Restructuring - Schedule of Restructuring Reserve (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Jan. 01, 2023	Jan. 02, 2022
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges	$ 489	$ 275	$ 209
Operating Segments
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges	798
Innovative Medicine
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges		100	100
Innovative Medicine | Operating Segments
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges	479
Innovative Medicine | Restructuring Charges
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges	449
Innovative Medicine | Costs of Goods and Services Sold
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges	30
MedTech
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges		$ 300	$ 300
MedTech | Operating Segments
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges	319
MedTech | Restructuring Charges
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges	40
MedTech | Costs of Goods and Services Sold
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Restructuring charges	$ 279