S-1 1 tm248173-8_s1.htm S-1 tm248173-8_s1 - none - 36.9946746s
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 14, 2024.
Registration No. 333     
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
CONCENTRA GROUP HOLDINGS PARENT, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
8093
30-1006613
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
4714 Gettysburg Road, P.O. Box 2034
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
(717) 972-1100
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
Michael E. Tarvin
Concentra Group Holdings Parent, Inc.
4714 Gettysburg Road, P.O. Box 2034
Mechanicsburg, PA 17055
(717) 972-1100
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
Stephen M. Leitzell
Anna Tomczyk
Dechert LLP
2929 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104
(215) 994-2621
Nathan Ajiashvili
Alison Haggerty
Latham & Watkins LLP
1271 Avenue of Americas
New York, NY 10020
(212) 906-1200
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box: ☐
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion, Dated June 14, 2024
Preliminary Prospectus
           Shares
[MISSING IMAGE: lg_concentra-4clr.jpg]
CONCENTRA GROUP HOLDINGS PARENT, INC.
Common Stock
This is an initial public offering of shares of common stock of Concentra Group Holdings Parent, Inc. We are offering           shares of our common stock to be sold in this offering. The estimated initial public offering price is between $      and $      per share of our common stock. Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for shares of our common stock.
We intend to apply to list our shares of common stock on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol “CON”. This offering is contingent upon the listing of our shares of common stock on the NYSE.
In connection with this offering, we will issue common stock representing not more than 19.9% of our common stock outstanding, with Select Medical Corporation (“SMC”) maintaining ownership of at least 80.1% of our common stock. As a result, we will be a “controlled company” as defined under the corporate governance rules of the NYSE and will be exempt from certain corporate governance requirements of such rules. See “Management — Controlled Company Exemption.”
We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to repay (i) $      million of the intercompany note held by SMC and (ii) $      million of the principal amount of a promissory note issued to SMC as a dividend in connection with the Debt Financing. We will not use any of the net proceeds of this offering towards business operations and development as a result. See “Use of Proceeds” for additional information.
Per Share
Total
Initial public offering price
$      $     
Underwriting discounts and commissions(1)
$ $
Proceeds to us, before expenses
$ $
(1)
See “Underwriting” for a description of compensation to be paid to the underwriters.
We have granted the underwriters an option for a period of 30 days from the date of this prospectus to purchase up to an additional           shares of our common stock from us at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions.
Investing in shares of our common stock involves risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 24 to read about factors you should consider before purchasing shares of our common stock.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission or other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of common stock against payment in New York, New York on or about           , 2024.
J.P. Morgan
Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC
BofA Securities
Deutsche Bank Securities
Wells Fargo Securities
Mizuho
RBC Capital Markets
Truist Securities
Capital One Securities
Fifth Third Securities
PNC Capital Markets LLC
Prospectus dated            , 2024

 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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F-1
Neither we nor any of the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus, any amendment or supplement to this prospectus or any free writing prospectus prepared by us or on our behalf. We and the underwriters take no responsibility for, and cannot assure you as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the shares of our common stock offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so.
The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of shares of our common stock. Our business, results of operations or financial condition may have changed since that date.
For investors outside the United States:   Neither we nor any of the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the shares of our common stock and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.
 
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
In connection with this offering, we will issue common stock representing not more than 19.9% of our common stock outstanding, with SMC maintaining ownership of at least 80.1% of our common stock (the “Separation”). Select Medical Holdings Corporation (“Select”) has informed us that, following the completion of this offering, it intends to make a tax-free distribution to its stockholders of all its remaining equity interest in us in connection with the Distribution, as defined herein. In connection with the Separation, we will enter into a transition services agreement with Select pursuant to which Select will provide us with certain compliance, human resources, information technology, accounting, tax and other administrative services. See “The Separation and Distribution Transactions — The Separation.”
As part of the Separation, we will pay SMC all of the net proceeds that we will receive from the sale of shares of our common stock in this offering, including any net proceeds that we may receive as a result of any exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of our common stock from us, in order to repay related party debt owed to SMC, and SMC or Select will further use those proceeds to pay down current Select indebtedness outstanding. For further information, see “Use of Proceeds.”
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, (1) references in this prospectus to the “Company,” “Concentra,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Concentra Group Holdings Parent, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates assuming the completion of the Separation and (2) references in this prospectus to “Select” or “Parent” refer to Select Medical Holdings Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries other than Concentra Group Holdings Parent, Inc. and Concentra Group Holdings Parent, Inc.’s consolidated subsidiaries.
In addition, unless the context otherwise requires, statements relating to our history in this prospectus describe the history of Concentra and forward-looking statements assume the completion of all the transactions described in this prospectus, including the Separation.
Trademarks, Trade Names and Service Marks
We own or have rights to trademarks, service marks or tradenames that we use in connection with the operation of our business, including our corporate names, logos and website names. Other trademarks, service marks and tradenames appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, trademarks, service marks and tradenames referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ®, or SM symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the right of the applicable licensor to these trademarks, service marks and tradenames.
Basis of Presentation
Since 2015, we have operated as part of Select’s consolidated business. The financial information included in this prospectus has been prepared from Select’s historical accounting records and is derived from the consolidated financial statements of Select to present Concentra as if it had been operating on a standalone basis. The historical consolidated financial statements (together with the notes thereto, the “consolidated financial statements”) reflect our financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses based on our legal entity structure as well as direct and indirect costs that are attributable to our operations. Indirect costs are the costs of support functions that are partially provided on a centralized basis by Select and its affiliates, which include finance, human resources, benefits administration, procurement support, information technology, legal, corporate governance, and other professional services. Indirect costs have been allocated to us for the purposes of preparing the consolidated financial statements based on a specific identification basis or, when specific identification is not practicable, a proportional cost allocation method, primarily based on headcount or other allocation methodologies that are considered to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by us during the periods presented, depending on the nature of the services received.
The financial information included in this prospectus may not necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows would have been had we been a standalone company during
 
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the periods presented, including changes that will occur in our operations and capital structure as a result of this offering and the Separation. In addition, the financial information included in this prospectus may not necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be in the future. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Separation and the Distribution — We have no recent history of operating as a standalone public company, and our historical and pro forma financial information may not necessarily reflect the results that we would have achieved as a standalone public company or what our results may be in the future.”
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin, as defined herein, are important to investors because Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are commonly used as analytical indicators of performance by investors within the healthcare industry. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are used by management to evaluate financial performance of, and determine resource allocation for, each of our operating segments. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are not measures of financial performance under U.S. GAAP. Items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are significant components in understanding and assessing financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin should not be considered in isolation, or as alternatives to, or substitutes for, net income, net income margin, income from operations, cash flows generated by operations, investing or financing activities, or other financial statement data presented in the consolidated financial statements as indicators of financial performance or liquidity. Because Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are not measurements determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP and are thus susceptible to varying definitions, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin as presented may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.
We define Adjusted EBITDA as earnings excluding interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, gain (loss) on early retirement of debt, stock compensation expense, gain (loss) on sale of businesses, and equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated subsidiaries. We define Adjusted EBITDA margin as Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue.
We present COVID-adjusted EBITDA because we believe that this presentation provides a useful indicator of our financial performance for the periods presented excluding the effects of the nonrecurring income in 2021 and 2022 resulting specifically from the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative to, or substitute for, net income, income from operations, cash flows generated by operations, investing or financing activities, or other financial statement data presented in the consolidated financial statements as indicators of financial performance or liquidity. Because COVID-adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP and is thus susceptible to varying definitions, COVID-adjusted EBITDA as presented may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.
For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA, COVID-adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin to net income and net income margin, the most directly comparable financial measure presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Non-GAAP Information.”
 
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights information included elsewhere in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information you should consider before making an investment decision to purchase shares of our common stock. You should read this entire prospectus carefully, including the sections entitled “Risk Factors,” “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” “Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Combined Financial Statements” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” as well as our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus, before making an investment decision to purchase shares of our common stock.
Company Overview
We were founded in 1979 and have grown to be the largest provider of occupational health services in the United States by number of locations. Our national presence enables us to provide access to high-quality care that supports our mission to improve the health of America’s workforce. As of March 31, 2024, we operated 547 stand-alone occupational health centers in 41 states and 151 onsite health clinics at employer worksites in 37 states. We also have expanded our reach via our telemedicine program serving 43 states and the District of Columbia. In total, we deliver services across 45 states and the District of Columbia. We had approximately 11,000 colleagues and affiliated physicians and clinicians as of December 31, 2023 who supported the delivery of an extensive suite of services, including occupational and consumer health services and other direct-to-employer care, to more than 50,000 patients each business day on average during 2023. Our patients are generally employed by our main customers — employers across the United States.
Our business is organized into three operating segments based primarily on the type or location of occupational health services provided:

Occupational Health Centers:   Our Occupational Health Centers segment encompasses the occupational health services we deliver at our 547 health center facilities across the United States. In this segment, we serve all types of employers, from Fortune 500 to small businesses.

Onsite Health Clinics:   Our Onsite Health Clinics segment delivers occupational health services and/or employer-sponsored primary care services at an employer’s workplace, including mobile health services and episodic specialty testing services — we deliver our services at 151 on-site locations. In this segment, we serve medium to large-sized employers.

Other Businesses:   Our Other Businesses segment is comprised of several complementary services to our core occupational health services offering and includes Concentra Telemed®, Concentra Pharmacy and Concentra Medical Compliance Administration. In this segment, we serve all types of employers.
As a percentage of revenue for each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023, our Occupational Health Centers, Onsite Health Clinics and Other Businesses segments represent approximately 95%, 3% and 2%, respectively. Together, all operating segments are aggregated into a single reportable segment in our consolidated financial statements based on similar services provided, service delivery process involved, target customers, and similar economic characteristics.
Across our operating segments, we offer a diverse and comprehensive array of occupational health services, including workers’ compensation, employer and consumer health services:

Workers’ compensation services includes the support of workers’ compensation injury and physical rehabilitation care.

Employer Services consist of drug and alcohol screenings, physical examinations and evaluations, clinical testing, and preventive care, as well as direct-to-employer services that include the services described above and advanced primary care at our onsite health clinics.

Consumer Health Services consist of the support of patient-directed urgent care treatment of injuries and illnesses.
For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our workers’ compensation services, employer services, and consumer health services represented approximately 45%, 53%, and 2%, respectively, of our visit per
 
1

 
day (“VPD”) volume. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our workers’ compensation services, employer services, and consumer health services represented approximately 64%, 34%, and 2%, respectively, of visit-related revenue in our Occupational Health Centers segment.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, our workers’ compensation services, employer services, and consumer health services represented approximately 44%, 54%, and 2%, respectively, of our VPD volume. For the year ended December 31, 2023, our workers’ compensation services, employer services, and consumer health services represented approximately 64%, 34%, and 2%, respectively, of visit-related revenue in our Occupational Health Centers segment. For the year ended December 31, 2023, less than approximately 1% of our visit-related revenue in our Occupational Health Centers segment was attributable to government payor reimbursement.
We partner with approximately 200,000 employers, including 100% of Fortune 100 companies and approximately 95% of the Fortune 500, as of December 31, 2023. Since 2015, we have supported the treatment of approximately 6 million occupational injuries. We currently estimate that we supported the treatment of one in every five workplace injuries in the United States for the year ended December 31, 2022 (based on the latest data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics).1 In the United States, 65% of employer locations are within approximately 12 miles of one of our occupational health centers2 and we have occupational health centers in over 80 of the 100 largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas3, as of December 31, 2023. Our services are used by employers across industries, including transportation, distribution and warehousing, manufacturing, construction, healthcare, and municipal government services, among many others. Utilization is driven by occupations that have historically posed a higher-than-average risk of workplace injury and illness.
We retain and expand existing relationships and attract new employers through demonstrated performance of clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. We believe our success is substantially due to the structures and processes that we have developed with the aim of delivering consistent and high-quality care, which we believe creates a key competitive advantage for us. See “Business — Workers’ Compensation Services — Injury Care”. Guided by our mission to improve the health of America’s workforce, we provide care that supports the delivery of improved health outcomes, reduced employees’ days away from work, and lower workers’ compensation costs.
We ascribe to the philosophy that injured employees recover better through early intervention and a quick return to normal activities. Our methodology focuses on increasing function to expedite the employee’s safe and sustainable return to work, helping lower medical and indemnity claims costs incurred by employers. See “Business — Workers’ Compensation Services”. In 2023, about 95% of injured employees seen by us after their initial visit were recommended for return to work in some capacity on the same day according to our internal data. Additionally, results from workers’ compensation claim studies we conducted show a 25% lower average in total claims costs and 61 fewer days per claim when using our occupational health centers instead of non-Concentra health centers. These claim studies conducted by Concentra during a limited period of time are based on approximately 500,000 closed claims evaluated between 2020 to 2023 for a select number of Concentra customers, including employers and a workers’ compensation insurance carrier, and may not be representative of all industry claims. Of the approximately 500,000 closed claims evaluated between 2020 and 2023, non-Concentra health centers accounted for approximately 412,000 claims. The sample of claims includes workers’ compensation injuries from all states and jurisdictions in which the customers do business and was obtained via the customer’s claims/risk management information system. However, the analysis excludes approximately 7% of claims from the initial survey of approximately 536,000 claims as part of a data validation and quality control process that ensures a comparable claims universe for the analysis. With this data, we compared the total claims cost and case duration of injuries that
1
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational injuries and illnesses industry data (2022) (finding approximately 3.5 million occupational injuries in the U.S. in the 2022). Company’s internal data tracking for 2022 indicated approximately 750,000 total customer visits in the U.S. in connection with occupational injuries.
2
Company’s internal data (Company leveraged data analytics and searched all U.S. zip codes within and outside a 12 mile radius of its centers).
3
U.S. Census Bureau, Metropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals (indicating Company has centers in 80 of the top 100 MSAs).
 
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were treated through Concentra’s network versus all other non-Concentra health centers and the results demonstrate our performance in reducing claims costs and lowering case duration. See “Market and Industry Data”.
Our clinical and operational expertise is the foundation for continued growth. We intend to pursue continued organic growth within our existing occupational health centers and onsite health clinics at employer worksites and to take advantage of opportunities to continue to grow our footprint and base of customers via strategic acquisitions and the opening of new centers in key markets. We are currently building adjacent service offerings including employer-focused advanced primary care solutions and behavioral health workers’ compensation capabilities, in addition to growing our specialist program, and expanding our mobile health and episodic specialty testing services. We are leveraging our position to innovate and implement new solutions and programs that enable better health outcomes and support our sustainable long-term growth and performance.
We believe our track record of strong financial performance demonstrates our ability to access and deploy capital to expand services and infrastructure, as well as deliver differentiated business outcomes. We have a track record of revenue growth and strong Adjusted EBITDA and net income margins. We believe our ability to leverage our proprietary systems, processes, models, and tools has allowed us to generate consistent business growth while maintaining favorable margins. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, net income margin was approximately 11% and adjusted EBITDA margin was approximately 21%. For the year ended December 31, 2023, net income margin was approximately 10% and Adjusted EBITDA margin was approximately 20%. For a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin to net income and net income margin, the most directly comparable financial measures presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Non-GAAP Information.”
Corporate Information
Concentra Group Holdings Parent, LLC was first formed as a Delaware limited liability company on October 11, 2017 and converted to a Delaware corporation on March 4, 2024 in connection with the Separation. Prior to the completion of this offering, we are a wholly owned subsidiary of SMC, and all our outstanding shares of common stock are owned by SMC. As a result, we have never operated as a standalone company. Our principal executive offices are currently located at 4714 Gettysburg Road, P.O. Box 2034, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055 and our telephone number is (717) 972-1100. Our website address is www.concentra.com. The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of, and is not incorporated into, this prospectus, and you should not rely on any such information in making an investment decision to purchase shares of our common stock. We have included our website address only as an inactive textual reference and do not intend it to be an active link to our website.
Our Industry
Occupational Health Services
In advanced economies such as the United States, occupational health services emerged to protect the health and safety of employees, as well as the financial integrity of businesses that make innovation, productivity, and growth possible. Occupational health services focus on the diagnosis and treatment of work-related injuries and illnesses (workers’ compensation services) and employer services such as examinations, physicals, tests and screenings, vaccinations, and a range of consultative services designed to protect employees from workplace hazards.
Workers’ Compensation Services
Workers’ compensation insurance provides coverage for medical and indemnity (lost time) costs incurred by employees who experience work-related illnesses or injuries. In 2022, there were an estimated 3.5 million work-related injuries and illnesses in the United States according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor
 
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Statistics, up 7.8% from 2021, when the total cost of work-related injuries was an estimated $167.0 billion4 according to The National Safety Council.
Workers’ compensation laws and regulations vary by state, so the specific details of coverage and reimbursement will differ based on the location of the workplace and the laws that govern workers’ compensation in that state. The cost of medical care provided for workers’ compensation services is generally determined by either a state fee schedule or usual, customary, and reasonable (“UCR”) guidelines, based on the relevant regulations. Our managed affiliated professional medical groups that we contract with to provide healthcare services typically receive reimbursement for workers’ compensation services via the employer’s insurance carrier or third-party administrator, based on the fee schedule established by the state in which the injury occurred. The fee schedule outlines the maximum amount that will be paid for various medical services provided.
Healthcare providers are typically reimbursed based on these predetermined rates with no co-pays or deductibles involved. In limited cases where a state does not have an established fee schedule, UCR guidelines are used to determine reimbursement. Our workers’ compensation revenue is driven by a combination of visit volume and rate growth. Historically, based on Concentra data, annual growth in workers’ compensation visit-related incremental revenue contributed specifically by reimbursement rates (e.g., state fee schedules and UCR guidelines) averaged approximately 3% from 2016 to 2023. Given the stringent requirements for workers’ compensation services, and due to the variation on a state-by-state basis, it is difficult for multi-site employers to adopt uniform policies to administer, manage, and control the costs of employer benefits.
Employer Services
In addition to workers’ compensation services, the other major service category of the occupational health services industry is employer services. Employer services include physical examinations, drug and alcohol screening and various other employer services. Employer services are designed to promote optimal workforce health and productivity, reduce potential occupational health risks (such as musculoskeletal injury and effects of hazardous exposure) and support employers’ efforts to effectively manage healthcare and workers’ compensation costs. The structure of pricing and reimbursement for employer services is different from that of our workers’ compensation services. For employer services, providers negotiate market-based pricing with and are paid by employers or third-party administrators that specialize in managing employer services for employers, rather than an insurance carrier.
Physical examinations and evaluations include pre-placement, post-offer and human performance examinations that help ensure employees can safely perform the jobs to which they are assigned, Department of Transportation (“DOT”) examinations for commercial drivers, Federal Aviation Administration examinations for pilots, and fire/police examinations, and respirator clearance and fit tests. We performed more than 2 million physical examinations across our occupational health centers during 2023.
Drug and alcohol screening services are performed when employers choose to screen employees for drugs and/or alcohol to promote a safer workplace. There are various types of drug and alcohol screens, including 5-panel and 10-panel drug screens that follow the parameters of applicable state and federal laws for non-regulated employment drug testing, including pre-employment drug testing, random drug testing, post-accident drug testing, and reasonable suspicion drug testing. We performed more than 3 million drug and alcohol screens across our occupational health centers during 2023.
In addition to physical examinations and evaluations and drug and alcohol screenings, there are a variety of other employer services to help keep employees safe and healthy, including a range of preventive services including job site analysis, worksite evaluation, vaccinations, athletic training, and a range of health coaching and education.
Occupational Health Industry Trends
Since the introduction of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, much progress has been made to improve the safety and health of workers in the United States. Worker deaths and the incidence of
4
National Council for Occupational Safety and Health, Millions injured, ill at work in 2022; Safety reforms can ease worker suffering, reduce costs for employers, says National COSH (November 8, 2023).
 
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injuries and illnesses have declined due to the collective efforts of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”), employers, workplace safety organizations, and occupational health service providers, among others. Despite heightened awareness, improved training, and advanced safety technology, the rate of injuries and illnesses among the growing workforce has stabilized over the past five years according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics in part due to the below industry trends. Our mission to improve the health of America’s workforce and our comprehensive occupational health service offering addresses the full continuum of workplace health — providing employer services to promote worker health and support the prevention of workplace injuries and illnesses from occurring in the first place and providing high quality workers’ compensation injury and physical rehabilitation care when they do. We believe we are well positioned and acutely focused on delivering full scale services to address evolving occupational health trends.
Among the trends supporting our growth are:

The United States workforce is large and growing.   There are approximately 156 million non-farm employees5 on payroll in the private and public sectors as of the end of 2023 according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.6 While the pandemic did have an impact on employment in the United States, there has been consistent growth otherwise and employment is up 3% compared to 2019 levels. The strong labor market is an attractive foundation for our business as it contributes to a larger pool of employers and employees that need our critical, high-quality occupational health services.

The employed population is continuing to age.   By 2030, 25% to 30% of U.S. employees are projected to be over age 55 according to Bain & Company.7 Injury frequency has increased for four consecutive years for workers ages 65 and older with more days away from work according to The National Council on Compensation Insurance.8

New, less experienced employees have higher rates of injury.   In a Travelers study of five years of claims data in manufacturing, employees with either over 25 years of experience or 10 to 14 years of experience represented the smallest percentage of claims (7% and 8%, respectively).9 Manufacturing employees in their role for less than a year had 28% of claims by volume and 24% by cost. Travelers found the trend even more pronounced for small businesses. Small business employees in their role for less than a year had 42% of claims by volume and 43% by cost. Labor-intensive industries have historically posed a higher-than-average risk of work-related injury and illness.

Inadequate labor force participation rates in all industries are contributing to stress, burnout, and higher injury rates among active workforces.   In February 2024, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce reported that if the labor force participation rate were at February 2020 levels, there would be an additional 2.2 million people in the current workforce.10 As a result of the inadequate labor force participation levels, understaffed work environments with overtime and extended work hours can lead to higher stress and injury rates, especially in construction, warehousing, healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing — industries in which we have our most significant experience in injury prevention and injury care.

Work-related hazardous exposures are widespread, resulting in significant work-related health concerns. An estimated 40 million employees in more than 5 million workplaces are potentially exposed to
5
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, All Employees, Total Nonfarm (defining non-farm employees as “the number of U.S. workers in the economy that excludes proprietors, private household employees, unpaid volunteers, farm employees, and the unincorporated self-employed”) (last updated May 3, 2024).
6
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment, Hours, and Earnings from the Current Employment Statistics Survey (All employees: Total nonfarm).
7
James Root et al., Better with Age: The Rising Importance of Older Workers, Bain & Company (citing International Labour Organization data, 2020 World Bank income categories) (July 6, 2023).
8
Patrick Coate, Latest Trends in Worker Demographics, National Council on Compensation Insurance (March 2021).
9
The Travelers Indemnity Company, Employee Injury Trends in Manufacturing, (last visited April 15, 2024).
10
Stephanie Ferguson, Understanding America’s Labor Shortage: The Most Impact Impacted Industries, U.S. Chamber of Commerce (February 13, 2023).
 
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hazardous chemicals alone according to OSHA.11 Chemical exposures are believed to result in 190,000 illnesses and 50,000 deaths annually according to OSHA.12 Other hazardous exposures include noise, radiation, heat, infectious disease, and ergonomic risks (e.g., heavy lifting, repetitive motions, vibration).

An increase in claims involving comorbidities is contributing to higher rates of work injury and higher workers’ compensation costs.   Another trend seen in workers’ compensation claims according to the National Council on Compensation Insurance is a rise in comorbid conditions that makes recovery more difficult and increases workers’ compensation costs.13 Common comorbid conditions include obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. When comorbid conditions are present, claims are more complex and of longer duration, often involving complications or disability.

Higher prevalence of depression and anxiety is contributing to increased injury rates and workers’ compensation costs.   Approximately 50% of injured employees experience clinically-related depressive symptoms at some point, usually within the first month of injury according to MedRisk.14 The National Safety Council reports that both moderate and severe mental health distress is linked to a greater risk of workplace accidents. The Business Group on Health 2024 Large Employer Health Care Strategy Survey found that 77% of large employers reported increasing workforce mental health needs.15 We believe our services across various channels are well positioned to help serve these employees.

Employers and employees are seeking more cost-effective healthcare solutions in the wake of what is frequently thought to be a breakdown of the current healthcare environment.   We believe we are well-positioned to step into an expanded role to provide occupational health and advanced primary care services for employers and their employees through our occupational health centers, our onsite health clinics, and our telemedicine business.

Conventional urgent care faces significant challenges due to labor costs and declining economics.    Urgent care centers emerged in the 1970s and grew slowly initially, becoming more well-received in the early 2000s as a strategy by hospitals and insurers to divert people needing immediate care from emergency departments. Today, concerns with urgent care include the variability of services between different centers, an oversaturation of the market, urban/rural disparities in access to urgent care, and a lack of specialized expertise in occupational health.
Our Competitive Strengths
We believe we are differentiated by the following set of distinctive strengths:
Leader in Occupational Health Services
We are the largest provider of occupational health services in the United States by number of locations, as of March 31, 2024, and have a significant national presence. We have approximately 11,000 colleagues and affiliated physicians and clinicians as of December 31, 2023, who supported the delivery of care to more than 50,000 patients per business day on average for 2023. The vast majority of these patients work for one of our approximately 200,000 employer customers, which include 100% of Fortune 100 companies and approximately 95% of Fortune 500 companies, as of December 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2024, we operated 547 stand-alone occupational health centers in 41 states and 151 onsite health clinics at employer worksites in 37 states. Concentra Telemed, our telemedicine solution for the treatment of work-related injuries and illnesses and employer services which serves 43 states and the District of Columbia, expands access to our
11
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, NPRM (74 FR 50291, Sept. 30, 2009).
12
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Transitioning to Safer Chemicals: A Toolkit for Employers and Workers, (last visited April 15, 2024).
13
AmTrust Financial, The Impact of Comorbidities on Workers’ Compensation, (last visited April 15, 2024) (finding that workers’ compensation claims involving comorbidities have almost tripled since 2000, which has hampered productivity and increased the costs of workers’ compensation claims).
14
Annemarie Mannion, How Mental Health and Age Factor into Injured Workers’ PT Needs, Risk & Insurance (March 31, 2023).
15
Business Group on Health, 77% of Employers Report Increase in Workforce Mental Health Needs, Says Business Group on Health’s 2024 Health Care Strategy, (August 22, 2023).
 
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quality care beyond our occupational health centers and onsite health clinics and is available 24 hours, 7 days a week. In total, we deliver services across 45 states and the District of Columbia. In the United States, 65% of employer locations are within approximately 12 miles of one of our occupational health centers, as of December 31, 2023. We believe our size and scale enable us to offer our customers and their employees access to high-quality care and a consistent customer experience through our service delivery channels to ensure we meet the customized needs of our customer workforce.
High-Quality Care and Clinical Outcomes
We were founded in 1979 by physicians focused on delivering high-quality occupational health services with clinical outcomes supported by empirical data based on studies we conducted and internal analysis, including:

Lower average total claim cost:   25% lower than non-Concentra claims from 2020 to 2023 based on claim studies;

Fewer days per claim:   61 fewer days than non-Concentra claims from 2020 to 2023 based on claim studies; and

More productive employees:   Approximately 95% of injured employees seen by us after their initial visit in 2023 recommended for return to work in some capacity on the same day based on our internal data.
See “— Company Overview” and “Market and Industry Data”.
We are a trusted provider of occupational health services in the United States today because of our focus on these core competencies over the past 45 years. We support licensed clinical professionals who have extensive experience and are specially trained in occupational health services. They aim to apply their deep knowledge of occupational health services, proven methodologies, and evidence-based clinical guidelines to support rapid and sustainable recovery and return to work. We have established a model for workplace health and our Medical Expert Panels work to identify health trends, research new treatment approaches, monitor regulatory changes, and develop clinical practice guidelines and best practices. We maintain policies and procedures to ensure ongoing compliance with standard regulating bodies, including OSHA and the DOT.
Additionally, our clinical team is supported by a clinical analytics department that evaluates both individual and aggregate practice patterns to provide objective insights for systematic, continuous clinical improvement. Recent workers’ compensation claim surveys of certain customers’ claims in the period from 2020 to 2023 showed lower average total claim cost and days per claim for our occupational health centers versus non-Concentra health centers. We leverage our collective experience across millions of cases across our network of occupational health centers and onsite health clinics to deliver positive outcomes. We are driving data interoperability with industry partners to increase efficiency and optimize clinical outcomes.
Diversified Service Offering
We provide a range of workforce health products and services via our occupational health centers, our onsite health clinics and our telemedicine platform to help employers keep their employees safe, healthy, and productive, including consultation and program management for specific industry sectors, such as wholesale and retail distribution, transportation, manufacturing, construction, restaurants, entertainment services and business and health services. Medical and therapy clinicians deliver comprehensive work injury care using an early intervention approach to treatment for rapid, sustainable recovery. Our occupational health services offering extends our capabilities beyond our facility footprint and allows us not only to treat workplace injuries, but also to create programs that prevent those injuries in the first place. We provide preventive and workforce management solutions that strive to keep employers compliant with local, state, and federal employment guidelines.
Employers benefit from services focused on injury and illness prevention and compliance, including pre-placement and DOT physicals, substance abuse testing, travel health, vaccinations, and job site analysis. We also designed our service offering to facilitate employees’ access to care regardless of care setting. Episodic
 
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specialty testing services and mobile health services bring vaccinations, screenings, physical examinations and evaluations and work-related testing options directly to the worksite. In addition to our occupational health centers and our onsite health clinics and employer services, we leverage technology to support patients throughout the care continuum with our tech-enabled platform that enables complimentary transportation to our occupational health centers and virtual care via telemedicine. We believe this comprehensive service offering enables us to build strong relationships with our customers and has increased the number of employers who may utilize our services.
Operational Excellence
We are focused on supporting the delivery of a high-quality patient experience and positive medical outcomes. Our results are driven by automated processes and workflows, proprietary systems and technology, and proficiency honed over our years of experience as an occupational health services provider. Beyond our infrastructure and capabilities, our corporate vision inspires our strong culture of welcoming, respectful and skillful colleagues that put our customers and their employees first. Our Orange Book sets forth our culture and guiding philosophy, describes our principles of exceptional service delivery, and provides daily motivation to our colleagues nationwide. We assess our performance against our goals in several ways, including by measuring and monitoring patient satisfaction from surveys and reviewing our ratings on external websites and incorporating customer service metrics in our colleague and management performance and incentive plans. Based on over one million annual patient surveys conducted by the Company, over 70% of patients rate us a 9 or 10 out of 10 on overall satisfaction with their center visit over the last three years.
Deep and Diverse Customer Relationships
As of December 31, 2023, we partnered with approximately 200,000 employers nationwide, including 100% of the Fortune 100 companies and approximately 95% of the Fortune 500 companies, supporting approximately 370,000 employer locations. Our employer customer count has increased approximately 40% since 2014, and our diverse and long-tenured client base includes companies from multiple industries including wholesale and retail distribution, transportation, manufacturing, construction, restaurants, entertainment services and business and health services.
Services provided to our largest employer customer and its employees account for approximately 3% of total revenue, and to the top 1,000 employer customers and their employees comprise approximately 37% of total revenue as of 2023. In addition, 99 of our top 100 customers as of 2023 have been a Concentra customer for at least ten years. We have strong relationships with our ecosystem partners, including workers’ compensation insurance carriers, third-party claims administrators, workers’ compensation provider networks and third-party employer services administrators, built over time by tenured administrative and operational leaders. For example, major ecosystem partners have been with us for more than 20 years on average, as of December 31, 2023. Our local management teams work closely and collaboratively with our customers’ local management to discuss business needs and outcomes and highlight new products and services to ensure we are delivering on our mutual goals.
Track Record of Innovation
Over our more than 45-year history, we have played an important role in creating the workplace healthcare industry model that exists today and we continue to advance, innovate and support the delivery of medical care for employees. Technology continues to be at the forefront of our strategic vision, and we continue to make advancements by introducing key technologies that focus on delivering an exceptional colleague and customer experience.
One example is the Concentra HUB, our robust occupational health customer portal, which makes it easier and more convenient for employers, insurance carriers and third-party claims administrators to access the information they need. This self-service, online tool offers 24 hours, 7 days a week access and enables our customers to authorize services to be performed at our occupational health centers and Concentra Telemed, view patient test results and reports, manage account and contact information, designate user access
 
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and permissions, pay invoices, and submit customer support requests. Over half of our employer customers utilize Concentra HUB with the potential for continued growth as we constantly add novel features to this proprietary platform.
In addition, we have made material investments in technologies designed to provide a fully digital experience to patients and customers and our omnichannel capabilities deliver seamless access to information across multiple channels. We are also driving data interoperability with industry partners to increase efficiency and optimize clinical outcomes, and we are leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning to build predictive models to support patient care.
Focus on Growth
Our infrastructure, experience and patient outcomes allow us to continue strategic growth in our current business as well as expansion into adjacent, mission-aligned markets. Our experience in growing our presence and offerings to meet the evolving needs of our customers includes the completion of over 200 transactions since the Company’s inception. For example, we have 698 occupational health centers and onsite health clinics as of March 31, 2024, an increase from 438 locations as of December 31, 2015. Our occupational health center footprint has almost doubled over the past five years to 547 occupational health centers as of March 31, 2024, through both acquisitions and de novo locations. Our model for evaluating and executing on our growth plan includes a time-tested, turnkey process and technology transition with a focus on solid customer experience and retention, expected clinical and business outcomes, and an expedited return on investment. We continue to grow our onsite health clinics at employer worksites and telemedicine businesses with new use cases, additional service offerings, and expanded customer audiences which provide additional opportunities for new customers and growth within our existing customer base.
Experienced Leadership
Our executive leadership team brings 275 years of combined experience with Concentra and a strong track record of performance and business growth in the occupational health services industry. The executive leadership team is responsible for mapping strategies and key initiatives, providing direction, and engaging colleagues throughout the organization to achieve our common goals. In addition, the executive leadership team is supported by our organizational infrastructure comprised of seasoned leaders in medical, clinical services, operations, sales, technology and other areas to ensure alignment, coordination, and execution of enterprise initiatives. Together, they strive to ensure efficient management of resources and effectively collaborate to deliver on objectives, respond to evolving business needs, and drive our outstanding company culture.
Our Growth Strategy
Across our 45-year history, we have demonstrated a consistent growth trajectory, with a track record of revenue growth and strong Adjusted EBITDA and net income margins. The potential for continuing our strong and sustainable growth is founded on the execution of our core set of diversified and proven strategies.
Driving organic growth.   We grow same-center visit volume and revenue by capturing market share through customer acquisition and retention. As a longstanding nationwide provider of occupational health services, we believe our trusted brand and high visibility locations provide ample awareness and name recognition which serve as a solid foundation for acquiring and retaining business.
Customer acquisition efforts are bolstered by our sophisticated multi-channel sales and marketing capabilities. Our sales team is organized into multiple sales channels that work to identify, engage, and secure new customers of all sizes and increase the use of our services across all industries, segments, and geographies. Our investments in training, automation, analytics, and enablement technologies have optimized sales efficiency and productivity to ensure our growth in the occupational health services industry. Sales efforts are supported and complemented by advanced marketing strategies, content, and technologies across multiple communication channels which drive awareness and fill the sales funnels with additional employer customers. Additionally, we believe our high-quality services and reputation within the workers’ compensation and employer services ecosystems serve as a source of visits, referrals, and new customers. See “Our
 
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Competitive Strengths — Operational Excellence ” and “Our Competitive Strengths — High-Quality Care and Clinical Outcomes”.
We aim to maintain customer satisfaction and high rates of customer retention through our support of the delivery of quality care, improved clinical outcomes, and an outstanding experience. Our ongoing occupational health center and technology investments enable our colleagues to deliver a high-quality employer and employee experience. Additionally, our technology investments in data exchange and interoperability with occupational health ecosystem partners are designed to improve the ease and accuracy of doing business and enhance operational efficiency. Beyond technology, we value and promote the important human element in maintaining and growing relationships. Our high-touch approach to account management is supported by sales, digital marketing, our effective clinical and operational infrastructure at the local level, and leadership engagement with multiple decision makers at the enterprise level of our large employer customers and key payors.
Our organic visit growth has been historically accompanied by increases in fee schedules and reimbursement rates across service lines to ensure commensurate gains in revenue. For workers’ compensation, we work directly with workers’ compensation regulators on fee schedule initiatives and pricing legislation with the goal of ensuring fair reimbursement for the medical care that is provided by the clinicians we support. For employer services, we negotiate market-based pricing directly with employers and third-party administrators. From 2016 to 2023, annual growth in visit-related incremental revenue contributed specifically by reimbursement rates averaged approximately 3% for each of workers’ compensation, employer services, and on a total basis.
Executing strategic acquisitions and de novos.   We have applied a robust strategy of acquiring existing occupational health centers and building new de novo centers as a key part of our growth into the largest provider of occupational health services in the United States by number of locations, as of March 31, 2024. Our past strategic transactions have filled gaps in existing geographic markets or granted us entry into new markets to enable us to offer existing and new customers expanded access to occupational health services. Our current management and support teams have significant experience executing transactions of all sizes, from single occupational health center tuck-ins to a single transaction for 200+ occupational health centers. We seek to leverage our best practices, workflows, systems, support infrastructure, and relationships to deliver enhanced clinical and business outcomes in an accelerated manner. We believe the pipeline for future transactions remains strong and diversified and that prospective sellers view us as a desirable partner due to our nationally recognized reputation, engagement approach, and streamlined processes which lead to mutually beneficial outcomes.
Our new de novo health centers complement our acquisitions and afford us the flexibility to select an exact location and buildout that is ideally suited for our footprint expansion and facility needs. Our market and site selection process leverages traffic data, demographics, customer interest, business intelligence, and industry mix figures to provide a “heat map” of the United States in order to identify ideal locations for productive and profitable occupational health centers. We have extensive experience in lease negotiations, facility design, recruiting and staffing, and sales and marketing to support successful launch and operations. With a focus on leveraging our existing employer customer relationships to ramp quickly, our recent de novos have on average reached their first profitable month in the first three months of operation.
Our expansion interest extends beyond adding new occupational health centers — the onsite health services market is highly fragmented and offers numerous acquisition opportunities. We have acquired a select number of onsite health clinics in recent years primarily focused on occupational health services and will continue to evaluate additional opportunities. Our growth plan for employer-sponsored primary care expands the scope of our acquisition targets to primary care-oriented onsite health clinics as well as those offering both primary care and occupational health services. Additionally, mobile health services and episodic specialty testing services offer greenfield opportunities due to the varied number, size, and scope of currently available worksite focused solutions.
Expanding our service offerings.   We are continually evaluating and expanding our workers’ compensation and employer services offerings at our occupational health centers. Our clinical and regulatory expertise helps us understand evolving requirements, guidelines, and best practices to support our customers’ goal of keeping their employees healthy and productive. We can quickly introduce new tests and physical
 
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examinations due to insights from our industry-recognized medical experts, our relationships with the major labs and diagnostic companies, and our participation in third-party employer services administrator networks. The COVID-19 pandemic showcased our ability to rapidly develop and deploy screening and testing services to support patient and client needs.
Our onsite health services have grown by expanding episodic specialty testing services and mobile health services. We are in late stages of adding an advanced primary care service offering at our onsite health clinics to further expand our service offerings. Advanced primary care focuses on total person care to help participants identify, manage, and positively impact their chronic health conditions through addressing medical, behavioral, and social determinants of health. The goal of this approach is not only individual patient improvements, but also to help ensure measurable population health improvements, which translate to lower employers’ healthcare spend.
Like our onsite health clinics, Concentra Telemed has expanded beyond workers’ compensation services to offer employer services such as screening evaluations for employees with potential work-related exposures. In addition to expanding employer services, we are poised to leverage our clinical expertise and virtual care platform to address workers’ compensation behavioral health services. This expansion is designed to address previously unmet needs and growing demand due to an insufficient number of behavioral health providers and the absence of an organized delivery model. We believe we possess the innovative mindset, development processes, clinical expertise, operational infrastructure, and go-to-market capabilities to successfully develop, launch, and grow new products and services.
Investing in adjacent business areas and geographies.   As an industry leader in workforce health and a nationally recognized brand, we believe we are well positioned to acquire businesses in areas which are adjacent and complementary to our current occupational health services offering and will be aligned with our mission and business goals. Examples of horizontal and vertical integration approaches include workplace safety and specialty care. These additional avenues for strategic capital deployment would diversify our service offering, broaden our available market opportunity, and allow us to leverage our strong customer relationships and infrastructure.
Our Management Services Organization
Due to the prevalence of the corporate practice of medicine doctrine, including in certain states where we conduct our business, we do not own the affiliated professional entities that we contract with to provide healthcare services, which we refer to herein as “Managed PCs.” The Managed PCs are wholly owned by physician providers licensed in their respective states. We enter into management and consulting services agreements (“MSAs”) between such entities and our management services organizations (“MSOs”). To protect the underlying interests of the corporate practice of medicine prohibition, we ensure that physicians are solely and exclusively in control of all aspects of the practice of medicine and the provision of professional physician services through the Managed PCs, including, without limitation, decisions regarding professional medical judgment, diagnosis and treatment of patients, and supervisory responsibility for all other clinicians, whether employed by, or an independent contractor of, the Managed PCs. In addition to the MSAs, we also enter into succession agreements and other arrangements with the physician equity holders that have contractual rights relating to the orderly transfer of equity interests in our physician practices.
Under the MSAs, we provide various administrative and operations support services to the Managed PC in exchange for scheduled fees at fair market value. Each MSA has a 40-year term unless the parties mutually agree to terminate the MSA or the agreement is terminated for cause if (i) a party enters into bankruptcy or similar proceeding, (ii) a party breaches a material term of the MSA that is uncured for 30 days following receipt of notice of the breach or (iii) a court or governmental order requires termination of the MSA. The Managed PC agrees to indemnify the Company for any liability arising in connection with the practice of medicine at any center unless the liability arises from willful misconduct from the Company. The MSAs also contain certain restrictive covenants for two years after the agreement and either party may assign the agreement without prior written consent of the other party. The Form of Medical Center Management and Consulting Agreement is included as an exhibit hereto.
Our MSAs enable our affiliated physicians and other clinicians to focus on their patient, not paperwork. Our market-level MSAs leverage our scale to reduce administrative work, increase efficiency, and lower direct
 
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costs for our Managed PCs. Our experienced operations and clinical analytics teams ensure the “doctor’s voice” is present in our technology solutions to drive savings and optimize patient outcomes. Our innovative technology improves data security, bolsters the patient-provider relationship and offers patients a seamless, coordinated experience.
The Separation and Post-Separation Relationship with Select
On January 3, 2024, Select, our parent company, announced its intention to separate Concentra from its business. Prior to the completion of this offering, we will enter into a separation agreement with SMC (the “Separation Agreement”), as further described in the section of this prospectus entitled “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions-Agreements to be Entered into in Connection with the Separation — Separation Agreement.” We will also enter into various other agreements with SMC that, together with the Separation Agreement, provide for certain transactions and arrangements to effect the separation of our business from SMC. We refer to these transactions, as further described in the section of this prospectus entitled “The Separation and Distribution Transactions — The Separation,” collectively as the “Separation.”
The agreements we will enter into with SMC in connection with the Separation, which will provide a framework for our relationship with SMC following the Separation, include the following:

Separation Agreement — Prior to the completion of this offering, we and SMC will enter into a Separation Agreement. The Separation Agreement will contain key provisions relating to our separation from SMC, this offering and the Distribution or other disposition of the shares of our common stock owned by SMC following the completion of this offering. In connection with the Separation, we will also enter into various other agreements with SMC that, together with the Separation Agreement, will result in the separation of our business from Select.

Tax Matters Agreement — We and Select will enter into a tax matters agreement that will govern our and Select’s respective rights, responsibilities and obligations with respect to all tax matters, including tax liabilities (including responsibility and potential indemnification obligations for taxes attributable to our business and taxes arising, under certain circumstances, in connection with the Separation and Distribution, if pursued), tax attributes, tax returns (including our inclusion in the U.S. federal consolidated group tax return, and certain other combined or similar group tax returns, with Select through the date of the Distribution, if pursued, and our continuing joint and several liability with Select for such tax returns), and tax contests.

Employee Matters Agreement — We and SMC will enter into an employee matters agreement that will address employment, compensation and benefits matters, including the allocation and treatment of assets and liabilities relating to employees and compensation and benefit plans and programs in which our employees participate prior to the Separation.

Transition Services Agreement — We and SMC will enter into a transition services agreement, pursuant to which Select will provide to us certain services following the completion of this offering.
See “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions — Agreements to be Entered into in Connection with the Separation” for a more detailed discussion of the agreements described above.
All agreements relating to the Separation will be made in the context of a parent-subsidiary relationship and will be entered into in the overall context of our separation from SMC. The terms of these agreements may be more or less favorable to us than if they had been negotiated with unaffiliated third parties. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Relationship with Select — We may have received better terms from unaffiliated third parties than the terms we will receive in our agreements with SMC.”
We believe, and SMC has advised us that it believes, that the Separation, this offering and the Distribution, if pursued, will provide a number of benefits to our business. These intended benefits include:

providing the executive leadership and boards of each stand-alone company the opportunity to focus solely on its respective business;

providing each company with a unique and more efficiently valued equity currency to fund acquisitions and other capital needs; and
 
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providing each company with a more effective tool for employee compensation.
However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve these and other anticipated benefits of the Separation, and the benefits of the Separation may be delayed or not occur at all. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Separation and the Distribution — We may not achieve some or all of the expected benefits of the Separation, and the Separation could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.” Furthermore, some of our executive officers and directors own equity interests in Select because of their current or former positions with Select, and certain of Select’s current executive officers are expected to become our directors, each of which could create, or appear to create, actual or potential conflicts of interests following the completion of this offering. “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Separation and the Distribution — Following the completion of this offering, certain of our executive officers and directors may have actual or potential conflicts of interest because of their equity interest in Select. Also, certain of Select’s current executive officers are expected to become our directors, which may create conflicts of interest or the appearance of conflicts of interest.”
Debt Financing Transactions
In connection with this offering, we intend to enter into certain financing arrangements which may include a new senior credit facility and/or a senior notes offering (the “Credit Facilities”). We refer to these transactions, as further described in the section of this prospectus entitled “Description of Certain Indebtedness,” collectively as the “Debt Financing Transactions.” We intend to pay SMC all of the net proceeds that we received from the Debt Financing Transactions, in the form of a dividend prior to this offering. See “Description of Certain Indebtedness.”
The Distribution
Select has informed us that, following the completion of this offering, it intends to make a distribution, which is intended to be tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to its stockholders of all its remaining equity interest in us. We refer to these distributions, as further described in the section of this prospectus entitled “The Separation and Distribution Transactions — The Distribution,” collectively as the “Distribution.”
Upon the completion of this offering, SMC will own at least 80.1% of the voting power of our shares of common stock eligible to vote in the election of our directors. We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to repay (i) $      million of the intercompany note held by SMC and (ii) $      million of the principal amount of a promissory note issued to SMC as a dividend in connection with the Debt Financing. See “Use of Proceeds” for additional information. We will not use any of the net proceeds from this offering towards business operations and development. Select has agreed not to effect the Distribution for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of each of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC. See “Underwriting.”
On February 27, 2024, Select received a private letter ruling from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) to the effect that the Distribution will be tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes to Select and its stockholders. The conditions to the Distribution, including those discussed in “The Separation and Distribution Transactions — The Distribution”, may not be satisfied, Select may decide not to consummate the Distribution even if the conditions are satisfied or Select may decide to waive one or more of the conditions and consummate the Distribution even if some or all of the conditions are not satisfied. See “The Separation and Distribution Transactions — The Distribution.”
While, as of the date of this prospectus, SMC intends to effect the Distribution, Select has no obligation to pursue or consummate any further dispositions of its equity interest in our company, including through the Distribution, by any specified date or at all. If pursued, the Distribution may be subject to a number of conditions, including the receipt of any necessary regulatory or other approvals, the existence of satisfactory market conditions and favorable opinions of Select’s U.S. tax advisors to the effect that the Distribution will be tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes to Select and its stockholders, the approval of the Distribution by Select’s Board of Directors, the completion of this offering, the execution of the Separation Agreement, Transition Services Agreement, Tax Matters Agreement and Employee Matters Agreement and the execution of the Underwriting Agreement. The effectiveness of the registration statement of which
 
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this prospectus forms a part and the consummation of this offering is a condition to effecting the Distribution, however, each of the conditions of the Distribution may be waived by Select.
Upon completion of the Distribution, if pursued, we will no longer qualify as a “controlled company” as defined under the corporate governance rules of the NYSE, and, to the extent we have not done so already, we will be required to fully implement the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE within the transition periods specified in the rules of the NYSE. See “Management — Controlled Company Exemption.”
 
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Summary of Risk Factors
An investment in shares of our common stock is subject to a number of risks that may prevent us from achieving our business objectives or otherwise adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. The following list contains a summary of some, but not all, of these risks. You should consider the risks listed below and other risks, which are discussed in more detail in the section of this prospectus entitled “Risk Factors,” before making an investment decision to purchase shares of our common stock.

If the frequency of work-related injuries and illnesses decline, including if employment trends in the United States shift to industries that are less prone to workplace injuries and illness, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be negatively affected.

If we have adverse changes to our relationships with our significant employer customers, third-party payors, workers’ compensation provider networks or employer services networks, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

We conduct business in a heavily regulated industry and changes to regulations, new interpretations of existing regulations, or violations of regulations may result in increased costs or sanctions that reduce our revenue and profitability.

Cost containment initiatives or state fee schedule changes undertaken by state workers’ compensation boards or commissions and other third-party payors may adversely affect our revenue, profitability, and financial condition.

The nature of the markets that we serve may constrain our ability to realize reimbursement increases at rates sufficient to keep pace with the inflation of our costs.

Labor shortages, increased employee turnover, increases in employee-related costs, and union activity could have adverse effects including significant increases in our operating costs and a reduction in profitability.

If we fail to compete effectively with other occupational health centers, onsite health clinics at employer worksites, and healthcare providers in the local areas we serve, our revenue and profitability may decline.

We may be adversely affected by a failure or security breach of our, or our third-party vendors’, information technology systems, such as a cyber attack, which may subject us to potential legal and reputational harm and have an adverse impact on our business.

We may be adversely affected by negative publicity which can result in increased governmental and regulatory scrutiny and possibly adverse regulatory changes.

Significant legal actions could subject us to substantial uninsured liabilities and our insurance coverage, even where available, may not be sufficient to cover losses we may incur.

We are subject to a variety of litigation, investigations and audits and other legal and regulatory proceedings and payor audits in the course of our business that could adversely affect our business and financial statements.

Current and future acquisitions may use significant resources, may be unsuccessful, and could expose us to unforeseen liabilities.

In conducting our business, we are required to comply with applicable laws regarding the corporate practice of medicine and therapy and professional fee-splitting.

We are dependent on our relationships with affiliated professional entities that we do not own to provide healthcare services, and our business would be harmed if those relationships were disrupted or if our arrangements with these entities become subject to legal challenges.

We are subject to extensive federal and state laws and regulations relating to the privacy of personal information, including protected health information, and any actual or perceived failure to comply could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are currently operating in a period of economic uncertainty and capital markets disruption, which has been significantly impacted by geopolitical instability due to the ongoing Israel-Palestine
 
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and Russia-Ukraine military conflicts. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected by any negative impact on the global economy, capital markets and supply chains resulting from such conflicts or any other geopolitical tensions.

Our substantial indebtedness may limit the amount of cash flow available to invest in the ongoing needs of our business.

Our Credit Facilities require us to comply with certain covenants and obligations, the default of which may result in the acceleration of certain of our indebtedness.

We have no recent history of operating as a standalone public company, and our historical and pro forma financial information may not necessarily reflect the results that we would have achieved as a standalone public company or what our results may be in the future.

We may not achieve some or all of the expected benefits of the Separation and the Separation could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We will be a “controlled company” as defined under the corporate governance rules of the NYSE, which means Select will continue to control the direction of our business, and we could remain a controlled company if the distribution of Select’s remaining equity interest in our company does not occur.

We cannot be certain that an active trading market for our common stock will develop or be sustained following the completion of this offering.

The stock price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, including as a result of the Distribution, future sales by our stockholders or the perception that the Distribution or such sales may occur.

The obligations associated with being a standalone public company, including implementing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, will require significant resources and management attention and our failure to comply with such obligations could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Your percentage ownership in us will be diluted following the completion of this offering and may be further diluted in the future.
 
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THE OFFERING
Common stock offered by us in this offering
        shares (or        shares if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of our common stock from us).
Common stock to be outstanding upon completion of this offering
        shares (or        shares if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of our common stock from us).
Common stock to be held by SMC upon completion of this offering
Upon completion of this offering, SMC will own approximately    % of the voting power of our shares of common stock eligible to vote in the election of our directors (or approximately    % if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of our common stock from us).
Underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of our common stock from us
We have granted the underwriters an option for a period of 30 days from the date of this prospectus to purchase up to          additional shares of our common stock from us at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions.
Use of proceeds
We estimate that the net proceeds to us from this offering will be approximately $       million (or approximately $       million if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of our common stock from us) based on an assumed initial public offering price of $       per share of our common stock, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to repay (i) $      million of the intercompany note held by SMC and (ii) $      million of the principal amount of a promissory note issued to SMC as a dividend in connection with the Debt Financing. We will not use any of the net proceeds of this offering towards business operations and development as a result. See “Use of Proceeds” for additional information.
Dividend policy
We intend to recommend to our Board that we regularly return capital to our stockholders in the future through a dividend framework that will be communicated to stockholders in the future. Following the completion of this offering, our Board may elect to declare cash dividends on our common stock, subject to our compliance with applicable law, and depending on, among other things, economic conditions, our financial condition, operating results, projections, available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, liquidity, earnings, legal requirements, and restrictions in the agreements governing our indebtedness as further discussed herein. The payment of
 
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any future dividends to our stockholders will be at the discretion of our Board, which will be constituted upon completion of this offering and will be comprised of a majority of independent directors.
Controlled company
Upon completion of this offering, SMC will own more than a majority of the voting power of our shares of common stock eligible to vote in the election of our directors. As a result, we will be a “controlled company” as defined under the corporate governance rules of and, therefore, will qualify for exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements of the NYSE. Accordingly, we will not be required to have a majority of “independent directors” on the Board as defined under the rules of the NYSE and we will not be required to have a compensation committee or a nominating and corporate governance committee, in each case composed entirely of independent directors. We may take advantage of one or more of these exemptions following the completion of this offering. As a result, although we do not currently intend to rely on these exemptions, you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE. See “Management — Controlled Company Exemption.”
As long as SMC beneficially owns a majority of the voting power of our outstanding shares of common stock, Select will generally be able to control the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors, without the approval of our other stockholders. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Relationship with Select—Following the completion of this offering, Select will continue to control the direction of our business, and the concentrated ownership of our common stock may prevent you and other stockholders from influencing significant decisions.”
Proposed listing and symbol
We intend to apply to list our shares of common stock on the NYSE under the symbol “CON”.
Risk factors
You should read the section of this prospectus entitled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 24 for a discussion of factors you should consider carefully before making an investment decision to purchase shares of our common stock.
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references to the number and percentage of shares of our common stock to be outstanding upon completion of this offering are based on        shares of our common stock outstanding as of           , 2024 and assumes no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of our common stock from us.
Unless otherwise indicated, the information presented in this prospectus:

gives effect to the transactions described under “The Separation and Distribution Transactions — The Separation”;

gives effect to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws, which will be in effect prior to the completion of this offering and forms of which will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part;
 
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assumes an initial public offering price of $        per share of our common stock, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus; and

excludes         shares of our common stock that we expect to reserve for issuance under our proposed equity incentive plan as further described in the section entitled “Executive and Director Compensation.”
 
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SUMMARY HISTORICAL AND UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The summary historical consolidated statement of operations data and consolidated statement of cash flows data for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and the summary historical consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary consolidated statement of operations data for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 and the summary consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2024 have been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. In our opinion, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with our audited consolidated financial statements and contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of such financial statements. Our underlying financial records were derived from the financial records of Select for the periods reflected herein. The consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses based on our legal entity structure as well as direct and indirect costs that are attributable to our operations. Indirect costs are the costs of support functions that are partially provided on a centralized basis by Select and its affiliates, which include finance, human resources, benefits administration, procurement support, information technology, legal, corporate governance and other professional services. Indirect costs have been allocated to us for the purposes of preparing the consolidated financial statements based on a specific identification basis or, when specific identification is not practicable, a proportional cost allocation method, primarily based on headcount or other allocation methodologies that are considered to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or benefit received by us during the periods presented, depending on the nature of the services received.
The historical consolidated financial data below is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the section of this prospectus entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” as well as our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The historical consolidated financial data may not necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows would have been had we been a standalone company during the periods presented, including changes that will occur in our operations and capital structure as a result of this offering and the Separation. In addition, the historical consolidated financial data may not necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be in the future.
The summary unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data at and for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and for the year ended December 31, 2023, have been derived from our unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information included in the section of this prospectus entitled “Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information.” The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information has been derived from our historical unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024, our historical consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, and our historical unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2024. The pro forma adjustments to the unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and for year ended December 31, 2023, assume that the Separation and related transactions occurred as of January 1, 2023. The unaudited pro forma consolidated balance sheet data gives effect to the Separation and related transactions as if they had occurred on March 31, 2024, our latest balance sheet date. See “Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information.”
The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data below is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the section of this prospectus entitled “Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information.” The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data is based upon available information and assumptions that we believe are reasonable and supportable. The summary unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data is for illustrative and informational purposes only. The summary unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data may not necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows would have been had we been a standalone company during the periods presented. In addition, the summary unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data may not necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be in the future.
 
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Consolidated Statement of Operations Data
(Dollars in thousands,
except share and per
share data)
Pro Forma
Historical
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2024
Year ended
December 31,
2023
For the Three Months
Ended March 31,
Years ended December 31,
2024
2023
2023
2022
2021
Revenue
$      $      $ 467,598 $ 456,298 $ 1,838,081 $ 1,724,359 $ 1,732,041
Total costs and expenses
392,384 381,038 1,550,699 1,466,142 1,461,776
Other operating income
284 250 312 34,999
Income from operations
75,498 75,260 287,632 258,529 305,264
Other income and
expenses
(10,082) (11,663) (45,002) (33,633) (29,701)
Income before income taxes 
65,416 63,597 242,630 224,896 275,563
Income tax expense
15,137 16,166 57,887 52,653 59,527
Net income
50,279 47,431 184,743 172,243 216,036
Net income
attributable
to non-controlling
interests
1,323 1,167 4,796 5,516 7,161
Net income
attributable to the
Company
$ $ $ 48,956 $ 46,264 $ 179,947 $ 166,727 $ 208,875
Basic and diluted earnings per share/common unit
$ $ $ 0.11 $ 0.10 $ 0.40 $ 0.37 $ 0.46
Weighted average
number of
share/
common units
outstanding – basic
and diluted
447,081,597 447,772,198 447,501,274 448,201,065 451,693,295
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data
(Dollars in thousands)
Pro Forma
Historical
As of
March 31, 2024
As of
March 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Total assets
$              $ 2,366,162 $ 2,333,560
Total liabilities
1,146,878 1,156,121
Total equity
1,201,027 1,160,962
 
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Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows Data
(Dollars in thousands)
Historical
Three Months Ended March 31,
Years ended December 31,
2024
2023
2023
2022
2021
Net cash provided by operating
activities
$ 44,622 $ 17,695 $ 234,316 $ 274,337 $ 290,638
Net cash used in investing activities
(22,352) (14,396) (75,308) (57,750) (61,798)
Net cash flows used in financing
activities
(4,092) (15,997) (165,291) (209,858) (342,589)
Net increase (decrease) in cash
18,178 (12,698) (6,283) 6,729 (113,749)
Cash at beginning of period
31,374 37,657 37,657 30,928 144,677
Cash at end of period
$ 49,552 $ 24,959 31,374 37,657 30,928
Other Data (Non-GAAP)
(Dollars in thousands)
Historical
Three Months Ended March 31,
Years ended December 31,
2024
2023
2023
2022
2021
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
$ 96,142 $ 93,748 $ 361,334 $ 334,337 $ 389,616
Adjusted EBITDA Margin(1)
20.6% 20.5% 19.7% 19.4% 22.5%
COVID-adjusted EBITDA(1)
$ 96,142 $ 93,748 $ 361,334 $ 333,860 $ 314,969
(1)
We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin, as defined herein, are important to investors because Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are commonly used as analytical indicators of performance by investors within the healthcare industry. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are used by management to evaluate financial performance of, and determine resource allocation for, each of our operating segments. However, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are not measures of financial performance under U.S. GAAP. Items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are significant components in understanding and assessing financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative to, or substitute for, net income, net income margin, income from operations, cash flows generated by operations, investing or financing activities, or other financial statement data presented in the consolidated financial statements as indicators of financial performance or liquidity. Because Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are not measurements determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP and are thus susceptible to varying definitions, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin as presented may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.
We present COVID-adjusted EBITDA because we believe that this presentation provides a useful indicator of our financial performance for the periods presented excluding the effects of the non-recurring income in 2021 and 2022 resulting specifically from the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative to, or substitute for, net income, income from operations, cash flows generated by operations, investing or financing activities, or other financial statement data presented in the consolidated financial statements as indicators of financial performance or liquidity. Because COVID-adjusted EBITDA is not a measurement determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP and is thus susceptible to varying definitions, COVID-adjusted EBITDA as presented may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.
 
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The following table reconciles net income to Adjusted EBITDA and COVID-adjusted EBITDA and net income margin to Adjusted EBITDA margin and should be referenced when we discuss Adjusted EBITDA, COVID-adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin.
Three Months Ended March 31,
Years ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)
2024
2023
2023
2022
2021
Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA and COVID-adjusted EBITDA
Net income
$ 50,279 $ 47,431 $ 184,743 $ 172,243 $ 216,036
Income tax expense
15,137 16,166 57,887 52,653 59,527
Interest expense
111 61 221 849 2,383
Interest expense on related party debt
9,971 11,076 44,253 30,792 29,473
Loss (gain) on sale of businesses
(2,155)
Equity in losses of unconsolidated
subsidiaries
526 526 1,577
Other expense
2 415
Stock compensation expense
166 178 651 2,141 2,142
Depreciation and amortization
18,485 18,310 73,051 73,667 82,210
Separation transaction costs(a)
1,993
Adjusted EBITDA
$ 96,142 $ 93,748 $ 361,334 $ 334,337 $ 389,616
Other non-recurring income directly attributable to COVID-19(b)
(477) (74,647)
COVID-adjusted EBITDA
$ 96,142 $ 93,748 $ 361,334 $ 333,860 $ 314,969
Adjusted EBITDA margin
20.6% 20.5% 19.7% 19.4% 22.5%
Net income margin
10.8% 10.5% 10.1% 10.0% 12.5%
(a)
Separation transaction costs represent incremental consulting, legal, and audit-related fees incurred in connection with the Company’s planned separation into a new, publicly traded company and are included within general and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(b)
Other non-recurring income directly attributable to COVID-19 consists of (i) $34.7 million and $0.1 million in 2021 and 2022, respectively, associated with the recognition of payments received under the Provider Relief Fund for healthcare related expenses and lost revenues, in each case, attributable to COVID-19, and (ii) $39.9 million and $0.4 million in 2021 and 2022, respectively, of non-recurring income received for on-site services, including questionnaires, evaluations, lab testing and vaccinations, provided to an employer services customer in connection with its COVID-19 response at its facilities.
 
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RISK FACTORS
An investment in shares of our common stock involves risks and uncertainties. In addition to the other information in this prospectus, you should consider carefully the factors set forth below before making an investment decision to purchase shares of our common stock. We seek to identify, manage and mitigate risks to our business, but risks and uncertainties are difficult to predict, and many are outside of our control and therefore cannot be eliminated. You should be aware that it is not possible to predict or identify all these factors and that the following is not meant to be a complete discussion of all potential risks or uncertainties. If known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected, potentially in a material way, which could result in a partial or complete loss of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business, Industry and Operations
If the frequency of work-related injuries and illnesses decline, including if employment trends in the United States shift to industries that are less prone to workplace injuries and illness, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be negatively affected.
Because of improvements in workplace safety, greater access to health insurance, and the continued transition from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy, workers are generally healthier and less prone to injuries than in the past. Increases in employer-sponsored wellness and health promotion programs have led to fitter and healthier employees who may be less likely to injure themselves on the job. A decline in workplace injuries and illness may cause the number of workers’ compensation claims to decrease, which may adversely affect our business.
If we have adverse changes to our relationships with our significant employer customers, third-party payors, workers’ compensation provider networks or employer services networks, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
We have strong and longstanding relationships with major employer customers, payors, workers’ compensation provider networks and third-party employer services networks. Our results may decline if we lose our significant employer customers, payor relationships, or our ability to participate in workers’ compensation or employer services networks. One or more of our significant employer customers, payors, or networks could also be acquired, which could impact our relationship with such customer, payor, or network. As employer customers, payors and workers’ compensation or employer services networks make strategic business decisions in response to market conditions, financial pressure, competitive pricing pressures or other reasons, they may choose to discontinue their relationship with us or direct their employees to competitors for occupational health services. The loss of our significant employer customers, payor or network relationships could cause a material decline in our profitability and operating performance.
We conduct business in a heavily regulated industry and changes to regulations, new interpretations of existing regulations, or violations of regulations may result in increased costs or sanctions that reduce our revenue and profitability.
The healthcare industry is subject to extensive federal, state, and local laws and regulations including but not limited to (i) business, facility, and professional licensure, including surveys, certification, certificates of need, accreditation, and recertification requirements; (ii) conduct of operations, including financial relationships among healthcare providers, fraud and abuse, anti-kickback, physician self-referral and false claims prohibitions including the Anti-Kickback Statute, the federal physician self-referral law, Civil Monetary Penalty Statute, and the False Claims Act; (iii) payment for services; and (iv) safeguarding protected health information.
Both federal and state regulatory agencies inspect, survey, and audit our facilities to review our compliance with these laws and regulations. While our facilities intend to comply with existing licensing, certification requirements, and accreditation standards, there can be no assurance that these regulatory authorities will determine that all applicable requirements are fully met at any given time. A determination by any of these regulatory authorities that a facility is not in compliance with these requirements could lead to the imposition of requirements that the facility takes corrective action, assessment of fines and penalties,
 
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or loss of licensure, certification, or accreditation. These consequences could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, there have been heightened coordinated civil and criminal enforcement efforts by both federal and state government agencies relating to the healthcare industry. The ongoing investigations relate to, among other things, various referral practices, billing practices, and physician ownership. In the future, different interpretations or enforcement of these laws and regulations could subject us to allegations of impropriety or illegality or could require us to make changes in our facilities, equipment, personnel, services, and capital expenditure programs. These changes may increase our cost of services and reduce our operating revenues. If we fail to comply with these extensive laws and government regulations, we could become ineligible to receive government program reimbursement, suffer civil or criminal penalties, or be required to make significant changes to our operations. In addition, we could be forced to expend considerable resources responding to or defending against any related investigation or other enforcement action.
We are subject to extensive fraud, waste, and abuse laws, and if we or our Managed PCs and their providers fail to comply with applicable healthcare laws and government regulations, we could be subject to sanctions and incur financial penalties, become excluded from participating in government healthcare programs, be required to make significant operational changes or experience adverse publicity, any or all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The U.S. healthcare industry is heavily regulated by federal, state and local governments. Comprehensive statutes and regulations govern, among other things, the manner in which our Managed PCs provide and bill for services and collect reimbursement from governmental programs, third-party payors and patients, our contractual relationships with our Managed PCs and the owners of the Managed PCs, our relationships with referral sources and specialist physicians, and our marketing and advertising activities. The healthcare laws and regulations that may affect our and our supported offices’ ability to operate include, but are not limited to:

the federal Anti-Kickback Statute (the “AKS”) which prohibits the knowing and willful offer, payment, solicitation or receipt of any bribe, kickback, rebate or other remuneration for referring an individual, in return for ordering, leasing, purchasing or recommending or arranging for or to induce the referral of an individual or the ordering, purchasing or leasing of items or services covered, in whole or in part, by any federal healthcare program, such as Medicare and Medicaid. A person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to have committed a violation. The AKS includes regulatory safe harbors that protect certain arrangements. Failure to meet the requirements of a safe harbor, however, does not render an arrangement illegal. Rather, the government may evaluate such arrangements on a case-by-case basis, taking into account all facts and circumstances, including the parties’ intent and the arrangement’s potential for abuse, and may be subject to greater scrutiny by enforcement agencies;

the federal physician self-referral law (the “Stark Law”), that, subject to limited exceptions, prohibits physicians from referring Medicare or Medicaid patients to an entity for the provision of certain designated health services if the physician or a member of such physician’s immediate family has a direct or indirect financial relationship (including an ownership interest or a compensation arrangement) with the entity, and prohibit the entity from billing Medicare or Medicaid for such designated health services. The term “designated health services” includes, among other things, physical therapy services and clinical laboratory services. Unlike the AKS, the Stark Law is violated if the financial arrangement does not meet an applicable exception, regardless of any intent by the parties to induce or reward referrals or the reasons for the financial relationship and the referral;

the federal False Claims Act (the “FCA”), that imposes civil and criminal liability on individuals or entities that knowingly submit false or fraudulent claims for payment to the government or knowingly making, or causing to be made, a false statement in order to have a false claim paid. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the government or by a private person under a qui tam, or “whistleblower,” suit. There are many potential bases for liability under the FCA. The government has used the FCA to prosecute Medicare and other government healthcare program fraud such as coding errors, billing for services not provided, and providing care that is not medically necessary or that is substandard in quality. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or
 
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services resulting from a violation of the federal AKS or Stark Law constitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the FCA;

the criminal healthcare fraud provisions of HIPAA and related rules that prohibit knowingly and willfully executing a scheme or artifice to defraud any healthcare benefit program or falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any material false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with the delivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services. Similar to the AKS, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to have committed a violation;

similar state law anti-kickback, self-referral, and false claims laws, some of which may apply to items or services reimbursed by any payor, including patients, state workers’ compensation programs, and commercial insurers and include “whistleblower” provisions;

federal and state laws as well as coverage and reimbursement requirements that prohibit providers from billing and receiving payments for therapy services and other healthcare services, unless the services are medically necessary, adequately and accurately documented, and billed using codes that accurately reflect the type and level of service rendered and otherwise meet complex billing requirements, including, among others, individual, group and concurrent therapy services;

the Civil Monetary Penalties Law, which prohibits the offering or giving of remuneration, including free services or discounts, and waivers of beneficiary cost sharing, to Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries that is likely to influence the beneficiary’s selection of a particular provider or supplier;

state corporate practice prohibitions and fee-splitting laws;

federal, state and local laws and policies that require clinical facilities and providers to maintain licensure, certification, or accreditation; and

federal and state laws pertaining to non-physician practitioners, such as nurse practitioners physician assistants, and therapy assistants, including scope of practice limitations and requirements for supervision of such practitioners and reimbursement-related requirements.
These laws and regulations, among other things, constrain our business and limit the types of financial arrangements we and our Managed PCs may have with providers, customers, patients, vendors, and third-party payors, including our arrangements with our Managed PCs and the owners of the Managed PCs, Medical Expert Panels, Concentra Advanced Specialists, and our advertising and marketing practices and arrangements, including transportation provided to patients. Due to the breadth of these laws, the narrowness of statutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors available, and the range of interpretations to which they are subject, it is possible that some of our current or future practices might be challenged under one or more of these laws. To enforce compliance, the Office of the Inspector General (“OIG”) and the DOJ recently have increased its scrutiny of interactions between healthcare companies and healthcare providers, which has led to a number of investigations, prosecutions, convictions and settlements in the healthcare industry. These investigations often are focused on billing, coding and clinical documentation practices as well as financial arrangements with referral sources. We expect federal government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigating healthcare providers’ compliance with the FCA and other applicable fraud and abuse laws.
Failure to comply with these laws and other laws can result in civil and criminal penalties such as fines, damages, overpayment, recoupment, imprisonment, loss of licensure, enrollment status and exclusion from the Medicare and Medicaid programs, imposition of a corporate integrity agreement, consent decree or similar agreements that impose ongoing compliance obligations. In addition, non-compliance with these laws or changes to these laws might have the effect of imposing additional costs on us or our managed offices or rendering invalid or illegal, in whole or in part, certain aspects of our MSAs and other arrangements between us and our Managed PCs and the owners of the Managed PCs. The risk of being found in violation of these laws and regulations is increased by the fact that many of them have not been fully interpreted by the regulatory authorities or the courts, and their provisions are sometimes open to a variety of interpretations. Our failure to accurately anticipate the application of these laws and regulations to our business or any other failure to comply with regulatory requirements could create significant liability for us and negatively affect our business. Any action against us or our Managed PCs for violation of these laws or regulations, even
 
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if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses, divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business and result in adverse publicity.
Cost containment initiatives or state fee schedule changes undertaken by state workers’ compensation boards or commissions and other third-party payors may adversely affect our revenue, profitability, and financial condition.
Initiatives undertaken by state workers’ compensation commissions, insurance companies, and other payors to contain the costs of healthcare services, including occupational health services and urgent care services, may adversely affect our financial performance. The cost of medical care provided for workers’ compensation services is often determined by a state fee schedule and state workers’ compensation commissions seek to control healthcare costs by reducing prescribed rates of reimbursements through fee schedule modifications. We compete with other healthcare providers, such as hospitals, who contract with insurance companies and other third-party payors and may be able to negotiate more favorable rates or provide services at a lower cost. We believe that these cost containment measures may continue and, if so, would limit reimbursements for healthcare services that our affiliated clinicians provide. If state workers’ compensation commissions or third-party payors reduce the amounts they pay for healthcare services, our revenue, profitability, and financial condition may be adversely affected.
The nature of the markets that we serve may constrain our ability to realize reimbursement increases at rates sufficient to keep pace with the inflation of our costs.
Rates of reimbursement for workers’ compensation services are established through a legislative or regulatory process within each state that we serve. Currently, we have occupational health centers and offer telemedicine services in 39 states and the District of Columbia which have fee schedules pursuant to which all healthcare providers are uniformly reimbursed for workers’ compensation services. The fee schedules are determined by each state and generally prescribe the maximum amounts that may be reimbursed for a designated procedure. In the states without fee schedules, healthcare providers are generally reimbursed based on UCR rates charged in the particular state in which the services are provided. Given that we do not control these processes, we may be subject to financial risks, including decreased revenue and profitability, if individual jurisdictions reduce rates or do not routinely raise rates of reimbursement in a manner that keeps pace with the inflation of our costs of service.
Additionally, in our employer services business, while we can directly set the price for these services, the market rates for this portion of our business are substantially lower than the fees we receive for workers’ compensation services. The average rate of reimbursement per visit could increase at rates lower than the rate of inflation in our costs and could lower our margins for services that we provide.
In addition to the risks we face in our occupational health services business, we also face competitive and market pressures in our onsite health clinics that may constrain our ability to raise our pricing for services in a manner that is commensurate with the increases in our costs.
Labor shortages, increased employee turnover, increases in employee-related costs, and union activity could have adverse effects including significant increases in our operating costs and a reduction in profitability.
We have experienced and may continue to experience decreased profitability due to increased labor costs. A number of factors contribute to increased labor costs, such as constrained staffing due to a shortage of healthcare workers, increased dependence on contract workers, the cost of recruiting and training new employees, the cost of retaining existing staff, and other government regulations, which include laws and regulations related to minimum wage standards and workers’ health and safety.
We are highly dependent upon the ability of our affiliated professional medical groups to recruit and retain qualified physicians and other licensed providers to provide services to our existing occupational health centers and onsite health clinics and to expand our business. We compete with many types of healthcare entities, including teaching, research, and government hospitals and institutions, and other practice groups for the services of qualified physicians, clinicians, physical therapists and other healthcare professionals. Our affiliated professional medical groups may not be able to continue to recruit new clinicians or renew contracts with existing clinicians on acceptable terms. Difficulties in attracting and retaining qualified
 
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healthcare personnel can limit our ability to staff our facilities. Our affiliated professional medical groups supplement their clinical personnel with a staffing agency, which can increase our costs and lower our margins. Additionally, the cost of attracting, training, and retaining qualified healthcare personnel has been and may continue to be higher than historical trends which may cause our profitability to decline.
While we have historically experienced some level of ordinary course employee turnover, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting actions have exacerbated labor shortages and increased employee turnover. In some markets, the availability of clinicians and other medical support personnel has been a significant operating issue for healthcare providers, including at certain of our facilities. Increased employee turnover rates within our employee base can lead to decreased efficiency and increased costs, such as increased overtime to meet demand, increased compensation and bonuses to attract and retain employees, and incremental training costs. We may be required to continue to enhance wages and benefits to recruit and retain clinicians and other medical support personnel or to hire more expensive temporary or contract personnel.
An overall or prolonged labor shortage, lack of skilled labor, increased employee turnover or continued increase in the cost of recruiting and retaining employees could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and cash flows. If our labor costs continue to increase, we may not be able to reduce other operating expenses in a manner sufficient to offset these increased labor costs. Our failure to recruit and retain qualified management, clinicians and other medical support personnel, or to control our labor costs, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, United States healthcare providers in recent years have seen an increase in the amount of union activity. Although our workforce is currently non-union, we cannot predict the degree to which we will be affected by future union activity and there may be legislative or executive actions that could result in increased union activity.
If we fail to compete effectively with other occupational health centers, onsite health clinics at employer worksites, and healthcare providers in the local areas we serve, our revenue and profitability may decline.
The healthcare business is highly competitive, and we compete with other occupational health centers, onsite health clinics at employer worksites, and other healthcare providers for customers. If we are unable to compete effectively with other occupational health centers, onsite health clinics at employer worksites and healthcare providers, our ability to retain customers and affiliated physicians, or maintain or increase our revenue, price flexibility, control over medical cost trends, and marketing expenses may be compromised, and our revenue and profitability may decline.
Our primary competitors have typically been independent physicians, hospital emergency departments, hospital-owned or hospital-affiliated medical facilities and urgent care facilities. New competitors in our industry can emerge relatively quickly. The increasing acceptance of telemedicine as a customary means of healthcare delivery reduces geographic barriers and cost of entry for current competitors and new market entrants. The markets in our business are also fragmented and competitive. In addition, significant merger and acquisition activity has occurred in our industry as well as in industries that supply products to us, such as the medical supply and device industries as well as the health information systems industries. If our competitors are better able to attract customers or expand services at their facilities than we are, we may experience an overall decline in revenue.
We may be adversely affected by a failure or security breach of our, or our third-party vendors’, information technology systems, such as a cyber attack, which may subject us to potential legal and reputational harm and have an adverse impact on our business.
In the normal course of business, we rely on our information technology systems to collect, maintain, and process various types of personal information, such as sensitive patient information including patient demographic data, eligibility for various medical plans, and protected health information. Additionally, we utilize those same systems to perform our day-to-day activities that are critical to our business, such as receiving referrals, assigning medical teams to patients, documenting medical information, maintaining an accurate record of all transactions, processing payments, and maintaining our employee’s personal
 
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information. We also contract with third-party vendors to maintain and store personal information, including our patient’s individually identifiable health information, and to manage some of our information technology systems. Numerous state and federal laws and regulations address privacy and information security concerns resulting from our access to personal information.
Our information technology systems and those of our vendors that process, maintain, and transmit personal information are subject to various cybersecurity risks that threaten the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the information technology systems and personal information. Risks to our information technology systems and personal information we or our third party vendors maintain may arise from diverse attack vectors including computer viruses and malware (e.g., ransomware), malicious code, social engineering/phishing, advanced persistent threats, cyber attacks, or other breaches. Failure to maintain the security and functionality of our information systems and related software, or to defend against a cybersecurity attack or other attempt to gain unauthorized access to our or third-party’s systems, facilities, or patient health information could expose us to a number of adverse consequences, including but not limited to disruptions in our operations, regulatory and other civil and criminal penalties, reputational harm, investigations and enforcement actions (including, but not limited to, those arising from the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”), the OIG or state attorneys general), fines, litigation, loss of customers, disputes with payors, and increased cost of services, which either individually or in the aggregate could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations, and liquidity. For example, on November 10, 2023, Perry Johnson & Associates, Inc., a third-party vendor of health information technology solutions that provides medical transcription services (“PJ&A”), notified us that certain information related to particular Concentra patients was potentially affected by a cybersecurity event. In early February 2024, we sent notices to almost four million patients who may have been impacted by the data breach. We are also subject to several lawsuits related to the PJ&A data breach. See “Business — Legal Proceedings.” While we are unable to predict the full impact of the PJ&A data breach at this time, in addition to litigation the PJ&A incident could subject us to enforcement actions, a loss of trust, remediation costs, and any of the other risks described in this section. Although we maintain cyber liability insurance to protect us from losses related to cyber attacks and breaches, not every risk or liability can be insured, and for insurable risks, our policy limits and terms of coverage may not be sufficient to cover all actual losses or liabilities incurred. We also cannot be certain that our existing insurance coverage will continue to be available on acceptable terms or in amounts sufficient to cover the potentially significant losses that may result from a security incident or breach or that the insurer will not deny coverage of any future claim.
Given the rapidly evolving nature and proliferation of cyber threats — including through artificial intelligence — there can be no assurance our training and security measures or other controls will detect, prevent, or remediate security or data breaches in a timely manner or otherwise prevent unauthorized access to, damage to, or interruption of our systems and operations. For example, it has been widely reported that many well-organized international interests, in certain cases with the backing of sovereign governments, are targeting the theft of patient information through the use of advanced persistent threats. A cyber-attack that bypasses our information technology security systems, or those of our third-party vendors, could cause the loss of personal information, including protected health information, or other data subject to privacy laws, the loss of proprietary business information, or a material disruption to our or a third-party vendor’s information technology business systems resulting in a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. In addition, our future results could be adversely affected due to the theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of protected health information, other confidential data, or proprietary business information, operational or business delays resulting from the disruption of information technology systems and subsequent clean-up and mitigation activities, negative publicity resulting in reputation or brand damage with clients, members, or industry peers, or regulatory action taken as a result of such incident. While we are not aware of having experienced a material cyber breach or attack to date, we are likely to face attempted attacks in the future. Accordingly, we may be vulnerable to losses associated with improper functioning, security breaches, or unavailability of our information systems as well as any systems used in acquired operations.
Additionally, our acquisitions require transitions and integration of various information technology systems. If we experience difficulties with the transition and integration of these systems or are unable to implement, maintain, or expand our systems properly, we could suffer from, among other things, operational
 
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disruptions, regulatory problems, working capital disruptions, and increases in administrative expenses. As such, we may inherit risks of security breaches or other compromises when we integrate these companies within our business.
We may be adversely affected by negative publicity which can result in increased governmental and regulatory scrutiny and possibly adverse regulatory changes.
Negative press coverage, including about the industries in which we currently operate, can result in increased governmental and regulatory scrutiny and possibly adverse regulatory changes. Adverse publicity and increased governmental scrutiny can have a negative impact on our reputation with customers and patients and on the morale and performance of our employees, both of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Significant legal actions could subject us to substantial uninsured liabilities.
Our affiliated professional medical groups and some of our colleagues are involved in the delivery of healthcare and related services to the public. In providing these services, the physicians and other licensed providers in our affiliated professional medical groups, and consequently we, are exposed to the risk of professional liability claims. Many of these involve large claims and significant defense costs and if successful, could result in significant liabilities that may exceed our insurance coverage and the financial ability of our affiliated professional medical groups to indemnify us. We are also subject to lawsuits under federal and state whistleblower statutes designed to combat fraud and abuse in the healthcare industry. These whistleblower lawsuits are not covered by insurance and can involve significant monetary damages and award bounties to private plaintiffs who successfully bring the suits. See “Business — Legal Proceedings” and Note 18, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
We currently maintain professional malpractice liability insurance and general liability insurance coverages through a number of different programs that are dependent upon such factors as the state where we are operating and whether the operations are wholly owned or operated through a joint venture.
For our occupational health center operations, we currently maintain insurance coverages under a combination of policies with a total annual aggregate limit of up to $29.0 million for professional malpractice liability and $29.0 million for general liability insurance. Our insurance for the professional liability coverage is written on a “claims-made” basis, and our commercial general liability coverage is maintained on an “occurrence” basis. These coverages apply after a self-insured retention limit is exceeded. We also maintain additional types of liability insurance covering claims which, due to their nature or amount, are not covered by or not fully covered by the applicable professional malpractice and general liability insurance policies, including workers’ compensation, property and casualty, directors and officers, cyber liability insurance and employment practices liability insurance coverages. Our insurance policies generally are silent with respect to punitive damages so coverage is available to the extent insurable under the law of any applicable jurisdiction and are subject to various deductibles and policy limits. We review our insurance program annually and may make adjustments to the amount of insurance coverage and self-insured retentions in future years.
We are subject to a variety of litigation, investigations and audits and other legal and regulatory proceedings and payor audits in the course of our business that could adversely affect our business and financial statements.
We are subject to a variety of litigation and other legal and regulatory proceedings incidental to our business, including claims or counterclaims for damages arising out of our services and claims relating to employment matters, tax matters, commercial disputes, breach of contract claims, environmental matters, personal injury, and insurance coverage, as well as regulatory subpoenas, requests for information, investigations and enforcement. An increasing level of governmental and private resources are being devoted to the investigation of allegations of fraud and abuse in federal healthcare programs, state workers’ compensation programs as well as managed care and commercial insurance programs, and these federal and state regulatory authorities are taking an increasingly strict view of the requirements imposed on healthcare providers. Certain of our facilities have been, are currently, and may in the future be subject to lawsuits, qui tam actions, subpoenas, investigations, audits and other inquiries related to our operations.
 
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Private individuals, including former employees, may report potential violations to regulatory authorities or bring qui tam or whistleblower lawsuits, and these types of actions may be “under seal” for a long period of time while regulatory authorities investigate. We, like other healthcare providers, are subject to investigations of the billing and coding of services provided to federal healthcare program, workers’ compensation program, managed care and commercial insurance patients, including whether such services were properly documented and billed, whether services provided were medically necessary and compliant with conditions of participation or payment. These claims, lawsuits, and proceedings are in various stages of adjudication or investigation and involve a wide variety of claims and potential outcomes. For example, we are currently being investigated separately by the DOJ and the California Department of Insurance, in each case relating to our billing and coding for physical therapy claims. See “Business — Legal Proceedings”. While we believe our practices are compliant, the investigations continue to evolve and could result in the government pursuing civil legal claims against us that may result in substantial liabilities or the imposition of additional compliance and reporting requirements as part of a consent decree, settlement agreement or corporate integrity agreement. Private payors such as third-party insurance and managed care entities often reserve the right to conduct audits and investigations. We may also become subject to lawsuits as a result of past or future acquisitions or as a result of liabilities retained from, or representations, warranties or indemnities provided in connection with, businesses divested by us or our predecessors. The types of claims made in lawsuits include claims for compensatory damages, punitive and consequential damages (and in some cases, treble damages) and/or injunctive relief. The defense of these lawsuits may divert our management’s attention, we may incur significant expenses in defending these lawsuits, and we may be required to pay damage awards or settlements or become subject to equitable remedies that could adversely affect our operations and financial statements. Moreover, any insurance or indemnification rights that we may have may be insufficient or unavailable to protect us against such losses. Even an unsuccessful challenge or investigation into our practices could cause adverse publicity and require us to incur significant costs and could result in a material adverse effect to our reputation and business. In addition, developments in proceedings in any given period may require us to adjust the loss contingency estimates that we have recorded in our financial statements, record estimates for liabilities or assets previously not susceptible of reasonable estimates or pay cash settlements or judgments. Any of these developments could adversely affect our financial statements in any particular period. We cannot assure you that our liabilities in connection with litigation and other legal and regulatory proceedings will not exceed our estimates or adversely affect our financial statements and business. However, based on our experience, current information and applicable law, we do not believe that it is reasonably possible that any amounts we may be required to pay in connection with litigation and other legal and regulatory proceedings in excess of our reserves as of the date of this prospectus will have a material effect on our financial statements.
Noncompliance with billing and documentation requirements could result in non-payment or subject us to billing, coding or other compliance audits or investigations by government authorities or private payors.
Payors typically have differing and complex billing and documentation requirements. If we fail to comply with these payor-specific requirements, we may not be paid for our services or payment may be substantially delayed or reduced. While we have policies and procedures in place, it is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct or improper activities by employees, independent contractors, licensed providers and third parties, including noncompliance with billing, coding and clinical documentation requirements and other regulatory standards and requirements. Moreover, federal and state laws, rules and regulations impose substantial penalties, including criminal and civil fines, monetary penalties, exclusion from participation in government healthcare programs and imprisonment, on entities or individuals (including any individual corporate officers, physicians or licensed providers deemed responsible) that fraudulently or wrongfully bill government-funded programs or other third-party payors for healthcare services. Both federal and state government agencies have heightened and coordinated civil and criminal enforcement efforts as part of numerous ongoing investigations of healthcare companies, as well as their executives and managers, with enforcement actions covering a variety of topics, including referral and billing practices. Further, the federal False Claims Act and a growing number of state laws allow private parties to bring qui tam or “whistleblower” lawsuits against companies for false billing violations.
We have been, are and may be subject in the future to governmental reviews, audits, and investigations to verify our compliance with federal healthcare program requirements and applicable laws and regulations. CMS contracts with Recovery Audit Contractors (“RACs”) and other contractors on a contingency fee
 
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basis to conduct post-payment reviews to detect and correct improper payments in the Medicare program. Private third-party payors may conduct similar post-payment audits. We are routinely subject to audits, and any delays in timely providing requested records, negative audit findings or allegations of fraud or abuse may subject us to liability, such as overpayment liability, refunds or recoupments of previously paid claims, payment suspension or the revocation of billing or payment privileges in governmental healthcare programs. Such actions, if imposed on us or our subsidiaries, could materially and adversely impact our revenue, financial condition and results of operations.
Insurance coverage, even where available, may not be sufficient to cover losses we may incur.
Our business exposes us to the risk of liabilities and losses arising from our operations. For example, we may be liable for claims brought by patients, customers, employees, or other third parties for personal injury or property damage arising from the use of our services or premises, as well as professional liability claims against our affiliated professional medical groups. We also may face liabilities or losses due to site-specific incidents (such as fires, explosions, flooding, or power outages), natural disasters (such as hurricanes, earthquakes, or other severe natural events), cyber-security incidents, and similar factors. We seek to minimize these risks where practicable and economical through various insurance contracts from third-party insurance carriers. However, any insurance coverage we purchase or otherwise have access to is subject to large deductibles on individual claims, policy limits (on individual claims and all claims in the aggregate), and other terms and conditions. We retain an insurance risk reserve for the deductible portion of each claim and for any gaps in insurance coverage. We do not view insurance, by itself, as a material mitigant to our business risks, and our insurance may not be sufficient to cover losses we may incur. Any losses that insurance does not substantially cover could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the insurance industry has become more selective in offering some types of insurance, such as product liability and cyber-security insurance, and we may not be able to obtain certain insurance coverage on favorable terms, or at all, in the future.
Recent state laws that regulate healthcare costs, access to care and quality may impact our ability as a healthcare support service provider to do certain transactions.
In recent years, states including California, Connecticut, Illinois, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Rhode Island and Washington are becoming increasingly interested in the review of health care transactions for impacts on costs, access to care and quality. Transactions involving multi-state organizations with hundreds of health care providers across the country can now be subject to state reviews because one or more providers derive revenue from patients within the state. Certain state laws apply to transactions involving MSOs, and the review processes can involve lengthy review and approval periods, require enhanced disclosure obligations and impact analysis, public notices and hearings, and approval conditions and post-closing oversight, including ongoing reporting obligations. Overall, these state laws regulating costs, access to care and quality, in effect and those that may go into effect in the future, may delay or burden our transactions, including future add-on acquisitions, increase costs associated with expansion, require intrusive disclosures, and impose onerous, ongoing reporting obligations. If there are any delays in receiving regulatory approvals from the applicable government agencies, or the inability to receive such approvals, such delays or denials could negatively impact our business.
Current and future acquisitions may use significant resources, may be unsuccessful, and could expose us to unforeseen liabilities.
As part of our growth strategy, we have a history of pursuing acquisitions of companies providing services that are similar or complementary to those that we provide in our businesses to better leverage our existing, scalable infrastructure, and may continue to pursue this strategy in the future. These acquisitions may involve significant cash expenditures, debt incurrence, additional operating losses and expenses, and compliance risks that could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to successfully integrate our acquired businesses into our company, and therefore, we may not be able to realize the intended benefits of an acquisition. If we fail to successfully integrate acquisitions, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected. These acquisitions could result in difficulties integrating acquired operations, technologies, and personnel into our
 
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business. Such difficulties may divert significant financial, operational, and managerial resources from our existing operations and make it more difficult to achieve our operating and strategic objectives. We may fail to retain employees or employer customers acquired through these acquisitions, which may negatively impact the integration efforts. These acquisitions could also harm our results of operations if it is subsequently determined that goodwill or other acquired intangible assets are impaired, thus resulting in an impairment charge in a future period.
In addition, these acquisitions involve risks that the acquired businesses will not perform in accordance with expectations, that we may become liable for unforeseen financial or business liabilities of the acquired businesses, including liabilities for failure to comply with healthcare regulations, that the expected synergies associated with acquisitions will not be achieved, and that business judgments concerning the value, strengths, and weaknesses of businesses acquired will prove incorrect, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on third parties in many aspects of our business, which exposes us to additional risks that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on relationships with third parties, suppliers, distributors, contractors, logistics providers, and other external business partners, in many aspects of our business. If we are unable to effectively manage our third-party relationships and the agreements under which our third-party partners operate, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Furthermore, failure of these third parties to meet their obligations to us or substantial disruptions in our relationships with these third parties could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. While we have policies and procedures for managing these relationships, they inherently involve a lesser degree of control over business operations, compliance matters, and ESG practices, thereby potentially increasing our reputational, legal, financial, and operational risk. If our suppliers or other third-party partners fail to comply with applicable laws, regulations, safety codes, employment practices, human rights standards, quality standards, environmental standards, health and safety standards, production practices or other obligations, norms, or ethical standards, our reputation or our brands could be damaged, and we could be exposed to litigation, investigations, enforcement actions, monetary liability and additional costs that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In connection with the Separation, we may need to replace certain of our existing contracts with third parties and, with respect to certain contracts, including contracts related to information technology and cyber-security matters, that are intended to be transferred, in whole or in part, from Select to us, obtain consents or approvals from third parties. If we are unable to obtain these replacement contracts or required consents or approvals, or if we can only do so on less favorable terms, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
In conducting our business, we are required to comply with applicable laws regarding the corporate practice of medicine and therapy and professional fee-splitting.
Many states prohibit, by statute, regulation, guidance from professional licensing boards or state attorneys general or under common law, the unlicensed practice of certain professionals, such as medicine and physical therapy. Corporate practice restrictions are generally designed to prohibit a non-professional entity or individual from owning a practice, employing providers or controlling or unduly influencing the professional practice and clinical decision making of the licensed professional. The laws relating to corporate practice vary from state to state and are subject to change and to evolving interpretations by courts, state licensing boards and state attorneys general, among others. Further, changes to the membership or staff of state agencies, licensing boards or attorney general offices could lead to increased enforcement of these laws and regulations.
Many states also have laws that prohibit a non-professional entity or individual from sharing in or splitting profits or professional fees for patient care, often referred to as “fee-splitting.” Some states also prohibit entities from engaging in certain financial arrangements, such as fee-splitting, with physicians or therapists. The laws relating to fee-splitting also vary from state to state and are not fully developed. Generally, these laws restrict business arrangements that involve a physician or therapist sharing professional fees
 
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with a non-professional source, but in some states, these laws have been interpreted to extend to management agreements between physicians or therapists and business entities under some circumstances.
We believe that our current and planned activities do not constitute the unlawful practice of medicine or fee-splitting, or the unlawful corporate practice of medicine or therapy as contemplated by these state laws. However, the interpretations of such laws vary from state to state and are enforced by governmental, judicial, law enforcement or regulatory authorities with broad discretion. Additionally, it is possible that the laws and rules governing the practice of medicine and therapy and fee-splitting in one or more jurisdictions may change in a manner adverse to our business. Accordingly, we must monitor our compliance with laws in every jurisdiction in which we operate on an ongoing basis, and there can be no assurance that future interpretations of such laws will not require structural and organizational modification of our existing relationships with the affiliated professional medical groups. State regulatory authorities may review our agreements with affiliated professional medical groups and structure for legal and regulatory compliance. The specific restrictions that may be imposed on us if we are found to violate the laws governing corporate practice of or professional fee-splitting vary from state to state.
If a court or regulatory body determines that we have violated these laws or if new laws are introduced that would render our arrangements illegal, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, and our contracts could be found legally invalid and unenforceable (in whole or in part), or we could be required to restructure our contractual arrangements with our affiliated physicians and other licensed providers and restructure our business model.
We are dependent on our relationships with affiliated professional entities that we do not own to provide healthcare services, and our business would be harmed if those relationships were disrupted or if our arrangements with these entities become subject to legal challenges.
Due to the prevalence of the corporate practice of medicine doctrine, including in certain states where we conduct our business, we do not own the affiliated professional entities medical group that we contract with to provide healthcare services, which we refer to herein as “Managed PCs.” We enter into MSAs with such entities. Each MSA typically has a term of 40 years but may be terminated by the Managed PCs under certain circumstances. The Managed PCs are wholly owned by physician providers licensed in their respective states. Under the MSAs between our MSOs and each Managed PC, we provide various administrative and operations support services in exchange for scheduled fees at the fair market value of our services provided to each Managed PC. As a result, our ability to receive fees from the Managed PCs is limited to the fair market value of the services provided under the MSAs. To the extent our ability to receive fees from the Managed PCs is limited, our ability to use that cash for growth, debt service or other uses at the Managed PC may be impaired and, as a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Some of the relevant laws, regulations and agency interpretations in states with corporate practice of medicine restrictions have been subject to limited judicial and regulatory interpretation. Moreover, state laws are subject to change. There is a risk that authorities in some jurisdictions may find that our contractual relationships with the Managed PCs, which govern the provision of management and administrative services, violate laws prohibiting the corporate practice of medicine and fee splitting. The extent to which each state may consider particular actions or contractual relationships to constitute improper influence of professional judgment varies across the states and is subject to change and to evolving interpretations by state boards of medicine and state attorneys general, among others. Accordingly, we must monitor our compliance with laws in every jurisdiction in which we operate on an ongoing basis, and we cannot provide assurance that our activities and arrangements, if challenged, will be found to be in compliance with the law.
While the MSAs prohibit us from controlling, influencing or otherwise interfering with the practice of medicine at each Managed PC, and provide that physicians retain exclusive control and responsibility for all aspects of the practice of medicine, there can be no assurance that our contractual arrangements and activities with the Managed PCs will be free from scrutiny from authorities, and we cannot guarantee that subsequent interpretation of the corporate practice of medicine and fee splitting laws will not circumscribe our business operations. State corporate practice of medicine doctrines also often impose penalties on physicians themselves for aiding the corporate practice of medicine, which could discourage providers from participating in our network of physicians. If a successful legal challenge or an adverse change in relevant
 
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laws were to occur, and we were unable to adapt our business model accordingly, our operations in affected jurisdictions would be disrupted, which could harm our business.
In addition to the MSAs, we enter into succession agreements and other arrangements with their physician equity holders that have certain contractual rights relating to the orderly transfer of equity interests. Such equity interests cannot, however, be transferred to or held by us or by any non-professional organization. Accordingly, neither we nor our direct subsidiaries directly own any equity interests in any of our physician practices. In the event that any of the physician owners of our practices fail to comply with the management arrangement, if any management arrangement is terminated and/or we are unable to enforce our contractual rights over the orderly transfer of equity interests in any of our physician practices, such events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
While we expect that our relationships with the Managed PCs will continue, a material change in our relationship with these entities, or among the Managed PCs, whether resulting from a dispute among the entities, a challenge from a governmental regulator, a change in government regulation, or the loss of these relationships or contracts with the Managed PCs, could impair our ability to provide services to our patients and could harm our business. For example, our arrangements in place to help ensure an orderly succession of the owner or owners of the Managed PCs upon the occurrence of certain events may be challenged, which may impact our relationship with the Managed PCs and harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. The MSAs and these succession arrangements could also subject us to additional scrutiny by federal and state regulatory bodies regarding federal and state fraud and abuse laws. Any scrutiny, investigation or litigation with regard to our arrangement with the Managed PCs, and any resulting penalties, including monetary fines and restrictions on or mandated changes to our current business and operating arrangements, could harm our business.
We are subject to extensive federal and state laws and regulations relating to the privacy of personal information, including protected health information, and any actual or perceived failure to comply could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Numerous state and federal laws, regulations, standards, and other legal obligations, including consumer protection laws and regulations, that govern the collection, dissemination, use, access to, confidentiality, security and processing of personal information, including protected health information (“PHI”), apply to our operations and the operations of our partners. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with data privacy laws, rules, regulations, industry standards and other requirements could result in proceedings or actions against us by individuals, consumer rights groups, government agencies, or others. We could incur significant costs in investigating and defending such claims and, if found liable, pay significant damages or fines or be required to make changes to our business. Further, these proceedings and any subsequent adverse outcomes may subject us to significant negative publicity and an erosion of trust. If any of these events were to occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
For example, the administrative simplification provisions of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009, and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, “HIPAA”), establish privacy, security, and breach notification obligations on certain healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses, known as covered entities, as well as their respective business associates that perform certain services that involve creating, receiving, maintaining, or transmitting individually identifiable health information for or on behalf of such covered entities, as well as their covered subcontractors. HIPAA requires covered entities and business associates to develop and maintain policies with respect to the protection, use, and disclosure of PHI, including the adoption of administrative, physical and technical safeguards to protect such information, and certain notification requirements in the event of a breach of unsecured PHI.
Covered entities must report breaches of unsecured PHI to affected individuals without unreasonable delay, and not to exceed 60 days following discovery of the breach by a covered entity or its agents. Notification also must be made to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”), Office for Civil Rights (“OCR”), and, under certain circumstances involving large breaches, to the media. A business
 
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associate must notify the relevant covered entity of a breach of unsecured PHI within 60 days of discovery. A non-permitted use or disclosure of PHI is presumed to be a breach under HIPAA unless the covered entity or business associate establishes that there is a low probability the information has been compromised consistent with requirements enumerated in HIPAA.
Entities that are found to be in violation of HIPAA as the result of a breach of unsecured PHI, a complaint about privacy practices or an audit by OCR, may be subject to significant civil, criminal, and administrative fines and penalties and/or additional reporting and oversight obligations if required to enter into a resolution agreement and corrective action plan with OCR to settle allegations of HIPAA non-compliance. While HIPAA does not create a private right of action allowing individuals to sue us in civil court for violations of HIPAA, its standards have been used as the basis for duty of care in state civil suits such as those for negligence or recklessness in the misuse or breach of PHI.
Even when HIPAA does not apply, according to the FTC, violating consumers’ privacy rights or failing to take appropriate steps to keep consumers’ personal information secure may constitute unfair and/or deceptive acts or practices in violation of Section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act. The FTC expects a company’s data security measures to be reasonable and appropriate in light of the sensitivity and volume of consumer information it holds, the size and complexity of its business, and the cost of available tools to improve security and reduce vulnerabilities.
We are also subject to marketing privacy laws. For example, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (“TCPA”) governs unsolicited telephone marketing calls, including those using automated and prerecorded messages. In addition to increased enforcement by the FTC and Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”), a significant risk under the TCPA lies with private actions filed by consumers, frequently filed as class action lawsuits. The TCPA provides a private right of action for violations and statutory damages and when multiplied against a large number of calls, text messages or fax transmissions, potential damages in these cases can be significant.
Along with rules governing commercial telemarketing, the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing (“CAN-SPAM”) Act of 2003 governs anyone who advertising products or services by electronic mail directed to or originating from the United States. The law covers the transmission of e-mail messages whose primary purposes is advertising or promoting a product or services and requires such email transmissions to include specific elements and language such as return e-mail addresses and opt out notices. CAN-SPAM is enforced primarily by the FTC and carries significant penalties. In addition, deceptive commercial e-mail is subject to laws banning false or misleading advertising.
Moreover, certain states such as California and Washington have adopted privacy and security laws and regulations, which govern the privacy, processing and protection of health-related and other personal information. Such laws and regulations are ever evolving and create complex compliance issues for us and our customers and strategic partners. Any failure to comply with such laws could materially adversely impact our business.
If we fail to comply with applicable data interoperability and information blocking rules, it could materially adversely impact our business.
The 21st Century Cures Act (the “Cures Act”), which was passed and signed into law in December 2016, includes provisions related to data interoperability, information blocking and patient access. In March 2020, the HHS Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (“ONC”), and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Service (“CMS”) finalized and issued complementary rules that are intended to clarify provisions of the Cures Act regarding interoperability and information blocking, and include, among other things, requirements surrounding information blocking, changes to ONC’s health IT certification program and requirements that CMS regulated payors make relevant claims/care data and provider directory information available through standardized patient access and provider directory application programming interfaces, or APIs, that connect to provider electronic health record systems (“EHRs”). The companion rules will transform the way in which healthcare providers, health IT developers, health information exchanges/health information networks (“HIEs/HINs”), and health plans share patient information, and create significant new requirements for healthcare industry participants. For example, the ONC rule, which went into effect on April 5, 2021, prohibits healthcare providers, health IT developers of certified health IT, and
 
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HIEs/HINs from engaging in practices that are likely to interfere with, prevent, materially discourage, or otherwise inhibit the access, exchange or use of electronic health information, or EHI, also known as “information blocking.” To further support access and exchange of EHI, the ONC rule identifies eight “reasonable and necessary activities” as exceptions to information blocking activities, as long as specific conditions are met. In June 2023, the OIG published its final rule implementing the statutory penalties for information blocking, which are up to $1 million per violation. Enforcement of information blocking penalties began on September 1, 2023. In October 2023, HHS proposed a rule to establish disincentives for healthcare providers that participate in certain Medicare programs that have been determined by the OIG to have committed information blocking. Further, in December 2023, ONC finalized its rule titled Health Data, Technology, and Interoperability: Certification Program Updates, Algorithm Transparency, and Information Sharing (“HTI-1 Final Rule”). Among other things, the HTI-1 Final Rule narrows the scope of entities that qualify as certified health IT developers, makes updates to its Health IT Certification Program requirements, a voluntary program for certifying health IT, and modifies the information blocking exceptions. Any failure to comply with these rules could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Facility licensure requirements in some states are costly and time-consuming, limiting or delaying our operations, and failure to comply with laws or regulation relating to permit, licensing and accreditation requirements, could result in fines, penalties and other adverse action, the loss of licenses, permits and accreditations and adversely affect our business and our financial condition.
State Departments of Health or other state regulatory agencies may require us to obtain licenses, permits, registrations, certificates of need, accreditations and/or certifications in the various states in which we have our occupational health centers and onsite health clinics at employer worksites and in connection with our pharmacy distribution, utilization review and third-party administrator services. Our occupational health centers and onsite clinics must comply with Medicare program and state licensure requirements and are subject to surveys and investigations from federal and state agencies as well as accreditations organizations. Our occupational health centers and onsite health clinics are subject to extensive federal, state and local regulation relating to, among other things, to the adequacy of healthcare, equipment, personnel, operating policies and procedures, workplace safety, maintenance of adequate records, controlled substances, handling radioactive materials, fire prevention, rate-setting, building codes, environmental protection, clinical laboratory and X-ray and radiation standards. Our centers and clinics are subject to periodic inspection by governmental and other authorities to assure continued compliance with the various standards necessary for licensing and accreditation and the failure to timely address and correct any deficiencies could result in fines, penalties, suspended operations or closures and other adverse action against the surveyed facility and could impact our operations at other facilities in the same state. In addition, states impose licensing requirements on individual physicians and other medical support personnel. We strive to comply with all applicable laws, regulations and other legal obligations relating to accreditation, permit and licensing requirements. Although we currently have no reason to believe that we will be unable to obtain the necessary licenses without unreasonable expense or delay, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain any required licensure. However, there can be no assurance that regulatory authorities will determine that all applicable requirements are fully met at any given time. Additionally, although we currently have no reason to believe that we will be unable to obtain any licenses required in the future without unreasonable expense or delay, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain any required licensure. Should any of our occupational health centers or onsite health clinics be found to be noncompliant with these requirements, we could be subject to fines, penalties and other adverse action, including the loss of licenses, permits and accreditations or be required to cease operations in a state, and our business, operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
If we are unable to maintain, protect or enforce our rights in our proprietary technology, brands or other intellectual property, our competitive advantage, business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.
Our success is dependent, in part, upon protecting our intellectual property rights, including those in our brands and our proprietary know-how and technology. We rely on a combination of trademark, trade secret, copyright and other intellectual property laws as well as contractual arrangements to establish and protect our intellectual property rights. While it is our policy to protect and defend our rights to our
 
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intellectual property, we cannot predict whether the measures that we have taken will be adequate to prevent infringement, misappropriation, dilution or other violations of our intellectual property rights, or that we will be able to successfully enforce our rights. Our failure to obtain or maintain adequate protection of our intellectual property rights for any reason could result in an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We rely on our trademarks and trade names to distinguish our services from the services of our competitors, and have registered or applied to register our key trademarks. We cannot assure you that our trademark applications will be approved. Third parties may also oppose our trademark applications, or otherwise challenge our use of the trademarks. In the event that our trademarks are successfully challenged, we could be forced to rebrand our services, which could result in loss of brand recognition, and could require us to devote resources advertising and marketing new brands. Further, we cannot assure you that competitors will not infringe our trademarks, or that we will have adequate resources to enforce our trademarks.
While software and other of our proprietary works may be protected under copyright law, we have not registered any copyrights in these works, and instead, we primarily rely on protecting our software as a trade secret. In order to bring a copyright infringement lawsuit in the United States, the copyright must first be registered. Accordingly, the remedies and damages available to us for unauthorized use of our software may be limited.
Although we attempt to protect certain of our proprietary technologies by entering into confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, and others who have access to such technologies and information, these agreements may be breached, and we cannot guarantee that we will have sufficient remedies in the event of the agreements are breached. Furthermore, trade secret laws do no not prevent our competitors from independently developing technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to ours. Accordingly, despite our efforts to maintain these technologies as trade secrets, we cannot guarantee that others will not independently develop technologies with the same or similar functions to any proprietary technology we rely on to conduct our business and differentiate ourselves from our competitors. Policing unauthorized use of our know-how, technology and intellectual property is difficult, costly, time-consuming and may not be effective. Third parties may knowingly or unknowingly infringe our proprietary rights. We may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and enforce our intellectual property rights. Any litigation could be expensive to resolve, be time consuming and divert management’s attention, and may not ultimately be resolved in our favor. Furthermore, if we bring a claim to enforce our intellectual property rights against an alleged infringer, the alleged infringer may bring counterclaims challenging the validity, enforceability or scope of our intellectual property rights, and if any such counterclaims are successful, we could lose valuable intellectual property rights. Any of these events could seriously harm our business.
If third parties claim that we infringe upon their intellectual property rights, our operations could be adversely affected.
We may become subject to claims that we infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate the intellectual property rights of others. Even if we believe these claims are without merit, any claim of infringement, misappropriation or other violation could cause us to incur substantial costs defending against the claim, and could distract management and other personnel from other business. Any successful claim of infringement against us could require us to pay substantial monetary damages, require us to seek licenses of intellectual property from third parties or prevent us from using certain trademarks and require us to rebrand our services. Any licensing or royalty agreements, if required, may not be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Any of the foregoing could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Financial and Economic Market Conditions
Adverse economic conditions in the U.S. or globally could adversely affect us.
We are exposed to fluctuating market conditions, especially in the labor market with respect to employer hiring, labor participation, and employee turnover and productivity. For example, workforce reductions could lead to declines in work-related injuries and resulting workers’ compensation claims and
 
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employer services volume, which may adversely affect our business. In addition, healthcare spending in the U.S. could be negatively affected in the event of an economic downturn. A continued economic downturn or recession, or slowing or stalled recovery therefrom, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, as it could negatively impact our current and prospective customers, adversely affect the financial ability of payors to pay claims, adversely impact our ability to pay our expenses and limit our ability to obtain financing for our operations.
Healthcare spending in the U.S. could be negatively affected in the event of a downturn in economic conditions. For example, employers and patients who reduce their overall spending may elect to decrease the frequency of visits to our facilities, thereby reducing demand for our services. A reduction in workforce may also lead to declines in workers’ compensation claims, which may adversely affect our business. Approximately 60% of our revenue was generated from the treatment of workers’ compensation claims in 2023.
Inflation has also increased throughout the U.S. economy. In the current inflationary environment, we have and may continue to experience increases in labor costs, supply chain costs, capital expenditures and other costs of doing business. For instance, during the recovery period following the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in early 2020, we experienced significant staffing shortages. These shortages were driven primarily by higher than historical turnover and lower replacement candidate levels. In 2020, and the subsequent years of 2021 and 2022, we initiated compensation strategies to combat the higher turnover and attract new colleagues. These strategies resulted in salary inflation pressure that was in excess of our normal annual merit increase percentages. We also predominantly lease our occupational health center locations. Since the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, we have experienced, and continue to experience, higher than normal facility lease renewal increases. Relatedly, construction costs have continued to increase since the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in longer payback period on our capital investments.
To help mitigate the inflationary pressures on our business, we have implemented compensation strategies, selective price increases in certain markets, supply chain optimization initiatives and carefully monitor labor costs in our day-to-day operations. However, cost increases due to inflationary pressures may outpace our expectations and we may not be able to offset the higher costs through price increases and achieve cost efficiencies, causing us to use our cash and other liquid assets faster than forecasted. If we are unable to successfully manage the effects of inflation, our business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition may be adversely affected.
We are currently operating in a period of economic uncertainty and capital markets disruption, which has been significantly impacted by geopolitical instability due to the ongoing Israel-Palestine and Russia-Ukraine military conflicts. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected by any negative impact on the global economy, capital markets and supply chains resulting from such conflicts or any other geopolitical tensions.
U.S. and global markets are experiencing volatility and disruption following the escalation of geopolitical tensions and the military conflicts between Russia and Ukraine as well as Israel, Iran and Palestine. Although the length and impact of the ongoing military conflicts is highly unpredictable, such conflicts could lead to market disruptions, including significant volatility in credit and capital markets, as well as supply chain interruptions. We are continuing to monitor the conflicts and assessing their potential impact on our business.
The ongoing military conflict in Ukraine has led to sanctions and other penalties being levied by the United States, the European Union and various other countries against Russia. Additional sanctions or other measures may be imposed by the global community, and counteractive measures may be taken by the Russian government, other entities in Russia or governments or other entities outside of Russia that could adversely affect the global economy and lead to instability in capital markets. Furthermore, the ongoing conflict involving Israel, Iran and Palestine and the potential destabilization of the Middle East region due to rising geographical tensions may cause additional economic uncertainty, including increased inflation and supply chain disruptions.
It is impossible to predict the extent to which our operations, or those of our customers, third party partners or suppliers, will be impacted in the short or long term, or the ways in which these conflicts may
 
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impact our business. It is also not possible to predict with certainty these ongoing conflicts’ additional adverse effects on existing macroeconomic conditions, currency exchange rates and financial markers, all of which may affect our business operations. The extent and duration of the military actions, sanctions and resulting market disruptions are impossible to predict, but could be substantial. Any or all of the foregoing risks could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, particularly as these conflicts continue for an indefinite period of time. Given that developments concerning the Israel-Palestine and Russia-Ukraine military conflicts are ongoing and have been constantly evolving, additional impacts and risks may arise that are not presently known to us. The Israel-Palestine and Russia-Ukraine military conflicts may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.
Impairment of our goodwill and other intangible assets would result in a reduction in net income.
Due in part to our growth through acquisitions, we have a material amount of goodwill, trademarks and other intangible assets, as well as other long-lived assets, which are periodically evaluated for impairment in accordance with current accounting standards. We may confront events and circumstances that can lead to an impairment charge, including macroeconomic industry and market conditions, significant adverse shifts in our operating environment or the manner in which an asset is used, pending litigation or other regulatory matters and current or forecasted reductions in revenue, operating income or cash flows associated with the use of an asset. Impairment charges have resulted, and may in the future result, in a reduction in net income and an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Indebtedness
Our substantial indebtedness may limit the amount of cash flow available to invest in the ongoing needs of our business.
We have a substantial amount of indebtedness. On a pro forma basis, after giving effect to, among other things, the incurrence of the Credit Facilities, as of March 31, 2024, we would have had approximately $1,488.0 million of total indebtedness. Our indebtedness could have important consequences to you. For example, it:

requires us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our indebtedness, reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, development activity, acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes;

increases our vulnerability to adverse general economic or industry conditions;

limits our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business or the industries in which we operate;

makes us more vulnerable to increases in interest rates, as borrowings under our Credit Facilities are at variable rates, subject to our interest rate cap agreement;

limits our ability to borrow additional funds in the future for working capital or take advantage of business opportunities as they arise, pay cash dividends or repurchase shares of our common stock;

limits our ability to pay dividends; and

reduces the cash flow available to fund capital expenditures and other corporate purposes and to grow our business placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less indebtedness.
The risks described above will increase with the amount of indebtedness we incur in the future. Furthermore, to the extent our indebtedness bears interest at variable rates, our ability to borrow additional funds may be reduced and the risks described above would intensify if these rates were to increase significantly, whether because of an increase in market interest rates or a decrease in our creditworthiness. In addition, our actual cash requirements in the future may be greater than expected. Our cash flow from operations may not be sufficient to service our outstanding debt or to repay the outstanding debt as it becomes due, and we may not be able to borrow money, sell assets or otherwise raise funds on acceptable terms, or at all, to service or refinance our debt.
 
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Any of these consequences could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects, and ability to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness. In addition, there would be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows if we were unable to service our indebtedness or obtain additional financing, as needed.
See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations —Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
Our Credit Facilities require us to comply with certain covenants and obligations, the default of which may result in the acceleration of certain of our indebtedness.
In the case of an event of default under the agreements governing our Credit Facilities, the lenders under such agreements could elect to declare all amounts borrowed, together with accrued and unpaid interest and other fees, to be due and payable. If we are unable to obtain a waiver from the requisite lenders under such circumstances, these lenders could exercise their rights, then our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected, and we could become bankrupt or insolvent.
Our credit agreement contains several covenants such as limitations on mergers, consolidations and dissolutions; sales of assets; investments and acquisitions; indebtedness; liens; affiliate transactions; and dividends and restricted payments. Our Credit Facilities also require us to maintain a leverage ratio (based upon the ratio of indebtedness to consolidated EBITDA as defined in the agreements governing our Credit Facilities), which is tested quarterly. Failure to comply with any of these covenants would result in an event of default under our Credit Facilities.
Our inability to comply with any of these covenants could result in a default under our Credit Facilities. In the event of any default under the Credit Facilities, the revolving lenders could elect to terminate borrowing commitments and declare all borrowings outstanding, together with accrued and unpaid interest and other fees, to be immediately due and payable. A breach of a covenant under our credit agreement could result in a default under that debt instrument and, due to cross-default provisions, could result in a default under the other debt instrument. A default under our Credit Facilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects, and may even lead to bankruptcy or insolvency.
Payment of interest on, and repayment of principal of, our indebtedness is dependent in part on cash flow generated by our subsidiaries.
Payment of interest on, and repayment of, principal of our indebtedness will be dependent in part upon cash flow generated by our subsidiaries and their ability to make such cash available to us, by dividend, debt repayment, or otherwise. Our subsidiaries may not be able to, or be permitted to, make distributions to enable us to make payments in respect of our indebtedness. Each of our subsidiaries is a distinct legal entity and, under certain circumstances, legal and contractual restrictions may limit our ability to obtain cash from our subsidiaries. In the event that we do not receive distributions from our subsidiaries, we may be unable to make required principal and interest payments on our indebtedness. In addition, any payment of interest, dividends, distributions, loans, or advances by our subsidiaries to us could be subject to restrictions on dividends or repatriation of distributions under applicable local law, monetary transfer restrictions, and foreign currency exchange regulations in the jurisdictions in which the subsidiaries operate or under arrangements with local partners. Furthermore, the ability of our subsidiaries to make such payments of interest, dividends, distributions, loans, or advances may be contested by taxing authorities in the relevant jurisdictions.
Despite our substantial level of indebtedness, we may be able to incur additional indebtedness. This could further exacerbate the risks described above, especially in the current rising interest rate environment.
We may be able to incur additional indebtedness in the future. Although our Credit Facilities contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions, and the indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. Also, these restrictions do not prevent us or our subsidiaries from incurring obligations that do not constitute indebtedness.
 
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Further, the U.S. Federal Reserve has raised certain benchmark interest rates in an effort to combat inflation. Changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on markets, may result in heightened market volatility and may detract from our performance to the extent we are exposed to such interest rates and/or volatility. In periods of rising interest rates, such as the current interest rate environment, to the extent we borrow money subject to a floating interest rate, our operating costs would increase, which could reduce our net income.
We may be unable to refinance our debt on terms favorable to us or at all, which would negatively impact our business and financial condition.
We are subject to risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risk that our cash flow will be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest. While we intend to refinance all of our indebtedness before it matures, there can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance any maturing indebtedness, that such refinancing will be on terms as favorable to us as the terms of the maturing indebtedness or, if the indebtedness cannot be refinanced, that we will be able to otherwise obtain funds by selling assets or raising equity to make required payments on our maturing indebtedness. Furthermore, if prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of refinancing result in higher interest rates upon refinancing, then the interest expense relating to that refinanced indebtedness would increase. If we are unable to refinance our indebtedness at or before maturity or otherwise meet our payment obligations, our business and financial condition will be negatively impacted, and we may be in default under our indebtedness. Any default under our Credit Facilities would permit lenders to foreclose on our assets, which may also result in the acceleration of that indebtedness.
See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations —Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
Failure to maintain satisfactory credit ratings could adversely affect our liquidity, capital position, borrowing costs and access to capital markets.
We expect that credit rating agencies will routinely evaluate us, and their ratings of our long-term and short-term debt will be based on a number of factors. Our credit ratings may be lower than those of Select. Once a credit rating is obtained, any downgrade of that rating by a credit rating agency, whether as a result of our actions or factors which are beyond our control, could increase the cost of borrowing under any indebtedness we may incur, reduce market capacity for our commercial paper or require the posting of additional collateral. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain satisfactory credit ratings once established, and any actual or anticipated changes or downgrades in our credit ratings, including any announcement that our ratings are under review for a downgrade, could adversely affect our liquidity, capital position, borrowing costs or access to capital markets.
Risks Related to the Separation and the Distribution
We have no recent history of operating as a standalone public company, and our historical and pro forma financial information may not necessarily reflect the results that we would have achieved as a standalone public company or what our results may be in the future.
Since 2015, we have operated as part of Select. The financial information included in this prospectus has been prepared from Select’s historical accounting records and is derived from the consolidated financial statements of Select to present Concentra as if it had been operating on a standalone basis. Accordingly, this information may not necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows would have been had we been a standalone company during the periods presented or what our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be in the future, primarily because of the following factors:

Prior to the Separation, our business has been operated by Select as part of its broader corporate organization, rather than as a standalone company. Select or one of its affiliates performed various corporate functions for us, including finance, human resources, benefits administration, procurement support, information technology, legal, corporate governance and other professional services.
 
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Our historical and pro forma financial results reflect the direct and indirect costs for the services historically provided by Select to us. Following the completion of this offering, Select will continue to provide some of these services to us on a transitional basis pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement. See “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions — Agreements to be Entered into in Connection with the Separation-Transition Services Agreement.” Our historical financial information does not reflect our obligations under the various transitional agreements we will enter into with Select in connection with the Separation. At the end of the transitional periods specified in these agreements, we will need to perform these functions ourselves or hire third parties to perform these functions on our behalf, and these costs may significantly exceed the comparable expenses we have incurred in the past.

Our working capital requirements and capital expenditures have historically been satisfied as part of Select’s corporate-wide cash management and centralized funding programs, and our cost of debt and other capital may differ significantly from the historical amounts reflected in our historical financial statements.

Currently, our business is under common ownership with the other businesses of Select, and we benefit from Select’s size and scale, including with respect to costs, employees and relationships with customers and third-party partners. Although we will enter into transitional agreements with Select in connection with the Separation, these arrangements will not fully capture the benefits that we have enjoyed as a result of being under common ownership with Select, and the costs we will incur as a standalone public company may significantly exceed comparable costs we would have incurred as part of Select.
Our unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information included in this prospectus have been presented for illustrative and informational purposes only. The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data may not necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows would have been had we been a standalone company during the periods presented. In addition, the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data may not necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be in the future. The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial data is based upon available information and assumptions that we believe are reasonable and supportable. Actual results, however, may vary.
For additional information about the past financial performance of our business and the basis of presentation of the historical consolidated financial statements and the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information of our business included in this prospectus, see “Basis of Presentation,” “Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
We may not achieve some or all of the expected benefits of the Separation and the Separation could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may not be able to achieve the full strategic and financial benefits expected to result from the Separation, or the benefits may be delayed or not occur at all. We expect that the Separation will improve our strategic and operational flexibility, increase the focus of our management team on our business operations, allow us to adopt the capital structure, investment policy and dividend policy best suited to our financial profile and business needs, provide us with our own equity to facilitate acquisitions and enable potential investors to invest directly in our business.
We may not achieve these and other anticipated benefits of the Separation for a variety of reasons, including:

the Separation will require significant amounts of management’s time and effort, which may divert management’s attention from operating and growing our business;

following the completion of this offering, we may be more susceptible to economic downturns and other adverse events than we were prior to the Separation;
 
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following the completion of this offering, our business will be less diversified than Select’s businesses prior to the Separation;

following the completion of this offering, the cost of capital for our business may be higher than Select’s cost of capital prior to the Separation;

following the completion of this offering, certain costs and liabilities that were otherwise less significant to Select as a whole will be more significant to us as a standalone company;

to preserve the tax-free treatment for U.S. federal income tax purposes to Select of certain steps of the Separation and the Distribution, if pursued, our ability to pursue certain strategic transactions may be restricted; and

other actions required to separate the respective businesses could disrupt our operations.
If we fail to achieve some or all of the benefits expected to result from the Separation, or if the benefits are delayed, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
The distribution of Select’s remaining equity interest in our company may not occur.
Upon the completion of this offering, Select will own a majority of the voting power of our shares of common stock eligible to vote in the election of our directors. Select has no obligation to complete the Distribution. Whether Select proceeds with the Distribution, in whole or in part, and the timing thereof, is in Select’s sole discretion and may be subject to a number of conditions, including the receipt of any necessary regulatory or other approvals, the existence of satisfactory market conditions and favorable opinions of Select’s U.S. tax advisors to the effect that the Distribution will be tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes to Select and its stockholders. Even if Select elects to pursue the Distribution, Select has the right to abandon or change the structure of the Distribution if Select determines, in its sole discretion, that the Distribution is not in the best interests of Select or its stockholders.
Furthermore, if the Distribution does not occur, and Select does not otherwise dispose of its shares of our common stock, the risks relating to Select’s control of us and the potential business conflicts of interest between Select and us will continue to be relevant to our stockholders. See “— Risks Related to Our Relationship with Select — Following the completion of this offering, Select will continue to control the direction of our business, and the concentrated ownership of our common stock may prevent you and other stockholders from influencing significant decisions.”
If Select completes the Distribution in a transaction that is intended to be tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and there is later a determination that certain steps of the Separation or the Distribution are taxable because the facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings underlying the IRS private letter ruling or any tax opinions are incorrect or for any other reason, then Select and its stockholders could incur significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities and we could incur significant liabilities through our indemnification obligations under the Tax Matters Agreement.
Select received a private letter ruling from the IRS substantially to the effect that, among other things, certain steps of the Separation together with the Distribution, if pursued, will qualify as a transaction that is tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Section 355 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). The Distribution is conditioned on, among other things, the continuing effectiveness and validity of Select’s private letter ruling from the IRS and the receipt of favorable opinions of Select’s U.S. tax advisors. The private letter ruling relied on and the tax opinions will rely on certain facts, assumptions, representations and undertakings from us and Select regarding the past and future conduct of the companies’ respective businesses and other matters. If any of these facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings are incorrect or not otherwise satisfied, Select and its stockholders may not be able to rely on the ruling or the opinions of tax advisors and could be subject to significant tax liabilities. Notwithstanding the private letter ruling and opinions of tax advisors, the IRS could determine on audit that certain steps of the Separation or the Distribution are taxable if it determines that any of these facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings are not correct or have been violated or if it disagrees with the conclusions in the opinions that are not covered by the private letter ruling, or for other reasons, including as a result of certain significant changes in our stock ownership or the stock ownership of Select following the completion of the Distribution.
 
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If certain steps of the Separation or the Distribution are determined to be taxable for U.S. federal income tax purposes, then Select or its stockholders could incur significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities and we could also incur significant liabilities under the Tax Matters Agreement. Under the Tax Matters Agreement, we will generally be required to indemnify Select against taxes incurred by Select arising from any breach of representations made by us (including those provided in connection with the private letter ruling from the IRS and opinions from tax advisors) or from certain other acts or omissions, in each case that result in certain steps of the Separation or the Distribution failing to meet the requirements under Section 355 of the Code. See “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions — Agreements to be Entered into in Connection with the Separation — Tax Matters Agreement.”
We may be affected by significant restrictions, including on our ability to engage in certain corporate transactions, for a two-year period following the completion of the Distribution, if pursued, in order to avoid triggering significant tax-related liabilities.
A distribution that would otherwise qualify as a tax-free transaction, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, under Section 355 of the Code can be rendered taxable to the parent corporation and its stockholders as a result of certain post-distribution acquisitions of shares or assets of the distributed corporation. To preserve the tax-free treatment of certain steps of the Separation and the Distribution for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we will be restricted under the Tax Matters Agreement from taking certain actions that would prevent certain steps of the Separation and the Distribution from being tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Under the Tax Matters Agreement, for the two-year period following the completion of the Distribution, if pursued, we will be subject to specific restrictions on our ability to enter into certain acquisition, merger, liquidation, sale and stock redemption transactions with respect to our stock. These restrictions may limit our ability to pursue certain strategic transactions or other transactions that we may believe to be in the best interests of our stockholders or that might increase the value of our business. These restrictions will not limit the acquisition of other businesses by us for cash consideration. In addition, under the Tax Matters Agreement, we will generally be required to indemnify Select against certain tax liabilities that may result from the acquisition of our stock or assets, even if we do not participate in or otherwise facilitate the acquisition. Furthermore, we will be subject to specific restrictions on discontinuing the active conduct of our trade or business, the issuance or sale of stock or other securities (including securities convertible into our stock but excluding certain compensatory arrangements) and sales of assets outside the ordinary course of business. These restrictions may reduce our strategic and operating flexibility. See “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions — Agreements to be Entered into in Connection with the Separation — Tax Matters Agreement.”
We will incur significant charges in connection with the Separation and incremental costs as a standalone public company.
We expect the separation process to be complex, time-consuming and costly. We will need to establish or expand our own corporate functions, including finance, human resources, benefits administration, procurement support, information technology, legal, corporate governance and other professional services. We will also need to make investments or hire additional employees to operate without the same access to Select’s existing operational and administrative infrastructure. We expect to incur one-time costs to replicate, or outsource from other providers, these corporate functions to replace the corporate services that Select historically provided to us prior to the Separation. Any failure or significant downtime in our own financial, administrative or other support systems, or in the Select financial, administrative or other support systems during the transitional period during which Select provides us with support, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, such as by preventing us from paying our suppliers and employees, executing business combinations and foreign currency transactions, or performing administrative or other services on a timely basis. Due to the scope and complexity of the underlying projects related to the Separation, the amount of total costs could be materially higher than our estimate, and the timing of the incurrence of these costs is subject to change.
In particular, our day-to-day business operations, including a significant portion of the communications among our customers, suppliers and other third-party partners, rely on Information Technology Systems (“IT Systems”). Select’s IT Systems are complex and we expect the transfer of IT Systems from Select to us to be complex, time-consuming and costly. There is also a risk of data loss in the process of transferring
 
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IT Systems. As a result of our reliance on IT Systems, the cost of the information technology integration and transfer and any loss of key data could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, our consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses that management has determined are specifically or primarily identifiable to us, as well as direct and indirect costs that are attributable to our operations. Indirect costs are the costs of support functions that are provided on a centralized basis by Select and its affiliates. Indirect costs have been allocated to us for the purposes of preparing our historical consolidated financial statements based on a specific identification basis or, when specific identification is not practicable, a proportional cost allocation method, primarily based on headcount or other allocation methodologies that are considered to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by us during the periods presented, depending on the nature of the services received. The value of the assets and liabilities we assume in connection with the Separation could ultimately be materially different than these attributions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Following the completion of this offering, certain of our executive officers and directors may have actual or potential conflicts of interest because of their equity interest in Select. Also, certain of Select’s current executive officers are expected to become our directors, which may create conflicts of interest or the appearance of conflicts of interest.
Because of their current or former positions with Select, certain of our executive officers and directors own equity interests in Select. Continuing ownership of shares of Select common stock and equity awards could create, or appear to create, actual or potential conflicts of interest if we and Select face decisions that could have implications for both companies following the completion of this offering. In addition, certain of Select’s current executive officers are expected to become our directors, and this could create, or appear to create, actual or potential conflicts of interest when we and Select encounter opportunities or face decisions that could have implications for both companies following the completion of this offering or in connection with the allocation of such directors’ time between us and Select. These actual or potential conflicts of interest could arise, for example, over matters such as the desirability of changes in our business and operations, funding and capital matters, regulatory matters, matters arising with respect to the Separation Agreement and other agreements with Select relating to the Separation or otherwise, employee retention or recruiting or our dividend policy. We expect that provisions relating to certain relationships and transactions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will address certain actual or potential conflicts of interest between us, on the one hand, and Select and its directors, officers or employees who are our directors, officers or employees on the other hand. By becoming our stockholder, you will be deemed to have notice of, and consented to, these provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. For example, we are expected to renounce any interest or expectancy of ours in any corporate opportunities that are presented to our directors, officers or employees who are also directors, officers or employees of Select, and such director, officer or employee will have no duty to communicate or present such corporate opportunity to us, in each case so long as such corporate opportunity was not expressly offered to such person solely in their capacity as our director or officer. Although these provisions are designed to resolve certain conflicts of interest between us and Select fairly, we cannot assure you that any conflicts of interest will be so resolved. See “Description of Capital Stock — Conflicts of Interest; Corporate Opportunities.”
Risks Related to Our Relationship with Select
Following the completion of this offering, Select will continue to control the direction of our business, and the concentrated ownership of our common stock may prevent you and other stockholders from influencing significant decisions.
Upon completion of this offering, SMC will own approximately    % of the voting power of our shares of common stock eligible to vote in the election of our directors (or approximately    % if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of our common stock from us). Investors in this offering generally will not be able to affect the outcome of any matter submitted to our stockholders for approval as long as SMC or its successor-in-interest beneficially owns a majority of the total voting power of our outstanding shares of common stock. As long as SMC or its successor-in-interest
 
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beneficially owns a majority of the total voting power of our outstanding shares of common stock, it will generally be able to control, whether directly or indirectly through its ability to remove and elect directors, and subject to applicable law, all matters affecting us without the approval of other stockholders, including:

determinations with respect to our business direction and policies, including the election and removal of directors and the appointment and removal of officers;

determinations with respect to corporate transactions, such as mergers, business combinations or dispositions of assets;

our financing and dividend policies;

our compensation and benefit programs and other human resources policy decisions;

termination of, changes to or determinations under our agreements with SMC relating to the Separation;

determinations with respect to tax matters; and

changes to any other agreements that may adversely affect us.
If SMC does not complete the Distribution or otherwise dispose of its remaining equity interest in our company, or if SMC purchases shares of our common stock in the open market following the completion of this offering, it could remain our controlling stockholder for an extended period of time or indefinitely. Even if SMC were to beneficially own less than a majority of the total voting power of our outstanding shares of common stock, SMC may be able to influence the outcome of corporate actions requiring stockholder approval for as long as it owns a significant portion of our common stock.
SMC’s interests may not be the same as, or may conflict with, the interests of our other stockholders. Actions that SMC takes with respect to us, as a controlling or significant stockholder, may not be favorable to us or our other stockholders.
Following the completion of this offering, we will be a “controlled company” as defined under the corporate governance rules of the NYSE and, as a result, will qualify for exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements of the NYSE.
Upon completion of this offering, SMC will continue to own a majority of the total voting power of our shares of common stock eligible to vote in the election of our directors. As a result, we will be a “controlled company” as defined under the corporate governance rules of the NYSE and, therefore, will qualify for exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements of the NYSE, including:

the requirement that the Board be composed of a majority of independent directors;

the requirement that the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee be composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities or, if no such committee exists, that our director nominees be selected or recommended by independent directors constituting a majority of the Board’s independent directors in a vote in which only independent directors participate;

the requirement that the Compensation Committee be composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; and

the requirement for an annual performance evaluation of the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee and the Compensation Committee.
We may take advantage of one or more of these exemptions following the completion of this offering. As a result, although we do not currently intend to rely on these exemptions, you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE.
SMC may fail to perform under the Transition Services Agreement, or we may fail to have replacement systems and services in place when the Transition Services Agreement expires.
We expect that SMC will continue to provide us with services related to certain historically shared corporate functions pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement for a transitional period following the
 
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completion of this offering. These services will cover a variety of corporate functions for terms of varying duration following the completion of this offering. We will rely on SMC to satisfy its obligations during the term of the Transition Services Agreement. Failure by SMC to perform these obligations, or any delay in or disruption to SMC’s ability to perform these obligations, could increase our costs of procuring these services, result in system or service interruptions, divert our management’s focus or otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, potentially for an extended period of time. Furthermore, pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement, SMC will agree to perform the services for us in a manner consistent with the past practice of our business. As a result, our operational flexibility to implement changes with respect to these services or the amounts we pay for them will be limited, and we may not be able to implement changes in a manner desirable to us. In addition, since 2015, we have historically received informal support from SMC, which may not be addressed in the Transition Services Agreement. The level of this informal support will diminish or be eliminated following the completion of this offering.
The services that SMC will provide to us pursuant to the Transition Services Agreement are transitional in nature. We are in the process of creating our own, or engaging alternative third-party sources to provide, systems and services to replicate or replace many of the systems and services that SMC currently provides to us. However, we may not be able to successfully replicate or replace these services or obtain the services at the same or better quality, at the same or lower costs or otherwise on the same or more favorable terms and conditions from third parties. For example, implementing our own information technology framework will be a complex, time-consuming and costly process, and could make us more vulnerable to cyber-attacks, network disruptions or other information security or cyber-security incidents. Furthermore, to the extent we decide to engage one or more third parties to provide these services to us in the future, we could encounter additional risks associated with reliance on third parties. If we do not have our own systems and services, or comparable agreements with alternative third-party sources, in place when the Transition Services Agreement expires, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected, including in the manner described in the preceding paragraph.
If Select sells a controlling equity interest in our company to a third party in a private transaction, you may not realize any change-of-control premium on your shares of our common stock and we may become subject to the control of a currently unknown third party.
Upon completion of this offering, SMC will own approximately    % of the voting power of our shares of common stock eligible to vote in the election of our directors (or approximately    % if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of our common stock from us). SMC will have the ability, should it choose to do so, to sell some or all of its shares of our common stock in a privately negotiated transaction, which, if sufficient in size, could result in a change of control of us.
The ability of SMC to privately sell its shares of our common stock, with no requirement for a concurrent offer to be made to acquire all of the shares of our common stock that will be publicly traded following the completion of this offering, could prevent you from realizing any change-of-control premium on your shares of our common stock that may otherwise accrue to SMC on its private sale of shares of our common stock. In addition, if SMC privately sells its controlling equity interest in our company, we may become subject to the control of a currently unknown third party. The interests of this third party may not be the same as, or may conflict with, the interests of our other stockholders. Furthermore, if SMC sells a controlling equity interest in our company to a third party, our future indebtedness may be subject to acceleration, and our other commercial agreements and relationships, including any remaining agreements with SMC, could be impacted. The occurrence of any of these events could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Potential indemnification obligations to SMC in connection with the Separation could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Separation Agreement will provide for indemnification obligations (for uncapped amounts, reduced by any insurance proceeds or other third-party proceeds that the party being indemnified receives) designed to make us financially responsible for substantially all liabilities that may exist relating to our business activities, whether incurred prior to or following the completion of this offering. In addition, we will agree to indemnify SMC under certain additional circumstances pursuant to certain other agreements we will enter
 
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into with Select in connection with the Separation. If we are required to indemnify SMC under the circumstances set forth in these agreements, we may be subject to substantial liabilities, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In connection with the Separation, SMC will indemnify us for certain liabilities. However, we cannot assure you that the indemnity will be sufficient to insure us against the full amount of such liabilities or that Select’s ability to satisfy its indemnification obligation will not be impaired in the future.
Pursuant to the Separation Agreement and certain other agreements we will enter into with SMC in connection with the Separation, SMC will agree to indemnify us for certain liabilities. However, third parties could also seek to hold us responsible for any of the liabilities that SMC has agreed to retain and we cannot assure you that the indemnity from SMC will be sufficient to protect us against the full amount of such liabilities, or that SMC will be able to fully satisfy its indemnification obligations. In addition, pursuant to the Separation Agreement, SMC’s self-funded insurance policies will not be available to us, and SMC’s third-party insurance policies may not be available to us, for liabilities associated with occurrences of indemnified liabilities prior to the Separation, and in any event SMC’s insurers may deny coverage to us for liabilities associated with certain occurrences of indemnified liabilities prior to the Separation. Moreover, even if we ultimately succeed in recovering from SMC or its insurance providers any amounts for which we are held liable, we may be temporarily required to bear these losses. The occurrence of any of these events could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Although under the Tax Matters Agreement the amount of our tax sharing payments to SMC following the completion of this offering will generally be determined based upon the amount of tax attributable to Concentra for periods prior to the date of the Distribution, if pursued, we nevertheless will have joint and several liability with Select for the consolidated U.S. federal income taxes of the Select consolidated group.
We will be included in the U.S. federal consolidated group income tax return, and certain other combined or similar group tax returns, with Select through the date of the Distribution, if pursued. Under the Tax Matters Agreement, Select will generally make all necessary tax payments to the relevant tax authorities with respect to Select group tax returns, and we will make tax sharing payments to Select, the amount of which will generally be determined by Select based upon the amount of tax attributable to Concentra.
For taxable periods that begin after the day after the date of the Distribution, if pursued, we will no longer be included in any Select group tax returns and we will file tax returns that include only us or our subsidiaries, as appropriate. We will not be required to make tax sharing payments to Select for those taxable periods. Nevertheless, we have (and will continue to have following the completion of the Distribution, if pursued) joint and several liability with Select for the consolidated U.S. federal income taxes of the Select consolidated group for the taxable periods in which we were part of the Select consolidated group. See “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions — Agreements to be Entered into in Connection with the Separation — Tax Matters Agreement.”
We may have received better terms from unaffiliated third parties than the terms we will receive in our agreements with Select and SMC.
The agreements we will enter into with Select and SMC in connection with the Separation, including the Separation Agreement, the Tax Matters Agreement, the Employee Matters Agreement and the Transition Services Agreement, were prepared in the context of our separation from SMC while we were still part of SMC. Accordingly, during the period in which these agreements were prepared, we did not have a separate or independent board of directors or a management team that was separate from or independent of Select. The terms of these agreements, including the fees charged for services provided under these agreements, were primarily determined by Select and SMC and, as a result, may not necessarily reflect terms that would have resulted from arm’s-length negotiations between unaffiliated third parties or from arm’s-length negotiations between Select, SMC and an unaffiliated third party in another form of transaction, such as a buyer in a sale of a business transaction.
 
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Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock
We cannot be certain that an active trading market for our common stock will develop or be sustained following the completion of this offering.
Prior to the completion of this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. We cannot assure you that an active trading market for shares of our common stock will develop or be sustained following the completion of this offering. If an active trading market does not develop, you may have difficulty selling your shares of our common stock at an attractive price or at all. An inactive trading market could also impair our ability to raise capital by selling shares of our common stock, our ability to attract and motivate our employees through equity incentive awards and our ability to acquire businesses, brands, assets or technologies by using shares of our common stock as consideration. Furthermore, the liquidity of the market for shares of our common stock may be constrained for as long as Select continues to own a significant portion of our common stock.
The stock price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly.
We cannot predict the prices at which shares of our common stock may trade after this offering. The price for shares of our common stock in this offering was determined by negotiations among us, Select and representatives of the underwriters, and it may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the open market following the completion of this offering. Consequently, you may not be able to sell your shares of our common stock at or above the initial public offering price at the time that you would like to sell.
The market price of shares of our common stock may be highly volatile and fluctuate significantly due to a number of factors, some of which may be beyond our control, including:

our quarterly or annual earnings or those of our competitors;

variations in our quarterly dividends, if any, to stockholders;

actual or anticipated fluctuations in our operating results or those of our competitors;

publication of research reports about us, our competitors or our industry, changes in, or failure to meet, estimates made by securities analysts or ratings agencies of our financial and operating performance or lack of research reports by industry analysts or ceasing of analyst coverage;

additions or departures of key management personnel;

strategic actions or announcements by us or our competitors;

adverse market reaction to any indebtedness we may incur or securities we may issue in the future;

changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations or principles;

changes to the regulatory and legal environment in which we operate;

litigation or governmental investigations initiated against us;

reputational issues, including reputational issues involving our competitors and their products, Select and our third-party partners;

actions by institutional stockholders;

any ineffectiveness of our internal controls;

whether, when and in what manner Select completes the Distribution, and other announcements made or actions taken by Select, whether in respect of the Distribution or otherwise;

overall market fluctuations and domestic and worldwide economic and political conditions; and

other factors described in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this prospectus.
Stock markets in general have experienced volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of a particular company. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. If any of the forgoing events occur, it could cause our stock price to fall and may
 
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expose us to lawsuits, including securities class action litigation, that, even if unsuccessful, could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources. You should consider an investment in shares of our common stock to be risky, and you should invest in shares of our common stock only if you can withstand a significant loss and wide fluctuations in the market value of your investment.
The market price of shares of our common stock may be volatile, which could cause the value of your investment to decline.
Even if a trading market develops, the market price of our common stock may be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations. Securities markets worldwide experience significant price and volume fluctuations. This market volatility, as well as general economic, market or political conditions, could reduce the market price of shares of our common stock regardless of our operating performance. In addition, our operating results could be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors due to a number of potential factors, including variations in our quarterly operating results or dividends, if any, to stockholders, additions or departures of key management personnel, failure to meet analysts’ earnings estimates, publication of research reports about our industry, litigation and government investigations, changes or proposed changes in laws or regulations or differing interpretations or enforcement thereof affecting our business, adverse market reaction to any indebtedness we may incur or securities we may issue in the future, changes in market valuations of similar companies or speculation in the press or investment community, announcements by us or our competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, dispositions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments, adverse publicity about the industries we participate in or individual scandals, and in response the market price of shares of our common stock could decrease significantly. You may be unable to resell your shares of our common stock at or above the initial public offering price.
In the past few years, stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. In the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. Such litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources.
The Distribution, if pursued, future sales by Select or other holders of shares of our common stock, or the perception that the Distribution or such sales may occur, including following the expiration of the lock-up period, could cause the price of our common stock to decline.
Upon completion of this offering, Select will own approximately    % of the voting power of our shares of common stock eligible to vote in the election of our directors (or approximately    % if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of our common stock from us). These shares will be “restricted securities” as that term is defined in Rule 144 (“Rule 144”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Subject to contractual restrictions, including the lock-up agreements described in the paragraph below, Select will be entitled to sell these shares in the public market only if the sale of such shares is registered with the SEC or if the sale of such shares qualifies for an exemption from registration under Rule 144 or any other applicable exemption under the Securities Act. We are unable to predict with certainty whether or when Select will complete the Distribution or otherwise sell a substantial number of shares of our common stock. The distribution or sale by Select of a substantial number of shares of our common stock following the completion of this offering, or a perception that such a distribution or sale could occur, could significantly reduce the prevailing market price of shares of our common stock. Upon completion of this offering, except as otherwise described in this prospectus, all of the shares of our common stock to be sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, assuming they are not held by our affiliates.
In connection with this offering, we, our executive officers, our directors and Select have agreed with the underwriters that, except with the prior written consent of each of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, we and they will not, subject to certain exceptions, during the period beginning on the date of this prospectus and continuing through the date that is 180 days after the date of this prospectus, offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of or hedge, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of our common stock. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC may, in their sole discretion
 
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and at any time without notice, release all or any portion of the shares of our common stock subject to lock-up agreements. When the lock-up period expires, we and our stockholders subject to lock-up agreements will be able to sell shares of our common stock in the public market. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock upon expiration of the lock-up agreements, the perception that these sales may occur or early release of these lock-up agreements could cause the market price of shares of our common stock to decline or make it more difficult for you to sell your shares of our common stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate.
If we are unable to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in the future, investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of shares of our common stock could be adversely affected.
As a standalone public company, we will be required to maintain internal control over financial reporting and to report any material weaknesses in our internal control. In addition, beginning with our second annual report on Form 10-K, we expect that we will be required to furnish a report by management on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”). Our independent registered public accounting firm will also be required to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting beginning with our second annual report on Form 10-K. At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our internal control over financial reporting is documented, designed or operating.
The process of designing, implementing and testing the internal control over financial reporting required to comply with this obligation is complex, time-consuming and costly. If we identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner or to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the market price of shares of our common stock could be adversely affected. We could also become subject to investigations by the NYSE, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.
The obligations associated with being a standalone public company will require significant resources and management attention.
Following the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, we will be directly subject to reporting and other obligations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC and the NYSE. As a standalone public company, we will be required to:

prepare and distribute periodic reports, proxy statements and other stockholder communications in compliance with the federal securities laws and rules;

have our own board of directors and committees thereof, which comply with federal securities laws and rules and applicable stock exchange requirements;

maintain an internal audit function;

institute our own financial reporting and disclosure compliance functions;

establish an investor relations function; and

establish internal policies, including those relating to trading in our securities and disclosure controls and procedures.
These reporting and other obligations will place significant demands on our management, diverting their time and attention from sales-generating activities to compliance activities, and require increased administrative and operational costs and expenses that we did not incur prior to the Separation, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
 
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You will experience immediate and substantial dilution following the completion of this offering, and your percentage ownership in us may be further diluted in the future.
The initial public offering price per share of our common stock will be substantially higher than our pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share of our common stock upon completion of this offering. As a result, you will pay a price per share of our common stock that substantially exceeds the per share book value of our tangible assets after subtracting our liabilities. Assuming an initial public offering price of $     per share of our common stock, which is the midpoint of the public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, you will incur immediate and substantial dilution in pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) in an amount of $     per share of our common stock.
In the future, your percentage ownership in us may be further diluted if we issue additional shares of our common stock or convertible debt securities in connection with acquisitions, capital market transactions or other corporate purposes, including equity awards that we may grant to our directors, officers and employees. In connection with this offering, we intend to file a registration statement on Form S-8 to register the shares of our common stock that we expect to reserve for issuance under our proposed equity incentive plan. It is anticipated that the Compensation Committee will grant additional equity awards to our employees and directors following the completion of this offering, from time to time, under our proposed equity incentive plan. We cannot predict with certainty the size of future issuances of shares of our common stock or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of shares of our common stock will have on the market price of shares of our common stock. Any such issuance could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders.
We are a holding company and our only material assets are our equity interests in our subsidiaries. As a consequence, we depend on the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends and make other payments and distributions to us in order to meet our obligations.
We are a holding company with limited direct business operations, including conducting certain operational activities in anticipation of the planned separation of Concentra. Our subsidiaries own substantially all of our assets and conduct substantially all of our operations. Dividends from our subsidiaries and permitted payments to us under arrangements with our subsidiaries are our principal sources of cash to meet our obligations. These obligations include cost of services and interest and principal on current and any future borrowings. Our subsidiaries may not be able to, or may not be permitted to, pay dividends or make distributions to enable us to meet our obligations. Each subsidiary is a distinct legal entity and, under certain circumstances, legal, tax and contractual restrictions may limit our ability to obtain cash from our subsidiaries. If the cash we receive from our subsidiaries pursuant to dividends and other arrangements is insufficient to fund any of our obligations, or if a subsidiary is unable to pay future dividends or distributions to us to meet our obligations, we may be required to raise cash through, among other things, the incurrence of debt (including convertible or exchangeable debt), the sale of assets or the issuance of equity. Our liquidity and capital position are highly dependent on the performance of our subsidiaries and their ability to pay future dividends and distributions to us as anticipated. The evaluation of future dividend sources and our overall liquidity plans are subject to a variety of factors, including current and future market conditions, which are subject to change. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy our debt obligations, or to refinance our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to satisfy our obligations under our indebtedness or pay dividends on our common stock.
We cannot guarantee the payment of dividends on our common stock, or the timing or amount of any such dividends.
Following the completion of this offering, our Board may elect to declare cash dividends on our common stock, subject to our compliance with applicable law, and depending on, among other things, economic conditions, our financial condition, operating results, projections, available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, liquidity, earnings, legal requirements, and restrictions in the agreements governing our indebtedness (as further discussed herein). The declaration and amount of any future dividends is subject to the discretion of our Board and we have no obligation to pay any dividends at any time. We have
 
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not adopted a written dividend policy. Furthermore, we are a holding company with limited direct operations, including conducting certain operational activities in anticipation of the planned separation of Concentra. As a result, our ability to pay dividends depends on our receipt of cash dividends from our operating subsidiaries, which may further restrict our ability to pay dividends as a result of the laws of their jurisdiction of organization, agreements of our subsidiaries or covenants under any existing and future outstanding indebtedness we or our subsidiaries incur. We cannot assure you that we will pay our anticipated dividend in the same amount or frequency, or at all, in the future. See “Dividend Policy.”
If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies are based on assumptions that change or prove to be incorrect, our results of operations could be adversely affected, resulting in a decrease in the market price of shares of our common stock.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. If our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from our assumptions, our results of operations could be adversely affected and could fall below our publicly announced guidance or the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of shares of our common stock.
Certain provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws, and of Delaware law, may prevent or delay an acquisition of us, which could decrease the trading price of our common stock.
We expect that our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws will contain provisions that are intended to deter coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and to encourage prospective acquirers to negotiate with the Board rather than to attempt an unsolicited takeover not approved by the Board. These provisions include (1) the ability of our directors, and not stockholders, to fill vacancies on the Board (including those resulting from an enlargement of the Board), (2) restrictions on the ability of our stockholders to call a special meeting, (3) restrictions on the ability of our stockholders to act by written consent, (4) rules regarding how stockholders may present proposals or nominate directors for election at stockholder meetings, (5) authority of the Board to issue preferred stock without stockholder vote or action and (6) a classified Board.
In addition, because we have not chosen to be exempt from Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”), this provision could also delay or prevent a change of control that you may favor. Section 203 of the DGCL generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years following the time that such stockholder became an interested stockholder, subject to certain exceptions. See “Description of Capital Stock — Anti-Takeover Effects of Various Provisions of Delaware Law, Our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Our Amended and Restated Bylaws — Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute.”
Select and its affiliates have been approved by the Board as an interested stockholder (as defined in Section 203 of the DGCL) and therefore will not be subject to Section 203 of the DGCL. So long as Select beneficially owns a majority of the total voting power of our outstanding capital stock, and therefore has the ability to direct the election of all the members of the Board, directors designated by Select to serve on the Board would have the ability to pre-approve other parties, including potential transferees of Select’s shares of our common stock, so that Section 203 of the DGCL would not apply to such other parties.
We believe these provisions will protect our stockholders from coercive or otherwise unfair takeover tactics by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with the Board and by providing the Board with more time to assess any acquisition proposal. These provisions are not intended to make us immune from takeovers. However, these provisions will apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial by some of our stockholders and could delay or prevent an acquisition that the Board determines is not in the best interests of us and our stockholders. These provisions may also prevent or discourage attempts to remove and replace incumbent directors.
 
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Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide that certain courts within the State of Delaware or the federal district courts of the United States will be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, employees and stockholders.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provide, in all cases to the fullest extent permitted by law, that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery located within the State of Delaware (or, if such court does not have jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the District of Delaware) will be the sole and exclusive forum for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, employees or stockholders to us or our stockholders, (3) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery located within the State of Delaware, (4) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine or (5) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws.
These exclusive forum provisions will not apply to claims arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States will be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any action asserting a claim arising under the Securities Act.
These exclusive forum provisions may impose additional costs on stockholders in pursuing any such claims, particularly if the stockholders do not reside in or near the State of Delaware and may limit the ability of a stockholder to bring a claim in a judicial forum that such stockholder finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or stockholders, which may discourage such lawsuits with respect to such claims. It is possible that a court could find these exclusive forum provisions inapplicable or unenforceable with respect to one or more of the specified types of actions or proceedings, and we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in other jurisdictions, which could divert our management’s attention and otherwise adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
General Risk Factors
Public health threats such as a global pandemic, or widespread outbreak of infectious disease, similar to the COVID-19 pandemic, may create uncertainties about our future operating results and financial conditions.
Public health threats, such as the ongoing effects of COVID-19 or any other pandemic, may have an impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Prolonged volatility or significant disruption of global financial markets due in part to a public health threat could have a negative impact on our business and overall financial position. Other factors and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, increased operational costs associated with operating during and after a pandemic; evolving macroeconomic factors, including general economic uncertainty, increased labor costs, and recessionary pressures; capital and other resources needed to respond to a pandemic; along with the severity and duration of a pandemic. These risks and their impacts are difficult to predict and could continue to otherwise disrupt and adversely affect our operations and our financial performance.
In addition, to the extent the COVID-19 pandemic, or any other global health crisis, epidemic or pandemic, adversely affects our business, financial condition and results of operations, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.
Our business operations could be significantly disrupted if we lose key members of our management team.
Our success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our senior officers and other key employees, and our ability to retain and motivate these individuals. We currently have employment agreements and/or non-competition agreements in place with all executive officers and others on our management team. We do not maintain any key life insurance policies for any of our employees. The
 
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loss of the services of certain of these individuals could disrupt significant aspects of our business, could prevent us from successfully executing our business strategy, and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Our business depends on our ability to attract and retain talented, highly skilled employees and a diverse workforce, and on the succession of our senior management.
Our business depends on our ability to attract and retain talented employees representing diverse backgrounds, experiences, and skill sets. The market for highly skilled personnel and leaders in our industry is extremely competitive, and our ability to compete depends on our ability to hire, develop, and motivate highly skilled personnel and leaders in all areas of our business. Maintaining our brands and our reputation, and a diverse, equitable and inclusive work environment, enables us to attract top talent. If we are less successful in our hiring efforts, or, if we cannot retain highly skilled workers and key leaders, then our ability to develop, market and sell successful products could be adversely affected. Furthermore, our ability to attract and retain talent has been, and may continue to be, impacted to varying degrees by challenges in the labor market that have been prevalent in recent years and may emerge from time to time, such as wage inflation, labor shortages, changes in immigration laws, and government policies and a shift toward remote work and other flexible work arrangements.
In connection with the Separation, we will need to hire and integrate a significant number of employees to enable us to continue to operate without the same access to Select’s existing operational and administrative infrastructure. Furthermore, the Separation could result in new and increased demands on our management team and other employees. Current or prospective employees could also experience uncertainty about their future roles at our company as a result of the Separation or other strategic, organizational or operational changes in the future. As a result, we may lose key personnel or we may be unable to attract, integrate, retain or motivate qualified individuals, or the costs associated with attracting, integrating, retaining or motivating personnel may increase. Any impact on our ability to operate our business with employees possessing the appropriate expertise could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Effective succession planning is also important to our long-term success. Any unsuccessful implementation of our succession plans or failure to ensure effective transfer of knowledge and smooth transitions involving key employees could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Climate change, or legal, regulatory or market measures to address climate change, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Climate change resulting from increased concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which could have an adverse effect on global temperatures, weather patterns, and the frequency and severity of extreme weather and natural disasters, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Natural disasters and extreme weather conditions, such as hurricanes, tornados, earthquakes, wildfires, or flooding incidents, pose physical risks to our facilities and have in the past, and could in the future, disrupt our business, financial condition and results of operations. The impacts of the changing climate on water resources may result in water scarcity, limiting our ability to access sufficient high-quality water in certain locations, which may increase operational costs. Concern over climate change may also result in new laws or regulations designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or mitigate the effects of climate change on the environment.
Increasing scrutiny and rapidly evolving expectations from stakeholders regarding ESG matters could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Increasing scrutiny and rapidly evolving expectations, including by governmental and non-governmental organizations, consumer advocacy groups, third-party interest groups, investors, consumers, customers, employees and other stakeholders, regarding ESG practices and performance, particularly as they relate to the environment, sustainability, climate change, health and safety, supply chain management, diversity, labor conditions and human rights, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The standards for tracking and reporting on ESG matters are relatively new, have not
 
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been harmonized and continue to evolve. Legislators and regulators have imposed, and likely will continue to impose, ESG-related legislation, rules, and guidance, which may conflict with one another, create new disclosure obligations, result in additional compliance costs, or expose us to new or additional risks. In addition, customers and other stakeholders have encouraged or insisted on, and likely will continue to encourage or insist on in the future, the adoption of various ESG practices that may conflict with one another and may exceed the requirements of applicable laws or regulations. Furthermore, certain organizations that provide information to investors have developed ratings for evaluating companies on their approach to various ESG matters. Implementing any necessary enhancements to our global processes and controls to reflect the increased scrutiny and rapidly evolving expectations regarding ESG matters may be complex, time-consuming, and costly.
We expect that stakeholders will compare our ESG goals and commitments against those of our competitors. Our competitors could have more robust ESG goals and commitments or be more successful at implementing their ESG goals and commitments than us, which could adversely affect our reputation. Our competitors could also decide not to establish ESG goals and commitments at a scope or scale that is comparable to our ESG goals and commitments, which could result in our competitors having lower supply chains or operating costs.
Our reputation may be affected by our perceived ESG credentials and our ability to meet our ESG goals. Despite our efforts, any actual or perceived failure to achieve our ESG goals or the perception (whether or not valid) that we have failed to act responsibly with respect to ESG matters, comply with ESG laws or regulations or meet societal, investor and consumer ESG expectations could result in negative publicity and reputational damage, lead consumers or customers to purchase competing products or investors to choose not to invest in our company or cause dissatisfaction among our employees or other stakeholders, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes in tax laws or exposures to additional tax liabilities could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes in tax laws or regulations in jurisdictions in which we operate, including changing laws in the United States, could negatively impact our effective tax rate and adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations. A change in statutory tax rate would result in the revaluation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities related to that particular jurisdiction in the period in which the new tax law is enacted. Any such change would result in an expense or benefit recorded to our consolidated statement of earnings. We closely monitor these proposals as they arise in the jurisdictions where we operate. Changes to tax laws or regulations may occur at any time, and any related expense or benefit recorded may be material to the fiscal quarter and year in which the law change is enacted. For additional information, see Note 17 — Income Taxes to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
We conduct business and file tax returns in numerous jurisdictions and are subject to regular reviews, examinations and audits by many tax authorities around the world. These reviews, examinations and audits can cover periods for several years prior to the date the review, examination or audit is undertaken and could result in the imposition of material tax liabilities, including interest and penalties, if our positions are not accepted by the applicable tax authority. In connection with various government initiatives, companies are required to disclose more information to tax authorities on operations around the world, which may lead to greater audit scrutiny of profits earned in other jurisdictions. We regularly assess the likely outcomes of our tax audits and disputes to determine the appropriateness of our tax reserves. However, any tax authority could take a position on tax treatment that is contrary to our expectations, which could result in tax liabilities, including interest and penalties, in excess of reserves.
 
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements, which do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and which reflect management’s assumptions, views, plans, objectives and projections about the future. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as “plans,” “expects,” “will,” “anticipates,” “estimates” and other words of similar meaning in conjunction with, among other things: discussions of future operations; expected operating results and financial performance; impact of planned acquisitions and dispositions; our strategy for growth; product development activities; regulatory approvals; market position; market size and opportunity; expenditures; and the effects of the Separation and the Distribution, if pursued, on our business.
Because forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs, expectations and assumptions regarding future events, they are subject to risks, uncertainties and changes that are difficult to predict and many of which are outside of our control. You should realize that if underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, or known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, our actual results and financial condition could vary materially from expectations and projections expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. You are therefore cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties include:

The frequency of work-related injuries and illnesses;

The adverse changes to our relationships with employer customers, third-party payors, workers’ compensation provider networks or employer services networks;

Changes to regulations, new interpretations of existing regulations, or violations of regulations;

Cost containment initiatives or state fee schedule changes undertaken by state workers’ compensation boards or commissions and other third-party payors;

Our ability to realize reimbursement increases at rates sufficient to keep pace with the inflation of our costs;

Labor shortages, increased employee turnover or costs, and union activity could significantly increase our operating costs;

Our ability to compete effectively with other occupational health centers, onsite health clinics at employer worksites, and healthcare providers;

A security breach of our, or our third-party vendors’, information technology systems which may cause a violation of HIPAA and subject us to potential legal and reputational harm;

Negative publicity which can result in increased governmental and regulatory scrutiny and possibly adverse regulatory changes;

Significant legal actions could subject us to substantial uninsured liabilities;

Litigation and other legal and regulatory proceedings in the course of our business that could adversely affect our business and financial statements;

Insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover losses we may incur;

Acquisitions may use significant resources, may be unsuccessful, and could expose us to unforeseen liabilities;

Our exposure to additional risk due to our reliance on third parties in many aspects of our business;

Compliance with applicable laws regarding the corporate practice of medicine and therapy and fee-splitting;

Our facilities are subject to extensive federal and state laws and regulations relating to the privacy of individually identifiable information;

Compliance with applicable data interoperability and information blocking rule;

Facility licensure requirements in some states are costly and time-consuming, limiting or delaying our operations;
 
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Our ability to adequately protect and enforce our intellectual property and other proprietary rights;

Adverse economic conditions in the U.S. or globally;

Any negative impact on the global economy and capital markets resulting from other geopolitical tensions;

The impact of impairment of our goodwill and other intangible assets;

Our ability to maintain satisfactory credit ratings;

The effects of the Separation and the Distribution, if pursued, on our business;

Our ability to achieve the expected benefits of and successfully execute the Separation, the Distribution and related transactions;

Our status as a controlled company, and the possibility that SMC’s interests or those of certain of our executive officers and directors may conflict with our interests and the interests of our other stockholders;

Restrictions on our business, potential tax and indemnification liabilities and substantial charges in connection with the Separation, the Distribution and related transactions;

The negative impact of public threats such as a global pandemic or widespread outbreak of an infectious disease similar to the COVID-19 pandemic;

The loss of key members of our management team;

Our ability to attract and retain talented, highly skilled employees and a diverse workforce, and on the succession of our senior management;

Climate change, or legal, regulatory or market measures to address climate change;

Increasing scrutiny and rapidly evolving expectations from stakeholders regarding ESG matters; and

Changes in tax laws or exposures to additional tax liabilities.
You should also carefully read the risk factors described in the section of this prospectus entitled “Risk Factors” for a description of certain risks that could, among other things, cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors and you should not consider the risks described above to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. We do not undertake to publicly update any forward-looking statement that may be made from time to time, whether as a result of new information or future events or developments, except as required by law.
 
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MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA
Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this prospectus concerning our industry and the markets in which we operate, including our general expectations, market position, market share, market opportunity and market size, has been obtained from third-party sources, including industry publications and other reports, internal data sources and management estimates, which we believe to be reliable and based on reasonable assumptions.
We have not commissioned any of the industry publications or other reports generated by third-party providers that we refer to in this prospectus. Certain information in this prospectus is derived from such third-party sources, other publicly available information, our knowledge of our industry, internal company research, surveys, information from our customers and third-party partners, trade and business organizations and other contacts in the markets in which we operate and assumptions based on this information and knowledge. Additionally, certain claim studies conducted by Concentra during a limited period of time are based on approximately 500,000 closed claims evaluated between 2020 to 2023 for a select number of Concentra customers, including employers and a workers’ compensation insurance carrier, and may not be representative of all industry claims. Of the approximately 500,000 closed claims evaluated between 2020 and 2023, non-Concentra health centers account for approximately 412,000 claims. The sample of claims includes workers’ compensation injuries from all states and jurisdictions in which the customers do business and was obtained via the customer’s claims/risk management information system. However, the analysis excludes approximately 7% of claims from the initial survey of approximately 536,000 claims as part of a data validation and quality control process that ensures a comparable claims universe for the analysis. These excluded claims include claims with no medical payments (1.6%), claims with paid medical expenses of less than $100 (0.5%) and claims with total medical payments greater than $100,000 (5.0%). With this data, we compared the total claims cost and case duration of injuries that were treated through Concentra’s network versus all other non-Concentra health centers and the results demonstrate our performance in reducing claims costs and lowering case duration. See “Company Overview” and “Our Competitive Strengths — High-Quality Care and Clinical Outcomes” under “Summary” and “Business”.
Data regarding our industry and our market position and market share within our industry are inherently imprecise and are subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties beyond our control, but we believe they generally indicate market size, market position and market share within our industry. In addition, assumptions and estimates of our and our industry’s future performance involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those described in the section of this prospectus entitled “Risk Factors.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates made by third parties and us. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
 
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USE OF PROCEEDS
We estimate that the net proceeds to us from this offering will be approximately $     million      (or approximately $      million if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of our common stock from us) based on an assumed initial public offering price of $     per share of our common stock, which is the midpoint of the public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering:

to repay $       million of the intercompany note held by SMC; and

to repay $       million of the principal amount of a promissory note issued to SMC as a dividend in connection with the Debt Financing.
We will not use any of the net proceeds of this offering towards business operations and development as a result.
The intercompany note described in the first bullet above bears interest at a rate of Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“Term SOFR”) plus 3% and matures on the date at which SMC or its affiliates no longer have an interest in Concentra. Concentra is able to make repayments on the revolving promissory note at its discretion.
The indebtedness described in the second bullet above was issued to SMC as a dividend in connection with the Debt Financing. See “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions — Historical Relationship with Select — Dividend to SMC and Promissory Note.” The promissory note will bear interest at a rate equal to the short-term Applicable Federal Rate published by the IRS for the month in which the note is issued and matures upon the closing of this offering or, if later, upon the receipt of any proceeds we may receive in respect of the underwriters’ exercise of their option to purchase additional shares pursuant to the underwriting agreement following such date. The dividend will be declared to facilitate the return of capital from us to SMC.
The foregoing represents our current intentions with respect to the allocation and use of the net proceeds of this offering. Pursuant to the Separation Agreement, Select will have the sole and absolute discretion to determine the terms of, and whether to proceed with, this offering. See “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions — Agreements to be Entered into in Connection with the Separation — Separation Agreement — The Initial Public Offering.” A change in Select’s present plans or the occurrence of unforeseen events or changed business conditions could result in application of the net proceeds of this offering in a manner other than as described in this prospectus.
Assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of our common stock from us, each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $    per share of our common stock, which is the midpoint of the public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by $    , assuming the number of shares of our common stock offered in this offering by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Similarly, an increase (decrease) of one million shares in the number of shares of our common stock sold in this offering by us would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by $    , assuming the initial public offering price of $    per share of our common stock, which is the midpoint of the public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. However, we do not anticipate that any such increase or decrease would impact the amount of cash or cash equivalents that we will retain following our payment to Select of consideration in connection with the Separation. The information discussed above is illustrative only and will adjust based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at the time of the pricing of this offering.
 
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DIVIDEND POLICY
We intend to recommend to our Board that we regularly return capital to our stockholders in the future through a dividend framework that will be communicated to stockholders in the future. Following the completion of this offering, our Board may elect to declare cash dividends on our common stock, subject to our compliance with applicable law, and depending on, among other things, economic conditions, our financial condition, operating results, projections, available cash and current and anticipated cash needs, liquidity, earnings, legal requirements, and restrictions in the agreements governing our indebtedness (to be included below). The payment of any future dividends to our stockholders will be at the discretion of our Board, which will be constituted upon completion of this offering and will be comprised of a majority of independent directors.
We will update the disclosure on the restrictions of the agreements governing our indebtedness in a subsequent amendment to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part once the terms of these financing arrangements are reasonably known.
We cannot assure you that we will pay our anticipated dividend in the same amount or frequency, or at all, in the future. You should not purchase shares of our common stock with the expectation of receiving cash dividends. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock — We cannot guarantee the payment of dividends on our common stock, or the timing or amount of any such dividends” and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock — We are a holding company and our only material assets are our equity interests in our subsidiaries. As a consequence, we depend on the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends and make other payments and distributions to us in order to meet our obligations.” We have not adopted a separate written dividend policy.
 
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CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our cash and capitalization as of March 31, 2024:

on an actual basis as derived from our historical audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus; and

on a pro forma basis, giving effect to (1) the declaration of a $      million dividend in connection with the Debt Financing payable to SMC in the form of a promissory note (see “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions — Historical Relationship with Select — Dividend to SMC and Promissory Note”), (2) the Separation and related transactions as described in the section of this prospectus entitled “The Separation and Distribution Transactions — The Separation,” and (3) the incurrence of indebtedness in an aggregate principal amount equal to approximately $1,500.0 million pursuant to the Debt Financing Transactions and the application of the net proceeds from the Debt Financing Transactions as described in the section of this prospectus entitled “Description of Certain Indebtedness”; and

on a pro forma as adjusted basis to give effect to the sale by us of      shares of our common stock in this offering and the application of the net proceeds from this offering as described in the section of this prospectus entitled “Use of Proceeds,” based on an assumed initial public offering price of $     per share of our common stock, which is the midpoint of the public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
The cash and capitalization information in the following table may not necessarily reflect what our cash and capitalization would have been had we been operating as a standalone company as of March 31, 2024. In addition, the cash and capitalization information in the following table may not necessarily reflect what our cash and capitalization may be in the future.
The pro forma information set forth in the table below is illustrative only and will adjust based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at the time of the pricing of this offering.
The following table should be read in conjunction with the sections of this prospectus entitled “Summary Historical and Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Data,” “Use of Proceeds,” “Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Information” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” as well as our historical audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
 
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As of March 31, 2024
Actual
Pro Forma
Pro Forma As
Adjusted(1)
(Dollars and share amounts in thousands)
Cash
$ 49,552 $      $      
Debt:
New Credit Facilities
1,471,375
Long-term debt with Related Party
470,000
Other Debt
9,833 9,833
Total debt
$ 479,833 $ 1,481,208
Stockholders’ Equity:
Common stock – par value $0.01 per share (447,081 authorized shares; 447,081 issued shares, actual) (        authorized shares;          issued shares, pro forma)
4,471
Additional paid-in capital
458,941
Retained earnings
732,348
Total stockholder’s equity
1,195,760
    
Non-controlling interests
5,267
Total equity
1,201,027
Total capitalization
$ 1,680,860 $ $
(1)
Assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of our common stock from us, each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $    per share of our common stock, which is the midpoint of the public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by $    , assuming the number of shares of our common stock offered in this offering by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Similarly, an increase (decrease) of one million shares in the number of shares of our common stock sold in this offering by us would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by $    , assuming the initial public offering price of $    per share of our common stock, which is the midpoint of the public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. However, we do not anticipate that any such increase or decrease would impact the amount of cash or cash equivalents that we will retain following our payment to Select of consideration in connection with the Separation. See “Use of Proceeds.”
 
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DILUTION
Our historical net tangible book value (deficit) as of March 31, 2024 was approximately $      million. We do not present historical net tangible book value (deficit) per share because it is not meaningful.
If you invest in shares of our common stock in this offering, your ownership interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per share of our common stock and the pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share of our common stock after giving effect to the declaration of a $      million dividend in connection with the Debt Financing payable to SMC in the form of a promissory note (see “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions — Historical Relationship with Select — Dividend to SMC and Promissory Note”), the Separation, the Debt Financing Transactions and this offering. Pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share of our common stock represents:

pro forma total assets less goodwill and other intangible assets after giving effect to the Separation;

reduced by our pro forma total liabilities after giving effect to the Debt Financing Transactions; and

divided by the number of shares of our common stock outstanding after giving effect to the Separation.
As of            , after giving effect to the Dividend to SMC and Promissory Note, the Separation, the Debt Financing Transactions and this offering, our pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) was approximately $      , or $      per share of our common stock based on      shares of our common stock outstanding immediately prior to the completion of this offering. This represents an immediate dilution of $      per share of our common stock to new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering. The following table illustrates this dilution per share of our common stock, assuming an initial public offering price of $      per share of our common stock, which is the midpoint of the public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us:
Assumed initial public offering price per share of our common stock
$       
Historical net tangible book value (deficit) per share as of March 31, 2024
$       
Pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share of our common stock after
giving effect to the Dividend to SMC and Promissory Note, the Separation, and
the Debt Financing Transactions
Increase (decrease) in pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share of our common stock attributable to new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering
Pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share of our common stock after giving effect to the Dividend to SMC and Promissory Note, the Separation, the Debt Financing Transactions and this
offering
Dilution in pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share of our common stock to new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering
$
Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $      per share of our common stock, which is the midpoint of the public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would not impact the pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) or the pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share of our common stock, but it would increase (decrease) dilution in pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share of our common stock to new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering by $1.00. The information discussed above is illustrative only and will adjust based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at the time of the pricing of this offering.
If the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares of our common stock from us, the pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share of our common stock would be $      , and the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value (deficit) per share of our common stock to new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering would be $      .
 
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The following table summarizes, on a pro forma as-adjusted basis as of   , after giving effect to this offering, the difference between our existing stockholder and new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering with respect to the number of shares of our common stock purchased from us, the total consideration paid to us for these shares or to be paid to us for these shares, and the average price per share of our common stock paid by our existing stockholder or to be paid by new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering, at the assumed initial public offering price of $      per share of our common stock, which is the midpoint of the public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us:
Shares Purchased
Total Consideration
Average
Price Per
Share
Number
Percent
Dollars
(in Millions)
Percent
Existing stockholders(1)
% $     % $    
New investors
     
Total
100.0% $     100.0% $    
(1)
Total consideration represents the pro forma book value of the net assets being transferred to us by Select in connection with the Separation.
Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $      per share of our common stock, which is the midpoint of the public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) the total consideration paid to us by new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering by approximately $      , or the percent of total consideration paid to us by new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering by approximately    %, assuming the number of shares of our common stock offered by us in this offering as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. An increase (decrease) of one million shares in the number of shares of our common stock sold in this offering by us would increase (decrease) the total consideration paid to us by new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering by approximately $      , or the percent of total consideration paid to us by new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering by approximately   %, assuming the initial public offering price of $      per   share of our common stock, which is the midpoint of the public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The information discussed above is illustrative only and will adjust based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at the time of the pricing of this offering.
The above discussion and tables are based on an assumed number of shares of our common stock outstanding upon completion of this offering. In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. To the extent additional capital is raised through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of such securities could result in further dilution to our stockholders.
 
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THE SEPARATION AND DISTRIBUTION TRANSACTIONS
The Separation
On January 3, 2024, Select, our parent company, announced its intention to spin-off Concentra from its business. Prior to the completion of this offering, we will enter into the Separation Agreement with SMC. We will also enter into various other agreements with SMC that, together with the Separation Agreement, provide for certain transactions to effect the separation of our business from SMC.
The agreements we will enter into with SMC in connection with the Separation, which will provide a framework for our relationship with SMC following the Separation, include the following:

Separation Agreement — Prior to the completion of this offering, we and SMC will enter into a Separation Agreement. The Separation Agreement will contain key provisions relating to our separation from SMC, this offering and the Distribution or other disposition of the shares of our common stock owned by SMC following the completion of this offering. In connection with the Separation, we will also enter into various other agreements with SMC that, together with the Separation Agreement, will result in the separation of our business from SMC.

Tax Matters Agreement — We and Select will enter into a tax matters agreement that will govern our and Select’s respective rights, responsibilities and obligations with respect to all tax matters, including tax liabilities (including responsibility and potential indemnification obligations for taxes attributable to our business and taxes arising, under certain circumstances, in connection with the Separation and Distribution, if pursued), tax attributes, tax returns (including our inclusion in the U.S. federal consolidated group tax return, and certain other combined or similar group tax returns, with Select through the date of the Distribution, if pursued, and our continuing joint and several liability with SMC for such tax returns), and tax contests.

Employee Matters Agreement — We and SMC will enter into an employee matters agreement that will address employment, compensation and benefits matters, including the allocation and treatment of assets and liabilities relating to employees and compensation and benefit plans and programs in which our employees participate prior to the Separation.

Transition Services Agreement — We and SMC will enter into a transition services agreement, pursuant to which SMC will provide to us certain services following the completion of this offering.
See “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions — Agreements to be Entered into in Connection with the Separation” for a more detailed discussion of the agreements described above.
All of the agreements relating to the Separation will be made in the context of a parent-subsidiary relationship and will be entered into in the overall context of our separation from SMC. The terms of these agreements may be more or less favorable to us than if they had been negotiated with unaffiliated third parties. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Relationship with Select — We may have received better terms from unaffiliated third parties than the terms we will receive in our agreements with SMC.”
We believe, and SMC has advised us that it believes, that the Separation, this offering and the Distribution, if pursued, will provide a number of benefits to our business. These intended benefits include:

providing the executive leadership and board of each stand-alone company the opportunity to focus solely on its respective business;

providing each company with a unique and more efficiently valued equity currency to fund acquisitions and other capital needs; and

providing each company with a more effective tool for employee compensation.
However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve these and other anticipated benefits of the Separation, and the benefits of the Separation may be delayed or not occur at all. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Separation and the Distribution — We may not achieve some or all of the expected benefits of the Separation, and the Separation could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.” Furthermore, some of our executive officers and directors own equity
 
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interests in Select because of their current or former positions with Select, and certain of Select’s current executive officers are expected to become our directors, each of which could create, or appear to create, actual or potential conflicts of interests following the completion of this offering. “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Separation and the Distribution — Following the completion of this offering, certain of our executive officers and directors may have actual or potential conflicts of interest because of their equity interest in Select. Also, certain of Select’s current executive officers are expected to become our directors, which may create conflicts of interest or the appearance of conflicts of interest.”
Debt Financing Transactions
In connection with this offering, we intend to enter into certain financing arrangements which include the Credit Facilities. We refer to these transactions, as further described in the section of this prospectus entitled “Description of Certain Indebtedness,” collectively as the “Debt Financing Transactions.” We intend to pay SMC all of the net proceeds that we received from the Debt Financing Transactions, in the form of a dividend in connection with the closing of this offering. See “Description of Certain Indebtedness.”
The Distribution
Select has informed us that, following the completion of this offering, it intends to make a distribution, which is intended to be tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes, to its stockholders of all of its remaining equity interest in us. We refer to these distributions collectively as the “Distribution.”
Select has agreed not to effect the Distribution for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of each of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC. See “Underwriting.”
On February 27, 2024 Select received a private letter ruling from the IRS to the effect that the Distribution will be tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes to Select and its stockholders. The conditions to the Distribution may not be satisfied, Select may decide not to consummate the Distribution even if the conditions are satisfied or Select may decide to waive one or more of the conditions and consummate the Distribution even if some or all of the conditions are not satisfied.
While, as of the date of this prospectus, Select intends to effect the Distribution, Select has no obligation to pursue or consummate any further dispositions of its equity interest in our company, including through the Distribution, by any specified date or at all. If pursued, the Distribution may be subject to a number of conditions, including the receipt of any necessary regulatory or other approvals, the existence of satisfactory market conditions and favorable opinions of Select’s U.S. tax advisors to the effect that the Distribution will be tax-free for U.S. federal income tax purposes to Select and its stockholders, the approval of the Distribution by Select’s Board of Directors, the completion of this offering, the execution of the Separation Agreement, Transition Services Agreement, Tax Matters Agreement and Employee Matters Agreement and the execution of the Underwriting Agreement. The effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part is a condition to effecting the Distribution, however, each of the conditions of the Distribution may be waived by Select.
Upon completion of the Distribution, if pursued, we will no longer qualify as a “controlled company” as defined under the corporate governance rules of the NYSE, and, to the extent we have not done so already, we will be required to fully implement the corporate governance requirements of the NYSE within the transition periods specified in the rules of the NYSE. See “Management — Controlled Company Exemption.”
 
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information gives effect to the Separation and related adjustments in accordance with Article 11 of the SEC’s Regulation S-X, as amended. The Separation and related transactions are described in the section of this prospectus entitled “The Separation and Distribution Transactions — The Separation.”
The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information has been derived from our historical unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024, our historical audited consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023, and our historical unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2024. The pro forma adjustments to the unaudited pro forma consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and for the year ended December 31, 2023 assume that the Separation and related transactions occurred as of January 1, 2023. The unaudited pro forma consolidated balance sheet gives effect to the Separation and related transactions as if they had occurred on March 31, 2024, our latest balance sheet date.
The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information has been prepared to include transaction accounting and autonomous entity adjustments to reflect the financial condition and results of operations as if we were a separate standalone entity. In addition, management’s adjustments, presented in the accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information, provide supplemental information to understand the synergies and dis-synergies that are expected to result from the Separation, primarily comprising incremental costs that we expect to incur as a standalone company.
Transaction accounting adjustments include the following:

the effect of our anticipated post-Separation capital structure, including (1) the incurrence of indebtedness in an aggregate principal amount equal to approximately $1,500.0 million pursuant to the Debt Financing Transactions and the application of the net proceeds from the Debt Financing Transactions as described in the section of this prospectus entitled “Description of Certain Indebtedness” and (2) the sale by us of shares of our common stock in this offering and the application of the net proceeds from this offering as described in the section of this prospectus entitled “Use of Proceeds,” based on an assumed initial public offering price of $      per share of our common stock, which is the midpoint of the public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us; and

the one-time expenses associated with the Separation and related transactions.
Autonomous entity adjustments relate to the impact of the transactions contemplated by the agreements described under “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions — Agreements to be Entered into in Connection with the Separation.”
The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information is based upon available information and assumptions that we believe are reasonable and supportable. The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information is for illustrative and informational purposes only. The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information may not necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows would have been had we been a standalone company during the periods presented, or what our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be in the future. In addition, the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information has been derived from our historical consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared from Select’s historical accounting records. All of the allocations and estimates in our historical consolidated financial statements are based on assumptions that management believes are reasonable. The historical consolidated financial statements may not necessarily reflect what our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows would have been had we been a standalone company during the periods presented, or what our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be in the future.
The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial information reported below should be read in conjunction with the section of this prospectus entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
 
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Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the historical consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
CONCENTRA
Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Statement of Operations
(in thousands, except per unit and per share)
Year ended December 31, 2023
Historical
Transaction
Accounting
Adjustments
Autonomous
Entity
Adjustments
Pro Forma
Revenue
$ 1,838,081 $ $ $       
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services, exclusive of depreciation and amortization
1,325,649
General and administrative, exclusive of depreciation and amortization
151,999 372(d)
Depreciation and amortization
73,051
Total costs and expenses
1,550,699 372
Other operating income
250
Income from operations
287,632 (372)
Other income and expenses:
Equity in losses of unconsolidated subsidiaries
(526)
Interest expense on related party debt
(44,253) 44,253 (b)
Interest expense
(221) (118,474)(a)
Other expense
(2)
Income before income taxes
242,630 (74,221) (372)
Income tax expense
57,887 (18,704)(c) (94)(e)
Net income
$ 184,743 $ (55,517) $ (278) $
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
4,796
Net income attributable to the Company
$ 179,947 $ (55,517) $ (278) $    
Basic and diluted weighted average unit count outstanding
447,502
Basic and diluted earnings per unit
$ 0.40 $ $ $
Basic and diluted shares of common stock outstanding
(f)
Basic and diluted earnings per share
$ $ $ $ (f)
 
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CONCENTRA
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations
(in thousands, except per share)
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Historical
Transaction
Accounting
Adjustments
Autonomous
Entity
Adjustments
Pro Forma
Revenue
$ 467,598 $ $ $       
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services, exclusive of depreciation and amortization
336,990
General and administrative, exclusive of depreciation and amortization
36,909 93(d)
Depreciation and amortization
18,485
Total costs and expenses
392,384 93
Other operating income
284
Income from operations
75,498 (93)
Other income and expenses:
Interest expense on related party debt
(9,971) 9,971 (b)
Interest expense
(111) (29,618)(a)
Income before income taxes
65,416 (19,647) (93)
Income tax expense
15,137 (4,951)(c) (23)(e)
Net income
$ 50,279 $ (14,696) $ (70) $
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests
1,323