2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash All short-term investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents. All cash was managed centrally by MTW and cash held by MTW at the corporate level was not attributed to MFS for any periods presented. Only cash amounts specifically attributable to MFS are reflected in the combined balance sheet.

Inventories Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market value. Approximately 90.3% and 88.6% of MFS’ inventories at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, were valued using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. The remaining inventories were valued using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method. If the FIFO inventory valuation method had been used exclusively, inventories would have increased by $3.4 million and $3.1 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Finished goods and work-in-process inventories include material, labor and manufacturing overhead costs.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets MFS accounts for its goodwill and other intangible assets under the guidance of ASC Subtopic 350-10, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other.” Under ASC Subtopic 350-10, goodwill is not amortized, but it is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently, as events dictate. See additional discussion of impairment testing under “—Impairment of Long-Lived Assets,” below. MFS’ other intangible assets with indefinite lives, including trademarks and tradenames and in-place distributor networks, are not amortized, but are also tested for impairment annually, or more frequently, as events dictate. MFS’ other intangible assets subject to amortization are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying values may not be recoverable. Other intangible assets are amortized straight-line over the following estimated useful lives:


	Useful lives
Patents		10-20 years
Engineering drawings		15 years
Customer relationships		10-20 years

Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are charged against earnings as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and improvements that substantially extend the capacity or useful life of an asset are capitalized and are then depreciated. The cost and accumulated depreciation for property, plant and equipment sold, retired, or otherwise disposed of are relieved from the accounts, and resulting gains or losses are reflected in earnings. Property, plant and equipment are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets using the straight-line depreciation method for financial reporting and on accelerated methods for income tax purposes.

Property, plant and equipment are depreciated over the following estimated useful lives:


		Years
Building and improvements		2 - 40
Machinery, equipment and tooling		2 - 20
Furniture and fixtures		3 - 15
Computer hardware and software		2 - 7

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets MFS reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the assets’ carrying amount may not be recoverable. MFS conducts its long-lived asset impairment analyses in accordance with ASC Subtopic 360-10-5. ASC Subtopic 360-10-5 requires the Company to group assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities and to evaluate the asset group against the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows.

For property, plant and equipment and other long-lived assets, other than goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets, MFS performs undiscounted operating cash flow analyses to determine impairments. If an impairment is determined to exist, any related impairment loss is calculated based upon comparison of the fair value to the net book value of the assets. Impairment losses on assets held for sale are based on the estimated proceeds to be received, less costs to sell.

Each year, as of June 30, MFS tests for impairment of goodwill according to a two-step approach. In the first step, MFS estimates the fair values of its reporting units using the present value of future cash flows approach. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, the second step of the goodwill impairment test is performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any. In the second step, the implied fair value of the goodwill is estimated as the fair value of the reporting unit used in the first step less the fair values of all other net tangible and intangible assets of the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of the goodwill exceeds its implied fair market value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, not to exceed the carrying amount of the goodwill. In addition, goodwill of a reporting unit is tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. For other indefinite lived intangible assets, the impairment test consists of a comparison of the fair value of the intangible assets to their carrying amount. See Note 9, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” for further details on our impairment assessments.

Warranties Estimated warranty costs are recorded in cost of sales at the time of sale of the warranted products based on historical warranty experience for the related product or estimates of projected costs due to specific warranty issues on new products. These estimates are reviewed periodically and are adjusted based on changes in facts, circumstances or actual experience.

Environmental Liabilities MFS accrues for losses associated with environmental remediation obligations when such losses are probable and reasonably estimable. Such accruals are adjusted as information develops or circumstances change. Costs of long-term expenditures for environmental remediation obligations are discounted to their present value when the timing of cash flows are estimable.

Product Liabilities MFS records product liability reserves for its self-insured portion of any pending or threatened product liability actions. The reserve is based upon two estimates. First, MFS tracks the population of all outstanding pending and threatened product liability cases to determine an appropriate case reserve for each based upon Foodservice’s best judgment and the advice of legal counsel. These estimates are continually evaluated and adjusted based upon changes to facts and circumstances surrounding the case. Second, MFS determines the amount of additional reserve required to cover incurred but not reported product liability obligations and to account for possible adverse development of the established case reserves. This analysis is performed at least once annually.

Foreign Currency Translation The financial statements of MFS’ non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated using the current exchange rate for assets and liabilities and the average exchange rate for the year for income and expense items. Resulting translation adjustments are recorded to Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI) as a component of equity.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities MTW entered into derivative instruments, on MFS’ behalf, to hedge MFS’ foreign exchange and commodity exposure associated with aluminum, copper, steel, and natural gas prices.

MTW has and MFS has adopted substantially similar written policies and procedures that place all financial instruments under the direction of corporate treasury and restrict all derivative transactions to those intended for hedging purposes. The use of financial instruments for trading purposes is strictly prohibited. MTW used and MFS continues to use financial instruments to manage the market risk from changes in foreign exchange rates, commodities and interest rates. MFS follows the guidance in accordance with ASC Subtopic 815-10, “Derivatives and Hedging.” The fair values of all derivatives are recorded in the combined balance sheets. The change in a derivative’s fair value is recorded each period in current earnings or AOCI depending on whether the derivative is designated and qualifies as part of a hedge transaction and if so, the type of hedge transaction. During 2015, 2014 and 2013, minimal amounts were recognized in earnings due to ineffectiveness of certain commodity hedges. The amount reported as derivative instrument fair market value adjustment in the AOCI account within the combined statements of comprehensive income (loss) represents the net gain (loss) on foreign currency exchange contracts and commodity contracts designated as cash flow hedges, net of income taxes.

Cash Flow Hedges MTW, on MFS’ behalf, selectively hedged anticipated transactions that were subject to foreign exchange exposure and commodity price exposure, primarily using foreign currency exchange and commodity contracts. These instruments were designated as cash flow hedges in accordance with ASC Subtopic 815-10 and hedged specifically attributable to MFS are recorded in the combined balance sheets at fair value. The effective portion of the contracts’ gains or losses due to changes in fair value are initially recorded as a component of AOCI and are subsequently reclassified into earnings when the hedged transactions, typically sales and costs related to sales occur and affect earnings. These contracts are highly effective in hedging the variability in future cash attributable to changes in currency exchange rates or commodity prices.

Stock-Based Compensation MFS employees have historically participated in MTW’s stock-based compensation plans. Stock-based compensation expense has been allocated to the MFS business based on the awards and terms previously granted to its employees. Until consummation of the Spin-Off, the MFS business continued to participate in MTW’s stock-based compensation plans and record stock-based compensation expense based on the stock-based awards granted to the MFS employees. Accounting guidance requires that the cost resulting from all stock-based payment transactions be recognized in the financial statements. Guidance establishes fair value as the measurement objective in accounting for stock-based payment arrangements and requires all companies to apply a fair-value-based measurement method in accounting generally for all stock-based payment transactions with employees. Stock based compensation expense related to MFS employees of $2.3 million, $2.4 million and $3.5 million has been recorded in the combined statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively.

Revenue Recognition Revenue is generally recognized and earned when all the following criteria are satisfied with regard to a specific transaction: persuasive evidence of a sales arrangement exists; the price is fixed or determinable; collectability of cash is reasonably assured; and delivery has occurred or services have been rendered. Shipping and handling fees are reflected in net sales and shipping and handling costs are reflected in cost of sales in the combined statements of operations.

Research and Development Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred and amounted to $26.1 million, $31.0 million and $28.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. Research and development costs include salaries, materials, contractor fees and other administrative costs.

Income Taxes In MFS’ combined financial statements, income tax expense and deferred tax balances have been calculated on a separate return basis although MFS’ operations have historically been included in the tax returns filed by the respective MTW entities. In the future, as a standalone entity, MFS will file tax returns on its own behalf and its deferred taxes and effective tax rate may differ from those in historical periods.

MFS recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future income tax consequences of events that have been recognized in MFS’ financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the temporary difference between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided for deferred tax assets where it is considered more likely than not that the Company will not realize the benefit of such assets. MFS evaluates its uncertain tax positions as new information becomes available. Tax benefits are recognized to the extent a position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by the taxing authority.

With the exception of certain separate filing Foodservice U.S. and non-U.S. entities that will transfer to MFS after the Spin-Off, current income tax liabilities were deemed to settle immediately with MTW tax paying entities in the respective jurisdictions. These settlements were reflected as changes in the net parent company investment account.

Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) includes, in addition to net earnings, other items that are reported as direct adjustments to equity. Currently, these items are foreign currency translation adjustments, employee postretirement benefit adjustments and the change in fair value of certain derivative instruments.

Concentration of Credit Risk Credit extended to customers through trade accounts receivable potentially subjects MFS to risk. This risk is limited due to the large number of customers and their dispersion across various industries and many geographical areas. However, a significant amount of MFS’ receivables are with distributors and large companies in the foodservice and beverage industry. MFS currently does not foresee a significant credit risk associated with these individual groups of receivables, but continues to monitor the exposure, if any.

Recent accounting changes and pronouncements

On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” which requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liability, initially measured at present value of the lease payments, on its balance sheet for leases with terms longer than 12 months and classified as either financing or operating leases. ASU 2016-02 requires a modified retrospective transition approach for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, and provides certain practical expedients that companies may elect. ASU 2016-02 is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the effects that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-01, “Financial Instruments (Subtopic 825-10) - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” This update provides guidance for the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. This guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and early adoption is not permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact, if any, the adoption of this ASU will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, “Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (Subtopic 740-10).” ASU 2015-17 simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes by eliminating the requirement for companies to present deferred tax liabilities and assets as current and non-current on the balance sheet. Instead, companies will be required to classify all deferred tax assets and liabilities as non-current. This guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and early adoption is permitted. We early adopted this ASU on a prospective basis as of December 31, 2015. Prior periods were not retrospectively adjusted.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, “Business Combinations (Topic 805) - Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments.” The amendments in this ASU require that an acquirer in a business combination recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined, rather than as retrospective adjustments. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively to adjustments to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date of this ASU with earlier application permitted for financial statements that have not been issued. We believe the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on our combined financial statements.

In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-15, “Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements.” This ASU clarifies the guidance related to accounting for debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03 which requires entities to present debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability; see further discussion of ASU 2015-03 below. The guidance in ASU 2015-03 did not address presentation or subsequent measurement of debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements. Given the absence of authoritative guidance within ASU 2015-03 for debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements, the SEC staff would not object to an entity deferring and presenting debt issuance costs as an asset and subsequently amortizing the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line-of-credit arrangement. This ASU will be effective beginning in the interim period ended March 31, 2016 and will not affect the prior periods presented.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, “Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory.” This ASU changes the guidance on accounting for inventory accounted for on a first-in first-out basis (FIFO). Under the revised standard, an entity should measure FIFO inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Subsequent measurement is unchanged for inventory measured on a last-in, first-out basis (LIFO). The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016. We believe the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on our combined financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-05, “Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement.” This update provides guidance on accounting for a software license in a cloud computing arrangement. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. Further, all software licenses are within the scope of Accounting Standards Codification Subtopic 350-40 and will be accounted for consistent with other licenses of intangible assets. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. We believe the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on our combined financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, “Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs.” To simplify the presentation of debt issuance costs, this update requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts, rather than as a deferred asset. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected by the amendments in this update. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015, with early application permitted. This ASU will be effective beginning in the interim period ended March 31, 2016 and will not affect the prior periods presented.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, “Consolidation (Topic 820)—Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis.” This update amends the current consolidation guidance for both the variable interest entity (VIE) and voting interest entity (VOE) consolidation models. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. MFS believes the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on its combined financial statements.

In January 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-01, “Income Statement—Extraordinary and Unusual Items.” This update eliminates from GAAP the concept of extraordinary items. ASU 2015-01 is effective for the first interim period within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted provided that the guidance is applied from the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. A reporting entity may apply the amendments prospectively or retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. MFS believes the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on its combined financial statements.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements—Going Concern.” This update provided guidance on management’s responsibility in evaluating whether there is substantial doubt about a company’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. ASU 2014-15 is effective in the first annual period ending after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. MFS believes the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on its combined financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” This update provided a principles-based approach to revenue recognition to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This ASU provides a five-step model to be applied to all contracts with customers. The five steps are to identify the contract(s) with the customer, identify the performance obligations in the contact, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and recognize revenue when each performance obligation is satisfied. The revenue standard is effective for the first interim period within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 (as finalized by the FASB in August 2015 in ASU 2015-14), and can be applied either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the update recognized at the date of initial application along with additional disclosures. Early adoption is permitted as of the original effective date—the first interim period within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. MFS is evaluating the impact, if any, the adoption of this ASU will have on its combined financial statements.

In April 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-08, “Presentation of Financial Statements and Property, Plant, and Equipment: Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity.” This ASU changes the requirements for reporting discontinued operations in Accounting Standards Codification Subtopic 205-20, and now requires a disposal of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity to be reported in discontinued operations only if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results. There will also be additional disclosures required. The amendments in this ASU are effective prospectively for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2014. The significance of this guidance for MFS is dependent on any future disposals.