SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Dec. 31, 2024

Dec. 31, 2024

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments including normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented in accordance with US GAAP. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year. Therefore, these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company has made certain revisions to the prior period information presented within the condensed consolidated financial statements to present 6,200 preferred exchangeable shares and 530,924 common exchangeable shares issued and outstanding (Note 5). The revisions had no effect on total liabilities, stockholders’ deficit or net loss after taxes as previously reported.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the consolidated financial statements of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and are the consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries, each of which are controlled, and are based on the financial position and results of operations of the Company as a standalone company. Intercompany balances and transactions between consolidated entities have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. The Company believes that the estimates, judgments and assumptions made when accounting for items and matters such as, but not limited to, revenue recognition, determination of deferred income for government assistance, VIE determination, useful life of property and equipment and intangible assets, fair value of stock options granted, recognition of deferred income tax assets, determination of incremental borrowing rate used to measure lease liabilities, warrants, embedded derivatives in convertible notes, are reasonable based on information available at the time they are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as amounts reported on the statements of operations during the periods presented. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. The Company believes that the estimates, judgments and assumptions made when accounting for items and matters such as, but not limited to, revenue recognition, determination of deferred income for government assistance, VIE determination, useful life of property and equipment and intangible assets, fair value of stock options granted, recognition of deferred income tax assets, determination of incremental borrowing rate used to measure lease liabilities, warrants, embedded derivatives in convertible notes, are reasonable based on information available at the time they are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as amounts reported on the statements of operations during the periods presented. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents represent short-term, highly liquid investments, which are readily convertible to cash and have maturities of 90 days or less at time of purchase. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held with major financial institutions and earn interest at the prevailing rate for business operating accounts.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risks

The Company’s cash accounts in a financial institution may at times exceed the Federal Depository Insurance coverage of $250,000. At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company’s cash balances exceeded FDIC insured limits by $27.5 million and $2.7 million, respectively. No losses have been incurred to date on any deposit balance.

Concentration of Credit Risks

The Company’s cash accounts in a financial institution may at times exceed the Federal Depository Insurance coverage of $250,000. No losses have been incurred to date on any deposit balance.

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, one customer accounted for 100% of the Company’s revenue and accounts receivable balances.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company’s tax provision consists of taxes currently payable or receivable, plus a change during the period in deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settles. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. In addition, a valuation allowance is established to reduce any deferred tax asset for which it is determined that is it more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

During the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Accounting for income taxes requires a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if available evidence indicates it is more likely than not that the tax position will be fully sustained upon review by taxing authorities, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount with a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. For tax positions that are 50 percent or less likely of being sustained upon audit, the Company does not recognize any portion of that benefit in the financial statements.

Net Income per Ordinary Share

Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. The two-class method determines net income (loss) per share for each class of common and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires income (loss) available to common stockholders for the period to be allocated between common and participating securities based upon their respective rights to shares in undistributed earnings as if all income (loss) for the period had been distributed. The Company’s preferred stock does not contractually require the holders of such stock to participate in losses of the Company. Accordingly, in periods in which the Company reports a net loss attributable to common stockholders, such losses are not allocated to such participating securities.

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of this calculation, stock options and warrants have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect is anti-dilutive for all periods presented.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities. The two-class method determines net income (loss) per share for each class of common and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires income (loss) available to common stockholders for the period to be allocated between common and participating securities based upon their respective rights to shares in undistributed earnings as if all income (loss) for the period had been distributed. The Company’s preferred stock does not contractually require the holders of such stock to participate in losses of the Company. Accordingly, in periods in which the Company reports a net loss attributable to common stockholders, such losses are not allocated to such participating securities.

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of this calculation, stock options and warrants have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders as their effect is anti-dilutive for all periods presented.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has assessed the adoption impacts of recently issued accounting standards by the Financial Accounting Standards Board on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as well as material updates to previous assessments, if any, to the Company’s annual audited consolidated financial statements and notes for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, and noted no changes.

In July 2025, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2025-05, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. The ASU introduces a practical expedient that allows entities to assume current economic conditions remain unchanged over the life of an asset when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments also permit certain non-public entities to make an accounting policy election to consider post-balance-sheet collections when applying the expedient. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments are applied prospectively to eligible assets existing on or arising after the date of adoption. The Company does not currently have accounts receivable or contract assets arising from ASC 606 transactions. Accordingly, the adoption of ASU 2025-05 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The Company will continue to monitor future activity and evaluate the applicability of this guidance if accounts receivable or contract assets arise in future periods.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, requiring public entities to disclose information about their reportable segments’ significant expenses and other segment items on an interim and annual basis. Public entities with a single reportable segment are required to apply the disclosure requirements in ASU 2023-07, as well as all existing segment disclosures and reconciliation requirements in ASC 280 on an interim and annual basis. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 during the year ended December 31, 2024. See Note 15, Segment Information in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for further detail.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09 (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as an expansion of other income tax disclosures. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Issued in November 2024, ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (Subtopic 220-40), requires the disaggregated disclosure of specific expense categories, including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and amortization, within relevant income statement captions. This ASU also requires disclosure of the total amount of selling expenses along with the definition of selling expenses. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Adoption of this ASU can either be applied prospectively to consolidated financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date of this ASU or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-03 (Topics 805 and 810), Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a Variable Interest Entity. The ASU modifies the guidance for identifying the accounting acquirer in business combinations involving a variable interest entity (VIE) by requiring entities to evaluate the existing business combination indicators when the VIE is a business and equity interests are exchanged. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Other than as described above, no accounting pronouncements issued or effective during the year ended December 31, 2024, has had or is expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

HCM II Acquisition Corp

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the SEC on March 31, 2025. The interim results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025 or for any future periods.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying financial statement is presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the accounting and disclosure rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Emerging Growth Company

Emerging Growth Company

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statement with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statement in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statement and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had $350,389 and $668,089 in cash and no cash equivalents as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had $668,089 in cash as of December 31, 2024.

Marketable Securities held in Trust Account

Marketable Securities Held in Trust Account

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the assets held in the Trust Account, amounting to $242,642,972 and $235,193,585, were held in a Money Market Mutual Fund, respectively.

Marketable Securities held in Trust Account

As of December 31, 2024, the assets held in the Trust Account, amounting to $235,193,585, were held in a money market mutual fund.

Offering Costs

Offering Costs

The Company complies with the requirements of the ASC 340-10-S99 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5A, “Expenses of Offering.” Deferred offering costs consist principally of professional and registration fees that are related to the Initial Public Offering. FASB ASC 470-20, “Debt with Conversion and Other Options,” addresses the allocation of proceeds from the issuance of convertible debt into its equity and debt components. The Company applies this guidance to allocate Initial Public Offering proceeds from the Units between Class A ordinary shares and warrants, using the residual method by allocating Initial Public Offering proceeds first to assigned value of the warrants and then to the Class A ordinary shares. Offering costs allocated to the Class A ordinary shares were charged to temporary equity and offering costs allocated to the Public and Private Placement Warrants were charged to shareholders’ equity as Public and Private Placement Warrants after management’s evaluation were accounted for under equity treatment.

Offering Costs

The Company complies with the requirements of the ASC 340-10-S99 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5A, “Expenses of Offering.” Deferred offering costs consist principally of professional and registration fees that are related to the Initial Public Offering. FASB ASC 470-20, “Debt with Conversion and Other Options,” addresses the allocation of proceeds from the issuance of convertible debt into its equity and debt components. The Company applies this guidance to allocate Initial Public Offering proceeds from the Units between Class A ordinary shares and warrants, using the residual method by allocating Initial Public Offering proceeds first to assigned value of the warrants and then to the Class A ordinary shares. Offering costs allocated to the Class A ordinary shares were charged to temporary equity and offering costs allocated to the Public and Private Placement Warrants were charged to shareholders’ equity as Public and Private Placement Warrants after management’s evaluation were accounted for under equity treatment.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under FASB ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, primarily due to their short-term nature.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under FASB ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the balance sheet, primarily due to their short-term nature.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution, which, at times, may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation coverage limit of $250,000. Any loss incurred or a lack of access to such funds could have a significant adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution, which, at times, may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation coverage limit of $250,000. Any loss incurred or a lack of access to such funds could have a significant adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in future taxable or deductible amounts, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. ASC Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company’s management determined that the Cayman Islands is the Company’s major tax jurisdiction. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to

unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.

The Company is considered to be an exempted Cayman Islands company with no connection to any other taxable jurisdiction and is presently not subject to income taxes or income tax filing requirements in the Cayman Islands or the United States. As such, the Company’s tax provision was zero for the period presented.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in future taxable or deductible amounts, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. ASC Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company’s management determined that the Cayman Islands is the Company’s major tax jurisdiction. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. As of December 31, 2024, there were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.

The Company is considered to be an exempted Cayman Islands company with no connection to any other taxable jurisdiction and is presently not subject to income taxes or income tax filing requirements in the Cayman Islands or the United States. As such, the Company’s tax provision was zero for the period presented.

Net Income per Ordinary Share

Net Income per Ordinary Share

The Company complies with accounting and disclosure requirements of FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share.” Net income per ordinary share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of ordinary shares outstanding for the period. The Company has two classes of ordinary shares, which are referred to as Class A ordinary Shares and Class B ordinary shares. Accretion associated with the redeemable shares of Class A Ordinary Shares is excluded from income per ordinary share as the redemption value approximates fair value.

The following tables reflect the calculation of basic and diluted net income per ordinary share (in dollars, except per share amounts):

	For the
	Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2025				September 30, 2025
	Class A		Class B		Class A		Class B
Basic and diluted net income per ordinary share
Numerator:
Allocation of net income	$	1,542,271	$	385,568	$	2,575,092	$	643,773
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares outstanding		23,000,000		5,750,000		23,000,000		5,750,000
Basic and diluted net income per ordinary share	$	0.07	$	0.07	$	0.11	$	0.11

	For the Three Months
	Ended				For the Period from April 4, 2024
	September 30, 2024				(Inception) Through September 30, 2024
	Class A		Class B		Class A		Class B
Basic net income per ordinary share
Numerator:
Allocation of net income	$	694,846	$	376,375	$	498,886	$	519,672
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares outstanding		10,615,385		5,750,000		5,396,648		5,621,508
Basic net income per ordinary share	$	0.07	$	0.07	$	0.09	$	0.09

	For the Three Months
	Ended				For the Period from April 4, 2024
	September 30, 2024				(Inception) Through September 30, 2024
	Class A		Class B		Class A		Class B
Diluted net income per ordinary share
Numerator:
Allocation of net income	$	694,846	$	376,375	$	510,005	$	508,553
Denominator:
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		10,615,385		5,750,000		5,396,648		5,621,508
Diluted net income per ordinary share	$	0.07	$	0.07	$	0.09	$	0.09

Net Income per Ordinary Share

The Company complies with accounting and disclosure requirements of FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share.” Net income per ordinary share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of ordinary shares outstanding for the period. The Company has two classes of ordinary shares, which are referred to as redeemable Class A Ordinary Shares and non-redeemable Class B ordinary shares. Accretion associated with the redeemable shares of Class A Ordinary Shares is excluded from income per ordinary share as the redemption value approximates fair value.

The following tables reflect the calculation of basic and diluted net income per ordinary share (in dollars, except per share amounts):

	For the Period from April 4, 2024
	(Inception) Through
	December 31,
	2024
	Class A		Class B
Basic and diluted net income per ordinary share
Numerator:
Allocation of net income	$	2,325,597	$	1,083,191
Denominator:
Basic weighted average shares outstanding		11,372,694		5,297,048
Basic net income per ordinary share	$	0.20	$	0.20

Warrant Instruments

Warrant Instruments

The Company accounted for the 11,500,000 Public and 6,850,000 Private Placement Warrants issued in connection with the Initial Public Offering and the private placement in accordance with the guidance contained in FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. Accordingly, the Company evaluated and classified the warrant instruments under equity treatment at their assigned values. Such guidance provides that the warrants described above were not precluded from equity classification. Equity-classified contracts are initially measured at fair value (or allocated value). Subsequent changes in fair value are not recognized as long as the contracts continue to be classified in equity in accordance with ASC 480 and ASC 815.

Class A Redeemable Share Classification

Class A Redeemable Share Classification

The public shares contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such public shares in connection with the Company’s liquidation, or if there is a shareholder vote or tender offer in connection with the Company’s initial Business Combination. In accordance with ASC 480-10-S99, the Company classifies public shares subject to redemption outside of permanent equity as the redemption provisions are not solely within the control of the Company. The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and will adjust the carrying value of redeemable shares to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Immediately upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company recognized the accretion from initial book value to redemption amount value. The change in the carrying value of redeemable shares will result in charges against additional paid-in capital (to the extent available) and accumulated deficit. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the shareholders’ deficit section of the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Class A ordinary shares subject to redemption reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets are reconciled in the following table:

Gross proceeds	$	230,000,000
Less:
Proceeds allocated to Public Warrants		(529,000)
Class A ordinary shares issuance costs		(15,341,097)
Plus:
Accretion of carrying value to redemption value		21,063,682
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, December 31, 2024		235,193,585
Plus:
Accretion of carrying value to redemption value		2,462,864
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, March 31, 2025		237,656,449
Plus:
Accretion of carrying value to redemption value		2,477,726
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, June 30, 2025		240,134,175
Plus:
Accretion of carrying value to redemption value		2,508,797
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, September 30, 2025	$	242,642,972

Class A Redeemable Share Classification

The public shares contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such public shares in connection with the Company’s liquidation, or if there is a shareholder vote or tender offer in connection with the Company’s initial Business Combination. In accordance with ASC 480-10-S99, the Company classifies public shares subject to redemption outside of permanent equity as the redemption provisions are not solely within the control of the Company. The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and will adjust the carrying value of redeemable shares to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Immediately upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company recognized the accretion from initial book value to redemption amount value. The change in the carrying value of redeemable shares will result in charges against additional paid-in capital (to the extent available) and accumulated deficit. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2024, Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the shareholders’ deficit section of the Company’s balance sheet. As of December 31, 2024, the Class A ordinary shares subject to redemption reflected in the balance sheet are reconciled in the following table:

Gross proceeds	$	230,000,000
Less:
Proceeds allocated to Public Warrants		(529,000)
Class A ordinary shares issuance costs		(15,341,097)
Plus:
Accretion of carrying value to redemption value		21,063,682
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, December 31, 2024	$	235,193,585

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2024-03, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses”, requiring public entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements on an interim and annual basis. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2024-03.

Management does not believe that any recently other issued, but not effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting” (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU require disclosures, on an annual and interim basis, of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating officer decision maker (“CODM”), as well as the aggregate amount of other segment items included in the reported measure of segment profit or loss. The ASU requires that a public entity disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. Public entities will be required to provide all annual disclosures currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods, and entities with a single reportable segment are required to provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this ASU and existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted.

Management does not believe that any recently other issued, but not effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s financial statement.