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Plant, Property, and Equipment (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Public Utility, Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Schedule Of Property, Plant And Equipment
Presented in the following table are details of CMS Energy’s and Consumers’ plant, property, and equipment:
In Millions
December 31Estimated
Depreciable
Life in Years		20222021
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Plant, property, and equipment, gross
Consumers
3 - 125
$29,342 $28,771 
NorthStar Clean Energy
Independent power production1
3 - 40
1,124 1,121 
Assets under finance leases2
24 — 
Other
3 - 5
1 1 
Plant, property, and equipment, gross$30,491 $29,893 
Construction work in progress1,182 961 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(8,960)(8,502)
Total plant, property, and equipment3
$22,713 $22,352 
Consumers
Plant, property, and equipment, gross
Electric
Generation
15 - 125
$5,780 $6,704 
Distribution
15 - 75
10,590 9,815 
Other
5 - 55
1,374 1,309 
Assets under finance leases2
126 319 
Gas
Distribution
20 - 85
6,951 6,338 
Transmission
17 - 75
2,440 2,319 
Underground storage facilities4
27 - 75
1,197 1,117 
Other
5 - 55
835 814 
Assets under finance leases2
20 13 
Other non-utility property
3 - 51
29 23 
Plant, property, and equipment, gross$29,342 $28,771 
Construction work in progress994 915 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(8,791)(8,371)
Total plant, property, and equipment2
$21,545 $21,315 
1A portion of independent power production assets are leased to others under operating leases. For information regarding CMS Energy’s operating leases of owned assets, see Note 8, Leases.
2For information regarding the amortization terms of CMS Energy’s and Consumers’ assets under finance leases, see Note 8, Leases.
3Consumers’ plant additions were $2.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022 and $2.4 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021. Consumers’ plant retirements, which include the impact of disallowances and transfers to held for sale, were $290 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and $361 million
for the year ended December 31, 2021. Consumers plans to retire the J.H. Campbell 1, 2, & 3 coal-fueled electric generating units in 2025. Accordingly, in 2022, Consumers removed from total plant, property, and equipment $1.3 billion, representing the remaining book value of the three units upon their retirement, and recorded it as a regulatory asset. For additional details, see Note 2, Regulatory Matters.
4Underground storage includes base natural gas of $26 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021. Base natural gas is not subject to depreciation.
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class Table Presented in the following table are details about Consumers’ intangible assets:
In Millions
DescriptionAmortization Life in YearsDecember 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Gross Cost1
Accumulated Amortization
Gross Cost1
Accumulated Amortization
Consumers
Software development
3 - 15
$846 $593 $840 $592 
Rights of way
50 - 85
218 61 211 60 
Franchises and consents
5 - 50
16 10 16 10 
Leasehold improvements
various2
9 6 9 6 
Other intangiblesvarious25 16 26 16 
Total$1,114 $686 $1,102 $684 
1Consumers’ intangible asset additions were $116 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and $88 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Consumers’ intangible asset retirements were $104 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and $91 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
2Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of the lease, which may change whenever the lease is renewed or extended.
Public Utilities Property Plant and Equipment Schedule of Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization Table Presented in the following table are further details about CMS Energy’s and Consumers’ accumulated depreciation and amortization:
In Millions
Years Ended December 3120222021
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Utility plant assets$8,785 $8,366 
Non-utility plant assets175 136 
Consumers
Utility plant assets$8,785 $8,366 
Non-utility plant assets6 5 
Schedule Of Depreciation And Amortization
Presented in the following table are the components of CMS Energy’s and Consumers’ depreciation and amortization expense:
In Millions
Years Ended December 31202220212020
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Depreciation expense – plant, property, and equipment$990 $975 $901 
Amortization expense
Software103 108 112 
Other intangible assets5 4 4 
Securitized regulatory assets28 27 26 
Total depreciation and amortization expense$1,126 $1,114 $1,043 
Consumers
Depreciation expense – plant, property, and equipment$952 $938 $881 
Amortization expense
Software103 108 112 
Other intangible assets5 4 4 
Securitized regulatory assets28 27 26 
Total depreciation and amortization expense$1,088 $1,077 $1,023 
Schedule Of Estimated Amortization Expense For Intangibles
Presented in the following table is Consumers’ estimated amortization expense on intangible assets for each of the next five years:
In Millions
20232024202520262027
Consumers
Intangible asset amortization expense$96 $82 $80 $76 $64 
Consumers Energy Company  
Public Utility, Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]  
Schedule Of Property, Plant And Equipment
Presented in the following table are details of CMS Energy’s and Consumers’ plant, property, and equipment:
In Millions
December 31Estimated
Depreciable
Life in Years		20222021
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Plant, property, and equipment, gross
Consumers
3 - 125
$29,342 $28,771 
NorthStar Clean Energy
Independent power production1
3 - 40
1,124 1,121 
Assets under finance leases2
24 — 
Other
3 - 5
1 1 
Plant, property, and equipment, gross$30,491 $29,893 
Construction work in progress1,182 961 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(8,960)(8,502)
Total plant, property, and equipment3
$22,713 $22,352 
Consumers
Plant, property, and equipment, gross
Electric
Generation
15 - 125
$5,780 $6,704 
Distribution
15 - 75
10,590 9,815 
Other
5 - 55
1,374 1,309 
Assets under finance leases2
126 319 
Gas
Distribution
20 - 85
6,951 6,338 
Transmission
17 - 75
2,440 2,319 
Underground storage facilities4
27 - 75
1,197 1,117 
Other
5 - 55
835 814 
Assets under finance leases2
20 13 
Other non-utility property
3 - 51
29 23 
Plant, property, and equipment, gross$29,342 $28,771 
Construction work in progress994 915 
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(8,791)(8,371)
Total plant, property, and equipment2
$21,545 $21,315 
1A portion of independent power production assets are leased to others under operating leases. For information regarding CMS Energy’s operating leases of owned assets, see Note 8, Leases.
2For information regarding the amortization terms of CMS Energy’s and Consumers’ assets under finance leases, see Note 8, Leases.
3Consumers’ plant additions were $2.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022 and $2.4 billion for the year ended December 31, 2021. Consumers’ plant retirements, which include the impact of disallowances and transfers to held for sale, were $290 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and $361 million
for the year ended December 31, 2021. Consumers plans to retire the J.H. Campbell 1, 2, & 3 coal-fueled electric generating units in 2025. Accordingly, in 2022, Consumers removed from total plant, property, and equipment $1.3 billion, representing the remaining book value of the three units upon their retirement, and recorded it as a regulatory asset. For additional details, see Note 2, Regulatory Matters.
4Underground storage includes base natural gas of $26 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021. Base natural gas is not subject to depreciation.
Assets Under Finance Leases: Presented in the following table are further details about changes in CMS Energy’s and Consumers’ assets under finance leases:
In Millions
Years Ended December 3120222021
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Balance at beginning of period$332 $336 
Additions44 — 
Net retirements and other adjustments(206)(4)
Balance at end of period$170 $332 
Consumers
Balance at beginning of period$332 $336 
Additions20 — 
Net retirements and other adjustments(206)(4)
Balance at end of period$146 $332 
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class Table Presented in the following table are details about Consumers’ intangible assets:
In Millions
DescriptionAmortization Life in YearsDecember 31, 2022December 31, 2021
Gross Cost1
Accumulated Amortization
Gross Cost1
Accumulated Amortization
Consumers
Software development
3 - 15
$846 $593 $840 $592 
Rights of way
50 - 85
218 61 211 60 
Franchises and consents
5 - 50
16 10 16 10 
Leasehold improvements
various2
9 6 9 6 
Other intangiblesvarious25 16 26 16 
Total$1,114 $686 $1,102 $684 
1Consumers’ intangible asset additions were $116 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and $88 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Consumers’ intangible asset retirements were $104 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and $91 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
2Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of the lease, which may change whenever the lease is renewed or extended.
Public Utilities, Allowance For Funds Used During Construction Average Rate Presented in the following table are Consumers’ average AFUDC capitalization rates:
Years Ended December 31202220212020
Electric6.2 %6.2 %6.9 %
Gas5.6 5.6 5.7 
Public Utilities Property Plant and Equipment Schedule of Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization Table Presented in the following table are further details about CMS Energy’s and Consumers’ accumulated depreciation and amortization:
In Millions
Years Ended December 3120222021
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Utility plant assets$8,785 $8,366 
Non-utility plant assets175 136 
Consumers
Utility plant assets$8,785 $8,366 
Non-utility plant assets6 5 
Public Utilities Property Plant and Equipment Schedule of Composite Depreciation Rate Table Presented in the following table are the composite depreciation rates for Consumers’ segment properties:
Years Ended December 31202220212020
Electric utility property3.7 %3.9 %3.9 %
Gas utility property2.9 2.9 2.9 
Other property8.9 9.4 9.8 
Schedule Of Depreciation And Amortization
Presented in the following table are the components of CMS Energy’s and Consumers’ depreciation and amortization expense:
In Millions
Years Ended December 31202220212020
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Depreciation expense – plant, property, and equipment$990 $975 $901 
Amortization expense
Software103 108 112 
Other intangible assets5 4 4 
Securitized regulatory assets28 27 26 
Total depreciation and amortization expense$1,126 $1,114 $1,043 
Consumers
Depreciation expense – plant, property, and equipment$952 $938 $881 
Amortization expense
Software103 108 112 
Other intangible assets5 4 4 
Securitized regulatory assets28 27 26 
Total depreciation and amortization expense$1,088 $1,077 $1,023 
Schedule Of Estimated Amortization Expense For Intangibles
Presented in the following table is Consumers’ estimated amortization expense on intangible assets for each of the next five years:
In Millions
20232024202520262027
Consumers
Intangible asset amortization expense$96 $82 $80 $76 $64 
Jointly Owned Regulated Utility Facilities
Presented in the following table are Consumers’ investments in jointly owned regulated utility facilities at December 31, 2022:
In Millions, Except Ownership Share
J.H. Campbell Unit 3LudingtonOther
Ownership share93.3 %51.0 %various
Utility plant in service$1,767 $591 $412 
Accumulated depreciation(816)(210)(93)
Construction work in progress10 21 21 
Net investment$961 $402 $340