20-F 1 k01184e20vf.htm TDK CORPORATION TDK CORPORATION
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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 20-F
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006
Commission file number 2-76735
TDK KABUSHIKI KAISHA
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
TDK CORPORATION
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
Japan
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
13-1, Nihonbashi 1-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8272 Japan
(Address of principal executive offices)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.
     
Title of each class   Name of each exchange on which registered
     
American Depositary Shares   New York Stock Exchange
     
     
Common stock   New York Stock Exchange
     
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.
None
 
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.
None
 
(Title of Class)
     Indicate the number of outstanding shares of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
Common stock
Outstanding as of March 31, 2006: 132,266,828 shares (excluding treasury stock)
 
 

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     Indicate by check mark whether if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the securities act.
Yes þ No o.
     Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ No o.
     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer þ           Accelerated filer o           Non-accelerated filer o.
     Indicate by a check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
Item 17 þ Item 18 o.
     If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No þ.
          All information contained in this Report is as of March 31, 2006 unless otherwise specified. Fiscal 2006, fiscal 2005, fiscal 2004, fiscal 2003 and fiscal 2002 of this Report indicate TDK Corporation’s fiscal period of the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
          The figures in this Report are expressed in yen and, solely for the convenience of the reader, are translated into United States dollars at the rate of ¥117 = U.S.$1, the approximate exchange rate prevailing on the Tokyo Foreign Exchange Market as of March 31, 2006. (See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.) On July 14, 2006 the noon buying rate for yen cable transfers in New York City as reported by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York was ¥116.33 = $1. This translation should not be construed as a representation that the amounts shown could be converted into U.S. dollars at such rate.
     Forward-Looking Statements
          This material contains forward-looking statements, including projections, plans, policies, management strategies, targets, schedules, understandings and evaluations, about TDK Corporation (“TDK”) and its group companies (TDK and its group companies are referred to also as “TDK” where the context so requires). These forward-looking statements are based on the current forecasts, estimates, assumptions, plans, beliefs and evaluations of TDK in light of information currently available to it, and contain known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. TDK therefore wishes to caution readers that, being subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, TDK’s actual results, performance, achievements or financial position could be materially different from any future results, performance, achievements or financial position expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, and TDK undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements after the issue of this material.
          The electronics markets in which TDK operates are highly susceptible to rapid changes. Risks, uncertainties and other factors that can have significant effects on TDK include, but are not limited to, shifts in technology, fluctuations in demand, prices, interest and foreign exchange rates, and changes in economic environments, conditions of competition, laws and regulations.

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  Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers 3
  Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable 3
  Key Information 4
  Information on the Company 11
  Unresolved Staff Comments 18
  Operating and Financial Review and Prospects 19
  Directors, Senior Management and Employees 48
  Major Shareholders and Related Party Transaction 67
  Financial Information 68
  The Offer and Listing 69
  Additional Information 71
  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 81
  Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities 82
   
  Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies 83
  Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds 83
  Controls and Procedures 83
  Audit Committee Financial Expert 83
  Code of Ethics 84
  Principal Accountant Fees and Services 84
  Exemptions from Listing Standards for Audit Committees 86
  Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers 87
   
  Financial Statements 88
 
       Independent Auditors’ Report 89
 
       Consolidated Financial Statements 90
 
       Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 95
 
       Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts 133
  Financial Statements 134
  Exhibits 134
 
       1.1 Articles of Incorporation (English translation)
 
       1.2 Regulations of the Board of Directors (English translation)
 
       2.1 Share Handling Regulations (English translation)
 
       8.1 List of Significant Subsidiaries
 
       11.1 TDK Code of Ethics (English translation)
 
       12.1 Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of CEO of the Company
 
       12.2 Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of CFO of the Company
 
       13.1 Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of CEO of the Company
 
       13.2 Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 of CFO of the Company
 EX-1.1 ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION (ENGLISH TRANSLATION)
 EX-1.2 REGULATION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS (ENGLISH TRANSLATION)
 EX-2.1 SHARE HANDLING REGULATIONS (ENGLISH TRANSLATION)
 EX-8.1 LIST OF SIGNIFICANT SUBSIDIARIES
 EX-11.1 TDK CODE OF ETHICS (ENGLISH TRANSLATION)
 EX-12.1 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 OF CEO OF THE COMPANY
 EX-12.2 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 OF CFO OF THE COMPANY
 EX-13.1 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 OF CEO OF THE COMPANY
 EX-13.2 CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 OF CFO OF THE COMPANY


Table of Contents

PART 1
Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
  A.   Directors and senior management
 
      Not applicable.
 
  B.   Advisers
 
      Not applicable.
 
  C.   Auditors
 
      Not applicable.
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
  A.   Offer statistics
 
      Not applicable.
 
  B.   Method and expected timetable
 
      Not applicable.

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Item 3. Key Information
  A.   Selected financial data
                                                 
                                            Thousands of
                                            U.S. dollars,
                                            except per
                                            share
    Millions of yen, except per share amounts           amounts (1)
    2006   2005   2004   2003   2002   2006
Net sales
  ¥ 795,180     ¥ 657,853     ¥ 655,792     ¥ 604,865     ¥ 564,286     $ 6,796,410  
 
                                               
Cost of sales
    585,780       484,323       476,407       459,552       463,331       5,006,666  
 
                                               
Gross profit
    209,400       173,530       179,385       145,313       100,955       1,789,744  
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    142,052       119,886       122,875       115,569       115,696       1,214,120  
Transfer to the government of the substitutional portion of Employees’ Pension Fund:
                                               
Subsidy from the government
          (33,533 )                        
Loss on settlement
          27,347                          
Restructuring cost
    6,825                   5,197       25,489       58,333  
Operating income (loss)
    60,523       59,830       56,510       24,547       (40,230 )     517,291  
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
    66,103       60,728       55,847       20,552       (40,230 )     564,983  
Income (loss) from continuing operations
    44,411       36,965       43,355       13,593       (23,619 )     379,581  
Loss from discontinued operations
    310       3,665       1,254       1,574       2,152       2,649  
Net income (loss)
    44,101       33,300       42,101       12,019       (25,771 )     376,932  
Per Common Share:
                                               
Income (loss) from continuing operations per share:
                                               
Basic
  ¥ 335.84     ¥ 279.41     ¥ 327.27     ¥ 102.42     ¥ (177.72 )   $ 2.87  
Diluted
    335.54       279.25       327.15       102.42       (177.72 )     2.87  
Loss from discontinued operations per share:
                                               
Basic
  ¥ (2.34 )   ¥ (27.70 )   ¥ (9.47 )   ¥ (11.86 )   ¥ (16.19 )   $ (0.02 )
Diluted
    (2.34 )     (27.69 )     (9.46 )     (11.86 )     (16.19 )     (0.02 )
Net income (loss) per share:
                                               
Basic
  ¥ 333.50     ¥ 251.71     ¥ 317.80     ¥ 90.56     ¥ (193.91 )   $ 2.85  
Diluted
    333.20       251.56       317.69       90.56       (193.91 )     2.85  
 
Cash dividends
  ¥ 80.00     ¥ 60.00     ¥ 50.00     ¥ 45.00     ¥ 60.00          
U.S. Dollar equivalents (2)
  $ 0.68     $ 0.56     $ 0.47     $ 0.38     $ 0.45          

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    Millions of yen, except per share amounts     Thousands of
    and exchange rate for yen     U.S. dollars (1)
            2006   2005   2004   2003   2002   2006
Net working capital (3)
          ¥ 397,131     ¥ 379,746     ¥ 360,555     ¥ 315,948     ¥ 288,865     $ 3,394,282  
 
                                                       
Total assets
            923,503       808,001       770,319       747,337       749,910       7,893,188  
 
                                                       
Short-term indebtedness
        6,427       103       416       1,919       2,312       54,932  
 
                                                       
Long-term indebtedness
        405       81       27       94       459       3,462  
 
                                                       
Retirement and severance benefits
            26,790       28,839       73,521       84,971       49,992       228,974  
 
                                                       
Stockholders’ equity
        702,419       639,067       576,219       553,885       583,927       6,003,581  
 
                                                       
Number of shares outstanding (in thousands)
            132,267       132,245       132,409       132,625       132,860          
                                 
Yen exchange rates per U.S. dollar (4)   Average     Term end     High     Low  
Year ended March 31:
                               
2002
    125.64       132.70       134.77       115.89  
2003
    121.10       118.07       133.40       115.71  
2004
    112.75       104.18       120.55       104.18  
2005
    107.28       107.22       114.30       102.26  
2006
    113.67       117.48       120.93       104.64  
2007 (through July 14, 2006)
    114.22       116.33       118.66       110.07  
 
                               
January, 2006
                    117.55       113.96  
February, 2006
                    118.95       115.82  
March, 2006
                    119.07       115.89  
April, 2006
                    118.66       113.79  
May, 2006
                    113.46       110.07  
June, 2006
                    116.42       111.66  
Notes:
     
(1)   Translated, except for cash dividend amounts, for convenience of the reader into U.S. dollars at the rate of ¥117 = $1, the approximate rate on the Tokyo Foreign Exchange Market on March 31, 2006.
 
(2)   Translated based on the rates specified in Note (4) below on the respective dates of semi-annual payments for each year.
 
(3)   Net working capital is defined as current assets less current liabilities.
 
(4)   Based on the noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers in foreign currencies as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The average rates are computed based on the exchange rates on the last day of each month during the year.
B.   Capitalization and indebtedness
 
    Not applicable.
 
C.   Reasons for the offer and use of proceeds
 
    Not applicable.

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D.   Risk factors
     Our business is exposed to fluctuations in economic conditions that may adversely affect our business results and financial condition.
          The electronics industry, our field of operations, is highly susceptible to economic trends in the U.S., Europe, China and Japan, which are the main markets of end products. In addition, these countries are constantly grappling with various risk factors such as international issues and economic fluctuations. Furthermore, the digital consumer products field is significantly affected by the extremely fast pace of technological innovation and competition in the development of new products as well as changes in economic conditions. Changes in the economic environments from our expectations could significantly affect our business results and financial condition.
     Fluctuations in currency exchange rates could adversely affect our business results and financial condition.
          We import and export products between different regions of the world as we conduct our business activities in countries around the globe. Sudden changes in foreign currency exchange rates affect company transactions between regions and costs and prices of our products and services at overseas bases, which consequently have effects on our business results such as sales and income. Such fluctuations also give rise to conversion differences with respect to our investments in overseas assets and liabilities, which are converted into Japanese yen in our consolidated financial statements.
          Therefore, significant fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could have a significant adverse effect on our business results and financial condition.
     We are susceptible to risks involved with selling our products in markets outside of Japan.
          One of our corporate strategies is to expand in markets outside Japan as we conduct business in countries around the world. Overseas sales account for more than 70 percent of total sales on a consolidated basis.
          However, in many of these markets, we may be exposed to international political risks, such as war, terrorism and other events; economic risks, such as fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and trade friction; and social risks, including disease, labor problems stemming from differences in cultures and customs. Such risks may give rise to changes of a far greater magnitude than we anticipate. We may also face unexpected barriers in building relationships with trading partners due to differences in commercial and business customs. Manifestation of these risks could lower productivity in manufacturing processes, undermining the competitiveness of products and also hinder sales activities and result in other negative consequences. These outcomes could in turn have a significant adverse effect on our business results and financial condition.
     A slow-down of the Chinese economy, adverse changes in political and economic policies of the Chinese government, or other factors in China may reduce our growth and profitability.
          We have many production bases in China for mainstay products, such as HDD heads. China is a country in the midst of strong economic growth. We have also established a system for supplying both local companies and customers that have been setting up operations in China. Furthermore, we plan to expand business further in this country.
          However, in the event that political factors (such as changes in laws and regulations), economic factors (such as the continuity of high growth, fluctuations in Renminbi (RMB) against U.S. dollars and problems with electric power supply and other infrastructure) and social factors cause unexpected events in China, there could be a material adverse effect on our growth and profitability.

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     We may not be able to compete effectively with respect to prices, which would have a material adverse effect on our profitability.
          We supply products in a broad range of fields in an electronics industry defined by intense competition. These fields include IT and communications devices such as digital home appliances, PCs and mobiles phones. In this industry, price is one of the main competitive factors differentiating us from other companies, while leading Japanese companies and Asian companies in South Korea and Taiwan have fueled intense price-based competition.
          However, pressure continues to mount from customers for price discounts. In the event that the fall in prices far exceeds our expectations or becomes protracted, there could be a material adverse effect on our profitability.
     Rapid changes in technology could adversely affect our business and hurt our competitive position.
          We believe that our ability to increase sales by developing appealing, innovative products has an important role to play in our growth. However, it is extremely difficult to predict future demand in the rapidly changing electronics industry and develop new technologies to meet that demand. We may fail to develop and supply in a timely manner attractive, new products with innovative technologies for this industry and our markets. In the event that we misread the industry and market and/or are slow in developing innovative technologies on a cost competitive basis, actual earnings could differ significantly from our forecasts. At the same time, we may cease to be able to compete in markets, resulting in a significant adverse effect on our business results and growth prospects.
     Claims of product liability and other issues associated with the quality of our products could adversely affect our business results and brand name.
          We manufacture various products at overseas manufacturing bases that we are developing globally in accordance with ISO (International Organization for Standardization) quality management standards (ISO 9001) and the strict standards required by customers in the electronics industry, where technological innovation is remarkable.
          We cannot be fully certain, however, that all of our products are defect-free and immune from recalls at some later date. A product recall or a product liability claim against us caused by product defects could result in recall costs or damage claims, lower sales and have a negative impact on our reputation and brand, endangering our continued existence. A situation resulting from poor product quality due to a major product defect could have a materially adverse effect on our business results and brand name.
     Our proprietary technology is difficult to protect and unauthorized use of our proprietary technology by third parties may reduce the value of our products and brand and impair our ability to compete effectively.
          Our growth depends to a great extent on our ability to obtain patents, licenses and other intellectual property rights covering our products, product designs and manufacturing processes.
          However, there are cases where our intellectual property rights cannot be fully protected in a particular region for reasons unique to that region. Furthermore, we may suffer damages resulting from the manufacture by a third party of similar products to our own with the unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights. The failure to protect intellectual property rights of others could reduce the value of our products and brand and impair our ability to compete effectively.

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     Our business may suffer if we are sued for infringing upon the intellectual property rights of third parties.
          There may be cases where it is alleged that our products infringe on the intellectual property rights of third parties. Regarding problems relating to the infringement of such intellectual property rights, we may suffer damages or may be sued for damages. In either case, settlement negotiations and legal procedures would be inevitable and could be expected to be lengthy and expensive. If our assertions are not accepted in such disputes, we may have to pay damages and royalties and suffer losses such as the loss of markets.
          The failure to prevent infringement on the rights of others could have a materially adverse effect on our business development and business results and financial condition.
     Our success depends on attracting and retaining highly-skilled employees, and we would suffer material adverse effects if we are unable to do so.
          To prevail against fierce competition in the electronics industry, we believe that it is necessary to recruit and retain staff possessing advanced technical skills. Regarding personnel with superior management ability, such as with respect to the ability to formulate strategy and organizational management, we believe that it is necessary to upgrade skills at an advanced level.
          However, intense competition to recruit such skilled employees is not limited to the industries where we are active. Moreover, in Japan, there is increasing fluidity in the labor market caused by revisions to the life-time employment system and other developments. These and other factors mean there is no guarantee that we will continue to be able to recruit and retain skilled employees. The inability to recruit and train personnel as planned could have a materially adverse effect on the our operations, business results and growth prospects.
     We are dependent on certain raw materials and other products, and our business will suffer if we are unable to procure such materials.
          Our manufacturing system is premised on deliveries of raw materials, components, equipment and other supplies in adequate quality and quantity in a timely manner from many external suppliers. In new product development, we may rely on certain irreplaceable suppliers for materials.
          Because of this, there may be cases where supplies of raw materials and other products to us are interrupted by an accident or some other event at a supplier, supply is suspended due to quality or other issues, or there is a shortage of or instability in supply due to a rapid increase in demand for finished products that use certain materials and products. If any of these situations becomes protracted, we may have difficulty finding substitutes in a timely manner from other suppliers, which could have a significant, adverse effect on our production and prevent us from fulfilling our responsibilities to supply products to our customers. Furthermore, if an imbalance arises in the supply-demand equation, there could be a spike in the price of raw materials. In the event of these or other similar occurrences, there could be a material adverse effect on our business results and financial condition.
     Increased government regulation of our industry or changes in those regulations, whether in Japan or overseas, may limit our ability to compete effectively.
          We are subject to various regulations in Japan and other countries where we conduct business. These include approval for conducting business and making investments, laws and regulations governing the safety of electric and electronic products, laws and regulations relating to national security between nations, and export/import laws and regulations. We are also subject to commercial, antitrust, patent, product liability, environmental, consumer and business taxation laws and regulations.
          In the event that these laws and regulations become more stringent in the future, our business development could be affected in no small way and we may incur various additional operating costs. Furthermore, in the event that we are unable to respond appropriately to these laws and regulations, we may be forced to partially withdraw from certain businesses or take other actions.
          Government laws and regulations in their various forms may limit our ability to compete effectively.

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     Fluctuations in interest rates may have an adverse effect on our profitability.
          Although we attempt to limit our borrowings from third parties, from time to time, we or our subsidiaries may need to borrow funds from such third parties. To the extent that interest rates increase, we or our subsidiaries may be subject to higher interest expenses. In contrast, a protracted period of low interest rates also may have an adverse effect on us by limiting our interest income from investments. Low interest rates also may require us to make additional contributions to pension benefit funds since the assets of those funds may become under funded. Either of these changes could have a material adverse effect on our business results and financial condition.
     We are developing a business strategy whereby we sell to a concentrated number of Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), and are thus susceptible to adverse changes with respect to the business of such OEMs.
          We are developing on a global scale an OEM business, whereby we supply mainly electronic components to electronics manufacturers, personal computer (PC) makers and other customers.
          However, supplies to these customers are significantly affected by various factors that are beyond our control such as changes in each customer’s business results and management strategies. A drop-off in purchasing demand due to poor business results at major customers, changes in customers’ purchasing plans and policies, the unexpected termination of contracts and other occurrences could result in our profit margins being reduced due to discounting pressure from customers or our being left holding large amounts of inventory.
          During fiscal 2006, Maxtor Peripherals (S) Pte. Ltd., our major customer related to the electronic materials and components business with sales of 11.5 percent of consolidated net sales in 2006, agreed to be acquired by a competitor. The acquisition was completed in May 2006. During the year ended March 31, 2007. TDK will be losing the majority of the sales from this customer that it recorded in the year ended March 31, 2006.
          Customers’ business results, changes in management strategy or other factors could thus have a material adverse effect on our business results and financial condition.
     Our operations depend on facilities throughout the world and are subject to forces of nature that could disrupt our ability to serve our customers.
          We have many production sites and R&D facilities in Japan and overseas. These facilities and plants have taken measures to prevent damage caused by natural disasters. However, these facilities and plants could still suffer significant damage due to a force majeure event such as a large earthquake, typhoon or flood that far exceeds any level expected. In the event of interruption to manufacturing, disruption of transportation routes, damage to or disconnection of information and communications infrastructure, our ability to supply our customers could be affected for a long period of time. This situation could have a material adverse effect on our business results and financial condition.
     If we are unable to comply with the various environmental laws and regulations to which we are subject, we may have to withdraw from certain business activities, which would have an adverse effect on our brand and business operations.
          We are subject to various environmental laws and regulations with respect to industrial waste and emissions into the atmosphere and water from our production processes in Japan and overseas, and specified hazardous chemical substances used in the products. From the perspective of environmental protection, environmental regulations are expected to become increasingly stringent in the future, and expenses are expected to increase for responding to these regulations.
          We are engaged in various activities to help protect the environment, including complying with environmental regulations. However, if we have difficulty responding appropriately to these demands and laws and regulations, we may be forced to withdraw from certain business activities impacting our brand name, and in consequence could have a material adverse effect on our business results and financial condition.

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     Japan’s Unit Share System could affect access to Japanese markets by holders of American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”), which could adversely affect the price of our shares.
          Pursuant to our Articles of Incorporation, 100 of our shares constitute one unit. A holder who owns ADRs evidencing less than 100 ADSs will indirectly own less than a whole unit of shares of Common Stock. Although, under the unit share system holders of less than a unit have the right to require us to purchase their shares, holders of ADRs evidencing ADSs that represent other than integral multiples of whole units are unable to withdraw the underlying shares of Common Stock representing less than a unit and, therefore, are unable to exercise the rights to require us to purchase such underlying shares at this time. As a result, access to the Japanese markets by holders of ADRs through the withdrawal mechanism will not be available for dispositions of shares of Common Stock in lots less than a unit. The unit share system does not affect the transferability of ADSs, which may be transferred in lots of any size.
     Holders of American Depositary Shares have limited rights, which could adversely affect the price of our shares.
          The rights of shareholders under Japanese law to take actions, including voting their shares, receiving dividends and distributions, bringing derivative actions, examining our accounting books and records and exercising appraisal rights are available only to shareholders of record. Citibank, N.A., through its custodian agent, is the record holder of the shares underlying the ADSs, and therefore only it can exercise the rights of shareholders in connection with the deposited shares. The depositary has agreed to endeavor to vote the shares underlying ADSs in accordance with the instructions of ADS holders and to pay the dividends and distributions collected from us. However, ADS holders will not be able to bring a derivative action, examine our accounting books and records or exercise appraisal rights through the depositary.
          We are incorporated in Japan and a substantial portion of our assets are located outside of the United States (U.S.). As a result, it may be more difficult for investors to enforce against us judgments obtained in U.S. courts predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the Federal securities laws of the United States, including the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or judgments obtained in other courts outside of Japan. In addition, there is doubt as to the enforceability in Japanese courts, in original actions or in actions for enforcements of judgments of U.S. courts, of civil liabilities based solely upon violation of these Federal securities laws of the United States.
     Because we have not yet completed the implementation of the SEC’s requirements with respect to internal controls over financial reporting, we might not be aware of weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting that could adversely affect our ability to report our financial results timely and accurately.
          The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that management maintain, evaluate and report on internal controls over financial reporting. As a foreign private issuer, we will be required to comply with this requirement for our fiscal year ending March 31, 2007. Currently, we are engaged in the process of assessing our existing internal controls over financial reporting to ensure our compliance with the new requirements. As a result, we might not be aware of weaknesses that could exist and that might be identified once the evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting has been completed. In addition, there is a risk that we may not be able to implement our internal controls and procedures over financial reporting in the time frame allowed by the Sarbanes-Oxley requirements.

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Item 4. Information on the Company
     A. History and development of the Company
     History
          TDK Corporation (TDK Kabushiki Kaisha) is a corporation formed under the Commercial Code of Japan. TDK’s principal place of business is at 13-1, Nihonbashi 1-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8272 Japan and the telephone number is +81-3-5201-7102. The agent in the U.S. for purposes of this Item 4 is TDK U.S.A. Corporation, 901 Franklin Avenue, P.O. Box 9302, Garden City, New York, NY 11530.
          TDK is the world’s leading manufacturer of recording media, ferrite products and recording device products, and a major producer of inductor, ceramic capacitor, magnet, HDD head and other components. TDK is a Tokyo-based company founded on December 7, 1935 to commercialize ferrite.
          Historically, TDK’s growth has been centered on ferrite, a material invented in 1933 by Doctor Yogoro Kato and Doctor Takeshi Takei. Ferrite is indispensable as a magnetic substance in the manufacture of electronic equipment. It is a magnetic material with a ceramic structure composed of iron oxide and other metallic oxides. Its advantages over other magnetic materials include higher resistivity and thus lower eddy current loss while maintaining superior permeability and flux density. Based on its strong materials knowledge and production technology, TDK expanded into ceramic capacitors and magnetic recording tapes in the early 1950s, and ferrite magnets and coil components in the early 1960s. In the early 1980s, TDK began production of a magnetic head, continuing development to its modern day product the “HDD head”. Since the 1990s, TDK has promoted the establishment of world-wide research and development organizations and environmental management efforts. TDK has continued to broaden its product development programs by building up expertise in materials technology and new recording-related products.
          In the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, TDK’s capital expenditures were ¥73.9 billion ($632 million), ¥61.0 billion and ¥44.5 billion, respectively. For further information of TDK’s capital expenditures, see “Capital Expenditures” included in Item 5.B. “Liquidity and capital resources”.
          TDK is planning capital expenditures of ¥70.0 billion ($598 million) in fiscal 2007, primarily for the expansion of production facilities and upgrading of facilities. Regarding TDK’s capital expenditure plans, TDK’s policy is to invest actively in targeted strategic fields to drive growth.

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     B. Business overview
     Sales by product category
          TDK’s sales are generated by two business segments: electronic materials and components, and recording media. In fiscal 2006, “Semiconductors and others” and “Recording Media and Systems” were renamed “Other electronic components” and “Recording Media”, respectively. There were no changes in product classifications.
          The following is a breakdown of consolidated net sales of TDK and its consolidated subsidiaries by business segment for fiscal 2006, 2005 and 2004:
                                 
    Years ended March 31  
    2006     2005     2004     2006  
            (millions of yen)             (millions of U.S.  
            (%)             dollars)  
Electronic Materials and Components:
                               
 
                               
Electronic materials
  ¥ 180,766       ¥174,800     ¥ 166,818       $1,545.0  
 
    (22.7 )     (26.6 )     (25.4 )        
Electronic devices
    154,680       116,387       107,999       1,322.1  
 
    (19.5 )     (17.7 )     (16.5 )        
Recording devices
    315,928       234,578       230,105       2,700.2  
 
    (39.7 )     (35.7 )     (35.1 )        
Other electronic components
    36,376       19,449       14,870       310.9  
 
    (4.6 )     (2.9 )     (2.3 )        
 
                           
Sub total
    687,750       545,214       519,792       5,878.2  
 
    (86.5 )     (82.9 )     (79.3 )        
 
                           
 
                               
Recording Media
    107,430       112,639       136,000       918.2  
 
    (13.5 )     (17.1 )     (20.7 )        
 
                               
 
                           
Total
  ¥ 795,180       ¥657,853     ¥ 655,792       $6,796.4  
 
    (100.0 )     (100.0 )     (100.0 )        
 
                           
     Notes:
     
 
  The business segment information is required by the Japanese Securities Exchange Law. Segment information is unaudited.
Electronic Materials and Components TDK’s electronic materials and components are divided into four principal categories: (i) electronic materials; (ii) electronic devices; (iii) recording devices; and (iv) other electronic components. Overall business results of each category in fiscal 2006 compared to fiscal 2005 are as follows.
(i) Electronic materials The electronics materials sector is broken down into two product categories: capacitors, and ferrite cores and magnets.
          Sales of capacitors increased marginally year over year, as the impact on sales of sluggish demand in the communications market and falling prices was offset by higher sales to the car electronics market. A weaker yen also supported sales.
          Sales of ferrite cores and magnets rose year over year. Sales of ferrite cores were largely unchanged, as higher sales from increasing demand for power supply cores was negated by lower sales of cores used in CRT TVs. Ferrite magnet sales were also largely unchanged, with lower demand stemming from customer inventory cutbacks offset by higher sales of products to the car electronics market. Sales of rare-earth magnets rose on increasing HDD demand.

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(ii) Electronic devices The electronic devices sector has three product categories: inductive devices, high-frequency components and other products.
          The growth of sales in this sector was mainly due to the inclusion of the operating results of Lambda Power Business from the second half of the fiscal year. Lambda Power Business was acquired by TDK from U.K.-based Invensys plc. on October 1, 2005. However, even excluding these sales, existing businesses in this sector posted year over year growth.
          Sales of inductive devices increased mainly due to growth in sales of power line coils for use in mobile phones and HDDs, and in sales of products for use in car electronics.
          Sales of high-frequency components were down year over year. While sales of wireless LAN components rose, total category sales were brought down by further declines in sales prices of some components for mobile phones.
          Sales of other products rose year over year. The main factors were growth in sales of DC-AC inverters for use in LCD panels and of sensors and actuators for HDDs and mobile phones. The inclusion of six months’ sales of Lambda Power Business in this category also boosted sales.
(iii) Recording devices The recording devices sector has two product categories: HDD heads and other heads.
          Sales of HDD heads increased year over year. Amid rising demand for HDDs used in PCs and consumer electronics, HDD head shipments increased. This higher volume outweighed a drop in sales prices, resulting in an increase in overall sales.
          Sales of other heads declined due to inventory reductions of optical pickups.
(iv) Other electronic components The other electronic components sector includes all other products in the electronic materials and components segment not included in the three sectors above. The main products are organic EL displays, anechoic chambers and manufacturing equipment.
          Sales of this sector surged due to higher sales of anechoic chambers, which block external electromagnetic radiation to permit the measurement of electromagnetic noise, and due to sales growth in new businesses.
Recording Media The recording media segment has three product categories: audiotapes and videotapes, optical media and other products. In March 2006, TDK decided to restructure certain of its recording media business, including the withdrawal from the manufacturing of recordable CD and DVDs. With this decision, TDK shut down the production facilities at its European subsidiary, TDK Recording Media Europe S.A. in Luxembourg in April 2006.
          Sales of audiotape and videotapes declined year over year. While TDK maintained a high market share, demand is declining for these products as a whole.
          Sales of optical media increased year over year. CD-R demand has peaked and is declining slowly. However, lower CD-R sales caused by the downturn in demand and discounting pressure were offset by higher sales of DVDs driven by increasing demand.
          Sales of other products decreased year over year. Sales of LTO-standard* (Linear Tape-Open) tape-based data storage media for computers rose on higher demand. However, sales of recording equipment and accessory products declined as TDK made progress with efforts to create a more tightly focused product lineup.
 
* Linear Tape-Open, LTO, LTO logo, Ultrium and Ultrium logo are trademarks of HP, IBM and Quantum Corporation in the U.S. and other countries.

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     Marketing and Distribution
     Marketing channels in Japan
          TDK markets electronic materials and components in Japan through its sales division, which had approximately 304 sales representatives at March 31, 2006.
          In Japan, TDK markets magnetic recording tapes and optical disks through 5 district sales offices with a staff of 88. Approximately 50 percent of domestic sales of TDK brand products are made to approximately 116 distribution agents. These agents in turn sell TDK brand products to over 40,000 retailers in Japan. Remaining TDK brand products are sold directly to approximately 5,500 retail stores in Japan. OEM sales are made to certain manufacturers as well.
     Operations outside Japan
          TDK has 70 direct and indirect foreign subsidiaries as follows: 29 manufacture various product lines and distribute their products in their country of operation and other countries; 20 are sales subsidiaries which exclusively handle products manufactured by TDK; 1 is a holding company for the administration of TDK’s U.S. operations; 1 is a holding company for the administration of TDK’s European operations; 1 is a company for research and development in Ireland; 2 are companies for research and development in the U.S.; 1 is a company for engineering service for magnetic heads in Singapore; 1 is a local management company for the administration of TDK’s Chinese operations; 1 is a company for engineering service for magnetic heads in China; 1 is a company for engineering service for magnetic heads in Korea; 1 is a holding company for the administration of Lambda’s U.S. operations; 1 is a company for the administration in Canada; 1 is a holding company for the administration of Lambda’s European operations; 1 is a company for engineering service for switching power supplies; 3 are dormant companies and 5 are companies in the course of liquidation. Principal manufacturing or assembly operations are conducted by subsidiaries in the following countries:
         
China
  -   GMR heads, inductors, ferrite cores, capacitors, transformer, power supplies and ferrite magnets
United States
  -   GMR heads, capacitors, ferrite magnets and power supplies
Luxembourg
  -   Videotapes, CD-Rs and DVDs
Taiwan
  -   Capacitors, ferrite cores and power supplies
Philippines
  -   GMR heads
Thailand
  -   Audiotapes, rare-earth metal magnets and power supplies
Malaysia
  -   Capacitors and high-frequency components
Korea
  -   Capacitors and inductors
Hungary
  -   Capacitors and ferrite cores
Hong Kong
  -   Ferrite cores
          A manufacturing subsidiary in Luxembourg has ceased operation in April 2006.
          In addition, TDK has sales subsidiaries in Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, Brazil, Poland, China, Philippines, France, Italy and Sweden.
     TDK is pursuing a policy of expanding overseas production, which enables TDK to more easily adapt to fluctuating exchange rates and potential trade barriers. Production outside Japan as a percentage of sales outside Japan was 79.0 percent in fiscal 2006, 81.9 percent in fiscal 2005 and 78.9 percent in fiscal 2004.
     Outside of Japan, TDK relies on a combination of its sales force, distribution agents, retailers and directed sales efforts to market its products.

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     Consolidated net sales of TDK and consolidated subsidiaries by geographical area for fiscal 2006, 2005 and 2004 were as follows:
                                                         
    Years ended March 31  
    2006     2005     2004     2006  
                    (millions of yen)     (%)                     (millions of  
                                                    U.S. dollars)  
Japan
  ¥ 168,554       (21.2 )     ¥159,487       (24.2 )   ¥ 161,607       (24.6 )   $ 1,440.6  
 
                                                       
North America
    65,931       (8.3 )     58,850       (9.0 )     71,224       (10.9 )     563.5  
 
                                                       
Europe
    74,846       (9.4 )     71,085       (10.8 )     80,233       (12.2 )     639.7  
 
                                                       
Asia and others
    485,849       (61.1 )     368,431       (56.0 )     342,728       (52.3 )     4,152.6  
 
                                           
 
                                                       
Total
  ¥ 795,180       (100.0 )     ¥657,853       (100.0 )   ¥ 655,792       (100.0 )   $ 6,796.4  
 
                                           
     Notes:
     
 
  Net sales in each geographic area are based on the location of TDK entities where the external sales are generated.
     Patents and Licenses
          TDK has a variety of patents in Japan and other countries, and also has licenses from other companies. It believes that expiration of any one of its patents or licenses or related group of patents or licenses would not materially adversely affect its business activities. TDK does not believe that acquisition of new proprietary patents or other companies’ patents would have a material effect on operating results in the future.
     Competition
          In electronic materials and components, rapid technological innovation makes technological improvement a particularly significant competitive factor in the industry. Product performance characteristics, reliability, price, and the diversity of product line-ups are also significant competitive factors. In general, TDK’s ferrite and other products compete with similar products made of other materials. For many applications in which specific performance characteristics are required, however, competition with other materials is not significant.
          In Japan and elsewhere, the markets in which TDK sells its products are highly competitive. TDK believes that the principal elements of competition in recording media are price, brand recognition, product quality, and marketing strategy. While the Japanese, American and European optical disks markets have grown in terms of volume, they have continued to be plagued by severe price competition. However, TDK has consistently promoted internationalization in manufacturing and marketing and has maintained strategic sales in regions where high profitability is expected. Meanwhile, TDK has implemented further cost-reduction programs and is increasing its competitive strength in other ways, notably through the expansion of overseas production.

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     Raw Materials and Sources of Supply
          TDK purchases a wide variety of raw materials, machines, tools and parts for use in the manufacture of its products. The principal raw materials purchased include plastic resin, used to mould tape cassette shell and in packaging, magnetic powder of iron oxide, base film for magnetic tape and various electronic and mechanical parts. For products manufactured in Japan, TDK purchases such raw materials from approximately 1,900 different sources, primarily in Japan. However, TDK purchases base tape from mainly three suppliers in Japan, although alternative sources of supply exist. Recently TDK increased its purchases from overseas and also increased local procurement of raw materials. No single source accounted for more than 10 percent of total purchases for fiscal 2006.
          TDK monitors the availability of raw materials on a regular basis to ensure that it will not encounter any shortages. TDK has not experienced any significant difficulty in obtaining raw materials and believes that it will be able to continue to obtain comparable raw materials in sufficient quantities to meet its manufacturing needs in the future. TDK also believes that the effect of price volatility with respect to raw materials that it uses in manufacturing its products can be managed.
     C. Organizational structure
          As of March 31, 2006, TDK had 70 overseas subsidiaries and 20 Japanese subsidiaries. See Exhibit 8.1 “List of Significant Subsidiaries” for further information.

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     D. Property, plants and equipment
          TDK’s manufacturing operations are conducted primarily at 35 plants in Japan and 28 plants overseas.
          The following table sets forth information, as of March 31, 2006, with respect to TDK’s manufacturing facilities, approximately 76 percent (in terms of floor space) of which are owned by TDK.
                     
    Number of   Floor space    
    principal   (thousands of    
Location   factories   square feet)   Principal products manufactured
Japan
                   
Akita
    16       2,065     Capacitors, ferrite cores, inductors and high-frequency components
Nagano
    4       1,150     GMR heads and optical disks
Chiba
    1       663     Rare-earth metal magnets, ferrite cores and power supplies
Yamanashi
    3       603     GMR heads and data storage tapes
Oita
    1       471     Videotapes
Shizuoka
    2       465     Ferrite magnets
Yamagata
    3       345     Inductors
Iwate
    1       298     Capacitors
Ibaraki
    3       219     Display and power supplies
Niigata
    1       54     Power supplies
 
                   
Overseas
                   
China
    9       4,155     GMR heads, inductors, ferrite cores, capacitors, transformer, power supplies and ferrite magnets
United States of America
    7       746     GMR heads, capacitors, ferrite magnets and power supplies
Luxembourg
    1       494     Videotapes, CD-Rs and DVDs
Philippines
    1       441     GMR heads
Thailand
    2       435     Audiotapes, rare-earth metal magnets and power supplies
Malaysia
    2       364     Capacitors and high-frequency components
Taiwan
    1       345     Capacitors, ferrite cores and power supplies
Korea
    1       164     Capacitors and inductors
Hungary
    1       160     Capacitors and ferrite cores
England
    1       42     Power supplies
Hong Kong
    1       42     Ferrite cores
Israel
    1       28     Power supplies
Total
    63       13,749      
          TDK considers all of its principal manufacturing facilities and other significant properties to be in good condition and adequate to meet the needs of its operations. TDK owns each of its significant properties.
          Though TDK included 1 plant in Luxembourg (494 thousand square feet) in the above table, this plant has ceased operation in April 2006.

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     In addition, TDK utilizes additional floor space at the above plants and elsewhere for laboratories, office buildings, and employee housing and welfare facilities, with an aggregate floor space of 6,530 thousand square feet, of which approximately 51 percent is owned by TDK and the balance is leased to TDK.
Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments
     None.

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Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
     Overview
          TDK was established in 1935 as the world’s first company to commercialize a magnetic material called ferrite. In the ensuing years, TDK has developed and commercialized a host of other materials and products. This drive is based on TDK’s founding spirit of “Contribute to culture and industry through creativity.”
          Looking ahead, TDK is determined to further refine its materials, process, and evaluation & simulation technologies-its core technologies-aiming to be an Exciting Company, a consummate e-material solution provider that delivers products imbuing value that customers want with perfect timing.
          TDK’s operations are affected by the economies of various regions of the world, including Japan, the United States, Europe and Asia. Looking at economic conditions worldwide during the past fiscal year, the U.S. economy grew on the back of steadily rising consumer spending, which was supported by a strong job market, and higher levels of capital expenditures in the corporate sector. Meanwhile, European economies tended toward recovery due to a strong corporate sector, led by German companies, and the add-on effects of this recovery on employment and consumer spending. In Asia, China maintained a high economic growth rate and economies elsewhere in the region grew as well. Expansion was also evident in the Japanese economy, with capital expenditures rising due to increased production activity in the corporate sector and personal spending increasing as the job market improved.
          In the electronics industry, to which TDK belongs, there was growth in the market for digital home appliances such as LCD and plasma flat-screen TVs and DVD recorders during the past fiscal year. The notebook PC, HDD and mobile phone markets also remained robust. There was rapid expansion, too, in the market for MP3 digital audio players, which store music using semiconductors or HDDs. The market for car electronics also remained firm. Strength in these markets, along with the beneficial effects of an increase in the number of components used in these products, produced solid demand in fiscal 2006 for TDK’s electronic components. Amid this operating environment, TDK made two corporate acquisitions and executed reforms to improve its profit structure in the recording media segment. In these and other ways, TDK thus actively invested to accelerate growth and increase its earnings.
          The electronic components business is constantly subject to two sources of downward pressure on prices. One is price discounting pressure from finished products manufacturers, the customers of electronic component manufacturers. The other is competition among manufacturers of electronic components.
          Demands for price discounts are the result of competition among finished product manufacturers being passed on to component manufacturers. As they compete with each other, consumer electronics manufacturers, customers of TDK, are constantly seeking ways to establish a competitive advantage. For example, these companies pursue strategies such as differentiating products by adding new functions to existing products, as well as securing a competitive edge through pricing. This sort of competition involving finished products tends to force companies to compete by launching new products, resulting in shorter product lifecycles and a greater risk of price declines.
          TDK’s electronic materials and components segment supplies products that are used mainly in digital home appliances, mobile phones and other consumer electronics as well as in automotive electronics. As such, this business is directly exposed to the effects of the competition outlined above. No change is foreseen in discounting pressure from customers in the coming years.
          Electronic component manufacturers, as with other industries, compete with peer companies. Consumer electronics manufacturers commonly certify several suppliers so that companies need to compete for orders. A company’s pricing strategy is a key element in determining the share of electronic components it supplies to finished product manufacturers. As a consequence, there is constantly downward pressure on prices.

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           The electronic components business thus requires the constant execution of initiatives to mitigate the effect of these pricing pressures. Actions to reduce costs are an obvious response. But it is also necessary to establish a position as a components manufacturer that can supply key components when customers launch new products. There is no substitute for product development activities aimed at supplying these key components. Price declines are thus inevitable in the electronic components business, but it is possible to reduce or absorb the effects of lower prices by implementing the above measures appropriately, when required. We believe that these actions are an inherently vital element that will ultimately determine the competitiveness of an electronic components business.
          TDK posted consolidated net sales of ¥795,180 million ($6,796,410 thousand) in fiscal 2006, up 20.9 percent from ¥657,853 million in fiscal 2005. Operating income rose 1.2 percent from ¥59,830 million in fiscal 2005 to ¥60,523 million ($517,291 thousand) in fiscal 2006. Income from continuing operations before income taxes increased 8.9 percent from ¥60,728 million in fiscal 2005 to ¥66,103 million ($564,983 thousand) in fiscal 2006. Net income rose 32.4 percent from ¥33,300 million in fiscal 2005 to ¥44,101 million ($376,932 thousand) in fiscal 2006. Basic net income per common share was ¥333.50 in fiscal 2006, up from ¥251.71 in fiscal 2005.
          On October 1, 2005, TDK purchased shares of Lambda Power Business (power supply business) owned by U.K.-based Invensys plc. Consequently, the operating results of 20 companies that form Lambda Power Business have been included in the TDK’s consolidated operating results beginning with the second half of fiscal 2006.
          TDK’s businesses are broadly classified into two business segments: the electronic materials and components segment and the recording media segment.
          Electronic Materials and Components Segment is made up of four product sectors: (1) electronic materials, (2) electronic devices, (3) recording devices, and (4) other electronic components, which we previously referred to as semiconductors and others. Segment net sales climbed 26.1 percent to ¥687,750 million ($5,878,205 thousand) in fiscal 2006, from ¥545,214 million in fiscal 2005, while segment operating income rose 10.1 percent to ¥74,333 million ($635,325 thousand) in fiscal 2006, from ¥67,520 million in fiscal 2005.
          Recording Media Segment, which we previously referred to as Recording Media & Systems, has three product categories: audiotapes and videotapes, optical media and other products. Segment sales declined 4.6 percent from ¥112,639 million in fiscal 2005 to ¥107,430 million ($918,205 thousand) in fiscal 2006. Operating loss of the recording media segment in fiscal 2006 was ¥13,810 million ($118,034 thousand), up ¥6,120 million from fiscal 2005. In March 2006, TDK decided to restructure certain of its recording media business, including the withdrawal from the manufacturing of recordable CD and DVDs, and recorded a restructuring cost of ¥6,825 million ($58,333 thousand).

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A. Operating Results
     Results of Operations
                                 
    Years ended March 31  
    2006     2005     2004     2006  
          (millions of yen)         (thousands  
            (%)             of dollars)  
Net sales
  ¥ 795,180     ¥ 657,853     ¥ 655,792     $ 6,796,410  
 
    (100.0 )     (100.0 )     (100.0 )        
Cost of sales
    585,780       484,323       476,407       5,006,666  
 
    (73.7 )     (73.6 )     (72.6 )        
Gross profit
    209,400       173,530       179,385       1,789,744  
 
    (26.3 )     (26.4 )     (27.4 )        
Selling, general and administrative expenses
    142,052       119,886       122,875       1,214,120  
 
    (17.9 )     (18.2 )     (18.8 )        
Transfer to the government of the substitutional portion of Employees’ Pension Fund:
                               
Subsidy from the government
          (33,533 )            
 
          (-5.1 )              
Loss on settlement
          27,347              
 
          (4.2 )              
Restructuring cost
    6,825                   58,333  
 
    (0.8 )                    
Operating income
    60,523       59,830       56,510       517,291  
 
    (7.6 )     (9.1 )     (8.6 )        
Other income (other deductions)
    5,580       898       (663 )     47,692  
 
    (0.7 )     (0.1 )     (-0.1 )        
Income taxes and minority interests, net of tax
    21,692       23,763       12,492       185,402  
 
    (2.7 )     (3.6 )     (1.9 )        
Loss from discontinued operations
    310       3,665       1,254       2,649  
 
    (0.1 )     (0.5 )     (0.2 )        
 
                       
Net income
  ¥ 44,101     ¥ 33,300     ¥ 42,101     $ 376,932  
 
    (5.5 )     (5.1 )     (6.4 )        
 
                       
     Sales by Region
                                 
    Years ended March 31  
    2006     2005     2004     2006  
          (millions of yen)         (millions  
            (%)             of dollars)  
Japan
  ¥ 173,658     ¥ 184,025     ¥ 168,623     $ 1,484,256  
 
    (21.8 )     (28.0 )     (25.7 )        
Americas
    90,192       77,813       88,734       770,872  
 
    (11.4 )     (11.8 )     (13.5 )        
Europe
    75,895       71,702       80,710       648,675  
 
    (9.5 )     (10.9 )     (12.3 )        
Asia (excluding Japan) and Oceania
    451,710       321,612       314,875       3,860,769  
 
    (56.8 )     (48.9 )     (48.0 )        
Middle East and Africa
    3,725       2,701       2,850       31,838  
 
    (0.5 )     (0.4 )     (0.5 )        
 
                       
Net sales
  ¥ 795,180     ¥ 657,853     ¥ 655,792     $ 6,796,410  
 
    (100.0 )     (100.0 )     (100.0 )        
 
                       
     This summary of sales by region is based on the location of the customer.

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     Segment Information
          The following industry and geographic segment information is required by the Japanese Securities Exchange Law. Segment information is unaudited.
Industry Segment Information
                                 
    Years ended March 31  
    2006     2005     2004     2006  
          (millions of yen)         (thousands  
                            of dollars)  
ELECTRONIC MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS
                               
Net sales
                               
External sales
  ¥ 687,750     ¥ 545,214     ¥ 519,792     $ 5,878,205  
Intersegment
                       
 
                       
Total revenue
    687,750       545,214       519,792       5,878,205  
 
    (100.0 %)     (100.0 %)     (100.0 %)     (100.0 %)
Operating expenses
    613,417       477,694       461,077       5,242,880  
 
    (89.2 %)     (87.6 %)     (88.7 %)     (89.2 %)
 
Operating income
  ¥ 74,333     ¥ 67,520     ¥ 58,715     $ 635,325  
 
    (10.8 %)     (12.4 %)     (11.3 %)     (10.8 %)
 
Identifiable assets
    672,596       537,593       505,178       5,748,684  
Depreciation and amortization
    53,599       47,409       46,293       458,111  
Capital expenditures
    71,070       57,192       40,084       607,436  
 
RECORDING MEDIA
                               
Net sales
                               
External sales
  ¥ 107,430     ¥ 112,639     ¥ 136,000     $ 918,205  
Intersegment
                       
 
                       
Total revenue
    107,430       112,639       136,000       918,205  
 
    (100.0 %)     (100.0 %)     (100.0 %)     (100.0 %)
Operating expenses
    121,240       120,329       138,205       1,036,239  
 
    (112.9 %)     (106.8 %)     (101.6 %)     (112.9 %)
 
Operating income (loss)
  ¥ (13,810 )   ¥ (7,690 )   ¥ (2,205 )   $ (118,034 )
 
    (-12.9 %)     (-6.8 %)     (-1.6 %)     (-12.9 %)
 
Identifiable assets
    79,109       84,160       97,186       676,145  
Depreciation and amortization
    4,941       5,397       4,433       42,231  
Capital expenditures
    2,841       3,813       4,387       24,282  
 
ELIMINATIONS AND CORPORATE
                               
Corporate assets
  ¥ 171,798     ¥ 186,248     ¥ 167,955     $ 1,468,359  
 
TOTAL
                               
Net sales
                               
External sales
  ¥ 795,180     ¥ 657,853     ¥ 655,792     $ 6,796,410  
Intersegment
                       
 
                       
Total revenue
    795,180       657,853       655,792       6,796,410  
 
    (100.0 %)     (100.0 %)     (100.0 %)     (100.0 %)
Operating expenses
    734,657       598,023       599,282       6,279,119  
 
    (92.4 %)     (90.9 %)     (91.4 %)     (92.4 %)
 
Operating income
  ¥ 60,523     ¥ 59,830     ¥ 56,510     $ 517,291  
 
    (7.6 %)     (9.1 %)     (8.6 %)     (7.6 %)
 
Identifiable and corporate assets
    923,503       808,001       770,319       7,893,188  
Depreciation and amortization
    58,540       52,806       50,726       500,342  
Capital expenditures
    73,911       61,005       44,471       631,718  
 

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Geographic Segment Information
                                 
    Years ended March 31        
    2006     2005     2004     2006  
    (millions of yen)     (thousands  
           of dollars)  
JAPAN
                               
Net sales (1)
  ¥ 360,210     ¥ 339,493     ¥ 329,782     $ 3,078,718  
Operating income
    49,437       26,382       8,538       422,539  
Identifiable assets
    347,942       305,717       316,695       2,973,863  
 
                               
AMERICAS
                               
Net sales (1)
    105,979       87,594       100,971       905,803  
Operating income
    9,995       5,496       4,985       85,427  
Identifiable assets
    100,611       70,844       65,584       859,923  
 
                               
EUROPE
                               
Net sales (1)
    76,240       71,682       80,641       651,624  
Operating income (loss)
    (9,996 )     (5,125 )     (115 )     (85,436 )
Identifiable assets
    45,729       44,961       51,797       390,846  
 
                               
ASIA AND OTHERS
                               
Net sales (1)
    531,824       400,866       380,781       4,545,504  
Operating income
    12,607       33,551       42,912       107,752  
Identifiable assets
    348,008       263,621       228,058       2,974,428  
 
                               
ELIMINATIONS AND CORPORATE
                               
Net sales (1)
    279,073       241,782       236,383       2,385,239  
Operating income (loss)
    1,520       474       (190 )     12,991  
Identifiable assets
    81,213       122,858       108,185       694,128  
 
                               
TOTAL
                               
Net sales
  ¥ 795,180     ¥ 657,853     ¥ 655,792     $ 6,796,410  
Operating income
    60,523       59,830       56,510       517,291  
 
Identifiable and corporate assets
    923,503       808,001       770,319       7,893,188  
 
 
                               
OVERSEAS SALES (2)
 
Americas
  ¥ 90,192     ¥ 77,813     ¥ 88,734     $ 770,872  
Europe
    75,895       71,702       80,710       648,675  
Asia and others
    455,435       324,313       317,725       3,892,607  
Overseas sales total
  ¥ 621,522     ¥ 473,828     ¥ 487,169     $ 5,312,154  
Percentage of consolidated sales
    78.2 %     72.0 %     74.3 %     78.2 %
     
Notes:
 
(1)   Net sales in each geographic area are based on the location of TDK entities where the sales are generated.
 
(2)   Overseas sales are based on the location of the customers.

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Fiscal 2006 Compared to Fiscal 2005
     Sales
          Consolidated net sales increased 20.9 percent from ¥657.9 billion to ¥795.2 billion ($6,796.4 million) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006.
          Looking at economic conditions worldwide during the past fiscal year, the U.S. economy grew on the back of steadily rising consumer spending, which was supported by a strong job market, and higher levels of capital expenditures in the corporate sector. Meanwhile, European economies tended toward recovery due to a strong corporate sector, led by German companies, and the knock-on effects of this recovery on employment and consumer spending. In Asia, China maintained a high economic growth rate and economies elsewhere in the region grew as well. Expansion was also evident in the Japanese economy, with capital expenditures rising due to increased production activity in the corporate sector and personal spending increasing as the job market improved.
          In the electronics industry, to which TDK belongs, there was growth in the market for digital home appliances such as LCD and plasma flat-screen TVs and DVD recorders during the past fiscal year. The notebook PC, HDD and mobile phone markets also remained robust. There was rapid expansion, too, in the market for MP3 digital audio players, which store music using semiconductors or HDDs. The market for car electronics also remained firm. Strength in these markets, along with the beneficial effects of an increase in the number of components used in these products, produced solid demand in fiscal 2006 for TDK’s electronic components. Amid this operating environment, TDK made two corporate acquisitions and executed reforms to improve its profit structure in the recording media segment. In these and other ways, TDK thus actively invested to accelerate growth and increase its earnings.
          As a result, the electronic materials and components segment posted net sales of ¥687.8 billion ($5,878.2 million), up 26.1 percent from ¥545.2 billion in the previous fiscal year.
          Sales in the electronic materials sector rose 3.4 percent from ¥174.8 billion to ¥180.8 billion ($1,545.0 million). Sales of multilayer chip capacitors, a mainstay of capacitor products, increased marginally year over year, as the impact on sales of sluggish demand in the communications market and falling prices was offset by higher sales to the car electronics market. A weaker yen also supported sales. Sales of ferrite cores and magnets rose year over year. Sales of ferrite cores were largely unchanged, as higher sales from increasing demand for power supply cores was negated by lower sales of cores used in CRT TVs. Ferrite magnet sales were also largely unchanged, with lower demand stemming from customer inventory cutbacks offset by higher sales of products to the car electronics market. Sales of rare-earth magnets rose on increasing HDD demand.
          Sales in the electronic devices sector leapt 32.9 percent to ¥154.7 billion ($1,322.1 million), from ¥116.4 billion. This growth was mainly due to the inclusion of the operating results of Lambda Power Business from the second half of the fiscal year. However, even excluding these sales, existing business in this sector posted 10.8 percent year over year sales growth. Sales of inductive devices increased mainly due to growth in sales of SMD power line coils for use in mobile phones and HDDs, and in sales of products for use in car electronics. Sales of high-frequency components were down year over year. While sales of wireless LAN components rose, total category sales were brought down by further declines in sales prices of some components for mobile phones. Sales of other products rose year over year. The main factors were growth in sales of DC-AC inverters for use in LCD panels and of sensors and actuators for HDDs and mobile phones. The inclusion of six months’ sales of Lambda Power Business in this category also boosted sales.
          In the recording devices sector, sales rose 34.7 percent from ¥234.6 billion to ¥315.9 billion ($2,700.2 million). Sales of HDD heads increased year over year. Amid arising demand for HDDs used in PCs and consumer electronics, HDD head shipments increased. This higher volume outweighed a drop in sales prices, resulting in an increase in overall sales. Sales of other heads declined due to inventory reductions of optical pickups.

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          Maxtor Peripherals (S) Pte. Ltd., TDK’s major customer related to electronic materials and components business with sales of 11.5 percent of consolidated net sales for the year ended March 31, 2006, was acquired by a company in the same industry in May 2006. During the year ended March 31, 2007, TDK will be losing the majority of sales from Maxtor Peripherals (S) Pte. Ltd. that it recorded for the year ended March 31, 2006. TDK, however, plans to set off the loss with other businesses in the electronic materials and components segment and to raise its sales further, due mainly to growing demand for digital home appliances and cell phones.
          Sales in the other electronic components sector surged 87.0 percent from ¥19.4 billion to ¥36.4 billion ($310.9 million) due to higher sales of anechoic chambers, which block external electromagnetic radiation to permit the measurement of electromagnetic noise, and due to sales growth in new businesses.
          Operating income of the electronic materials and components segment in fiscal 2006 was ¥74.3 billion ($635.3 million), up ¥6.8 billion from fiscal 2005. In spite of the deep-rooted pressure for sales price discounts, operating income increased due to higher sales of HDD heads and inductive devices, discounts in raw materials and cost improvements by rationalization.
          In the recording media segment, sales declined 4.6 percent from ¥112.6 billion to ¥107.4 billion ($918.2 million). Sales of audiotapes and videotapes declined year over year. While TDK maintained a high market share, demand is declining for these products as a whole. Sales of optical media increased year over year. CD-R demand has peaked and is declining slowly. However, lower CD-R sales caused by the downturn in demand and discounting pressure were offset by higher sales of DVDs driven by increasing demand. Sales of other products decreased year over year. Sales of LTO-standard* (Linear Tape-Open) tape-based data storage media for computers rose on higher demand. However, sales of recording equipment and accessory products declined as TDK made progress with efforts to create a more tightly focused product lineup.
          Operating loss of the recording media segment in fiscal 2006 was ¥13.8 billion (118.0 million), up ¥6.1 billion from fiscal 2005. Operating loss increased due to a decline in demand of audiotapes and videotapes as a whole, and continuous drop in sales prices mainly in optical media. In March 2006, TDK decided to restructure certain of its recording media business, including the withdrawal from the manufacturing of recordable CD and DVDs, and recorded a restructuring cost of ¥6.8 billion ($58.3 million).
          *Linear Tape-Open, LTO, LTO logo, Ultrium and Ultrium logo are trademarks of HP, IBM and Quantum Corporation in the U.S. and other countries.
          By region, sales in Japan declined 5.6 percent from ¥184.0 billion to ¥173.7 billion ($1,484.3 million). Overseas sales climbed 31.2 percent from ¥473.8 billion to ¥621.5 billion ($5,312.2 million). Overseas sales accounted for 78.2 percent of consolidated net sales.
          In Japan, sales in the recording devices sector and recording media segment declined, while higher sales were recorded in the electronic materials, electronic devices and other electronic components sectors. Operating income of the electronic materials and components segment increased by ¥24.4 billion to ¥53.4 billion. This increase was mainly due to the payment made by its subsidiary in Asia to TDK in the amount of ¥24.0 billion relating to the assessment of additional tax in fiscal 2005 on prices charged and paid by TDK in connection with sales and purchases of products involving the subsidiary. Recognition of operating expense in the subsidiary resulted in reduction of operating expenses in Japan. Operating loss of the recording media segment increased slightly, resulting in operating loss in fiscal 2006 of ¥4.6 billion, up ¥1.5 billion from fiscal 2005.

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          In Asia (excluding Japan) and Oceania, sales increased in the electronic materials, electronic devices, recording devices and other electronic components sectors, but sales declined in the recording media segment slightly. The operating income of the electronic materials and components segment decreased by ¥21.3 billion to ¥11.6 billion. This decrease was mainly due to the payment made by its subsidiary in Asia to TDK in the amount of ¥24.0 billion relating to the assessment of additional tax in fiscal 2005 on prices charged and paid by TDK in connection with sales and purchases of products involving the subsidiary. Recognition of operating expense in the subsidiary resulted in increase of operating expenses in recording devices. Operating income of the recording media segment increased slightly, resulting in operating income for fiscal 2006 of ¥0.8 billion, ¥0.1 billion more than fiscal 2005.
          In the Americas, sales increased mainly in the electronic devices and recording devices sectors. The lower yen versus the U.S. dollar also led to increased sales in the Americas. The operating income of the electronic materials and components segment increased by ¥3.0 billion to ¥9.0 billion from fiscal 2005 due to increase in sales mainly in the recording devices sector. However, operating income of the recording media segment in fiscal 2006 was ¥0.3 billion, up ¥0.8 billion from fiscal 2005.
          In Europe, sales increased in the electronic devices sector and the recording media segment. While operating loss of the electronic materials and components reversed to the operating income of ¥0.3 billion, up ¥0.7 billion from fiscal 2005, operating loss of the recording media segment in fiscal 2006 was ¥10.3 billion, up ¥5.6 billion from fiscal 2005, mainly due to restructuring cost of ¥6.8 billion.
     Effect of foreign exchange movements
          In fiscal 2006, overseas sales accounted for 78.2 percent of consolidated net sales, up 6.2 percentage points. As a result, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates had a significant effect on TDK’s consolidated sales and income. During fiscal 2006, the yen’s value declined 5.4 percent against the U.S. dollar and 2.0 percent against the euro, based on TDK’s average internal exchange rates. Overall, exchange rate movements had the effect of increasing net sales by approximately ¥31.3 billion and operating income by approximately ¥7.7 billion in fiscal 2006.
          By region, foreign exchange fluctuations increased sales in Japan by about ¥8.6 billion, in Asia (excluding Japan) and Oceania by about ¥32.5 billion, in the Americas by about ¥6.0 billion and in Europe by about ¥3.1 billion. The effect of foreign exchange fluctuations on consolidated net sales after the elimination of intersegment transactions was about ¥31.3 billion.
          TDK conducts a large share of business activities outside Japan as one way to offset the impact of exchange-rate fluctuations. Such activities include manufacturing and sales, as well as research, design and procurement. In-region production in fiscal 2006 represented 102.2 percent compared with 112.1 percent one year earlier of sales in Asia (excluding Japan) and Oceania, 22.0 percent compared with 20.9 percent one year earlier in the Americas, and 19.1 percent compared with 23.9 percent one year earlier in Europe. Overseas production accounted for 61.7 percent of total sales in fiscal 2006, compared with 59.0 percent one year earlier, and for 79.0 percent of overseas sales, compared with 81.9 percent one year earlier. The rise in the percentage of overseas production in fiscal 2006 is mainly due to higher production in Asia in the electronic materials and components segment.
          TDK and certain overseas consolidated subsidiaries hedge exposure to foreign exchange movements by entering into forward foreign exchange contracts and swaps for some foreign currency-denominated obligations. Foreign exchange risk arising in operating activities is hedged by using forward foreign exchange contracts. In principle, TDK’s policy is to hedge up to 50 percent of expected foreign currency-denominated accounts receivable for each month for the next six months. Due to the global nature of operations, management realizes that currency movements continue to have the potential to exert a material influence on consolidated performance.

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     Cost and expenses
          The cost of sales increased 20.9 percent from ¥484.3 billion in fiscal 2005 to ¥585.8 billion in fiscal 2006 due primarily to higher sales. Cost of sales increased from 73.6 percent to 73.7 percent of net sales, respectively. This reflected the negative effects on earnings of strong discounting pressure in all segments, which were positively offset by cost reductions from structural reforms and numerous other actions to cut costs, including the receipt of discounts on purchased materials. As a result, gross profit was 26.3 percent in fiscal 2006, compared to gross profit of 26.4 percent in fiscal 2005.
          Selling, general and administrative expenses increased ¥22.2 billion from ¥119.9 billion in fiscal 2005 to ¥142.1 billion in fiscal 2006, but decreased from 18.2 percent to 17.9 percent of net sales, respectively. Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales reduced due to a 20.9 percent rise in net sales and to the improvements of sales productivity. The main components of this increase were personnel expenses of ¥4.8 billion, shipping and handling costs of ¥1.9 billion, and loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment of ¥2.0 billion. Research and development expenses included in selling, general and administrative expenses increased by ¥9.2 billion from ¥36.3 billion in fiscal 2005 to ¥45.5 billion in fiscal 2006, and increased from 5.5 percent to 5.7 percent of net sales, respectively.
          In addition, TDK decided to restructure certain of its recording media business in March 2006, including the withdrawal from the manufacturing of recordable CD and DVDs, and recorded a restructuring cost of ¥6.8 billion ($58.3 million).
     Other income and deductions
          Other income (deductions) improved ¥4.7 billion from the previous fiscal year, reflecting a ¥1.9 billion increase in interest and dividend income due to upturn in overseas interest rates and a ¥1.8 billion increase in foreign exchange gain (loss), as well as other factors.
     Income taxes and minority interests
          The ratio of income taxes to income from continuing operations before income taxes (the effective tax rate) decreased from 38.3 percent in fiscal 2005 to 31.9 percent in fiscal 2006. The decrease reflects mainly the fact that in fiscal 2005 TDK received a notification and assessment of additional tax from the Tokyo Regional Tax Bureau (Nihonbashi Tax Office) asserting that prices charged and paid by TDK in connection with sales and purchases of products involving its overseas subsidiaries have not been commensurate with the prices of similar transactions involving unrelated third parties. The period of additional assessments covers tax years ending March 1999 through March 2003. The additional tax assessed by the Tokyo Regional Tax Bureau amounted to ¥12.0 billion including interest and penalty, which has been reflected as additional tax expense and other expense, net of deferred income tax benefits, in the accompanying consolidated statements of income for the year ended March 31, 2005. In addition, the residual tax effects of ¥4,571 million previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (minimum pension liability adjustments) were released and recorded as a reduction to income tax expense in the consolidated statements of income as a result of the elimination of the minimum pension liability adjustment for the year ended March 31, 2005.
     Net income
          TDK posted net income of ¥44.1 billion, resulting in net income per diluted share of ¥333.20, compared with ¥251.56 in the previous fiscal year. Return on Equity, which is net income divided by average total stockholders’ equity, increased from 5.5 percent to 6.6 percent. This was mainly due to a ¥10.8 billion increase in net income.
          Cash dividends per share paid during the fiscal year totaled ¥80. This dividend is the sum of the June 2005 year-end dividend of ¥40 and the December 2005 interim dividend of ¥40. Shareholders of record on March 31, 2006 received a cash dividend of ¥50 per share at the end of June 2006.

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          In fiscal 2006, consolidated net income included loss from discontinued operations of ¥310 million related to TDK Semiconductor Corporation (“TSC”). See discussion at Discontinued Operations.

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Fiscal 2005 Compared to Fiscal 2004
     Sales
          Consolidated net sales rose 0.3 percent from ¥655.8 billion to ¥657.9 billion in fiscal 2005, the year ended March 31, 2005.
          TDK’s operations are affected by the economies of various regions of the world, including Japan, the United States, Europe and China. Despite rising crude oil prices and other factors that restricted growth, the U.S. economy generally expanded steadily due in part to an upturn in capital expenditures and improvements in employment statistics and household incomes. European economies, while resilient in the first half of fiscal 2005, suffered a slowdown in the second half due to the effects of a strengthening euro, rising crude oil prices and other negative factors. China, meanwhile, maintained a high economic growth rate. In comparison, the Japanese economy slowed due to a drop-off in exports, the result of second-half production cutbacks by manufacturers of IT and digital products, despite strength in capital expenditures that was supported by strong corporate earnings.
          In the electronics industry in the first half of fiscal 2005, demand for digital home appliances, such as LCD and plasma TVs and DVD recorders, was boosted by the Summer Olympic Games in Athens and other factors. This resulted in strong demand for the TDK’s electronic components in the first half. However, demand for these components began to cool in the second half in line with production cutbacks of finished products that use them.
          In this business environment, TDK continued to implement cost structure reforms, for example, the improvement of variable expenses by reviewing terms of supply and requesting discounts from purchased materials vendors. TDK also actively made investments to drive growth, such as by ramping up production capacity of capacitors and forging a strategic alliance in HDD heads.
          As a result, the electronic materials and components segment posted net sales of ¥545.2 billion, up 4.9 percent from ¥519.8 billion in the previous fiscal year.
          Sales in the electronic materials sector rose 4.8 percent from ¥166.8 billion to ¥174.8 billion. Sales of multilayer chip capacitors, a mainstay of capacitor products, increased year over year. In the first half of fiscal 2005, the Athens Olympics propelled demand for digital home appliances higher, which had an add-on effect for components used in them. In the second half, however, demand for components cooled, this time the result of cutbacks in the production of digital home appliances, and prices also dropped. But, against this market backdrop, TDK absorbed the sales price declines and the effect of unfavorable foreign exchange movements through improvements to its product mix. In ferrite cores, sales declined from the previous fiscal year, despite higher demand for general-purpose power supply cores for digital home appliances and cores for communications equipment. This decrease was due to a reduction in output of deflection yoke cores and flyback transformer cores used in CRT TVs. Magnet sales increased year over year, the result of steadily rising demand for use in automotive and HDD applications.
          Sales in the electronic devices sector increased 7.8 percent from ¥108.0 billion to ¥116.4 billion. Inductive devices, the largest product category in this sector, posted higher sales, despite lower sales prices and the negative effect of foreign exchange movements. This increase was attributable to higher demand spurred by acceleration in the pace at which automobiles are incorporating electronics and the increasing sophistication of mobile phones, as well as by new product launches. Sales of high-frequency components declined marginally year over year because higher sales volume and an improved product mix failed to completely offset persistently strong discounting pressure from mobile phone handset manufacturers, the main customer for these components. In power systems, sales of DC-DC converters and DC-AC inverters were healthy. Sensors and actuators recorded higher sales due to growth in demand for use in PCs and peripherals and communications equipment.

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          In the recording devices sector, sales rose 1.9 percent from ¥230.1 billion to ¥234.6 billion. Sales of HDD heads, the main product in this sector, rose year over year. However, TDK had to overcome the loss of business from a major customer that started producing heads in house in 2004, as well as the impact of falling sales prices and unfavorable foreign exchange movements. Cutbacks in HDD inventories at customers in the first half of fiscal 2005 also affected the sector’s performance. However, demand for HDD heads rose in the second half of the fiscal year following the end of these cutbacks. Sales of other heads declined year over year due to sluggish sales of optical pickups.
          Sales in the other electronic components sector climbed 30.8 percent from ¥14.9 billion to ¥19.4 billion. TDK recorded slightly higher sales of anechoic chambers for electromagnetic noise control and equipment used in these chambers. There was also growth in external sales of manufacturing equipment due to higher investments in semiconductor facilities and equipment by customers.
          Operating income of the electronic materials and components segment in fiscal 2005 was ¥67.5 billion, up ¥8.8 billion from fiscal 2004. In spite of the deep-rooted pressure for sales price discounts, operating income increased due to higher sales of capacitors and inductive devices, discounts in raw materials and cost improvements by rationalization.
          In the recording media segment, sales declined 17.2 percent from ¥136.0 billion to ¥112.6 billion. Sales of audiotapes and videotapes declined year over year. While TDK maintained a high market share, demand is declining for these products as a whole. Sales of optical media increased, with higher DVD sales volume offsetting a sharp fall in DVD prices and lower CD-R sales. Sales of other products decreased year over year. There was an increase in sales of LTO-standard* (Linear Tape-Open) tape-based data storage media for computers. However, a decline in sales caused by the sale in the previous fiscal year of a U.S. software development subsidiary and lower sales of recording equipment brought overall sales of other products down year over year.
          Operating loss of the recording media segment in fiscal 2005 was ¥7.7 billion, up ¥5.5 billion from fiscal 2004. Operating loss increased due to a decline in demand of audiotapes and videotapes as a whole, decrease in sales as a result of sale of a subsidiary in the United States of America in fiscal 2004, and continuous drop in sales prices mainly in optical media.
          *Linear Tape-Open, LTO, LTO logo, Ultrium and Ultrium logo are trademarks of HP, IBM and Quantum Corporation in the U.S. and other countries.
          By region, sales in Japan rose 9.1 percent from ¥168.6 billion to ¥184.0 billion. Overseas sales declined 2.7 percent from ¥487.2 billion to ¥473.8 billion. Overseas sales accounted for 72.0 percent of consolidated net sales.
          In Japan, sales in the electronic devices sector and recording media segment declined, while higher sales were recorded in the electronic materials, recording devices and other electronic components sectors. The electronics materials and components segment saw its operating income increase by ¥17.6 billion due to increase in operating ratio, discount in raw materials and decrease in cost by rationalization. Although operating loss of the recording media segment increased slightly, operating income in fiscal 2005 was ¥25.8 billion, up ¥16.9 billion from fiscal 2004.
          In Asia (excluding Japan) and Oceania, sales declined in the recording devices sector and recording media segment, but sales increased in the electronic materials and electronic devices sectors. The operating income of the electronic materials and components segment decreased by ¥8.8 billion. This decrease is due to a significant decline in sales prices mainly in recording devices and capacitors. Operating income of the recording media segment also decreased slightly, resulting in operating income for fiscal 2005 of ¥33.6 billion, ¥9.5 billion less than fiscal 2004.
          In the Americas, sales decreased in the electronic materials and recording devices sectors as well as the recording media segment. The higher yen versus the U.S. dollar also impacted sales in the Americas. The operating income of the electronic materials and components segment decreased by ¥0.9 billion from fiscal 2004. However, operating income in fiscal 2005 was ¥5.5 billion, up ¥0.9 billion from fiscal 2004, due to decrease in operating loss of the recording media segment as a result of sale of a subsidiary engaged in software development.

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          In Europe, lower sales were recorded in the electronic materials and other electronic components sectors as well as the recording media segment. While operating loss of the electronic materials and components decreased, operating loss of the recording media segment in fiscal 2005 reversed from operating income in fiscal 2004 to operating loss of ¥4.7 billion by decrease of ¥5.8 billion, due to a significant decline in sales prices mainly in optical media. As a result, operating loss in fiscal 2005 was ¥5.1 billion, ¥5.0 billion up from fiscal 2004.
     Effect of foreign exchange movements
          In fiscal 2005, overseas sales accounted for 72.0 percent of consolidated net sales, down 2.3 percentage points. As a result, fluctuations in foreign exchange rates have a significant effect on TDK’s consolidated sales and income. During fiscal 2005, the yen appreciated 5.0 percent in relation to the U.S. dollar and depreciated 1.9 percent in relation to the euro, based on TDK’s average internal exchange rates. Overall, TDK estimates that each ¥1 movement in the exchange rates during fiscal 2005 had the effect of reducing net sales by about ¥4.0 billion and operating income by about ¥1.0 billion, in relation to the prior fiscal year.
          By region, foreign exchange fluctuations reduced sales in Japan by about ¥3.8 billion, in Asia (excluding Japan) and Oceania by about ¥23.6 billion and in the Americas by about ¥5.5 billion, but increased sales in Europe by about ¥1.4 billion. The effect of foreign exchange fluctuations on consolidated net sales after the elimination of intersegment transactions was about ¥20.6 billion.
          TDK conducts a large share of business activities outside Japan as one way to offset the impact of exchange-rate fluctuations. Such activities include manufacturing and sales, as well as research, design and procurement. In-region production in fiscal 2005 represented 112.1 percent compared with 111.6 percent one year earlier of sales in Asia (excluding Japan) and Oceania, 20.9 percent compared with 22.5 percent one year earlier in the Americas, and 23.9 percent compared with 23.8 percent one year earlier in Europe. Overseas production accounted for 59.0 percent of total sales in fiscal 2005, compared with 58.6 percent one year earlier, and for 81.9 percent of overseas sales, compared with 78.9 percent one year earlier. The rise in the percentage of overseas production in fiscal 2005 is mainly due to higher production in Asia in the electronic materials and components segment.
          TDK and certain overseas consolidated subsidiaries hedge exposure to foreign exchange movements by entering into forward foreign exchange contracts and swaps for some foreign currency-denominated obligations. Foreign exchange risk arising in operating activities is hedged by using forward foreign exchange contracts. In principle, TDK’s policy is to hedge up to 50 percent of expected foreign currency-denominated accounts receivable for each month for the next six months. Due to the global nature of operations, management realizes that currency movements continue to have the potential to exert a material influence on consolidated performance.
     Cost and expenses
          The cost of sales increased 1.7 percent from ¥476.4 billion in fiscal 2004 to ¥484.3 billion in fiscal 2005 due to higher sales. Cost of sales increased from 72.6 percent to 73.6 percent of net sales, respectively. This reflected the negative effects on earnings of strong discounting pressure in all segments and foreign exchange movements, mainly the appreciation of the yen relative to the U.S. dollar. These factors outweighed positive influences such as cost reductions from structural reforms and numerous other actions to cut costs, including the receipt of discounts on purchased materials. As a result, gross profit was 26.4 percent in fiscal 2005, compared to gross profit of 27.4 percent in fiscal 2004.

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          Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased ¥3.0 billion from ¥122.9 billion in fiscal 2004 to ¥119.9 billion in fiscal 2005, and decreased from 18.8 percent to 18.2 percent of net sales, respectively. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased despite a 0.3 percent rise in net sales due to efforts to strictly manage fixed expenses, such as by lowering personnel expenses through greater operational efficiency. The main components of this decrease were personnel expenses of ¥3.1 billion and marketing expenses of ¥1.3 billion. Research and development expenses included in selling, general and administrative expenses increased ¥3.4 billion from ¥32.9 billion in fiscal 2004 to ¥36.3 billion in fiscal 2005, and increased from 5.0 percent to 5.5 percent of net sales, respectively.
          In addition, pursuant to the newly enacted Contributed Benefit Pension Plan Law, TDK received an exemption from the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare, effective September 25, 2003, from the obligation to pay benefits related to future employee services with respect to the substitutional portion of its Employees’ Pension Fund (EPF). TDK was also granted an exemption from the obligation to pay benefits in relation to past employee services in October 2004 with respect to the substitutional portion of its domestic contributory plan. The transfer of the substitutional portion of TDK’s EPF liabilities to the government was completed on January 31, 2005. As a result of the transfer, TDK recognized as a subsidy from the Japanese government an amount equal to the difference between the fair value of the obligation deemed “settled” with the Japanese government and the assets required to be transferred to the government. The subsidy that TDK recognized amounted to ¥33.5 billion. In addition, TDK recognized a settlement loss in an amount equal to the product of (i) the ratio of the obligation settled to the total EPF obligation outstanding immediately prior to settlement, both of which exclude the effect of future salary progression relating to the substitutional portion of the EPF obligation, and (ii) the net unrecognized gain/loss immediately prior to settlement, which amounted to ¥27.3 billion. This gain and loss is included in operating income in the accompanying consolidated statements of income for the year ended March 31, 2005.
     Other income and deductions
          Other income (deductions) improved ¥1.6 billion from the previous fiscal year, reflecting a ¥2.2 billion decline in foreign exchange losses and a ¥1.0 billion decrease in loss on securities, net, as well as other factors.
     Income taxes and minority interests
          The ratio of income taxes to income from continuing operations before income taxes (the effective tax rate) increased from 21.7 percent in fiscal 2004 to 38.3 percent in fiscal 2005. The increase reflects mainly the fact that TDK received a notification and assessment of additional tax from the Tokyo Regional Tax Bureau (Nihonbashi Tax Office) asserting that prices charged and paid by TDK in connection with sales and purchases of products involving its overseas subsidiaries have not been commensurate with the prices of similar transactions involving unrelated third parties. The period of additional assessments covers tax years ending March 1999 through March 2003. The additional tax assessed by the Tokyo Regional Tax Bureau amounted to ¥12.0 billion including interest and penalty, which has been reflected as additional tax expense and other expense, net of deferred income tax benefits, in the accompanying consolidated statements of income for the year ended March 31, 2005.
     Net income
          TDK posted net income of ¥33.3 billion, resulting in net income per diluted share of ¥251.56, compared with ¥317.69 in the previous fiscal year. Return on Equity, which is net income divided by average total stockholders’ equity, decreased from 7.5 percent to 5.5 percent. This was due to an approximate ¥62.8 billion increase in stockholders’ equity, which reflected a decrease of about ¥38.7 billion in accumulated other comprehensive loss due to such factors as a decrease of about ¥32.9 billion in minimum pension liability adjustments following the transfer of the substitutional portion of EPF liabilities, as well as an increase in retained earnings.

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          Cash dividends per share paid during the fiscal year totaled ¥60. This dividend is the sum of the June 2004 year-end dividend of ¥30 and the December 2004 interim dividend of ¥30. Shareholders of record on March 31, 2005 received a cash dividend of ¥40 per share at the end of June 2005.
          In fiscal 2005, consolidated net income included loss from discontinued operations of ¥3,665 million related to TSC. See discussion at Discontinued Operations.

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Discontinued Operations
          On March 31, 2005, TDK entered into an agreement to sell all outstanding stock of its wholly owned subsidiary, TSC for $14,028 thousand to Golden Gates Capital (“Buyer”). The sale of TSC is part of TDK’s continuing shift away from non-core products and technologies. The sale agreement also includes earn-out payments, to be made by the Buyer to TDK, of up to $32,500 thousand. No earn-out payments were made through March 31, 2006. The payments are contingent upon certain milestones being met related to future revenue targets extending through 2007. The transaction was completed on April 8, 2005. TDK has accounted for the sale of TSC as a discontinued operation pursuant to FASB Statement No. 144, “Accounting for the impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”, as TSC meets the definition of a “component of an entity”. The results of operations for this subsidiary have been reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented and selected financial information for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 for the discontinued operations, are summarized as follows:
                                 
                            U.S. Dollars
    Yen (Millions)   (Thousands)
    2006   2005   2004   2006
 
Net sales
  ¥ 45       2,242       3,070     $ 385  
     
Loss from operations before income taxes (including loss on disposal of ¥224 million in 2006)
    310       3,509       244       2,650  
Income tax expense
          156       1,010        
     
Loss from discontinued operations
  ¥ 310       3,665       1,254     $ 2,650  
     
 
                               
Loss from discontinued operations per share:
                               
Basic
  ¥ (2.34 )     (27.70 )     (9.47 )   $ (0.02 )
Diluted
    (2.34 )     (27.69 )     (9.46 )     (0.02 )
 
See Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

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   B. Liquidity and capital resources
     Operating capital requirements
          TDK’s requirements for operating capital primarily are for the purchase of raw materials and parts for use in the manufacture of its products. These purchases are booked as manufacturing costs and selling, general and administrative expenses. The payment of payroll expenses, marketing expenses accompanying sales activities, and distribution-related expenses account for a significant portion of operating expenses. Personnel expenses account for a significant portion of R&D expenses. The necessary funds for these expenses are provided from cash generated by operations.
     Capital Expenditures
          In fiscal 2006, capital expenditures on a cash basis rose ¥12.9 billion from ¥61.0 billion to ¥73.9 billion ($631.7 million). This was the result of aggressive investment in IT home electronics appliances; high-speed, large-capacity networks; and car electronics, which are fields TDK regards as strategically important for growth.
          In the electronic materials and components segment, capital expenditures totaled ¥71.1 billion. The bulk of the capital expenditures were for facilities to develop and produce HDD heads with higher areal density mainly in China, the U.S. and the Philippines, and for facilities to increase production and rationalize operations for multilayer chip capacitors mainly in Japan and China.
          In the recording media segment, capital expenditures totaled ¥2.8 billion, mainly for facilities to increase production of LTO-standard tapes.
          In principle, the funds for these capital expenditures are provided from cash generated by operations. In addition, TDK paid ¥32.9 billion to acquire Lambda Power Business and Amperex Technology Limited. The funds for these acquisitions were also provided from cash generated by operations.
          Capital expenditures for fiscal 2005, which are described in detail below, increased by ¥16.5 billion, from ¥44.5 billion for fiscal 2004 to ¥61.0 billion.
          In the electronic materials and components segment, capital expenditures in 2005 totaled ¥57.2 billion. TDK invested in the expansion of production capacity of HDD heads, facilities for rationalizing these activities and the development of technology for coping with increasing areal density. These investments centered mainly on China, the U.S. and the Philippines. Furthermore, investments were made to increase production and rationalize operations in multilayer chip capacitors and inductors, where growth in sales is expected due to acceleration in the pace at which electronics are being incorporated in automobiles, the increasingly sophisticated nature of mobile phones and other factors. These investments were made mainly in Japan and China.
          In the recording media segment, capital expenditures totaled ¥3.8 billion, mainly for facilities to increase LTO production.
          Capital expenditures for fiscal 2004, which are described in detail below, increased by ¥3.5 billion, from ¥41.0 billion for fiscal 2003 to ¥44.5 billion.
          In the electronic materials and components segment, due to the expansion of the market for recording devices, TDK made investments principally in Asia, but also in the Americas and Japan, to increase production and rationalization for its recording devices. Other major expenditures include investments to increase production and rationalization for electronic materials and electronic devices (principally capacitors), and investments into the development of new products. Capital expenditures of this segment increased by ¥1.7 billion from ¥38.4 billion to ¥40.1 billion.
          In the recording media segment, investments have been made in Europe and Japan to increase production and develop optical media products, whose market was expanding. Capital expenditures of this segment increased by ¥1.8 billion from ¥2.6 billion to ¥4.4 billion.

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     Financial Management
          Operating capital and capital expenditures are, in principle, funded by cash generated through operating activities. To improve capital efficiency, to the extent possible, TDK centralizes financial management in the Head Office, having introduced a cash management system (CMS) in Japan, the U.S. and Europe. Surplus funds are invested with an emphasis on low risk and liquidity. Funds from within the group will be utilized, to the extent possible, to extend financing to subsidiaries that cannot procure operating capital or funds for capital expenditures themselves.
Cash flows for fiscal 2006, 2005 and 2004 are summarized as follows:
                                 
    Years ended March 31        
    2006     2005     2004     2006  
    (millions of yen)     (millions  
                          of dollars)  
Income from continuing operations
  ¥ 44,411     ¥ 36,965     ¥ 43,355     $ 379.6  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
    44,707       58,284       70,664       382.1  
 
                       
Net cash provided by operating activities
    89,118       95,249       114,019       761.7  
 
                       
Net cash used in investing activities
    (104,782 )     (62,359 )     (37,647 )     (895.6 )
Net cash used in financing activities
    (7,125 )     (9,629 )     (9,860 )     (60.9 )
Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations
    (414 )     (1,625 )     761       (3.5 )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
    10,712       2,717       (10,669 )     91.5  
 
                       
 
                               
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
  ¥ (12,491 )   ¥ 24,353     ¥ 56,604     $ (106.8 )
 
                       
          Fiscal 2006 cash and cash equivalents decreased ¥12.5 billion from ¥251.5 billion to ¥239.0 billion ($2,043 million). Operating activities provided net cash of ¥89.1 billion ($761.7 million), ¥6.1 billion less than in fiscal 2005. Income from continuing operations rose ¥7.4 billion to ¥44.4 billion ($380 million) and depreciation and amortization increased ¥5.7 billion to ¥58.5 billion ($500 million) mainly due to increase in the recording devices segment. In terms of changes in assets and liabilities, the increase in trade receivables climbed ¥9.5 billion, changes in inventories increased ¥3.7 billion, changes in trade payables increased ¥6.9 billion, and changes in accrued expenses increased ¥14.8 billion, while changes in income taxes payables, net declined ¥25.1 billion.
          Regarding research and development expenses, TDK’s policy is to focus investments in the strategic fields of IT home electronic appliances, high-speed and large-capacity networks and car electronics. Funds for research and development are appropriated from internal funds.
          Investing activities used net cash of ¥104.8 billion ($896 million), ¥42.4 billion more than the ¥62.4 billion used in the previous fiscal year. TDK used ¥73.9 billion for capital expenditures, ¥12.9 billion more than in fiscal 2005, as a result of making aggressive investments to drive growth. Furthermore, acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired increased ¥31.4 billion and proceeds from sale and maturity of investments in securities increased ¥2.5 billion year over year, respectively.
          Financing activities used net cash of ¥7.1 billion ($60.9 million), a decrease of ¥2.5 billion from the ¥9.6 billion used in fiscal 2005. Dividends paid increased ¥2.6 billion due to a ¥20 per common share increase in the year-end dividend. On the other hand, there were an increase of ¥4.0 billion in increase (decrease) in short-term debt, net mainly in newly consolidated subsidiaries, and a decrease of ¥0.7 billion in cash paid to acquire treasury stock for stock options.
          Regarding financing costs, TDK has long-term corporate credit ratings of AA- and A1 from Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s, respectively. Furthermore, Standard & Poor’s gives TDK their highest short-term credit rating, A-1+. These ratings allow TDK to procure funds if needed relatively at low interest rates.

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          TDK’s fundamental treasury management policy is to give consideration to a consistent increase in dividends based on factors such as the return on equity (ROE), dividends as a percentage of equity (DOE) and TDK’s results of operations on a consolidated basis. Funds for paying dividends are allocated from internal funds.
          In the dynamically changing electronics industry, it is necessary to make well-timed investments. Given this need, and the possibility that unstable financial conditions will continue in Japan, TDK’s policy is to maintain an adequate level of liquidity, considering risk factors as well as a capital requirement forecast. Based on the current liquidity, TDK does not have immediate plans of repurchasing its stock for the purpose of extinguishment.
          TDK estimates that operating cash flows and other internal resources will provide adequate liquidity in fiscal 2007. Regarding cash flows for the fiscal years ending March 31, 2007 and onward, TDK expects to provide the necessary funds from operating cash flows by increasing profitability and improving the return on assets.
          Fiscal 2005 cash and cash equivalents increased ¥24.3 billion from ¥227.2 billion to ¥251.5 billion in the previous fiscal year. Operating activities provided net cash of ¥95.2 billion, a year-on-year decrease of ¥18.8 billion. The major component of cash provided by operating activities was depreciation and amortization of ¥52.8 billion, up ¥2.1 billion. In terms of changes in assets and liabilities, inventories decreased ¥11.3 billion, the result of efforts to reduce inventories, while retirement and severance benefits declined ¥6.8 billion due to the transfer of the substitutional portion of EPF liabilities and changes to the pension system. In addition, the decrease in changes in trade payables and accrued expenses decreased ¥8.0 billion and ¥11.4 billion, respectively, and income taxes payables, net increased ¥8.8 billion.
          Investing activities used net cash of ¥62.4 billion, ¥24.7 billion more than the ¥37.6 billion used in the previous fiscal year. TDK used ¥61.0 billion for capital expenditures, ¥16.5 billion more than in fiscal 2004, as a result of making aggressive investments to drive growth. Furthermore, payment for purchase of investments in securities increased ¥2.4 billion year over year.
          Financing activities used net cash of ¥9.6 billion, a decrease of ¥0.2 billion from the ¥9.8 billion used in fiscal 2004. There was an increase of ¥1.3 billion in dividends paid due to the increase in the dividend. On the other hand, there was a decline in the repayment of debt because debt has been virtually eliminated.
          Fiscal 2004 cash and cash equivalents increased ¥56.6 billion to ¥227.2 billion from ¥170.6 billion in the previous fiscal year. Operating activities provided net cash of ¥114.0 billion, a year-on-year increase of ¥8.1 billion. This reflected mainly a ¥30.1 billion increase in net income to ¥42.1 billion and a ¥6.4 billion decrease in depreciation and amortization to ¥50.7 billion, as well as decreases in changes in trade receivables and inventories of ¥5.0 billion and ¥21.4 billion, respectively. Regarding the shortfall in pension assets, TDK planned to take action in response to certain recent reforms to the pension system, including transferring the substitutional portion of Employees’ Pension Fund (“EPF”) liabilities.
          Investing activities used net cash of ¥37.6 billion, a decrease of ¥8.6 billion from ¥46.2 billion in the previous fiscal year. The main factor was a ¥6.2 billion decrease in payment for purchase of other investments to ¥0.4 billion.
          Financing activities used net cash of ¥9.8 billion, ¥1.9 billion more than the ¥7.9 billion in cash used in the previous fiscal year. This mainly represented an increase of ¥0.8 billion in repayments of short-term debt and a ¥0.7 billion increase in dividends paid.

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Capital resources as of March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 are summarized as follows:
                                 
    Years ended March 31        
    2006     2005     2004     2006  
    (millions of yen)     (millions  
    (%)     of dollars)  
Short-term debt
  ¥ 4,469     ¥     ¥ 315     $ 38.2  
 
    (0.6 )     (— )     (0.1 )        
Current installments of long term debt
    1,958       103       101       16.7  
 
    (0.3 )     (0.0 )     (0.0 )        
Long-term debt,
    405       81       27       3.5  
excluding current installments
    (0.1 )     (0.0 )     (0.0 )        
Stockholders’ equity
    702,419       639,067       576,219       6,003.6  
 
    (99.0 )     (100.0 )     (99.9 )        
 
                       
Total capital
  ¥ 709,251     ¥ 639,251     ¥ 576,662     $ 6,062.0  
 
    (100.0 )     (100.0 )     (100.0 )        
 
                       
          TDK currently has no capital market debt outstanding. However, TDK maintains long-term corporate credit ratings of AA- and A1 from Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s, respectively. Furthermore, Standard & Poor’s gives TDK their highest short-term credit rating, A-1+.
          Total assets amounted to ¥923.5 billion ($7,893 million) as of March 31, 2006, up ¥115.5 billion from ¥808.0 billion at the previous fiscal year-end. As of March 31, 2006, trade receivables were ¥189.1 billion ($1,616 million), ¥41.1 billion higher than ¥148.0 billion and inventories were ¥89.0 billion ($760 million), ¥14.1 billion more than ¥74.9 billion a year ago, respectively. Property, plant and equipment increased ¥26.7 billion from ¥217.0 billion to ¥243.7 billion ($2,083 million), investments in securities increased ¥6.1 billion from ¥22.7 billion to ¥28.8 billion ($246 million). In addition, goodwill increased ¥10.3 billion from ¥9.2 billion to ¥19.5 billion ($166 million) and intangible assets increased ¥16.3 billion from ¥13.2 billion to ¥29.5 billion ($252 million) due to the acquisition of businesses.
          Total liabilities increased ¥43.3 billion from ¥163.8 billion to ¥207.1 billion ($1,770 million). Income taxes payables decreased ¥10.1 billion from ¥19.3 billion to ¥9.2 billion ($78 million), while trade payables rose ¥22.6 billion from ¥62.1 billion to ¥84.7 billion ($724 million), accrued expenses increased ¥12.4 billion from ¥31.1 billion to ¥43.5 billion ($372 million), and deferred income taxes increased ¥4.5 billion from ¥0.8 billion to ¥5.3 billion ($45 million).
          Total stockholders’ equity increased ¥63.3 billion from ¥639.1 billion to ¥702.4 billion ($6,004 million). Retained earnings increased ¥32.7 billion from ¥585.6 billion to ¥618.3 billion ($5,284 million) and accumulated other comprehensive loss decreased ¥29.7 billion from ¥51.7 billion to ¥21.9 billion ($188 million).
          Total assets amounted to ¥808.0 billion as of March 31, 2005, up ¥37.7 billion from ¥770.3 billion at the previous fiscal year-end. As of March 31, 2005, cash and cash equivalents were ¥251.5 billion, ¥24.3 billion higher than ¥227.2 billion a year ago. Trade receivables were ¥148.0 billion, ¥9.7 billion higher than ¥138.3 billion a year ago. Property, plant and equipment increased ¥8.1 billion from ¥208.9 billion to ¥217.0 billion and noncurrent deferred income taxes decreased ¥25.5 billion from ¥34.1 billion to ¥8.6 billion.
          Total liabilities decreased ¥27.0 billion from ¥190.8 billion to ¥163.8 billion. Trade payables rose ¥2.2 billion from ¥59.9 billion to ¥62.1 billion, and income taxes payables increased ¥14.6 billion from ¥4.7 billion to ¥19.3 billion. However, retirement and severance benefits declined ¥44.7 billion from ¥73.5 billion to ¥28.8 billion due to the transfer of the substitutional portion of EPF liabilities and changes to the pension system. Accrued expenses decreased ¥2.4 billion from ¥33.4 billion to ¥31.0 billion.

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          Total stockholders’ equity increased ¥62.9 billion from ¥576.2 billion to ¥639.1 billion. Retained earnings increased ¥24.8 billion from ¥560.8 billion to ¥585.6 billion and accumulated other comprehensive loss decreased ¥38.7 billion from ¥90.4 billion to ¥51.7 billion.
          Total assets amounted to ¥770.3 billion as of March 31, 2004, up ¥23.0 billion from ¥747.3 billion at the previous fiscal year-end. As of March 31, 2004, cash and cash equivalents were ¥227.2 billion, ¥56.6 billion higher than ¥170.6 billion a year ago. However, property, plant and equipment decreased ¥17.0 billion to ¥208.9 billion from ¥225.9 billion, and noncurrent deferred income taxes decreased ¥9.8 billion to ¥34.1 billion from ¥43.9 billion.
          Total liabilities increased ¥0.7 billion, from ¥190.1 billion to ¥190.8 billion. Trade payables increased ¥2.9 billion, from ¥57.0 billion to ¥59.9 billion, accrued expenses increased ¥5.3 billion from ¥28.1 billion to ¥33.4 billion, and income taxes payables increased ¥3.6 billion, from ¥1.1 billion to ¥4.7 billion. Retirement and severance benefits decreased ¥11.5 billion, from ¥85.0 billion to ¥73.5 billion.
          Total stockholders’ equity increased ¥22.3 billion, from ¥553.9 billion to ¥576.2 billion. Retained earnings rose ¥34.9 billion, from ¥525.9 billion to ¥560.8 billion, while accumulated other comprehensive loss rose ¥11.6 billion, from ¥78.8 billion to ¥90.4 billion.
          TDK has various pension plans covering its employees. The unfunded amount as of March 31, 2006 was ¥20.4 billion ($175 million). As of March 31, 2006, ¥26.8 billion was accrued on the balance sheet as retirement and severance benefits, ¥2.0 billion less than a year ago.
          TDK’s policy is to utilize group funds for the development of its business, and to use loans from banks or other sources, if necessary, as a secondary method of financing.
          Regarding TDK’s capital expenditure plans, TDK’s policy is to invest actively in targeted strategic fields to drive growth. Capital expenditures will be funded using internally generated funds.
          TDK is planning capital expenditures of ¥70.0 billion in fiscal 2007, primarily for the expansion of production facilities and upgrading of facilities. Actual capital expenditures could differ from this forecast as a result of factors such as shifts in technology, demand, prices, competition, economic environments and foreign exchange rates.
     Restructuring Costs
          During the year ended March 31, 2006, TDK was fundamentally restructuring the recording media business. While reviewing the progress of the restructuring and future strategies of the recording media business, TDK looked for ways to re-strengthen the manufacturing of recordable CD & DVD foundations from various perspectives. However, a sharp drop in market prices of recordable CD & DVDs as well as the increased cost of natural resources has a material impact on the recording media business of TDK. Following further study, at a board meeting held on March 8, 2006, TDK management decided to withdraw from the manufacturing of recordable CD & DVDs, which should lead to an improvement and reform of its recording media business.
          TDK accelerated its ODM business model for the current generation of recordable CD & DVD products and the third-party supply of such products following TDK’s withdrawal. TDK also continued its R&D and manufacturing activities in Japan of the blue laser disc, a highly value-added product expected to grow in the near future. TDK has also concentrated its resources on strengthening data storage tape business, which is another core business.

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          With this decision, TDK shut down the production facilities at its European subsidiary, TDK Recording Media Europe S.A. in Luxembourg in April 2006. TDK recorded a restructuring charge of ¥6,825 million ($58,333 thousand) which included a charge of ¥3,309 million ($28,282 thousand) relating to employee termination benefits. As a result of the restructuring, a total of 350 regular employees were terminated through May 31, 2006. In addition, TDK recorded a restructuring charge of ¥2,594 million ($22,171 thousand) relating to an impairment on property, plant and equipment in connection with the decision to shut down production facilities at its European subsidiary.
          For a discussion of financial instruments, see Note 14 “Risk Management Activities and Derivative Financial Instruments”, Note 15 “Fair Value of Financial Instruments” and Note 6 “Short-Term and Long-Term Debt” in Item 17 “Financial Statements”.
     C. Research and development, patents and licenses, etc.
          R&D expenditures amounted to ¥45.5 billion ($389 million), 5.7 percent of net sales in fiscal 2006; ¥36.3 billion, 5.5 percent of net sales in fiscal 2005; and ¥32.9 billion, 5.0 percent of net sales in fiscal 2004.
          In its R&D activities, TDK continues to work on strengthening and expanding development of new products that respond to diversification in the electronics market. In particular, TDK is concentrating on next-generation recording-related products, micro electronics modules for mobile communications-related applications, and energy-efficient, environmentally friendly devices based on materials and design technologies. Furthermore, TDK is using its reservoir of technologies to conduct efficient R&D activities concentrating in three strategic areas: IT home electronic appliances; high-speed and large-capacity networks and car electronics.
          In the electronic materials and components field, development themes include commercialization of Polymer PTC thermistor with TDK’s materials technologies, commercialization of 130Gbpsi PMR heads for HDDs and 100Gbpsi TMR heads for mobile communications applications. In the recording media field, TDK has made progress with research on post DVD generation products, including commercialization of Blu-ray discs. Furthermore, TDK commercialized thin-film Common-mode Filter with TDK’s thin-film technologies.
          R&D at TDK is conducted by the Materials R&D Center, Advanced Process Technology Center, Devices Development Center, Production Engineering Development Center, Materials Analysis Center, Application Center, SQ Research Center and the R&D functions of each operating group. Each facility is developing new products and technologies in its respective area of responsibility. The Application Center devises the necessary application technologies with the aim of keeping TDK in step with market trends and customer needs. The Materials R&D Center is responsible for research in magnetic and dielectric materials that use powder metallurgy. The Advanced Process Technology Center facilitates the use of cutting-edge process technologies. The Devices Development Center conducts research in next-generation recording and communications technologies as well as new devices.
          In terms of overseas R&D activities, TDK is conducting R&D in collaboration with leading universities in the U.S. and U.K., and overseas R&D subsidiaries are making use of local technological resources. In China, where TDK is aiming to establish and develop an operating base capable of supporting growth, R&D activities are being carried out in the area of electronic components and materials. In addition, consolidated subsidiary Headway Technologies, Inc. is developing next-generation HDD heads.
          Although TDK has a variety of patents in Japan and other countries, and licenses from other companies, it believes that expiration of any one of its patents or licenses or related group of patents or licenses would not materially adversely affect its business activities. Total income from patents and licenses was ¥0.1 billion ($1 million) in fiscal 2006, ¥0.5 billion in fiscal 2005 and ¥0.1 billion in fiscal 2004. TDK paid ¥7.1 billion ($60 million) in fiscal 2006, ¥9.3 billion in fiscal 2005 and ¥8.1 billion in fiscal 2004 for patents and licenses, mainly royalties for licenses related to the recording devices business. TDK does not believe that acquisition of new proprietary patents or other companies’ patents would have a material effect on operating results in the future.

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     D. Trend information
     Economic environment
          While the world economy is expected to continue growing for the medium-term, it is relatively unstable for the short-term, largely influenced by the U.S., where the economy continues to grow despite the backdrop of a burdensome current account deficit, and China, which continues to implement a high-growth policy. Among these risk factors are the specter of inflation caused by persistently high crude oil prices and raw materials costs, trade imbalances among major countries and volatile foreign exchange rates.
          Under these economic circumstances, from a medium-term perspective, the electronics industry is expected to see the growth of digital home appliances; the convergence of information and communications, as typified by the increasingly diverse functions offered by mobile phones and advances in portable devices; and the greater use of electronics in motor vehicles. These trends are expected to result in a continued increase in demand for electronics components. TDK believes that this increase will create a large number of opportunities for its electronic components business and potential for growth.
          The electronic components business is constantly subject to two sources of downward pressure on prices. One is price discounting pressure from finished products manufacturers, the customers of electronic component manufacturers. The other is competition among manufacturers of electronic components.
          Demands for price discounts are the result of competition among finished product manufacturers being passed on to component manufacturers. As they compete with each other, consumer electronics manufacturers, customers of TDK, are constantly seeking ways to establish a competitive advantage. For example, these companies pursue strategies such as differentiating products by adding new functions to existing products, as well as securing a competitive edge through pricing. This sort of competition involving finished products tends to force companies to compete by launching new products, resulting in shorter product lifecycles and a greater risk of price declines.
          TDK’s electronic materials and components segment supplies products that are used mainly in digital home appliances, mobile phones and other consumer electronics as well as in automotive electronics. As such, this business is directly exposed to the effects of the competition outlined above. No change is foreseen in discounting pressure from customers in the coming years.
          Electronic component manufacturers, as with other industries, compete with peer companies. Consumer electronics manufacturers commonly certify several suppliers so that companies need to compete for orders. A company’s pricing strategy is a key element in determining the share of electronic components it supplies to finished product manufacturers. As a consequence, there is constantly downward pressure on prices.
          The electronic components business thus requires the constant execution of initiatives to mitigate the effect of these pricing pressures. Actions to reduce costs are an obvious response. But it is also necessary to establish a position as a components manufacturer that can supply key components when customers launch new products. There is no substitute for product development activities aimed at supplying these key components.
          Price declines are thus inevitable in the electronic components business, but it is possible to reduce or absorb the effects of lower prices by implementing the above measures appropriately, when required. We believe that these actions are an inherently vital element that will ultimately determine the competitiveness of an electronic components business.

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     Critical accounting policies
          Critical accounting policies are those that require application of management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods.
          The following is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of TDK’s accounting policies. TDK’s significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, with no need for management’s judgment in their application. There are also areas in which management’s judgment in selecting an available alternative would not produce a materially different result.
          TDK has identified the following as critical accounting policies: impairment of long-lived assets, valuation of inventories, goodwill and other intangible assets, pension benefit costs, and deferred tax assets.
     Impairment of long-lived assets
          As of March 31, 2006 and 2005, the aggregate of TDK’s property, plant and equipment and amortized intangible assets was ¥270.3 billion ($2,310 million) and ¥229.6 billion, which accounted for 29.3 percent and 28.4 percent of the total assets, respectively. TDK believes that impairment of long-lived assets are critical to TDK’s financial statements because the recoverability of the amounts or lack thereof, could significantly affect its results of operations.
          TDK’s long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles are reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. This review is performed using estimates of future cash flows. If the carrying amount of the asset is considered to be impaired, an impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of an asset exceeds its fair value. Management believes that the estimates of future cash flows and fair values are reasonable; however, changes in estimates resulting in lower future cash flows and fair value due to unforeseen changes in business assumptions could negatively affect the valuation of those long-lived assets and significantly affect TDK’s financial position and results of operations. TDK makes investments with due prudence, taking sufficiently into consideration the future profitability of products and the recoverability of investments.
     Valuation of inventories
          Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined on the average cost method. The carrying value of inventory is reduced for estimated obsolescence by the difference between its cost and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand. TDK evaluates the inventory carrying value for potential excess and obsolete inventory exposures by analyzing historical and anticipated demand. In addition, known and anticipated engineering change orders are evaluated against on-hand quantities for their potential obsolescence affects. As fluctuations in estimates, which become a standard in recognizing adjustments in the carrying values of inventory for expected obsolescence, are influential to business results of TDK, we conclude it as a critical accounting policy. If actual demand were to be substantially lower than estimated, additional inventory adjustments for excess or obsolete inventory may be required, which could have a material adverse effect on TDK’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
          Regarding the appropriateness of estimates in the past, TDK does not use a method based on various scenarios, but a method to reconsider every quarter by comparing estimate and actual results. For example, in the operation management of product sector with rapid development in technological innovation such as the recording devices sector, TDK revises the estimates of valuation of obsolete inventories arising from the timely response to customers’ demands for high-efficiency products on a quarterly basis.

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     Purchase Accounting
          We account for acquired businesses using the purchase method of accounting which requires that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recorded at the date of acquisition at their respective fair values. The judgments made in determining the estimated fair value assigned to each class of assets acquired, as well as asset lives, can materially impact net income of the periods subsequent to the acquisition through depreciation and amortization, and in certain instances by impairment charges, if the asset becomes impaired in the future.
          In determining the estimated fair value for intangible assets, we typically utilize the income approach, which employs discounting of the projected future net cash flow using an appropriate discount rate that reflects the risk factors associated with the cash flow streams.
          Determining the useful life of an intangible asset also requires judgment as different types of intangible assets will have different useful lives and certain assets may even be considered to have indefinite useful lives. Intangible assets determined to have an indefinite useful life have been reassessed periodically based on the factors prescribed in SFAS No. 142 including, but not limited to, the expected use of the asset by us, legal or contractual provisions that may affect the useful life or renewal or extension of the asset’s contractual life without substantial cost, and the effects of demand, competition and other economic factors.
     Goodwill and other intangible assets
          Goodwill and other intangible assets that are determined to have an indefinite life are not amortized and are tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of these assets below their carrying amount. Fair value for these assets is determined using a discounted cash flow analysis, which is based on an authorized business plan. Management believes that the estimates of future cash flows and fair value are reasonable; however, changes in estimates resulting in lower future cash flows and fair value due to unforeseen changes in business assumptions could negatively affect the valuations.
     Pension benefit costs
          Employee pension benefit costs and obligations are dependent on assumptions used by actuaries in calculating such amounts. These assumptions include discount rates, retirement rates and mortality rates which are based upon current statistical data, as well as salary growth, long-term return on plan assets and other factors. Actual results that differ from the assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, therefore, generally affect TDK’s recognized expense and recorded obligation in future periods. While TDK believes that its assumptions used are appropriate, differences in actual experience or changes in assumptions may affect TDK’s benefit obligations and future expense.
          In preparing its financial statements for fiscal 2006, TDK established a discount rate of 2.2 percent and an expected long-term rate of return of 2.7 percent on plan assets. In estimating the discount rate, TDK uses available information about rates of return on long-term corporate bonds currently available and expected to be available during the period to the maturity of the pension benefits. TDK established the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets based on management’s expectations in respect of the long-term returns of the various plan asset categories in which it invests. Management developed expectations with respect to each plan asset category based on actual historical returns and its current expectations for future returns.
          A decrease in the discount rate leads to an increase in actuarial pension benefit obligations that could lead to an increase in net periodic pension cost through amortization of unrecognized actuarial gain or losses. A 50 basis point decrease in the discount rate would increase the projected benefit obligation by approximately 10 percent.
          An increase in the expected return on plan assets may decrease net periodic pension cost in the current year. For fiscal 2006, a 50 basis point decrease in the long-term rate of return would increase net benefit cost by approximately ¥0.9 billion. However, the difference between the expected return and the actual return on those assets could negatively affect net income in future years.

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     Deferred tax assets
          TDK has significant deferred tax assets, which are subject to realizability assessment. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the planned reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes that it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets less valuation allowance, will be realized. However, in the event future projections for income are not realized or are realized in lesser amounts, or in cases where management revises the assessment of the potential for realization of deferred tax assets based on other factors, deferred tax assets may be determined not to be realizable, which then would require TDK to increase a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets resulting in additional income tax expenses.

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     New accounting pronouncements
     New Accounting Standards
          In November 2004, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 151 (“SFAS 151”), “Inventory Costs – an amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 43 (“ARB 43”), Chapter 4”. SFAS 151 amends the guidance in ARB 43, Chapter 4, “Inventory Pricing”, to clarify the accounting for abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs, and wasted material (spoilage). SFAS 151 requires that items such as idle facility expense, excessive spoilage, double freight and rehandling costs be recognized as current-period charges regardless of whether they meet the criterion of “so abnormal” as stated in ARB 43. In addition, SFAS 151 requires that allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of conversion be based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. SFAS 151 is effective for inventory costs incurred in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005. TDK does not expect the adoption of SFAS 151 to have a material effect on TDK’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.
          In December 2004, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share Based Payment” (“SFAS 123R”). SFAS 123R is a revision of SFAS 123, “Accounting for Stock Based Compensation”, and supersedes APB 25. SFAS 123R requires TDK to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for equity awards based on the grant date fair value of the awards. The cost will be recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period of the awards. In April 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission deferred the effective date of SFAS 123R to the beginning of the first annual period after June 15, 2005. TDK adopted SFAS 123R in the first quarter of fiscal 2007 and will continue to evaluate the impact of SFAS 123R on TDK’s consolidated financial position and results of operations. The pro forma information presented in Note 1(j) and Note 10 presents the estimated compensation charges under SFAS 123. TDK’s assessment of the estimated compensation charges is affected by TDK’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables and the related tax impact. These variables include, but are not limited to, TDK’s stock price volatility and employee stock option exercise behaviors. TDK will recognize the compensation cost for stock-based awards issued after April 1, 2006 on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. In addition, TDK will recognize the unvested portion of the grant date fair value of awards issued prior to adoption based on the fair values previously calculated for disclosure purposes. At March 31, 2006, the aggregate value of unvested options, as determined using a Black-Scholes option pricing model, was ¥227 million. Upon adoption of SFAS 123R, this amount will be recognized over the remaining vesting period of these options.
          In May 2005, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 154 (“SFAS 154”), “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections – a replacement of Opinion of the Accounting Principle Board No. 20 (“APB 20”) and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 3 (“SFAS 3”)”. SFAS 154 replaces APB 20, “Accounting Changes” and SFAS 3, “Reporting Accounting Changes in Interim Financial Statements”, and provides guidance on the accounting for and reporting of accounting changes and error corrections. SFAS 154 establishes retrospective application, or the latest practicable date, as the required method for reporting a change in accounting principle and the reporting of a correction of an error. SFAS 154 is effective for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005.
          In July 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48 (“FIN 48”), “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”. FIN 48 establishes the threshold for recognizing the benefits of tax-return positions in the consolidated financial statements as “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the taxing authority, and prescribes a measurement methodology for those positions meeting the recognition threshold. FIN 48 is effective the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2006. TDK is currently evaluating the effect that the adoption of FIN 48 will have on TDK’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.

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     E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
          As part of its ongoing business, TDK does not conduct transactions with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other limited purposes.
     F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
          On March 31, 2006, commitments outstanding for the purchase of property, plant and equipment approximated ¥13.1 billion ($112 million). TDK has entered into several purchase agreements with certain suppliers whereby TDK is committed to purchase a minimum amount of raw materials to be used in the manufacture of its products. Future minimum purchases remaining under the agreements approximated ¥4.5 billion ($39 million) at March 31, 2006. Contingent liabilities for guarantees of loans of TDK’s employees and affiliates amounted to approximately ¥5.7 billion ($49 million).
Contractual obligations on March 31, 2006 are summarized as follows:
                                         
    Payments Due by Period (Yen in millions)
            Less than   1 to 3   3 to 5   After 5
    Total   1 year   years   years   years
     
Contractual obligations:
                                       
 
                                       
Long-term debt
  ¥ 2,363       1,958       323       67       15  
 
                                       
Operating leases
    11,584       2,499       3,331       1,881       3,873  
 
                                       
Contributions to defined benefit plans
    6,315       6,315                    
Purchase commitment of raw materials
    4,539       4,061       231       204       43  
Purchase commitment of property, plant and equipment
    13,088       13,088                    
 
Total
    37,889       27,921       3,885       2,152       3,931  
 

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     G. Safe Harbor
          This material contains forward-looking statements, including projections, plans, policies, management strategies, targets, schedules, understandings and evaluations, about TDK Corporation (“TDK”) and its group companies (TDK and its group companies are referred to also as “TDK” where the context so requires). These forward-looking statements are based on the current forecasts, estimates, assumptions, plans, beliefs and evaluations of TDK in light of information currently available to it, and contain known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors. TDK therefore wishes to caution readers that, being subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, TDK’s actual results, performance, achievements or financial position could be materially different from any future results, performance, achievements or financial position expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, and TDK undertakes no obligations to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements after the issue of this material.
          The electronics markets in which TDK operates are highly susceptible to rapid changes. Risks, uncertainties and other factors that can have significant effects on TDK include, but are not limited to, shifts in technology, fluctuations in demand, prices, interest and foreign exchange rates, and change in economic environments, conditions of competition, laws and regulations.

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Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
     A. Directors and senior management
          Directors, corporate officers and corporate auditors of TDK as of June 29, 2006 and their respective business experience are listed below.
     Directors
     
Name (Date of birth)   Position, responsibility and brief personal record
Hajime Sawabe  
Representative Director, Chairman and CEO – since June 2006
(Jan. 9, 1942)  
- Director of TDK since June 1996
   
- Appointed Representative Director, President and CEO in June 1998
   
 
Takehiro Kamigama  
Representative Director, President and COO – since June 2006
(Jan. 12, 1958)  
- Appointed General Manager of Data Storage Components Business Group in October 2001
   
- Corporate Officer of TDK since June 2002
   
- Appointed Senior Vice President of TDK in June 2003
   
- Appointed General Manager of Data Storage and Thin Film Technology Components Business Group in June 2003
   
- Appointed Director, Executive Vice President in June 2004
   
 
Jiro Iwasaki  
Director, Executive Vice President – since June 2006
(Dec. 6, 1945)  
In charge of General Manager of Administration Group and Environment
   
- Director of TDK since June 1996
   
- General Manager of Administration Group and Environment since June 2002
   
- Appointed Senior Vice President in June 2002
   
 
Shinji Yoko  
Director, Senior Vice President – since June 2002
(Jan. 2, 1948)  
In charge of General Manager of Electronic Components Sales and Marketing Group
   
- Director of TDK since June 1998
   
- Appointed Deputy General Manager of Electronic Components Business Group, General Manager of High Frequency Devices Division in April 2000
   
- General Manager of Electronic Components Sales and Marketing Group since June 2002

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Name (Date of birth)   Position, responsibility and brief personal record
Takeshi Nomura  
Director, Senior Vice President – since June 2002
(Mar. 8, 1952)  
In charge of General Manager of Ferrite and Magnet Products Business Group
   
- Director of TDK since 1998
   
- Appointed General Manager of Materials Research Center, General Manager of Intellectual Properties Center in July 2002
   
- Appointed General Manager of Materials Research Center, General Manager of Intellectual Properties Center, General Manager of Information Technology Research Center and Technology in July 2003
   
- Appointed General Manager of Technology Group, General Manager of Intellectual Properties Center and Technology in January 2004
   
- Appointed General Manager of Technology Group, General Manager of Intellectual Properties Center, General Manager of Devices Development Center and Technology in July 2004
   
- General Manager of Ferrite and Magnet Products Business Group since April 2005
   
 
Yasuhiro Hagihara  
Director* – since June 2002
(Oct. 19, 1937)  
- Admitted to the bar in Washington D.C., U.S.A. in April 1971
   
- Elected Partner of Graham & James L.L.P. in January 1979
   
- Partner of Squire, Sanders & Dempsey L.L.P. since July 2000
   
- Partner of Squire Sanders Gaikokuho Kyodo Jigyo Horitsu Jimusho since April 2005
   
 
Seiji Enami  
Director and CFO– since June 2005
(Sep. 14, 1947)  
In charge of General Manager of Finance and Accounting Department
   
- Appointed General Manager of Recording Media and Systems Business Group Industrial Sales Department in April 2000
   
- General Manager of Finance and Accounting Department since April 2001
   
- CFO of TDK since June 2004

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     Corporate Officers
     
Name (Date of birth)   Position, responsibility and brief personal record
Kiyoshi Ito  
Corporate Officer, Senior Executive Vice President – since June 2006
(May 28, 1944)  
In charge of General Manager of SCM Group and Production
   
- Appointed General Manager of Electronic Components Business Group Capacitors Division in March 1999
   
- Appointed Director of TDK in June 2000
   
- Appointed General Manager of Circuit Devices Business Group in October 2001
   
- Appointed Corporate Officer, Senior Vice President of TDK in June 2002
   
- Appointed General Manager of Circuit Devices Business Group, General Manager of Ceramic Material Products Division in June 2002
   
- Appointed Executive Vice President in June 2004
   
- General Manager of SCM Group and Production since April 2005
   
 
Takaya Ishigaki  
Corporate Officer, Senior Vice President – since June 2005
(Apr. 10, 1953)  
In charge of General Manager of Circuit Devices Business Group, Capacitor Group Senior Manager
   
- Appointed Deputy General Manager of Circuit Devices Business Group, Capacitor Group Senior Manager, General Manager of Multilayer Ceramics Manufacturing Department in October 2001
   
- Appointed Corporate Officer of TDK in June 2003
   
- General Manager of Circuit Devices Business Group, Capacitor Group Senior Manager since April 2005
   
 
Minoru Takahashi  
Corporate Officer, Senior Vice President – since June 2005
(Feb. 12, 1948)  
In charge of General Manager of Technology Group, General Manager of Devices Development Center and Technology, Intellectual Properties
   
- Appointed General Manager of Sensors and Actuators Business Division, General Manager of Business Promotions Department in April 2002
   
- Appointed Corporate Officer of TDK in June 2003
   
- Appointed General Manager of Sensors and Actuators Business Group in November 2004
   
- General Manager of Technology Group, General Manager of Devices Development Center and Technology, Intellectual Properties since April 2005
   
 
Michinori Katayama  
Corporate Officer, Senior Vice President – since June 2006
(Dec. 9, 1946)  
In charge of General Manager of Corporate Communications Department
   
- General Manager of Corporate Communications Department since January 1999
   
- Appointed Corporate Officer in June 2002

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Name (Date of birth)   Position, responsibility and brief personal record
Yukio Hirokawa  
Corporate Officer – since June 2002
(Feb. 19, 1947)  
In charge of General Manager of Network Devices Business Group
   
- Appointed Associate Director, Electronic Components Sales and Marketing Group East Japan Sales Department Senior Manager in June 2000
   
- Appointed Associate Director, CRM Group Strategic Sales Department Senior Manager in April 2001
   
- Appointed Associate Director, Deputy General Manager of Network Devices Business Group in October 2001
   
- General Manager of Network Devices Business Group since January 2002
   
 
Masatoshi Shikanai  
Corporate Officer – since June 2002
(Oct. 3, 1949)  
In charge of General Manager of Recording Media and Solutions Business Group
   
- Appointed General Manager of Recording Media and Systems Business Group Europe Division in April 2000
   
- Appointed Deputy General Manager of Recording Media and Systems Business Group in February 2001
   
- General Manager of Recording Media and Solutions Business Group since October 2001
   
 
Kenryo Namba  
Corporate Officer – since June 2002
(Jan. 6, 1947)  
In charge of Deputy General Manager of Technology Group, General Manager of Material Analysis Center and Organic Materials
   
- Appointed General Manager of Corporate Research and Development Center in April 2001
   
- Appointed Deputy General Manager of Technology Group, General Manager of Devices Development Center, General Manager of Material Analysis Center in January 2004
   
- Deputy General Manager of Technology Group, General Manager of Material Analysis Center and Organic Materials since July 2004
   
 
Raymond Leung  
Corporate Officer – since June 2004
(Apr. 18, 1956)  
In charge of General Manager of China Operation Group, Vice Chairman of SAE Magnetics (H.K.) Ltd.
   
- Appointed President of SAE Magnetics (H.K.) Ltd. in October 2000
   
- Appointed Deputy General Manager of Data Storage and Thin Film Technology Components Business Group in June 2004
   
- General Manager of China Operation Group, Vice Chairman of SAE Magnetics (H.K.) Ltd. since April 2005
   
 
Shunji Itakura  
Corporate Officer – since June 2005
(Nov. 15, 1947)  
In charge of General Manager of Display Business Department
   
- Appointed President of TDK (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. in January 1999
   
- General Manager of Display Business Department since April 2001

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Name (Date of birth)   Position, responsibility and brief personal record
Shiro Nomi  
Corporate Officer – since June 2005
(May 8, 1949)  
In charge of General Manager of Corporate Strategy Corporate Planning Department
   
- Appointed General Manager of Corporate Planning Department in October 2000
   
- General Manager of Corporate Strategy Corporate Planning Department since October 2001
   
- General Manager of Corporate Strategy Management Review & Support Department since April 2006
   
 
Shinichi Araya  
Corporate Officer – since June 2005
(Mar. 7, 1952)  
In charge of Deputy General Manager of Circuit Devices Business Group, Inductor Group Senior Manager
   
- Appointed General Manager of Mechatronics Division in January 1999
   
- Appointed General Manager of Mechatronics Division, General Manager of Production Engineering Development Department in April 2000
   
- Appointed Deputy General Manager of Production Engineering Development Center in April 2001
   
- Appointed General Manager of Production Engineering Development Department in October 2001
   
- Deputy General Manager of Circuit Devices Business Group, Inductor Group Senior Manager since April 2002

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     Corporate Auditors
     
Name (Date of birth)   Position, responsibility and brief personal record
Masaaki Miyoshi  
Corporate Auditor – since June 2003
(Sep. 3, 1947)  
- Appointed President of Korea TDK Co., Ltd. in July 2000
   
 
Takuma Otsuka  
Corporate Auditor – since June 2000
(Feb. 23, 1944)  
- Appointed Director of TDK in June 1998
   
 
Kazutaka Kubota  
Corporate Auditor* – since June 2003
(Oct. 11, 1942)  
- Appointed Vice President of Asahi Bank, Ltd. in June 2000
   
- Appointed President of Asahigin Research Institute, Ltd. and Corporate Auditor of Saitama Railway Corporation in June 2002
   
 
Kaoru Matsumoto  
Corporate Auditor* – since June 2003
(Dec. 8, 1947)  
- Registration as a Certified Public Accountant in March 1976
   
- Establishment of Kaoru Matsumoto & Co. since November 1977
   
 
Ryoichi Ohno  
Corporate Auditor* – since June 2004
(Nov. 3, 1958)  
- Registration as a U.S. Certified Public Accountant in November 1988
   
- Appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of The Gibraltar Life Insurance Co., Ltd. in September 2001
   
- Finance Vice President of Prudential Financial Inc. since September 2001
   
- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of The Gibraltar Life Insurance Co., Ltd. since July 2005
Notes(*)
     All of TDK’s Directors (except Yasuhiro Hagihara), Corporate Officers and Corporate Auditors (except Kazutaka Kubota, Kaoru Matsumoto and Ryoichi Ohno) have been engaged on a full-time basis.
          All Directors and Corporate Auditors are elected by the general meeting of shareholders. The term of office of Directors is one year. The current term of all Directors expires in June 2007. The term of office of Corporate Auditors is four years. The current terms for Mr. Miyoshi, Mr. Otsuka, Mr. Kubota, Mr. Matsumoto and Mr. Ohno expire in June 2007.
          There are no family relationships between any Director or Corporate Officer or Corporate Auditor and any other Director or Corporate Officer or Corporate Auditor of TDK.

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    B. Compensation
(1)   The aggregate direct remuneration, including bonuses but excluding retirement allowances, paid by TDK during the years ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 to all Directors and Corporate Auditors of TDK who served during each of those years was approximately 250 million ($2,137 thousand) and 254 million, respectively. During fiscal 2006, TDK’s Directors and Corporate Officers as of June 29, 2006 received 126 and 130 stock acquisition rights as stock options, respectively. Each right represents an option to purchase 100 shares of common stock of TDK. Further details regarding the grants are listed below. For a discussion of other material terms of the issuance of these stock acquisitions rights, please see Item 6.E. “Share ownership”. TDK does not disclose individual remuneration for each Director and Corporate Auditor and aggregate direct remuneration for Corporate Officers except for compensation in the form of stock acquisition rights, because such disclosure is not required under Japanese regulations. Corporate Auditors do not receive stock acquisition rights.
             
        Number of stock
        acquisition rights
        granted individually
Name   Position   during fiscal 2006
Directors
           
Hajime Sawabe
  Representative Director, Chairman and CEO     35  
Takehiro Kamigama
  Representative Director, President and COO     26  
Jiro Iwasaki
  Director, Executive Vice President     19  
Shinji Yoko
  Director, Senior Vice President     17  
Takeshi Nomura
  Director, Senior Vice President     17  
Yasuhiro Hagihara
  Director (outside)     2  
Seiji Enami
  Director and CFO     10  
 
           
 
        126  
Corporate Officers
           
Kiyoshi Ito
  Corporate Officer, Senior Executive Vice President     24  
Takaya Ishigaki
  Corporate Officer, Senior Vice President     16  
Minoru Takahashi
  Corporate Officer, Senior Vice President     16  
Michinori Katayama
  Corporate Officer, Senior Vice President     10  
Yukio Hirokawa
  Corporate Officer     9  
Masatoshi Shikanai
  Corporate Officer     9  
Kenryo Namba
  Corporate Officer     9  
Raymond Leung
  Corporate Officer     10  
Shunji Itakura
  Corporate Officer     9  
Shiro Nomi
  Corporate Officer     9  
Shinichi Araya
  Corporate Officer     9  
 
           
 
        130  

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(2)   When a Director or Corporate Auditor retires, a proposal to pay a lump sum retirement allowance is submitted to the general meeting of shareholders for approval. If shareholder approval is obtained, the amount of the retirement allowance for a Director or Corporate Auditor is determined in the case of the Director by the Board of Directors, and in the case of the Corporate Auditor by the Corporate Auditors, and generally reflects his/her prior positions, the length of his/her service as a Director or Corporate Auditor and his/her contribution to TDK’s performance. The aggregate amount set aside as lump sum retirement allowance by TDK during fiscal 2006 and fiscal 2005 for Directors and Corporate Auditors of TDK totaled approximately 14 million ($120 thousand) and 14 million, respectively. In June 2002, TDK introduced a Corporate Officer system to improve management efficiency and expedite decision-making. With the introduction of a Corporate Officer system (See Item 6.C. “Board practices”), the remuneration system at large was reviewed and a lump sum retirement allowance for Directors was abolished.
 
    On June 27, 2002 the Board of Directors resolved that the retirement bonus remuneration system for Directors should be abolished from the date of the resolution and that the retirement bonus reserves which had been made for, and had not been paid to, the Directors who are reappointed at the general meeting of shareholders held on June 27, 2002, should be frozen until their respective retirements. The payment of any frozen retirement bonuses upon the retirement of a director shall be subject to the consent of a general meeting of shareholders.
     TDK has a stock option plan for Directors, Corporate Officers and all other employees. See Item 6.E. “Share ownership”.
    C. Board practices
     TDK’s Articles of Incorporation provide for a Board of Directors of not more than ten members. Directors are elected at the general meeting of shareholders for a term of office of one year and may serve any number of consecutive terms. The Board of Directors has the ultimate responsibility for the administration of the affairs of TDK.
     The Board of Directors may appoint from among the Directors referred to above one or more Representative Directors. Each of the Representative Directors has the authority to represent TDK generally in the conduct of its affairs.
     TDK introduced a Corporate Officer system in June 2002 to improve management efficiency and expedite decision making. Corporate Officers are elected at the meeting of the Board of Directors held immediately after the ordinary general meeting of shareholders, for a term of one year, but may serve any number of terms upon appointment of the Board of Directors each time following the expiration of the term. The Board of Directors may elect from among Corporate Officers one or more Executive Vice Presidents, Senior Vice Presidents and Corporate Senior Officers. Each of the Corporate Officers has the authority individually to operate businesses of which he/she is in charge, under the control of the Board of Directors.
     The Corporate Auditors of TDK, who are elected at the general meeting of shareholders and whose number must not exceed five, are not required to be certified public accountants. One or more Standing Corporate Auditors is required to be elected from among the Corporate Auditors. Each Corporate Auditor has the statutory duty to audit the financial statements and business reports to be submitted by the Representative Director to the ordinary general meeting of shareholders and also to audit the administration by the Directors. Each of the Corporate Auditors is required to attend and, if necessary, express his or her opinion at meetings of the Board of Directors, but is not entitled to vote. TDK established a Board of Corporate Auditors (at least half of which must be from outside TDK) and the term of each Corporate Auditor is four years.

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     In addition to the Corporate Auditors, TDK is required to appoint an accounting auditor which is required to be a certified public accountant or an auditing firm. The primary duty of an accounting auditor is to audit the financial statements proposed to be submitted by the Representative Director to the ordinary general meetings of shareholders for approval thereof, and to report their opinion to the Board of Corporate Auditors if they have found any wrongdoings or material facts which are in violation of laws and regulations or the Articles of Incorporation with respect to director’s performance of its duties.
     There are no family relationships between any Director or Corporate Officer or Corporate Auditor and any other Director or Corporate Officer or Corporate Auditor of TDK.

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Significant differences in corporate governance practices between TDK and U.S. listed companies on the New York Stock Exchange
1. Directors’ Independence
     Under the Company Law of Japan (the “Company Law”), which became effective on May 1, 2006, TDK is a “Company with Board of Corporate Auditors,” meaning a company which has the board of corporate auditors (kansayaku-kai). The Company Law allows a company to choose to be a “Company with Committees,” meaning a company that has a nominating committee, audit committee, compensation committee and one or more executive officers, without having corporate auditors. However, TDK has not chosen to be a Company with Committees.
     Under the New York Stock Exchange Corporate Governance Rules (the “Rules”), listed companies must have a majority of independent directors. By contrast, while the Company Law requires “Companies with a Board of Directors,” meaning a company which has established or is required to establish a board of the directors, to have a minimum of three directors, it does not require that a Company with a Board of Corporate Auditors have outside directors. An “outside director” is defined as “a director who was not a managing director, executive officer, manager or employee of the company or any of its subsidiaries at any time in the past, and who is not currently a managing director, executive officer, manager or employee of the company or any of its subsidiary.”
     TDK is in compliance with the Company Law and has seven directors. In addition, although TDK is not required to have outside directors by law, it has voluntarily elected one outside director (Yasuhiro Hagihara).
2. Definition of “Independent Director”
     The meaning of “outside director” under the Company Law is not exactly the same as the meaning of “independent director” provided under the Rules.
     Under the Rules, no director qualifies as “independent” unless the board of directors affirmatively determines that the director has no material relationship with the listed company, either directly or as a partner, shareholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the company. Companies must identify which directors are independent and disclose the basis for that determination. In addition, a director is not independent if:
    The director is, or has been within the last three years, an employee of the listed company, or an immediate family member is, or has been within the last three years, an executive officer, of the listed company.
 
    The director has received, or has an immediate family member who has received, during any twelve-month period within the last three years, more than $100,000 in direct compensation from the listed company, other than director and committee fees and pension or other forms of deferred compensation for prior service (provided such compensation is not contingent in any way on continued service).
 
    The director or an immediate family member is a current partner of a firm that is the company’s internal or external auditor; the director is a current employee of such a firm; the director has an immediate family member who is a current employee of such a firm and who participates in the firm’s audit, assurance or tax compliance (but not tax planning) practice; or the director or an immediate family member was within the last three years (but is no longer) a partner or employee of such a firm and personally worked on the listed company’s audit within that time.

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    The director or an immediate family member is, or has been within the last three years, employed as an executive officer of another company where any of the listed company’s present executive officers at the same time serves or served on that company’s compensation committee.
 
    The director is a current employee, or an immediate family member is a current executive officer, of a company that has made payments to, or received payments from, the listed company for property or services in an amount which, in any of the last three fiscal years, exceeds the greater of $1 million, or 2 percent of such other company’s consolidated gross revenues.
     By contrast, the Company Law provides that an “outside director” is “a director who was not a managing director, executive officer, manager or employee of the company or any of its subsidiaries at any time in the past, and who is not currently a managing director or executive officer, manager or employee of the company or any of its subsidiary.”
     Mr. Yasuhiro Hagihara is an outside director within the meaning of the Company Law.
3. Corporate Auditors
     TDK, a Company with Board of Corporate Auditors within the meaning of the Company Law, is required to have at least three corporate auditors. At least half of such corporate auditors must be outside auditors.
     The Company Law provides that an “outside corporate auditor” is “a corporate auditor of the company who has not been a director, accounting officer (kaikei sanyo), executive officer, manager or other employee of such company or any of its subsidiaries at any time before their assumption of office as corporate auditor”. On the other hand, the Rules provide that all audit committee members satisfy the requirements for director independence.
     Of the five TDK corporate auditors, three — Mr. Kazutaka Kubota, Mr. Kaoru Matsumoto and Mr. Ryoichi Ohno — are outside corporate auditors within the meaning of the Company Law.
4. Regularly Scheduled Sessions without Management
     Japanese law does not require that TDK hold regular meetings without management as mentioned in the Rules. Since TDK is a Company with Board of Corporate Auditors, each of its corporate auditors and the board of directors audit/monitor the management, and such auditing/monitoring by the corporate auditors and the board of directors functions as TDK’s management-check system.

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5. Nominating / Corporate Governance Committee
     Whereas under the Rules, listed companies must have a nominating / corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors, under Japanese law, TDK, as a Company with Board of Corporate Auditors, is not required to establish a nominating committee. Thus, TDK currently does not have a nominating committee.
     The Directors and Corporate Auditors of TDK must be appointed at a shareholders’ meeting in accordance with the Company Law. The Company Law requires directors of a Company with Board of Corporate Auditors to obtain the consent of the board of corporate auditors if the directors desire to submit to a shareholders’ meeting a proposal concerning the appointment of a corporate auditor. Also, the board of corporate auditors may demand that the directors include the appointment of a corporate auditor in the agenda of a shareholders’ meeting or that the directors submit a proposal concerning the appointment of a corporate auditor who is recommended by the board of corporate auditors. In order to dismiss a corporate auditor, any such dismissal must be by special resolution of a general shareholders meeting.
6. Compensation Committee
     Under the Rules, listed companies must have a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors. On the other hand, Japanese law does not require TDK, a Company with Board of Corporate Auditors, to set up a compensation committee. TDK has, however, voluntarily established a compensation advisory committee (the “CAC”). The CAC is responsible for (i) investigating compensation levels for directors and executive officers, (ii) reviewing compensation systems, performance evaluation standards and the method of calculating compensation, and (iii) making proposals for compensation level for certain individuals. The CAC is authorized to make and submit proposals to the Board of Directors.
     The CAC has three members: one outside director (Yasuhiro Hagihara), one non-outside director (Jiro Iwasaki) and an outside expert on compensation.
     In the case of TDK, a Company with Board of Corporate Auditors, the Company Law and the Articles of Incorporation requires the following matters with respect to the amount of compensation for the Directors to be determined by the resolution of a shareholders’ meeting:
  (1)   With respect to any item of compensation in a definitive amount, such amount;
 
  (2)   With respect to any item of compensation not in a definitive amount, a concrete method for the calculation thereof; and
 
  (3)   With respect to non-monetary items as compensation, the specific contents thereof.
7. Audit Committee
     Japanese law does not require TDK, a Company with Board of Corporate Auditors, to set up an audit committee, and TDK therefore has not established an audit committee. TDK, however, has established the board of corporate auditors pursuant to the Company Law (consisting of five corporate auditors including three outside corporate auditors) and this exempts TDK from Rule 10A-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, requiring companies to have an audit committee. This exemption is specifically provided by Rule 10A-3(c)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and applies to TDK because TDK meets all of the following elements that are enumerated:
  (i)   TDK has a Board of Corporate Auditors (kansayaku-kai) established and selected pursuant to the Company Law;

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  (ii)   The Company Law requires the board of corporate auditors to be separate from the board of directors;
 
  (iii)   Under the Company Law, the corporate auditors are not elected by management, but by the shareholders at a shareholders’ meeting. In addition, no executive officer of TDK is a member of the board of corporate auditors;
 
  (iv)   The Company Law prohibits a corporate auditor from serving as a director, manager or other employee of the company or any of its subsidiaries, or as an accounting officer (kaikei sanyo) or executive officer of any subsidiary of the company. The Company Law requires a Company with Board of Corporate Directors to have at least half of the auditors thereof must be an outside auditor as such term is defined in the Company Law. As such, the Company Law provide for the standards for independence of the board of corporate auditors from the management of TDK;
 
  (v)   The Company Law provides that an accounting auditor (kaikei kansanin) must be appointed at a shareholders’ meeting. However, it also provides that in order to submit a proposal concerning an appointment of an accounting auditor to a shareholders’ meeting, the directors must obtain the consent of the Board of Corporate Auditors and that the Board of Corporate Auditors may demand that the directors include the appointment of an accounting auditor in the agenda of a shareholders’ meeting or demand that the directors submit a proposal concerning the appointment of a certain accounting auditor who is recommended by the Board of Corporate Auditors. In addition, the Company Law provides that the Board of Corporate Auditors may dismiss an accounting auditor for causes such as breach of his or her duties that are enumerated in the Company Law. Further, pursuant to the Company Law and Company Accounting Regulations thereunder, the board of corporate auditors audit the financial statements separately from an audit by the accounting auditor, and if the board believes that the manner or result of an audit by the accounting auditors is not reasonable, it must indicate its objections and the reasons therefor in the audit report. To this end, a corporate auditor may, if necessary for the performance of his/her duties, request the accounting auditor to provide a report thereon. As such, in accordance with the Company Law, the Board of Corporate Auditors of TDK is responsible, to the extent permitted by law, for the appointment, retention and supervision of the work of a registered public accounting firm engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit, review or attest services for TDK; and
 
  (vi)   Under Japanese law, the establishment of the procedures for the receipt, retention, and treatment of complaints and the confidential, anonymous submission by employees is a responsibility of the board of directors, not the corporate auditors or the board of corporate auditors, and thus, the Board of Directors of TDK has established such procedures. Each Corporate Auditor of TDK may, however, investigate the status of such procedures at any time and state his/her opinion at a meeting of the Board of Directors if he/she considers it necessary. In addition, each Corporate Auditor of TDK has the authority to engage independent counsel and other advisers if such engagement is necessary to carry out his/her duties. Furthermore, each Corporate Auditor may require TDK to pay any and all expenses necessary for carrying out his/her duties, including compensation of any advisers employed by him/her and ordinary administrative expenses.
     As discussed above, TDK has established a Board of Corporate Auditors pursuant to the Company Law (consisting of five corporate auditors including three outside corporate auditors), and therefore does not have an audit committee.

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8. Corporate Governance Guidelines
     Under the Rules, listed companies must adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines. On the other hand, Japanese law does not require TDK to either adopt or disclose corporate governance guidelines, and thus TDK has not established such guidelines. However, TDK has disclosed “The Status Concerning Corporate Governance” in its Japanese Annual Securities Report in accordance with the Securities Exchange Law of Japan and regulations thereunder. Furthermore, in conjunction with the amendment (effective as of March 1, 2006) of the Regulations Concerning Listing of Securities issued by the Tokyo Stock Exchange, TDK has delivered to the Tokyo Stock Exchange a report titled “Report Concerning Corporate Governance”. Additionally, because the Company Law requires that Large Companies (a company with paid in capital of Five Hundred Million Japanese Yen (JPY 500,000,000) or more or debt of Twenty Billion Japanese Yen (JPY 20,000,000,000) or more) determine whether or not to establish internal control systems to ensure that the performance by directors of their duties comply with applicable laws and regulations and the articles of incorporation of such Large Company, and the internal control systems provided under the Regulations Concerning Enforcement of the Company Law to ensure the integrity of the business activities of a company (collectively referred to as the “Internal Control System”), the Board of Directors of TDK has, through resolution, determined upon the detailed content of a corporate governance system.
9. Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
     Listed companies must adopt and disclose a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees, and promptly disclose any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers under the Rules. By contrast, although Japanese law does not require TDK to adopt or disclose a code of business conduct and ethics, TDK has voluntarily adopted and disclosed one. See Item 16B. “Code of Ethics”. Furthermore, TDK has incorporated such code of business conduct and ethics into the Internal Control System indicated in the preceding paragraph.

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    D. Employees
     The following table lists the number of TDK full-time employees as of March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004.
                         
As of March 31, 2006   Japan   Overseas   Total
Electronic materials and components
    7,697       42,419       50,116  
Recording media
    993       1,258       2,251  
Corporate
    1,516       40       1,556  
 
Total
    10,206       43,717       53,923  
                         
As of March 31, 2005   Japan   Overseas   Total
Electronic materials and components
    6,938       26,112       33,050  
Recording media
    1,128       1,465       2,593  
Corporate
    1,436       36       1,472  
 
Total
    9,502       27,613       37,115  
                         
As of March 31, 2004   Japan   Overseas   Total
Electronic materials and components
    7,147       25,204       32,351  
Recording media
    1,173       1,734       2,907  
Corporate
    1,524       22       1,546  
 
Total
    9,844       26,960       36,804  
     The increase in the number of employees compared with the previous fiscal year is principally attributable to the net increase in the number of employees of the electronic materials and components segment, as Lambda Power Business became subsidiaries of TDK that are included in the scope of new consolidation, and TDK increased the number of employees in order to respond to the increased orders.
     TDK considers its employee relations to be excellent; there have been no significant strikes or labor disputes.
     All full-time employees in Japan, except management and certain other personnel, must become union members. Approximately 76 percent of full-time employees of TDK are members of the TDK Labor Union, which is affiliated with ZENKIN RENGO. About 45 percent of the full-time employees of TDK and its domestic subsidiaries are members of unions affiliated with ZENKIN RENGO.
     As is customary in Japan, TDK negotiates with the TDK Labor Union for annual wage increases, and twice a year for bonuses. TDK also renews the terms and conditions of labor contracts, other than those relating to wage and bonuses, every year.

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    E. Share ownership
     The following table lists the number of shares (which exclude shares underlying stock acquisition rights) and shares underlying stock acquisition rights owned by the Directors, Corporate Officers and Corporate Auditors of TDK as of June 29, 2006. The total number of shares held is 27,500, and the total number of share underlying acquisition rights held is 282,100, as shown below, and these numbers constituted 0.2 percent of all outstanding shares as of such date.
                     
                Number of
                shares
                underlying
        Number of   stock acquisi-
Name   Position   shares   tion rights
Hajime Sawabe
  Representative Director, Chairman and CEO     9,000       51,300  
Takehiro Kamigama
  Representative Director, President and COO     3,300       27,000  
Jiro Iwasaki
  Director, Executive Vice President     2,000       17,000  
Shinji Yoko
  Director, Senior Vice President     1,000       30,800  
Takeshi Nomura
  Director, Senior Vice President     1,000       31,000  
Yasuhiro Hagihara
  Director (outside)     1,000       2,500  
Seiji Enami
  Director and CFO     1,100       5,500  
 
                   
Kiyoshi Ito
  Corporate Officer, Senior Executive Vice President     1,000       29,600  
Takaya Ishigaki
  Corporate Officer, Senior Vice President     800       9,900  
Minoru Takahashi
  Corporate Officer, Senior Vice President     200       9,900  
Michinori Katayama
  Corporate Officer, Senior Vice President     500       12,500  
Yukio Hirokawa
  Corporate Officer     1,400       16,700  
Masatoshi Shikanai
  Corporate Officer     300       12,500  
Kenryo Namba
  Corporate Officer     2,000       16,500  
Raymond Leung
  Corporate Officer     0       2,000  
Shunji Itakura
  Corporate Officer     600       3,300  
Shiro Nomi
  Corporate Officer     300       2,400  
Shinichi Araya
  Corporate Officer     0       1,700  
 
                   
Masaaki Miyoshi
  Full-time Corporate Auditor     1,000        
Takuma Otsuka
  Full-time Corporate Auditor     1,000        
Kazutaka Kubota
  Corporate Auditor (outside)     0        
Kaoru Matsumoto
  Corporate Auditor (outside)     0        
Ryoichi Ohno
  Corporate Auditor (outside)     0        
 
Total
        27,500       282,100  

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   Stock option plans
     TDK obtained approval of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 29, 2006 regarding the issuance of stock acquisition rights as stock options for a stock-linked compensation plan (the Stock Acquisition Rights) to Directors. Upon approval, the Board of Directors adopted resolutions to issue an aggregate of 176 Stock Acquisition Rights, each representing a stock option to purchase 100 shares of common stock of TDK, to the 7 Directors. The Stock Acquisition Rights are exercisable during the period from August 6, 2006 to August 5, 2026. The amount to be paid by qualified persons upon the exercise of each Stock Acquisition Rights is set at ¥1 per share of common stock, which is subject to an adjustment in certain events, including but not limited to a stock split, stock dividend and issue of new shares at a price less than the current market price of the shares of TDK.
     TDK obtained approval of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 29, 2006 regarding the issuance of stock acquisition rights as stock options for a stock-linked compensation plan (the Stock Acquisition Rights) to Corporate Officers, pursuant to Articles 236, 238 and 239 of the Company Law (Kaisha-ho). Upon approval, the Board of Directors adopted resolutions to issue an aggregate of 153 Stock Acquisition Rights, each representing a stock option to purchase 100 shares of common stock of TDK, to the 10 Corporate Officers. The Stock Acquisition Rights are exercisable during the period from August 6, 2006 to August 5, 2026. The amount to be paid by qualified persons upon the exercise of each Stock Acquisition Rights is set at ¥1 per share of common stock, which is subject to an adjustment in certain events, including but not limited to a stock split, stock dividend and issue of new shares at a price less than the current market price of the shares of TDK.
     TDK also obtained approval of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 29, 2006 regarding the issuance of stock acquisition rights as stock options (the Stock Acquisition Rights) to select senior executives, pursuant to Articles 236, 238 and 239 of the Company Law. Upon approval, the Board of Directors adopted resolutions to issue an aggregate of 1,200 Stock Acquisition Rights, each representing a stock option to purchase 100 shares of common stock of TDK, to select senior executives of TDK, and the Directors and select senior executives of subsidiaries. The Stock Acquisition Rights are exercisable during the period from August 1, 2008 to July 31, 2012.
     TDK obtained approval of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 29, 2005 regarding the issuance of stock acquisition rights as share-based compensation stock options (the Stock Acquisition Rights) to Board members and Corporate Officers, pursuant to Articles 280-20 and 280-21 of the Japanese Commercial Code. Upon approval, the Board of Directors adopted resolutions to issue an aggregate of 246 Stock Acquisition Rights, each representing an option to purchase 100 shares of common stock of TDK, to the then 17 Directors and Corporate Officers of TDK. The Stock Acquisition Rights issued on June 30, 2005 are fully vested on date of issuance and are exercisable during the period from July 1, 2005 to June 30, 2025. The amount to be paid by qualified persons upon the exercise of each Stock Acquisition Rights is set at ¥1 ($0.01) per share of common stock. Stock option related compensation cost of ¥186 million ($1,590 thousand) has been recognized in fiscal 2006, representing the amount attributed to service rendered during the current period of the amount by which the market price of the underlying common stock exceeded the exercise price of stock options approved for issuance at the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held in June 2005.

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     TDK obtained approval of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 29, 2005 regarding the issuance of stock acquisition rights as stock options to select senior executives, pursuant to Articles 280-20 and 280-21 of the Japanese Commercial Code. Upon approval, the Board of Directors adopted resolutions to issue an aggregate of 906 Stock Acquisition Rights, each representing an option to purchase 100 shares of common stock of TDK, to the then 172 select senior executives of TDK, and the Directors and select senior executives of subsidiaries. The Stock Acquisition Rights issued on August 11, 2005 are exercisable during the period from August 1, 2007 to July 31, 2011. The amount to be paid by qualified persons upon the exercise of each Stock Acquisition Rights is set at ¥8,134 ($69.52) per share of common stock, which was calculated by a formula approved by shareholders at the said annual shareholders meeting and is subject to an adjustment in certain events, including but not limited to a stock split, stock dividend and issue of new shares at a price less than the current market price of the shares of TDK. The exercise price of each Stock Acquisition Rights was equal to or greater than the fair market value of TDK’s common stock on the date of grant.
     To cover these options and share-based compensation stock options issued on June 30, 2005, TDK purchased on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (“TSE”) a total of 115,200 common shares with an aggregate purchase price of ¥930 million ($7,949 thousand) from August 17, 2005 through August 22, 2005.
     TDK obtained approval of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 29, 2004 regarding the issuance of stock acquisition rights as stock options, pursuant to Articles 280-20 and 280-21 of the Japanese Commercial Code. Upon approval, the Board of Directors adopted resolutions to issue an aggregate of 2,343 Stock Acquisition Rights, each representing a stock option to purchase 100 shares of common stock of TDK, to the then 187 Directors, Corporate Officers and select senior executives of TDK, and the Directors and select senior executives of its subsidiaries. The Stock Acquisition Rights are exercisable during the period from August 1, 2006 to July 31, 2010. The amount to be paid by qualified persons upon the exercise of each Stock Acquisition Rights was set at ¥8,147 per share of common stock. The exercise price of each Stock Acquisition Rights was equal to or greater than the fair market value of TDK’s common stock on the date of grant. To cover these options TDK purchased on the TSE a total of 234,300 common shares with an aggregate purchase price of ¥1,656 million from August 9, 2004 through August 16, 2004.
     TDK obtained approval of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 27, 2003 regarding the issuance of stock acquisition rights as stock options, pursuant to Articles 280-20 and 280-21 of the Japanese Commercial Code. Upon approval, the Board of Directors adopted resolutions to issue an aggregate of 2,547 Stock Acquisition Rights, each representing a stock option to purchase 100 shares of common stock of TDK, to the then 179 Directors, Corporate Officers and select senior executives of TDK, and the Directors and select senior executives of its subsidiaries. The Stock Acquisition Rights issued on August 7, 2003 are exercisable during the period from August 1, 2005 to July 31, 2009. The amount to be paid by qualified persons upon the exercise of each Stock Acquisition Rights was set at ¥6,954 per share of common stock. The exercise price of each Stock Acquisition Rights was equal to or greater than the fair market value of TDK’s common stock on the date of grant. To cover these options TDK purchased on the TSE a total of 260,000 common shares with an aggregate purchase price of ¥1,847 million from August 8, 2003 through August 18, 2003.

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          TDK obtained approval of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 27, 2002 regarding the issuance of stock acquisition rights as stock options, pursuant to Articles 280-20 and 280-21 of the Japanese Commercial Code, as amended. Upon approval, the Board of Directors adopted resolutions to issue an aggregate of 2,236 Stock Acquisition Rights, each representing a stock option to purchase 100 shares of common stock of TDK, to the then 197 Directors, Corporate Officers and select senior executives of TDK, and the Directors and select senior executives of its subsidiaries. The Stock Acquisition Rights issued on August 9, 2002 are exercisable during the period from August 1, 2004 to July 31, 2008. The amount to be paid by qualified persons upon the exercise of each Stock Acquisition Rights was set at ¥5,909 per share of common stock. The exercise price of each Stock Acquisition Rights was equal to or greater than the fair market value of TDK’s common stock on the date of grant. To cover these options TDK purchased on the TSE a total of 223,600 common shares with an aggregate purchase price of ¥1,209 million from August 12, 2002 through August 19, 2002.
          The Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 28, 2001 approved the implementation of TDK’s stock option plan for Directors and certain employees of TDK, and the purchase of TDK’s own shares for transfer to them under the plan, pursuant to Article 210-2 of Japanese Commercial Code. Stock options were provided to the then 12 Directors on the Board and 184 associate directors and officials in amounts ranging from 500 to 10,000 common shares each, at an exercise price of ¥6,114 per share. The exercise price of each Stock Acquisition Right was equal to or greater than the fair market value of TDK’s common stock on the date of grant. To cover these options TDK purchased on the TSE a total of 158,000 common shares with an aggregate purchase price of ¥917 million from July 2, 2001 through July 23, 2001.
          The Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 29, 2000 approved the implementation of TDK’s stock option plan for Directors and certain employees of TDK, and the purchase of TDK’s own shares for transfer to them under the plan, pursuant to Article 210-2 of the Japanese Commercial Code. Stock options were provided to the then 13 Directors on the Board and 191 associate directors and officials in amounts ranging from 500 to 10,000 common shares each, at an exercise price of ¥15,640 per share. The exercise price of each Stock Acquisition Right was equal to or greater than the fair market value of TDK’s common stock on the date of grant. To cover these options TDK purchased on the TSE a total of 170,400 common shares with an aggregate purchase price of ¥2,665 million from July 3, 2000 through August 2, 2000.
Employees (excluding Directors and Corporate Officers) Shareholding Association
          As of March 31, 2006, the number of members of the TDK Employees Shareholding Association totaled 1,570. The Employees Shareholding Association accepts new memberships in March and September of every year. Members are entitled to purchase shares of TDK, the maximum amount being ¥50,000 a month. In addition, members have received a monthly subsidy equivalent to 5 percent of the purchase price of shares. The subsidy amounted to ¥18 million ($156 thousand) for fiscal 2006. The total amount of TDK shares having voting rights owned by the TDK Employees Shareholding Association was as follows:
                     
Title of class   Identity of person or group   Amount owned   Percent of class
Common stock
  TDK Employees Shareholding Association   486,210 shares     0.37 %

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Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transaction
     A. Major shareholders
          The table below lists the number of TDK shares held by holders of 5 percent or more of TDK shares and their percentage ownership as of March 31, 2006:
                 
    Shares owned    
Name of major shareholder   (in thousands)   Percentage
The Master Trust Bank of Japan, Ltd. (Trust account)
    14,660       11.00 %
Japan Trustee Services Bank, Ltd. (Trust account)
    11,176       8.39 %
          Major shareholders do not have voting rights different from other shareholders, subject to the limitation on exercise as set forth in “Item 10. B. Memorandum and Articles of Association – Common Stock – Voting rights.”
          At March 31, 2006, there were 1,411,860 registered ADRs outstanding and 359 registered holders, of which 1,411,341 ADRs were held by 212 registered U.S. holders.
          The Depositary of ADRs of TDK is Citibank N.A. of New York.
          TDK is not, directly or indirectly, owned or controlled by another corporation or by any foreign government.
     B. Related party transaction
          Since the beginning of TDK’s last full fiscal year, TDK has not transacted with, nor does TDK currently plan to transact with, a related party, except for transactions among TDK and its affiliates.
     C. Interests of experts and counsel
          Not applicable.

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Item 8. Financial Information
     A. Consolidated statements and other financial information
     Consolidated financial statements
          TDK’s audited financial statements are included under Item 17 “Financial Statements”. Except for TDK’s financial statements included under Item 17, no other information in this Annual Report has been audited by TDK’s independent auditors.
          Refer to Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (See Item 17).
     Export sales
          Finished goods and materials sent out of Japan are mainly bound for consolidated subsidiaries of TDK, and are not, therefore, recorded as exports on a consolidated basis. For this reason, the proportion of exports to total net sales is not significant.
     Legal proceedings
          There are no material pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business, to which TDK or any of its subsidiaries is a party or of which any of their property is the subject.
     Dividend policy
          Returning earnings to shareholders is one of TDK’s highest management priorities. Therefore, TDK’s fundamental policy is to give consideration to a consistent increase in dividends based on factors such as the return on equity (ROE), dividends as a percentage of equity (DOE) and TDK’s results of operations on a consolidated basis.
     B. Significant changes
          No significant change has occurred since the date of the annual consolidated financial statements.

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Item 9. The Offer and Listing
     A. Offer and listing details
          The primary market for TDK’s shares of common stock (Common Stock) is the Tokyo Stock Exchange (the “TSE”). The shares are traded on the First Section of that exchange and are also listed on the Osaka Securities Exchange in Japan. In addition, TDK’s shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), on the Euronext Brussels Stock Exchange in the form of Bearer Depositary Receipts, and on the London Stock Exchange in the form of shares of TDK.
          The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the reported high and low sales prices of TDK’s shares of common stock on the TSE (both in yen and translated into U.S. dollars per American Depositary Share) and the reported high and low bid prices for American Depositary Shares of which each represents one share of common stock, as reported by the New York Stock Exchange.
                                 
                    U.S. market
    Yen per share of   price per American
    Common stock (1)   Depositary Share (2)
    High   Low   High   Low
Annual highs and lows
                               
Year ended March 31, 2002
    8,670       4,800       69.00       40.00  
Year ended March 31, 2003
    7,380       4,060       57.00       32.95  
Year ended March 31, 2004
    8,350       3,810       77.86       32.40  
Year ended March 31, 2005
    8,630       6,790       80.10       61.40  
Year ended March 31, 2006
    10,230       7,250       85.40       62.50  
 
                               
Quarterly highs and lows
                               
Year ended March 31, 2005
                               
1st quarter
    8,630       7,130       80.10       64.50  
2nd quarter
    8,390       6,790       77.05       61.40  
3rd quarter
    7,910       7,160       74.85       67.80  
4th quarter
    7,880       7,050       75.93       68.40  
Year ended March 31, 2006
                               
1st quarter
    8,020       7,250       74.35       68.02  
2nd quarter
    8,740       7,480       79.25       67.05  
3rd quarter
    10,230       7,530       85.40       62.50  
4th quarter
    9,070       7,730       76.29       66.50  
Year ending March 31, 2007
                               
1st quarter
    10,000       7,990       89.00       69.89  
 
                               
Monthly highs and lows
                               
January 2006
    8,760       7,730       73.79       68.00  
February 2006
    8,600       7,750       72.81       66.50  
March 2006
    9,070       8,030       76.29       69.43  
April 2006
    9,760       8,960       84.13       76.22  
May 2006
    10,000       9,010       89.00       81.10  
June 2006
    9,400       7,990       84.16       69.89  
Notes:
 
(1)   As reported by the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
 
(2)   As reported by the New York Stock Exchange.

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     B. Plan of distribution
          Not applicable.
     C. Markets
          See Item 9.A. “Offer and listing details”.
     D. Selling shareholders
          Not applicable.
     E. Dilution
          Not applicable.
     F. Expenses of the issue
          Not applicable.

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Item 10. Additional Information
     A. Share capital
          Not applicable.
     B. Memorandum and articles of association
          The discussion below reflects the enactment of the Company Law, which became effective on May 1, 2006 and the latest amendments to TDK’s Articles of Incorporation, which reflects the enactment of the Company Law and was approved by the ordinary general shareholders meeting held on June 29, 2006. The Company Law integrated into a single code formerly effective legislation regarding companies, including Chapters 2, 3 and 4 of the Commercial Code, the Limited Liability Company (yugen kaisha) Law and the Law for Special Provisions for the Commercial Code concerning Audits, etc. of Joint Stock Corporations (kabushiki kaisha), all of which were now abolished. In addition, the Company Law significantly changed traditional concepts and systems under the formerly effective Commercial Code and other laws in many respects.
     Organization
          TDK is a joint stock corporation (kabushiki kaisha) incorporated in Japan under the Commercial Code (shoho) of Japan. It is registered in the Commercial Register (shogyo tokibo) maintained by the Tokyo Legal Affairs Bureau (Registration Number: 0199-01-034849).
     Objects and purposes
          Article 2 of the Articles of Incorporation of TDK provides that its purpose is to engage in the following lines of business:
Manufacture and sale of electric machinery and appliances;
Manufacture and sale of magnetic materials such as ferrite and magnet;
Manufacture and sale of electronic machinery and appliances such as automatic inserting machine for electronic components, automatic mounter for electronic components, and electronic measuring equipment and of components thereof;
Manufacture and sale of recording media such as magnetic tape, floppy disk and optical disk and of data writing, reading and storage equipment therefor;
Manufacture and sale of ceramic materials such as electricity inductive ceramics, piezoelectric ceramics, semiconductor ceramics and electricity insulating ceramics;
Manufacture and sale of circuit components such as coil and transformers;
Manufacture and sale of semiconductor;
Manufacture and sale of stabilizing power supplies (units to stabilize electric current or voltage);
Manufacture and sale of machinery and appliances for medical use and medical instruments and of components thereof;
Manufacture and sale of single crystal materials and each product applying the same;
Manufacture and sale of precious metals, precious stones, artificial precious stones and each product applying or utilizing the same;

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Manufacture and sale of outer wall materials of buildings and structures;
Designing and contracting of construction work;
Development, production, sale and grant of license of software;
Manufacture, sale and contracting of applied product, machinery and tools and equipment of each of the foregoing; and
Any and all businesses incidental or relating to each of the foregoing.
          With respect to directors, TDK’s Articles of Incorporation, bylaws and associated internal rules issued pursuant to the Articles provide in summary as follows:
  (a)   a director is not entitled to vote on a proposal or arrangement or contract in which the director is materially interested;
 
  (b)   the remuneration and retirement allowances for directors are determined at a general meeting of shareholders;
 
  (c)   the Board of Directors have authority to approve long-term borrowing of ¥10 billion or more by resolution passed at a duly convened meeting of the Board of Directors. The Representative Director is authorized by the Board of Directors to make final decisions with respect to long-term borrowings in an amount less than ¥10 billion and short-term borrowings (including issuance of commercial paper);
 
  (d)   there are no provisions requiring the mandatory retirement of directors at a specified age; and
 
  (e)   share ownership is not required in order to be eligible to serve as a director.
     Common Stock
     General
          Set forth below is information relating to TDK’s Common Stock, including brief summaries of the relevant provisions of TDK’s Articles of Incorporation and Share Handling Regulations, as currently in effect, and of the Company Law and related legislation.
          In order to assert shareholders’ rights against TDK, a shareholder must have its name and address registered on TDK’s register of shareholders, in accordance with TDK’s Share Handling Regulations. The registered beneficial holder of deposited shares underlying the ADSs is the Depositary for the ADSs. Accordingly, holders of ADSs will not be able directly to assert shareholders’ rights against TDK.
     Authorized capital
          Article 6 of the Articles of Incorporation of TDK provides that the total number of shares authorized to be issued by TDK is four hundred and eighty million (480,000,000) shares.
          As of March 31, 2006, 133,189,659 shares of Common Stock without having any par value were issued, including 922,831 shares of treasury stock.
          There is no concept of “par value” of shares of capital stock under the Company Law. Thus, all shares of capital stock of TDK have no par value.

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     Dividends
          The Articles of Incorporation of TDK provides that the accounts shall be closed on March 31 of each year and that year-end dividends, if any, shall be paid to shareholders, beneficial shareholders and pledgees of record as of the end of such day. Under the Company Law and the Articles of Incorporation of TDK, TDK may fix a record date and, subject to certain limitation on the distributable surplus, pay dividends on retained earnings, if any, to shareholders, beneficial shareholders and pledgees of record as of that date from time to time by a resolution of a general meeting of shareholders. In addition, the Board of Directors may by its resolution declare an interim dividend pursuant to Article 454 paragraph 5 of the Company Law and the Articles of Incorporation of TDK to shareholders, beneficial shareholders and pledgees of record as of the end of each September 30, without shareholders’ approval, but subject to the limitations described below. Dividends may be distributed in cash or in kind subject to certain conditions being met.
          Under the Company Law, TDK is permitted to make a distribution of surplus to the extent that the aggregate book value of the assets to be distributed to shareholders does not exceed the distributable amount provided for by the Company Law and the ordinance of the Ministry of Justice as at the effective date of such distributable surplus.
          The amount of surplus at any given time shall be the amount of TDK’s assets and the book value of TDK’s treasury stock after subtracting and adding the amounts of the items provided for by the Company Law and the ordinance of the Ministry of Justice.
          In Japan, the ex-dividend date and record date for dividends precede the date of determination of the amount of the dividend. The price of shares generally goes ex-dividend on the third business day prior to the record date.
     Stock splits
          Under the Company Law, the Board of Directors of TDK may at any time make stock splits by its resolution. Generally, upon stock splits, shareholders will not be required to exchange share certificates held by them for new share certificates. In respect of shares deposited with the Japan Securities Depository Center, Inc. (“JASDEC”), new shares resulting from the stock split will automatically be deposited with JASDEC, and shareholders who directly possess share certificates will receive additional certificates representing the additional shares resulting from the stock split. Before a stock split, TDK must give public notice of the stock split, specifying the record date for the stock split, not less than two weeks prior to the record date.
          Under the Company Law, the Board of Directors of TDK may increase the authorized share capital up to the number reflecting the rate of stock splits and amend the Articles of Incorporation of TDK without the approval of a shareholders’ meeting.
     Consolidation of shares
          TDK may at any time consolidate shares issued into a smaller number of shares by a special resolution of a general meeting of shareholders. When a consolidation of shares is to be made, TDK must give public notice or notice to each shareholder that, within a period of not less than one month specified in the notice, share certificates must be submitted to TDK for exchange. The Director of TDK must disclose the reason for the consolidation of shares at the general meeting of shareholders.

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     General meeting of shareholders
          The ordinary general meeting of shareholders of TDK for each fiscal year is normally held in June in each year in Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan (address of principal executive office) or any adjacent place thereto or in Ichikawa-shi, Chiba, Japan. In addition, TDK may hold an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders whenever necessary by giving notice of convocation thereof at least two weeks prior to the date set for the meeting.
          Notice of convocation of a shareholders’ meeting setting forth the place, time and purpose thereof, must be mailed to each shareholder having voting rights (or, in the case of a non-resident shareholder, to his or her standing proxy or mailing address in Japan) at least two weeks prior to the date set for the meeting. Under the Company Law, such notice may be given to shareholders by electronic means, subject to the consent by the relevant shareholders. The record date for an ordinary general meeting of shareholders is March 31 of each year.
          Any shareholder or group of shareholders holding at least 3 percent of the total number of voting rights for a period of six months or more may require the convocation of a general meeting of shareholders for a particular purpose. Unless such shareholders’ meeting is convened promptly or a convocation notice of a meeting which is to be held not later than eight weeks from the day of such demand is dispatched, the requiring shareholder may, upon obtaining a court approval, convene such shareholders’ meeting.
          Any shareholder or group of shareholders holding at least 300 voting rights or 1 percent of the total number of voting rights for a period of six months or more may propose a matter to be considered at a general meeting of shareholders by submitting a request to a Representative Director at least eight weeks prior to the date set for such meeting.
     Voting rights
          So long as TDK maintains the unit share system (see “Unit” share system, below) a holder of shares constituting one or more whole units is entitled to one voting right per unit of shares subject to the limitations on voting rights set forth in the following paragraph. Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Incorporation, a resolution can be adopted at a general meeting of shareholders by a majority of the number of voting rights of all the shareholders represented at the meeting. The Company Law and TDK’s Articles of Incorporation provide, however, that the quorum for the election of Directors and Corporate Auditors shall not be less than one-third of the total number of voting rights of the shareholders who can exercise voting rights. TDK’s shareholders are not entitled to cumulative voting in the election of Directors and Corporate Auditors. A company, partnership or other similar business enterprise that holds shares of TDK stock may not exercise its voting rights with respect to such TDK shares if TDK and its subsidiaries, either alone or together, hold shares or membership interests representing more than 25 percent of the voting power of such shareholder or has any relationship with such shareholder provided in the ordinance of the Ministry of Justice under which TDK may substantially control the management of such shareholder. Shareholders may exercise their voting rights through proxies, provided that the proxies are also shareholders holding voting rights. TDK’s shareholders also may cast their votes in writing. Shareholders may also exercise their voting rights by electronic means when TDK decides to permit such method of exercising voting rights.

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          The Company Law provides that in order to amend the Articles of Incorporation and in certain other instances, including a reduction of stated capital, the removal of a Corporate Auditor, dissolution, merger or consolidation with a certain exception under which shareholders’ resolution is not required, the transfer of the whole or an important part of the business, the taking over of the whole of the business of any other corporation with a certain exception under which shareholders resolution is not required, share exchange or share transfer for the purpose of establishing 100 percent parent-subsidiary relationships with a certain exception under which shareholders resolution is not required, splitting of the corporation into two or more corporations with a certain exception under which shareholders resolution is not required, or any offering of new shares at a “specially favorable” price (or any offering of stock acquisition rights to subscribe for or acquire shares of capital stock (“stock acquisition rights”) or bonds with stock acquisition rights at a “specially favorable” exercise conditions or price) to any persons other than shareholders, the quorum shall be one-third of the total voting rights of all the shareholders and the approval by at least two-thirds of the voting rights of all the shareholders represented at the meeting is required (the “special shareholders resolutions”).
     Issue of additional shares and pre-emptive rights
          Holders of TDK’s shares of Common Stock have no pre-emptive rights under its Articles of Incorporation. Authorized but unissued shares may be issued at such times and upon such terms as the Board of Directors determines, subject to the limitations as to the offering of new shares at a “specially favorable” price mentioned under “Voting rights” above. The Board of Directors may, however, determine that shareholders shall be given subscription rights regarding a particular issue or transfer of shares, in which case such rights must be given on uniform terms to all shareholders as at a record date of which not less than two weeks’ prior public notice must be given. Such subscription rights are nontransferable. However, a shareholder may be allotted stock acquisition rights without consideration thereto, and transfer such rights.
          Subject to certain requirements, TDK may issue stock acquisition rights by a resolution of the Board of Directors. Holders of stock acquisition rights may exercise their rights to acquire a certain number of shares within the exercise period as prescribed in the terms of their stock acquisition rights. Upon exercise of stock acquisition rights, TDK will be obliged to issue the relevant number of new shares or alternatively to transfer the necessary number of existing shares held by it (treasury stock).
     Liquidation rights
          In the event of a liquidation of TDK, the assets remaining after payment of all debts and liquidation expenses and taxes will be distributed among shareholders in proportion to the respective numbers of shares of common stock held.
     Record date
          March 31 is the record date for TDK’s year-end dividends. So long as TDK maintains in its Articles of Incorporation a provision for the unit of shares, the shareholders and beneficial shareholders who are registered as the holders of one unit of shares or more in TDK’s registers of shareholders and/or beneficial shareholders at the end of each March 31 are also entitled to exercise shareholders’ rights at the ordinary general meeting of shareholders with respect to the fiscal year ending on such March 31. September 30 is the record date for interim dividends. In addition, TDK may set a record date for determining the shareholders and/or beneficial shareholders entitled to other rights and for other purposes by giving at least two weeks’ prior public notice.
          The price of shares generally goes ex-dividends or ex-rights on Japanese stock exchanges on the third business day prior to a record date (or if the record date is not a business day, the fourth business day prior thereto), for the purpose of dividends or rights offerings.

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     Acquisition of TDK’s own shares
          TDK may acquire its own shares (i) by way of purchase on any Japanese stock exchange on which its shares are listed or by way of tender offer (pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors in accordance with the Articles of Incorporation of TDK), (ii) from a specific shareholder other than its subsidiary (pursuant to a special resolution of a general meeting of shareholders), or (iii) from its subsidiary (pursuant to a resolution of a meeting of the Board of Directors). In the case of (ii) above, any other shareholder may make a request directly to a representative director, five days prior to the relevant shareholder’s meeting, to include such other shareholder as the seller of shares in the proposed purchase. However, the acquisition of its own shares at a price not exceeding the then market price provided under the ordinance of the Ministry of Justice will not trigger the right of any shareholder to include him/her as the seller of his shares in such proposed acquisition.
          Any such acquisition of TDK’s shares must satisfy certain requirements, including that the total amount of the purchase price may not exceed the amount of the distributable dividends. (See Dividends above)
          Shares acquired by TDK may be held by it for any period or may be cancelled by resolution of the Board of Directors. TDK may also transfer to any person the shares held by it, subject to a resolution of the Board of Directors, and subject also to other requirements those applicable to the issuance of new shares including the limitation as to the offering of new shares at a “specially favorable” price mentioned in “Voting Rights” above. TDK may also utilize its treasury shares for the purpose of transfer to any person upon exercise of stock acquisition rights or for the purpose of acquiring another company by merger, share exchange or corporate split through exchange of treasury shares for shares or assets of the acquired company.
          The Company Law generally prohibits any subsidiary of TDK from acquiring shares of TDK.
     “Unit” share system
          Pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation of TDK, 100 shares of TDK constitute one unit. Although the number of shares constituting a new unit is included in the Articles of Incorporation, any amendment to the Articles of Incorporation reducing (but not increasing) the number of shares constituting a unit or eliminating the provisions for the unit of shares may be made by the resolution of the Board of Directors rather than by the special shareholders resolution, which is otherwise required for amending the Articles of Incorporation. The number of shares constituting one new unit, however, cannot exceed 1,000.
     —Voting rights under the unit share system
          Under the unit share system, shareholders shall have one voting right for each unit of shares that they hold. Any number of shares less than a full unit will carry no voting rights.
     —Share certificates for less than a unit
          Unless TDK’s Board of Directors adopts a resolution to eliminate the provision for the unit shares from the Articles of Incorporation or the shareholders amend the Articles of Incorporation by a special shareholders resolution to eliminate the provision not to issue share certificates for less than a unit of shares, a share certificate for any number of shares less than a unit will in general not be issued. As the transfer of shares normally requires the delivery of the share certificates therefor, any fraction of a unit for which no share certificates are issued is not transferable.

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     —Repurchase or sale by TDK of shares constituting less than a unit
          A holder of shares constituting less than one unit may require TDK to purchase such shares, or sell such number of shares which, if combined with the shares already held by such holder, would constitute one unit of shares, at their market value in accordance with the provisions of the Share Handling Regulations of TDK.
     —Effect of the unit share system on holders of ADRs
          A holder who owns ADRs evidencing less than 100 ADSs will indirectly own less than a whole unit of shares of Common Stock. Although, as discussed above, under the unit share system holders of less than a unit have the right to require TDK to purchase their shares, holders of ADRs evidencing ADSs that represent other than integral multiples of whole units are unable to withdraw the underlying shares of Common Stock representing less than a unit and, therefore, are unable, as a practical matter, to exercise the rights to require TDK to purchase such underlying shares unless TDK’s Articles of Incorporation are amended to eliminate the provision not to issue share certificates for the numbers of shares less than a unit. As a result, access to the Japanese markets by holders of ADRs through the withdrawal mechanism will not be available for dispositions of shares of Common Stock in lots less than a unit. The unit share system does not affect the transferability of ADSs, which may be transferred in lots of any size.
     Reporting of substantial shareholdings
          The Securities and Exchange Law of Japan and regulations thereunder require any person who has become, beneficially and solely or jointly, a holder of more than 5 percent of the total issued shares of capital stock of a company listed on any Japanese stock exchange to file with the Director-General of a competent Local Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Finance within five business days a report concerning such shareholdings.
          A similar report must also be filed in respect of any subsequent change of 1 percent or more in any such holding or any change in material matters set out in reports previously filed, with certain exceptions. For this purpose, shares issuable to such person upon conversion of convertible securities or exercise of share subscription warrants or stock acquisition rights are taken into account in determining both the number of shares held by such holder and the issuer’s total issued share capital. Copies of such report must also be furnished to the issuer of such shares and all Japanese stock exchanges on which the shares are listed.
          Except for the general limitation under Japanese anti-trust and anti-monopoly regulations against holding of shares of capital stock of a Japanese corporation which leads or may lead to a restraint of trade or monopoly, and except for general limitations under the Company Law or TDK’s Articles of Incorporation on the rights of shareholders applicable regardless of residence or nationality, there is no limitation under Japanese laws and regulations applicable to TDK or under its Articles of Incorporation on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold the shares of Common Stock of TDK or exercise voting rights thereon.
          There is no provision in TDK’s Articles of Incorporation that would have an effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of TDK and that would operate only with respect to merger, consolidation, acquisition or corporate restructuring involving TDK.
     C. Material contracts
          All contracts entered into by TDK during the two years prior to the date of this annual report were entered into in the ordinary course of business.

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     D. Exchange controls
          Japanese Foreign Exchange Regulations
          The Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law of Japan, frequently referred to as the Foreign Exchange Law, and the cabinet orders and ministerial ordinances thereunder govern the issuance of shares by companies and the acquisition and holding of shares by “exchange non-residents” and “foreign investors” under the Foreign Exchange Law.
          Exchange non-residents are:
    individuals who do not reside in Japan; and
 
    corporations whose principal offices are not located in Japan.
          Generally, branches and other offices located within Japan of non-resident corporations are regarded as exchange residents of Japan and branches and other offices of Japanese corporations located outside Japan are regarded as exchange non-residents of Japan.
          Foreign investors are:
    individuals who do not reside in Japan;
 
    corporations which are organized under the laws of foreign countries or whose principal offices are located outside Japan; and
 
    corporations in which more than 50 percent of the shares are held by individuals who do not reside in Japan and/or corporations which are organized under the laws of foreign countries or whose principal offices are located outside Japan or a majority of the officers (or officers having the power of representation) are persons who do not reside in Japan.
Any individuals or corporations that do not correspond to any of the above may be regarded as a foreign investor when they acquire or hold shares on behalf of foreign investor.
          Due to the amendments to the Foreign Exchange Law effective on April 1, 1998, all aspects of foreign exchange and foreign trade transactions that were previously subject to licensing or other prior notifications or approvals, with minor exceptions, were changed to require only post-transaction reporting. However, the Minister of Finance of Japan will have the power to impose licensing requirements for transactions in limited circumstances.
Potential Consequences Resulting from an Acquisition of Listed Shares
          In the event that a foreign investor acquires shares of a Japanese company listed on a Japanese stock exchange (“listed shares”) and if the foreign investor’s direct and indirect total holdings are 10 percent or more of the issued shares of the company after the acquisition, the foreign investor must file a report of the acquisition with the Minister of Finance and any other competent Minister within 15 days from and including the date of such acquisition. However, in certain limited circumstances (including the case where the acquisition of the shares reaches 10 percent), a prior notification of such an acquisition must be filed with the Minister of Finance and any other competent Minister, who may then modify or prohibit the proposed acquisition. The acquisition of shares by exchange non-residents as a result of stock splits is not subject to any of the foregoing requirements.
Potential Consequences Resulting from Dividends and Proceeds of Sales
          Under the current Foreign Exchange Law, dividends paid on, and the proceeds of sales in Japan of, shares held by exchange non-residents may, in general, be converted into foreign currency and repatriated abroad.

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Potential Consequences Resulting from the Sale of Securities to Exchange Non-Resident
          A Japanese resident is required to file a report with the Minister of Finance concerning the transfer of securities for value exceeding ¥100 million to an exchange non-resident within 20 days of the date of the transfer. If an exchange resident issues or offers its securities for value of ¥1 billion or more outside Japan, the exchange resident must file a report of the issuance or offering of securities with the Minister of Finance within 20 days of the date of the closing.
American Depositary Shares
          The deposit of shares of Common Stock by a non-resident of Japan, the issuance of ADRs in exchange therefor and the withdrawal of the underlying shares of Common Stock upon surrender of ADRs are not subject to any formalities or restrictions referred to under “Potential Consequences Resulting from an Acquisition of Listed Shares” above, except where, as a result of such deposit or withdrawal, the aggregate number of shares held by the depositary (or its nominee) or the holder surrendering ADRs, as the case may be, would be 10 percent or more of the total outstanding shares of Common Stock, in which event the reporting to the Minister of Finance of Japan may be required as outlined in the second sentence under the same heading.
     E. Taxation
     Dividends, Stock Splits and Repurchase
          Generally, a non-resident of Japan or a non-Japanese corporation is subject to Japanese withholding tax on dividends paid by Japanese corporations. Stock splits are not subject to Japanese income tax.
          The rate of Japanese withholding tax applicable to dividends on TDK’s shares paid by TDK to non-resident shareholders is 7 percent for dividends paid on or before March 31, 2008 and 15 percent thereafter, except for any individual shareholder who holds 5 percent or more of the issued shares, for whom the applicable rate is 20 percent.
          Japan has income tax treaties, conventions or agreements which generally provide that the withholding tax rate may not exceed 15 percent for portfolio investors with, among others, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. In case of the Japan-U.S. tax treaty, however, as a result of a recent amendment, the maximum withholding tax rate has been reduced, generally to 10 percent for portfolio investors effective from July 1, 2004. Under Japanese tax law, the maximum rate applicable under the tax treaties, conventions or agreements shall be applicable except when such maximum rate is more than the Japanese statutory rate.
          TDK, as a Japanese corporation, may be obligated to withhold a certain amount from any payments by TDK to its shareholder that is a non-resident of Japan or a non-Japanese corporation. Specifically, according to Articles 212-1 and 212-2 of the Income Tax Law of Japan, TDK has the obligation to withhold the amount determined by the applicable tax rate from its dividends to such of its shareholders.
     Acquisition or Disposal of Shares or ADRs
          Gains derived by a non-resident of Japan or a non-Japanese corporation from the sale outside Japan of Shares or ADRs, or from the sale of Shares or ADRs within Japan by a non-resident of Japan or a non-Japanese corporation not having a permanent establishment in Japan are in general not subject to Japanese income tax.

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          Japanese inheritance and gift taxes at progressive rates may be payable by an individual who has acquired Shares or ADRs as a legatee, heir or donee.
     F. Dividends and paying agents
          Not applicable.
     G. Statements by experts
          Not applicable.
     H. Documents on display
          According to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, TDK is subject to the requirements of informational disclosure. TDK files various reports and other information, including Form 20-F and Annual Reports, with the Securities Exchange Commission and the New York Stock Exchange. These reports may be inspected at the following sites.
Securities Exchange Commission:
    100 F Street, NE, Washington D.C. 20549
New York Stock Exchange:
    20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005
          Form 20-F is also available at the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, Retrieval system (EDGAR) website maintained by the Securities Exchange Commission.
Securities Exchange Commission Home Page:
    http://www.sec.gov
     I. Subsidiary information
          Not applicable.

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Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
     Market risk exposure
          TDK is subject to market risk associated with changes in stock prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. Foreign exchange risk is considered as the primary market risk exposure. TDK has a policy for the procedures and controls to manage market risk sensitive instruments. In order to hedge interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk, TDK uses derivative financial instruments. TDK does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.
     Foreign exchange and interest rate risk
          Forward exchange contracts and currency swap contracts have been entered into to hedge adverse effects of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations mainly on foreign-currency-denominated trade receivables and foreign-currency-denominated forecasted transactions.
          At March 31, 2006 and 2005, TDK and certain of its subsidiaries had forward exchange contracts to sell and buy foreign currencies (principally U.S. dollars and Japanese Yen) and currency option contracts for a contract amount of ¥17,726 million ($151,504 thousand) and ¥28,990 million, respectively.
          TDK and one of its subsidiaries had currency swaps and interest rate and currency swaps with certain financial institutions to limit their exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and interest rates involved mainly with loans made by TDK to its subsidiaries in a total amount of ¥11,067 million at March 31, 2005. These swaps require TDK and the subsidiary to pay principally euros and U.S. dollars and to receive Japanese yen at a specified rate on specific dates.
          The following table provides information about TDK’s derivative instruments related to foreign exchange risk as of March 31, 2006 and 2005.
                                                 
    2006     2005  
    (millions of yen)     Average     (millions of yen)     Average  
    Contract     Fair     contractual     Contract     Fair     contractual  
    amounts     value     rate     amounts     value     rate  
     
Forward exchange contracts
                                               
To sell Euro / receive Yen
  ¥ 5,669     ¥ (4 )     141.73     ¥     ¥        
To sell USD / receive Yen
    1,183       12       118.30       4,295       (88 )     105.00  
To sell CHF / receive Euro
                      54             1.54  
                         
Total
  ¥ 6,852     ¥ 8             ¥ 4,349     ¥ (88 )        
                         
                                                 
    (millions of yen)     Average     (millions of yen)     Average  
    Contract     Fair     contractual     Contract     Fair     contractual  
    amounts     value     rate     amounts     value     rate  
     
Currency option contracts
                                               
To sell USD / receive USD
  ¥ 4,675     ¥ (27 )     116.88     ¥ 23,803     ¥ (354 )     105.10  
To sell USD / receive Yen
    5,359       23       118.00                    
To sell Euro / receive Euro
    840       (4 )     141.30       838       (12 )     39.07  
                         
Total
  ¥ 10,874     ¥ (8 )           ¥ 24,641     ¥ (366 )        
                         
                                                 
    (millions of yen)     Average     (millions of yen)     Average  
    Contract     Fair     contractual     Contract     Fair     contractual  
    amounts     value     rate     amounts     value     rate  
     
Currency and interest rate swaps contracts
                                               
To receive Euro / pay GBP
  ¥     ¥           ¥ 2,041     ¥ (10 )     0.69  
To receive Yen / pay Euro
                      9,026       (302 )     134.75  
                         
Total
  ¥     ¥             ¥ 11,067     ¥ (312 )        
                         

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          TDK’s exposure to market risk related to changes in interest rates relates primarily to its debt securities. TDK has debt securities with fixed rates. TDK, to the extent possible, plans to limit debt securities to short-term debt securities. TDK believes that the fair values of interest rate sensitive instruments as of March 31, 2006 and 2005, and potential, near-term losses affecting future earnings, fair values, and/or cash flows from reasonable near-term changes in interest rates are immaterial.
     Stock price risk
          TDK’s exposure to market risk involving changes in stock prices relates only to its equity securities categorized as available-for-sale securities. TDK purchases equity securities for the purpose of acquiring technological information and as part of its sales strategy, and not as a means of investing surplus funds. The aggregate cost and fair value of these equity securities were ¥9.2 billion ($79 million) and ¥12.1 billion ($103 million) as of March 31, 2006, and ¥6.0 billion and ¥7.0 billion as of March 31, 2005, respectively. As of March 31, 2006, these securities mainly represented investments in companies in the transportation, communications and electronic equipment industries, and the cost and fair value of these equity securities were ¥8.8 billion ($75 million) and ¥11.1 billion ($95 million), respectively. As of March 31, 2005, these securities mainly represented investments in companies in the transportation, communications and electronic equipment industries, and the cost and fair value of the equity securities were ¥5.6 billion and ¥6.5 billion, respectively.
          TDK’s portfolio of equity securities, including available-for-sale securities, at March 31, 2006 and 2005, is as follows:
                                                         
2006     2005  
Yen (Millions)     Yen (Millions)  
    Gross     Gross                     Gross     Gross        
    unrealized     unrealized                     unrealized     unrealized        
    holding     holding                     holding     holding        
Cost   gains     losses     Fair value     Cost     gains     losses     Fair value  
     
¥     9,246
    2,859       2       12,103       5,951       1,054             7,005  
     
Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
     A. Debt securities
          Not applicable.
     B. Warrants and rights
          Not applicable.
     C. Other securities
          Not applicable.
     D. American depositary shares
          Not applicable.

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PART 2
Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
          None.
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
          None.
Item 15. Controls and Procedures
     (a) Disclosure controls and procedures
          TDK’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of its “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of March 31, 2006 (the “Evaluation Date”), the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, TDK’s disclosure controls and procedures were adequate and effective and designed to ensure that material information relating to TDK and its consolidated subsidiaries is made known to the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer by others within TDK and its consolidated subsidiaries.
     (b) Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting
          This requirement was “intentionally omitted pursuant to SEC Release No. 33-8345 dated March 2, 2005” and SEC Release No. 33-8618 dated September 22, 2005.
     (c) Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm
          This requirement was “intentionally omitted pursuant to SEC Release No. 33-8345 dated March 2, 2005” and SEC Release No. 33-8618 dated September 22, 2005.
     (d) Changes in internal control over financial reporting
          There were no changes in TDK’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Annual Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
          The registrant, a foreign private issuer, has at least one “audit committee financial expert” serving on its audit committee. TDK’s board of auditors has determined that Ryoichi Ohno qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules of SEC. Mr. Ohno is an outside corporate auditor within the meaning of the Special Audit Law. See Significant differences in corporate governance practices between TDK and U.S. listed companies on the New York Stock Exchange in Item 6.C. “Board practices”. Mr. Ohno was registered as a U.S. Certified Public Accountant in 1988 and elected as one of TDK’s corporate auditors at an Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held in June 2004. See Item 6.A. for additional information regarding Mr. Ohno.

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Item 16B. Code of Ethics
          TDK has established a code of business ethics (“TDK Code of Ethics”) that applies to TDK’s corporate officers and all TDK employees and is actively promoting ethical business practices on a worldwide basis. TDK amended the TDK Code of Ethics as of May 25, 2005 to revise the section pertaining to the civil rights of its employees and to add a new section regarding employment conditions. Both sections apply to TDK’s corporate officers and all TDK employees. Please see Sections 2.2.3 and 2.2.4 of the TDK Code of Ethics. The TDK Business Ethics & CSR Committee (formerly named “TDK Business Ethics Committee”) has been charged with the oversight of the ethics program at TDK. It has built a global ethics framework which encompasses domestic and overseas consolidated subsidiaries. Built into the framework is a direct communication means called the “helpline” for employees to report matters relating to business ethics issues and offer suggestions. The TDK Code of Ethics is attached as Exhibit 11.1 to this annual report. TDK has not granted a waiver or implicit waiver from any provision of the TDK Code of Ethics in the most recent fiscal year.
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
          The following table discloses the aggregate fees accrued or paid to KPMG AZSA & Co. and KPMG International member firms for each of the last two fiscal years and briefly describes the services performed:
                 
            (Yen in millions)
    Years ended March 31
    2006   2005
     
Audit fees
    609       323  
Audit-related fees
    131       36  
Tax fees
    279       211  
All other fees
    0       5  
 
Total
    1,019       575  
 
          Audit fees consist of fees for “Audit Services”. “Audit Services” are professional services rendered by the Principal Auditor for the audit of TDK’s annual financial statements and services that are normally provided by the Principal Auditor in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements: (i) Services associated with statutory audits; and (ii) Services associated with U.S. SEC registration statements or other periodic filings.
          Audit-related fees consist of fees for “Audit-Related Services”. “Audit-Related Services” are professional services relating to the Audit Services: (i) Audits of employee benefit plans; (ii) Sarbanes-Oxley Act related assistance; and (iii) Financial due diligence.
          Tax fees consist of fees for “Tax Services”: (i) Federal and local tax compliance; (ii) Review of federal, local and international income, franchise, and other tax returns; (iii) Transfer pricing documentation assistance; and (iv) Domestic and foreign indirect taxes.
     Audit and Non-Audit Services Pre-Approval Policy
          Subject to the confirmation as stipulated below, no pre-approval of the Board of Directors, in the context of the United States Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbox Act”) or the U.S. SEC rules, is required for any non-audit services rendered by any Non-Outside Auditor. Any contracts involving such services shall be processed in the usual manner in accordance with the applicable laws, in-house rules or any other regulations.

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Any person who wishes to retain a Non-Outside Auditor for non-audit services (“Retainer”) is not allowed to do so unless both of the following conditions are met:
  (i)   The Retainer has received a letter of confirmation from such public accounting firm that the public accounting firm is neither the Outside Auditor nor a person associated with the Outside Auditor; and
 
  (ii)   The Retainer has confirmed that such public accounting firm does not appear on the list of persons associated with the Outside Auditor, which is contained in the database system (“Pre-Approval Database”) within the TDK intranet system.
          The foregoing letter of confirmation shall be regularly renewed at least once every 12 months and the manager of the Pre-Approval Database described in that Database shall update the list of associated persons to reflect changes or modifications as reported by the Outside Auditor.
          The types of services generally described in above explanation for audit fees, audit-related fees and tax fees shall be pre-approved by the Board of Directors. Those services described are provided for the sake of establishing general criteria as to the types of services requiring pre-approval. The Board of Directors shall evaluate and determine whether or not to pre-approve each application for such services.
          TDK is prohibited from causing the Outside Auditor to provide, and the Outside Auditor is prohibited from rendering such services generally described as follows: (i) Bookkeeping or other services related to the accounting records or financial statements of the audit client; (ii) Financial information systems design and implementation; (iii) Appraisal or valuation services, fairness opinions or contribution-in-kind reports; (iv) Actuarial services; (v) Internal audit outsourcing services; (vi) Management functions or human resources; (vii) Broker or dealer, investment adviser or investment banking services; (viii) Legal services and expert services unrelated to the audit; and (ix) Any other service that the Board of Directors determines, by regulation, is impermissible. When such an application is received, the Board of Directors must not pre-approve the application.
          In accordance with the Sarbox Act and related SEC Rules, audit or non-audit services which do not fit in with any of the types generally described in above explanation for audit fees, audit-related fees and tax fees may have to be pre-approved by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors shall evaluate and determine whether or not to pre-approve each application for such services.
TDK may engage the Outside Auditor to render an audit or non-audit service pursuant to this policy without obtaining individual pre-approval by the Board of Directors, provided that all of the following conditions are met:
  (i)   the service to be rendered shall fall under any of the types listed in above explanation for audit fees, audit-related fees and tax fees;
 
  (ii)   the engagement to render the service shall commence within one year from the time when the Board of Directors adopts this Policy;
 
  (iii)   the fee for the service to be rendered shall be less than 20,000,000 yen (“Individual Fee Limit”); and
 
  (iv)   the total amount of fees payable to the Outside Auditor by TDK on account of non-audit services with respect to any fiscal year shall not exceed the total amount of audit fees payable to the Outside Auditor by TDK with respect to such year (“Overall Fee Limit”).

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          The Appointed Director must confirm whether an audit or non-audit service to be rendered by the Outside Auditor meets the foregoing conditions. The Appointed Director also shall report to the Board of Directors all audit and non-audit services in which the Outside Auditor is engaged in accordance with this Section. The Board of Directors must appoint a director as the Appointed Director and after the appointment the Appointed Director must be listed in the Pre-Approval Database.
          Any divisions or departments of TDK, which contemplate or attempt to receive audit or non-audit services from an Outside Auditor or Non-Outside Auditor, shall report its intention and submit designated information, using the Pre-Approval Database.
          The Appointed Director must evaluate such audit or non-audit services to be rendered either by the Outside Auditor or Non-Outside Auditor reported electronically through the Pre-Approval Database and must confirm whether any given reported services requires pre-approval by the Board of Directors. The Appointed Director shall request pre-approval to the Board of Directors if pre-approval by the Board of Directors is required.
          In making determination, the Board of Directors is required to consider the following:
  (i)   Whether the Outside Auditor cannot function in the role of management;
 
  (ii)   Whether the Outside Auditor cannot audit its own work; and
 
  (iii)   Whether the Outside Auditor cannot serve in an advocacy role for its client.
          The Board of Directors must not pre-approve, in the absence of strong countervailing considerations, non-audit services proposed to be performed by the Outside Auditor if the total amount of fees payable to the Outside Auditor by TDK on account of non-audit services with respect to any fiscal year exceeds the total amount of audit fees payable to the Outside Auditor by TDK with respect to such year.
Item 16D. Exemptions from Listing Standards for Audit Committees
          TDK is relying on the general exemption contained in Rule 10A-3(c)(3) under the Exchange Act. Because of such reliance, TDK does not have an audit committee which can act independently and satisfy the other requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act.
          According to Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and NYSE listing standards, TDK’s Board of Corporate Auditors acts in place of an audit committee. The Board of Corporate Auditors meets the following requirements of the general exemption contained in Rule 10A-3(c)(3):
    the Board of Corporate Auditors is established pursuant to the Company Law;
 
    as required by the Company Law, the Board of Corporate Auditors is separate from the Board of Directors;
 
    the Board of Corporate Auditors is not elected by the management of TDK and no executive officer of TDK is a member of the Board of Corporate Auditors;
 
    the Company Law provides for the standards for independence of the Board of Corporate Auditors from the management of TDK;
 
    in accordance with the Company Law, the Board of Corporate Auditors of TDK is responsible, to the extent permitted by law, for the appointment, retention and supervision of the work of a registered public accounting firm engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit, review or attest services for TDK; and

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    Under the Company Law, the establishment of the procedures for the receipt, retention, and treatment of complaints and the confidential, anonymous submission by employees is a responsibility of the board of directors, not the corporate auditors or the board of corporate auditors, and thus, the Board of Directors of TDK has established such procedures. In addition, each Corporate Auditor of TDK has the authority to engage independent counsel and other advisers if such engagement is necessary to carry out his/her duties. Furthermore, each Corporate Auditor may require TDK to pay any and all expenses necessary for carrying out his/her duties, including compensation of any advisers employed by him/her and ordinary administrative expenses.
          TDK’s reliance on Rule 10A-3(c)(3) does not, in its opinion, materially adversely affect the ability of its Board of Corporate Auditors to act independently and to satisfy the other requirements of Rule 10A-3.
Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
          The following table sets forth certain information with respect to TDK’s purchases of our own shares during the year ended March 31, 2006.
                                 
                    (c) Total        
                    Number of     (d) Maximum  
                    Shares     Number of  
                    Purchased as     Shares that May  
    (a) Total     (b) Average     Part of Publicly     Yet Be  
    Number     Price Paid     Announced     Purchased Under  
    of Shares     per Share     Plans or     the Plans or  
Period   Purchased     (Yen)     Programs     Programs  
 
April 1 to April 30, 2005
    194       7,497.89              
May 1 to May 31, 2005
    146       7,551.51              
June 1 to June 30, 2005
    216       7,824.31              
July 1 to July 31, 2005
    242       7,727.31              
August 1 to August 31, 2005
    555       8,049.78       115,200        
September 1 to September 30, 2005
    296       8,382.84              
October 1 to October 31, 2005
    273       8,055.71              
November 1 to November 30, 2005
    165       8,401.52              
December 1 to December 31, 2005
    625       9,542.42              
January 1 to January 31, 2006
                       
February 1 to February 28, 2006
    246       8,234.43              
March 1 to March 31, 2006
    108       8,711.30              
     
Total
    3,066       8,343.80              
     
Note:   Under the Company Law, a holder of shares constituting less than one full unit may request TDK to purchase such shares at their market value (See Item 10. Additional Information “Common Stock” “Unit” share system). All purchases described in the above table were made pursuant to such requests by shareholders excluding the reserve for stock option plans of the amount of 115,200 shares in August 2005.

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PART 3
Item 17. Financial Statements
Index of Consolidated Financial Statements of TDK Corporation and subsidiaries:
         
    Page  
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
    89  
 
       
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
    90  
 
       
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2006 and 2005
    91  
 
       
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
    93  
 
       
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
    94  
 
       
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
    95  
 
       
Schedule for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:
       
 
       
Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
    133  
          Schedules other than those listed above have been omitted as they are not applicable or the information is presented in the consolidated financial statements and related notes.
          Financial statements of 50 percent or less owned persons accounted for by the equity method have been omitted as, in the aggregate, they do not meet the tests of a significant subsidiary at a 20 percent level as of or for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
TDK Corporation:
     We have audited the consolidated financial statements of TDK Corporation and subsidiaries as listed in the accompanying index. In connection with our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we also have audited the financial statement schedule as listed in the accompanying index. These consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.
     We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
     The Company declined to present segment information for each of the years in the three-year period ended March 31, 2006. In our opinion, disclosures of segment and related information about the different types of business activities in which the company engages and the different economic environments in which it operates is required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The omission of segment information results in an incomplete presentation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
     In our opinion, except for the omission of the segment information as discussed in the preceding paragraph, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of TDK Corporation and subsidiaries as of March 31, 2006 and 2005, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended March 31, 2006, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
     The accompanying consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended March 31, 2006, have been translated into United States dollars solely for the convenience of the reader. We have audited the translation and, in our opinion, the consolidated financial statements expressed in yen have been translated into United States dollars on the basis set forth in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.
/s/ KPMG AZSA & Co.
Tokyo, Japan
May 23, 2006

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Consolidated statements of income
For the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
                                 
                            U.S. Dollars
            Yen           (Thousands)
            (Millions)           (Note 2)
    2006   2005   2004   2006
 
Net sales (Notes 20 and 24)
  ¥ 795,180       657,853       655,792     $ 6,796,410  
Cost of sales (Note 24)
    585,780       484,323       476,407       5,006,666  
     
Gross profit
    209,400       173,530       179,385       1,789,744  
Selling, general and administrative expenses (Note 24)
    142,052       119,886       122,875       1,214,120  
Transfer to the government of the substitutional portion of Employees’ Pension Fund (Note 8):
                               
Subsidy from the government
          (33,533 )            
Loss on settlement
          27,347              
Restructuring cost (Note 16)
    6,825                   58,333  
     
Operating income
    60,523       59,830       56,510       517,291  
Other income (deductions):
                               
Interest and dividend income
    3,605       1,692       1,189       30,812  
Interest expense
    (149 )     (967 )     (323 )     (1,274 )
Equity in earnings of affiliates
    1,368       1,765       1,639       11,692  
Gain (loss) on securities, net (Note 4)
    (286 )     (142 )     (1,093 )     (2,444 )
Foreign exchange gain (loss)
    948       (856 )     (3,064 )     8,103  
Other — net
    94       (594 )     989       803  
     
 
    5,580       898       (663 )     47,692  
     
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
    66,103       60,728       55,847       564,983  
Income taxes (Note 7)
    21,057       23,284       12,133       179,974  
     
Income from continuing operations before minority interests
    45,046       37,444       43,714       385,009  
Minority interests, net of tax
    635       479       359       5,428  
     
Income from continuing operations
    44,411       36,965       43,355       379,581  
Discontinued operations (Note 21):
                               
Loss from operations of discontinued business (including loss on disposal of ¥224 million in 2006)
    310       3,509       244       2,649  
Income tax expense
          156       1,010        
     
Loss from discontinued operations
    310       3,665       1,254       2,649  
     
Net income
  ¥ 44,101       33,300       42,101     $ 376,932  
     
                                 
    Yen (except number of   U.S. Dollars
    common shares outstanding)   (Note 2)
     
Amounts per share:
                               
Income from continuing operations per share (Note 19):
                               
Basic
  ¥ 335.84       279.41       327.27     $ 2.87  
Diluted
    335.54       279.25       327.15       2.87  
Loss from discontinued operations per share (Note 19):
                               
Basic
  ¥ (2.34 )     (27.70 )     (9.47 )   $ (0.02 )
Diluted
    (2.34 )     (27.69 )     (9.46 )     (0.02 )
Net income per share (Note 19):
                               
Basic
  ¥ 333.50       251.71       317.80     $ 2.85  
Diluted
    333.20       251.56       317.69       2.85  
Weighted average basic common shares outstanding (in thousands) (Note 19)
    132,239       132,293       132,475          
                               
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding (in thousands) (Note 19)
    132,355       132,376       132,523          
Cash dividends paid during the year (Note 9)
  ¥ 80.00       60.00       50.00     $ 0.68  
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Consolidated balance sheets
As of March 31, 2006 and 2005
                         
                    U.S. Dollars
          Yen       (Thousands)
          (Millions)       (Note 2)
    2006   2005   2006
 
ASSETS
                       
Current assets:
                       
Cash and cash equivalents
  ¥ 239,017       251,508     $ 2,042,880  
Marketable securities (Note 4)
    56       1,609       479  
Trade receivables (Note 20):
                       
Notes
    7,899       6,133       67,513  
Accounts (Note 24)
    185,224       144,426       1,583,111  
Allowance for doubtful receivables
    (4,064 )     (2,560 )     (34,735 )
     
Net trade receivables
    189,059       147,999       1,615,889  
     
Inventories (Note 5)
    88,968       74,924       760,410  
Income tax receivables (Note 7)
    265       204       2,265  
Assets held for sale (Note 17)
    4,110       993       35,128  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (Notes 7 and 24)
    45,278       33,366       386,992  
     
Total current assets
    566,753       510,603       4,844,043  
     
 
                       
Investments in securities (Note 4)
    28,757       22,698       245,786  
 
                       
Property, plant and equipment, at cost:
                       
Land
    21,790       20,097       186,239  
Buildings
    187,810       181,581       1,605,214  
Machinery and equipment
    482,398       445,636       4,123,060  
Construction in progress
    12,687       15,206       108,436  
     
 
    704,685       662,520       6,022,949  
Less accumulated depreciation
    (461,020 )     (445,551 )     (3,940,342 )
     
Net property, plant and equipment
    243,665       216,969       2,082,607  
     
 
                       
Goodwill (Note 18)
    19,453       9,210       166,265  
Intangible assets (Note 18)
    29,478       13,247       251,949  
Deferred income taxes (Note 7)
    7,287       8,633       62,282  
Other assets (Notes 8 and 12)
    28,110       26,641       240,256  
     
 
  ¥ 923,503       808,001     $ 7,893,188  
     
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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                    U.S. Dollars
        Yen       (Thousands)
        (Millions)       (Note 2)
    2006   2005   2006
 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                       
Current liabilities:
                       
Short-term debt (Note 6)
  ¥ 4,469           $ 38,197  
Current installments of long-term debt (Note 6)
    1,958       103       16,735  
Trade payables:
                       
Notes
    4,353       638       37,205  
Accounts (Note 24)
    80,336       61,454       686,632  
Accrued salaries and wages
    19,010       12,915       162,479  
Accrued expenses (Notes 16 and 24)
    43,524       31,065       372,000  
Income taxes payables (Note 7)
    9,155       19,283       78,248  
Liabilities held for sale (Note 17)
          92        
Other current liabilities (Note 7)
    6,817       5,307       58,265  
     
Total current liabilities
    169,622       130,857       1,449,761  
     
 
                       
Long-term debt, excluding current installments (Note 6)
    405       81       3,462  
 
                       
Retirement and severance benefits (Note 8)
    26,790       28,839       228,974  
 
                       
Deferred income taxes (Note 7)
    5,314       751       45,419  
 
                       
Other noncurrent liabilities
    4,979       3,244       42,555  
     
Total liabilities
    207,110       163,772       1,770,171  
     
 
                       
Minority interests
    13,974       5,162       119,436  
 
                       
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Notes 12 and 13)
                       
 
                       
Stockholders’ equity:
                       
Common stock
                       
Authorized 480,000,000 shares; issued 133,189,659 shares in 2006 and 2005; outstanding 132,266,828 shares in 2006 and 132,244,587 shares in 2005
    32,641       32,641       278,983  
Additional paid-in capital
    63,237       63,051       540,487  
Legal reserve (Note 9)
    17,517       16,918       149,718  
Retained earnings (Note 9)
    618,259       585,557       5,284,265  
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Notes 7, 8 and 11)
    (21,946 )     (51,657 )     (187,573 )
Treasury stock at cost; 922,831 shares in 2006 and 945,072 shares in 2005 (Note 10)
    (7,289 )     (7,443 )     (62,299 )
     
Total stockholders’ equity
    702,419       639,067       6,003,581  
     
 
                       
     
 
  ¥ 923,503       808,001     $ 7,893,188  
     

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Consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity
For the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
                                 
                            U.S. Dollars
            Yen           (Thousands)
            (Millions)           (Note 2)
    2006   2005   2004   2006
 
Common stock:
                               
Balance at beginning of period
  ¥ 32,641       32,641       32,641     $ 278,983  
     
Balance at end of period
    32,641       32,641       32,641       278,983  
     
 
                               
Additional paid-in capital:
                               
Balance at beginning of period
    63,051       63,051       63,051       538,897  
Non-cash compensation charges under a stock option plan
    186                   1,590  
     
Balance at end of period
    63,237       63,051       63,051       540,487  
     
 
                               
Legal reserve (Note 9):
                               
Balance at beginning of period
    16,918       16,497       15,953       144,598  
Transferred from retained earnings
    599       421       544       5,120  
     
Balance at end of period
    17,517       16,918       16,497       149,718  
     
 
                               
Retained earnings (Note 9):
                               
Balance at beginning of period
    585,557       560,756       525,919       5,004,761  
Net income
    44,101       33,300       42,101       376,932  
Cash dividends
    (10,578 )     (7,938 )     (6,625 )     (90,410 )
Losses on sales of treasury stock
    (222 )     (140 )     (95 )     (1,898 )
Transferred to legal reserve
    (599 )     (421 )     (544 )     (5,120 )
     
Balance at end of period
    618,259       585,557       560,756       5,284,265  
     
 
                               
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Notes 7, 8 and 11):
                               
Balance at beginning of period
    (51,657 )     (90,387 )     (78,824 )     (441,513 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period, net of tax
    29,711       38,730       (11,563 )     253,940  
     
Balance at end of period
    (21,946 )     (51,657 )     (90,387 )     (187,573 )
     
 
                               
Treasury stock (Note 10):
                               
Balance at beginning of period
    (7,443 )     (6,339 )     (4,855 )     (63,615 )
Acquisition of treasury stock
    (955 )     (1,672 )     (1,865 )     (8,162 )
Exercise of stock options
    1,109       568       381       9,478  
     
Balance at end of period
    (7,289 )     (7,443 )     (6,339 )     (62,299 )
     
 
                               
Total stockholders’ equity
  ¥ 702,419       639,067       576,219     $ 6,003,581  
     
 
                               
Disclosure of comprehensive income:
                               
Net income for the period
  ¥ 44,101       33,300       42,101     $ 376,932  
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period, net of tax (Note 11)
    29,711       38,730       (11,563 )     253,940  
     
Total comprehensive income for the period
  ¥ 73,812       72,030       30,538     $ 630,872  
     
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Consolidated statements of cash flows
For the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
                                 
                            U.S. Dollars
            Yen           (Thousands)
            (Millions)           (Note 2)
    2006   2005   2004   2006
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
                               
Net income
  ¥ 44,101       33,300       42,101     $ 376,932  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax
    310       3,665       1,254       2,649  
     
Income from continuing operations
    44,411       36,965       43,355       379,581  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                               
Depreciation and amortization
    58,540       52,806       50,726       500,342  
Loss on disposal of property and equipment
    3,220       1,190       1,363       27,521  
Deferred income taxes
    (696 )     (5,532 )     1,858       (5,949 )
Loss (gain) on securities, net
    286       142       1,093       2,445  
Gain on sale of a subsidiary
          (1,799 )     (567 )      
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisition of businesses:
                               
Increase in trade receivables
    (16,886 )     (7,343 )     (7,680 )     (144,325 )
Decrease (increase) in inventories
    (287 )     3,461       (7,868 )     (2,453 )
Decrease (increase) in other current assets
    (8,748 )     1,149       (4,387 )     (74,769 )
Increase in trade payables
    7,101       245       8,200       60,692  
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses
    12,347       (2,496 )     8,878       105,530  
Increase (decrease) in income taxes payables, net
    (10,689 )     14,464       5,704       (91,359 )
Increase (decrease) in retirement and severance benefits, net
    981       2,519       9,285       8,385  
Other — net
    (462 )     (522 )     4,059       (3,949 )
     
Net cash provided by operating activities
    89,118       95,249       114,019       761,692  
     
 
                               
Cash flows from investing activities:
                               
Capital expenditures
    (73,911 )     (61,005 )     (44,471 )     (631,718 )
Proceeds from sale and maturity of investments in securities
    4,263       1,788       1,814       36,436  
Payment for purchase of investments in securities
    (4,227 )     (2,424 )     (1 )     (36,128 )
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired
    (32,868 )     (1,496 )           (280,923 )
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment
    3,373       999       4,299       28,829  
Acquisition of minority interests
    (2,587 )           (366 )     (22,111 )
Proceeds from sale of a subsidiary
                1,523        
Proceeds from sale of discontinued operations
    1,538                   13,145  
Other — net
    (363 )     (221 )     (445 )     (3,103 )
     
Net cash used in investing activities
    (104,782 )     (62,359 )     (37,647 )     (895,573 )
     
 
                               
Cash flows from financing activities:
                               
Proceeds from long-term debt
    269       218       69       2,299  
Repayment of long-term debt
    (218 )     (164 )     (479 )     (1,863 )
Increase (decrease) in short-term debt, net
    3,688       (330 )     (1,047 )     31,521  
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
    887       428       286       7,581  
Cash paid to acquire treasury stock
    (955 )     (1,672 )     (1,865 )     (8,162 )
Dividends paid
    (10,578 )     (7,938 )     (6,625 )     (90,410 )
Other — net
    (218 )     (171 )     (199 )     (1,863 )
     
Net cash used in financing activities
    (7,125 )     (9,629 )     (9,860 )     (60,897 )
     
 
                               
Cash flows of discontinued operations (Revised — Note 1(v))
                               
Opearting cash flows:
    (407 )     (1,458 )     885       (3,478 )
Investing cash flows:
    (4 )     (166 )     (123 )     (34 )
Financing cash flows:
                       
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents from discontinued operations
    (3 )     (1 )     (1 )     (26 )
     
Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations
    (414 )     (1,625 )     761       (3,538 )
     
 
                               
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
    10,712       2,717       (10,669 )     91,555  
     
Net increse (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    (12,491 )     24,353       56,604       (106,761 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    251,508       227,155       170,551       2,149,641  
     
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  ¥ 239,017       251,508       227,155     $ 2,042,880  
     
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Nature of Operations
     TDK, a Tokyo-based company founded in 1935, is a multinational manufacturer of ferrite products and a producer of inductor, ceramic capacitors, magnetic head and other components and recording media. TDK’s two business segments are electronic materials and components, and recording media, which accounted for 86.5 percent and 13.5 percent of net sales, respectively, for the year ended March 31, 2006. The main products which are manufactured and sold by the two business segments are as follows:
     (i) Electronic materials and components products:
Ferrite cores, Multilayer chip capacitors, High-frequency components, Inductors, GMR heads, and Organic electroluminescent (EL) display
     (ii) Recording media products:
Audio tapes, Video tapes, CD-Rs, MDs, DVDs, and Tape-based data storage media for computers
     TDK sells electronic materials and components products to electric and communication equipment manufacturers and audio equipment manufacturers, mainly in Asia and Japan, and recording media products to distribution agents and audio equipment manufacturers, mainly in Japan, Europe, and North America.
(b) Basis of Presentation
     TDK and its domestic subsidiaries maintain their books of account in conformity with financial accounting standards of Japan, and its foreign subsidiaries in conformity with those of the countries of their domicile.
     The consolidated financial statements presented herein reflect certain adjustments, not recorded on the primary books of TDK and subsidiaries, to present the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (the “U.S. GAAP”). Such adjustments relate principally to accounting for retirement and severance benefits.
(c) Consolidation Policy
     The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of TDK, its subsidiaries and those variable interest entities where TDK is the primary beneficiary under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 46 (revised December 2003) (“FIN 46R”), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities”. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
     The investments in affiliates in which TDK’s ownership is 20 percent to 50 percent and where TDK exercises significant influence over their operating and financial policies are accounted for by the equity method. All significant intercompany profits from these affiliates have been eliminated.
(d) Cash Equivalents
     Cash equivalents include all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less.
(e) Allowance for Doubtful Receivables
     The allowance for doubtful receivables is TDK’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in TDK’s existing trade receivables. An additional reserve for individual receivables is recorded when TDK becomes aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, such as in the case of bankruptcy filings or deterioration in a customer’s operating results or financial position. If customer circumstances change, estimates of the recoverability of receivables would be further adjusted.

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(f) Investments in Securities
     TDK classifies its debt and equity securities into one of three categories: trading, available-for-sale, or held-to-maturity. Trading securities are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. Held-to-maturity securities are those securities in which TDK has the ability and intent to hold the security until maturity. All securities not included in trading or held-to-maturity are classified as available-for-sale.
     Trading and available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value. Held-to-maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost, adjusted for the amortization or accretion of premiums or discounts. Unrealized holding gains and losses on trading securities are included in earnings. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, on available-for-sale securities are excluded from earnings and are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until realized. As of March 31, 2006 and 2005, TDK did not hold any trading or held-to-maturity securities. Available-for sale securities, which mature or are expected to be sold in less than one year, are classified as current assets.
     A decline in the fair value of any available-for-sale security below cost that is deemed to be other-than-temporary results in a reduction in carrying amount to fair value. The impairment is charged to earnings and a new cost basis for the security is established. To determine whether an impairment is other-than-temporary, TDK periodically reviews the fair value of available-for-sale securities for possible impairment by taking into consideration the financial and operating conditions of the issuer, the general market conditions in the issuer’s industry, degree and period of the decline in fair value and other relevant factors.
     Nonmarketable securities are recorded at cost, as fair value is not readily determinable. TDK periodically evaluates whether an event or change in circumstances may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. Factors considered in accessing whether an indication of impairment exists include the financial and operating conditions of the issuer, the general market conditions in the issuer’s industry and other relevant factors. If an indication of impairment is present, TDK estimates the fair value of nonmarketable securities. If the fair value is less than cost and the impairment is determined to be other-than-temporary, a nonmarketable security is written down to its impaired value through a charge to earnings.
(g) Inventories
     Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined principally by the average cost method.
(h) Property, Plant and Equipment
     Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is principally computed by the declining-balance method for assets located in Japan and of certain foreign subsidiaries and by the straight-line method for assets of other foreign subsidiaries based on the following estimated useful lives:
     
Buildings
  3 to 60 years
Machinery and equipment
  2 to 22 years
(i) Income Taxes
     Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.
     Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. TDK uses a specific identification method to release the residual tax effects associated with components of accumulated other comprehensive income resulting from a change in tax law or rate.

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(j) Stock Option Plan
     In December 2002, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 148 (“SFAS 148”), “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure”, which amends FASB Statement No. 123 (“SFAS 123”), “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation”. SFAS 148 provides alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In addition, SAFS 148 amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS 123 to require more prominent and more frequent disclosures in financial statements about the effects of stock-based compensation. However, it gives an entity a choice of recognizing related compensation expense by adopting the fair value method or to continue to measure compensation using the intrinsic value-based method prescribed under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 (“APB 25”), “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees”, the former standard. TDK has chosen to use the measurement principle prescribed by APB 25. As such, stock-based compensation cost is recognized by TDK only if the market price of the underlying common stock exceeds the exercise price on the date of grant. Accordingly, stock option related compensation cost of ¥186 million ($1,590 thousand) has been recognized in fiscal 2006, representing the amount attributed to service rendered during the current period of the amount by which the market price of the underlying common stock exceeded the exercise price of stock options approved for issuance at the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held in June 2005 (note 10). No compensation cost has been recognized in fiscal 2005 and fiscal 2004 for TDK’s stock based compensation plan.
     The following table illustrates the effects on both income from continuing operations and net income if the fair-value-based method had been applied to all outstanding and unvested stock based awards with such costs recognized ratably over the vesting period of the underlying instruments.
                                 
    Yen   U.S. Dollars
    (Millions)   (Thousands)
    2006   2005   2004   2006
 
Income from continuing operations, as reported
  ¥ 44,411       36,965       43,355     $ 379,581  
Add compensation expense recognized under intrinsic value method
    186                   1,590  
 
                               
Deduct total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair-value-based method for all awards
    (607 )     (438 )     (330 )     (5,188 )
     
Pro forma income from continuing operations
  ¥ 43,990       36,527       43,025     $ 375,983  
     
                                 
            Yen           U.S. Dollars
     
Basic income from continuing operations per share:
                               
As reported
  ¥ 335.84       279.41       327.27     $ 2.87  
Pro forma
    332.66       276.11       324.78       2.84  
Diluted income from continuing operations per share:
                               
As reported
  ¥ 335.54       279.25       327.15     $ 2.87  
Pro forma
    332.39       275.98       324.74       2.84  

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    Yen   U.S. Dollars
    (Millions)   (Thousands)
    2006   2005   2004   2006
 
Net income, as reported
  ¥ 44,101       33,300       42,101     $ 376,932  
Add compensation expense recognized under intrinsic value method
    186                   1,590  
 
                               
Deduct total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair-value-based method for all awards
    (607 )     (438 )     (330 )     (5,188 )
     
Pro forma net income
  ¥ 43,680       32,862       41,771     $ 373,334  
     
                                 
        Yen       U.S. Dollars
     
Basic net income per share:
                               
As reported
  ¥ 333.50       251.71       317.80     $ 2.85  
Pro forma
    330.32       248.40       315.31       2.82  
Diluted net income per share:
                               
As reported
  ¥ 333.20       251.56       317.69     $ 2.85  
Pro forma
    330.05       248.29       315.27       2.82  
(k) Research and Development Expenses
     Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
(l) Advertising Costs
     Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.
(m) Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs
     Shipping and handling costs amounted to ¥15,326 million ($130,991 thousand), ¥13,397 million and ¥12,163 million for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of income.
(n) Foreign Currency Translation
     Foreign currency financial statements have been translated in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 52 (“SFAS 52”), “Foreign Currency Translation”. Under SFAS 52, the assets and liabilities of TDK’s subsidiaries located outside Japan are translated into Japanese yen at the rates of exchange in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenue and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in other income (deductions), and those resulting from translation of financial statements are excluded from the statements of income and are accumulated in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
(o) Use of Estimates
     Management of TDK has made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with the U.S. GAAP. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the valuation of intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, trade receivables, inventories, and deferred income tax assets, and assumptions related to the estimation of actuarial determined employee benefit obligations. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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(p) Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets
     Property, plant and equipment and certain identifiable intangibles with finite useful lives are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future net cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceed the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.
(q) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
     Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if certain indicators arise. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives. Intangible assets determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment until the life is determined to no longer be indefinite.
     TDK conducts its annual impairment test in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year.
(r) Derivative Financial Instruments
     TDK has elected not to apply hedge accounting. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized in earnings in the period of the changes.
(s) Net Income per Share
     Basic net income per share has been computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each year. Diluted net income per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock of TDK. For the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, stock options to purchase 116,100 shares, 364,300 shares and 156,500 shares, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as the effect would have been antidilutive.
(t) Revenue Recognition
     TDK generates revenue principally through the sale of electronic materials & components and recording media under separate contractual arrangements for each. TDK recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred and title and risk of loss have been transferred to the customer, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is probable.
     Revenue from sales of electronic materials & components including electronic materials, electronic devices and recording devices is recognized when the products are received by customers based on the free-on board destination sales term. With regards to sales of electronic materials & components, TDK’s policy is not to accept product returns unless the products are defective. The conditions of acceptance are governed by the terms of the contract or customer arrangement and those not meeting the predetermined specification are not recorded as revenue.
     Revenue from sales of recording media products such as videotape and DVDs is also recognized when the products are received by customers based on the free-on board destination sales term.

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     TDK offers sales incentives through various programs to certain resellers and retailers. These sales incentives include product discounts, volume-based discounts, marketing development funds (“MDFs”), rebates and coupons, and are accounted for in accordance with the Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 01-9 “Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer (Including a Reseller of Vendor’s Product)” (“EITF 01-9”). Generally, under EITF 01-9, consideration given by a vendor to a customer is presumed to be a reduction of the selling price of goods and services, and, therefore, should be recognized as a reduction of revenue in the vendor’s income statement. The presumption may be overcome based on certain factors. These sales incentives totaled to ¥13,479 million ($115,205 thousand), ¥14,292 million and ¥15,089 million for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
     A number of product discounts are based on a certain percentage off the invoice price predetermined by spot contracts or based on contractually agreed upon amounts with resellers and retailers. Product discounts are recognized as a reduction of revenue at the time the related revenue is recognized and amounted to ¥7,415 million ($63,376 thousand), ¥7,194 million and ¥5,993 million for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
     Volume-based discounts are provided only if the resellers and retailers achieve a specified cumulative level of revenue transactions in a year or less period. Liabilities are recognized as a reduction of revenue for the expected sales incentive at the time the related revenue is recognized and are initially based on the estimation of sales volume by using historical experience on an individual customer basis. Estimates of expected sales incentives are evaluated and adjusted periodically based on actual revenue transactions and forecasts for the balance of the year or incentive period. Volume-based discounts recognized as a reduction of revenue amounted to ¥2,646 million ($22,615 thousand), ¥3,005 million and ¥2,982 million for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
     MDFs are provided to certain resellers and retailers as a contribution to or a sponsored fund for customers’ marketing programs, such as customers’ coupons, catalog, sales contests and advertisements, mostly in the form of a subsidy. Under this program, we do not receive an identifiable benefit sufficiently separable from our customers. Accordingly, MDFs are accounted for as a reduction of revenue based on the annual contract or at the time TDK has incurred the obligation, if earlier, and amounted to ¥1,970 million ($16,838 thousand), ¥2,631 million and ¥2,923 million for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
     Consumer promotions mainly consist of coupons and mail-in rebates offered to end users, who are reimbursed by TDK to retailers or end users for the coupons or mail-in rebates redeemed. Liabilities are recognized at the time related revenue is recognized (or at the time of the offer if the sale to retailers occurs before the offer) for the expected number of coupons or mail-in rebates to be redeemed. TDK uses historical rates of redemption on similar offers for similar products to estimate redemption rates for current incentive offerings. Consumer promotions recognized as a reduction of revenue amounted to ¥995 million ($8,504 thousand), ¥1,061 million and ¥2,446 million for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
     TDK also provides slotting fees paid to certain retailers for putting TDK products at attractive areas or shelves in the store. Slotting fees are recognized as a reduction of revenue at the time TDK has incurred the obligation. Slotting fees recognized as a reduction of revenue amounted to ¥274 million ($2,342 thousand), ¥205 million and ¥451 million for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
     Additionally, TDK has advertising programs with certain resellers and retailers where TDK agrees to reimburse them for advertising cost incurred by them to put TDK products on their flyers, catalogs and billboards. TDK receives an identifiable benefit (advertising) in return for the consideration and that benefit is sufficiently separable because TDK could have purchased that advertising from other parties. Also, TDK can reasonably estimate the fair value of the benefit through obtaining sufficient evidence from the resellers and retailers in the form of the invoice issued by the third party providing the service to the resellers and retailers. Therefore, such advertising programs are expensed as selling, general and administrative expenses at the time TDK has incurred the obligation and amounted to ¥179 million ($1,530 thousand), ¥196 million and ¥293 million for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.

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     TDK allows limited right of returns in certain cases and reduces revenue for estimated future returns based upon historical experience at the time the related revenue is recorded.
     Warranties offered on TDK’s products are insignificant.
(u) New Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
     In November 2004, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 151 (“SFAS 151”), “Inventory Costs – an amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 43 (“ARB 43”), Chapter 4”. SFAS 151 amends the guidance in ARB 43, Chapter 4, “Inventory Pricing”, to clarify the accounting for abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs, and wasted material (spoilage). SFAS 151 requires that items such as idle facility expense, excessive spoilage, double freight and rehandling costs be recognized as current-period charges regardless of whether they meet the criterion of “so abnormal” as stated in ARB 43. In addition, SFAS 151 requires that allocation of fixed production overheads to the costs of conversion be based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. SFAS 151 is effective for inventory costs incurred in fiscal periods beginning after June 15, 2005. TDK does not expect the adoption of SFAS 151 to have a material effect on TDK’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.
     In December 2004, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share Based Payment” (“SFAS 123R”). SFAS 123R is a revision of SFAS 123, “Accounting for Stock Based Compensation”, and supersedes APB 25. SFAS 123R requires TDK to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for equity awards based on the grant date fair value of the awards. The cost will be recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period of the awards. In April 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission deferred the effective date of SFAS 123R to the beginning of the first annual period after June 15, 2005. TDK adopted SFAS 123R in the first quarter of fiscal 2007 and will continue to evaluate the impact of SFAS 123R on TDK’s consolidated financial position and results of operations. The pro forma information presented in Note 1(j) and Note 10 presents the estimated compensation charges under SFAS 123. TDK’s assessment of the estimated compensation charges is affected by TDK’s stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables and the related tax impact. These variables include, but are not limited to, TDK’s stock price volatility and employee stock option exercise behaviors. TDK will recognize the compensation cost for stock-based awards issued after April 1, 2006 on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award. In addition, TDK will recognize the unvested portion of the grant date fair value of awards issued prior to adoption based on the fair values previously calculated for disclosure purposes. At March 31, 2006, the aggregate value of unvested options, as determined using a Black-Scholes option pricing model, was ¥227 million. Upon adoption of SFAS 123R, this amount will be recognized over the remaining vesting period of these options.
     In May 2005, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 154 (“SFAS 154”), “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections – a replacement of Opinion of the Accounting Principle Board No. 20 (“APB 20”) and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 3 (“SFAS 3”)”. SFAS 154 replaces APB 20, “Accounting Changes” and SFAS 3, “Reporting Accounting Changes in Interim Financial Statements”, and provides guidance on the accounting for and reporting of accounting changes and error corrections. SFAS 154 establishes retrospective application, or the latest practicable date, as the required method for reporting a change in accounting principle and the reporting of a correction of an error. SFAS 154 is effective for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005. TDK does not expect the adoption of SFAS 154 to have a material effect on TDK’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.
(v) Reclassifications
     Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior year’s consolidated financial statements to conform to the presentation used for the year ended March 31, 2006.
     In 2006 TDK has separately disclosed the operating, investing and financing portions of the cash flows attributable to its discontinued operations, which in prior periods were reported on a combined basis as a single amount.

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2. Financial Statement Translation
     The consolidated financial statements are expressed in Japanese yen, the functional currency of TDK. Supplementally, the Japanese yen amounts as of and for the year ended March 31, 2006, have also been translated into U.S. dollar amounts, solely for the convenience of the reader, at the rate of ¥117=U.S.$1, the approximate exchange rate on the Tokyo Foreign Exchange Market on March 31, 2006. This translation should not be construed as a representation that the amounts shown could be converted into U.S. dollars at such rate.
3. Foreign Operations
     Amounts included in the consolidated financial statements relating to subsidiaries operating in foreign countries are summarized as follows:
                                 
                            U.S. Dollars
    Yen (Millions)   (Thousands)
    2006   2005   2004   2006
 
Net assets
  ¥ 435,381       360,925       318,915     $ 3,721,205  
Net sales
    626,626       498,366       494,184       5,355,778  
Net income
    28,582       17,362       38,731       244,291  
 
4. Marketable Securities and Investments in Securities
     Marketable securities and investments in securities at March 31, 2006 and 2005, are as follows:
                         
                    U.S. Dollars
    Yen (Millions)   (Thousands)
    2006   2005   2006
 
Short-term marketable securities
  ¥ 56       1,609     $ 479  
Long-term marketable securities
    13,042       7,094       111,470  
Nonmarketable securities
    596       1,555       5,094  
Investments in affiliates
    15,119       14,049       129,222  
     
 
  ¥ 28,813       24,307     $ 246,265  
     

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     Marketable securities and investments in securities include available-for-sale securities. Information with respect to such securities at March 31, 2006 and 2005, is as follows:
As of March 31, 2006
                                 
            Gross   Gross    
            Unrealized   Unrealized    
            Holding   Holding    
    Cost   Gains   Losses   Fair Value
     
Yen (Millions):
                               
Equity securities
  ¥ 9,246       2,859       2       12,103  
Debt securities
    1,002             7       995  
     
 
  ¥ 10,248       2,859       9       13,098  
     
As of March 31, 2005
                                 
            Gross   Gross    
            Unrealized   Unrealized    
            Holding   Holding    
    Cost   Gains   Losses   Fair Value
     
Yen (Millions):
                               
Equity securities
  ¥ 5,951       1,054             7,005  
Debt securities
    1,698                   1,698  
     
 
  ¥ 7,649       1,054             8,703  
     
As of March 31, 2006
                                 
            Gross   Gross    
            Unrealized   Unrealized    
            Holding   Holding    
    Cost   Gains   Losses   Fair Value
     
U.S. Dollars (Thousands):
                               
Equity securities
  $ 79,026       24,436       17       103,445  
Debt securities
    8,564             60       8,504  
     
 
  $ 87,590       24,436       77       111,949  
     
     Debt securities classified as available-for-sale at March 31, 2006 mature in fiscal 2008 (weighted average remaining term of 1.7 years).
     The proceeds from sale and settlement of available-for-sale securities are ¥4,263 million ($36,436 thousand), ¥1,788 million and ¥1,814 million for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The gross realized gains on the sale and settlement of available-for-sale securities are ¥714 million ($6,103 thousand), ¥377 million and ¥135 million for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. TDK recorded a write-down of ¥1,000 million ($8,547 thousand), ¥519 million and ¥1,228 million on certain available-for-sale securities and nonmarketable securities representing other-than-temporary declines in the fair value for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
     At March 31, 2006, all of the available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months.
     The aggregate cost of nonmarketable securities accounted for under the cost method at March 31, 2006 and 2005 totaled ¥596 million ($5,094 thousand) and ¥1,555 million, respectively, and, as of March 31, 2006 and 2005, those securities were not evaluated for impairment because (a) TDK did not estimate the fair value of those investments as it was not practicable to estimate the fair value of the investment and (b) TDK did not identify any events or changes in circumstances that might have had significant adverse effect on the fair value of those investments.
     Investments in affiliates accounted for by the equity method consist of 26.1 percent of the common stock of Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd., a research and development company, 50.0 percent of the common stock of TMP Co., Ltd., a magnetic products manufacturing company, and five other affiliated companies, collectively, which are not significant. The difference between TDK’s carrying value of investments in affiliates and its share of the underlying net equity in such affiliates substantially consists of unamortized amounts of equity-method goodwill of ¥1,231 million ($10,521 thousand) as of both March 31, 2006 and 2005.

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     As of March 31, 2006 and 2005, certain debt securities in the amount of ¥989 million and ¥1,695 million, respectively were pledged as collateral for extended custom duty payments to Tokyo Customs.
5. Inventories
     Inventories at March 31, 2006 and 2005, are summarized as follows:
                         
    Yen   U.S. Dollars
    (Millions)   (Thousands)
    2006   2005   2006
 
Finished goods
  ¥ 36,826       30,819     $ 314,752  
Work in process
    23,490       21,633       200,769  
Raw materials
    28,652       22,472       244,889  
     
 
  ¥ 88,968       74,924     $ 760,410  
     
     The cost elements for finished goods and work in process include direct costs for materials such as primary materials and purchased semi-finished products, direct labor costs such as basic salaries, bonuses, and legal welfare expenses, direct costs such as expenses paid to subcontractors, and indirect manufacturing costs comprising material costs, labor costs and other overhead costs.
6. Short-Term and Long-Term Debt
     Short-term debt and weighted average interest rates at March 31, 2006 and 2005, are as follows:
                                         
    Yen   U.S. Dollars   Weighted average
    (Millions)   (Thousands)   interest rate
    2006   2005   2006   2006   2005
 
Short-term bank loans — unsecured
  ¥ 4,469           $ 38,197       1.63 %      
 
     Long-term debt at March 31, 2006 and 2005, is set forth below:
                         
    Yen   U.S. Dollars
    (Millions)   (Thousands)
    2006   2005   2006
 
Loans from banks, unsecured, due fiscal 2007 (weighted average: 2006-0.96%)
  ¥ 1,700           $ 14,530  
Loans from banks, secured, due fiscal 2009-2012 (weighted average: 2006-0.95%)
    345             2,949  
Lease obligation (weighted average: 2006-5.78%, 2005-4.05%)
    318       184       2,718  
     
 
    2,363       184       20,197  
Less current installments
    1,958       103       16,735  
     
 
  ¥ 405       81     $ 3,462  
     

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     The aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt outstanding at March 31, 2006, are as follows:
                 
            U.S. Dollars
    Yen (Millions)   (Thousands)
 
Year ending March 31,
               
2007
  ¥ 1,958     $ 16,735  
2008
    196       1,675  
2009
    127       1,086  
2010
    36       308  
2011
    31       265  
Later years
    15       128  
     
 
  ¥ 2,363     $ 20,197  
     
     Short-term and long-term bank loans were made under general agreements that provide that under certain circumstances security and guarantees for present and future indebtedness will be given upon request of the bank, and that the bank shall have the right, as the obligations become due, or in the event of their default, to offset cash deposits against such obligations due to the bank.
     Property, plant and equipment having a net book value of ¥2,264 million ($19,350 thousand) is pledged as a collateral for long-term debt from banks.
     There were no debt covenants, or cross-default provisions under TDK’s financing arrangements. Furthermore, there were no subsidiary level dividend restrictions under the financing arrangements.
7. Income Taxes
     TDK and its domestic subsidiaries are subject to a national corporate tax of 30 percent, an inhabitants tax of between 5.2 percent and 6.2 percent and a deductible enterprise tax of between 7.7 percent and 8.0 percent, which in the aggregate resulted in a statutory rate of approximately 40 percent for the years ended March 31, 2006 and 2005. For the year ended March 31, 2004, the deductible enterprise tax rate was between 9.6 percent and 10.1 percent, which in the aggregate resulted in statutory rate of approximately 41 percent.
     Amendments to Japanese tax regulations were enacted into law on March 24, 2003. As a result of this amendment, the statutory income tax rate was reduced from approximately 41 percent to 40 percent effective from April 1, 2004. Current income taxes were calculated at the rate of 40 percent, in effect for the years ended March 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and 41 percent in the year 2004.
     For the year ended March 31, 2005, residual tax effects of ¥4,571 million previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (minimum pension liability adjustments) were released and recorded as a reduction to income tax expense in the consolidated statements of income as a result of the elimination of the minimum pension liability adjustment.

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     The effective tax rates of TDK for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, are reconciled with the Japanese statutory tax rate in the following table:
                         
    2006   2005   2004
 
Japanese statutory tax rate
    40.4 %     40.4 %     41.0 %
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes
    1.6       1.1       1.2  
Non taxable income
    (0.1 )     (0.2 )     0.0  
Difference in statutory tax rates of foreign subsidiaries
    (13.9 )     (10.5 )     (23.0 )
Change in the valuation allowance
    4.7       3.8       4.5  
Investment tax credit
    (0.1 )     (1.2 )     (1.6 )
Research and development tax credit
    (1.4 )     (3.6 )     (1.3 )
Residual tax effect in minimum pension liability adjustments
          (7.5 )      
Additional tax related to prior years income
    1.7       17.0        
Other
    (1.0 )     (1.0 )     0.9  
     
Effective tax rate
    31.9 %     38.3 %     21.7 %
     
     On June 29, 2005, TDK received a notification and assessment of additional tax from the Tokyo Regional Tax Bureau (Nihonbashi Tax Office) asserting that prices charged and paid by TDK in connection with sales and purchases of products involving its overseas subsidiaries have not been commensurate with the prices of similar transactions involving unrelated third parties. The period of additional assessments covers the tax years ending from March 1999 through March 2003. The additional tax assessed by the Tokyo Regional Tax Bureau amounts to ¥11,960 million including interest and penalty, which has been reflected as additional tax expense and other expense, net of deferred income tax benefits in the accompanying consolidated statements of income for the year ended March 31, 2005.
     Total income taxes for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 are allocated as follows:
                                 
    Yen   U.S.Dollars
    (Millions)   (Thousands)
    2006   2005   2004   2006
 
Income from continuing operations
  ¥ 21,057       23,284       12,133     $ 179,974  
Loss from discontinued operations
          156       1,010        
Stockholders’ equity, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
                               
Foreign currency translation adjustments
    8       8       245       68  
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities
    849       (148 )     348       7,256  
Minimum pension liability adjustments
    2,074       29,538       9,422       17,727  
     
Total income taxes
  ¥ 23,988       52,838       23,158     $ 205,025  
     

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     Income from continuing operations before income taxes and income taxes for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, are summarized as follows:
                                 
    Income From    
    Continuing    
    Operations    
    Before Income   Income Taxes
    Taxes   Current   Deferred   Total
     
Yen (Millions):
                               
2006
                               
Japanese
  ¥ 28,004       11,160       657       11,817  
Foreign
    38,099       10,593       (1,353 )     9,240  
     
 
  ¥ 66,103       21,753       (696 )     21,057  
     
 
                               
2005
                               
Japanese
    36,836       22,261       (5,026 )     17,235  
Foreign
    23,892       6,555       (506 )     6,049  
     
 
    60,728       28,816       (5,532 )     23,284  
     
 
                               
2004
                               
Japanese
    8,611       4,411       (7 )     4,404  
Foreign
    47,236       5,864       1,865       7,729  
     
 
    55,847       10,275       1,858       12,133  
     
 
                               
U.S. Dollars (Thousands):                        
2006
                               
Japanese
  $ 239,350       95,385       5,615       101,000  
Foreign
    325,633       90,538       (11,564 )     78,974  
     
 
  $ 564,983       185,923       (5,949 )     179,974  
     

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     The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at March 31, 2006 and 2005, are as follows:
                         
    Yen   U.S. Dollars
    (Millions)   (Thousands)
    2006   2005   2006
 
Deferred tax assets:
                       
Trade accounts receivable, principally due to allowance for doubtful receivables
  ¥ 433       332     $ 3,701  
Inventories
    1,005       894       8,590  
Accrued business tax
    370       1,330       3,162  
Accrued expenses
    5,145       3,863       43,974  
Retirement and severance benefits
    11,884       10,648       101,573  
Net operating loss carryforwards
    20,116       14,631       171,932  
Tax credit carryforwards
    684       208       5,846  
Minimum pension liability adjustments
    2,269       4,174       19,393  
Property, plant and equipment, principally due to differences in depreciation
    3,153       2,523       26,949  
Other
    1,835       1,867       15,684  
     
Total gross deferred tax assets
    46,894       40,470       400,804  
Less valuation allowance
    (20,298 )     (15,409 )     (173,487 )
     
Net deferred tax assets
  ¥ 26,596       25,061     $ 227,317  
     
 
                       
Deferred tax liabilities:
                       
Investments, principally due to differences in valuation
    (6,030 )     (6,034 )     (51,538 )
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries
    (3,948 )     (2,656 )     (33,744 )
Net unrealized gains on securities
    (1,223 )     (272 )     (10,453 )
Acquired intangible assets
    (4,990 )     (374 )     (42,650 )
Other
    (1,086 )     (1,220 )     (9,282 )
     
Total gross deferred tax liabilities
    (17,277 )     (10,556 )     (147,667 )
     
Net deferred tax assets
  ¥ 9,319       14,505     $ 79,650  
     
     The net changes in the total valuation allowance for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, are an increase of ¥4,889 million ($41,786 thousand), ¥4,381 million and ¥1,338 million, respectively. The valuation allowance primarily relates to deferred tax assets associated with net operating loss carryforwards incurred by certain foreign subsidiaries. The decrease in the valuation allowance attributable to preacquisition tax benefits recognized during the years ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 amounted to ¥154 million and ¥119 million, respectively. The reversal of the valuation allowance upon realization of tax benefits resulted in a reduction of goodwill. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible and tax carryforwards are utilized. Management considered the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for future taxable income over the periods which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not TDK will realize the benefits of these deductible differences and tax carryforwards, net of the existing valuation allowance at March 31, 2006.
     At March 31, 2006, certain subsidiaries have net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes of ¥65,398 million ($558,957 thousand) which are available to offset future taxable income, if any.

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     Periods available to offset future taxable income vary in each tax jurisdiction and range from one year to an indefinite period as follows:
                 
            U.S. Dollars
    Yen (Millions)   (Thousands)
 
Within 1 year
  ¥ 845     $ 7,222  
1 to 5 years
    4,676       39,966  
5 to 20 years
    18,626       159,196  
Indefinite periods
    41,251       352,573  
     
 
  ¥ 65,398     $ 558,957  
     
     At March 31, 2006, certain subsidiaries have tax credit carryforwards for income tax purposes of ¥684 million ($5,846 thousand) which are available to reduce future income taxes, if any. Approximately ¥44 million ($376 thousand) of the tax credit carryforwards expire through 2019, while the remainder have an indefinite carryforward period.
     Net deferred income tax assets and liabilities at March 31, 2006 and 2005, are reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets under the following captions:
                         
    Yen   U.S. Dollars
    (Millions)   (Thousands)
    2006   2005   2006
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
  ¥ 7,401       6,654     $ 63,257  
Deferred income taxes (noncurrent assets)
    7,287       8,633       62,282  
Other current liabilities
    (55 )     (31 )     (470 )
Deferred income taxes (noncurrent liabilities)
    (5,314 )     (751 )     (45,419 )
     
 
  ¥ 9,319       14,505     $ (79,650 )
     
     As of March 31, 2006 and 2005, TDK did not recognize deferred tax liabilities of approximately ¥61,144 million ($522,598 thousand) and ¥61,663 million, respectively, for certain portions of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries because TDK currently does not expect those unremitted earnings to reverse and become taxable to TDK in the foreseeable future. A deferred tax liability will be recognized when TDK expects that it will recover those undistributed earnings in a taxable manner, such as through receipt of dividends or sale of the investments. As of March 31, 2006 and 2005, the undistributed earnings of these subsidiaries are approximately ¥258,881 million ($2,212,658 thousand) and ¥244,341 million, respectively.
8. Retirement and Severance Benefits
     TDK and certain of its subsidiaries sponsor contributory and noncontributory retirement and severance plans that provide for pension or lump-sum benefit payments, based on length of service, employee salary and certain other factors, to substantially all employees who retire or terminate their employment for reasons other than dismissal for cause. Corporate statutory auditors participate in an unfunded retirement plan sponsored by TDK.
     The contributory plan in Japan mainly represents the Employees’ Pension Fund plan (“EPF”), comprised of the substitutional portion based on the pay related part of the old age pension benefits prescribed by the Welfare Pension Insurance Law (similar to Social Security benefits in the United States) and the corporate portion based on contributory defined pension arrangements established at the discretion of TDK. The substitutional portions of the EPF represent a welfare pension plan carried out on behalf of the Japanese government. The contributory plan is funded in conformity with the funding requirements of the applicable Japanese governmental regulations.
     TDK had been exempted from contributing to the Japanese Pension Insurance (“JPI”) program that would otherwise have been required if it had not elected to fund the government substitutional portion of the benefit through an EPF arrangement. The plan assets of the EPF were invested and managed as a single portfolio for the entire EPF and were not separately attributed to the substitutional and corporate portions.

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     In June 2001, the Contributed Benefit Pension Plan Law was newly enacted. This law permits an employer to elect to transfer the entire substitutional portion benefit obligation from the EPF to the government together with a specified amount of plan assets pursuant to a government formula. After such transfer, the employer would be required to make periodic contribution to JPI, and the Japanese government would be responsible for all benefit payments.
     Pursuant to the new law, TDK received an approval of exemption from the Minister of Health, Labor and Welfare, effective September 25, 2003, from the obligation for benefits related to future employee service with respect to the substitutional portion of its EPF. TDK received governmental approval of exemption from the obligation for benefits related to past employee service in October 2004 with respect to the substantial portion of its domestic contributory plan. The transfer to the government was completed on January 31, 2005.
     TDK accounted for the transfer in accordance with EITF Issue No. 03-2 “Accounting for the Transfer to the Japanese Government of the Substitutional Portion of Employee Pension Fund Liabilities” (“EITF 03-2”). As specified in EITF 03-2, the entire separation process is to be accounted for at the time of completion of the transfer to the government of the substitutional portion of the benefit obligation and related plan assets as a settlement in accordance with SFAS No. 88, “Employers’ Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits”. As a result of the transfer, TDK recognized as a subsidy from the Japanese government an amount equal to the difference between the fair value of the obligation deemed “settled” with the Japanese government and the assets required to be transferred to the government. The subsidy that TDK recognized amounted to ¥33,533 million. In addition, TDK recognized a settlement loss equal to the amount calculated as the ratio of the obligation settled to the total EPF obligation immediately prior to settlement, both of which exclude the effect of future salary progression relating to the substitutional portion, times the net unrecognized gain/loss immediately prior to settlement, which amounted to ¥27,347 million. This gain and loss is included in operating income in the accompanying consolidated statements of income for the year ended March 31, 2005.
     Effective October 1, 2004, the corporate portion of the EPF was replaced by a new defined benefit plan that provides benefits based on length of service, employee salary and other factors in a manner similar to the predecessor corporate defined benefit plan but, at a reduced rate. The reduction in the pension benefit obligation as of the effective date in the amount of ¥10,925 million has been accounted for as a negative plan amendment and included in prior service cost and is amortized into net periodic benefit cost over the weighted average remaining service period of the plan participants.
     TDK and its subsidiaries use a December 31 measurement date for the majority of the plans.

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     Net periodic benefit cost for TDK’s employee retirement and severance defined benefit plans for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 consisted of the following components:
                                 
    Yen   U.S. Dollars
    (Millions)   (Thousands)
    2006   2005   2004   2006
 
Service cost-benefits earned during the year
  ¥ 6,587       6,806       10,341     $ 56,299  
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation
    4,050       5,359       6,271       34,615  
Expected return on plan assets
    (3,386 )     (3,180 )     (2,640 )     (28,940 )
Amortization of transition assets
    (1,331 )     (1,331 )     (1,331 )     (11,376 )
Recognized actuarial loss
    3,445       5,696       7,480       29,444  
Amortization of unrecognized prior service benefit
    (2,041 )     (1,522 )     (1,353 )     (17,444 )
Settlement gain, net
          (6,186 )            
 
 
  ¥ 7,324       5,642       18,768     $ 62,598  
 

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     Reconciliations of beginning and ending balances of the benefit obligations and the fair value of the plan assets are as follows:
                         
    Yen     U.S. Dollars
    (Millions)     (Thousands)
    2006   2005   2006
 
Change in benefit obligations:
                       
Benefit obligations at beginning of period
  ¥ 184,997       258,991     $ 1,581,171  
Service cost
    6,587       6,806       56,299  
Interest cost
    4,050       5,359       34,615  
Plan amendments
          (10,925 )      
Actuarial loss (gain)
    (336 )     (727 )     (2,872 )
Benefits paid
    (6,447 )     (6,646 )     (55,102 )
Transfer of substitutional portion
          (67,862 )      
Acquisition
    3,600             30,769  
Others
    (63 )     (437 )     (538 )
Translation adjustment
    904       438       7,726  
     
Benefit obligations at end of period
    193,292       184,997       1,652,068  
     
Change in plan assets:
                       
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of period
    142,648       168,913       1,219,214  
Actual return on plan assets
    28,124       8,053       240,376  
Employer contributions
    6,050       3,596       51,710  
Benefits paid
    (5,815 )     (6,046 )     (49,701 )
Transfer of substitutional portion
          (31,985 )      
Acquisition
    1,467             12,538  
Translation adjustment
    386       117       3,299  
     
Fair value of plan assets at end of period
    172,860       142,648       1,477,436  
     
Funded status
    (20,432 )     (42,349 )     (174,632 )
Unrecognized net transition obligation being recognized over 18 years
    (1,276 )     (2,607 )     (10,906 )
Unrecognized net actuarial loss
    45,280       72,650       387,008  
Unrecognized prior service benefit
    (26,254 )     (28,295 )     (224,393 )
     
Net amount recognized
    (2,682 )     (601 )     (22,923 )
     
Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheets consist of:
                       
Prepaid pension cost
    18,289       17,669       156,316  
Retirement and severance benefits
    (26,790 )     (28,839 )     (228,974 )
Intangible assets
    99       56       846  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    5,720       10,513       48,889  
     
Net amount recognized
    (2,682 )     (601 )     (22,923 )
     
Actuarial present value of accumulated benefit obligations at end of period
  ¥ 175,073       167,834     $ 1,496,350  
     
     The projected benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets for the pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets, and the accumulated benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets for the pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets are as follows.
                         
    Yen   U.S. Dollars
    (Millions)   (Thousands)
    2006   2005   2006
 
Plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
                       
Projected benefit obligations
  ¥ 66,613       184,997     $ 569,342  
Fair value of plan assets
    37,405       142,648       319,701  
Plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
                       
Accumulated benefit obligations
    60,200       54,504       514,530  
Fair value of plan assets
    36,584       28,531       312,684  

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Assumptions
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at March 31:
                 
    2006   2005
 
Discount rate
    2.2 %     2.2 %
Assumed rate of increase in future compensation levels
    3.0 %     3.0 %
 
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the years ended March 31:
                         
    2006   2005   2004
 
Discount rate
    2.2 %     2.1 %     2.1 %
Assumed rate of increase in future compensation levels
    3.0 %     3.0 %     3.0 %
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets
    2.7 %     2.2 %     2.2 %
 
     TDK determines the expected long-term rate of return based on the expected long-term return of the various asset categories in which it invests. TDK considers the current expectations for future returns and the actual historical returns of each plan asset category.
Plan assets
     The weighted-average asset allocations of TDK’s benefit plans at March 31, 2006 and 2005 by asset category are as follows:
                 
    2006   2005
 
Equity securities
    65.4 %     26.2 %
Debt securities
    26.1 %     6.9 %
Cash
    2.2 %     62.5 %
Other
    6.3 %     4.4 %
     
 
    100.0 %     100.0 %
 
     TDK’s investment policies are designed to ensure adequate plan assets are available to provide future payments of pension benefits to eligible participants. Taking into account the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, TDK formulates a “model” portfolio comprised of the optimal combination of equity securities and debt securities. Plan assets are invested in individual equity and debt securities using the guidelines of the “model” portfolio in order to produce a total return that will match the expected return on a mid-term to long-term basis. TDK evaluates the gap between expected return and actual return of invested plan assets on an annual basis to determine if such differences necessitate a revision in the formulation of the “model” portfolio. TDK revises the “model” portfolio when and to the extent considered necessary to achieve the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets.
     During the year ended March 31, 2005, the EPF sold certain assets to facilitate the funding of the payment to the Japanese government for the transfer of the substitutional portion of the plan. In addition, the strategic mix for domestic pension plans had increased asset allocation to cash based on the unclear outlook for the bond and equity market in Japan during the middle of 2004. During the year ended March 31, 2006, the strategic mix for domestic pension plans resulted in increase of asset allocation to the equity and debt securities to reflect the completion of the payment to the Japanese government for the transfer of the substitutional portion of the EPF, and the upturn of the equity and debt securities market in Japan. As a result, the relative portion of the equity and debt securities in pension assets at March 31, 2006 increased compared to March 31, 2005.
Contributions
     TDK expects to contribute ¥6,315 million ($53,974 thousand) to its defined benefit plans for the year ending March 31, 2007.

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Estimated future benefit payments
     The benefits expected to be paid from the pension plans in each year 2007 through 2016 are as follows:
                 
    Yen   U.S. Dollars
    (Millions)   (Thousands)
 
Year ending March 31,
               
2007
  ¥ 5,981     $ 51,120  
2008
    6,887       58,863  
2009
    7,457       63,735  
2010
    8,002       68,393  
2011
    8,049       68,795  
2012 - 2016
  ¥ 41,320     $ 353,162  
 
9. Legal Reserve and Dividends
     The Japanese Company Law provides that an amount equal to 10 percent of cash dividends and other distributions from retained earnings paid by TDK and its Japanese subsidiaries be appropriated as a legal reserve. No further appropriations are required when the total amount of the additional paid-in capital and the legal reserve equals 25 percent of their respective stated capital. The Japanese Company Law also provides that to the extent that the sum of the additional paid-in capital and the legal reserve exceeds 25 percent of the stated capital, the amount of the excess (if any) is available for appropriations by resolution of the shareholders. Certain foreign subsidiaries are also required to appropriate their earnings to legal reserves under the laws of the respective countries. Cash dividends and appropriations to the legal reserve charged to retained earnings for the years ended March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 represent dividends paid out during those years and the related appropriations to the legal reserve. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any provision for the dividend proposed by the Board of Directors of ¥50 ($0.43) per share aggregating ¥6,613 million ($56,521 thousand) in respect of the year ended March 31, 2006.
     Cash dividends per common share are computed based on dividends paid for the year.
10. Stock Option Plan
(a) TDK
     TDK obtained approval of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 29, 2005 regarding the issuance of stock acquisition rights as share-based compensation stock options (the Stock Acquisition Rights) to Board members and Corporate Officers, pursuant to Articles 280-20 and 280-21 of the Japanese Commercial Code. Upon approval, the Board of Directors adopted resolutions to issue an aggregate of 246 Stock Acquisition Rights, each representing an option to purchase 100 shares of common stock of TDK, to the then 17 Directors and Corporate Officers of TDK. The Stock Acquisition Rights issued on June 30, 2005 are fully vested on date of issuance and are exercisable during the period from July 1, 2005 to June 30, 2025. The amount to be paid by qualified persons upon the exercise of each Stock Acquisition Rights is set at ¥1 ($0.01) per share of common stock. Stock option related compensation cost of ¥186 million ($1,590 thousand) has been recognized in fiscal 2006, representing the amount attributed to service rendered during the current period of the amount by which the market price of the underlying common stock exceeded the exercise price of stock options approved for issuance at the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held in June 2005.

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     TDK obtained approval of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 29, 2005 regarding the issuance of stock acquisition rights as stock options to select senior executives, pursuant to Articles 280-20 and 280-21 of the Japanese Commercial Code. Upon approval, the Board of Directors adopted resolutions to issue an aggregate of 906 Stock Acquisition Rights, each representing an option to purchase 100 shares of common stock of TDK, to the then 172 select senior executives of TDK, and the Directors and select senior executives of subsidiaries. The Stock Acquisition Rights issued on August 11, 2005 are exercisable during the period from August 1, 2007 to July 31, 2011. The amount to be paid by qualified persons upon the exercise of each Stock Acquisition Rights is set at ¥8,134 ($69.52) per share of common stock, which was calculated by a formula approved by shareholders at the said annual shareholders meeting and is subject to an adjustment in certain events, including but not limited to a stock split, stock dividend and issue of new shares at a price less than the current market price of the shares of TDK. The exercise price of each Stock Acquisition Rights was equal to or greater than the fair market value of TDK’s common stock on the date of grant.
     To cover these options and the share-based compensation stock options issued on June 30, 2005, TDK purchased on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (“TSE”) a total of 115,200 common shares with an aggregate purchase price of ¥930 million ($7,949 thousand) from August 17, 2005 through August 22, 2005.
     TDK obtained approval of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held in June 2004, 2003 and 2002 regarding the issuance of stock acquisition rights as stock options, pursuant to Articles 280-20 and 280-21 of the Japanese Commercial Code. Upon approval, the Board of Directors adopted resolutions to issue an aggregate of 2,343, 2,547 and 2,236 Stock Acquisition Rights, each representing a stock option to purchase 100 shares of common stock of TDK, to the then 187, 179 and 197 Directors, Corporate Officers and selected senior executives of TDK, and the Directors and select senior executives of its subsidiaries, respectively. The amount to be paid by qualified persons upon the exercise of each Stock Acquisition Rights was set at ¥8,147, ¥6,954 and ¥5,909 per share of common stock, respectively. The exercise price of each Stock Acquisition Rights was equal to or greater than the fair market value of TDK’s common stock on the date of grant.
     The Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held in June 2001 and 2000 approved to implement TDK’s stock option plan for Directors and certain employees of TDK, and the purchase of TDK’s own shares for transfer to them under the plan, pursuant to Article 210-2 of Japanese Commercial Code. Stock options were provided to the then 196 and 204 Directors on the Board and associate directors and officials in amounts ranging from 500 to 10,000 common shares each, at an exercise price of ¥6,114 and ¥15,640 per share. The exercise price of each Stock Acquisition Rights was equal to or greater than the fair market value of TDK’s common stock on the date of grant.
     TDK currently accounts for these stock option plans as fixed plans pursuant to APB 25.

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     A summary of the status of TDK’s stock option plans as of March 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, and of the activity during the years ending on those dates, is as follows:
                                                         
    2006   2005   2004   2006
            Weighted           Weighted           Weighted   Weighted
    Number   average   Number   average   Number   average   average
    of   exercise   of   exercise   of   exercise   exercise
    shares   price   shares   price   shares   price   price
            Yen           Yen           Yen   U.S. Dollars
 
Outstanding at beginning of year
    868,600     ¥ 8,293       739,300     ¥ 8,358       548,000     ¥ 8,967     $ 70.88  
Granted
    115,200       6,397       234,300       8,147       254,700       6,954       54.68  
Exercised
    139,700       6,308       71,700       5,979       46,900       6,114       53.90  
Forfeited or Expired
    15,900       14,563       33,300       13,695       16,500       13,276       124.47