Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

13. Income Taxes

Calumet, Inc. is a corporation and is subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes. Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and income tax basis of assets and liabilities and the expected benefits of utilizing net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, using enacted tax rates in effect for the taxing jurisdiction in which the Company operates for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company recognizes the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more likely than not, based on technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. Net deferred tax assets are then reduced by a valuation allowance if the Company believes it is more likely than not such net deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company assessed the realizability of the deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) and concluded that a full valuation allowance for the net DTAs is deemed appropriate as the DTAs were not more likely than not to be realized under relevant accounting standards.

On July 10, 2024, the Company completed the Conversion pursuant to which it became the parent holding company of the Partnership. Following the Conversion, the Company’s sole material asset is the partnership interests in the Partnership, which for U.S. federal, state and local income tax purposes passes its net taxable income and related tax credits, if any, through to its partners for inclusion in the partners’ tax returns. The Partnership is also subject to and reports entity level taxes in certain states. The income tax burden on the earnings taxed to the noncontrolling interest holders is not reported by the Company in its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements under U.S. GAAP. As a result, the Company’s effective tax rate differs materially from the statutory rate.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, was $0.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, was $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively.  The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, was (0.1)% and (0.2)%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, was (1.3)% and (0.9)%, respectively. Prior to the Conversion on July 10, 2024, the Partnership was not subject to U.S. federal income tax whereas following the Conversion, the Company is generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as a corporation. The lower effective tax rate compared to the statutory tax rates is primarily related to the valuation allowance that offsets the deferred tax benefit that would otherwise be recorded.

One Big Beautiful Bill Act

On July 4, 2025, the United States Congress passed budget reconciliation bill H.R. 1 referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the "OBBB"). The OBBB contains several changes to corporate taxation.  While we are still assessing the impacts of the OBBB, the provisions that impact us the most are the following:

● extension of the clean fuel production credit through December 31, 2029;

● requirement that feedstocks for fuel produced after December 31, 2025 must be produced or grown exclusively in the U.S., Mexico, or Canada in order for such fuel to be eligible for the clean fuel production credit;

● elimination of the special clean fuel production credit rate for SAF produced after December 31, 2025;

● clean fuel production credits remain available for transfer and direct pay; and  

● changes to limitations on deductions for interest expense.  

We are evaluating the effects of the legislation on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity in the future; however, we do not expect that the OBBB will have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations and liquidity in 2025. As the legislation was signed into law after the close of our second quarter, the impacts are not included in our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025.