Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

INCOME TAXES

Components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes are as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2020
Current provision (benefit):
Federal	$	41.0	$	66.1	$	(38.7)
State and local	19.7		18.5		3.0
Foreign	—		0.1		0.1
	60.7		84.7		(35.6)
Deferred provision:
Federal	79.9		7.5		28.7
State and local	28.8		2.3		1.5
Foreign	—		—		0.1
	108.7		9.8		30.3
Income tax provision (benefit)	$	169.4	$	94.5	$	(5.3)

Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes were as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2020
Domestic	$	608.9	$	343.7	$	8.2
Foreign	(0.1)		(0.1)		(0.2)
Income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes	$	608.8	$	343.6	$	8.0

Our income tax provision (benefit) is different from the amount computed by applying the federal statutory income tax rate to income from continuing operations before taxes as follows:

	Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2020
Federal statutory tax on earnings before income taxes	$	127.9	$	72.1	$	1.7
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit	32.6		15.8		(0.6)
Non-deductible officer's compensation	7.6		6.4		3.5
Valuation allowance - state and foreign net operating losses	2.5		1.8		1.1
Uncertain tax positions	2.3		0.1		1.7
Re-measurement of deferred taxes	1.3		(1.5)		1.9
Windfall deduction from equity compensation	(2.3)		(1.4)		(1.3)
Net operating loss carry back - CARES Act	—		—		(13.3)
Other	(2.5)		1.2		—
Income tax provision (benefit)	$	169.4	$	94.5	$	(5.3)

The CARES Act provided, among other things, that any net operating loss arising in a tax year beginning in 2018, 2019 or 2020 may be carried back five years or carried forward indefinitely, offsetting up to 100% of taxable income in tax years beginning before 2021. The Company filed a refund claim in 2021 from carrying back our 2020 net operating loss to a year before the statutory corporate tax rate was reduced from 35% to 21% by the Tax Act. Due to the higher statutory rate applied to this net operating loss, the Company recognized an income tax benefit of $13.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:

	December 31,
(in millions)	2022		2021
Deferred tax assets:
§ 163(j) interest expense limitation carryforward	$	18.2	$	—
Lease liabilities	12.6		10.2
Net operating losses and credits carryforward	8.1		8.8
Deferred liabilities	7.4		5.1
Deferred compensation plans	7.0		6.9
Deferred income	3.6		4.7
Research and experimental expenditures	3.0		—
Deferred tax assets	59.9		35.7
Valuation allowance	(5.7)		(3.2)
Net deferred tax asset	54.2		32.5
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment in excess of tax basis	158.7		69.7
Equity investments in excess of tax basis	141.6		128.9
Intangible assets in excess of tax basis	78.1		74.1
Right-of-use assets	12.3		9.9
Other	4.3		2.8
Deferred tax liabilities	395.0		285.4
Net deferred tax liability	$	(340.8)	$	(252.9)

As of December 31, 2022, we had U.S. state and foreign net operating losses with tax values of $7.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively. We have recorded a valuation allowance of $5.7 million due to the fact that it is unlikely that we will generate income in certain state and foreign jurisdictions which is necessary to utilize the deferred tax assets. We also had U.S. state tax credits with a tax value of $1.3 million that do not expire which we expect to fully utilize.

The Internal Revenue Service has completed audits through 2012. Tax years 2019 and after are open to examination. Tax year 2015 and 2018 are open to examination as a result of the Company's claim for refund of 2015 and 2018 tax from carrying back its 2020 net operating loss and 2021 capital loss pursuant to the CARES Act.

As of December 31, 2022, we had approximately $6.4 million of total gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest of $0.5 million. If the total gross unrecognized tax benefits were recognized, there would be a $5.8 million effect to the annual effective tax rate. We anticipate a decrease in our unrecognized tax positions of approximately $2.8 million during the next twelve months primarily due to expected settlements with tax authorities and the expiration of statutes of limitation.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

(in millions)	2022		2021		2020
Balance as of January 1	$	3.9	$	3.9	$	1.8
Additions for tax positions related to the current year	0.1		0.1		0.1
Additions for tax positions of prior years	2.9		1.0		2.6
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(0.5)		(1.1)		(0.6)
Balance as of December 31	$	6.4	$	3.9	$	3.9