate such amounts, even if TPG otherwise would not make such an investment in their absence.
The Partnership Agreements allow TPG to receive Portfolio Fees from the Fund’s portfolio companies, and TPG expects to receive such fees. The amount, structure, timing and other terms of any Portfolio Fees will vary depending on the terms of TPG’s agreements with each portfolio company. Some Portfolio Fees are payable upon closing of a particular transaction or other events, whereas other Portfolio Fees are payable in annual installments, with the possibility that those annual payments accelerate upon specified events. For example, TPG charges certain portfolio companies annual monitoring fees under a management services agreement. The monitoring fees can be a fixed annual amount or a floating amount, sometimes based on a percentage of the company’s earnings. There can be no assurance that the amount of fees charged will be proportional to the amount of hours or value of work performed on behalf of the portfolio company. A management services agreement typically has a stated term of ten years, though TPG expects a management services agreement to terminate when the Fund ceases to hold a material interest in the relevant portfolio company. In certain circumstances (such as the occurrence of an initial public offering or a sale where the Fund maintains a material interest), the termination of the management services agreement may result in the acceleration of the payment of all or a portion of the monitoring fees or may result in the payment of other exit, performance-based or termination fees. Portfolio Fees are often received from operating companies, but TPG is also authorized to receive Portfolio Fees from holding companies or special purpose vehicles TPG establishes to make investments, including those over which TPG exercises complete discretion. The fees paid by portfolio companies in these situations may be significant. TPG also may receive Portfolio Fees in kind, including equity, profits interests, grants or other similar interests in the Fund’s portfolio companies, which could be significant, and in hindsight, these amounts may ultimately be worth significantly more than if TPG had received cash. In general, TPG typically does not negotiate Portfolio Fees with portfolio companies on an arm’s-length basis. Portfolio Fees could adversely affect a portfolio company’s financial performance.
Performance Participation Allocation
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In addition to the Management Fee and Maintenance Fee received by the Management Company, the General Partner will be allocated or distributed a Performance Participation Allocation by the Fund (directly or indirectly through an Intermediate Entity), equal to 12.5% of Total Return attributable to Investor Units subject to a 5% annual Hurdle Amount and a High Water Mark with a 100% Catch-Up. See “Item 1. Business—Performance Participation Allocation.”
Since the amount of the Performance Participation Allocation allocable to the General Partner depends on the Fund’s performance, TPG has an incentive to approve and cause the Fund to make more speculative investments than it would otherwise make in the absence of such Performance Participation Allocation. TPG also has an incentive to dispose of the Fund’s investments at a time and in a sequence that would generate the most Performance Participation Allocation, even if it would not be in the Fund’s interest to dispose of the investments in that manner. A similar incentive exists at the level of the Third-Party Manager-led Funds in which the Fund may invest. The general partner clawback with respect to the Fund’s indirect clawback liability pertaining to Third-Party Managers in which the Fund may invest in respect of the Fund’s applicable share of carried interest generated by such Third-Party Managers, potentially creates other misalignments of interests between such Third-Party Managers, on the one hand, and the investors in the Third-Party Manager-Led Funds on the other hand, such as an incentive for the Third-Party Managers to make more speculative investments, to defer disposition of an investment that would result in a realized loss (or a return on investment that was less than the preferred return, where applicable under the organizational documents of the relevant Third-Party Manager-Led Funds) and trigger the clawback, or delay the dissolution and liquidation of a Third-Party Manager-Led Fund if doing so would trigger a clawback obligation and/or seek to deploy capital in investments at an accelerated pace. TPG will generally have no control over the decision to dispose of underlying investments made by Third-Party Manager-Led Funds in which it invests, and will be reliant upon such Third-Party Managers to make such decisions in a fair and reasonable manner and on a timely basis. In addition, the tax treatment of performance allocations may result in various incentives. For instance, tax reform enacted in 2017 (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Reliance on TPG Management”) has generally increased to three years the holding period required in order for professionals to treat performance allocations as long term capital gain, and further changes have recently been under discussion in the U.S. Congress that, if enacted, could increase such required holding period or recharacterize performance allocations as ordinary income rather than as a capital gain (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Reliance on TPG Management”). Similar rules may operate in other jurisdictions. The 2017 tax reform and future changes in tax law on the treatment of performance allocations could reduce the after-tax returns of individuals associated with the General Partner or the Management Company who were or may in the future be granted direct or indirect interests in the Performance Participation Allocation, which could make it more difficult for TPG and its affiliates to incentivize, attract and retain individuals to perform services for the Fund. In addition, the longer holding period required by the 2017 tax reform creates an incentive for Third-Party Managers in which the Fund invests to accelerate deployment of capital at the beginning of the investment period of closed-ended funds they manage, and TPG and Third-Party Managers in which the Fund invests to hold investments for longer periods in order for the gain from their dispositions to qualify for long term capital gain treatment under the performance allocation rules, even if it would be in the Fund’s interest to hold the investments for shorter periods. It may also incentivize TPG to cause the Fund or its subsidiaries to borrow more frequently, in greater amounts, or for longer periods. Furthermore, in certain instances, the General Partner may receive a Performance Participation Allocation with respect to a distribution in-kind of non-marketable securities. The amount of the Performance Participation Allocation will be dependent on the valuation of the non-marketable securities distributed, which will be determined by the General Partner and could incentivize the General Partner to value the securities higher than if there were no Performance Participation Allocation. The General Partner can engage a third party to determine the value of securities distributed in-kind or non-marketable securities and rely upon the third-party opinion of value, but there can be no assurance such an opinion will reflect value accurately. Moreover, the General Partner has the authority to amend the Partnership Agreements to address any law or regulation that would materially adversely affect the U.S. federal, state or local treatment of the Performance Participation Allocation to the General Partner, or its direct or indirect owners, which amendment would not add to the obligations of Limited Partners, without consent from the Independent Directors.
As further described in “Item 1. Business—Performance Participation Allocation,” the Performance Participation Allocation will be made, and the Management Fee and Maintenance Fee will be payable without taking into account accrued and unpaid taxes of any Intermediate Entity (including Corporations) through which the Fund
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indirectly invests in an Investment or taxes paid by any such Intermediate Entity during the applicable Reference Period or month (as the case may be). Accordingly, this reduces the General Partner’s and Management Company’s incentive to ensure Intermediate Entities are structured in such a manner as to minimize taxes paid or payable by such Intermediate Entities.
Fund Fees and Expenses
In addition to paying the Management and Maintenance Fees and making the Performance Participation Allocation, the Fund will incur various fees and expenses related to its organization, offering and operations, as described in more detail below.
Organizational and Offering Expenses
Organizational and Offering expenses are those that are incurred in connection with the formation of the Fund and the offering of limited partnership units to potential investors (including, as applicable, all similar organizational and offering expenses of feeder funds, Parallel Investment Entities and/or Intermediate Entities primarily organized to invest in the Fund to the extent not paid by such feeder funds, Parallel Investment Entities, Intermediate Entities or their investors, but excluding Subscription Fees and Servicing Fees). These expenses include:
fees and expenses of TPG’s counsel, including for preparing this Registration Statement and preparing and negotiating the Partnership Agreements, the Subscription Agreement, the Management Agreement, any written agreements with Limited Partners, engagement letters for placement agents, contracts with third-party service providers, including transfer agents, administrators, depositaries and custodians, registration statement filings and related documents and all other documents attendant to the Fund’s formation and organization;
fees and expenses relating to the selection, due diligence and onboarding of prospective members of the Board of Directors;
travel and related expenses of TPG personnel incurred in connection with meetings with prospective Limited Partners regarding possible investments in the Fund, including fees to attend retail seminars sponsored by participating broker-dealers and reimbursements for customary travel, lodging, entertainment and meals;
printing, mailing, legal, capital raising, accounting, subscription processing and filing fees and expenses, due diligence expenses of participating placement agents or financial intermediaries supported by detailed and itemized invoices, costs in connection with preparing sales materials, design and website expenses, transfer agent, administrator, custodial and depository fees, regulatory compliance (including the initial notifications, filings and initial compliance contemplated by the AIFM Directive the Swiss Collective Investment Schemes Act dated June 23, 2006 (as amended) (the “CISA”), the Swiss Financial Services Act 2018 (the “FINSA”), the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation, the Taxonomy Regulation or any similar law, rule or regulation) and any administrative or other filings (including the preparation, distribution or filing of any filings or reports contemplated by the AIFM Directive, the CISA and/or the FINSA or any similar law, rule or regulation);
expenses of offering Units (including expenses associated with updating the offering materials, expenses associated with printing such materials and expenses associated with subscriptions and repurchases); and
other expenses related to the Fund’s formation.
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The Management Company has agreed to advance all of the Fund’s Organizational and Offering Expenses (as defined below) on the Fund’s behalf through the first anniversary of the Initial Closing. The Fund will reimburse the Management Company for all such advanced expenses within 12 months following the first anniversary of the Initial Closing. The Management Company will determine what Organizational and Offering expenses are attributable to the Fund, in its sole discretion.
After the first anniversary of the Initial Closing, the Fund will reimburse the Management Company for any Organizational and Offering Expenses that it has incurred on each entity’s behalf as and when incurred.
Fund Expenses
In General. The Fund, and hence all partners, bears the expenses incurred in relation to its activities, operations, meetings, dissolution, winding-up, termination and liquidation (as applicable). These include most expenses relating to the Fund (and its special purpose vehicles and subsidiaries), such as expenses, costs and fees:
incurred in connection with sourcing, negotiating, valuing, background searching, discovering, investigating, evaluating, pursuing, structuring of investment opportunities (whether or not the investment is consummated), obtaining regulatory approvals for, bidding on, and making investments, including, for example,
fees, costs and expenses associated with the organization, activities, operation, administration, meetings, restructuring or winding up, dissolution and liquidation of the Fund, any subsidiaries, or any special purpose vehicles, including any entity used to acquire, hold or dispose of any one or more of the Fund’s investments or otherwise facilitate the Fund’s investment activities;
legal fees for drafting, reviewing and negotiating agreements relating to the making, financing (including providing guarantees and other credit support), refinancing, holding, developing, operating, trading, hedging, managing, monitoring, restructuring, servicing, collecting on or disposing of and otherwise realizing on an investment (and potential investments and co-investments that are not consummated), conducting due diligence (including assessments of any project and site visits and/or market studies) and securing regulatory approvals;
due diligence (including assessments of any project and site visits and/or market studies), research (including any subscriptions to any periodicals, databases and/or research services) and other Fund or investment-related travel expenses (including costs and expenses of accommodations, meals, events and aircraft travel, including any expenses related to attending trade association and/or industry meetings, conferences or similar meetings (including with prospective or existing portfolio companies or other similar companies));
fees of accountants that provide due diligence and other services, including analyses with respect to accounting or performance reporting standards such as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS);
fees of tax specialists that advise on the structuring of an investment;
fees of investment banks and related bank charges, placement, syndication and solicitation fees, arranger fees, sales commissions and other investment, execution, closing and administrative fees, costs and expenses (including any capital markets fees);
brokerage commissions, hedging costs, prime brokerage fees, custodial expenses, clearing and settlement charges and other investment costs, fees and expenses actually incurred in connection with making, holding, settling, monitoring or disposing of actual investments (including, without limitation, any costs or expenses relating to currency conversion in the case of investments denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars);
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fees of advisors, consultants and other third-party service providers that advise, among other things, on various aspects of sourcing, investigating and pursuing possible investments, including industry and subject-matter experts;
fees and expenses relating to potential but not consummated investments and co-investments, including costs that could have been allocated to prospective co-investors (including affiliated co-investors) had the deal and/or co-investment been consummated;
startup costs relating to potential platform companies that the Fund ultimately does not pursue;
fees and expenses relating to the travel of TPG’s employees, including airfare, hotel and meal expenses;
sales leasing, underwriting, origination, and brokerage commissions, clearing and settlement charges and any other investment costs actually incurred in connection with investments; and
fees and expenses of asset managers or servicers, including affiliates of the General Partner, engaged by the General Partner, the Management Company, the Fund or any of their respective affiliates to provide asset management, due diligence, underwriting, asset servicing, operational or other services (including analyses with respect to accounting or performance reporting standards) with respect to Investments;
valuation costs, including the costs of any third-party valuation firms;
organizational, offering and operating expenses of the Fund, or any feeder funds, Parallel Investment Entities and/or Intermediate Entities (including expenses associated with updating the offering materials, printing such materials, advertising, subscriptions and repurchases, any written agreements between the General Partner or the Fund and Limited Partners, and travel expenses relating to the ongoing offering of Units) to the extent not paid by such feeder funds, Parallel Investment Entities and/or Intermediate Entities or their partners, as applicable;
relating to broker-dealer and/or capital markets services (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Participation of TPG Capital BD and Related Entities in Capital Markets Activity”);
expenses and any placement fees payable to a placement agent or financial intermediary in respect of the subscription by Limited Partners admitted through a placement agent or financial intermediary (to the extent such fees or expenses are not borne by such Limited Partners directly);
relating to general and/or background investigation of industries that may be suitable for investment by the Fund;
incurred in holding, developing, operating, managing, financing, refinancing, monitoring, restructuring and disposing of investments, which can include amounts incurred in pursuing secondary liquidity transactions on behalf of the Fund or its assets, whether or not consummated;
relating to the Fund’s, its subsidiaries’ and any special purpose vehicle’s borrowing, guarantees and other financing, such as interest, commitment fees, upfront fees, legal fees, hedging fees, structuring fees and underwriting fees, expenses of loan servicers and other service providers, fees in connection with margin loans and total return swaps and other fees and expenses, including the costs and expenses of any lenders, investment banks and other financing sources and fees incurred in connection with any procedure reports for lenders and any indemnification obligations;
relating to conferences and other professional development activities for portfolio company executives (including those TPG organizes);
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relating to business development activities, including meals and events;
of custodians, depositaries, advisors (including Senior Advisors), consultants or recruiters (including in connection with industry research (including any subscriptions to any periodicals, databases and/or research services), recruiting portfolio company management and recruiting Senior Advisors), economists, sourcing persons, brokers, local paying agents, licensed local distributors and similar persons, outside counsel, intermediaries, administrators, distributors, alternative investment fund managers, valuation firms, lawyers and legal professionals, tax professionals, accountants, auditors, investment bankers, lenders, rating agencies, expert networks and other professionals for services rendered to the Fund (in each case, regardless of whether TPG employees have provided similar services to the Fund or other TPG funds);
of Y Analytics (a public benefit company currently controlled by TPG) and similar impact consultants (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Fund Fees and Expenses—Fund Expenses—Y Analytics”) to provide impact assessment services for the Fund’s impact investments;
of Senior Advisors, including relating to facilitating co-investments by Senior Advisors in portfolio companies, including costs and expenses relating to the establishment and operation of any co-investment vehicle through which Senior Advisors co-invest;
Independent Directors’ compensation and expenses;
relating to the meetings and activities of the Board of Directors, including
venue (and any cancellation fees), food and beverage, travel and accommodation expenses; and
fees, costs and expenses associated with any legal counsel or other third-party service providers or advisors retained by, at the direction of or for the benefit of the Board of Directors;
relating to any annual meeting of the Fund and other meetings of the Limited Partners in connection with the Fund, including venue (and any cancellation fees), food and beverage, and travel expenses and fees, costs and expenses associated with any legal counsel or other third-party service providers or advisors;
associated with responding to information requests from Limited Partners and other persons;
relating to the travel and accommodations, food and beverages of TPG’s employees in connection with the Board of Directors or Limited Partner meetings and other Fund-related travel;
for insurance coverage (including general partner liability/directors and officers insurance, crime/fidelity insurance, data protection, cybersecurity, errors and omissions, representation and warranty liability coverage) (including all fees, premiums, costs and expenses relating to any retention or deductibles and broker and placement costs and commissions) and any consultants or other advisors utilized in the procurement, review, maintenance and analysis of insurance;
relating to third-party joint venture partners, operating partners and other similar persons or entities;
information technology system expenses, including the costs of acquiring, development, implementing and maintaining computer software (including, but not limited to, specialty and custom software), expenses of technology-service providers and related software/hardware and market data and research used in connection with the Fund’s investment and operational activities, as well as technological expenses relating to the oversight and management of the Fund and its investments, including data aggregation in respect of portfolio companies, and hardware and other technological systems for the benefit of the Fund (including third-party diligence software and service providers);
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relating to the maintenance of any website, data room or communication medium used in relation to the Fund (including for the hosting of constitutional documents or any other documents to be communicated to investors, prospective investors or third parties);
of any administrator and valuation experts (including in relation to making distributions to the Limited Partners, the administration of assets, financial planning and treasury activities);
relating to administrative and accounting services (including third-party administrative services, transfer agent fees, and Limited Partner information databases) and the creation of reports (including financial reports (including quarterly and annual reports) and any reports prepared in connection with applicable laws, rules or regulations), and other responses to reporting and information requests from Limited Partners, including the costs incurred to audit, print and distribute or provide access (whether through the Fund’s website or other portal) to such reports and any other related operational, secretarial or postage expenses, expenses relating to protecting the confidential or non-public nature of any information or data;
relating to consummated or unconsummated Limited Partner transfers that are not otherwise borne by the transferring (or potentially transferring) parties;
relating to Foreign Office Services, as described below;
relating to ongoing administrative, governance and compliance services necessary for the operation of the Fund (including, without limitation, (i) expenses relating to the preparation and filing of Form PF, Form ADV (with respect to the Management Company), Exchange Act reports, filings (including tender offer filings) and registration statements (including Form 10), reports and notices to be filed with the CFTC, reports, filings, disclosures and notices prepared in connection with the laws and/or regulations of jurisdictions in which the Fund engages in activities and any related regulations, or the laws and/or regulations of jurisdictions in which the Fund engages in activities and/or any other regulatory filings, notices or disclosures of the Management Company and/or its affiliates relating to the Fund and their activities, and preparing materials and coordinating meetings of the Board of Directors, and (ii) compensation, overhead (including rent, office equipment and utilities) and other expenses incurred, charged or specifically attributed or allocated by the General Partner, the Management Company and/or their affiliates in performing administrative and/or accounting services for the Fund (including but not limited to legal and compliance, finance, accounting, operations, investor relations, tax, valuation and internal audit personnel and other non-investment professionals that provide services to the Fund));
relating to initial and ongoing compliance with tax, regulatory or other legal requirements applicable to the Fund and/or relating to its operation (including relating to the filing of Exchange Act reports and activities in connection with compliance with the Advisers Act) as it relates to the operation of the Fund (including but not limited to preparing, obtaining, delivering and otherwise in connection with any audits, opinions, reports, consents, and disclosures relating thereto), relating to the preparation and delivery of the Fund financial statements, tax returns, Schedule K-1s (or equivalent forms), registration, administration and ongoing monitoring, engagement of alternative investment fund managers, depositaries, administrators and other service providers in connection with the Management Company’s compliance with obligations arising from the AIFM Directive, CISA or FINSA with respect to the Fund, engagement of local representatives, paying agents, depositaries, attorneys, paying agents, Swiss representative, Swiss ombudsman, the preparation and submission of regulatory and/or marketing filings of the Fund and its affiliates (including Form PF, Form SHLA and other regulatory filings of the Fund and its affiliates relating to the Fund’s activities including filings with the CFTC and the SEC) and the Management Company’s and its affiliates’ initial and ongoing compliance obligations, filings, registrations, notifications, fees and costs arising from the AIFM Directive, CISA or FINSA with respect to the Fund (including as amended by the EU’s Directive 2019/1160), the Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 on sustainability-related disclosures in the financial services sector,
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Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 18, 2020 on the establishment of a framework to facilitate sustainable investment (and any other applicable regulations or legally binding guidance relating to the European Commission’s Action Plan on Financing Sustainable Growth), the revised Markets in Financial Instruments Directive 2014/65, or any law, rule, regulation, policy, directive or special measure (including in relation to privacy, data protection, know-your-customer, anti-money laundering laws, anti-corruption laws, and other laws and regulations, economic and financial sanctions or anti-terrorism laws, regulations, and considerations (including the engagement of administrators and/or similar persons to provide services in connection therewith));
relating to the implementation of, and compliance with, legal, regulatory, ESG or other similar standards and commitments applicable to the Fund, its investments or potential investments, including diligence, monitoring and reporting thereof and any requirements relating to the foregoing set forth in one or more written agreements or investor policies (“Portfolio Compliance”);
for any investigation, litigation (including discovery requests) or arbitration relating to the activities or operations of the Fund (including the costs of discovery relating thereto) and any related judgments or settlements paid in connection therewith, relating to the business, activities and interests of the Fund (including any indemnification (including advancement of any fees, costs or expenses to persons entitled to indemnification) paid pursuant to the Partnership Agreements, any extraordinary expenses or liabilities relating to the affairs of the Fund or any Investment, and any similar obligations);
relating to any audit, investigation, regulatory or governmental inquiry or public relations undertaking (including lobbying expenses);
relating to the representation of the Fund or the Limited Partners with respect to tax compliance or controversy matters (including fees, costs and other expenses incurred by the “partnership representative” and “designated individual” thereof, in each case acting in such capacity), or in connection with any tax audit, investigation, settlement or review of the Fund and expenses incurred in connection with tax preparation and filings;
relating to compliance (or monitoring compliance) with the Partnership Agreements, the Management Agreement, written agreements with Limited Partners and any related document, and preparation of related materials, including the preparation and distribution of written agreements, definitive documents and other materials to Partners as “closing sets” or other post-closing distributions, and the preparation of internal manuals, summaries, guides and other documents to facilitate TPG’s compliance with and organization of the Fund-related documents;
consisting of taxes, fees or other governmental charges levied against the Fund or its subsidiaries or their respective income or assets or in connection with their respective businesses or operations (other than taxes attributed to one or more particular Limited Partners in accordance with the Partnership Agreements);
relating to exploring, evaluating, structuring, negotiating and/or consummating any potential liquidity transaction, including any costs relating to offering or otherwise making available any of the foregoing to one or more Partners (including any costs relating to initial set-up, ongoing subscriptions, compliance, tax analysis and/or maintenance of secondary matching programs and/or qualified matching services);
relating to any fees, costs and expenses relating to potential, unconsummated or actual transactions that, if consummated, would require the approval of the Independent Directors (due to conflict or otherwise), even if such fees, costs and expenses are incurred prior to receiving such approval or if such approval is never sought or received by the Independent Directors;
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relating to any costs and expenses incurred by the General Partner, the Management Company or their respective personnel, or personnel of portfolio companies with respect to conferences, training programs and similar meetings;
relating to any activities with respect to protecting the confidential or non-public nature of any information or data (including any costs incurred in connection with the U.S. Freedom of Information Act, or any similar statutory or regulatory disclosure requirement of any state or other jurisdiction, the U.S. federal Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, the New York SHIELD Act, Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, the California Consumer Privacy Act as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act and other similar U.S. state privacy laws, or any applicable legislation or regulation relating to the protection of personal data in force from time to time in the European Union (“EU”), the EEA or the UK, including the Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC), the UK Data Protection Act 2018, the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003, the Data Protection (Processing of Sensitive Personal Data) Order 2000, the General Data Protection Regulation (EU 2016/679), any other legislation that implements any other then current or future legal act of the EU concerning the protection and processing of personal data, any national implementing or successor legislation and any amendment or re-enactment of the foregoing);
relating to winding up and dissolution of the Fund, including the formation and administration of a liquidating trust;
relating to any amendments, restatements or other modifications to, and compliance with (or monitoring compliance with), the Partnership Agreements, the Management Agreement, other written agreements and any other related documents of the Fund or any laws, rules or regulations applicable to the Fund, the General Partner, the Management Company or their affiliates, including the solicitation of any consent, approval, waiver or similar acknowledgement from the Partners and/or the Independent Directors and preparation of related materials, including disclosure in connection with compliance (or monitoring compliance) with such documents or any laws, rules or regulations;
that would have otherwise been borne by a portfolio company which the General Partner determines in its discretion to pay or reimburse;
any other fees, costs, expenses, liabilities or obligations approved by the Board of Directors; and
associated with all third-parties, relating to any of the foregoing items described above.
The Fund is authorized to borrow to pay these expenses.
Expenses of the Fund, including any Parallel Investment Entities, Intermediate Entities and feeder funds, will generally be allocated among all such entities on a pro rata basis based on NAV, regardless of the specific nature of the expense. TPG may, but is not required to, specially allocate expenses, as it determines in good faith to be fair and equitable under the circumstances. TPG incurs costs and expenses for a particular entity and are required to make determinations as to whether such costs and expenses are to be specially allocated and borne by only a single entity or whether such costs and expenses should be allocated pro rata among the Fund, including the Parallel Investment Entities, Intermediate Entities and feeder funds. TPG often determines not to make such special allocations, including due to administrative convenience, to keep available capital aligned, and/or for other reasons TPG determines in its sole discretion, even if the expenses relate only to particular entity(s) and/or investor(s) therein. This will result in any one entity bearing a portion of certain expenses attributable to another entity, even if such expenses are not directly connected to the activities and operations of all entities bearing the expense, including expenses incurred in connection with either the Fund’s or such other vehicle’s legal, tax and regulatory compliance with any U.S. or non-U.S. law or regulation (including, without limitation, reports, disclosures, registration and other filings and notifications prepared in accordance with the laws of any such jurisdiction). To the extent that such expenses are allocated pro rata based on available capital, the entity with the greatest available capital will bear a greater portion of these expenses. For example, in the event that TPG were to form a Parallel Investment Entity
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organized in Australia, Luxembourg or another country, such Parallel Investment Entity would result in the incurrence of costs and expenses in connection with its organization and operation that would not have otherwise been incurred, including legal and regulatory costs and expenses, the costs of alternative investment fund managers, depositaries, administrators, and other expenses. Such costs and expenses would be subject to the allocation practices described above.
In addition, TPG incurs some expenses on an aggregate basis for the benefit of multiple TPG funds and/or TPG. For example, TPG purchases, on a Firm-wide basis, insurance that covers TPG and TPG funds. TPG allocates the aggregate costs of these items across the applicable funds and TPG in a manner it determines to be fair and equitable in its sole discretion. Generally, the allocation method is pro rata in accordance with assets under management, but TPG varies this approach in particular instances if it believes another method is more equitable. For instance, when allocating amounts (including Firm-wide insurance) to TPG, its allocable portion may be based on some other metric and may be a fixed percentage that it determines to be equitable.
In addition, although some expenses are incurred on behalf of the Fund, they are likely to benefit TPG more broadly. For example, information and data TPG obtains in connection with the Fund’s research, due diligence and investment activities will be valuable to TPG’s other funds and businesses. Similarly, tools and resources developed at the Fund’s expense, such as Y Analytics’ research and impact assessment tools, will be the intellectual property of TPG or Y Analytics and not the Fund. If TPG licenses or sells such intellectual property to third parties in the future, the Fund will not benefit from such license or sale.
With respect to all of the services described above, there can be no assurance that no other service provider is more qualified to provide the applicable services or could provide such services at lesser cost.
Specialized Operational Services. TPG retains or will retain certain employees, consultants or service providers that are TPG affiliates to provide certain specialized operational services to the Fund and its subsidiaries and portfolio companies. The General Partner will use reasonable efforts to cause each portfolio company to pay or reimburse all fees, costs and other expenses related to certain Specialized Operational Services rendered to the Fund or any of its subsidiaries or portfolio companies, where the applicable portfolio company does not directly or indirectly reimburse such fees, costs and other expenses. Specialized operational services have been referred to by TPG in the past as “field ops” or “specialized services” and consist of operational support, regulatory or legal support, specialized operations, consulting services, property services (including with respect to property management, development and other real estate matters), credit services (including loan origination, sourcing, loan servicing, debt advisory, underwriting and due diligence services, loan agency services and special servicing and services with respect to loan syndication, managing workouts and foreclosures), and any similar, related or other services (including, for the avoidance of doubt, Portfolio Compliance), including in connection with the identification, origination, acquisition, holding, servicing and disposition of or other realization upon investments (including potential investments).
These services may include, for example, support or analysis regarding:
the existing or prospective portfolio company’s management (including serving in management positions or participating in the determination of corporate strategy);
the existing or prospective portfolio company’s supply chain (including leveraged procurement and logistics/distribution networks);
marketing and sales strategy, pricing and sales force effectiveness;
data intelligence;
finance (including generating metrics and reporting and business restructuring);
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human capital management (including recruiting personnel, management on-boarding, identifying, curating and developing a network of talent and third-party recruiting resources in anticipation of supporting portfolio company recruiting efforts and determining executive/incentive compensation);
information technology;
cybersecurity;
corporate communications and public relations (including identifying, curating and developing a network of third-party public relations resources in anticipation of supporting a portfolio company’s corporate communications and public relations efforts);
governmental affairs and relations;
customer service;
ESG factors (including diligence, program monitoring and ESG strategy execution and monitoring, policies and programs, measurement and report development), whether such services are provided by Y Analytics or another party;
property management, development and other real estate matters;
loan origination, sourcing, loan servicing, debt advisory, underwriting and due diligence services, loan agency services and special servicing and services with respect to loan syndication, managing workouts and managing foreclosures (“credit services”);
procurement programs (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Rates of Third-Party Advisors and Other Service Providers”);
Portfolio Compliance; and
other similar and operational matters.
Occasionally, whether a service constitutes a specialized operational service is not clear. In these instances, TPG will consider, in its sole discretion, a service a specialized operational service if it determines that (i) third parties often provide such a service; (ii) it is a service requiring specialized operational experience or expertise and (iii) it is performed by an individual or individuals with the relevant experience or expertise. Services such as establishing or assessing a leveraged procurement plan or developing a market survey designed to enhance market share would be types of specialized operational services that would be subject to reimbursement, as these services require operational expertise. ESG services such as diligence, screening and portfolio-level initiatives performed by Y Analytics—a public benefit company owned and controlled by TPG—are specialized operational services subject to reimbursement (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Fund Fees and Expenses—Fund Expenses—Y Analytics”). TPG engages its professionals to provide specialized operational services when it believes that they more effectively drive value creation than independent service providers.
TPG could, but are not required to, try to cause a portfolio company to reimburse costs of specialized operational services that TPG, in its reasonable discretion, allocate to that portfolio company. Sometimes TPG negotiates for direct payment or reimbursement from the portfolio company to TPG or its service providers. Other times, TPG seek to include specialized operational services as a component of the monitoring fee a portfolio company pays under its management services agreement. However, TPG is not required to do so. Amounts that are not allocated to or reimbursed by a portfolio company are reimbursed first from total gross Portfolio Fees (prior to any management fee offset) and then by the Fund. TPG discusses the relationship between fees and expenses for specialized operational services and Portfolio Fees in greater detail (see “Item 1A. Business—Management Fee”); in
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particular, reimbursements for specialized operational services will not reduce the management fee charged to the Fund, regardless of whether the provider of the specialized operational services is TPG’s employee or affiliate. Additionally, any reimbursements for such services from Portfolio Fees will reduce the amount of such fees that would otherwise offset the management fees.
Specialized operational services will at times be provided in respect of portfolio companies prior to the closing of the investment and to the Fund in connection with its diligence of potential investments. The Fund will reimburse TPG directly for the fees or costs of such specialized operational services, including for deals that are not consummated.
In the event that another TPG fund has invested alongside the Fund in a portfolio company, TPG generally will allocate any reimbursement or other payment for specialized operational services with respect to such portfolio company among the funds pro rata in accordance with their respective investments unless another method is more fair and equitable under the circumstances.
If a TPG employee provides a specialized operational service, TPG generally determines the associated reimbursement amount by reference to the aggregate annual compensation paid to the employee (including benefits, profits interests, equity interests (including restricted stock units or other equity awards in TPG Inc.) or other incentive-based allocations and compensation), plus an estimate of the overhead and other fixed costs allocable to the employee, and the amount of time spent by the employee providing the specialized operational services. As explained under “Conflicts of Interest—Activities and Compensation of TPG’s Operations/Business Building Professionals,” these professionals typically have tailored compensation arrangements specific to their engagement that TPG negotiates with them in its discretion. Given the inherently specialized nature of such services, a limited market for such services exists, often setting no clear market guidelines on appropriate compensation. Although TPG intends operations professionals to be compensated at competitive rates, their compensation will not necessarily be determined through arm’s-length negotiation.
TPG has an incentive to retain its operations and business building professionals to provide specialized operational services, even if retaining other providers would be as or more advantageous to the portfolio company. In addition, possible providers of specialized operational services can be investors in, provide goods or services to or have other relationships with the Fund or other TPG funds, which in turn is likely to influence TPG’s decision on whom to retain. TPG intends to allocate fees and expenses in a manner it believes in good faith to be fair and equitable, but in its sole discretion. The allocation may not be proportional as certain TPG funds have different expense reimbursement terms, including with respect to management fee offsets, and TPG has a financial incentive to favor allocations that benefits it. As a result, the amount of the Fund expenses ultimately called or called at any one time may exceed expectations.
Reimbursements from portfolio companies in respect of specialized operational services are usually in the form of cash (which may include payment of “points” to an operations professional that performs origination services), but can sometimes be in kind, including options, restricted stock units or other equity awards or interests (including with time- or incentive-based vesting) in an applicable portfolio company granted to TPG, the TPG personnel or other TPG affiliate who provides specialized operational services. TPG will evaluate the treatment of any such in-kind reimbursement on a case-by-case basis, including as to valuation for reporting purposes and the timing and manner of disposition by such TPG personnel or other TPG affiliate. Reimbursements in kind could be significant, and in hindsight, these amounts may ultimately be worth significantly more than if TPG had received cash. In addition, equity, profits interests, grants or other similar interests in a portfolio company will likely dilute interests of the Fund.
In-House Services. In addition to other payments (including the management fee), the Fund is responsible, either directly or by reimbursing the Management Company (or an affiliate), for the fees, costs and other expenses related to certain legal, compliance, regulatory, tax, finance and accounting, information technology, fund administration and similar services (including oversight of third-party service providers and Portfolio Compliance) provided by the Management Company or an affiliate to or for the benefit of the Fund (including an allocable
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portion of personnel and related overhead expenses (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Fund Fees and Expenses—Fund Expenses—Overhead”)) if:
the fees, costs and other expenses of these services would be paid by the Fund if the services were provided by third-party service providers;
TPG reasonably believes it is in the Fund’s best interests to have in-house personnel perform such services rather than third-party service providers; and
the costs of providing such services in-house are less than the amount that would be charged by a third party in an arm’s-length transaction.
These services include, but are not limited to, for example:
legal, regulatory and tax services in connection with the organization, operation and activities of the Fund, including preparation, negotiation, interpretation and implementation of Fund organizational documents, investment due diligence, structuring, negotiation, execution, monitoring and exit related activities, preparation and calculation of tax estimates, preparation of tax calculations and tax and regulatory compliance, analysis, quarterly, annual and other reporting and filings;
financial management activities, including calculation of management fees and performance allocations, financial tracking and reporting, preparing and recording capital activity, performing bank account reconciliations, calculating and maintaining track records, and preparing and presenting Fund reporting to Limited Partners;
opening and administering bank accounts and brokerage accounts, custody administration, obtaining and administering or otherwise managing lines of credit, repurchase agreements and arrangements, margin, position reconciliation, foreign exchange and other hedging and execution (where applicable);
assisting in and administering deal closings, distributions, capital calls and other funds flows, managing credit lines, Fund expense review, Fund performance monitoring and reporting and Fund working capital management;
accounts payable and receivable processing and process development, expense analysis and the Fund invoice execution and cash collection;
portfolio company valuation for Fund financial reporting, reporting and analysis of portfolio company information;
Fund administration activities such as investor onboarding and transfer related activities, maintaining investor databases, coordinating responses to investor requests and due diligence questionnaires (including legal, compliance, ESG, accounting, treasury and other specialist review of such questionnaires), processing Limited Partner audit confirmations and account updates, coordinating Limited Partner mailing and communications, publishing Limited Partner documents and meeting materials and oversight of operational due diligence processes;
information technology development, implementation, maintenance and support services in connection with Fund accounting and reporting software and other systems and programs used to provide services to the Fund;
services related to the implementation of, and compliance with, legal, regulatory, ESG and other similar standards and commitments applicable to the Fund, its investments and/or potential
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investments, including diligence thereof and any requirements relating to such standard and commitments that are included in written agreements with Limited Partners or investor policies; and
oversight of third-party service providers that provide the services described above.
Occasionally, whether a service meets the criteria for reimbursement from the Fund is not clear. In such circumstances, TPG will determine in its sole discretion whether reimbursement is appropriate. TPG’s determinations regarding the types of activities for which TPG seeks reimbursement will likely change over time, and additional activities not set forth in the examples above but that satisfy the criteria of in-house services are expected to be subject to reimbursement in the future. Services that TPG’s in-house professionals perform alongside a third-party provider that is also engaged on the matter are eligible for reimbursement to the extent the General Partner determines that such services meet the applicable criteria.
TPG has developed processes to monitor the allocation of expenses relating to in-house services. Currently a monthly time allocation is prepared for each individual service provider (e.g., TPG employee or other affiliate) to reflect the services he or she provided to TPG funds, certain co-investment vehicles managed by TPG and/or to TPG or related investment advisers, as applicable. Senior professionals in the relevant service group and TPG’s legal or compliance professionals review the allocations on a quarterly basis for reasonableness. TPG determines the monetary value of services performed by a TPG employee providing in-house services by reference to the aggregate annual compensation paid to the employee (including benefits, profits interests, equity interests (including restricted stock units or other equity awards in TPG Inc.) or other incentive-based allocations and compensation), plus an estimate of the overhead and other fixed costs allocable to the employee and the amount of time spent by the employee providing the in-house services. TPG’s internal compensation team adjusts recorded time as necessary, and it reviews the assigned monetary value against third-party benchmarks on an annual basis, which may, for the avoidance of doubt, be at the top of the range TPG determines to be reflective of rates in the applicable market and similar markets. The Fund will bear its share of the cost of benchmarking and the calculations described above, including research of third-party rates. For time allocated to the Fund, the Fund bears the lesser of the third-party benchmark and the actual in-house service cost. Because TPG’s in-house expense allocation process relies on certain judgments and assessments that in turn are based on information and estimates from various individuals, the allocations that result are not likely to be exact and TPG does not represent that any benchmarking ultimately will be accurate, comparable or relate specifically to the assets or services to which such rates or terms relate. Where such rates or terms include hourly components, TPG reserves the right to rely on approximations or estimates of time spent for purposes of allocating or charging for services. Any methodology, or choice among methodologies, involves potential conflicts of interest. In the future TPG reserves the right to use additional or different methods to allocate in-house expenses.
Foreign Office Services. The Fund and portfolio companies of the Fund may receive operational, investment monitoring and risk management, director (or analogous function), entity administration or legal, regulatory, tax, accounting and similar services from TPG’s Luxembourg, Singapore and other non-U.S. offices, if applicable. TPG refers to such services provided by such non-U.S. offices as “Foreign Office Services.” The Fund will, and each portfolio company receiving Foreign Office Services may, reimburse the relevant affiliates of the Management Company for its allocable share of the expenses incurred by such affiliates in providing Foreign Office Services (including any value added taxes or other sales taxes thereon). Reimbursements include personnel and related overhead expenses related to Foreign Office Services, including establishment costs of any new applicable non-U.S. offices, but do not include any amounts incurred in performing the investment advisory functions (e.g., the services customarily performed by investment professionals), which will not be reimbursable. These reimbursements will not constitute Portfolio Fees and will not be shared with the Fund or the Limited Partners or reduce the management fee payable by any Limited Partner. Certain services could be treated as either Foreign Office Services or in-house services. The General Partner will determine whether to treat a particular service as a Foreign Office Service or an in-house service in its sole discretion. TPG is developing processes for the allocation of Foreign Office Services expenses, and currently expect they will be similar to the in-house services processes described above. TPG could use additional or different allocation methods over time.
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Y Analytics. Y Analytics is a public benefit company currently controlled by TPG that provides impact assessment, underwriting and due diligence services to TPG funds, including the Fund in connection with its impact investments. For the avoidance of doubt, Y Analytics is designated as unaffiliated with TPG pursuant to the Partnership Agreements and amounts paid to Y Analytics for such services will be borne by the Fund as Fund expenses and will not reduce management fees payable by Limited Partners and otherwise are not limited by the Partnership Agreements. Y Analytics also provides ESG-related services to the Fund and other TPG funds and portfolio companies, including services related to diligence (both portfolio company diligence and investor due diligence), screening and portfolio-level initiatives. Depending on the particular ESG service provided by Y Analytics to the Fund or its portfolio companies, such service will be categorized as in-house services or specialized operational services and any amounts paid to Y Analytics for such services will not reduce management fees payable by investors. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Fund Fees and Expenses—Fund Expenses—Specialized Operational Services” and “Fund Fees and Expenses—Fund Expenses—In House Services” for more information on Y Analytics’ ESG services. TPG may utilize the services of Y Analytics in its discretion and the Fund will directly or indirectly bear the fees, costs and expenses incurred by Y Analytics for the provision of the foregoing services notwithstanding the fact that Y Analytics is currently controlled by TPG.
The relationship between Y Analytics and the Fund gives rise to conflicts of interest. For example, TPG would have an incentive to engage Y Analytics in connection with a prospective investment even if a third party could provide similar services. Any such payments to Y Analytics would not trigger the Independent Director disclosure, review or approval provisions of the Partnership Agreements applicable to transactions with affiliates.
Overhead. In calculating reimbursement amounts for specialized operational services, in-house services and Foreign Office Services, TPG includes an estimate of overhead costs for the individuals providing the services. TPG’s estimate sometimes varies depending on the nature and location of the work being performed. As such term is used throughout this Registration Statement, “overhead” charges currently include, but are not limited to:
location costs: rent and other office costs, such as electricity, facilities services, catering charges and property taxes;
administrative costs: administrative personnel costs;
IT costs: information technology costs relating to hardware, software and technology costs of TPG’s infrastructure;
HR and recruiting costs: in-house human resource-related costs and expenses paid to third-party talent agencies for recruiting; and
research-related costs: research costs and other miscellaneous expenses associated with items such as subscriptions to trade journals and databases.
TPG reviews its overhead estimates on a periodic basis, typically annually. TPG may change its overhead methodology over time.
Travel Expense Reimbursements. As described above, the Fund reimburses TPG for Fund-related travel expenses of TPG’s personnel, including travel relating to the Fund’s organization, investment activities, investor conferences and Board of Directors meetings. Portfolio companies also often reimburse TPG for travel expenses, including travel relating to transactions, board service and other monitoring activities, and specialized operational services. Travel reimbursements currently include, but are not limited to, items such as:
hotel accommodations and other forms of lodging;
air and ground transportation;
meals; and
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incidental travel expenses.
TPG expects some of the Fund-related travel, and the reimbursements it receives, to include “business class,” “first class” or other forms of premium travel and accommodation. To the extent reimbursement is sought from the Fund or its portfolio companies for the cost of private air travel, TPG caps the requested reimbursement amount at the cost of a commercial airline ticket (including “first-class”), as determined by the General Partner in good faith and in accordance with TPG’s corporate travel policy, with the remaining cost borne by TPG, and not the Fund or the applicable portfolio company. In addition, TPG and its personnel receive personal benefits and perquisites arising from Fund-related and portfolio company-related travel, including special credits and discounts provided from service providers. For example, airline travel or hotel stays typically result in frequent flyer or loyalty “miles” or “points” for use by TPG and its personnel. These benefits will not be shared with the Fund or portfolio companies and will not offset the management fee.
Initial Fund Expenses Support
In addition to the Management Company’s advancement of Organizational and Offering Expenses (see “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Fund Expenses—Organizational and Offering Expenses”), the Management Company may, in its discretion, forgo all or a portion of its Management Fees and/or pay, absorb or advance certain expenses to be borne by the Fund (“Initial Fund Expense Support”) such that the Fund’s annualized “Specified Expenses” (as defined below) during the calendar month for which such Initial Fund Expense Support is made do not exceed a certain percentage (such percentage to be determined by the Management Company in its sole discretion at the time each Initial Fund Expense Support is made, the “Specified Expense Percentage”) of the Fund’s NAV as of the end of each applicable month. The Fund has agreed to reimburse the Management Company the amount of Initial Fund Expense Support made by the Management Company within three years from the end of the month in which such Initial Fund Expense Support was made, when and if requested by the Management Company, but only if and to the extent that Specified Expenses plus any reimbursement do not exceed the Specified Expense Percentage (which was determined by the Management Company at the time such Initial Fund Expense Support was initially made) of the Fund’s NAV at the end of the month for which the reimbursement is made.
The term “Specified Expenses” is defined to mean total expenses to be borne by the Fund including, for the avoidance of doubt, Organizational and Offering Expenses incurred after the first anniversary of the Initial Closing and expenses appropriately apportioned to the Fund relating to feeder funds, Parallel Investment Entities and/or Intermediate Entities to the extent not paid by such feeder funds, Parallel Investment Entities and/or Intermediate Entities, in each case as determined pursuant to the terms contained in this Registration Statement, the Partnership Agreements and the Management Agreement, but excluding (i) interest expenses, (ii) Servicing Fees, Management Fees, the Performance Participation Allocation, (iii) taxes, (iv) any fees, costs and other expenses related to Specialized Operational Services that are not allocated to or reimbursed by portfolio companies, (v) fees, costs and expenses payable to Y Analytics, (vi) Capital Markets Fees, (vii) costs and expenses (including any value added taxes or other sales taxes thereon) relating to Foreign Office Services, (viii) portfolio company level expenses, (ix) brokerage costs or other investment-related out-of-pocket expenses, including with respect to unconsummated transactions, (x) dividend payments (including any dividend payments, commitment fees, or other expenses related to any leverage incurred by the Fund) and (xi) extraordinary expenses (as determined in the sole discretion of the General Partner).
Indemnification
The Fund will be required to indemnify the General Partner, its affiliates, and each of their respective members, officers, directors, employees, agents, partners, and certain other persons who serve at the request of the General Partner on behalf of the Fund for liabilities incurred in connection with the affairs of the Fund. Members of the Board of Directors (including the Independent Directors) will also be entitled to the benefit of certain indemnification and exculpation provisions as set forth in the Partnership Agreements. Such liabilities may be material and have an adverse effect on the returns of the Limited Partners. For example, in their capacity as directors of portfolio companies, the partners, managers or affiliates of the General Partner may be subject to derivative or other similar claims brought by security holders of such entities. The indemnification obligation of the
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Fund would be payable from the assets of the Fund. Because the General Partner may cause the Fund to advance the costs and expenses of an indemnitee pending the outcome of the particular matter (including determination as to whether or not the person was entitled to indemnification or engaged in conduct that negated such person’s entitlement to indemnification), there may be periods in which the Fund advances expenses to an individual or entity not aligned with or adverse to the Fund. Moreover, in its capacity as General Partner of the Fund, the General Partner will, notwithstanding any actual or perceived conflict of interest, be the beneficiary of any decision by it to provide indemnification (including advancement of expenses). This may be the case even with respect to settlement of claims arising out of alleged conduct that would disqualify any such person from indemnification and exculpation if the General Partner (and/or its legal counsel) determined that such disqualifying conduct occurred.
Fees Paid by Holders of Certain Investor Units
Limited Partners (or their brokers on their behalf) may elect to purchase Investor Units and in connection therewith, by virtue of holding Class S Units, Class D Units, Class R-S Units or Class R-D Units bear a larger amount of fees than Limited Partners that are not holders of Class S Units, Class D Units, Class R-S Units or Class R-D Units for reporting, administrative and other services provided by such Limited Partner’s registered investment adviser, adviser representative or other financial intermediary. Some or all of (i) the Subscription Fee payable in respect of a holder of Class S Units, Class D Units, Class R-S Units or Class R-D Units’ investment and (ii) the Servicing Fee payable in respect of a holder of Class S Units, Class D Units, Class R-S Units or Class R-D Units’ investment may be allocated to the financial intermediary through which an underlying Limited Partner was placed and/or the financial intermediary which provides ongoing services to such underlying Limited Partner, in each case as determined by the Management Company in its sole discretion. Any amounts allocated in accordance with the foregoing sentence will compensate such representative for any placement, reporting, administrative and/or other services provided to an underlying Limited Partner by such financial intermediary. The receipt of the Subscription Fee or Servicing Fee by a Limited Partner’s financial intermediary will result in a conflict of interest. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Conflicts of Interest—Global Distribution” above.
Valuation Matters
The fair value of all the Fund’s investments will ultimately be determined by the General Partner with the assistance of the Management Company in accordance with the Fund’s organizational documents and Valuation Policy. It will, in certain circumstances, be the case that the NAV of a Fund investment for the purposes of the calculation of the Performance Participation Allocation may not reflect the price at which the investment is ultimately sold in the market, and the difference between the NAV of the investment for the purposes of the calculation of the Performance Participation Allocation and the ultimate sale price could be material. The valuation methodologies used to value the Fund’s investments will involve subjective judgments and projections and may, in certain circumstances, not be accurate. Valuation methodologies will also involve assumptions and opinions about future events, which may or may not turn out to be correct. Valuation methodologies may permit reliance on a prior period valuation of particular Fund investments. Ultimate realization of the value of an asset depends to a great extent on economic, market and other conditions beyond the General Partner’s or the Management Company’s control. There will be no retroactive adjustment in the valuation of any of the Fund’s investments, the offering price at which Units were purchased or sold by Limited Partners or repurchased by the Fund, as applicable, or the amount of the Fund’s fees and expenses to the extent any valuation proves to not accurately reflect the realizable value of an asset in the Fund. The valuation of the Fund’s investments will affect the amount and timing of the Performance Participation Allocation and the amount of the Management Fee and Maintenance Fee payable to the Management Company. The valuation of investments of other TPG funds will, in certain circumstances, affect the decision of potential Limited Partners to subscribe for Units. Similarly, the valuation of the Fund’s investments will, in certain circumstances, affect the ability of TPG to form and attract capital to other TPG funds. As a result, there may be circumstances in which the General Partner or the Management Company is incentivized to defer realization of the Fund’s investments, make more speculative investments, seek to deploy capital in investments at an accelerated pace, hold investments longer and/or the General Partner or the Management Company is incentivized to determine valuations that are higher than the actual fair value of such investments, which generally remains in the sole discretion of TPG. The General Partner and the Management Company may benefit from the Fund retaining ownership of its assets at times when Limited Partners may be better served by the sale or disposition of the Fund’s
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assets in order to avoid a reduction in its NAV. If the Fund’s NAV is calculated in a way that is not reflective of its actual NAV, then the purchase price of Units or the price paid for the repurchase of Units on a given date may not accurately reflect the value of the Fund’s portfolio, and such Units may be worth less than the purchase price or more than the repurchase price. In particular, given that the amount of the Fund’s fees will be dependent on the valuation of non-marketable securities, which will be determined by the General Partner with the assistance of the Management Company, the General Partner and the Management Company could be incentivized to value the securities higher than if the Fund’s fees were not based on the valuation of such securities. The foregoing conflicts arising from valuation matters will not necessarily be resolved in favor of the Fund, and Limited Partners may not be entitled to receive notice or disclosure of the occurrence of these conflicts (except as provided above). See “Item 9. Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Limited Partner Matters—Calculation of Net Asset Value” for more information.
Use of Leverage
TPG expects to utilize various forms of leverage in connection with the Fund’s investments and operations. The use of leverage creates the opportunity for greater total returns and allows TPG to better manage the Fund’s cash flows, but at the same time involves risks and potential conflicts of interest. TPG describes certain of the significant risks and conflicts below.
Borrowing By the Fund
TPG expects to cause the Fund to (including on a recourse or non-recourse basis and on a several, joint, joint and several basis, or other cross-collateralized basis) incur indebtedness for any purposes related to the Fund, including to:
pay Fund expenses (including the Management Fee, Maintenance Fee, and to reimburse the General Partner and Management Company for expenses incurred on the Fund’s behalf);
make or facilitate new or follow-on investments;
make payments under guarantee, surety or hedging transactions;
fund the payment of any withholding or other tax or governmental charge on behalf of or with respect to any Partner;
fund repurchases of Units; and
provide funds for distributions.
The Fund generally does not intend to incur indebtedness for borrowed money that would cause the Leverage Ratio (as defined below) to be in excess of 30% (the “Leverage Guideline”). Any indebtedness incurred at the investment level will be excluded in the calculation of the Leverage Guideline.
“Leverage Ratio” means, on any date of incurrence of any indebtedness for borrowed money, the quotient obtained by dividing (i) Aggregate Net Leverage (as defined below) by (ii) the aggregate month-end values of the Fund’s Investments, plus the value of any other assets (such as cash on hand), as determined in accordance with the Fund’s Valuation Policy (as defined below).
“Aggregate Net Leverage” means (i) the aggregate amount of recourse indebtedness for borrowed money (e.g., bank debt) of the Fund minus (ii) cash and cash equivalents of the Fund minus, without duplication, (iii) cash used in connection with funding a deposit in advance of the closing of an investment and working capital advances.
For purposes of determining Aggregate Net Leverage, the General Partner shall use the principal amount of borrowings, and not the valuations of the Fund’s borrowings, and may, in its sole discretion, determine which
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securities and other instruments are deemed to be cash equivalents. The Fund’s assets or any part thereof, including any accounts of the Fund, may be pledged in connection with any credit facilities or indebtedness. For the avoidance of doubt, the Leverage Guideline does not apply to guarantees of indebtedness, “bad boy” guarantees or other related liabilities that are not recourse indebtedness for borrowed money.
The Fund may, but is not obligated to, engage in hedging transactions for the purpose of efficient portfolio management. The General Partner and/or Management Company may review the hedging policy of the Fund from time to time depending on movements and projected movements of the relevant currencies and interest rates and the availability of cost-effective hedging instruments for the Fund at the relevant time.
Certain Risks and Costs of Borrowing
Leverage subjects the Fund and its Limited Partners to risks and costs. Borrowings and guarantees by the Fund may be deal-by-deal or on a portfolio basis, and may be on a joint, several, joint and several or cross-collateralized basis (which may be on an investment-by-investment or portfolio wide basis) with other TPG funds, joint venture partners and managers of such joint venture partners or any special purpose vehicles or other entities established by, in connection with, or alongside the Fund and/or any of the foregoing. Such arrangements will not necessarily impose joint and several obligations on such other vehicles that mirror the obligations of the Fund (e.g., the Fund may provide credit enhancement through recourse to assets outside of a loan pool, whereas other vehicles may not provide such enhancement). Such borrowings by the Fund will result in additional partnership expenses that will ultimately be borne by the Limited Partners. As described below, these expenses include interest on the amounts borrowed, unused commitment fees on the committed but unfunded portion of a credit facility, an upfront fee for establishing a credit facility and other one-time and recurring fees and/or expenses as well as legal fees relating to the establishment, structuring and negotiation of the terms of a credit facility, as well as expenses relating to the maintenance, renegotiating or terminating a credit facility. The interest expense of any such borrowings will generally be allocated among the Fund and such other vehicles or funds pro rata (and therefore indirectly to the Limited Partners pro rata) based on principal amount outstanding, but other fees and expenses, including upfront fees and origination costs, could be allocated by a different methodology, including entirely to the Fund. Furthermore, in the case of indebtedness on a joint and several or cross-collateralized basis, the Fund could be required to contribute amounts in excess of its pro rata share of the indebtedness, including additional capital to make up for any shortfall if the other joint and several obligors are unable to repay their pro rata share of such indebtedness. The Fund could lose its interests in performing investments in the event such performing investments are cross collateralized with poorly performing or non-performing investments of the Fund and such other vehicles. The Fund may also be obligated in some circumstances to reimburse co-investors for their losses resulting from cross-collateralization of their investments with assets of the Fund that are in default. Obligations of the Fund due to the cross-collateralization of obligations with other investment vehicles are permitted but not counted against the Fund’s Leverage Guideline. Borrowings under any such facilities (and expenses related thereto) may initially be made with respect to an investment opportunity based on preliminary allocations to the Fund and/or other TPG funds, and such preliminary allocations may be subject to change and may not take into account any excuse rights, investment limits, differences among the relevant entities and other considerations. Although TPG will seek to use leverage in a manner it believes is appropriate, the use of leverage involves a high degree of financial risk. TPG will have significant discretion in negotiating the terms of any leverage or credit facility and reserve the right to agree to terms that are not the most favorable to one or all Limited Partners.
Leverage and borrowing by the Fund involves a number of additional risks. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Risks Associated with Indebtedness” for information regarding these risks.
Credit Facility
After the Fund’s Initial Closing, TPG intends to cause the Fund to enter into one or more credit facilities as credit parties. The Fund may enter into and utilize one or more forms of leverage, including net asset value credit facilities. In the following discussion, TPG refers to these facilities collectively as the “credit facility.” TPG will determine, in its capacity as General Partner, the credit facility’s administrative agent, lenders and terms (and any
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amendment, extension, refinancing, replacement or termination of the credit facility) without seeking the consent of the Limited Partners or the approval of the Independent Directors.
The credit facility will allow revolving borrowings up to a specified principal amount that will be determined based in part on the Fund’s total assets and the lenders’ assessment of the Fund’s creditworthiness. Generally, TPG expects the credit facility to provide for a specified maturity date, but the lenders will have the ability to demand early repayment in the event of a default. The Fund will pay interest on amounts borrowed under the credit facility and will also pay a fee on the undrawn portion of the credit facility. TPG further expects the Fund to pay a one-time fee for establishing the credit facility as well as certain other one-time and recurring fees and/or expenses. Any such borrowing may remain outstanding for such time as the General Partner deems appropriate, potentially including through disposition of certain investments.
Amounts borrowed under the credit facility could be secured by the Fund’s investments. Any Limited Partner claim against the Fund would likely be subordinate to the Fund’s obligations to the creditors under the credit facility. The Fund’s reporting required by the Exchange Act will disclose how much is outstanding under the credit facility as of the end of the period.
The Fund is expected to utilize leverage at the level of one or more portfolio companies or special purpose vehicles formed to invest in or hold one or more portfolio companies, including the incurrence of debt under an asset-based financing or asset-backed or “NAV” facility. These other forms of financing are not restricted by the Partnership Agreements and there are no limitations (whether as to time or amount) on these other forms of financings.
Portfolio Company Leverage
The Fund is expected to invest in portfolio companies whose capital structures have significant leverage. This will increase such portfolio companies’ exposure to adverse economic factors such as rising interest rates, downturns in the economy or deteriorations in the condition of the portfolio companies or their industries. The incurrence of significant indebtedness could also subject portfolio companies to restrictive covenants, terms and conditions, the violation of which would be viewed by creditors as an event of default and which could require the prepayment of debt using excess cash flow. Any such restrictive covenants, terms and conditions could also limit such portfolio companies’ ability to respond to changing industry conditions, make necessary capital expenditures, obtain additional financing, take advantage of growth opportunities or engage in strategic acquisitions.
Special Purpose Vehicle Leverage
A special purpose vehicle TPG forms to hold one or more investments may also engage in borrowing. For example, special purpose vehicles could enter into “NAV” facilities or asset-backed loan arrangements, including a “margin loan,” whereby they borrow money from a bank and pledge the interests in one or more portfolio companies (or other assets) as collateral for the loan, including on a cross-collateralized basis. The special purpose vehicles could then use the loan proceeds for a variety of purposes, including to make investments (including follow-ons in the portfolio companies subject to the loan arrangement or new and unrelated investments), to pay expenses or to distribute the proceeds to the Fund for further distribution to the Partners. Under these arrangements, the special purpose vehicle would typically be subject to a margin call if the value of the underlying assets decreases significantly. In order to meet the margin call, the special purpose vehicle will need additional assets to avoid foreclosure, in which case the Fund could decide to contribute additional capital to the special purpose vehicle to avoid adverse consequences to the investment(s), including foreclosure on the collateral at a lower valuation. This type of leverage may be incurred by a single special purpose vehicle or by multiple vehicles, and may be collateralized by a single investment or multiple Fund investments. Similarly, special purpose vehicles that hold one or more investments (including all of the Fund’s investments) may issue preferred equity or other equity- or debt-like instruments to third parties that have many characteristics of leverage, and use the proceeds thereof for similar purposes. Borrowing pursuant to any such special purpose vehicle financing arrangement, except to the extent such borrowings are directly recourse to the Fund in the ordinary course, would not constitute indebtedness of the Fund for purposes of applying the Leverage Guideline. In connection with such transactions, the General Partner has
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authority to pledge all or certain of the Fund’s portfolio companies, including on a cross-collateralized basis. Due to the highly collateralized nature of these arrangements, the negative performance of one asset may materially and adversely impact the performance of other investments or the Fund as a whole. Lenders may also foreclose on the relevant assets in the event of default, which could have a material adverse effect on the value of a Limited Partner’s investment in the Fund.
Fund Guarantees
In addition to borrowing by the Fund, TPG expects the Fund to act as guarantor or surety when TPG considers it necessary, appropriate or incidental to the accomplishment of the purposes of the Fund. A Fund guarantee is sometimes beneficial for increasing the availability, type or amount of financing for the borrower or allowing the borrower to negotiate more favorable terms from the lenders. Some examples of how TPG expects to use the Fund guarantees, or other forms of the Fund surety, with respect to the indebtedness of other entities include:
Portfolio company indebtedness: As described above, portfolio companies will incur indebtedness. The Fund could provide a guarantee of the indebtedness of one or more portfolio companies.
Asset-based loans: Special purpose vehicles TPG forms to hold one or more investments could incur indebtedness, which may include pledging its investments as collateral for the loan. The Fund could provide a guarantee of this indebtedness.
Often these arrangements are put in place concurrently with the closing of the applicable the Fund investment and can help finance the Fund’s payment of the purchase price of such investment. Other times, these arrangements can be put in place after the investment(s) have been made, often after they have appreciated in value.
While these arrangements present many of the same risks and conflicts associated with borrowings by the Fund, these guarantees and the underlying indebtedness are not subject to the Leverage Guideline.
Other Fund Contractual Obligations
In connection with its investing activities, the Fund is permitted to enter into contractual arrangements, including deferred or contingent purchase price payments, staged funding obligations, earn outs, milestone payments or other phased payments or similar arrangements, intercompany loans, equity commitment letters, equity backstop or similar limited guarantees of obligations of any subsidiary and various other forms of credit support, and other contractual undertakings such as indemnification obligations or “bad-boy” guarantees and non-recourse guarantees, completion, lease-up, carry, interest rate or similar guarantees or other industry accepted carve outs with respect to indebtedness (including misapplication of funds, bankruptcy and environmental indemnities) or surety bonds, in each case that obligate the Fund to fund amounts to portfolio companies, special purpose vehicles or other third parties, or any similar arrangements. These arrangements, as well as various other borrowings and other contingent obligations, do not constitute indebtedness under the Leverage Guideline, even though these arrangements pose many of the same risks and conflicts associated with the use of leverage that the caps and other restrictions intend to address.
Interpreting the Borrowing and Guarantee Provisions
Leverage arrangements are complex, often involving detailed, multi-party agreements. Moreover, leverage structures available to the Fund, its portfolio companies and related entities will evolve over time, driven by market developments, economic conditions, the Fund’s portfolio of investments, and other factors. From time to time, TPG will need to make a determination whether under the Leverage Guideline each particular leverage structure constitutes borrowing by the Fund, the Fund guarantee of borrowed money, some combination of both, or neither. TPG will make this determination in its discretion and will determine the treatment of each arrangement under the Leverage Guideline in good faith based on its specific terms and structure, in consultation with external legal counsel where appropriate. While TPG seeks to apply a generally consistent framework and approach, the facts and circumstances applicable to each situation are unique and will be determinative.
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In addition, leverage arrangements, including borrowing by the Fund and guarantees, “NAV” facilities and other asset-based financings, could have other implications under the Partnership Agreements, and TPG will have the discretion to determine the treatment of such leverage at or below the Fund for various purposes, including the calculation of the Management Fee, Maintenance Fee and Performance Participation Allocation. This is expected to give rise to conflicts of interest. For example, if the Fund (or a special purpose vehicle or other subsidiary of the Fund) enters into an asset-based facility or similar financing that is cross-collateralized across multiple investments of the Fund, TPG will exercise discretion in determining the allocation and treatment of the costs and benefits of such leverage among the relevant investments. In addition, TPG will be entitled to make determinations that impact the calculation of the Management Fee, the Maintenance Fee and the Performance Participation Allocation. For example, allocating leverage proceeds or costs to a particular investment (or investments) can result in earlier or greater amounts of Performance Participation Allocation and/or greater Management Fee and Maintenance Fee than if a different allocation were determined. In addition, in the event of a default under any such leverage arrangement or facility, where the lender forecloses on the pledged assets or exercises other rights with respect thereto, TPG expects to need to determine how to allocate the resulting losses or other impairments among the relevant investments, which will impact calculations of the Management Fee, Maintenance Fee and Performance Participation Allocation. The General Partner will make these allocations and determinations in its discretion, and does not need to make such allocations on a pro rata basis among the cross-collateralized assets. For additional information, see “Item 1. Business—Management Fee” and “—Performance Participation Allocation.”
Cross-Default
The Fund can borrow (or cause its subsidiaries to borrow) on a joint, several, joint and several, cross-collateralized, cross-defaulted or on any other basis that the General Partner determines is fair and reasonable to the Fund with related vehicles, including any Parallel Investment Entities, special purpose vehicles and vehicles formed to facilitate co-investment, including by TPG employees and affiliated personnel. The Fund and these vehicles can engage in fund- or asset-level financing whereby (i) the Fund and/or such vehicles are jointly responsible on a cross-collateralized basis for the repayment of the financing and/or (ii) the assets of the Fund and/or such vehicles are pledged to secure the financing obtained for the benefit of such other vehicles. While TPG intends for the Fund, where appropriate, to enter into back-to-back agreements with related vehicles in respect of certain types of credit support, or otherwise seek to cause such related vehicles to act in a manner as if such a back-to-back agreement were in place, the Fund would still be subject to the risk of default by such other vehicles. TPG intends to enforce these arrangements for the benefit of the Fund’s Limited Partners, but TPG may not always be able to do so (including if a related vehicle defaults on its obligations to the Fund).
In addition, to the extent multiple assets or investments are pledged to support a single borrowing, whether or not that borrowing constitutes borrowing by the Fund, multiple assets of the Fund will be at risk. As a result, negative performance of a single asset may materially and adversely impact the performance of other Fund investments or the Fund as a whole.
The Fund could utilize its credit facility and enter into other similar arrangements and extensions of credit for the benefit of co-investors (including affiliated co-investors) that invest alongside the Fund in one or more investments. For example, the Fund could draw from a credit facility to fund such co-investor’s pro rata share of an investment or expense related to an investment. TPG has an incentive to cause such co-investment vehicles to engage in these or similar cross-collateralized arrangements, because the commercial terms available to such vehicles would typically be better than those available on a standalone basis.
Similarly, to the extent the Fund and other TPG funds or vehicles invest in the same or related assets, TPG reserves the right to structure the investment financing so that the Fund is jointly and severally liable for the financing with the other TPG funds or vehicles. TPG expects this to arise, for example, if the Fund and another TPG fund were to participate in the same portfolio company and provide a joint and several guarantee for its indebtedness. Joint and several liability could result in the Fund repaying all, or more than its proportionate share, of the indebtedness, exacerbating some of the risks and conflicts described above.
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In addition, the Fund is permitted to utilize indebtedness to pay for deposits or other investment expenses and costs in advance of the final determination of the investment allocations among the Fund, other TPG funds and co-investors (including affiliated co-investors). In such a circumstance, the Fund would be subject to risk of default by the other party. Similarly, the Fund is permitted to utilize indebtedness for purposes of warehousing co-investment opportunities. As described in “Allocation of Co-Investment Opportunities,” this presents additional risks and conflicts of interest.
Tax Effects
TPG expects the Fund to borrow funds, directly or indirectly, including to make investments in portfolio companies. To the extent the Fund borrows or is deemed to borrow for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it may hold debt-financed property that may produce UBTI for a tax-exempt Limited Partner. In addition, to the extent the Fund guarantees the borrowing of a portfolio company, the provision of such guarantee and the receipt (or deemed receipt) of guarantee fees may create additional risk of UBTI for tax-exempt Limited Partners. Prospective Limited Partners that are U.S. tax-exempt investors should review Appendix A.Certain U.S. Tax Considerations—Tax-Exempt Investors” and consult their own tax advisors regarding the possible U.S. federal income tax impact of any Fund-related borrowing or financing with respect to their investment in the Fund. A Fund guarantee of portfolio company borrowing may also, in certain cases, create the risk of adverse tax consequences for non-U.S. Limited Partners. For example, the IRS could assert that any compensation received by the Fund for such guarantees should be treated as ECI or commercial activities income, each as defined for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or be subject to withholding taxes. The General Partner intends to evaluate the facts and circumstances of any such guarantees in order to mitigate the risks associated with such structures.
ITEM 2.    FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
The Registrant was organized on August 30, 2024 as a limited partnership under the laws of the State of Delaware. The Registrant is a private fund exempt from registration under Section 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act.
Revenues
The Fund plans to generate revenues primarily from its Equity Investments, including dividends, distributions and capital appreciation on its Equity Investments. To a lesser extent, the Fund also plans to generate revenue in the form of interest income from the Fund’s investments in Debt and Other Securities, which may be used to generate income, facilitate capital deployment and provide a potential source of liquidity.
Expenses
Management Fee
For a discussion of the compensation of the Management Company, see “Item 1. Business—Compensation of the Management Company” above.
Maintenance Fee
For a discussion of the Maintenance Fee to the Management Company, see “Item 1. Business—Compensation of the Management Company” above.
Subscription Fees
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Certain financial intermediaries may charge Limited Partners Subscription Fees of up to (i) 3.5% of NAV on Class S Units and Class R-S Units and (ii) 1.5% of NAV on Class D Units and Class R-D Units sold in the offering. In certain circumstances, the Subscription Fees may be paid to the Dealer Manager, and reallocated, in whole or in part, to the financial intermediary that placed the Limited Partners into the Fund. No Subscription Fees will be paid or payable with respect to Class I Units, Class R-I Units, Class F Units or any Units issued pursuant to the Fund’s distribution reinvestment plan. For the avoidance of doubt, Subscription Fees shall be paid by the applicable Limited Partners outside of their investments in the Fund and will not impact the Fund’s NAV.
Servicing Fee
Class S Units and Class R-S Units will each bear a servicing fee (each, a “Servicing Fee”) in an amount equal to (on an annualized basis) 0.85% of the NAV of such Class of Units as of the last day of each month. Class D Units and Class R-D Units will each bear a Servicing Fee in an amount equal to (on an annualized basis) 0.25% of the NAV of such Class of Units as of the last day of each month. In calculating the Servicing Fee, TPG will use the Fund’s NAV before giving effect to any accruals for the Servicing Fee, repurchases for that month, if any, and distributions payable on the Registrant’s Units. For the avoidance of doubt, the Servicing Fee will be payable by the Fund and Limited Partners will not be billed separately. The Servicing Fee will be payable to the Dealer Manager, but the Dealer Manager anticipates that all or a portion of the Servicing Fee will be retained by, or reallocated (paid) to, participating brokers or other financial intermediaries. Any amounts allocated in accordance with the foregoing sentence will compensate such participating brokers or other financial intermediaries for reporting, administrative and other services provided to a Limited Partner by such participating brokers or other financial intermediaries, as applicable. No Servicing Fee will be payable with respect to Class I Units, Class R-I Units or Class F Units.
Performance Participation Allocation
The General Partner shall be entitled to the Performance Participation Allocation from the Fund (directly or indirectly through an Intermediate Entity), equal to 12.5% of Total Return attributable to Investor Units subject to a 5% annual Hurdle Amount and a High Water Mark with a 100% Catch-Up (each as defined below). Such allocation will be measured on a calendar-year basis and will be distributed or allocated annually and accrued monthly (subject to pro-rating for partial periods). The Registrant, Feeder TE, any feeder funds and each Parallel Investment Entity (if any) will each be obligated to bear (without duplication) its proportional share of the Performance Participation Allocation based on its proportional interest in the Aggregator.
Specifically, the General Partner is allocated a Performance Participation Allocation in an amount equal to:
First, if the Total Return attributable to Investor Units for the applicable period exceeds the sum of (i) the Hurdle Amount for that period and (ii) the Loss Carryforward Amount (as defined below) (any such excess, “Excess Profits”), 100% of such Excess Profits until the total amount allocated to the General Partner equals 12.5% of the sum of (x) the Hurdle Amount for that period and (y) any amount allocated to the General Partner pursuant to this clause (this is commonly referred to as a “Catch-Up”); and
Second, to the extent there are remaining Excess Profits, 12.5% of such remaining Excess Profits.
The General Partner will also be allocated a Performance Participation Allocation with respect to all Investor Units that are repurchased in connection with repurchases of Investor Units in an amount calculated as described above with the relevant period being the portion of the Reference Period (as defined below) for which such Investor Unit was outstanding, and proceeds for any such Investor Unit repurchase will be reduced by the amount of any such Performance Participation Allocation.
The General Partner may elect to receive the Performance Participation Allocation in cash, Units of the Fund or any Parallel Investment Entity and/or shares, units or interests (as applicable) of Intermediate Entities. Such Units may be repurchased at the General Partner’s request and will be subject to the volume limitations of the Repurchase Program but not the Early Repurchase Deduction.
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Total Return” for any period since the end of the prior Reference Period (as defined below) shall equal the sum of:
(i)all distributions accrued or paid (without duplication) on Investor Units of the Aggregator outstanding at the end of such period since the beginning of the then-current Reference Period plus
(ii)the change in aggregate NAV of such Investor Units of the Aggregator since the beginning of the Reference Period, before giving effect to (x) changes resulting solely from the proceeds of issuances of Investor Units of the Aggregator, (y) any allocation or accrual to the Performance Participation Allocation and (z) applicable Servicing Fees minus
(iii)all Fund expenses (to the extent not already reflected in clause (ii)) but excluding Servicing Fees; provided, that the aggregate NAV of such Investor Units shall be calculated without taking into account any accrued and unpaid taxes of any Intermediate Entity (or the receipts of such Intermediate Entity) through which the Fund indirectly invests in an Investment or any comparable entities of any other TPG fund, or taxes paid by any such entity since the end of the prior Reference Period.
For the avoidance of doubt, the calculation of Total Return will (i) include any appreciation or depreciation in the NAV of Investor Units of the Aggregator issued during the then-current Reference Period, (ii) treat certain taxes incurred (directly or indirectly) by the Fund which relate to a Limited Partner as part of the distributions accrued or paid on Investor Units and (iii) exclude the proceeds from the initial issuance of such Investor Units of the Aggregator.
Hurdle Amount” for any period during a Reference Period means that amount that results in a 5% annualized internal rate of return on the NAV of Investor Units of the Aggregator outstanding at the beginning of the then-current Reference Period and all Investor Units of the Aggregator issued since the beginning of the then-current Reference Period, calculated in accordance with recognized industry practices and taking into account: (i) the timing and amount of all distributions accrued or paid (without duplication) on all such Investor Units; and (ii) all issuances of Investor Units of the Aggregator over the period. The ending NAV of Investor Units of the Aggregator used in calculating internal rate of return will be calculated before giving effect to any allocation or accrual to the Performance Participation Allocation and any applicable Servicing Fees and without taking into account any accrued and unpaid taxes of any Intermediate Entity (or the receipts of such Intermediate Entity) through which the Fund indirectly invests in an Investment or any comparable entities of any other TPG fund, or taxes paid by any such entity since the end of the prior Reference Period. For the avoidance of doubt, the calculation of the Hurdle Amount for any period will exclude any Investor Units of the Aggregator repurchased during such period, which Investor Units will be subject to the Performance Participation Allocation upon repurchase as described above.
Except as described in “Loss Carryforward Amount” below, any amount by which Total Return falls below the Hurdle Amount will not be carried forward to subsequent periods.
The General Partner will not be obligated to return any portion of the Performance Participation Allocation distributed or allocated due to the subsequent performance of the Fund.
For the avoidance of doubt and notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, (I) the Performance Participation Allocation shall be calculated separately with respect to each Class taking into account expenses that are attributable to such Class (and all references herein to the Performance Participation Allocation and the terms used for purposes of calculating the Performance Participation Allocation shall be interpreted accordingly), and (II) the General Partner shall not be entitled to the Performance Participation Allocation with respect to the Class F Units. The General Partner shall be permitted to make adjustments to distributions, allocations and other fundings, payments or calculations in order to give effect to the foregoing.
Reference Period” means the applicable year ending December 31.
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Loss Carryforward Amount” shall initially equal zero and shall cumulatively increase by the absolute value of any negative annual Total Return and decrease by any positive annual Total Return; provided, that the Loss Carryforward Amount shall at no time be less than zero and provided, further, that the calculation of the Loss Carryforward Amount will exclude the Total Return related to any Investor Units of the Aggregator repurchased during such year, which Investor Units will be subject to the Performance Participation Allocation upon repurchase as described above. The effect of the Loss Carryforward Amount is that the recoupment of past annual Total Return losses will offset the positive annual Total Return for purposes of the calculation of the Performance Participation Allocation. This is referred to as a “High Water Mark.”
The General Partner may receive a cash advance against allocations or distributions of the Performance Participation Allocation to the General Partner to the extent that annual distributions of the Performance Participation Allocation actually received by the General Partner are not sufficient for the General Partner or any of its beneficial owners (whether such interests are held directly or indirectly) to pay when due any income tax (including estimated income tax) imposed on it or them by reason of the allocation to the General Partner of taxable income in respect of the Performance Participation Allocation (including, for the avoidance of doubt, allocations to the General Partner of taxable income with respect to Units issued to them) or such distributions of the Performance Participation Allocation, calculated using the applicable Notional Rate (as defined in the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement). Amounts of the Performance Participation Allocation otherwise to be allocated or distributed to the General Partner (including distributions in kind) shall be reduced on a dollar-for-dollar basis by the amount of any prior advances made to the General Partner until all such advances are restored to the Fund in full.
Organizational and Offering Expenses
The Management Company has agreed to advance all of the Fund’s organizational and offering expenses on the Fund’s behalf (including legal, accounting, advertising, printing, mailing, subscription processing and filing fees and expenses, expenses relating to any written agreements between the General Partner or the Fund and Limited Partners, due diligence expenses of participating placement agents or financial intermediaries supported by detailed and itemized invoices, costs in connection with preparing, updating and distributing sales and offering materials, design, website and other technology and electronic-media related expenses, fees and expenses of each entity (including, as applicable, transfer agent, administrator and depository fees, fees paid to public relations firms, fees to attend seminars and conferences sponsored by participating broker-dealers or the Fund and reimbursements for customary travel, lodging, entertainment and meals and including all similar organizational and offering expenses of feeder funds, Parallel Investment Entities and/or Intermediate Entities primarily organized to invest in the Fund to the extent not paid by such feeder funds, Parallel Investment Entities and/or Intermediate Entities or their investors, but excluding Subscription Fees and the Servicing Fee)) (collectively, “Organizational and Offering Expenses”) through the first anniversary of the Initial Closing. The Fund will reimburse the Management Company for all such advanced Organizational and Offering Expenses within 12 months following the first anniversary of the Initial Closing. Such advanced Organizational and Offering Expenses may be amortized, in the General Partner’s sole and absolute discretion, for up to a 60-month period beginning from the first anniversary of the Initial Closing for purposes of calculating the Fund’s NAV, although U.S. generally accepted accounting principles require organizational expenses to be expensed when incurred. See “Item 9. Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Limited Partner Matters—Liabilities” for more information regarding the impact of Organizational and Offering Expenses on the Fund’s NAV. The Management Company will determine what Organizational and Offering Expenses are attributable to the Fund, in its sole discretion.
After the first anniversary of the Initial Closing, the Fund will reimburse the Management Company for any Organizational and Offering Expenses that it has incurred on each entity’s behalf as and when incurred.
Fund Expenses and Initial Fund Expenses Support
The Fund will bear all expenses relating to its activities, operations, meetings and liquidation (if applicable), including, but not limited to (a) the Management Fee and Maintenance Fee paid to the Management Company, expenses incurred in connection with pursuing Investments (whether or not consummated and including expenses relating to unconsummated Investments and co-investments that may have been allocable to co-investors
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had such transactions been consummated) and sourcing, negotiating, valuing, evaluating, making, financing (including providing guarantees and other credit support), refinancing, holding, developing, operating, trading, hedging, managing, monitoring, restructuring, servicing, collecting on, disposing of and otherwise realizing Investments; fees, costs and expenses related to organization, operation, administration, meetings, restructuring, dissolution, winding-up, termination and liquidation of any subsidiaries, holding companies and special purpose vehicles; audit, accounting, legal, reporting, brokerage, insurance, indemnification, travel, litigation, sourcing persons, distributor, intermediary, investment bankers, lender, rating agencies, valuation firm, tax professional and custodian expenses; expenses relating to compliance with regulatory requirements applicable to the Fund; all fees, costs and other expenses relating to the implementation of and compliance with legal, regulatory, environmental, social, governance and other similar standards and commitments applicable to the Fund, its investments and potential investments, including Portfolio Compliance; fees, costs and expenses incurred in connection with assessing the climate, societal or other impact or similar considerations relating to Investments and potential Investments, including, without limitation, the diligence, monitoring and reporting of climate, societal or other impact or similar considerations for Investments and potential Investments (including fees, costs and expenses payable to Y Analytics (a public benefit company, which is currently controlled by TPG) and similar impact consultants); software and development costs; expenses relating to meetings of the Partners and the Board of Directors, including travel expenses; taxes, fees and other governmental charges levied against the Fund or its subsidiaries; any costs and expenses incurred by the General Partner, the Management Company or their respective personnel, or personnel of portfolio companies with respect to conferences, training programs and similar meetings; the fees, costs and expenses related to exploring, evaluating, structuring, negotiating and/or consummating any potential liquidity, including any costs related to offering or otherwise making available any of the foregoing to one or more Limited Partners (including any costs related to initial set-up, ongoing subscriptions, compliance, tax analysis or maintenance of secondary matching programs or qualified matching services).
If the Fund (or any Feeder Funds, Parallel Investment Entities and/or Intermediate Entities) invests alongside or in any other TPG fund, any expenses that are payable in accordance with the governing terms of such other TPG fund shall be deemed payable by the Fund (or any Feeder Funds, Parallel Investment Entities or Intermediate Entities) (with respect to the Fund’s (and/or any Feeder Funds’, Parallel Investment Entities’ and/or Intermediate Entities’) allocable portion of such expenses.
The Fund will also bear the fees, costs and other expenses related to certain in-house legal, regulatory, tax, finance and accounting, information technology, fund administration and similar services (including, for the avoidance of doubt, oversight of third-party service providers and Portfolio Compliance) provided by the Management Company or its affiliates (including an allocable portion of personnel and related overhead expenses), so long as (i) the fees, costs and other expenses of such services would be Fund expenses if the services were provided by third-party service providers, (ii) the General Partner reasonably believes that it is in the Fund’s best interest to have such services performed in-house and (iii) the cost of providing such services in-house are within a range of the amounts that would be charged if such services were provided by third parties on arm’s-length terms.
Non-U.S. vehicles and other portfolio companies of the Fund may receive operational, investment monitoring and risk management, director (or analogous function), entity administration, legal, regulatory, tax, accounting and similar services from TPG’s Luxembourg, Singapore and other non-U.S. offices (if applicable) (such services provided by such non-U.S. offices, “Foreign Office Services”). Each non-U.S. vehicle of the Fund (or any Parallel Investment Entity) and each other portfolio company receiving Foreign Office Services will reimburse the relevant affiliates of the Management Company for its allocable share of the expenses incurred by such affiliates in providing Foreign Office Services to it (including any value added taxes or other sales taxes thereon), so long as the cost of providing such services is less than it would be if such services were provided by third parties on arm’s-length terms. These reimbursements will not constitute “Portfolio Fees” and will not be shared with the Fund or reduce the Management Fee payable by the Fund.
The aggregate amount of Fund expenses arising from services performed by the General Partner or its affiliates will be included in the Fund’s annual and quarterly reports under the Exchange Act.
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In addition to the advancement of Organizational and Offering Expenses described above in “—Organizational and Offering Expenses,” the Management Company may, in its discretion, forgo all or a portion of its Management Fees and/or pay, absorb or advance certain expenses to be borne by the Fund (“Initial Fund Expense Support”) such that the Fund’s annualized “Specified Expenses” (as defined below) during the calendar month for which such Initial Fund Expense Support is made do not exceed a certain percentage (such percentage to be determined by the Management Company in its sole discretion at the time each Initial Fund Expense Support is made, the “Specified Expense Percentage”) of the Fund’s NAV as of the end of each applicable month. The Fund has agreed to reimburse the Management Company the amount of Initial Fund Expense Support made by the Management Company within three years from the end of the month in which such Initial Fund Expense Support was made, when and if requested by the Management Company, but only if and to the extent that Specified Expenses plus any reimbursement do not exceed the Specified Expense Percentage (which was determined by the Management Company at the time such Initial Fund Expense Support was initially made) of the Fund’s NAV at the end of the month for which the reimbursement is made.
The term “Specified Expenses” is defined to mean total expenses to be borne by the Fund including, for the avoidance of doubt, Organizational and Offering Expenses incurred after the first anniversary of the Initial Closing and expenses appropriately apportioned to the Fund relating to feeder funds, Parallel Investment Entities and/or Intermediate Entities to the extent not paid by such feeder funds, Parallel Investment Entities and/or Intermediate Entities, in each case as determined pursuant to the terms contained in this Registration Statement, the Partnership Agreements and the Management Agreement, but excluding (i) interest expenses, (ii) Servicing Fees, Management Fees, the Performance Participation Allocation, (iii) taxes, (iv) any fees, costs and other expenses related to Specialized Operational Services that are not allocated to or reimbursed by portfolio companies, (v) fees, costs and expenses payable to Y Analytics, (vi) Capital Markets Fees, (vii) costs and expenses (including any value added taxes or other sales taxes thereon) relating to Foreign Office Services, (viii) portfolio company level expenses, (ix) brokerage costs or other investment-related out-of-pocket expenses, including with respect to unconsummated transactions, (x) dividend payments (including any dividend payments, commitment fees, or other expenses related to any leverage incurred by the Fund), and (xi) extraordinary expenses (as determined in the sole discretion of the General Partner).
Derivatives
The General Partner qualifies for the exemption under CFTC Rule 4.13(a)(3) (and, correlatively, the exemption under CFTC Rule 4.14(a)(5)) with respect to each Partnership on the basis that (i) Units in each Partnership are exempt from registration under the 1933 Act and are offered and sold without marketing to the public in the United States, (ii) participation in each Partnership is limited to “accredited investors” (as defined in Regulation D under the 1933 Act) and “qualified purchasers” (as defined in the Investment Company Act) and (iii) each Partnership’s direct or indirect investments in Commodity Interests are limited such that either (A) the aggregate initial margin, premiums and, for retail foreign exchange transactions (as defined in 17 CFR 5.1(m)), the required minimum security deposit, required to establish such Commodity Interest positions, determined at the time the most recent Commodity Interest position is established, will not exceed, for each Partnership, 5% of the liquidation value of such Partnership’s portfolio or (B) the aggregate net notional value of such Commodity Interest positions, determined at the time the most recent Commodity Interest position is established, will not exceed 100% of the liquidation value of such Partnership’s portfolio, in each case after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions.
Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Fund has not yet commenced commercial activities. On [    ], 2024, [an affiliate of the Management Company] purchased [    ] Units of the Fund at a price of $25.00 per Unit as the Fund’s initial capital. As of [    ], 2024, [an affiliate of the Management Company] was the Fund’s only investor.
The Fund expects to generate cash primarily from (i) the net proceeds of its continuous private offering, (ii) cash flows from its operations, (iii) any financing arrangements the Fund may enter into in the future and (iv) any future offerings of its equity or debt securities.
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The Fund’s primary use of cash will be for (i) Investments, (ii) the cost of operations (including the Management Fee, Maintenance Fee and Performance Participation Allocation), (iii) debt service of any borrowings, (iv) periodic repurchases, including under the Repurchase Program (as described herein), and (v) cash distributions (if any) to the holders of its Units to the extent declared by the General Partner.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The Fund will be subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. The Fund plans to invest primarily in Equity Investments. Most of the Fund’s investments will not have a readily available market price, and the Fund will value these investments at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures adopted by, and under the oversight of, the Board in accordance with the Fund’s valuation policy. There is no single standard for determining fair value in good faith. As a result, determining fair value requires that judgment be applied to the specific facts and circumstances of each portfolio investment while employing a consistently applied valuation process for the types of investments the Fund makes. See “Item 9. Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Limited Partner Matters—Calculation of Net Asset Value.”
Related Parties
See “Item 7. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence” for a description of certain transactions and relationships with related parties.
ITEM 3.    PROPERTIES
The Fund’s corporate headquarters are located at 301 Commerce Street, Suite 3300, Fort Worth, TX 76102, and are provided by the General Partner and Management Company. The Fund believes that its office facilities are suitable and adequate for its business as it is contemplated to be conducted.
ITEM 4.    SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table sets out certain ownership information with respect to the Registrant’s Units for each of its directors and executive officers and all directors and officers as a group. None of the Classes of Units have voting power.
Name and AddressType of OwnershipShares OwnedPercentage
Todd Sisitsky(1)
N/A00
Jack Weingart(1)
N/A00
Katherine Wood(1)
N/A00
Matt Jones(1)
N/A00
Matt White(1)
N/A00
Ayanna Clunis(1)
N/A00
Jenny B. Neslin(1)
N/A00
All current directors and executive officers as a group (7 persons)
N/A00
(1)    The address for each of the Registrant’s directors and officers is c/o T-POP Management Company, LLC, 301 Commerce Street, Suite 3300, Fort Worth, TX 76102.
ITEM 5.    DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Overall responsibility for T-POP’s oversight rests with the General Partner, subject to certain oversight rights held by the Registrant’s Board of Directors. The General Partner will appoint members to the Board of Directors, including Independent Directors. The Board of Directors holds certain oversight rights, including with respect to particular conflicts of interest, as outlined herein and in the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement.
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Approval of the Independent Directors will also be required for (i) the suspension of (x) the calculation of the NAV of the Units, (y) the offering or (z) the Repurchase Program, (ii) any material modification to (x) the Valuation Policy and (y) the Repurchase Program and (iii) the fair valuation of any Equity Investment that the General Partner has determined to value outside of the applicable range provided by T-POP’s independent valuation advisor.
Board of Directors and Executive Officers
Information regarding the Board of Directors and executive officers are set forth below:
NameAge*PositionPosition
Held
Since
[ ]
[ ]Independent Director2024
[ ]
[ ]Independent Director2024
Todd Sisitsky
53Chairperson2024
Jack Weingart
58Chief Executive Officer, Director2024
Katherine Wood
40Co-President 2024
Matt Jones
47Co-President2024
Matt White
41Chief Financial Officer2024
Ayanna Clunis
51Chief Operating Officer2024
Jenny B. Neslin
42General Counsel2024
*    As of December 30, 2024
Each director will hold office until his or her death, resignation, removal or disqualification. The address for each of the Registrant’s directors is c/o T-POP Management Company LLC, 301 Commerce Street, Suite 3300, Fort Worth, TX 76102.
Each officer holds office at the pleasure of the General Partner until his or her successor is duly appointed and qualified.
Biographical Information
Directors
The Registrant’s directors have been divided into two groups — non-Independent Directors and Independent Directors.
Non-Independent Directors
Todd Sisitsky - Mr. Sisitsky is a Partner and the President of TPG. He is a member of TPG’s Board of Directors and co-chairs the firm’s management committee. Mr. Sisitsky co-leads TPG’s investment activities in the healthcare services, pharmaceuticals and medical product sectors, and previously served as Co-Managing Partner of TPG Capital, TPG’s scale private equity business in the United States and Europe from 2015 to 2024. He has played leadership roles in connection with TPG’s investments in Allogene Therapeutics, Adare Pharmaceuticals, Aptalis, Biomet, Ellodi Pharmaceuticals, Fenwal, Healthscope, Immucor, IQVIA Holdings, Inc. (and predecessor companies IMS Health and Quintiles), Monogram Health, Par Pharmaceutical and Surgical Care Affiliates. Mr. Sisitsky currently serves on the public company board of directors of IQVIA Holdings, Inc. and Allogene Therapeutics, Inc. and has, within the last five years, served on the boards of Convey Health Solutions, Inc. and Endo International plc. He also serves on the private company board of directors of Confluent Medical
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Technologies, Convey Health Solutions and Monogram Health. Mr. Sisitsky serves on the board of trustees of Dartmouth College the board of directors of the international non-profit, Grassroot Soccer, and the board of directors of Ownership Works, a non-profit organization. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Dartmouth College, where he graduated summa cum laude, and an M.B.A. from the Stanford Graduate School of Business, where he was an Arjay Miller Scholar.
Jack Weingart - Mr. Weingart is a Partner and the Chief Financial Officer of TPG. Until December 2024, he also served as a member of TPG’s Board of Directors. Mr. Weingart previously served as the Co-Managing Partner of TPG Capital from 2017 until his appointment as Chief Financial Officer. Between 2006 and 2017, he served as Managing Partner of the Funding Group, which comprised the Firm’s fundraising and capital markets activities. Prior to joining TPG in 2006, Mr. Weingart was a Managing Director at Goldman, Sachs & Co., responsible for managing the Firm’s West Coast leveraged finance and financial sponsor business. Mr. Weingart currently serves on the board of directors of Viking Holdings, Ltd. (NYSE:VIK). Mr. Weingart has previously served on the boards of directors of several private companies, including J.Crew Group, Inc., Chino Holdings, Inc. and Chobani, and the board of Awaso Hope Foundation, a non-profit organization. Mr. Weingart received a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences from the University of California at Berkeley.
Independent Directors
[ ]
Executive Officers
Katherine Wood - Ms. Wood is a Partner and is based in San Francisco, where she is a member of the Healthcare group. She currently serves on the Boards of Surescripts, Nextech Systems, LifeStance Health, Convey Health Solutions, and Ellodi, and was previously on the Boards of Adare, AskBio, and Neogene Therapeutics. She was also involved in founding TPG’s Women’s Affinity Group and serves as its Firmwide Chair. Prior to joining TPG in 2009, Ms. Wood worked in healthcare investment banking at Goldman, Sachs & Co. Ms. Wood received a B.S. with Honors in molecular and cell biology from Stanford University and an M.B.A. with Distinction from Harvard Business School.
Matt Jones - Mr. Jones is the Co-Managing Partner of TPG GP Solutions based in London. Prior to joining TPG, Mr. Jones spent more than 20 years with Pantheon, where he most recently served as Co-Head of Pantheon’s Global Secondaries Team and a member of Pantheon’s International Investment Committee. In this role, Mr. Jones was responsible for managing Pantheon’s global secondary business, overseeing business building, deal origination, and investing activities. He held the role from 2017-2021. Mr. Jones started his career at HM Treasury, the British government’s economic and finance ministry. He has a BA in economics and politics from Leeds University.
Matt White - Mr. White is a Managing Director and the Deputy Chief Accounting Officer at TPG, based in Ft. Worth, Texas.  In this role, he oversees TPG’s public company and corporate accounting and reporting processes.  He leads TPG’s accounting policy and strategy efforts, as well as SEC reporting and SOX processes.  Prior to joining TPG in 2021, Mr. White served as a Partner at Ernst & Young LLP, a public company accounting firm.  He provided technical and operational accounting services to companies across a variety of industries, with a focus on alternative asset managers and real estate firms. In addition to significant accounting experience, Mr. White’s experience included leading companies through complex capital markets transactions. Mr. White graduated with a Master of Science degree in Accounting from the University of Notre Dame and a Bachelor’s degree in Finance from the University of North Texas.
Ayanna Clunis - Ms. Clunis is a Partner and Head of Operations at TPG based in Fort Worth, Texas. Prior to joining TPG, Ms. Clunis was with J.P. Morgan where she most recently served as a Managing Director and Head of Markets Operations Transformation and Securities Operations within the Corporate and Investment Banking Division. She brings more than 20 years of experience in financial services, including at Bank of America,
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Goldman Sachs, and Citi, where she led complex organizational change and implemented innovative technical solutions to enable efficiency and scale. She currently serves on the Board of First Candle and Duke University Alumni Council and is Board Chair of Measures for Justice. Ms. Clunis earned her MBA from Fuqua School of Business at Duke University, and a BS in Chemical Engineering from Cornell University.
Jenny B. Neslin - Ms. Neslin is a Managing Director at TPG Angelo Gordon and serves as General Counsel and Secretary of AG Mortgage Investment Trust, Inc. (NYSE: MITT) and TPG Twin Brook Capital Income Fund. Prior to joining TPG Angelo Gordon in 2021, Ms. Neslin was Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel at Colony Capital, Inc. (now known as DigitalBridge Group, Inc. (NYSE: DBRG)), where she was responsible for capital markets activities (including public and private equity and debt offerings), ongoing disclosure and reporting obligations under U.S. federal securities laws and corporate governance matters. Prior to joining NorthStar Realty Finance Corp. (which was acquired by Colony in 2017) as Associate General Counsel in 2013, Ms. Neslin was an associate in the Capital Markets group at Clifford Chance US LLP, where she primarily advised REITs and investment banks in public and private capital markets transactions. Ms. Neslin holds a Bachelor of Music in Music Business from New York University and a J.D. from Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law at Yeshiva University.
Leadership Structure and Oversight Responsibilities
Overall responsibility for the Fund’s oversight rests with the General Partner, subject to certain oversight rights held by the Board. The Registrant will enter into the Management Agreement pursuant to which the Management Company, an affiliate of the General Partner, will manage the Fund on a day-to-day basis. The Board is expected to be composed of [    ] members, [     ] of whom will be Independent Directors. As described below, the Board will establish an Audit Committee to assist the Board and the General Partner in fulfilling their oversight responsibilities. See “Item 11. Description of Registrant’s Securities to be Registered— Delaware Law and Certain Provisions of the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement.”
Committees
The Board of Directors will establish an Audit Committee and may form additional committees in the future.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee will comprise of [ ] and [ ], each of whom is an Independent Director. [ ] serves as Chair of the Audit Committee. The Registrant’s Board determined that [ ] is an “audit committee financial expert” as that term is defined under Item 407 of Regulation S-K, as promulgated under the Exchange Act.
The General Partner may appoint additional independent directors to the Audit Committee from time to time.
In accordance with its written charter to be adopted by the Board, the Audit Committee monitors (i) the adequacy of the Registrant’s accounting and financial reporting processes, policies and practices, (ii) the integrity of the financial statements of the Registrant and the independent audit thereof, (iii) the adequacy of the Registrant’s overall system of internal controls and, as appropriate, the internal controls of certain service providers, (iv) the qualifications and independence of the Registrant’s independent registered accounting firm (the “independent accountants”), (v) the performance of the Registrant’s internal audit function, if any, and the independent accountants and (vi) the compliance by the Registrant with legal and regulatory requirements.
Investment Committee
All equity investments in which T-POP participates are reviewed and approved by the Investment Committee and the Investment Committee’s process includes ensuring such investments are consistent with T-POP’s investment objective and the portfolio construction targets described herein. The Investment Committee will
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review and assess valuations, diligence materials, pricing, structure, liquidity profile and other key metrics related to potential investments proposed by T-POP’s management team. The Investment Committee will also conduct periodic reviews of T-POP’s allocation targets and portfolio construction.
The Investment Committee currently consists of Jack Weingart, Matt Jones and Katherine Wood, with additional members to be named in advance of the Initial Closing.
For information concerning the background of Mr. Weingart, Mr. Jones and Ms. Wood, see “—Directors and Executive Officers” above.
ITEM 6.    EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
(a)    Compensation of Executive Officers
The Registrant does not currently have any employees and does not expect to have any employees. Services necessary for the Registrant’s business are provided by individuals who are employees of the Management Company, the General Partner or their affiliates, pursuant to the terms of the Management Agreement and the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement, as applicable. The Registrant’s day-to-day investment operations will be managed by the General Partner and Management Company. Most of the services necessary for the sourcing and administration of the Registrant’s investment portfolio are provided by investment professionals employed by the Management Company or its affiliates.
None of the Registrant’s executive officers will receive direct compensation from TPG. The Registrant will reimburse the General Partner, the Management Company and/or their affiliates for Fund expenses incurred on its behalf, which can include the compensation, overhead (including rent, office equipment and utilities) and other expenses incurred, charged or specifically attributed or allocated by the General Partner, the Management Company and/or their affiliates in performing administrative and/or accounting services for the Registrant or any portfolio entity (including but not limited to legal and compliance, finance, accounting, operations, investor relations, tax, valuation and internal audit personnel and other non-investment professionals that provide services to the Registrant). Certain executive officers and Non-Independent Directors, through their financial interests in the General Partner or Management Company, are entitled to a portion of the profits earned by the General Partner or Management Company, which includes any fees, including compensation discussed herein, payable to the General Partner or Management Company under the terms of the Management Agreement and the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement, as applicable, less expenses incurred by the General Partner and Management Company in performing its services under the Management Agreement and the Partnership Agreement, as applicable. See “Item 1. Business—Management Agreement” and “Item 7. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.”
(b)    Compensation of Directors
No compensation will be paid to the Registrant’s directors who are not Independent Directors. The Registrant expects to pay each Independent Director: (i) $150,000 per year (prorated for any partial year), with 50% of such retainer payable in cash and the remaining 50% payable in Units and (ii) an additional fee of $10,000 per year for the Chair of the Audit Committee, payable in cash.  However, each Independent Director may elect to increase up to 100% the portion of total compensation paid in Units. TPG also intends to pay the reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by each Independent Director in connection with the fulfillment of his or her duties as an Independent Director.
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ITEM 7.    CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
(a)    Transactions with Related Persons, Promoters and Certain Control Persons
Investment Management Agreement; the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement
The Registrant will enter into the Management Agreement with the Management Company pursuant to which the Registrant will pay management fees and certain Fund expenses. The Registrant will also enter into the amended and restated partnership agreement, pursuant to which the General Partner will be entitled to receive the Performance Participation Allocation. In addition, pursuant to the Management Agreement and the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement, the Registrant will reimburse the Management Company and General Partner for certain expenses as they occur. See “Item 1. Business—Management Agreement,” “—Certain Terms of the Management Agreement and Partnership Agreement,” and “—Payment of TPG’s Expenses under the Investment Management.”
Certain Business Relationships
Certain of the Registrant’s current directors and officers are directors, officers or employees of TPG and/or one or more of its affiliates. The Fund is subject to conflicts of interest arising out of its relationship with TPG, including the General Partner, the Management Company and their affiliates. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Certain Investment Considerations.”
Statement of Policy Regarding Transactions with Related Persons
The Board of Directors recognizes the fact that transactions with related persons may present risks of conflicts or the appearance of conflicts of interest. The Board of Directors will adopt a written policy on transactions with related persons (the “Related Person Transaction Policy”). Under the Related Person Transaction Policy, the Independent Directors must review and approve any “related person transaction” (as defined below), including any amendments or modifications to any “related person transaction”. A “related person transaction” is defined as any transaction that (A) requires Independent Director approval pursuant to the Partnership Agreements and governance guidelines, or (B) (i) would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K in which the Fund was or is to be a participant, (ii) the amount involved exceeds $120,000 and (iii) in which any “related person” (as defined as paragraph (a) of Item 404 of Regulation S-K) had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than an employment relationship or transaction involving an executive officer and any related compensation. A “transaction” includes, but is not limited to, any financial transaction, arrangement or relationship (including any indebtedness or guarantee of indebtedness) or any series of similar transactions, arrangement or relationships. Subject to limited exceptions, no related person transaction will be executed without the approval or ratification of a committee of the Board of Directors composed solely of Independent Directors who are disinterested or by the disinterested members of the Board of Directors. The Independent Directors fulfill the obligations under this policy.
In reviewing a related person transaction or proposed related person transaction, the Independent Directors shall consider all relevant facts and circumstances, including without limitation: (i) the relationship of the related person to the Fund, (ii) the nature and extent of the related person’s interest in the transaction, (iii) the material terms of the transaction, (iv) the business purpose of the transaction, (v) the importance and fairness of the transaction both to the Fund and to the related person, (vi) whether the transaction would likely impair the judgment of a director or executive officer to act in the best interest of the Fund, (vii) whether the value and the terms of the transaction are substantially similar as compared to those of similar transactions previously entered into by the Fund with non-related persons, if any, and (viii) any other matters that management or the Independent Directors deem appropriate.
In addition, the Related Person Transaction Policy provides that the Independent Directors, in connection with any approval or ratification of a related person transaction involving a non-employee director or director nominee, considers whether such transaction would compromise the director or director nominee’s status as (i) an “independent director” under the Fund LPA and governance guidelines; (ii) a “non-employee director,” as
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applicable, under Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act, if such non-employee director serves, or such non-employee nominee will serve, on the compensation committee of the Board, if any; or (iii) independent director under Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act, if such non-employee director serves on the Audit Committee of the Board.
(b)    Promoters and Certain Control Persons
The General Partner or Management Company may be deemed a promoter of the Fund. The Registrant will enter into the Management Agreement with the Management Company and the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement with the General Partner. The Management Company, for its portfolio management, risk management and other services to the Registrant, will be entitled to receive Management Fees and Maintenance Fees in addition to the reimbursement of certain expenses. The General Partner will also be entitled to receive the Performance Participation Allocation, as described herein. In addition, under the Management Agreement and the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement, to the extent permitted by applicable law, the Registrant has indemnified the Management Company and the General Partner and certain of their affiliates. See “Item 1. Business.
(c)    Director Independence
See Item 5. Directors and Executive Officers for information on the Registrant’s Independent Directors and definition of “independent.”
ITEM 8.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Neither the Registrant, the General Partner nor the Management Company are currently subject to any pending material legal proceedings against the Registrant, the General Partner or the Management Company. From time to time, the Registrant, the General Partner or the Management Company may be a party to certain legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business, including proceedings relating to the enforcement of the Registrant’s rights under contracts with the Registrant’s portfolio companies. The Registrant may also be subject to regulatory proceedings.
ITEM 9.    MARKET PRICE OF AND DIVIDENDS ON THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED LIMITED PARTNER MATTERS
Market Information
The Registrant’s outstanding Units will be offered and sold in transactions exempt from registration under the 1933 Act under Section 4(a)(2) and Regulation D. See “Item 10. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities” for more information. There is no public market for the Registrant’s Units currently, nor can the Registrant give any assurance that one will develop.
Because the Registrant’s Units are being acquired by investors in one or more transactions “not involving a public offering,” they are “restricted securities” and may be required to be held indefinitely. The Registrant’s Units may not be sold or transferred (i) except as permitted under the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement and (ii) unless the Units are registered under applicable securities laws or specifically exempted from registration. Accordingly, an investor must be willing to bear the economic risk of investment in the Units unless and until the Registrant accepts their repurchase or transfer. No sale, transfer, assignment, pledge or other disposition, whether voluntary or involuntary, of the Units may be made except by registration of the transfer on the Registrant’s books. Each transferee will be required to execute an instrument agreeing to be bound by these restrictions and the other restrictions imposed on the Units and to execute such other instruments or certifications as are reasonably required by the Registrant.
Holders
Please see “Item 4. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” for disclosure regarding the holders of the Registrant’s Units.
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Calculation of Net Asset Value
It is expected that the NAV for each Class will first be determined as of the end of the first full month after the Initial Closing. Thereafter, TPG (being, for the purposes of this section, the General Partner, as assisted by the Management Company and others as described herein) will calculate the NAV for each Class monthly.
The NAV for each Class will be based on the month-end values of Investments (including Debt and Other Securities), the addition of the value of any other assets (such as cash on hand) (together, “Total Assets”), and the deduction of applicable liabilities, including the allocation/accrual of the Management Fee, Performance Participation Allocation and the Maintenance Fee and the deduction of expenses attributable to certain Classes, such as the applicable Servicing Fee, in each case attributable to such Class, in all cases as described in this Registration Statement and determined in accordance with the Valuation Policy adopted for the Fund. From time to time, TPG may adopt non-material changes to the Valuation Policy in its sole discretion and material changes with the consent of the Independent Directors.
The monthly NAV per Unit for each Class will generally be available around the 20th Business Day of the following month (e.g., the NAV for October 31st will generally be available around November 30th). Each Class of Units may have a different NAV per Unit because of different Servicing Fees, Management Fee and Performance Participation Allocation attributable to such Class.
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, TPG may in its discretion, but is not obligated to, consider material market data and other information (as of the applicable month-end for which NAV is being calculated) that becomes available after the end of the applicable month in valuing the Fund’s assets and liabilities and calculating its NAV. The General Partner may, but is not obligated to, suspend the determination of NAV and/or the Fund’s offering and/or repurchases where (i) the circumstances so require and (ii) the suspension is reasonably determined to be in the best interests of Limited Partners. Any such suspension shall be notified to the affected Limited Partners. No Units will be issued or repurchased during any such suspension period.
The General Partner may suspend or modify the Repurchase Program if in its reasonable judgment it deems such action to be in the Fund’s best interest or the best interest of Limited Partners, including, but not limited to, for regulatory or structuring reasons or as necessary to ensure that the Fund is not subject to tax as a corporation; provided that any such suspension or material modification requires approval of the Independent Directors.
Valuation Methodology
The Fund’s Investments are valued at fair value in a manner consistent with U.S. GAAP, including Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. TPG refers to this accounting standard simply as “ASC 820.” ASC 820 is the successor to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 157: Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.
In general, ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e., the exit price). ASC 820 also sets a framework for measuring fair value and requires the inclusion in financial statements of certain disclosures about fair value measurements.
ASC 820’s framework establishes a hierarchy that prioritizes and ranks the level of observability of inputs used to measure investments at fair value. A number of factors can affect the observability of an input, including the type of investment to which it relates, the investment’s characteristics, market conditions and other factors. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level I inputs) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level III inputs). Investments with readily available quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from quoted prices in active markets typically have a higher degree of input observability and therefore require a lesser degree of judgment when determining their fair value.
The three levels of ASC 820’s fair value hierarchy are as follows:
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Level I - Pricing inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the measurement date.
Level II - Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date, and fair value is determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies. The types of financial instruments generally classified in this category include securities with less liquidity traded in active markets, securities traded in other than active markets, corporate bonds and loans, and government and agency securities.
Level III - Pricing inputs are unobservable for the financial instruments and include situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the financial instrument. The inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.
In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input (with Level III being the lowest) that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. TPG’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and consideration of factors specific to the financial instrument.
TPG expects to apply ASC 820 to the Fund’s investments as follows:
Equity Investments
Fair Value of Investments or Instruments that are Exchange Traded
Securities that are exchange traded and for which a quoted market exists will be valued at the closing price of such securities in the principal market in which the security trades, or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous market on the valuation date. When a quoted price in an active market exists, no block discounts or control premiums are permitted regardless of the size of the public security held. In some cases, securities will include legal restrictions limiting their purchase and sale for a period of time, such as may be required under SEC Rule 144. A discount to publicly traded price may be appropriate in those cases; the amount of the discount, if taken, shall be determined based on the time period that must pass before the restricted security becomes unrestricted or otherwise available for sale.
Fair Value of Investments or Instruments that are not Exchange Traded
In the absence of observable market prices, TPG values its investments using valuation methodologies applied on a consistent basis. For some investments little market activity may exist. TPG’s determination of fair value is then based on the best information available in the circumstances and may incorporate management’s own assumptions and involve a significant degree of judgement, taking into consideration a combination of internal and external factors.
TPG will consider the Fund’s recent purchase transaction value as a strong indicator of fair value and, as such, may continue to carry the investment at its transaction value for the first several reporting periods following the making of the investment, absent extraordinary factors. When TPG determines the fair value, it updates the prior month-end valuation by incorporating latest available data, including values provided by external valuation firms, as well as any cash flow activity related to the investment during the month.
TPG’s methodology for determining the fair values of investments in operation companies are either the income approach, market approach, or both:
A market approach is a valuation technique that provides an estimation of the fair value of a business based on market prices in actual or anticipated transactions and on asking prices for similar businesses. The valuation process is based on a comparison and correlation between the subject company and other
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comparable companies, transactions, and/or market data points. Consideration is given to various factors to arrive at an estimation of the fair value of the subject business.
The Comparable Company method is a valuation technique where reliance is placed on valuation multiples of comparable companies. Comparable companies are selected based on criteria such as, but not limited to, comparable industry and similar fundamentals and stage of development. Premiums or discounts may be applied to the comparable company’s multiples, if deemed reasonable, typically to calibrate the multiple to a recent deal price.
The Comparable Transaction method is a valuation technique where reliance is placed on valuation multiples from comparable transactions. Comparable transactions are selected based on criteria such as comparable industries, similar fundamentals, and stage of development, among other considerations.
The income approach is a valuation technique that provides an estimation of the fair value of a business based on expectations about the cash flows expected to be derived from the business in the future. The income approach begins with an estimation of the annual cash flows expected to be generated over a discrete projection period, which are then converted to their present value equivalent using a rate of return appropriate for the risk of achieving the projected cash flows. Similarly, a residual value of the business, if any, is estimated beyond the discrete projection period and present valued to the valuation date. The aggregated present value of the estimated cash flows is then added to the present value equivalent of the residual value of the business to arrive at an estimate of fair value.
Depending on the facts and circumstances associated with the investment, different methodologies may be used including option value, contingent claims or scenario analysis, yield analysis, projected cash flow through maturity or expiration, probability weighted methods or recent round of financing.
In addition, TPG may, but is not obligated to, monitor the Fund’s Equity Investments on an ongoing basis for events that TPG believes may have a material impact on the Fund’s NAV as a whole. Material events may include investment-specific events or broader market-driven events that may impact more than one specific investment. Upon the occurrence of such a material event and provided that TPG is aware that such event has occurred, TPG may, but is not obligated to, provide an estimate of the change in value of the Equity Investment, based on the valuation procedures described herein. In general, TPG expects that any adjustments to fair values will be calculated promptly after a determination that a material change has occurred and the financial effects of such change are quantifiable. However, rapidly changing market conditions or material events may not be immediately reflected in the monthly NAV.
Fund Investments
TPG’s valuation of SPVs where the SPV or fund (the “Underlying Fund”) is accounted for as an investment company using NAV as a practical expedient generally use the latest capital account statement received from the unaffiliated GP as a starting baseline. Such information received by the unaffiliated GP is typically one quarter behind the valuation date for the relevant Firm client.
In instances where the NAV per share of the Underlying Fund differs from the Firm’s measurement date, the Deal Team and Portfolio Management Team would consider whether an adjustment to the most recently provided NAV per share is necessary. The objective of any adjustment is to estimate a NAV for the investment that is calculated in a manner consistent with the measurement principles of FASB ASC 946 as of the Firm’s measurement date. The Firm may request the unaffiliated GP provide a supplemental NAV calculation consistent with the measurement principles of FASB ASC 946 as of its measurement date or adjust the reported NAV for factors that could cause it to differ from the NAV at the measurement date.
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Debt and Other Securities
The fair values of certain debt positions are generally determined on the basis of prices between market participants provided by reputable dealers or pricing services. In determining the value of a particular investment, pricing services may use certain information with respect to transactions in such investments, quotations from dealers, pricing matrices, market transactions in comparable investments and various relationships between investments. Specifically, for investments in distressed debt and corporate loans and bonds, the fair values may be determined with a variety of valuation techniques, including a discounted cash flow method, option pricing analysis, scenario analysis, or probability weighted methods.
TPG may also choose to incorporate a secondary methodology, generally used to corroborate the results of the initial approach. Depending on the facts and circumstances different primary and secondary methodologies may be used including, an option pricing analysis, contingent claims or scenario analysis, or yield analysis.
Valuation Procedures
TPG will follow established procedures each month in conducting valuations of the Fund’s investments. The rigor of its procedures is intended to ensure consistent application across investments of U.S. GAAP and its valuation policies. There are three key groups of TPG professionals engaged in the valuation process. For example, the monthly, quarterly, and annual valuation processes are facilitated and managed by the TPG “valuation team” with significant participation from the respective investment-specific “deal team” and TPG’s “global valuation committee” and the respective “subcommittee” (collectively, the “valuation committees”). The following describes the responsibilities of the various parties involved in valuation determinations for Equity Investments:
An investment-specific “deal team,” which is charged generally with monitoring the relevant portfolio company, preparing the valuation analysis, making an initial valuation recommendation to the TPG “valuation team” and amending the valuation based on the input from the other participants in the valuation process.
The TPG “valuation team,” together with the auditors and an external valuation firm, will initiate and manage the valuation process by sending standardized valuation templates and/or valuation surveys to deal teams, review each proposed quarterly valuation for completeness and consistency across periods and the Fund’s portfolio, providing feedback and analysis to the investment-specific “deal team” and the “valuation committees” where appropriate, and administer its valuation policy generally.
The “valuation committees” will review a majority of proposed Fund valuations, including the valuation methodology underlying each investment, suggest changes when warranted and give the final approval on all Fund valuations. Each subcommittee comprises senior product and firm leadership. The valuations are aggregated and significant matters are presented for final approval by TPG’s global valuation committee, which comprises senior employees. The valuation committees will also establish a valuation policy and help ensure its consistent application together with the valuation team.
The following describes the responsibilities of the various parties involved in valuation determinations for Debt and Other Securities:
An investment-specific “deal team,” which is charged generally with reviewing policy prices in order to determine if such price is consistent with information currently available to them in the marketplace, and providing an override price if applicable.
The TPG “valuation team,” will collect, review, and analyze external pricing data before providing a “policy price” to the deal team. As part of its analysis, the TPG “valuation team” will establish reasonable procedures for testing the reliability and accuracy of the external pricing data it
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receives. If applicable, the Valuation Team will determine whether an override is appropriate, and the group has the authority to accept or reject an override.
The “valuation committees” oversee the valuation process and reviews and approves any exceptions. Each subcommittee comprises senior product and firm leadership. The valuations are aggregated and significant matters are presented for final approval by TPG’s global valuation committee, which comprises senior employees. The valuation committees will also establish a valuation policy and help ensure its consistent application together with the valuation team.
TPG will also engage independent third parties to review and opine on its periodic valuations, as well as advise on valuation policy more generally. In particular:
On an annual basis, it expects that its external auditors will audit the valuations of a majority of investments in connection with their audit of the Fund’s annual financial statements. In addition, the external auditors may participate in the quarterly calls with the external valuation firm and deal teams.
When making fair value determinations for assets that do not have a reliable, readily available market price, TPG will engage one or more independent valuation firms to assess if its fair value estimates are reasonable (“positive assurance”) as of the relevant measurement date. It is expected that positive assurance will be sought on all Level III Equity Investments that the Fund has held for at least one full quarter on a rolling basis throughout the quarter, such that the investments may be reviewed at different times during the quarter. In addition, TPG expects to seek additional positive assurance opinions on each asset on an annual basis. In performing their services, the valuation firms will rely on information provided by TPG without independent verification and such services will not constitute or include a determination of actual fair value, an audit, a solvency opinion, or a fairness opinion of any type and should not be relied upon as such.
TPG is ultimately responsible for determining the fair value of all applicable investments in good faith in accordance with the Fund’s valuation policies and procedures. A service provider may be replaced at any time, in accordance with agreed-upon notice requirements, by TPG with notice to the Independent Directors.
Subject to the approval of the Independent Directors for material deviations, the General Partner and/or any director or officer of the General Partner and/or the Management Company (as applicable) may permit deviations from the Fund’s Valuation Policy where they consider it to be appropriate, acting always in accordance with applicable laws, regulations and rules applicable to each Partnership.
The Fund’s written Valuation Policy (as amended from time to time) is available on request from the Management Company.
Liabilities
With respect to each Class, TPG will include the fair value of such Class’s pro rata portion of the Fund’s liabilities as part of the Class’s monthly NAV calculation. These liabilities are expected to include the fees payable to the Management Company, any accrued Performance Participation Allocation, accounts payable, accrued operating expenses, fund level borrowings and other liabilities. All of the Fund’s borrowings will be held at cost. All other liabilities will generally be valued using widely accepted methodologies specific to each type of liability.
The Management Company will advance all of the Fund’s Organizational and Offering Expenses on the Fund’s behalf (other than Subscription Fees and Servicing Fees) through the first anniversary of the Initial Closing. The Fund will reimburse the Management Company for such advanced Organizational and Offering Expenses within 12 months following the first anniversary of the Initial Closing. For purposes of calculating the Fund’s NAV for purchases or repurchases of Units (but not for U.S. GAAP financial reporting purposes), (i) the Organizational and Offering Expenses paid by the Management Company through the first anniversary of the Initial Closing will be
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amortized and recognized as a reduction to NAV over a 60 month period following the first anniversary of the Initial Closing, and (ii) tax liabilities of certain Intermediate Entities that are not expected to be realized for tax purposes due to the expected structure of the divestment of the associated underlying Investment may not be recognized as a reduction to NAV (although tax liabilities of those same Intermediate Entities may be taken into account in determining the fair value of the associated underlying Investment), in each case in TPG’s discretion. Consistent with U.S. GAAP, the Fund will not recognize as an expense amount paid as Initial Fund Expense Support by the Management Company unless and until such amounts are reimbursed to the Management Company as described in “Item 1. Business.”
For purposes of calculating a monthly NAV, the Servicing Fee for each applicable Class of Units will be calculated by multiplying the accrued monthly Servicing Fee rate (1/12th of the total annual Servicing Fee rate for each applicable Class of Units) by the aggregate NAV of such Class of Units for that month, after adjustment for any net portfolio income or loss, unrealized/realized gains or losses on assets and liabilities, Management Fee, Performance Participation Allocation accrual and Maintenance Fee.
Effect of Treatment of Subscription Fee and Servicing Fee
The Subscription Fee and Servicing Fee apply only to Class S Units, Class D Units, Class R-S Units and Class R-D Units. Subscription Fees shall be paid by the applicable Limited Partners outside of their investments in the Fund and will not impact the Fund’s NAV. For purposes of calculating the Fund’s NAV for purchases or repurchases of Units (but not for financial reporting purposes), the Fund recognizes the Servicing Fee as a reduction to NAV on a monthly basis as such fee is paid. Under the U.S. GAAP, the Fund accrues the cost of the Servicing Fee for the estimated life of the relevant Units as an offering cost at the time the Fund sells Class S Units, Class D Units, Class R-S Units and Class R-D Units.
Distributions
The Fund may declare distributions from time to time as authorized by the General Partner. The Fund expects to primarily redeploy any proceeds or current income generated from Investments, into additional Investments, or otherwise use for the liquidity needs of the Fund.
Any distributions the Fund makes are at the sole discretion of the General Partner, considering factors such as earnings, cash flow, capital needs, taxes and general financial condition and the requirements of applicable law. As a result, the Fund’s distribution rates and payment frequency may vary from time to time. There is no assurance the Fund will pay distributions in any particular amount, if at all.
Limited Partners of record as of the record date will be eligible for distributions declared. The per Unit amount of distributions on Class S Units, Class D Units, Class I Units, Class R-S Units, Class R-D Units, Class R-I Units and Class F Units may differ if different Class-specific fees and expenses are deducted from the gross distributions for each Class. In the event that the Fund makes a distribution, the Fund intends to adopt an “opt out” distribution reinvestment plan for investors. As a result, in the event of a declared cash distribution, each investor that has not “opted out” of the distribution reinvestment plan will have their distributions automatically reinvested in additional Units rather than receive cash distributions. See “Item 1. Business—Distribution Reinvestment Plan.”
ITEM 10.    RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
The Fund has not yet commenced commercial activities. The General Partner or an affiliate purchased     Units of the Fund at a price of $25.00 per Unit as the Fund’s initial capital. These Units were issued and sold in reliance upon the available exemptions from registration requirements of Section 4(a)(2) of the 1933 Act. As of     , 2024, the General Partner or an affiliate was the Fund’s only investor.
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ITEM 11.    DESCRIPTION OF REGISTRANT’S SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED
Description of the Registrant’s Units
General
There is currently no market for the Registrant’s Units, and TPG does not expect that a market for the Registrant’s Units will develop in the future. TPG does not intend for the Units registered under this Registration Statement to be listed on any national securities exchange. There are no outstanding options or warrants to purchase the Registrant’s Units. Under the terms of the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement, except as provided by other applicable law and subject to the obligations to indemnify the Registrant and the General Partner as otherwise provided in the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement, no Limited Partner shall have any personal liability whatsoever in its capacity as a Limited Partner, whether to the Registrant, to any of the Partners, or to the creditors of the Registrant, for the debts, liabilities, contracts, or other obligations of the Registrant or for any losses of the Registrant. No Limited Partner shall owe any fiduciary duty to any other Partner.
Units
Limited Partners are not entitled to nominate or vote in the election of the Fund’s directors. Accordingly, the Registrant is not required to file proxy statements or information statements under Section 14 of the Exchange Act except in those limited circumstances where a vote of Limited Partners is required under the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement or Delaware law. Moreover, Limited Partners are not able to bring matters before meetings of Limited Partners or nominate directors at such meeting, nor are they generally able to submit Limited Partner proposals under Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act. Overall responsibility for the Registrant’s oversight rests with the General Partner, subject to certain oversight rights held by the Board of Directors.
Class S Units, Class D Units, Class I Units, Class R-S Units, Class R-D Units, Class R-I Units, and their corresponding Classes of Units of the Aggregator are collectively referred to herein as “Investor Units.”
Class R-S Units, Class R-D Units and Class R-I Units are available for purchase only until the one-year anniversary from the Initial Closing. Such Investor Units are subject to a lesser Management Fee (as defined below) as compared to other Investor Units. Any time after the Initial Closing, the General Partner may, for administrative convenience and in its sole discretion, elect to convert a Class of Units into the equivalent aggregate NAV amount of another Class of Units measured as of the most recent Valuation Date. For the avoidance of doubt, any such conversion will not increase the fees borne by the holders of such converted Units, or otherwise materially adversely impact the rights of such holders.
Certain financial intermediaries may charge Limited Partners Subscription Fees of up to (i) 3.5% of NAV on Class S Units and Class R-S Units and (ii) 1.5% of NAV on Class D Units and Class R-D Units sold in the offering. In certain circumstances, the Subscription Fees may be paid to the Dealer Manager and reallocated, in whole or in part, to the financial intermediary that placed the Limited Partners into the Fund. No Subscription Fees will be paid or payable with respect to Class I Units, Class R-I Units, Class F Units or any Units issued pursuant to the Fund’s distribution reinvestment plan. For the avoidance of doubt, Subscription Fees shall be paid by the applicable Limited Partners outside of their investments in the Fund and will not impact the Fund’s NAV.
Class S Units and Class R-S Units will each bear a Servicing Fee in an amount equal to (on an annualized basis) 0.85% of the NAV of such Class of Units as of the last day of each month. Class D Units and Class R-D Units will each bear a Servicing Fee in an amount equal to (on an annualized basis) 0.25% of the NAV of such Class of Units as of the last day of each month. In calculating the Servicing Fee, TPG will use the Fund’s NAV before giving effect to any accruals for the Servicing Fee, repurchases for that month, if any, and distributions payable on the Fund’s Units. For the avoidance of doubt, the Servicing Fee will be payable by the Fund and Limited Partners will not be billed separately. The Servicing Fee will be payable to the Dealer Manager, but the Dealer Manager anticipates that all or a portion of the Servicing Fee will be retained by, or reallocated (paid) to, participating brokers or other financial intermediaries. Any amounts allocated in accordance with the foregoing sentence will compensate
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such participating brokers or other financial intermediaries for reporting, administrative and other services provided to a Limited Partner by such participating brokers or other financial intermediaries, as applicable. No Servicing Fee will be payable with respect to Class I Units, Class R-I Units or Class F Units.
The Investor Units will each bear a proportional share of the Management Fee, Performance Participation Allocation and Maintenance Fee. Each Class F Unit will bear its proportional share of the Maintenance Fee but will not be subject to the Management Fee or Performance Participation Allocation.
Limitation on Liability of Directors and Officers; Indemnification and Advance of Expenses
See “Item 12. Indemnification of Directors and Officers for a description of the indemnification provisions for directors, officers, the General Partner and the Management Company.
Delaware Law and Certain Provisions of the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement
Organization and Duration
The Registrant was formed on August 30, 2024 as a Delaware limited partnership. The Registrant will remain in existence until dissolved in accordance with the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement or pursuant to Delaware law. The Registrant provides that it shall continue until it is dissolved upon (a) a determination made by the General Partner at any time in its sole discretion that the dissolution and winding up of the Registrant is in the best interests of the Registrant, (b) a GP Event of Withdrawal (as defined therein), (c) the termination, dissolution or withdrawal of the General Partner, (d) a Cause Event (as defined therein) together with the Consent (as defined therein) of 75% in Interest of the Partners or members (or similarly situated Persons (as defined therein)) of any Parallel Investment Entity to dissolve the Registrant, or (e) the entry of a decree of dissolution of the Registrant pursuant to Section 18-802 of the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act, set forth as Chapter 17 of Title 6 of the Delaware Code, as the same may be amended from time to time.
Purpose
The purpose of the Registrant is to seek to invest in Investments in accordance with the investment objectives and policies of the Fund as in effect from time to time, as described elsewhere in this Registration Statement and the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement, and to engage in any other lawful activity as the General Partner may from time to time determine. Subject to the provisions of the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement, the General Partner may from time to time adopt, amend, revise or terminate any strategy or policy with respect to Investments by the Fund as it shall deem appropriate in its sole discretion. Investments may be effected on a global basis, using a wide variety of investment types and transaction structures, and may have long or short anticipated holding periods.
Amendment to the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement
The Registrant’s Partnership Agreement may be amended, modified or supplemented without the approval of any other Limited Partner by the written consent of the General Partner, except as otherwise required by law, and provided, that any amendment, modification or supplement that is viewed by the General Partner in its discretion as a whole together with all such amendments, modifications or supplements, as having a material adverse effect on the Limited Partners in the aggregate will require the approval of the Independent Directors. Limited Partners will receive a copy of any such amendment (including through an Exchange Act report).
Jurisdiction
Except as otherwise agreed in writing by the General Partner or the Registrant with a Limited Partner, any action or proceeding against the parties relating in any way to the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement may be brought and enforced in the courts of the State of Delaware or (to the extent subject matter jurisdiction exists therefor) of the United States for the District of Delaware.
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Fiduciary Duties
The Board of Directors (including the Independent Directors) owe a fiduciary duty to use their reasonable business judgment to act in the best interests of the Registrant with respect to matters of the Registrant that are within the Board of Directors’ authority, as described in the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement.
ITEM 12.    INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
As further explained in the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement, if an Indemnified Person (as defined below) (or any of its successors or assigns) was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, inquiry, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (including any action by or in the right of the Registrant), by reason of any actions or omissions or alleged acts or omissions arising out of such Indemnified Person’s activities acting on behalf of the General Partner, the Registrant (including through service as a Director), an Affiliate of the Registrant, or a Portfolio Company, the Registrant shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, indemnify such Indemnified Person and hold such Indemnified Person harmless against losses, costs, claims, judgments, damages, settlement costs, fees or related expenses for which such Person has not otherwise been reimbursed (including attorneys’ fees and fines) actually and reasonably incurred by such Indemnified Person arising out of or in connection with such action, suit or proceeding, subject to certain conditions, including that such Indemnified Person (x) was not finally determined by a court of competent jurisdiction or in a final arbitration proceeding to be guilty of actual fraud, gross negligence, willful misconduct, or a knowing and material breach of the Partnership Agreement or the Management Agreement or to have breached its fiduciary duties to the Registrant under applicable law (as modified by the provisions of the Partnership Agreement) and did not admit guilt in a settlement of any such claims and (y) in respect of any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.
Indemnified Persons” shall mean (i) the initial limited partner, the General Partner and its affiliates (other than the Registrant), the general partner and limited partners of the General Partner and its affiliates (other than the Registrant), the partnership representative as designated under the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement, the designated individual as appointed under the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement for purposes of the Registrant’s audit rules, and each of the foregoing’s former, current and future officers, directors, stockholders, partners, members, employees and other affiliates (other than Feeder(A)), (ii) any other person that serves (or at any time has served) at the request of the General Partner on behalf of the Registrant (including any Senior Advisory Professionals and any Person who provides Specialized Operational Services or Foreign Office Services to the Partnership or any Portfolio Company) as an officer, director, partner (other than, for the avoidance of doubt, any limited partner in the Fund in his or her capacity as such), member, employee or agent of any other entity and (iii) to the extent that an indemnification obligation relates to the conduct of the Registrant’s Board, any Person who serves (or at any time has served) as a member of the Registrant’s Board and each Limited Partner (and its affiliates and their respective officers, directors, stockholders, partners, members, employees, agents and advisors) whom such Person represents (or at any time has represented). A Person that co-invests with the Registrant in an Investment shall not, by reason of such co-investment, become an Indemnified Person.
The Registrant will satisfy its indemnification obligations pursuant to the terms set forth in the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement. The Registrant may in the General Partner’s sole discretion advance expenses that are reasonably incurred by an Indemnified Person in the defense or settlement of any claim that is subject to indemnification.
For the avoidance of doubt, nothing in the Registrant’s Partnership Agreement constitutes a waiver of, in the case of a Limited Partner, any non-waivable right and, in the case of the General Partner and its affiliates, any such person’s non-waivable duties under applicable law.
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ITEM 13.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Set forth below is an index to the Registrant’s financial statement attached to this Registration Statement.
Index to Financial Statement*F-[ ]
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm*F-[ ]
Statement of Assets and Liabilities as of     , 2024*F-[ ]
Notes to Financial Statement*F-[ ]
*    To be filed by amendment.
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ITEM 14.    CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
There are not and have not been any disagreements between the Fund and its accountant on any matter of accounting principles, practices, or financial statement disclosure.
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ITEM 15.    FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS
(a)    List separately all financial statements filed
The financial statement attached to this Registration Statement is listed under “Item 13. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
(b)    Exhibits
3.3
Form of Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement*
4.1
Distribution Reinvestment Plan*
10.1Form of Investment Management Agreement*
21.1List of Subsidiaries – None.
*To be filed by amendment.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
TPG Private Equity Opportunities, L.P.
By:/s/ Jack Weingart
Name: Jack Weingart
Title: Chief Executive Officer
Date: December 30, 2024