Income Taxes (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Income Taxes [Line Items]

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

Presented in the following table is a reconciliation of the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to the effective income tax rate from continuing operations:

Nine Months Ended September 30	2025			2024
CMS Energy, including Consumers
U.S. federal income tax rate		21.0	%		21.0	%
Increase (decrease) in income taxes from:
State and local income taxes, net of federal effect1		7.2			5.4
Renewable energy tax credits		(5.7)			(6.3)
TCJA excess deferred taxes		(3.5)			(3.8)
Deferred tax adjustment2		—			(1.9)
Taxes attributable to noncontrolling interests		1.2			1.1
Other, net		0.1			(0.2)
Effective tax rate		20.3	%		15.3	%
Consumers
U.S. federal income tax rate		21.0	%		21.0	%
Increase (decrease) in income taxes from:
State and local income taxes, net of federal effect1		6.5			5.0
Renewable energy tax credits		(3.6)			(4.4)
TCJA excess deferred taxes		(3.0)			(3.5)
Deferred tax adjustment2		—			(1.8)
Other, net		(0.2)			(0.2)
Effective tax rate		20.7	%		16.1	%

1In June 2025, state deferred tax balances were increased by $12 million to reflect a change in Illinois tax policy that establishes nexus for Consumers. The policy change is effective for tax years beginning January 1, 2026.

2In September 2024, Consumers recognized a $16 million tax benefit resulting from the expiration of the statute of limitations associated with audit points for the 2018 and 2019 tax years.

Consumers Energy Company

Income Taxes [Line Items]

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

Presented in the following table is a reconciliation of the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to the effective income tax rate from continuing operations:

Nine Months Ended September 30	2025			2024
CMS Energy, including Consumers
U.S. federal income tax rate		21.0	%		21.0	%
Increase (decrease) in income taxes from:
State and local income taxes, net of federal effect1		7.2			5.4
Renewable energy tax credits		(5.7)			(6.3)
TCJA excess deferred taxes		(3.5)			(3.8)
Deferred tax adjustment2		—			(1.9)
Taxes attributable to noncontrolling interests		1.2			1.1
Other, net		0.1			(0.2)
Effective tax rate		20.3	%		15.3	%
Consumers
U.S. federal income tax rate		21.0	%		21.0	%
Increase (decrease) in income taxes from:
State and local income taxes, net of federal effect1		6.5			5.0
Renewable energy tax credits		(3.6)			(4.4)
TCJA excess deferred taxes		(3.0)			(3.5)
Deferred tax adjustment2		—			(1.8)
Other, net		(0.2)			(0.2)
Effective tax rate		20.7	%		16.1	%

1In June 2025, state deferred tax balances were increased by $12 million to reflect a change in Illinois tax policy that establishes nexus for Consumers. The policy change is effective for tax years beginning January 1, 2026.

2In September 2024, Consumers recognized a $16 million tax benefit resulting from the expiration of the statute of limitations associated with audit points for the 2018 and 2019 tax years.