N-2 1 jraf_n2.htm
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 15, 2023.
   
 
1933 Act Registration No. [_____________]
 
1940 Act Registration No. 811-23920
 
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-2
 
   
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
[X]
   
Pre-Effective Amendment No. [   ]
[   ]
   
Post-Effective Amendment No. [    ]
[   ]
and
   
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
[X]
   
Amendment No. [    ]
[   ]
 
JACKSON REAL ASSETS FUND
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
 
1 Corporate Way, Lansing, Michigan 48951
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: (517) 381-5500
 
 
with a copy to:
 
Emily J. Bennett, Esq.
Ropes & Gray LLP
 
Jackson Real Assets Fund
32nd Floor
 
1 Corporate Way
191 North Wacker Drive
 
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Chicago, Illinois 60606
   
Attn:  Paulita A. Pike, Esq.
   
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
 
   
Approximate Date of Commencement of Proposed Public Offering:
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
   
 
   
[  ]
Check box if the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans.
   
[X]
Check box if any securities being registered on this Form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”), other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan.
   
[  ]
Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction A.2 or a post-effective amendment thereto.
   
[  ]
Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction B or a post-effective amendment thereto that will become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act.
   
[  ]
Check box if this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction B to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act
   
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)
   
[X]
when declared effective pursuant to Section 8(c) of the Securities Act.
   
If appropriate, check the following:
   
[  ]
This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment registration statement.
   
[  ]
This Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is:  
   
[  ]
This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: 
   
[  ]
This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: 
   
Check each box that appropriately characterizes the Registrant:
   
[X]
Registered Closed-End Fund (closed-end company that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“Investment Company Act”)).
   
[  ]
Business Development Company (closed-end company that intends or has elected to be regulated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act).
   
[X]
Interval Fund (Registered Closed-End Fund or a Business Development Company that makes periodic repurchase offers under Rule 23c-3 under the Investment Company Act).
   
[  ]
A.2 Qualified (qualified to register securities pursuant to General Instruction A.2 of this Form).
   
[  ]
Well-Known Seasoned Issuer (as defined by Rule 405 under the Securities Act).
   
[  ]
Emerging Growth Company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”).
   
[  ]
If an Emerging Growth Company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act.
   
[X]
New Registrant (registered or regulated under the Investment Company Act for less than 12 calendar months preceding this filing).
 
Calculation of Registration Fee Under the Securities Act of 1933
   
Pursuant to the provisions of Rule 24f-2 under the Investment Company Act, the Fund declares that an indefinite number of its shares of beneficial interest are being registered under the Securities Act of 1933 by this Registration Statement.  Payment for registration of future shares of beneficial interest of the Fund will be provided using Form 24F-2.
 
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(c) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a), may determine.








 

THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. NO PERSON
MAY SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO
SELL THESE SECURITIES AND IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY
STATE WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.

 

 

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS DATED [TBD, 2024]

 

PROSPECTUS

 

Jackson Real Assets Fund

Class A [(   )]

Class I [(   )]

 

 

 

 

Prospectus Dated [TBD, 2024]

  

Jackson Real Assets Fund (the “Fund”) is a Massachusetts business trust that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund operates as an interval fund pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act. The Fund’s investment objective is to seek capital appreciation, and with a secondary objective of enhancing income.

 

To pursue its objective, the Fund will invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its total assets (net assets plus the amount of any borrowings made for investment purposes) in public and private investments in the United States and globally in investments that provide exposure to the following real asset classes: (i) real estate, (ii) infrastructure, and (iii) natural capital, including but not limited to, agriculture, farmland, and timberland (collectively, “Real Asset Investments”).

 

The Fund obtains exposure to Real Asset Investments by allocating its assets to investments in third-party private funds (“Private Funds”) that themselves invest in real assets; publicly traded equity securities issued by real estate companies, including real estate investment trusts (“REITs”); and publicly traded equity securities of infrastructure companies.

 

Sub-Adviser 1 (“SA 1”) and Sub-Adviser 2 (“SA 2”) are unaffiliated investment managers (“Sub-Advisers”) who each provide day-to-day management for a portion of the Fund’s assets (each portion is sometimes referred to as a “sleeve”). Jackson National Asset Management, LLC (“JNAM” or “Adviser”) and each Sub-Adviser may use different investment techniques in managing a portion of the Fund’s assets.  Each Sub-Adviser acts independently from the other and uses its own methodology for selecting investments. The Adviser is responsible for identifying and retaining the Sub-Advisers for the sleeves and for monitoring the services provided by the Sub-Advisers. JNAM provides qualitative and quantitative supervision as part of its process for selecting and monitoring the Sub-Advisers. JNAM is also responsible for determining the amount of Fund assets to allocate to each Sub-Adviser. Based on JNAM’s ongoing evaluation of the Sub-Advisers, JNAM may adjust allocations between Sub-Advisers.

Under normal circumstances, the majority of the Fund’s assets are expected to be invested in Private Funds selected by JNAM, with the balance of the Fund’s assets primarily allocated to public Real Asset Investments selected by Sub-Advisers and to cash and cash equivalents.

The Fund cannot guarantee that it will meet its investment objective. Investing in the Fund involves a high degree of risk. See “Principal Risks” and “Limits of Risk Disclosure.

 

  Class A Shares Class I Shares
Public Offering Price1 Current NAV Current NAV
Sales Charge (Load)2 [5.75%] None
Proceeds to the Fund Amount Invested at Current NAV minus Sales Charge Amount Invested at Current NAV

 

1 An unlimited number of shares are offered by [Jackson National Life Distributors LLC], as the principal underwriter of the Fund’s shares, on a best-efforts basis. Generally, the stated minimum investment in the Fund is $[  ] for Class A Shares and $[  ] for Class I Shares, which stated minimum may be reduced for certain investors. See “Purchasing Shares” below. [to be updated by amendment]
2 Investments in Class A Shares of the Fund are sold subject to a sales charge of up to [5.75%] of the investment. For some investors, the sales charge may be waived or reduced, see “Purchasing Shares” below. The full amount of the sales charges may be reallowed to brokers or dealers participating in the offering. Your financial intermediary may impose additional charges when you purchase Shares of the Fund.

 

This prospectus (the “Prospectus”) applies to the offering of two separate classes of shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”) in the Fund, designated as Class A Shares and Class I Shares. The Fund has received exemptive relief from the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) that permits the Fund to offer more than one class of Shares. The Fund’s Class I Shares are generally offered at the net asset value (“NAV”) per Share on each regular business day. The Fund has registered an unlimited number of Shares for sale under the registration statement to which this Prospectus relates. The Fund reserves the right to reject a purchase order for any reason.

Shareholders of the Fund (“Shareholders”) do not have the right to redeem their Shares. However, in order to provide some liquidity to Shareholders, the Fund has adopted a fundamental policy to conduct quarterly repurchase offers for a portion of its outstanding Shares. Subject to applicable law and approval of the Fund’s Board of Trustees, for each quarterly repurchase offer, the Fund currently expects to offer to repurchase no less than 5% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares at the applicable NAV per Share, reduced by any applicable repurchase fee. Written notification of each quarterly repurchase offer will be sent to Shareholders at least twenty-one (21) and no more than forty-two (42) days before the repurchase request deadline (i.e., the date by which Shareholders can tender their Shares in response to a repurchase offer) (the “Repurchase Request Deadline”). The date on which the Fund’s NAV applicable to a repurchase offer is calculated will occur no later than fourteen (14) days after the Repurchase Request Deadline (or the next business day if the fourteenth calendar day is not a business day). If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed, the Fund may repurchase shares on a pro rata basis and Shareholders may only be able to have a portion of their Shares repurchased. The Fund’s initial repurchase offer is expected to occur in [to be updated by amendment].

 

 

 

 

There is no assurance that you will be able to tender your Shares when or in the amount that you desire. See “Quarterly Repurchase Offers” and “Principal Risks— Repurchase Offers Risk” below and “Fundamental Policies” in the Fund’s statement of additional information (the “SAI”).

 

In the event that the Fund encounters delays in locating suitable investment opportunities, all or a substantial portion of the distributions made to you by the Fund may constitute a return of your capital and will lower your tax basis in your Shares. Distributions may contain a return of capital and that final tax determination of distributions cannot be made until a Form 1099-B is delivered. A return of capital generally is a return of your investment rather than a return of earnings or gains derived from the Fund’s investment activities and will be made after deduction of the fees and expenses payable in connection with the proceeds from the offering of Shares, including any fees payable to Jackson National Asset Management, LLC, the Fund’s investment adviser.

 

Shares are speculative and illiquid securities involving substantial risk of loss. An investment in the Fund is subject to, among others, the following risks:

 


An investor in Class A Shares will pay a sales load of up to [5.75]% on the amounts invested. If you pay the maximum aggregate [5.75]% for sales load, you must experience a total return on your net investment of [6.10]% in order to recover these expenses.

Shares are not listed on any securities exchange and it is not anticipated that a secondary market for Shares will develop.

You should generally not expect to be able to sell your Shares (other than through the repurchase process), regardless of how the Fund performs.

Although the Fund is required to implement a Share repurchase program, only a limited number of Shares will be eligible for repurchase by the Fund.

Although the Fund will offer to repurchase Shares from time to time, Shares will not be redeemable at a Shareholder’s option nor will they be exchangeable for shares of any other fund. As a result, an investor may not be able to sell or otherwise liquidate all of his or her Shares.

Shares are appropriate only for those investors who can tolerate a high degree of risk and do not require a liquid investment and for whom an investment in the Fund does not constitute a complete investment program.

Because you will be unable to sell your Shares or have them repurchased immediately, you will find it difficult to reduce your exposure on a timely basis during a market downturn.

The amount of distributions that the Fund may pay, if any, is uncertain.

The Fund may pay distributions in significant part from sources that may not be available in the future and that are unrelated to the Fund’s performance, such as from offering proceeds, borrowings, and amounts from the Fund’s affiliates that are subject to repayment by investors, if any.

Shares are speculative and involve a high degree of risk, including the risk associated with leverage. See “Principal Risks—Leverage Risk.”

 

This Prospectus provides concisely the important information that you should know about the Fund before investing. You should read this Prospectus carefully and retain it for future reference. Additional information about the Fund, including the SAI, dated [TBD, 2024], has been filed with the SEC. You can request a copy of the SAI and annual and semi-annual reports of the Fund (when available) without charge on the Fund’s website ([https://www.jackson.com/interval-funds.html]), by writing to the Fund at [to be updated by amendment], or by calling the Fund toll-free at [to be updated by amendment]. You may also call the Fund’s toll-free telephone number to request other information about the Fund or to make shareholder inquiries. The SAI is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus in its entirety. You can view information about the Fund, including the SAI and the Fund’s audited financial statements appearing in the Fund’s annual report to shareholders, when available, on the SEC’s website (http://www.sec.gov).

 

You should not construe the contents of this Prospectus as legal, tax or financial advice. You should consult with your own professional advisers as to legal, tax, financial, or other matters relevant to the suitability of an investment in the Fund.

 

 

 

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this Prospectus and the SAI. The Fund has not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. You should not assume that the information provided by this Prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date shown above. Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this Prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

Important note: As permitted by regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of the Fund’s annual and semi-annual shareholder reports will not be sent by mail, unless you specifically request paper copies of the reports. Instead, the reports will be made available on the Fund’s website ([https://www.jackson.com/interval-funds.html]), and you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted and provided with a website link to access the report. You may elect to receive all reports in paper free of charge. If you invest through a financial intermediary, you may contact your financial intermediary to request that you receive paper copies of your shareholder reports. If you invest directly with the Fund, you may call [to be updated by amendment] or send an email request to [to be updated by amendment] to let the Fund know you wish to receive paper copies of your shareholder reports. Your election to receive reports in paper will apply to all funds held in your account if you invest through your financial intermediary or all funds held within the fund complex if you invest directly with the Fund.

 

[Jackson National Life Distributors LLC (the "Distributor")] acts as the distributor for the Shares. In addition, certain U.S. institutions (including banks, trust companies, brokers and investment advisers) may be authorized to accept, on behalf of the Fund, purchase orders and repurchase requests placed by or on behalf of their customers, and if approved by the Fund, may designate other financial intermediaries to accept such orders.

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Summary 1
Summary of Fund Expenses 11
Financial Highlights 12
Use of Proceeds 12
Investment Objective and Strategies 12
Investment Policies 15
Principal Risks 16
Management of The Fund 29
Management Fee 31
Distributor 31
Shareholder Servicing Plan 32
Administrator 32
Transfer Agent 33
Custodian 33
Fund Expenses 33
Conflicts of Interest 33
Dividends and Distributions 34
Dividend Reinvestment 35
Outstanding Securities 35
Quarterly Repurchase Offers 35
Calculation of Net Asset Value and Valuation 38
Certain Tax Considerations 39
ERISA Considerations 40
Description of Shares 41
Purchasing Shares 41
Summary of The Declaration of Trust 42
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 43
Legal Counsel 43
Inquiries 43
Privacy Notice 44

 

 

 

 

Summary

 

This is only a summary and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in the Fund. Before investing in the Fund, you should carefully read the more detailed information appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus, the SAI, and the agreement and declaration of trust of the Fund (the “Declaration of Trust”).

 

The Fund. Jackson Real Assets Fund (the “Fund”) is a Massachusetts business trust that is registered under the 1940 Act as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund operates as an interval fund pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act.

 

The Fund is an appropriate investment only for those investors who can tolerate a high degree of risk and do not require a liquid investment.

 

The Fund has received an exemptive order from the SEC that permits the Fund to offer more than one class of Shares. Under the order, the Fund is authorized to issue two separate classes of shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”) designated as Class A Shares and Class I Shares, and the Fund may offer additional classes of Shares in the future. Each class of Shares is subject to different fees and expenses. As of the date of this Prospectus, Class I Shares are the only class offered for purchase.

Investment Objective. The Fund’s investment objective is to seek capital appreciation, and with a secondary objective of enhancing income.

 

Principal Investment Strategy. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its total assets (net assets plus the amount of any borrowings made for investment purposes) in public and private investments in the United States and globally in investments that provide exposure to the following real asset classes: (i) real estate, (ii) infrastructure, and (iii) natural capital, including but not limited to, agriculture, farmland, and timberland (collectively, “Real Asset Investments”).

 

The Fund obtains exposure to Real Asset Investments by allocating its assets to investments in third-party private funds (“Private Funds”) that themselves invest in real assets; publicly traded equity securities issued by real estate companies, including real estate investment trusts (“REITs”); and publicly traded equity securities of infrastructure companies.

 

Sub-Adviser 1 (“SA 1”) and Sub-Adviser 2 (“SA 2”) are unaffiliated investment managers (“Sub-Advisers”) who each provide day-to-day management for a portion of the Fund’s assets (each portion is sometimes referred to as a “sleeve”). Jackson National Asset Management, LLC (“JNAM” or “Adviser”) and each Sub-Adviser may use different investment techniques in managing a portion of the Fund’s assets.  Each Sub-Adviser acts independently from the other and uses its own methodology for selecting investments. The Adviser is responsible for identifying and retaining the Sub-Advisers for the sleeves and for monitoring the services provided by the Sub-Advisers. JNAM provides qualitative and quantitative supervision as part of its process for selecting and monitoring the Sub-Advisers. JNAM is also responsible for determining the amount of Fund assets to allocate to each Sub-Adviser. Based on JNAM’s ongoing evaluation of the Sub-Advisers, JNAM may adjust allocations between Sub-Advisers.
Under normal circumstances, the majority of the Fund’s assets are expected to be invested in Private Funds selected by JNAM, with the balance of the Fund’s assets primarily allocated to public Real Asset Investments selected by Sub-Advisers and to cash and cash equivalents.

Below are the principal investment strategies for each sleeve.

 

JNAM Private Real Assets Sleeve (“JNAM Sleeve”)

 

JNAM constructs the JNAM Sleeve by conducting research on a diversified mix of private real asset markets and then selecting each investment after conducting due diligence and assessing each Private Fund’s performance, repeatability, operations, oversight, and fit. The JNAM Sleeve will gain exposure to Real Asset Investments through investments in continuously offered Private Funds that themselves invest in real assets.

The JNAM Sleeve seeks to invest in Private Funds that:

Invest across a range of property sectors, including traditional private real estate sectors (office, residential, industrial, and retail) and sectors such as student housing, seniors housing, life sciences, and medical offices. By region, the investments in Private Funds principally target assets in the United States.
Invest in infrastructure, which have a varied approach by asset type while targeting both middle-market and larger-ticket private infrastructure management teams to capture distinct opportunities available in each category. The exposure to private infrastructure will include, but will not be limited to, utilities, transportation, digital, and logistics assets. These investments will generally exhibit a more global construct given the opportunity set and evolution of the sector.
Invest in private real estate and infrastructure debt. The debt-oriented Private Funds operate and provide financing to the same market segments as the equity-focused Private Fund exposures. The JNAM Sleeve will target predominantly senior debt Private Fund investments across the core, core-plus, and value-add sectors of both real estate and infrastructure.
The investments targeting natural capital sectors of the market will provide exposure to a mix of investments centered around farmland (i.e., row crops, horticulture, viticulture, and livestock) and timberland.

The Private Funds invest in the equity and debt financings associated with the acquisition, development, and operations of real assets. The Private Funds include funds that have minimums to close and maximum capital raise limitations (“targeted capital raises”) and multi-year periods with limited or no liquidity (“investment lock up periods”). Although the Private Funds are not investment companies registered pursuant to the 1940 Act, some of the fund structures may be considered traditional pooled investment vehicles that would be investment companies but for Sections 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act (“3(c)(1)/3(c)(7) Funds”). While others are entities that qualify as REITs that would otherwise qualify for an exemption from registration under the 1940 Act pursuant to Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the 1940 Act, or that would not be required to register as investment companies under the 1940 Act for reasons other than the exemptions provided for in Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act (collectively, “Other Private Funds”). The JNAM Sleeve intends to invest no more than 10% of the Fund’s assets at the time of investment in 3(c)(1)/3(c)(7) Funds (excluding for the avoidance of doubt, any Private Fund that would qualify as an Other Private Fund). Additionally, the JNAM Sleeve will not invest in Private Funds that hold themselves out as “hedge funds.”

The Fund will bear the costs of investing in Private Funds, which typically include the Private Fund’s management fees and incentive fees based on performance.  The fees charged by a Private Fund are unique to its particular investment strategy.

 

1

 

 

SA 1 Real Estate Sleeve (“SA 1 Sleeve”)

 

SA 1 constructs the SA 1 Sleeve by adhering to both a top-down and a bottom-up, relative value investment process when selecting publicly traded real estate securities. As a starting point, the portfolio managers receive input from SA 1’s dedicated macro strategy team. This team is responsible for formalizing SA 1’s economic views. To inform a broader view of global economies, the macro team draws upon data from governments, central banks, independent data providers, and the research conducted by SA 1 real assets analysts in North America, Europe and Asia. Next, to guide the portfolio construction process, SA 1 utilizes a proprietary valuation model that quantifies relative valuation of real estate securities based on price-to-net asset value (“NAV”), cash flow multiple/growth ratios and a dividend discount model (“DDM”). SA 1 incorporates both quantitative and qualitative analysis in their NAV, cash flow, growth and DDM estimates. The company research process includes an evaluation of the commercial real estate supply and demand dynamics, management, strategy, property quality, financial strength and corporate structure. Judgments with respect to risk control, geographic and property sector diversification, liquidity and other factors are considered along with the models’ output and drive SA 1’s investment decisions. The SA 1 Sleeve will not seek to achieve specific environmental, social or governance (“ESG”) outcomes through its portfolio of investments, nor will it pursue an overall impact or sustainable investment strategy. However, SA 1 may incorporate consideration of relevant ESG factors into its investment decision-making. For example, although SA 1 does not generally exclude investments based on ESG factors alone, when considering an investment opportunity with material exposure to carbon emissions regulation, this risk may be considered as one factor in the SA 1’s holistic review process.

 

Under normal market conditions, the SA 1 Sleeve invests primarily in equity securities issued by real estate companies. Real estate equity securities include common stocks, preferred stocks, other equity securities issued by real estate companies, including REITs and real estate operating companies as well as rights, warrants and convertible securities relating to the same. A real estate company is one that (i) derives at least 50% of its revenue from the ownership, construction, financing, management or sale of commercial, industrial or residential real estate and land; or (ii) has at least 50% of its assets invested in such real estate. REITs are companies that own interests in real estate or in real estate related loans or other interests, and their revenue primarily consists of rent derived from owned, income producing real estate properties and capital gains from the sale of such properties. The SA 1 Sleeve may invest without limit in shares of REITs. A REIT in the U.S. is generally not taxed on income distributed to shareholders so long as it meets certain tax related requirements, including the requirement that it distribute substantially all of its taxable income to such shareholders (other than net capital gains for each taxable year). REIT-like entities are organized outside of the U.S. and have operations and receive tax treatment in their respective countries similar to that of U.S. REITs. The SA 1 Sleeve retains the ability to invest in real estate companies of any market capitalization.

 

The SA 1 Sleeve may also invest in securities of foreign issuers which meet the same criteria for investment as domestic companies, including investments in such companies in the form of American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”).

 

SA 2 (“SA 2 Sleeve”)

 

The SA 2 Sleeve’s investment strategy is based on active, bottom-up stock selection which seeks to identify mispricing. The strategy seeks to minimize risk through on-the-ground research, a focus on quality, and sensible portfolio construction.

 

SA 2 constructs the SA 2 Sleeve, by investing primarily in publicly traded equity securities of infrastructure companies. The SA 2 Sleeve will typically invest in U.S. and non-U.S. (foreign markets), which may include developing and emerging market countries.

 

The SA 2 Sleeve defines non-U.S. companies as companies (i) that are organized under the laws of a foreign country; (ii) whose principal trading market is in a foreign country; or (iii) that have a majority of their assets, or that derive a significant portion of their revenue or profits from businesses, investments or sales, outside of the United States. Under normal market conditions, the SA 2 Sleeve invests least 40% (unless market conditions are not deemed favorable by SA 2, in which case the SA 2 Sleeve would invest at least 30%) in non-U.S. infrastructure companies.

 

The SA 2 Sleeve defines an infrastructure company as one that exhibits the characteristics of high barriers to entry, strong pricing power, predictable cash flows and sustainable growth. The SA 2 Sleeve defines infrastructure assets, among other things, as the physical structures, networks and systems of transportation, energy, water, waste, and communication. Given the evolving nature of the global listed infrastructure market, the SA 2 Sleeve may hold securities outside of the above sectors as long as they meet the SA 2 Sleeve’s definition of an infrastructure company.

 

The equity securities in which the SA 2 Sleeve may invest include, but are not limited to, common and preferred stock of companies of any size market capitalizations. The foreign securities in which the SA 2 Sleeve may invest include, but not limited to, depositary receipts, such as ADRs, EDRs and GDRs. The SA 2 Sleeve may also invest in initial public offerings (“IPOs”).

 

The SA 2 Sleeve may invest without limit in stapled securities to gain exposure to infrastructure companies in [    ]. The value of stapled securities and the income derived from them may fall as well as rise. Stapled securities are not obligations of, deposits in, or guaranteed by, the Fund.

 

2

 

 

The SA 2 Sleeve may invest in REITs and limited partnerships and master limited partnerships (“MLPs”) listed on a domestic or foreign exchange that meet the Fund’s definition of an infrastructure company.

 

The SA 2 Sleeve may invest in Rule 144A and Regulation S securities. Rule 144A securities are securities offered as exempt from registration with the SEC but are typically treated as liquid securities because there is a market for such securities. Regulation S securities are securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers that are issued through private offerings without registration with the SEC pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

Risk Factors.

 


Limited operating history risk – The Fund is newly-formed and has no operating history. The Fund is subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new business.

 


Unlisted closed-end structure; liquidity limited to quarterly repurchases of Shares – The Fund is an unlisted closed-end fund designed primarily for long-term investors, and liquidity is limited to quarterly repurchases of Shares. The Fund does not intend to list the Shares on any securities exchange and a secondary market for Shares is not expected to develop.

 


Repurchase offer risk – The Fund currently expects to conduct quarterly repurchase offers for no less than 5% of its outstanding Shares. Substantial requests for the Fund to repurchase Shares could require the Fund to liquidate certain of its investments more rapidly than otherwise desirable. In the event that a repurchase offer is oversubscribed, the Fund will repurchase tendered Shares on a pro rata basis. Shareholders may be unable to liquidate all or a given percentage of their investment in the Fund during a particular repurchase offer.

 


Unspecified investments; dependence on the Sub-Advisers – The Fund is dependent on the ability of the Sub-Adviser to identify and implement investments as opportunities arise. Each Sub-Adviser has full discretionary authority to identify, structure, allocate, administer, monitor and liquidate the Fund’s investments in its respective portion of the Fund’s portfolio, or sleeve. There can be no assurance that a Sub-Adviser will be able to select or implement successful strategies or achieve the Fund’s investment objective.

 


Real estate investment risk Real estate is affected by general economic conditions and legal, cultural or technological developments. When growth is slowing, demand for property decreases and prices may decline. Real estate company share prices may drop because of the failure of borrowers to pay their loans and poor management. The securities of smaller real estate-related issuers can be more volatile and less liquid than securities of larger issuers and their issuers can have more limited financial resources.

 


REIT investment risk The risks of investing in REITs include certain risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate and the real estate industry in general. These include risks related to general, regional and local economic conditions; difficulties in valuing and disposing of real estate; fluctuations in interest rates and property tax rates; shifts in zoning laws; environmental regulations and other governmental action; cash flow dependency; increased operating expenses; lack of availability of mortgage funds; losses due to natural disasters; overbuilding; losses due to casualty or condemnation; changes in property values and rental rates; the management skill and creditworthiness of the REIT manager; and other factors. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in limited volume, may engage in dilutive offerings of securities and may be more volatile than other securities. REIT issuers may also fail to maintain their exemptions from investment company registration or fail to qualify for the “dividends paid deduction” under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which allows REITs to reduce their corporate taxable income for dividends paid to their shareholders.

 


Infrastructure companies risk Infrastructure companies may be subject to a variety of factors that may adversely affect their business or operations, including high interest costs in connection with capital construction programs, high leverage, costs associated with environmental and other regulations, the effects of economic slowdown, surplus capacity, increased competition from other providers of services, uncertainties concerning the availability of fuel at reasonable prices, the effects of energy conservation policies and other factors. Some of the specific risks that infrastructure companies may be particularly affected by, or subject to, include the following: government regulatory risk, technology risk, regional or geographic risk, natural disasters risk, through-put risk, project risk, strategic asset risk, operation risk, customer risk, interest rate risk, inflation risk and financing risk.

 

In particular, the operations of infrastructure projects are exposed to unplanned interruptions caused by significant catastrophic events, such as cyclones, earthquakes, landslides, floods, explosion, fire, terrorist attack, major plant breakdown, pipeline or electricity line rupture or other disasters. Operational disruption, as well as supply disruption, could adversely impact the cash flows available from these assets.

 

Further, national and local environmental laws and regulations affect the operations of infrastructure projects. Standards are set by these laws, and regulations are imposed regarding certain aspects of health and environmental quality, and they provide for penalties and other liabilities for the violation of such standards, and establish, in certain circumstances, obligations to remediate and rehabilitate current and former facilities and locations where operations are, or were, conducted. These laws and regulations may have a detrimental impact on the financial performance of infrastructure projects.



Private Funds risk – The Private Funds will not be subject to the 1940 Act, nor will they be publicly traded. As a result, the Fund’s investments in the Private Funds will not be subject to the protections afforded to Shareholders under the 1940 Act. By investing in the Private Funds indirectly through the Fund, a shareholder bears two layers of asset-based fees and expenses – at the Fund level and the Private Fund level – in addition to indirectly bearing any performance fees charged by the Private Fund. Given the limited liquidity of the Private Funds, the Fund may not be able to alter its portfolio allocation in sufficient time to respond to any such changes, resulting in substantial losses from risks of Private Funds.

 


Investor suitability – An investment in the Fund is suitable only for investors who can bear the risk associated with the limited liquidity of the Shares and should not be viewed as a complete investment program.

 


Market risk – Portfolio securities may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally, such as real or perceived adverse economic, political, or regulatory conditions, inflation, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment, public health issues, including widespread disease and virus epidemics or pandemics, war, terrorism or natural disasters, among others. Adverse market conditions may be prolonged and may not have the same impact on all types of securities. The values of securities may fall due to factors affecting a particular issuer, industry or the securities market as a whole.

 


Stock risk – Stock markets may experience significant short-term volatility and may fall sharply at times. Different stock markets may behave differently from each other and U.S. stock markets may move in the opposite direction from one or more foreign stock markets. The prices of individual stocks generally do not all move in the same direction at the same time and a variety of factors can affect the price of a particular company’s stock.

 


Volatility risk – The Fund may have investments that appreciate or depreciate significantly in value over short periods of time. This may cause the Fund’s net asset value per share to experience significant appreciations or depreciations in value over short periods of time.

 


Temporary defensive positions and large cash positions risk In anticipation of, or in response to, adverse market or other conditions, or atypical circumstances such as unusually large cash inflows or rebalances, the Fund (or a sleeve of the Fund) may temporarily hold all or a significant portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents, affiliated and unaffiliated money market funds, or high quality debt instruments. Taking a defensive or large cash position may reduce the potential for appreciation of the portfolio and may affect performance.

 

 

3

 


Tax risk In order for a regulated investment company (“RIC”) to qualify as such under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code” or the “Code”), including certain of the series of registered investment companies that invest in the Fund, the RIC must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from “qualifying income,” which is described in more detail in the SAI. Certain income and gains do not constitute “qualifying income” to a RIC for purposes of the 90% gross income test. The tax treatment of some other instruments in which the Fund might invest is not certain, in particular with respect to whether income or gains from such instruments constitute qualifying income to a RIC. In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership which would be qualifying income if realized directly by the RIC. The Fund will therefore annually restrict its income from other assets that give rise to non-qualifying income to a maximum of 10% of the Fund’s gross income.

 


Operational risk – An investment in the Fund, like any fund, can involve operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors, human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel and errors caused by third-party service providers. The occurrence of any of these failures, errors or breaches could result in a loss of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage or other events, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund. While the Fund seeks to minimize such events through controls and oversight, there may still be failures that could cause losses to the Fund.

 


Non-diversification risk The Fund is non-diversified, as defined by the 1940 Act, and as such may invest in the securities of a limited number of issuers and may invest a greater percentage of its assets in a particular issuer. Therefore, a decline in the market price of a particular security held by the Fund may affect the Fund’s performance more than if the Fund were a diversified investment company.

 


Foreign securities risk Investments in, or exposure to, foreign securities involve risks not typically associated with U.S. investments. These risks include, among others, adverse fluctuations in foreign currency values, possible imposition of foreign withholding or other taxes on income payable on the securities, as well as adverse political, social and economic developments, such as political upheaval, acts of terrorism, financial troubles, sanctions or the threat of new or modified sanctions, or natural disasters. Many foreign securities markets, especially those in emerging market countries, are less stable, smaller, less liquid, and less regulated than U.S. securities markets, and the costs of trading in those markets is often higher than in U.S. securities markets. There may also be less publicly available information about issuers of foreign securities compared to issuers of U.S. securities. In addition, the economies of certain foreign markets may not compare favorably with the economy of the United States with respect to issues such as growth of gross national product, reinvestment of capital, resources and balance of payments position.

 


Emerging markets and less developed countries risk Emerging market and less developed countries generally are located in Asia, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Central and South America and Africa. Investments in, or exposure to, securities that are tied economically to emerging market and less developed countries are subject to all of the risks of investments in, or exposure to, foreign securities, generally to a greater extent than in developed markets, among other risks. Investments in securities that are tied economically to emerging markets involve greater risk from economic and political systems that typically are less developed, and likely to be less stable, than those in more advanced countries. The Fund also will be subject to the risk of adverse foreign currency rate fluctuations. Emerging market and less developed countries may also have economies that are predominantly based on only a few industries or dependent on revenues from particular commodities. The risks of nationalization, expropriation or other confiscation of assets of non-U.S. issuers is also greater in emerging and less developed countries. As a result of these risks, investments in securities tied economically to emerging markets tend to be more volatile than investments in securities of developed countries.

 


Investment in other investment companies risk As with other investments, investments in other investment companies, including exchange-traded funds, are subject to market risk. In addition, if the Fund acquires shares of investment companies, including ones affiliated with the Fund, Shareholders bear both their proportionate share of expenses in the Fund (including management and advisory fees) and, indirectly, the expenses of the investment companies in which the Fund invests. To the extent that shares of the Fund are held by an affiliated fund, the ability of the Fund itself to invest in other investment companies may be limited.

 


Stapled securities risk – A stapled security is comprised of two different securities—a unit of a trust and a share of a company—that are “stapled” together and treated as a unit at all times, including for transfer or trading. The characteristics and value of a stapled security are influenced by both underlying securities. Stapled securities are not obligations of, deposits in, or guaranteed by, the Fund. The listing of stapled securities on a domestic or foreign exchange does not guarantee a liquid market for stapled securities.

 


Cybersecurity risk Cyber attacks could cause business failures or delays in daily processing and the Fund may need to delay transactions, consistent with regulatory requirements, as a result could impact the performance of the Fund.

 


Currency risk Investments in foreign currencies, securities that trade in or receive revenues in foreign currencies, or derivatives that provide exposure to foreign currencies are subject to the risk that those currencies may decline in value or, in the case of hedging positions, that the currency may decline in value relative to the currency being hedged. Currency exchange rates can be volatile and may be affected by a number of factors, such as the general economics of a country, the actions (or inaction) of U.S. and foreign governments or central banks, the imposition of currency controls, and speculation. A decline in the value of a foreign currency versus the U.S. dollar reduces the value in U.S. dollars of investments denominated in that foreign currency.

 

4

 

 


Preferred stock risk – Preferred stock represents an equity interest in a company that generally entitles the holder to receive, in preference to the holders of other stocks such as common stocks, dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from a liquidation of the company. Risks of preferred stock include (i) the ability of the issuer to defer or omit distributions for a stated period in its sole discretion, (ii) the potential for the security to lose value based on the credit worthiness of the issuer or its decision to defer distributions, (iii) the potential for the security to lose value in light of the increase in market interest rates (iv) the potential for the issuer to call (repay) the security or extend the term of the security, subject to the issue’s terms and issuer’s discretion, which may impact the value of the security in light of prevailing market interest rates at that time (iv) the risk that the preferred securities may have a less liquid market than government securities or other equity securities issued by the issuer, and (v) being subject to the decisions of voting shareholders of an issuer as preferred securities typically contain limited, or no, voting rights.

 


Managed portfolio risk – As an actively managed portfolio, the Fund's portfolio manager(s) make decisions to buy and sell holdings in the Fund's portfolio. Because of this, the value of the Fund’s investments could decline because the financial condition of an issuer may change (due to such factors as management performance, reduced demand or overall market changes), financial markets may fluctuate or overall prices may decline, the Adviser’s and Sub-Advisers’ investment techniques could fail to achieve the Fund’s investment objective or negatively affect the Fund’s investment performance, or legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may affect the investment techniques available to the Adviser and Sub-Advisers of the Fund. There is no guarantee that the investment objective of the Fund will be achieved.

 


Equity securities risk – Common and preferred stocks represent equity ownership in a company. Stock markets are volatile, and equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed-income securities. The price of equity or equity-related securities will fluctuate and can decline and reduce the value of a portfolio investing in equity or equity-related securities. The value of equity or equity-related securities purchased or held by the Fund could decline if the financial condition of the companies the Fund invests in decline or if overall market and economic conditions deteriorate. They may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or an increase in production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. In addition, they may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a company or industry, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or generally adverse investor sentiment.

 


Company risk Investments in U.S. and/or foreign-traded equity securities may fluctuate more than the values of other types of securities in response to changes in a particular company’s financial condition.

 


Concentration risk The Fund may concentrate its investments in certain securities. To the extent that the Fund focuses on particular countries, regions, industries, sectors, issuers, types of investment or limited number of securities from time to time, the Fund may be subject to greater risks of adverse economic, business or political developments in the area of focus than a fund that invests in a wider variety of countries, regions, industries, sectors or investments.

 


Sector risk – Companies with similar characteristics may be grouped together in broad categories called sectors. Sector risk is the risk that securities of companies within specific sectors of the economy can perform differently than the overall market. For example, this may be due to changes in the regulatory or competitive environment or changes in investor perceptions regarding a sector. Because the Fund may allocate relatively more assets to certain sectors than others, the Fund’s performance may be more susceptible to any developments which affect those sectors emphasized by the Fund. In addition, the Fund could underperform other funds investing in similar sectors or comparable benchmarks because of the investment manager’s choice of securities within such sector.

 

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Master limited partnership risk – An investment in MLP units involves some risks that differ from an investment in the common stock of a corporation. Holders of MLP units have limited control on matters affecting the partnership. Investing in MLPs involves certain risks related to investing in the underlying assets of the MLPs and risks associated with pooled investment vehicles. MLPs holding credit-related investments are subject to interest rate risk and the risk of default on payment obligations by debt issuers. MLPs that concentrate in a particular industry or a particular geographic region are subject to risks associated with such industry or region. The benefit derived from the Fund’s investment in MLPs is largely dependent on the MLPs being treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes. Certain MLPs may be illiquid securities.

 


Regulation S securities risk Regulation S securities may be less liquid than publicly traded securities and may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements that would be applicable if they were publicly traded. Accordingly, Regulation S securities may involve a high degree of business and financial risk and may result in substantial losses.

 


Rule 144A securities risk – Rule 144A securities are securities offered as exempt from registration with the SEC, but may be treated as liquid securities because there is a market for such securities. Rule 144A securities may have an active trading market, but carry the risk that the active trading market may not continue. To the extent that institutional buyers become, for a time, uninterested in purchasing Rule 144A securities, investing in such securities could increase the Fund’s level of illiquidity.

 


Investments in IPOs risk IPOs issued by unseasoned companies with little or no operating history are risky and highly volatile.

 


Mid-capitalization and small-capitalization investing risk – The securities of mid-capitalization and small-capitalization companies involve greater risks than those associated with larger, more established companies and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements. Securities of such issuers may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable a Fund to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price. Both mid-capitalization and small-capitalization companies often have narrower markets and more limited managerial and financial resources than larger, more established companies. As a result, their performance can be more volatile and they face greater risk of business failure, which could increase the volatility of a Fund’s portfolio. Generally, the smaller the company size, the greater these risks become.

 


Accounting risk – The Fund bases investment selections, in part, on information drawn from the financial statements of issuers. Financial statements may not be accurate, may reflect differing approaches with respect to auditing and reporting standards and may affect the ability of the Fund’s investment manager to identify appropriate investment opportunities.

 


Agriculture/Farmland-related companies risk – An investment in the Fund is subject to certain risks associated with investments in and related to agriculture and farmland.  These investments are subject to various risks, including adverse changes in national or international economic conditions, adverse local market conditions, adverse natural conditions such as storms, floods, drought, windstorms, hail, temperature extremes, frosts, soil erosion, infestations and blights, failure of irrigation or other mechanical systems used to cultivate the land, financial conditions of tenants, marketability of any particular kind of crop that may be influenced, among other things, by changing consumer tastes and preferences, import and export restrictions or tariffs, casualty or condemnation losses, government subsidy or production programs, buyers and sellers of properties, availability of excess supply of property relative to demand, changes in availability of debt financing, changes in interest rates, real estate tax rates and other operating expenses, environmental laws and regulations, governmental regulation of and risks associated with the use of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals used in commercial agriculture, zoning laws and other governmental rules and fiscal policies, energy prices, changes in the relative popularity of properties, risk due to dependence on cash flow, as well as acts of God, uninsurable losses and other factors which are beyond the control of the Fund or the Private Funds.

 


Timberland-related companies risk – An investment in the Fund is subject to certain risks associated with the ownership of timberland, timber and timber-related assets in general, including: the volatility of forest product prices; changes in foreign and U.S. trade and tariff policies; general market forces, such as regional growth rates, construction activity, changes in currency exchange rates and capital spending; competition from the use of alternative building materials and other decreases in demand; forestry regulations restricting timber harvesting or other aspects of business; the illiquidity of timber-related asset investments; losses from fire and other causes; uninsured casualties; force majeure acts, terrorist events, under-insured or uninsurable losses; and other factors which are beyond the reasonable control of the Fund or the Private Funds.

 

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Utilities sector risk – Utility company securities are particularly sensitive to interest rate movements; when interest rates rise, the stock prices of these companies tend to fall. The continually changing regulatory environment, at both the state and federal level, has led to greater competition in the industry and the emergence of non-regulated providers as a significant part of the industry, which may make some companies less profitable. Companies in the utilities industry may: (i) be subject to risks associated with the difficulty of obtaining adequate returns on invested capital in spite of frequent rate increases and of financing large construction programs during periods of inflation; (ii) face restrictions on operations and increased costs due to environmental and safety regulations, including increased fuel costs; (iii) find that existing plants and equipment or products have been rendered obsolete by technical innovations; (iv) confront challenging environmental conditions, including natural or man-made disasters; (v) tackle difficulties of the capital markets in absorbing utility debt and equity securities; (vi) incur risks associated with the operation of nuclear power plants; and (vii) face the effects of energy conservation and other factors affecting the level of demand for services. Government regulators monitor and control utility revenues and costs, and therefore may limit utility profits. The deregulation of certain utility companies may eliminate restrictions on profits, but may also subject these companies to greater risks of loss. Adverse regulatory changes could prevent or delay utilities from passing along cost increases to customers, which could hinder a utility’s ability to meet its obligations to its suppliers. Furthermore, regulatory authorities, which may be subject to political and other pressures, may not grant future rate increases, or may impose accounting or operational policies, any of which could affect a company's profitability and the value of its securities. In addition, federal, state and municipal governmental authorities may review existing construction projects, and impose additional, regulations governing the licensing, construction and operation of power plants. Any of these factors could result in a material adverse impact on the Fund’s holdings and the performance of the Fund and, to the extent a Fund is concentrated in the utilities sector, any potential material adverse impact may be magnified.

 


European investment risk – Investing in Europe involves many of the same risks as investing in foreign securities. In addition, since Europe includes both developed and emerging markets, investments by the Fund will be subject to the risks associated with investments in such markets. Performance is expected to be closely tied to social, political, and economic conditions within Europe and to be more volatile than the performance of more geographically diversified funds. The European financial markets have recently experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about economic downturns in, or rising government debt levels of, several European countries as well as acts of war in the region. These events may spread to other countries in Europe and may affect the value and liquidity of certain of the Fund’s investments. For example, in June 2016, the United Kingdom approved a referendum to leave the European Union (commonly known as “Brexit”). The United Kingdom left the European Union on January 31, 2020. Following the withdrawal, there was an eleven-month transition period, ending December 31, 2020, during which the United Kingdom and the European Union agreed to a Trade and Cooperation Agreement governing the future relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union. Brexit could lead to legal and tax uncertainty and potentially divergent national laws and regulations as the United Kingdom determines which European Union laws to replace or replicate. Additionally, Brexit could lead to global economic uncertainty and result in volatility in global stock markets and currency exchange rate fluctuations. This uncertainty may impact opportunities, pricing, availability and cost of bank financing, regulation, values or exit opportunities of companies or assets based, doing business, or having services or other significant relationships in, the United Kingdom or the European Union. Brexit may also create the potential for decreased trade, the possibility of capital outflows from the United Kingdom, devaluation of the pound sterling, the cost of higher corporate bond spreads, and the risk that all the above could negatively impact business and consumer spending as well as foreign direct investment.

 

7

 

 


Depositary receipts risk – Depositary receipts, such as American depositary receipts ("ADRs"), global depositary receipts ("GDRs"), and European depositary receipts ("EDRs"), may be issued in sponsored or un-sponsored programs. They may be traded in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market or on a regional exchange, or may otherwise have limited liquidity. The prices of depositary receipts may differ from the prices of securities upon which they are based. In a sponsored program, a security issuer has made arrangements to have its securities traded in the form of depositary receipts. In an un-sponsored program, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation of the program. Holders of un-sponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of the facility. The depository usually charges fees upon deposit and withdrawal of the underlying securities, the conversion of dividends into U.S. dollars or other currency, the disposition of non-cash distributions, and the performance of other services. Depositary receipts involve many of the same risks as direct investments in foreign securities. These risks include: fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which are affected by international balances of payments and other economic and financial conditions; government intervention; and speculation. With respect to certain foreign countries, there is the possibility of expropriation or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political and social upheaval, and economic instability. Investments in depositary receipts that are exchange traded or OTC may also subject the Fund to liquidity risk. This risk is enhanced in connection with OTC depositary receipts.

 


Liquidity risk – Investments in securities that are difficult to purchase or sell (illiquid or thinly-traded securities) may reduce returns if the Fund is unable to sell the securities at an advantageous time or price or achieve its desired level of exposure to a certain sector. Liquidity risk arises, for example, from small average trading volumes, lack of a market maker, trading restrictions, or temporary suspensions of trading. To meet repurchase requests, the Fund may be forced to sell securities at an unfavorable time and/or under unfavorable conditions.

 


Government regulatory risk – Certain industries or sectors, including, but not limited to, real estate, financial services, utilities, oil and natural gas exploration and production, and health care are subject to increased regulatory requirements. There can be no guarantee that companies in which the Fund invests will meet all applicable regulatory requirements. Certain companies could incur substantial fines and penalties for failing to meet government regulatory requirements. These requirements may also result in additional compliance expenses and costs. Such increased regulatory compliance costs could hurt a company’s performance.

 


Investment risk – An investment in the Fund’s Shares represents an indirect investment in the investments and other financial assets owned by the Fund. The value of the Fund’s investments will generally fluctuate.

 


Issuer risk – The value of an individual security or particular type of security can be more volatile than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the market as a whole. A security’s value may decline for reasons that directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, corporate governance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer’s goods or services.

 

Management. The Board has overall responsibility for the management and supervision of the business operations of the Fund. See “Management of the Fund—The Board of Trustees.” To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Board may delegate any of its rights, powers and authority to, among others, the officers of the Fund, any committee of the Board or the Adviser.

 

The Adviser and Administrator. Pursuant to an investment advisory and management agreement (the “Investment Management Agreement”), Jackson National Asset Management, LLC (“JNAM” or the “Adviser”), an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), serves as the Fund’s investment adviser. The Adviser was organized under the laws of the State of Michigan on November 1, 2000. The Adviser may allocate responsibility for all or a portion of the assets of the Fund to a Sub-Adviser for the day-to-day investment management of such assets subject to the Adviser’s oversight. JNAM also serves as the Fund’s administrator pursuant to an administration agreement (the “Administration Agreement”) between the Fund and JNAM. JNAM, in its capacity as administrator, provides or procures, at its own expense, certain legal, audit, fund accounting, custody (except overdraft and interest expense), transfer agent, expenses related to the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer, printing and mailing, and other administrative services necessary for the operation of the Fund.

 

The Sub-Advisers [to be updated by amendment]. [ ] and [ ], each serve as a sub-adviser to the Fund and provide the day-to-day portfolio management of those assets of the Fund allocated to it by the Adviser. Each Sub-Adviser is responsible for choosing a portion of the Fund’s investments and handling its day-to-day business as required by the investment sub-advisory agreement (each, a “Sub-Advisory Agreement” and collectively, the "Sub-Advisory Agreements") between the Adviser and each Sub-Adviser; however, certain services may be performed by affiliates of a Sub-Adviser. Each Sub-Adviser carries out its duties subject to the policies established by the Board of Trustees.

 

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[To be updated with description of Sub-Adviser 1].

 

[To be updated with description of Sub-Adviser 2].

 

The Distributor. [Jackson National Life Distributors LLC (the "Distributor")], an affiliate of the Adviser located at [300 Innovation Drive, Franklin, Tennessee 37067], serves as distributor of the Fund’s Shares on a best efforts basis pursuant to a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) between the Fund and the Distributor.

 

The Transfer Agent. The Fund has retained [to be updated by amendment] (the "Transfer Agent") to provide transfer agency services to the Fund. Fees and expenses of the Transfer Agent are paid by JNAM in its capacity as the Fund’s administrator. See “Fund Expenses” below.

 

Fees and Expenses. The expenses of the Fund include the Management Fee, Administration Fee, and (for Class A Shares) the Shareholder Servicing Fee (including, without limitation, its offering expenses). A more detailed discussion of the Fund’s expenses can be found under “Fund Expenses.”

 

Management Fee. As compensation under the Investment Management Agreement, the Fund pays the Adviser a monthly management fee equal to [to be updated by amendment]% on an annualized basis of the average daily net assets of the Fund. See “Management Fee.”

 

Sub-Adviser Fees. As compensation under each Sub-Advisory Agreement, the Adviser pays each Sub-Adviser a monthly sub-advisory fee on an annualized basis of the average daily net assets of the Fund allocated to each Sub-Adviser. The table outlines the sub-advisory fee paid to each Sub-Adviser:

 

  Sub-Advisory Fees
Paid as a percentage
of Average Daily Net
Assets as of [to be updated by amendment]
[Sub-Adviser 1] [   ]%
[Sub-Adviser 2] [   ]%

 

Administration Fee. As compensation under the Administration Agreement, the Fund pays JNAM a monthly administration fee equal to [to be updated by amendment]% on an annualized basis of the average daily net assets of the Fund.

 

Distributions. Because the Fund intends to qualify as and be eligible to be treated each year as a RIC under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the Fund intends to distribute at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as the term is defined in the Code) and any net tax-exempt interest income for such year. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that the Fund will pay distributions to Shareholders at any particular rate or at all. Each year, a statement on Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) Form 1099-DIV identifying the amount and character of the Fund’s distributions will be mailed to Shareholders. See “Summary - Taxes” below.

 

Purchasing Shares. The Fund generally is available for purchase only by residents of the United States, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The minimum initial investment in the Fund is $[to be updated by amendment] for Class A Shares and $[to be updated by amendment] for Class I Shares, and the minimum additional investment in the Fund is $[to be updated by amendment] for each class of Shares. For Shares purchased through a financial intermediary, when determining whether an investor meets the applicable investment minimums, the value of any Shares being purchased may be combined with the value of any Shares of the same class that were purchased or will be purchased within six months from the initial purchase for Class A Shares and Class I Shares by any investor through such intermediary, provided such intermediary enters into the requisite letter of intent; provided, however, that the minimum amount purchased by any investor is at least $[to be updated by amendment]. The stated investment minimums may be reduced for certain investors. See “Purchasing Shares” below.

 

The Fund has received exemptive relief from the SEC that permits the Fund to offer more than one class of Shares. As of the date of this Prospectus, Class A Shares are not currently offered to investors.  Shares are generally offered at the NAV per Share on each regular business day.

 

Quarterly Repurchase Offers. The Fund is an “interval fund” that operates pursuant to Rule 23c-2 under the 1940 Act. In order to provide liquidity to Shareholders, the Fund has adopted a fundamental investment policy to make quarterly offers to repurchase between 5% and 25% of its outstanding Shares at the applicable NAV per Share, reduced by any applicable repurchase fee. Subject to applicable law and approval of the Board, for each quarterly repurchase offer, the Fund currently expects to offer to repurchase no less than 5% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares at the applicable NAV per Share, which is the minimum amount permitted. Written notification of each quarterly repurchase offer will be sent to Shareholders at least twenty-one (21) and no more than forty-two (42) days before the repurchase request deadline (i.e., the date by which Shareholders can tender their Shares in response to a repurchase offer) (the “Repurchase Request Deadline”). The date on which the Fund’s NAV applicable to a repurchase offer is calculated will occur no later than fourteen (14) days after the Repurchase Request Deadline (or the next business day if the fourteenth calendar day is not a business day). If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed, the Fund may repurchase shares on a pro rata basis and shareholders may only be able to have a portion of their Shares repurchased. The Fund’s initial repurchase offer is expected to occur on or about [to be updated by amendment].

 

9

 

 

The Fund’s Shares are not listed on any securities exchange, and the Fund anticipates that no secondary market will develop for its Shares. Accordingly, you may not be able to sell Shares when and/or in the amount that you desire. Shareholders should consider Shares of the Fund to be an illiquid investment. Thus, the Shares are appropriate only as a long-term investment. In addition, the Fund’s repurchase offers may subject the Fund and Shareholders to special risks. See “Principal Risks — Repurchase Offers Risk.”

 

The Fund may charge an early repurchase fee of not more than 2.00%, if any, with respect to any repurchase of Shares from a Shareholder at any time prior to the day immediately preceding the one-year anniversary of the Shareholder’s purchase of the Shares. Shares tendered for repurchase will be treated as having been repurchased on a “first in-first out” basis. The Fund may waive the early repurchase fee, if any, for certain categories of Shareholders or transactions, such as repurchases of Shares in the event of the Shareholder’s death or disability, or in connection with certain distributions from employer sponsored benefit plans. See “Purchasing Shares” and “Quarterly Repurchase Offers.”

 

Taxes. The Fund intends to elect to be treated, and intends to qualify as and be eligible to be treated each year, as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As such, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax, provided that it distributes all of its taxable income and gains each year.

 

For a discussion of certain tax risks and considerations relating to an investment in the Fund see “Tax Reports” below and “Certain Tax Considerations.”

 

Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the specific U.S. federal, state, local, U.S. and non-U.S. tax consequences, including applicable tax reporting requirements.

 

Tax Reports. The Fund will distribute to its Shareholders, after the end of each calendar year, IRS Forms 1099-DIV detailing the amounts includible in such investor’s taxable income for such year as ordinary income, qualified dividend income and long-term capital gains. Dividends and other taxable distributions are taxable to the Fund’s Shareholders even if they are reinvested in additional Shares.

 

ERISA Plans and Other Tax-Exempt Entities. Investors subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and Section 4975 of the Code, including employee benefit plans, individual retirement accounts (each, an “IRA”), and Keogh plans may purchase Shares. Because the Fund is registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act, the underlying assets of the Fund will not be considered to be “plan assets” subject to the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction rules of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code. Thus, it is not intended that the Adviser will be a “fiduciary” within the meaning of ERISA with respect to the assets of any “benefit plan investor” within the meaning of ERISA that becomes a Shareholder, solely as a result of the Shareholder’s investment in the Fund. For additional information, see “ERISA Considerations” below.

 

Reports to Shareholders. Shareholders will receive an audited annual and unaudited semi-annual report for the Fund. 


Fiscal and Tax Year. The Fund’s fiscal year and tax year is the 12-month period ending on March 31.

 

Term. The Fund’s term is perpetual unless the Fund is otherwise terminated under the terms of the Declaration of Trust.

 

10

 

 

Summary of Fund Expenses

 

The following table illustrates the expenses and fees that the Fund expects to incur and that Shareholders can expect to bear directly or indirectly. [To be updated by amendment]

 

Shareholder Transaction Expenses Class A Shares Class I Shares
Maximum Sales Load1 [5.75]% None
Maximum Early Repurchase Fee (as a percentage of repurchased amount)2 [2.00]% [2.00]%
 
 Annual Expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to Shares) Class A Shares Class I Shares
Management Fee3 [   ]% [   ]%
Shareholder Servicing Fee4 [0.25]% None
Other Expenses5,6 [0.25]% [0.25]%
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses7 [   ]% [   ]%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses Before Fee Waivers and Expense Reimbursements [   ]% [   ]%

 

1
Investments in Class A Shares of the Fund are sold subject to a sales charge of up to [5.75]% of the investment. For some investors, the sales charge may be waived or reduced, see “Purchasing Shares.” The full amount of the sales charges may be reallowed to brokers or dealers participating in the offering. Your financial intermediary may impose additional charges when you purchase Shares of the Fund.
2
The Fund may charge an early repurchase fee of not more than [2.00]%, if any, with respect to any repurchase of Shares from a Shareholder at any time prior to the day immediately preceding the one‑year anniversary of the Shareholder’s purchase of the Shares.
3
The management fee is equal to [   ]% on an annualized basis of the average daily net assets of the Fund. See “Management Fee” for additional information.
4
As of the date of this prospectus, Class A shares are not currently offered. Class A Shares are subject to a monthly shareholder servicing fee at an annual rate of up to [0.25]% of the average daily net assets of the Fund attributable to Class A Shares.
5
The Fund charges an administrative fee of [0.25]% on an annualized basis of the average daily net assets of the Fund attributable to both Class A and Class I Shares. See “Fund Expenses - Administration Fee.”
6
Other Expenses are estimated for the Fund’s current fiscal year. “Other Expenses” include, among other things, trustee fees, professional fees and other expenses that the Fund will bear.
7
Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are the indirect expenses of investing in other investment companies and 3(c)(1)/3(c)(7) Funds. Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are estimated for the Fund’s current fiscal year. Any fees that are based on the performance of 3(c)(1)/3(c)(7) Funds may fluctuate over time, and future Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses may be substantially higher or lower.

 

The purpose of the table above is to assist prospective investors in understanding the various fees and expenses Shareholders will bear directly or indirectly. For a more complete description of the various fees and expenses of the Fund, see “Management Fee,” “Shareholder Servicing Plan,” “Fund Expenses,” “Quarterly Repurchase Offers” and “Purchasing Shares.”

 

Example. The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The example assumes that all distributions are reinvested at net asset value and that the percentage amounts listed under Annual Expenses (excluding any sales charges) remain the same in the years shown. The assumption in the hypothetical example of a 5% annual return is required by regulation of the SEC applicable to all registered investment companies. The assumed 5% annual return is not a prediction of, and does not represent, the projected or actual performance of Shares. [To be updated by amendment]

 

You Would Pay the Following Expenses Based on a $1,000 Investment in the Fund, Assuming a 5% Annual Return:
  1 year 3 years 5 years 10 years
Class A Shares $[   ] $[   ] $[   ] $[   ]
Class I Shares $[   ] $[   ] $[   ] $[   ]

 

The example is based on the annual fees and expenses set out on the table above and should not be considered a representation of future expenses. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those shown. Moreover, the rate of return of the Fund may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return used in the example. A greater rate of return than that used in the example would increase the dollar amount of the asset-based fees paid by the Fund.

 

11

 

 

Financial Highlights

 

The Fund is newly organized and its shares have not been previously offered. Therefore, the Fund does not have any financial history. Additional information about the Fund’s investments will be available in the Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports, when available.

 

Use of Proceeds

 

The Fund will invest the proceeds of the continuous offering of common shares on an ongoing basis in accordance with its investment objective and policies as stated below. It is currently anticipated that the Fund will be able to invest all or substantially all of the net proceeds according to its investment objective and policies within approximately three months after receipt of the proceeds, depending on the amount and timing of proceeds available to the Fund as well as the availability of investments consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies, and except to the extent proceeds are held in cash to pay dividends or expenses, satisfy repurchase offers or for temporary defensive purposes.

 

Investment Objective and Strategies

 

Investment Objective. The Fund’s investment objective is to seek capital appreciation, and with a secondary objective of enhancing income.

 

The investment objective of the Fund is not a fundamental policy of the Fund and may be changed by the Board without the vote of a majority (as defined by the 1940 Act) of the Fund’s outstanding Shares. The Fund’s fundamental policies, which are listed in the SAI, may only be changed by the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.

 

Principal Investment Strategy. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its total assets (net assets plus the amount of any borrowings made for investment purposes) in public and private investments in the United States and globally in investments that provide exposure to the following real asset classes: (i) real estate, (ii) infrastructure, and (iii) natural capital, including but not limited to, agriculture, farmland, and timberland (collectively, “Real Asset Investments”).

 

The Fund obtains exposure to Real Asset Investments by allocating its assets to investments in third-party private funds (“Private Funds”) that themselves invest in real assets; publicly traded equity securities issued by real estate companies, including real estate investment trusts (“REITs”); and publicly traded equity securities of infrastructure companies.

 

Sub-Adviser 1 (“SA 1”) and Sub-Adviser 2 (“SA 2”) are unaffiliated investment managers (“Sub-Advisers”) who each provide day-to-day management for a portion of the Fund’s assets (each portion is sometimes referred to as a “sleeve”). Jackson National Asset Management, LLC (“JNAM” or “Adviser”) and each Sub-Adviser may use different investment techniques in managing a portion of the Fund’s assets.  Each Sub-Adviser acts independently from the other and uses its own methodology for selecting investments. The Adviser is responsible for identifying and retaining the Sub-Advisers for the sleeves and for monitoring the services provided by the Sub-Advisers. JNAM provides qualitative and quantitative supervision as part of its process for selecting and monitoring the Sub-Advisers. JNAM is also responsible for determining the amount of Fund assets to allocate to each Sub-Adviser. Based on JNAM’s ongoing evaluation of the Sub-Advisers, JNAM may adjust allocations between Sub-Advisers.
Under normal circumstances, the majority of the Fund’s assets are expected to be invested in Private Funds selected by JNAM, with the balance of the Fund’s assets primarily allocated to public Real Asset Investments selected by Sub-Advisers and to cash and cash equivalents

 

Below are the principal investment strategies for each sleeve.

 

JNAM Private Real Assets Sleeve (“JNAM Sleeve”)

 

JNAM constructs the JNAM Sleeve by conducting research on a diversified mix of private real asset markets and then selecting each investment after conducting due diligence and assessing each Private Fund’s performance, repeatability, operations, oversight, and fit. The JNAM Sleeve will gain exposure to Real Asset Investments through investments in continuously offered Private Funds that themselves invest in real assets.

The JNAM Sleeve seeks to invest in Private Funds that:

Invest across a range of property sectors, including traditional private real estate sectors (office, residential, industrial, and retail) and sectors such as student housing, seniors housing, life sciences, and medical offices. By region, the investments in Private Funds principally target assets in the United States.
Invest in infrastructure, which have a varied approach by asset type while targeting both middle-market and larger-ticket private infrastructure management teams to capture distinct opportunities available in each category. The exposure to private infrastructure will include, but will not be limited to, utilities, transportation, digital, and logistics assets. These investments will generally exhibit a more global construct given the opportunity set and evolution of the sector.
Invest in private real estate and infrastructure debt. The debt-oriented Private Funds operate and provide financing to the same market segments as the equity-focused Private Fund exposures. The JNAM Sleeve will target predominantly senior debt Private Fund investments across the core, core-plus, and value-add sectors of both real estate and infrastructure.
The investments targeting natural capital sectors of the market will provide exposure to a mix of investments centered around farmland (i.e., row crops, horticulture, viticulture, and livestock) and timberland. 

The Private Funds invest in the equity and debt financings associated with the acquisition, development, and operations of real assets. The Private Funds include funds that have minimums to close and maximum capital raise limitations (“targeted capital raises”) and multi-year periods with limited or no liquidity (“investment lock up periods”). Although the Private Funds are not investment companies registered pursuant to the 1940 Act, some of the fund structures may be considered traditional pooled investment vehicles that would be investment companies but for Sections 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act  (“3(c)(1)/3(c)(7) Funds”). While others are entities that qualify as REITs that would otherwise qualify for an exemption from registration under the 1940 Act pursuant to Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the 1940 Act, or that would not be investment companies under the 1940 Act for reasons other than the exemptions provided for in Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act (collectively, “Other Private Funds”). The Fund intends to invest no more than 10% of the Fund’s assets at the time of investment in 3(c)(1)/3(c)(7) Funds (excluding for the avoidance of doubt, any Private Fund that would qualify as an Other Private Fund). Additionally, the Fund will not invest in Private Funds that hold themselves out as “hedge funds.”

The Fund will bear the costs of investing in Private Funds, which typically include the Private Fund’s management fees and incentive fees based on performance.  The fees charged by a Private Fund are unique to its particular investment strategy.

 

12

 

 

SA 1 Real Estate Sleeve (“SA 1 Sleeve”)

 

SA 1 constructs the SA 1 Sleeve by implementing both its top-down and bottom-up investment analysis. As a starting point, the portfolio managers receive input from SA 1’s dedicated macro strategy team. This team is responsible for formalizing SA 1’s economic views. To inform a broader view of global economies, the macro team draws upon data from governments, central banks, independent data providers, and the research conducted by SA 1 real assets analysts in North America, Europe and Asia. After establishing a top-down view, SA 1 implements its investment strategy by adhering to a bottom-up, relative value investment process when selecting publicly traded real estate securities. To guide the portfolio construction process, SA 1 utilizes a proprietary valuation model that quantifies relative valuation of real estate securities based on price-to-NAV, cash flow multiple/growth ratios and a DDM. Analysts incorporate both quantitative and qualitative analysis in their NAV, cash flow, growth and DDM estimates. The company research process includes an evaluation of the commercial real estate supply and demand dynamics, management, strategy, property quality, financial strength and corporate structure. Judgments with respect to risk control, geographic and property sector diversification, liquidity and other factors are considered along with the models’ output and drive the portfolio managers’ investment decisions.

 

Real Estate Companies

 

A real estate company is one that:


derives at least 50% of its revenues from the ownership, construction, financing, management or sale of commercial, industrial or residential real estate and land; or

has at least 50% of its assets invested in such real estate.

 

Under normal market conditions, the SA 1 Sleeve will invest primarily in a portfolio of equity securities issued by real estate companies (including REITs and real estate operating companies).

 

The equity securities in which the SA 1 Sleeve invests can consist of:


common stocks;

rights or warrants to purchase common stocks;

securities convertible into common stocks where the conversion feature represents, in the SA 1’s view, a significant element of the securities’ value;

preferred stocks;

private investments in public equity (“PIPEs”); and

real estate private placements.

 

Real Estate Investment Trusts

 

REITs are companies that own interests in real estate or in real estate related loans or other interests, and their revenue primarily consists of rent derived from owned, income producing real estate properties and capital gains from the sale of such properties.  A REIT in the U.S. is generally not taxed on income distributed to shareholders so long as it meets certain tax related requirements, including the requirement that it distribute substantially all of its taxable income to such shareholders (other than net capital gains for each taxable year). As a result, U.S. REITs tend to pay relatively higher dividends than other types of companies. Dividends paid by U.S. REITs generally will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction, and are generally not considered “qualified dividend income” (“QDI”) eligible for reduced rates of taxation for U.S. federal income tax purposes but may be considered to be “qualified REIT dividends” eligible for a 20% deduction for non-corporate taxpayers. Between 2018 and 2025, “qualified REIT dividends” are treated as eligible for a 20% deduction by non-corporate taxpayers. Qualified REIT dividends are dividends received from REITs that are neither capital gain dividends nor are eligible for treatment as QDI, and with respect to which the REIT shareholder meets certain other requirements. The SA 1 Sleeve is permitted to pass through qualified REIT dividends to its shareholders, provided the shareholders meet certain holding period and other requirements with respect to their shares. See “Certain Tax Considerations” in this Prospectus and “Tax Considerations” in the SAI.

REITs can generally be classified as equity REITs or mortgage REITs. Equity REITs, which invest the majority of their assets directly in real property, derive their income primarily from rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs, which invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages, derive their income primarily from interest payments. The SA 1 Sleeve invests primarily in equity REITs.

 

13

 

 

Foreign (Non-U.S.) Securities and Depositary Receipts

 

The SA 1 Sleeve may invest up to 20% of its total assets in securities of non-U.S. real estate companies, including investments in such companies in the form of ADRs, GDRs and EDRs. Generally, ADRs in registered form are dollar-denominated securities designed for use in the U.S. securities markets, which represent and may be converted into an underlying foreign security. GDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use outside the United States. EDRs, in bearer form, are designed for use in the European securities markets. The SA 1 Sleeve may invest in foreign issuers in both developed and emerging markets.

 

Preferred Stocks

 

The SA 1 Sleeve may invest in preferred stocks. Preferred stocks are securities that pay dividends at a specified rate and have a preference over common stocks in the payment of dividends and the liquidation of assets. This means that a company must pay dividends on its preferred stock prior to paying dividends on its common stock. In addition, in the event a company is liquidated, preferred shareholders must be fully repaid on their investments before common shareholders can receive any money from the company. Preferred shareholders, however, usually have no right to vote for a company’s directors or on other corporate matters. Preferred stocks pay a fixed stream of income to investors, and this income stream is a primary source of the long-term investment return on preferred stocks. As a result, the market value of preferred stocks is generally more sensitive to changes in interest rates than the market value of common stocks. In this respect, preferred stocks share many investment characteristics with debt securities.

 

SA 2 Infrastructure Sleeve (“SA 2 Sleeve”)

 

SA 2 constructs the SA 2 Sleeve, by investing primarily in publicly traded equity securities of infrastructure companies. The SA 2 Sleeve will typically invest in U.S. and non-U.S. (foreign markets), which may include developing and emerging market countries.

 

Non-U.S. companies are defined as companies (i) that are organized under the laws of a foreign country; (ii) whose principal trading market is in a foreign country; or (iii) that have a majority of their assets, or that derive a significant portion of their revenue or profits from businesses, investments or sales, outside of the United States. Under normal market conditions, the SA 2 Sleeve invests at least 40% (unless market conditions are not deemed favorable by the SA 2, in which case the SA 2 Sleeve would invest at least 30%) in non-U.S. infrastructure companies.

 

An infrastructure company is one that exhibits the characteristics of high barriers to entry, strong pricing power, predictable cash flows and sustainable growth. The SA 2 Sleeve defines infrastructure assets, among other things, as the physical structures, networks and systems of transportation, energy, water, waste, and communication.  Given the evolving nature of the global listed infrastructure market, the SA 2 Sleeve may hold securities outside of the above sectors as long as they meet the Fund’s definition of an infrastructure company.

 

The SA 2 Sleeve seeks to invest in the securities of companies which have high barriers to entry, strong pricing power, sustainable growth and predictable cash flows.

 

The equity securities in which the SA 2 Sleeve may invest include, but are not limited to, common and preferred stock of companies of any size market capitalizations. The foreign securities in which the SA 2 Sleeve may invest include, but not limited to, depositary receipts, such as ADRs, EDRs and GDRs. The SA 2 Sleeve may also invest in IPOs of infrastructure companies.

 

The SA 2 Sleeve may invest without limit in stapled securities to gain exposure to infrastructure companies in [    ]. A stapled security, is a security that is comprised of two parts – a trust and a share of a company – that cannot be separated from one another, and must be treated as one unit at all times (such as when buying or selling a security). The value of stapled securities and the income derived from them may fall as well as rise. Stapled securities are not obligations of, deposits in, or guaranteed by, the Fund. The listing of stapled securities on a domestic or foreign exchange does not guarantee a liquid market for stapled securities.

 

The SA 2 Sleeve may invest in REITs and in limited partnerships and master limited partnerships (“MLPs”) listed on a domestic or foreign exchange that meet the Fund’s definition of an infrastructure company.

 

The SA 2 Sleeve may invest in Rule 144A and Regulation S securities. Rule 144A securities are securities offered as exempt from registration with the SEC but are typically treated as liquid securities because there is a market for such securities. Regulation S securities are securities of U.S. and non-U.S. issuers that are issued through private offerings without registration with the SEC pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

The SA 2 Sleeve’s investment strategy is based on active, bottom-up stock selection which seeks to identify mispricing. The strategy seeks to minimize risk through on-the-ground research, a focus on quality, and sensible portfolio construction. SA 2 integrates a rigorous stock selection process with strict portfolio management risk controls. Securities within the SA 2 Sleeve’s wider investment universe are screened for infrastructure characteristics, thoroughly analyzed, and then ranked by value and quality. This provides an indication of the portfolio holdings, as derived from a purely bottom-up basis. The SA 2 Sleeve is then constructed, based primarily on these rankings. Regional and sector risks are also monitored as a risk management overlay. This aims to ensure appropriate portfolio diversification along both country and sector lines.

 

14

 

 

SA 2’s sell discipline is driven by a security moving to a lower position within their value and quality ranking system. This can occur through:

 


A rise in a company’s share price, leading to decreased upside potential and a lower value ranking.

A downgrade in a company’s discounted cash flow valuation, leading to lower value ranking.

A downgrade of a company’s quality score, leading to a lower quality ranking.

 

The Fund may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies by making short-term investments in cash, cash equivalents, high-quality, short-term debt securities and money market instruments for temporary defensive purposes in response to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. This may result in the Fund not achieving its investment objective during that period.

 

Except as otherwise stated, all percentage restrictions referenced in this Prospectus or the SAI are measured at the time of investment. If a percentage restriction is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, a later increase or decrease in such percentage resulting from market movements will not be considered a violation of the restriction.

 

Investment Policies

 

Portfolio Planning. The Adviser and the Sub-Advisers manage the Fund’s portfolio with a view toward maintaining sufficient liquidity to comply with the requirements of Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act. Accordingly, the Adviser and Sub-Advisers may make investments and commitments based, in part, on anticipated future distributions from investments. The Adviser and Sub-Advisers also take other anticipated cash flows into account, such as those relating to new subscriptions, the tender of Shares by Shareholders and any distributions made to Shareholders. To forecast portfolio cash flows, the Adviser and Sub-Advisers utilize quantitative and qualitative factors, actual portfolio observations and qualitative forecasts by the Adviser's and Sub-Advisers' investment professionals. 


The Adviser and Sub-Advisers intend to use a range of techniques to reduce the risk associated with the Fund’s investment strategy. Such techniques may include, without limitation:

 


Allocating investments and commitments across industry and/or sector, geography, size, liquidity profile and credit quality (i.e., the year in which a Private Fund begins investing); and

 


Actively managing cash and liquid assets.

 

The Fund expects to hold liquid assets to the extent required for purposes of liquidity management and compliance with the requirements of Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act. Over time, during normal market conditions, it is generally not expected that the Fund will hold more than 15% of its net assets in cash or cash equivalents for extended periods of time. To enhance the Fund’s liquidity, particularly in times of possible net outflows through the tender of Shares by Shareholders, the Adviser and Sub-Advisers may sell certain of the Fund’s assets on the Fund’s behalf.

 

The Fund will limit its investments in certain private funds that are excluded from the definition of “investment company” under the 1940 Act solely by Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act (“Private Funds”) to no more than 10% of the Fund’s net assets at the time of investment. However, the Fund will also invest in Section 3(c)(5) funds, funds that are excluded from the definition of an investment company under Section 3(a) up to 70% of the Fund’s net assets at the time of investment. The balance of the Fund’s investments will be invested in public Real Asset Investments managed by Sub-Advisers and in cash and cash equivalents. Please see “General Risks—Private Funds Risk” for additional information on the risks of the Fund’s investment in Private Funds. 

 

There can be no assurance that the objectives of the Fund with respect to liquidity management will be achieved or that the Fund’s portfolio design and risk management strategies will be successful. Prospective investors should refer to the discussion of the risks associated with the investment strategy and structure of the Fund found under “General Risks,” “Investment-Related Risks,” and “Limits of Risk Disclosure.”

 

Borrowing by the Fund. The Fund may borrow money to pay operating expenses, including, without limitation, investment management fees of Private Funds, or to purchase portfolio securities, to fund repurchase of Shares or for other portfolio management purposes. Such borrowing may be accomplished through credit facilities or derivative instruments or by other means. The use of borrowings for investment purposes involves a high degree of risk. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to borrow for any purposes if, immediately after such borrowing, the Fund would have asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) of less than 300% with respect to indebtedness. The 1940 Act also provides that the Fund may not declare distributions or purchase its Shares (including through repurchase offers) if, immediately after doing so, it will have an asset coverage of less than 300%. The foregoing requirements generally do not apply to Private Funds in which the Fund invests unless such Private Funds are registered under the 1940 Act. The Board may modify the borrowing policies of the Fund, including the purposes for which borrowings may be made, and the length of time that the Fund may hold portfolio securities purchased with borrowed money. The rights of any lenders to the Fund to receive payments of interest or repayments of principal will be senior to those of the Shareholders and the terms of any borrowings may contain provisions that limit certain activities of the Fund.

 

15

 

 

Temporary and Defensive Strategies. The Fund may, from time to time in its sole discretion, take temporary or defensive positions in cash, cash equivalents, other short-term securities or money market funds to attempt to reduce volatility caused by adverse market, economic, or other conditions. Any such temporary or defensive positions could prevent the Fund from achieving its investment objective. In addition, subject to applicable law, the Fund may, in the Adviser’s sole discretion, hold cash, cash equivalents, other short-term securities or investments in money market funds pending investment in order to fund anticipated repurchases, expenses of the Fund or other operational needs, or otherwise in the sole discretion of the Adviser. See “Use of Proceeds.”

 

Except as otherwise indicated, the Fund may change its investment objective and any of its investment policies, restrictions, strategies, and techniques without Shareholder approval. The investment objective of the Fund is not a fundamental policy of the Fund and may be changed by the Board without the vote of a majority (as defined by the 1940 Act) of the Fund’s outstanding Shares. The Fund will notify Shareholders of any changes to its investment objective or any of its investment policies, restrictions or strategies. Fundamental policies contained in the SAI may not be changed without Shareholder approval. See “Investment Policies and Practices - Fundamental Policies” in the SAI for more information about the Fund’s fundamental policies.

 

Principal Risks

 

The following are certain risk factors that relate to the operations and terms of the Fund. These considerations, which do not purport to be a complete description of any of the particular risks referred to or a complete list of all risks involved in an investment in the Fund, should be carefully evaluated before determining whether to invest in the Fund.

 

The Shares are speculative and illiquid securities involving substantial risk of loss. An investment in the Fund is appropriate only for those investors who do not require a liquid investment, for whom an investment in the Fund does not constitute a complete investment program, and who fully understand and are capable of assuming the risks of an investment in the Fund.

 

Limited Operating History Risk. The Fund is newly formed and has no operating history upon which prospective investors may evaluate the Fund's past performance and potential future returns. The Fund is subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any business with a limited operating history, including the risk that the Fund will not achieve its investment objective and that the value of Shares could decline.

 

Unlisted Closed-End Structure; Liquidity Limited to Quarterly Repurchases of Shares. The Fund has been organized as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company and designed primarily for long-term investors. An investor should not invest in the Fund if the investor needs a liquid investment. Closed-end funds differ from open-end management investment companies (commonly known as mutual funds) in that investors in a closed-end fund do not have the right to redeem their shares on a daily basis. Unlike most closed-end funds, which typically list their shares on a securities exchange, the Fund does not intend to list the Shares for trading on any securities exchange, and the Fund does not expect any secondary market to develop for the Shares. The Fund will offer only a limited degree of liquidity by conducting quarterly repurchase offers, which are generally expected to be for 5% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares. There is no assurance that the Fund will repurchase your Shares in the amount that you desire. In addition, with very limited exceptions, Shares are not transferable, and liquidity will be provided only through repurchase offers made quarterly by the Fund. Shares are considerably less liquid than shares of funds that trade on a stock exchange or shares of open-end registered investment companies, and are therefore suitable only for investors who can bear the risks associated with the limited liquidity of Shares, and should be viewed as a long-term investment.

 

There will be a substantial period of time between the date as of which Shareholders must submit a request to have their Shares repurchased and the date they can expect to receive payment for their Shares from the Fund. Shareholders whose Shares are accepted for repurchase bear the risk that the Fund’s net asset value may fluctuate significantly between the time that they submit their repurchase requests and the date as of which such Shares are valued for purposes of such repurchase. Shareholders will have to decide whether to request that the Fund repurchase their Shares without the benefit of having future information regarding the value of Shares on the date on which Shares are valued by the Fund for purposes of effecting such repurchases.

 

Repurchases of Shares may be suspended, postponed or terminated by the Board under certain limited circumstances. See “Quarterly Repurchase Offers.” An investment in the Fund is suitable only for investors who can bear the risks associated with the limited liquidity of Shares. Also, because Shares are not listed on any securities exchange, the Fund is not required, and does not intend, to hold annual meetings of its Shareholders unless called for under the provisions of the 1940 Act.

 

Repurchase Offers Risk. As described under “Quarterly Repurchase Offers” below, the Fund is an “interval fund” and, in order to provide liquidity to Shareholders, the Fund, subject to applicable law, will conduct quarterly repurchase offers of the Fund’s outstanding Shares at the applicable NAV per Share, subject to approval of the Board. In all cases such repurchases will be for at least 5% and not more than 25% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares at the applicable NAV per Share, pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act. The Fund currently expects to conduct quarterly repurchase offers for no less than 5% of its outstanding Shares under ordinary circumstances. The Fund believes that these repurchase offers are generally beneficial to Shareholders, and repurchases generally will be funded from available cash or sales of portfolio securities. However, repurchase offers and the need to fund repurchase obligations may affect the ability of the Fund to be fully invested or force the Fund to maintain a higher percentage of its assets in liquid investments, which may harm the Fund’s investment performance. Moreover, diminution in the size of the Fund through repurchases may result in untimely sales of portfolio securities (with associated imputed transaction costs, which may be significant), and may limit the ability of the Fund to participate in new investment opportunities or to achieve its investment objective. The Fund may accumulate cash by holding back (i.e., not reinvesting) payments received in connection with the Fund’s investments. The Fund believes that payments received in connection with the Fund’s investments will generate sufficient cash to meet the maximum potential amount of the Fund’s repurchase obligations. If at any time cash and other liquid assets held by the Fund are not sufficient to meet the Fund’s repurchase obligations, the Fund intends, if necessary, to sell investments. In addition, if the Fund borrows to finance repurchases, interest on that borrowing will negatively affect Shareholders who do not tender their Shares by increasing the Fund’s expenses and reducing any net investment income.

 

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If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed, the Board may determine to increase the amount repurchased by up to 2% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares as of the date of the Repurchase Request Deadline. In the event that the Board determines not to repurchase more than the repurchase offer amount, or if Shareholders tender more than the repurchase offer amount plus 2% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares as of the date of the Repurchase Request Deadline, the Fund will repurchase the Shares tendered on a pro rata basis, and Shareholders will have to wait until the next repurchase offer to make another repurchase request. As a result, Shareholders may be unable to liquidate all or a given percentage of their investment in the Fund during a particular repurchase offer. Some Shareholders, in anticipation of proration, may tender more Shares than they wish to have repurchased in a particular quarter, thereby increasing the likelihood that proration will occur. A Shareholder may be subject to market and other risks, and the NAV per Share of Shares tendered in a repurchase offer may decline between the Repurchase Request Deadline and the date on which the NAV per Share for tendered Shares is determined. In addition, the repurchase of Shares by the Fund may be a taxable event to Shareholders.

 

Unspecified Investments; Dependence on the Sub-Adviser. Each Sub-Adviser has complete discretion to select investments as opportunities arise within its respective portion of the Fund’s portfolio, or sleeve. The Fund and, accordingly, Shareholders, must rely upon the ability of each Sub-Adviser to identify and implement fund investments consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. Shareholders will not receive or otherwise be privy to due diligence or risk information prepared by or for each Sub-Adviser in respect of fund investments. The Sub-Adviser has the authority and responsibility for asset allocation, the selection of fund investments and all other investment decisions for its respective sleeve. The success of the Fund depends upon the ability of each Sub-Adviser to develop and implement investment strategies that achieve the investment objective of the Fund. Shareholders will have no right or power to participate in the management or control of the Fund or fund investments, or the terms of any such investments. There can be no assurance that a Sub-Adviser will be able to select or implement successful strategies or achieve their respective investment objective.

Real Estate Investment Risk. Real estate is affected by general economic conditions and legal, cultural or technological developments. The securities of smaller real estate-related issuers can be more volatile and less liquid than securities of larger issuers and their issuers can have more limited financial resources.

 

REIT Investment Risk. The risks of investing in REITs include certain risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate and the real estate industry in general. These include risks related to general, regional and local economic conditions; difficulties in valuing and disposing of real estate; fluctuations in interest rates and property tax rates; shifts in zoning laws; environmental regulations and other governmental action; cash flow dependency; increased operating expenses; lack of availability of mortgage funds; losses due to natural disasters; overbuilding; losses due to casualty or condemnation; changes in property values and rental rates; the management skill and creditworthiness of the REIT manager; and other factors. REITs may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in limited volume, may engage in dilutive offerings of securities and may be more volatile than other securities. REIT issuers may also fail to maintain their exemptions from investment company registration or fail to qualify for the “dividends paid deduction” under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which allows REITs to reduce their corporate taxable income for dividends paid to their shareholders.


Infrastructure Companies Risk. Securities and instruments of infrastructure companies are more susceptible to adverse economic or regulatory occurrences affecting their industries. Infrastructure companies may be subject to a variety of factors that may adversely affect their business or operations, including high interest costs in connection with capital construction programs, high leverage, costs associated with environmental and other regulations, the effects of economic slowdown, surplus capacity, increased competition from other providers of services, uncertainties concerning the availability of fuel at reasonable prices, the effects of energy conservation policies and other factors. Infrastructure companies may also be affected by or subject to: regulation by various government authorities; government regulation of rates charged to customers; service interruption due to environmental, operational or other mishaps; the imposition of special tariffs and changes in tax laws, regulatory policies and accounting standards; and general changes in market sentiment toward infrastructure and utilities assets. Other factors that may affect the operations of infrastructure-related companies include innovations in technology, significant changes to the number of ultimate end-users of a company’s products, increased susceptibility to terrorist acts or political actions, risks of environmental damage due, and general changes in market sentiment toward infrastructure and utilities assets.

Private Funds Risk. The Private Funds will not be subject to the 1940 Act, nor will they be publicly traded. As a result, the Fund’s investments in the Private Funds will not be subject to the protections afforded to shareholders under the 1940 Act. These protections include, among others, certain corporate governance standards, such as the requirement of having a certain percentage of the directors serving on a board as independent directors, statutory protections against self-dealing by the Private Fund managers, and leverage limitations. By investing in the Private Funds indirectly through the Fund, a shareholder bears two layers of asset-based fees and expenses – at the Fund level and the Private Fund level – in addition to indirectly bearing any performance fees charged by the Private Fund.

 

Further, the Private Funds are not subject to the same investment limitations as the Fund and may have different and contrary investment limitations and other policies. Unlike registered investment companies, the Private Funds currently are not obligated by regulations or law to disclose publicly the contents of their portfolios. As such, the Fund has limited visibility into the underlying investments of the Private Funds and is dependent on information provided by the private fund managers. This lack of transparency may make it difficult for the Adviser to monitor the sources of the Fund’s income and the allocation of its assets, and otherwise comply with regulations applicable to the Fund, may result in style drift, and ultimately may limit the universe of Private Funds in which the Fund can invest.

 

Investment in Private Funds carries the risk of loss due to Private Funds’ fraud, intentional or inadvertent deviations from a predefined investment strategy (including excessive concentration, directional investing outside of predefined ranges, excessive leverage or new capital markets), or poor judgment. During the lifetime of the Fund, there could be material changes in one or more Private Funds, including changes in control and mergers. The effect of such changes on a Private Fund cannot be predicted but could be material and adverse. Given the limited liquidity of the Private Funds, the Fund may not be able to alter its portfolio allocation in sufficient time to respond to any such changes, resulting in substantial losses from risks of Private Funds.

 

In order to meet its obligation to provide capital for unfunded commitments, the Fund may be required to hold some, or in certain cases a substantial amount, of its assets temporarily in money market securities, cash or cash equivalents, possibly for several months; liquidate portfolio securities at an inopportune time; or borrow under a line of credit. This could make it difficult or impossible to take or liquidate a position in a particular security at a price consistent with the Adviser and Sub-Advisers’ strategy.

 

Investor Suitability. An investment in the Fund involves a considerable amount of risk. It is possible that you will lose money. An investment in the Fund is suitable only for investors who can bear the risks associated with the limited liquidity of the Shares and should be viewed as a long-term investment. Before making your investment decision, you should (i) consider the suitability of this investment with respect to your investment goals and personal financial situation, and (ii) consider factors such as your personal net worth, income, age, risk tolerance and liquidity needs. An investment in the Fund should not be viewed as a complete investment program.

 

Market Risk. The market price of securities owned by the Fund may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Over time, the stock market tends to move in cycles, with periods when stock prices rise, and periods when stock prices decline. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund. Consequently, a broad-based market drop may also cause a stock’s price to fall.

 

Bond market risk generally refers to credit risk and interest rate risk. Credit risk is the actual or perceived risk that the issuer of the bond will not pay the interest and principal payments when due. Bond value typically declines if the issuer’s credit quality deteriorates. Interest rate risk is the risk that interest rates will rise and the value of bonds will fall. A broad-based market drop may also cause a bond’s price to fall.

 

Portfolio securities may also decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally, such as real or perceived adverse economic, political or regulatory conditions, inflation, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment, public health issues, including widespread disease and virus epidemics or pandemics, war, terrorism or natural disasters, or due to factors affecting particular industries represented in the securities markets, such as competitive conditions. Changes in the financial condition of a single issuer can impact a market as a whole, and adverse market conditions may be prolonged and may not have the same impact on all types of securities. In addition, the markets may not favor a particular kind of security, including equity securities or bonds. The values of securities may fall due to factors affecting a particular issuer, industry or the securities market as a whole.

 

Stock Risk. Stock markets may experience significant short-term volatility and may fall sharply at times. Different stock markets may behave differently from each other and U.S. stock markets may move in the opposite direction from one or more foreign stock markets. The prices of individual stocks generally do not all move in the same direction at the same time and a variety of factors can affect the price of a particular company’s stock.

 

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Volatility Risk. The Fund may have investments that appreciate or depreciate significantly in value over short periods of time. This may cause the Fund’s net asset value per share to experience significant appreciations or depreciations in value over short periods of time.

 

Temporary Defensive Positions and Large Cash Positions Risk. In anticipation of, or in response to, adverse market or other conditions, or atypical circumstances such as unusually large cash inflows and/or Fund rebalances, the Fund (or a sleeve of the Fund) may temporarily hold all or a significant portion, without limitation, of its assets in cash, cash equivalents, affiliated and unaffiliated money market funds, or high-quality debt instruments. During periods in which the Fund (or a sleeve, as applicable) employs such a temporary defensive strategy or holds large cash positions, it will not be pursuing, and will not achieve, its investment objective. Taking a defensive or large cash position may reduce the potential for appreciation of the portfolio and may affect performance.

 

Tax Risk; Failure to Qualify as a RIC or Satisfy Distribution Requirement. To qualify for and maintain RIC qualification under the Code, the Fund must meet the following annual distribution, source-of-income and asset diversification requirements. See “Certain Tax Considerations.”

 


The annual distribution requirement for a RIC will be satisfied if the Fund distributes to Shareholders on an annual basis at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code) and any net tax-exempt interest income for such year. Because the Fund may borrow, it is subject to an asset coverage ratio requirement under the 1940 Act and may in the future become subject to certain financial covenants under loan and credit agreements that could, under certain circumstances, restrict the Fund from making distributions necessary to satisfy the distribution requirement. If the Fund is unable to obtain cash from other sources, it could fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment and thus become subject to corporate-level income tax.

 


The source-of-income requirement will be satisfied if the Fund obtains at least 90% of its income for each year from dividends, interest, gains from the sale of stock or securities or similar passive sources.

 


The asset diversification requirement will be satisfied if the Fund meets certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s tax year. To satisfy this requirement,

 


o at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s assets must consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities if such other securities of any one issuer do not represent more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets or more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and

 


o no more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s assets can be invested in the securities, other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other RICs, of one issuer, of two or more issuers that are controlled, as determined under the Code and its applicable regulations, by the Fund and that are engaged in the same or similar or related trades or businesses or of certain “qualified publicly traded partnerships.” Failure to meet these requirements may result in the Fund having to dispose of certain investments quickly in order to prevent the loss of its qualification as a RIC. Because most of the Fund’s investments will be in private companies, and therefore will be relatively illiquid, any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices and could result in substantial losses.

 

If the Fund fails to qualify for or maintain RIC tax treatment for any reason and is subject to corporate income tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce the Fund’s net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of the Fund’s distributions.

 

Operational Risk. An investment in the Fund, like any fund, can involve operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors, human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel and errors caused by third-party service providers. The occurrence of any of these failures, errors or breaches could result in a loss of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage or other events, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund. While the Fund seeks to minimize such events through controls and oversight, there may still be failures that could cause losses to the Fund.

 

Non-Diversification Risk. The Fund is non-diversified. As such, the Fund may invest in a limited number of issuers. Under a definition provided by the 1940 Act, non-diversified funds may invest in fewer securities, or in larger proportions of the securities of single companies or industries. If these securities were to decline in value, there could be a substantial loss of the investment. In addition, because of the investment strategies, the Fund may hold a smaller number of issuers than if it were “diversified.” There is increased risk in investing in a smaller number of different issuers than there is in investing in a larger number of issuers since changes in the financial condition or market status of a single issuer may cause greater fluctuation in a non-diversified portfolio with respect to total return and share price.

 

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Foreign Securities Risk. Investments in, or exposure to, foreign securities involve risks not typically associated with U.S. investments. These risks include, among others, adverse fluctuations in foreign currency values, possible imposition of foreign withholding or other taxes on income payable on the securities, as well as adverse political, social and economic developments, such as political upheaval, acts of terrorism, financial troubles, sanctions or the threat of new or modified sanctions, or natural disasters. Many foreign securities markets, especially those in emerging market countries, are less stable, smaller, less liquid, and less regulated than U.S. securities markets, and the costs of trading in those markets is often higher than in U.S. securities markets. There may also be less publicly available information about issuers of foreign securities compared to issuers of U.S. securities and foreign issuers may not be subject to the same accounting, auditing and financial recordkeeping standards and requirements as domestic issuers. In addition, the economies of certain foreign markets may not compare favorably with the economy of the United States with respect to issues such as growth of gross national product, reinvestment of capital, resources and balance of payments position. Such factors may adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions.

 

Investments in, or exposure to, foreign securities could be affected by restrictions on receiving the investment proceeds from a foreign country, confiscatory foreign tax laws, and potential difficulties in enforcing contractual obligations. Transactions may be subject to less efficient settlement practices, including extended clearance and settlement periods. Foreign accounting may be less revealing than U.S. accounting practices and regulation may be inadequate or irregular. Investments in, or exposure to, emerging market countries and/or their securities markets may present market, credit, currency, liquidity, legal, political, technical and other risks different from, or greater than, the risks of investing in developed countries. In addition, the risks associated with investing in a narrowly defined geographic area are generally more pronounced with respect to investments in, or exposure to, emerging market countries.

 

Emerging Markets and Less Developed Countries Risk. Emerging market and less developed countries generally are located in Asia, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Central and South America and Africa. Investments in, or exposure to, securities that are tied economically to emerging market and less developed countries are subject to all of the risks of investments in, or exposure to, foreign securities, generally to a greater extent than in developed markets, among other risks. Investments in securities that are tied economically to emerging markets involve greater risk from economic and political systems that typically are less developed, and likely to be less stable, than those in more advanced countries. The Fund also will be subject to the risk of adverse foreign currency rate fluctuations. Emerging market and less developed countries may also have economies that are predominantly based on only a few industries or dependent on revenues from particular commodities. There may be government policies that restrict investment by foreigners, greater government influence over the private sector, and a higher risk of a government taking private property in emerging and less developed countries. Moreover, economies of emerging market countries may be dependent upon international trade and may be adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. As a result of these risks, investments in securities tied economically to emerging markets tend to be more volatile than investments in securities of developed countries.

 

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Underdeveloped securities exchanges and low or nonexistent trading volume in securities of issuers may result in a lack of liquidity and in price volatility. The Fund may not be able to sell such securities in a timely manner, and may receive less than the currently available market price when selling such emerging market securities. Emerging market countries often have less uniformity in accounting and reporting requirements and less reliable clearance and settlement, registration and custodial procedures, which could result in ownership registration being completely lost. Issuers in emerging markets typically are subject to greater risk of adverse changes in earnings and business prospects than are companies in developed markets. Loss may also result from the imposition of exchange controls, confiscations and other government restrictions, including confiscatory taxes on investment proceeds and other restrictions on the ability of foreign investors to withdraw their money at will, or from problems in security registration or settlement and custody. Investments in, or exposure to, emerging market securities may be more susceptible to investor sentiment than investments in developed countries. As a result, emerging market securities may be adversely affected by negative perceptions about an emerging market country’s stability and prospects for continued growth. The Fund will also be subject to the risk of negative foreign currency rate fluctuations. Investments in, or exposure to, emerging market securities tend to be more volatile than investments in developed countries.

 

Frontier market countries are emerging market countries that are considered to have the smallest, least mature and least liquid securities markets. Frontier market countries generally have smaller economies and less developed capital markets than traditional emerging markets, and, as a result, the risks of investing in emerging market countries are magnified in frontier market countries. The economies of frontier market countries are less correlated to global economic cycles than those of their more developed counterparts and their markets have low trading volumes, low security market capitalizations, and the potential for extreme price volatility and illiquidity. This volatility may be further heightened by the actions of a few major investors. For example, a substantial increase or decrease in cash flows of mutual funds investing in these markets could significantly affect local stock prices and, therefore, the price of Fund shares. These factors make investing in frontier market countries significantly riskier than in other countries and any one of them could cause the price of the Fund’s shares to decline.

 

Investment in Other Investment Companies Risk. As with other investments, investments in other investment companies, including exchange-traded funds, are subject to market risk. In addition, if the Fund acquires shares of investment companies, including ones affiliated with the Fund, shareholders bear both their proportionate share of expenses in the Fund (including management and advisory fees) and, indirectly, the expenses of the investment companies in which the Fund invests. To the extent that shares of the Fund are held by an affiliated fund, the ability of the Fund itself to invest in other investment companies may be limited. Investments in real estate investment trusts or securities with similar characteristics that pool investor's capital to purchase or finance real estate investments involve certain unique risks, including concentration risk (by geography or property type) and interest rate risk (i.e., in a rising interest rate environment, the stock prices of real estate-related investments may decline, and the borrowing costs of these companies may increase).

 

Stapled Securities Risk. A stapled security is comprised of two different securities—a unit of a trust and a share of a company—that are “stapled” together and treated as a unit at all times, including for transfer or trading. The characteristics and value of a stapled security are influenced by both underlying securities. Stapled securities are not obligations of, deposits in, or guaranteed by, the Fund. The listing of stapled securities on a domestic or foreign exchange does not guarantee a liquid market for stapled securities.

 

Cybersecurity Risk. Cyber attacks could cause business failures or delays in daily processing and the Fund may need to delay transactions, consistent with regulatory requirements, as a result could impact the performance of the Fund. 


Currency Risk. Investments in foreign currencies, securities that trade in or receive revenues in foreign currencies or derivatives that provide exposure to foreign currencies are subject to the risk that those currencies may decline in value, or, in the case of hedging positions, that the currency may decline in value relative to the currency being hedged. Currency exchange rates can be volatile and may be affected by a number of factors, such as the general economics of a country, the actions (or inaction) of U.S. and foreign governments or central banks, the imposition of currency controls, and speculation. The Fund accrues additional expenses when engaging in currency exchange transactions, and valuation of the Fund’s foreign securities may be subject to greater risk because both the price of the currency (relative to the U.S. dollar) and the price of the security may fluctuate with market and economic conditions. A decline in the value of a foreign currency versus the U.S. dollar reduces the value in U.S. dollars of investments denominated in that foreign currency.

 


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Preferred Stock Risk. Preferred stock represents an equity interest in a company that generally entitles the holder to receive, in preference to the holders of other stocks such as common stocks, dividends and a fixed share of the proceeds resulting from a liquidation of the company. Some preferred stocks also entitle their holders to receive additional liquidation proceeds on the same basis as holders of a company’s common stock, and thus also represent an ownership interest in that company. Preferred stocks may pay fixed or adjustable rates of return. Preferred stock is subject to issuer-specific and market risks applicable generally to equity securities and is sensitive to changes in the issuer’s creditworthiness and to changes in interest rates, and may decline in value if interest rates rise. In addition, a company’s preferred stock generally pays dividends only after the company makes required payments to holders of its bonds and other debt. For this reason, the value of preferred stock will usually react more strongly than bonds and other debt to actual or perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects. Preferred stock of smaller companies may be more vulnerable to adverse developments than preferred stock of larger companies.

 

Risks of preferred stock also include (i) the ability of the issuer to defer or omit distributions for a stated period in its sole discretion, (ii) the potential for the security to lose value based on the credit worthiness of the issuer or its decision to defer distributions, (iii) the potential for the security to lose value in light of the increase in market interest rates (iv) the potential for the issuer to call (repay) the security or extend the term of the security, subject to the issue’s terms and issuer’s discretion, which may impact the value of the security in light of prevailing market interest rates at that time (iv) the risk that the preferred stock may have a less liquid market than government securities or other equity securities issued by the issuer, and (v) being subject to the decisions of voting shareholders of an issuer as preferred stock typically contain limited, or no, voting rights.

 

Managed Portfolio Risk. As an actively managed portfolio, the Fund's portfolio manger(s) make decisions to buy and sell holdings in the Fund's portfolio.  Because of this, the value of the Fund’s investments could decline because the financial condition of an issuer may change (due to such factors as management performance, reduced demand or overall market changes), financial markets may fluctuate or overall prices may decline, or the Fund’s manager’s investment techniques could fail to achieve the Fund’s investment objective, or may negatively affect the Fund’s investment performance, or legislative, regulatory, or tax developments may affect the investment techniques available to the manager of the Fund. There is no guarantee that the investment objective of the Fund will be achieved.

 

Equity Securities Risk. Common and preferred stocks represent equity ownership in a company. Stock markets are volatile, and equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed-income securities. The price of equity or equity-related securities will fluctuate and can decline and reduce the value of a portfolio investing in equity or equity-related securities. The value of equity or equity-related securities purchased or held by the Fund could decline if the financial condition of the companies the Fund invests in decline or if overall market and economic conditions deteriorate. They may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or an increase in production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. In addition, they may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a company or industry, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or generally adverse investor sentiment.

 

Company Risk. Investments in U.S. and foreign-traded equity securities may fluctuate more than the values of other types of securities in response to changes in a particular company’s financial condition. For example, poor earnings performance of a company may result in a decline of its stock price.

 

Concentration Risk. The Fund may concentrate its investments in certain securities. To the extent that the Fund focuses on particular countries, regions, industries, sectors, issuers, types of investment or limited number of securities from time to time, the Fund may be subject to greater risks of adverse economic, business or political developments in such areas of focus than a fund that invests in a wider variety of countries, regions, industries, sectors or investments.

 

Sector Risk. Companies with similar characteristics may be grouped together in broad categories called sectors. Sector risk is the risk that securities of companies within specific sectors of the economy can perform differently than the overall market. For example, this may be due to changes in the regulatory or competitive environment, or changes in investor perceptions regarding a sector. Because the Fund may allocate relatively more assets to certain sectors than others, the Fund’s performance may be more susceptible to any developments which affect those sectors emphasized by the Fund. In addition, the Fund could underperform other funds investing in similar sectors or comparable benchmarks because of the portfolio managers’ choice of securities within such sector.

 


 

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Master Limited Partnership Risk. An investment in master limited partnership (“MLP”) units involves some risks that differ from an investment in the common stock of a corporation. Holders of MLP units have limited control on matters affecting the partnership. Investing in MLPs involves certain risks related to investing in the underlying assets of the MLPs and risks associated with pooled investment vehicles. MLPs holding credit-related investments are subject to interest rate risk and the risk of default on payment obligations by debt issuers. MLPs that concentrate in a particular industry or a particular geographic region are subject to risks associated with such industry or region. The benefit derived from the Fund’s investment in MLPs is largely dependent on the MLPs being treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes. Certain MLPs may be illiquid securities.

 

Regulation S Securities Risk. Regulation S securities may be less liquid than publicly traded securities and may not be subject to the disclosure and other investor protection requirements that would be applicable if they were publicly traded. Accordingly, Regulation S securities may involve a high degree of business and financial risk and may result in substantial losses.

 

Rule 144A Securities Risk. Rule 144A securities are securities offered as exempt from registration with the SEC, but may be treated as liquid securities because there is a market for such securities. Rule 144A securities may have an active trading market, but carry the risk that the active trading market may not continue. To the extent that institutional buyers become, for a time, uninterested in purchasing Rule 144A securities, investing in such securities could increase the Fund’s level of illiquidity.

 

Investments in IPOs Risk. The Fund may purchase shares issued as part of, or a short period after, companies’ initial public offerings (“IPOs”), and may at times dispose of those shares shortly after their acquisition. The Fund’s purchase of shares issued in IPOs exposes it to the risks associated with companies that have little operating history as public companies, as well as to the risks inherent in those sectors of the market where these new issuers operate. The market for IPO issuers has been volatile, and share prices of newly public companies have fluctuated in significant amounts over short periods of time. The purchase of shares issued in IPOs may have a greater impact upon the Fund’s total returns during any period that the Fund has a small asset base. As the Fund’s assets grow, any impact of IPO investments on the Fund’s total return may decline.

 

Mid-Capitalization Investing Risk. The stocks of mid-capitalization companies can be more volatile and their shares less liquid than those of larger companies. Mid-capitalization companies may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources or may depend on the expertise of a few people and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than securities of larger, more established companies or the market averages in general. Securities of such issuers may lack sufficient market liquidity to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price.

 

Mid-Capitalization and Small-Capitalization Investing Risk. The securities of mid-capitalization and small-capitalization companies involve greater risks than those associated with larger, more established companies and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements. Securities of such issuers may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable a Fund to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price. Both mid-capitalization and small-capitalization companies often have narrower markets and more limited managerial and financial resources than larger, more established companies. As a result, their performance can be more volatile and they face greater risk of business failure, which could increase the volatility of a Fund’s portfolio. Securities of such issuers may lack sufficient market liquidity to conduct transactions at an advantageous time, or without a substantial drop in price. Generally, the smaller the company size, the greater these risks become.

 

Small-Capitalization Investing Risk – Investing in smaller companies, some of which may be newer companies or start-ups, generally involves greater risks than investing in larger, more established ones. The securities of companies with smaller market capitalizations often are less widely held and trade less frequently and in lesser quantities, and their market prices often fluctuate more, than the securities of companies with larger market capitalizations. In addition, such securities may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements. Securities of such issuers may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable the Fund to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price. Small-capitalization companies often have limited product lines, narrower markets and more limited managerial and financial resources, or may depend on the expertise of a few people, than larger, more established companies. As a result, their performance can be more volatile and they face greater risk of business failure, which could increase the volatility of the Fund’s portfolio. Generally, the smaller the company size, the greater these risks become.

 

Accounting Risk. The Fund makes investment decisions, in part, on information drawn from the financial statements of issuers. Financial statements may not be accurate, may reflect differing approaches with respect to auditing and reporting standards and may affect the ability of the Fund’s investment manager to identify appropriate investment opportunities.

 

Agriculture/Farmland-Related Companies Risk. An investment in the Fund is subject to certain risks associated with investments in and related to agriculture and farmland. These investments are subject to various risks, including adverse changes in national or international economic conditions, adverse local market conditions, adverse natural conditions such as storms, floods, drought, windstorms, hail, temperature extremes, frosts, soil erosion, infestations and blights, failure of irrigation or other mechanical systems used to cultivate the land, financial conditions of tenants, marketability of any particular kind of crop that may be influenced, among other things, by changing consumer tastes and preferences, import and export restrictions or tariffs, casualty or condemnation losses, government subsidy or production programs, buyers and sellers of properties, availability of excess supply of property relative to demand, changes in availability of debt financing, changes in interest rates, real estate tax rates and other operating expenses, environmental laws and regulations, governmental regulation of and risks associated with the use of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals used in commercial agriculture, zoning laws and other governmental rules and fiscal policies, energy prices, changes in the relative popularity of properties, risk due to dependence on cash flow, as well as acts of God, uninsurable losses and other factors which are beyond the control of the Fund or the Private Funds.
 

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Generally, investments in agriculture and farmland are illiquid in nature. The ability of the Fund to vary its agriculture and farmland investments in response to changes in economic and other conditions will be limited. The Fund may be unable to realize its investment objective through sale or disposition of a property at an attractive price or within any given period of time or may otherwise be unable to complete any exit strategy.

 

In connection with its direct or indirect ownership, management and, development of agriculture or farmland property, the Fund could be considered an owner or operator of the property and may be liable for certain environmental liabilities, including removal or remediation costs, as well as certain other potential costs relating to such hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products. In particular, investors should be aware that commercial agriculture operators typically utilize fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals, and that the Fund will invest in properties where such materials have been used and lease such properties to operators who will use such materials.

 

Timberland-Related Companies Risk. Investments in timberland and timber-related assets are dependent on prevailing market prices for wood products, which can fluctuate over time. Such prices are affected by changes in supply and demand, especially within a particular geographic area. Demand for wood products is affected by various factors in the world economy, such as regional growth rates, construction activity, changes in currency exchange rates and capital spending. Adverse conditions in the larger economy may result in lower investment in any or all of the markets related to the Fund's timber investments. Decreases in demand, increases in supply, or both, may reduce timber prices, which in turn may reduce the Fund’s revenues on timber-related investments.

 

Changes in foreign or United States trade policies, including but not limited to tariffs or trading agreements with other countries affecting the cost of imported lumber, could negatively affect the market for the timber. Long-term oversupply sourced from any foreign timber suppliers could negatively affect the value of the timberland investments of the Fund upon their disposition.

 

Timberland operations are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations, including those relating to the environment, endangered species, forestry activities, and health and safety. The laws and regulations intended to protect threatened and endangered species, and other environmental laws and regulations, are stringent and could become more so in the future. Timber operations are also subject to specialized statutes and regulations governing forestry operations, and to other environmental laws, some of which may in the future restrict harvesting, road building and other activities. Natural causes such as fire, insect infestation, bad weather, and global climate shifts may have an impact on the timing of harvests, or reduce the volume and value of timber harvested. This in turn may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s timber investments. Extreme drought conditions could reduce the survival rate of trees planted within a year of the drought conditions. Ice storms and hurricanes could necessitate the early or unplanned harvesting of affected trees. Prolonged periods of adverse weather could negatively affect the quality of the timber produced, negatively affecting the value of both the harvest and the residual value of timberland.

 

The Fund’s ability to promptly sell timber-related investments in its portfolio in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions is limited, which could impede the Fund’s ability to respond to market opportunities and result in lower distributions than would be available if the Fund and were able to quickly respond to such market opportunities.

 

Utilities Sector Risk. Utility company securities are particularly sensitive to interest rate movements; when interest rates rise, the stock prices of these companies tend to fall. The continually changing regulatory environment, at both the state and federal level, has led to greater competition in the industry and the emergence of non-regulated providers as a significant part of the industry, which may make some companies less profitable. Companies in the utilities industry may: (i) be subject to risks associated with the difficulty of obtaining adequate returns on invested capital in spite of frequent rate increases and of financing large construction programs during periods of inflation; (ii) face restrictions on operations and increased costs due to environmental and safety regulations, including increased fuel costs; (iii) find that existing plants and equipment or products have been rendered obsolete by technical innovations; (iv) confront challenging environmental conditions, including natural or man-made disasters; (v) tackle difficulties of the capital markets in absorbing utility debt and equity securities; (vi) incur risks associated with the operation of nuclear power plants; and (vii) face the effects of energy conservation and other factors affecting the level of demand for services. Government regulators monitor and control utility revenues and costs, and therefore may limit utility profits. The deregulation of certain utility companies may eliminate restrictions on profits, but may also subject these companies to greater risks of loss. Adverse regulatory changes could prevent or delay utilities from passing along cost increases to customers, which could hinder a utility’s ability to meet its obligations to its suppliers. Furthermore, regulatory authorities, which may be subject to political and other pressures, may not grant future rate increases, or may impose accounting or operational policies, any of which could affect a company's profitability and the value of its securities. In addition, federal, state and municipal governmental authorities may review existing construction projects, and impose additional, regulations governing the licensing, construction and operation of power plants. Any of these factors could result in a material adverse impact on the Fund’s holdings and the performance of the Fund and, to the extent a Fund is concentrated in the utilities sector, any potential material adverse impact may be magnified.

 


 

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European Investment Risk. Investing in Europe involves many of the same risks as investing in foreign securities generally. In addition, investing in Europe poses some unique risks. Europe includes both developed and emerging markets and investments by the Fund will be subject to the risks associated with investments in such markets. Most developed countries in Western Europe are members of the European Union (“EU”) and many are also members of the European Economic and Monetary Union (“EMU”). The EU is an economic and political union of most western European countries and a growing number of eastern European countries. One of the key mandates of the EU is the establishment and administration of a common single market, consisting of, among other things, a single currency and a common trade policy. In order to pursue this goal, member states established the EMU, which sets out different stages and commitments that member states need to follow to achieve greater economic and monetary policy coordination, including the adoption of a single currency, the euro. Many member states have adopted the euro as their currency and, as a result, are subject to the monetary policies of the European Central Bank (“ECB”). Performance is expected to be closely tied to social, political, security, and economic conditions within Europe and to be more volatile than the performance of more geographically diversified funds. Recent security concerns related to immigration, war and geopolitical risk, and terrorism could have a negative impact on the EU and investments within EU countries.

 

The global economic crisis of the past several years has caused severe financial difficulties for many EU countries, pushing some to the brink of insolvency and causing others to experience recession, large public debt, restructuring of government debt, credit rating downgrades and an overall weakening of banking and financial sectors. The European financial markets have recently experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about economic downturns in, or rising government debt levels of, several European countries as well as acts of war in the region. These events may spread to other countries in Europe and may affect the value and liquidity of certain of the Fund’s investments. Some of those countries have depended on, and may continue to be dependent on, the assistance from others such as the ECB, the International Monetary Fund, or other governments and institutions to address those issues. Failure by one or more EU countries to implement reforms or attain a certain performance level imposed as a condition of assistance, or an insufficient level of assistance, could deepen or prolong the economic downturn which could have a significant adverse effect on the value of investments in those and other European countries. By adopting the euro as its currency, members of the EMU are subject to fiscal and monetary controls that could limit to some degree the ability to implement their own economic policies. Additionally, EMU member countries could voluntarily abandon the euro or involuntarily be forced out of the euro, including by way of a partial or complete dissolution of the monetary union. The effects of such outcomes on the rest of the Eurozone and global markets as a whole are unpredictable, but are likely to be negative, including adversely impacted market values of Eurozone and various other securities and currencies, redenomination of certain securities into less valuable local currencies, and more volatile and illiquid markets. Under such circumstances, investments denominated in euros or replacement currencies may be difficult to value, the ability to operate an investment strategy in connection with euro-denominated securities may be significantly impaired and the value of euro-denominated investments may decline significantly and unpredictably. Further defaults or restructurings by governments and others of their debt could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world.

 

Additionally, the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the EU, commonly known as “Brexit,” may have significant political and financial consequences for Eurozone markets, including greater market volatility and illiquidity, currency fluctuations, deterioration in economic activity, a decrease in business confidence and an increased likelihood of a recession in the United Kingdom and the EU. There may also be similar Brexit movements in other EU countries, which could impact the economic, security, and political fabric of the EU. The withdrawal agreement entered into between the United Kingdom and the EU entered into force on January 31, 2020, at which time the United Kingdom ceased to be a member of the EU. Following the withdrawal, there was an eleven-month transition period, ending December 31, 2020, during which the United Kingdom negotiated its future relationship with the EU. On January 1, 2021, the EU U.K. Trade and Cooperation Agreement, a bilateral trade and cooperation deal governing the future relationship between the U.K. and the EU went into effect. Brexit has already resulted in significant volatility in European and global financial markets and uncertainty about the integrity and functioning of the EU, both of which may persist for an extended period of time.

 

With the U.K.’s withdrawal from the EU, there is the possibility that one or more other countries may withdraw from the EU and/or abandon the Euro, the common currency of the EU, as well. The impact of these actions, especially if they occur in a disorderly fashion, is not clear but could be significant and far reaching. In addition, Russia launched a large-scale invasion of U.K.raine on February 24, 2022. The extent and duration of the military action, resulting sanctions and resulting future market disruptions in the region are impossible to predict, but could be significant and have a severe adverse effect on the region, including significant negative impacts on the economy and the markets for certain securities and commodities, such as oil and natural gas, as well as other sectors.

 

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Depositary Receipts Risk. Investments in securities of foreign companies in the form of American depositary receipts (“ADRs”), Global depositary receipts (“GDRs”), and European depositary receipts (“EDRs”) are subject to certain risks. They may be traded in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) market or on a regional exchange, or may otherwise have limited liquidity. The prices of depositary receipts may differ from the prices of securities upon which they are based. ADRs typically are issued by a U.S. bank or trust company and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation. EDRs and GDRs typically are issued by foreign banks or trust companies, although they may be issued by U.S. banks or trust companies, and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by either a foreign or U.S. corporation. Where the custodian or similar financial institution that holds the issuer’s shares in a trust account is located in a country that does not have developed financial markets, the Fund could be exposed to the credit risk of the custodian or financial institution and greater market risk. In addition, the depository institution may not have physical custody of the underlying securities at all times and may charge fees for various services, including forwarding dividends and interest and corporate actions. The Fund would be expected to pay a share of the additional fees, which it would not pay if investing directly in the foreign securities. The Fund may experience delays in receiving its dividend and interest payments or exercising rights as a shareholder.


Depositary receipts may be issued in sponsored or un-sponsored programs. In a sponsored program, a security issuer has made arrangements to have its securities traded in the form of depositary receipts. In an un-sponsored program, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation of the program. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of the facility. The depositary usually charges fees upon deposit and withdrawal of the underlying securities, the conversion of dividends into U.S. dollars or other currency, the disposition of non-cash distributions, and the performance of other services. Although the U.S. regulatory requirements applicable to ADRs generally are similar for both sponsored and un-sponsored programs, in some cases it may be easier to obtain financial and other information from an issuer that has participated in the creation of a sponsored program. To the extent the Fund invests in depositary receipts of an un-sponsored program, there may be an increased possibility the Fund would not become aware of and be able to respond to corporate actions such as stock splits or rights offerings involving the foreign issuer on a timely basis, as the issuers of unsponsored depositary receipts are not obligated to disclose information that is considered material in the U.S.


Depositary receipts involve many of the same risks as direct investments in foreign securities. These risks include: fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which are affected by international balances of payments and other economic and financial conditions; government intervention; and speculation. With respect to certain foreign countries, there is the possibility of expropriation or nationalization of assets, confiscatory taxation, political and social upheaval, and economic instability. Investments in depositary receipts that are exchange traded or OTC may also subject the Fund to liquidity risk. This risk is enhanced in connection with OTC depositary receipts.

Liquidity Risk. Investments in securities that are difficult to purchase or sell (illiquid or thinly traded securities) may reduce returns if the Fund is unable to sell the securities at an advantageous time or price or achieve its desired level of exposure to a certain sector.  An “illiquid investment” is defined as an investment that the Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven (7) calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment.  Liquidity risk arises, for example, from small average trading volumes, lack of a market maker, trading restrictions, or temporary suspensions of trading.  In times of market volatility, certain securities or classes of securities may become illiquid. Government or regulatory actions may decrease market liquidity, and the liquidity for certain securities. Securities of private companies or funds, small-capitalization companies and companies domiciled in emerging markets pose greater liquidity and price volatility risks.  Certain securities that were liquid when purchased may later become illiquid or less liquid, particularly in times of overall economic distress.  Illiquid securities may also be difficult to value, may be required to be fair valued according to the valuation procedures approved by the Board, and may reflect a discount, which may be significant, from the market price of comparable securities for which a liquid market exists. In the event of the Fund’s liquidation, there is no assurance that a market or other exit strategy will be available for the Fund’s less liquid investments. It is possible that the Fund may be unable to liquidate certain of its investments and make corresponding distributions until after the liquidation date. This would delay distribution payments, perhaps for an extended period of time. In certain circumstances, the Fund may transfer portfolio investments that remain unsold on the liquidation date to a liquidating trust and distribute interests in such liquidating trust to shareholders as part of the Fund’s final distribution. Interests in any such liquidating trust likely would be restricted or entirely nontransferable, except by operation of law. The value of such liquidation payments, including any interest in a liquidating trust, may be less, and potentially significantly less, than your original investment.

Government Regulatory Risk. Certain industries or sectors, including, but not limited to, real estate, financial services, utilities, oil and natural gas exploration and production, anything environment-related, and health care are subject to increased regulatory requirements. There can be no guarantee that companies in which the Fund invests will meet all applicable regulatory requirements. Certain companies could incur substantial fines and penalties for failing to meet government regulatory requirements. These requirements may also result in additional compliance expenses and costs. Such increased regulatory compliance costs could hurt a company’s performance.

 

Derivatives Risk. The Fund may invest in derivatives, which are financial instruments whose value depends on, or is derived from, the value of underlying assets, reference rates, or indices. Derivatives can be highly volatile and may be subject to transaction costs and certain risks, such as unanticipated changes in securities prices and global currency investment. Derivatives also are subject to a number of risks described elsewhere in this section, such as leverage risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk, market risk, counterparty risk, and credit risk. They also involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation and the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, interest rate or index. Gains or losses from derivatives can be substantially greater than the derivatives’ original cost.

 

The Adviser and the Sub-Advisers must choose the correct derivatives exposure versus the underlying assets to be hedged or the income to be generated, in order to realize the desired results from the investment. The Adviser and the Sub-Advisers must also correctly predict price, credit or their applicable movements, during the life of a derivative, with respect to the underlying asset in order to realize the desired results from the investment.

 

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The Fund could experience losses if its derivatives were poorly correlated with its other investments, or if the Fund were unable to liquidate its position because of an illiquid market. The market for many derivatives is, or suddenly can become, illiquid. Changes in liquidity may result in significant, rapid and unpredictable changes in the prices for derivatives. The value of derivatives may fluctuate more rapidly than other investments, which may increase the volatility of the Fund, depending on the nature and extent of the derivatives in the Fund’s portfolio.

 

If the Adviser and the Sub-Advisers use derivatives in attempting to manage or “hedge” the overall risk of the portfolio, the strategy might not be successful and the Fund may lose money. To the extent that the Fund is unable to close out a position because of market illiquidity or counterparty default, the Fund may not be able to prevent further losses of value in its derivatives holdings.

 

The Fund may also be required to take or make delivery of an underlying instrument that the manager would otherwise have attempted to avoid. Investors should bear in mind that, while the Fund may intend to use derivative strategies on a regular basis, it is not obligated to actively engage in these transactions, generally or in any particular kind of derivative, if the Adviser or a Sub-Adviser elects not to do so due to availability, cost or other factors.

 

The Fund’s use of derivative instruments may involve risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other more traditional investments. Certain derivative transactions may have a leveraging effect on the Fund. For example, a small investment in a derivative instrument may have a significant impact on the Fund’s exposure to interest rates, currency exchange rates or other investments. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a derivative instrument may cause an immediate and substantial loss or gain. The Fund may engage in such transactions regardless of whether the Fund owns the asset, instrument or components of the index underlying the derivative instrument. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in these types of instruments, which could cause the Fund’s investment exposure to exceed the value of its portfolio securities and its investment performance could be affected by securities it does not own.

 

The U.S. Government has enacted legislation that provides for the regulation of the derivatives market, including clearing, margin, reporting, and registration requirements. The European Union and the United Kingdom (and some other countries) are implementing similar requirements, which will affect the Fund when it enters into a derivatives transaction with a counterparty organized in that jurisdiction or otherwise subject to that jurisdiction's derivatives regulations. Because these requirements are relatively new and evolving, their ultimate impact remains unclear. It is possible that government regulation of various types of derivative instruments could potentially limit or completely restrict the ability of the Fund to use these instruments as a part of its investment strategy, increase the costs of using these instruments or make them less effective. Limits or restrictions applicable to the counterparties with which the Fund engages in derivative transactions could also prevent the Fund from using these instruments or affect the pricing or other factors relating to these instruments, or may change availability of certain investments.

 

The CFTC and certain futures exchanges have established (and continue to evaluate and revise) limits, referred to as “position limits,” on the maximum net long or net short positions which any person or entity may hold or control in particular options and futures contracts (and certain related swap positions). Unless an exemption applies, all positions owned or controlled by the same person or entity, even if in different accounts, must be aggregated for purposes of determining whether the applicable position limits have been exceeded and, as a result, the Adviser's or a Sub-Adviser’s trading decisions may have to be modified or positions held by the Fund may have to be liquidated in order to avoid exceeding such limits. Even if the Fund does not intend to exceed applicable position limits, it is possible that different clients managed by the Adviser, a Sub-Adviser, or its affiliates may be aggregated for this purpose. The modification of investment decisions or the elimination of open positions, if it occurs, may adversely affect the profitability of the Fund. A violation of position limits could also lead to regulatory action materially adverse to the Fund’s investment strategy.

 

With respect to the Fund, JNAM has filed a notice claiming relief under CFTC Letter 12-38 from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) (the “relief”). Accordingly, JNAM is not subject to registration or regulation as a “CPO” under the CEA with respect to the Fund. To remain eligible for the relief, the Fund must limit its direct and indirect investments in certain instruments regulated under the CEA (“commodity interests”), including futures and options on futures and certain swaps transactions. In the event that the Fund’s investments in commodity interests are not within the thresholds set forth in the relief, JNAM may be required to act in a registered CPO capacity with respect to the Fund. JNAM’s eligibility to claim the relief with respect to the Fund will be based upon, among other things, the level of the Fund’s investment in commodity interests, the Fund’s investments in Private Funds that invest in commodity interests, the purposes of such investments, and the manner in which the Fund holds out its use of commodity interests. The ability of the Fund to invest in commodity interests directly  and indirectly through Private Funds may be limited by JNAM’s intention to operate the Fund in a manner that would permit JNAM to continue to qualify for the relief, which may adversely affect the Fund’s total return.

 

Under the Dodd-Frank Act, the Fund also may be subject to additional recordkeeping and reporting requirements. In addition, the tax treatment of certain derivatives, such as certain swaps, is unclear under current law and may be subject to future legislation, regulation or administrative pronouncements issued by the IRS. Other future regulatory developments may also impact the Fund’s ability to invest or remain invested in certain derivatives. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Fund itself is regulated. The Adviser and the Sub-Advisers cannot predict the effects of any new governmental regulation that may be implemented or the ability of the Fund to use swaps or any other financial derivative product, and there can be no assurance that any new governmental regulation or self-regulatory organization rule will not adversely affect the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

 

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SEC Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act ("Rule 18f-4") governs the use of derivatives, reverse repurchase agreements, and certain other transactions by registered investment companies. In connection with the adoption of Rule 18f-4, the SEC withdrew prior guidance requiring compliance with an asset segregation framework for covering certain derivative instruments and related transactions. Rule 18f-4, like the prior guidance, provides a mechanism by which the Fund is able to engage in derivatives transactions, even if the derivatives are considered to be "senior securities" for purposes of Section 18 of the 1940 Act. Rule 18f-4, among other things, requires a fund that invests in derivate instruments beyond a specified limited amount to apply value-at-risk (“VaR”) based limit to its use of certain derivative instruments and financing transactions and to adopt and implement a derivatives risk management program. Generally, these requirements apply to the Fund unless the Fund satisfies Rule 18f-4's “limited derivatives users” exception, in which case the Fund is not subject to the full requirements of Rule 18f-4. When the Fund invests in reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions, Rule 18f-4 requires the Fund to either aggregate the amount of indebtedness associated with the reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions with the aggregate amount of any other senior securities representing indebtedness when calculating the Fund's asset coverage ratio or treat all such transactions as derivatives transactions. These and other new rules and regulations could, among other things, further restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to the Fund or otherwise limiting liquidity. The implementation of the clearing requirement has increased the costs of derivatives transactions for the Fund because the Fund has to pay fees to their clearing members and are typically required to post more margin for cleared derivatives than they have historically posted for bilateral derivatives. These rules and regulations are new and evolving, so their full impact on the Fund and the financial system are not yet known. While the new rules and regulations and central clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (i.e., the risk that the interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause them to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges simultaneously), there is no assurance that they will achieve that result, and, as noted above, central clearing and related requirements expose the Fund to new kinds of costs and risks.

 

Investment Risk. An investment in the Fund’s Shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount invested. An investment in the Shares represents an indirect investment in the investments and other financial assets owned by the Fund. The value of the Fund’s investments will generally fluctuate with, among other things, changes in prevailing interest rates, federal tax rates, counterparty risk, general economic conditions, the condition of certain financial markets, developments or trends in any particular industry and the financial condition of the issuer. Lower-quality debt securities involve greater risk of default or price changes and their value can fluctuate, especially during periods of increased market volatility, economic recessions or periods of high interest rates.

 

Issuer Risk. The value of an individual security or particular type of security can be more volatile than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the market as a whole. A security’s value may decline for reasons that directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, corporate governance, financial leverage and reduced demand for the issuer’s goods or services. A change in the financial condition of a single issuer may affect securities markets as a whole. Certain unanticipated events, such as natural disasters, can have a dramatic adverse effect on the value of an issuer’s securities.

 

Deferral and Omission Risk. Preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer or omit distributions for a stated period without any adverse consequences to the issuer. In certain cases, deferring or omitting distributions may be mandatory. If the Fund owns a preferred security that is deferring its distributions, the Fund may be required to report income for tax purposes although it has not yet received such income. In addition, recent changes in bank regulations may increase the likelihood for issuers to defer or omit distributions.

 

Credit Risk. Credit risk is the actual or perceived risk that the issuer of a bond, borrower, guarantor, counterparty, or other entity responsible for payment will not pay interest and principal payments when due. The price of a debt security can decline in response to changes in the financial condition of the issuer, borrower, guarantor, counterparty, or other entity responsible for payment. The Fund could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a fixed-income security, or the counterparty to a derivatives contract, repurchase agreement or a loan of portfolio securities, is unable or unwilling to make timely principal and/or interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. Changes in an issuer’s financial strength, the market’s perception of the issuer’s financial strength or in a security’s credit rating, which reflects a third party’s assessment of the credit risk presented by a particular issuer, may affect debt securities’ value. When a fixed-income security is not rated, the Adviser or a  Sub-Adviser may have to assess the risk of the security itself. The Fund may incur substantial losses on debt securities that are inaccurately perceived to present a different amount of credit risk by the market, the Adviser or a Sub-Adviser or the rating agencies than such securities actually do. In addition, to the extent the Fund invests in municipal bonds, they are subject to the risk that litigation, legislation or other political events, local business or economic conditions, or the bankruptcy of the issuer could have a significant effect on an issuer’s ability to make payments of principal and/or interest.

 

Interest Rate Risk. When interest rates increase, fixed-income securities generally will decline in value. Conversely, as interest rates decrease, the prices of fixed income securities tend to increase. In a low interest rate environment, an increase in interest rates could have a negative impact on the price of fixed income securities, and could negatively impact the Fund’s portfolio of fixed income securities. Long-term fixed income securities normally have more price volatility than short-term fixed income securities. The value of certain equity investments, such as utilities and real estate-related securities, may also be sensitive to interest rate changes. A nominal interest rate can be described as the sum of a real interest rate and an expected inflation rate. Inflation-indexed securities, including TIPS, decline in value when real interest rates rise. In certain interest rate environments, such as when real interest rates are rising faster than normal interest rates, inflation-indexed securities may experience greater losses than other fixed income securities with similar durations.

 

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Floating rate investments have adjustable interest rates and as a result, generally fluctuate less in response to interest rate changes than will fixed-rate investments. However, because floating rates generally only reset periodically, changes in prevailing interest rates may cause a fluctuation in a Fund’s value. In addition, extreme increases in prevailing interest rates may cause an increase in defaults on floating rate investments, which may cause a further decline in a Fund’s value. Finally, a decrease in interest rates could adversely affect the income earned by the Fund from its floating rate debt securities.

 

Recently, there have been inflationary price movements, which have caused the fixed income securities markets to experience heightened levels of interest rate volatility and liquidity risk.

 

Prepayment Risk. During periods of falling interest rates, there is the risk that a debt security with a high stated interest rate will be prepaid before its expected maturity date and that the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in an investment that may have lower yields than the yield on the prepaid debt security. In addition, prepayment rates are difficult to predict and the potential impact of prepayment on the price of a debt instrument depends on the terms of the instrument.

 

Extension Risk. When interest rates rise, certain obligations will be paid off by the obligor more slowly than anticipated, which may cause the value of those securities to fall. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities generally changes more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value.

 

Call Risk. Call risk is the risk that, during a period of falling interest rates, the issuer may redeem a security by repaying it early, which may reduce the Fund’s income if the proceeds are reinvested at lower interest rates.

 

Income Risk. Income generated from the Fund’s investments may decline in the event of falling interest rates. Income risk may be high if the Fund’s income is predominantly based on short-term interest rates, which can fluctuate significantly over short periods. The Fund’s distributions to shareholders may decline when interest rates fall.

 

Limited Voting Rights Risk. Generally, traditional preferred securities offer no voting rights with respect to the issuer unless preferred dividends have been in arrears for a specified number of periods, at which time the preferred security holders may elect a number of directors to the issuer’s board of directors. Generally, once all the arrearages have been paid, the preferred security holders no longer have voting rights. Hybrid-preferred security holders generally have no voting rights.

 

Special Redemption Rights. In certain varying circumstances, an issuer of preferred securities may redeem the securities prior to a specified date. For instance, for certain types of preferred securities, a redemption may be triggered by a change in U.S. federal income tax or securities laws. As with call provisions, a redemption by the issuer may have a negative impact on the return of the security held by the Fund. See “Call Risk,” “Income Risk,” and “Government Regulatory Risk.”

 

New Types of Securities. From time to time, preferred securities, including hybrid-preferred securities, have been, and may in the future be, offered having features other than those described herein. The Fund reserves the right to invest in these securities if the Adviser or Sub-Adviser believes that doing so would be consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives and policies. Since the market for these instruments would be new, the Fund may have difficulty disposing of them at a suitable price and time. In addition to limited liquidity, these instruments may present other risks, such as high price volatility.

 

Expense Risk. Fund expenses are subject to a variety of factors, including fluctuations in the Fund’s net assets. Accordingly, actual expenses may be greater or less than those indicated in the Fund’s Prospectus. For example, to the extent that the Fund’s net assets decrease due to market declines or repurchases, the Fund’s expenses will increase as a percentage of Fund net assets. During periods of high market volatility, these increases in the Fund’s expense ratio could be significant.

 

Securities Lending Risk. The Fund may lend its portfolio securities to brokers, dealers, and other financial institutions provided a number of conditions are satisfied, including that the loan is fully collateralized. When the Fund lends portfolio securities, its investment performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned, and the fund will also receive a fee or interest on the collateral. Securities lending involves the risk of loss or delays in recovery of the loaned security or loss of rights in the collateral if the borrower fails to return the security loaned or becomes insolvent. The Fund will also bear the risk of any decline in value of securities acquired with cash collateral. The Fund may pay lending fees to a party arranging the loan.

 

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Limits of Risk Disclosure. The above discussions and the discussions in the SAI relating to various risks associated with the Fund, fund investments, and Shares are not, and are not intended to be, a complete enumeration or explanation of the risks involved in an investment in the Fund. Prospective investors should read this entire Prospectus, the SAI, and the Declaration of Trust and should consult with their own advisers before deciding whether to invest in the Fund. In addition, as the Fund’s investment program or market conditions change or develop over time, an investment in the Fund may be subject to risk factors not currently contemplated or described in this Prospectus.

 

In view of the risks noted above, the Fund should be considered a speculative investment and prospective investors should invest in the Fund only if they can sustain a complete loss of their investment.

 

No guarantee or representation is made that the investment program of the Fund or any Private Fund will be successful, that the various fund investments selected will produce positive returns or that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.

 

Management of the Fund

 

The Board of Trustees. The Board has overall responsibility for the management and supervision of the business operations of the Fund on behalf of the Shareholders. A majority of Trustees of the Board are and will be persons who are not “interested persons” of the Fund, as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act (the “Independent Trustees”). To the extent permitted by the 1940 Act and other applicable law, the Board may delegate any of its rights, powers and authority to, among others, the officers of the Fund, any committee of the Board, service providers or the Adviser. See “Trustees and Officers of the Fund” in the Fund’s SAI for the identities of the Trustees and executive officers of the Fund, brief biographical information regarding each of them, and other information regarding the election and membership of the Board.

 

The Adviser. Jackson National Asset Management, LLC (“JNAM” or the “Adviser”), located at 1 Corporate Way, Lansing, Michigan 48951, serves as the investment adviser of the Fund. Subject to the supervision of the Board, the Adviser is responsible for managing the investment activities of the Fund and the Fund’s business affairs and other administrative matters. The Adviser is an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Jackson Financial Inc. (“Jackson”), a leading provider of retirement products for industry professionals and their clients. Jackson and its affiliates offer variable, fixed and fixed index annuities designed for tax-efficient growth and distribution of retirement income for retail customers, as well as products for institutional investors. Prudential plc holds a minority economic interest in Jackson. Prudential plc has no relation to Newark, New Jersey-based Prudential Financial Inc. The Adviser is an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”).

 

The Sub-Advisers. The Fund has two sub-advisers. Each sub-adviser provides the day-to-day portfolio management of those assets of the Fund allocated to it by the Adviser. Each Sub-Adviser is responsible for choosing a portion of the Fund’s investments and handling its day-to-day business as required by the investment sub-advisory agreement (the “Sub-Advisory Agreement”) between the Adviser and each Sub-Adviser; however, certain services may be performed by affiliates of a Sub-Adviser. Each Sub-Adviser carries out its duties subject to the policies established by the Board of Trustees.

 

The Sub-Advisers to the Fund are: [to be updated by amendment]

 

Sub-Adviser 1


[to be updated by amendment]

 

Sub-Adviser 2


[to be updated by amendment]

 

Portfolio Managers. The personnel who currently are jointly and primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund are:

 

Jackson National Asset Management, LLC

 

William Harding, CFA, is Senior Vice President and Chief Investment Officer for JNAM since July 2014. Mr. Harding was a Vice President, Head of Investment Management from October 2012 to June 2014. Mr. Harding leads the Investment Management function responsible for oversight of sub-advisor performance and risk, due diligence and manager research. Mr. Harding was previously the Head of Manager Research for Morningstar Inc.’s Investment Management division and has over 20 years of investment experience including asset allocation, manager research, portfolio management, and performance evaluation. Mr. Harding graduated from the University of Colorado, Boulder with a Bachelor of Science degree in Business. He holds an MBA from Loyola University Chicago and he is a Chartered Financial Analyst.

 

Sean Hynes, CFA, CAIA, is Assistant Vice President, Investment Management for JNAM since April 2013. Mr. Hynes provides leadership for the performance analysis and due diligence review of external investment managers. He develops and maintains key relationships with asset managers and provides leadership and direction to Investment Management staff. Prior to joining JNAM, Mr. Hynes was an Investment Manager for Morningstar Investment Services, a wholly owned subsidiary of Morningstar Inc., and a research associate for Managers Investment Group. Mr. Hynes holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics from the University of Notre Dame, and an MBA from Carnegie Mellon University. He is a CFA and CAIA charterholder.

 

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Mark Pliska, CFA, is an Assistant Vice President for JNAM. Mr. Pliska is responsible for manager research, portfolio construction, and asset allocation of the Fund. Prior to joining JNAM in 2011, Mr. Pliska worked as an Investment Analyst for Plan Sponsor Advisors from 2008 to 2011, where he was responsible for the selection and monitoring of investment managers, client reporting, and asset allocation for defined contribution and defined benefit plans, and prior to that, Mr. Pliska was a Research Analyst for DWM Financial Group from 2006 to 2008. Mr. Pliska is a National Merit Scholar and holds a B.A. in Economics from the University of Kansas.

 

Kyle Ottwell, CFA, CAIA, is Director, Investment Management for JNAM. Mr. Ottwell is responsible for manager research, portfolio construction, and asset allocation of the Fund, joining the Investment Management team in October 2013. Mr. Ottwell originally joined JNAM in June of 2007 as a Fund Accountant, rising to the Supervisor position. Prior to JNAM he worked as a fund accountant for State Street. Mr. Ottwell holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance & Banking/Real Estate from the University of Missouri-Columbia. He is a CFA and CAIA charterholder.

 

[Sub-Adviser 1& Sub-Adviser 2 - Portfolio Managers] [To be updated by amendment]

 

The SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, and the portfolio managers’ ownership of securities in the Fund.

 

Control Persons. A control person is a person who owns, either directly or indirectly, beneficially more than 25% of the voting securities of a company. As of the date of this Prospectus, Jackson National Insurance Company owned beneficially 100% of the value of the outstanding interests in the Fund.

 

Investment Management Agreement. Under the general oversight of the Board, the Adviser has been engaged to continuously furnish an investment program with respect to the Fund and to furnish such other services necessary to sponsor and manage the Fund that are not specifically delegated to other service providers of the Fund, including overseeing the work that is delegated to other service providers of the Fund. The Adviser compensates all Trustees and officers of the Fund who are members of the Adviser’s organization and who render investment services to the Fund.

 

Pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement, the Adviser agrees to manage the investment and reinvestment of the Fund’s assets in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies and determine what investments will be purchased, held, sold or exchanged by the Fund and what portion, if any, of the assets of the Fund will be held uninvested. The Adviser bears its own operating and overhead expenses attributable to its duties under the Investment Management Agreement (such as salaries, bonuses, rent, office and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, and auditing expenses). The Fund bears all other costs of its operations, including, without limitation, the expenses set forth in “Fund Expenses” below.

 

[to be updated by amendment]

 

Assets Investment
Management Fee
[to be updated] [ ]%
[to be updated] [ ]%

 

A discussion regarding the considerations of the Fund’s Board for approving the Investment Management Agreement will be included in the Fund’s [to be updated by amendment] report to shareholders for the period ended [to be updated by amendment].

 

Sub-Advisory Agreements. The Adviser has engaged each Sub-Adviser to provide the day-to-day management of the assets of the Fund’s portfolio allocated to each Sub-Adviser by the Adviser. The Adviser is responsible for monitoring the investment program and performance of each Sub-Adviser. Under the terms of each Sub-Advisory Agreement, the agreement can be terminated by the Adviser, the Board or by a vote of the majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. In the event a Sub-Advisory Agreement is terminated, the sub-adviser may be replaced subject to any regulatory requirements, including approval by the Board and Shareholders, or the Adviser may assume day-to-day investment management of the portion of the Fund's portfolio allocated to such Sub-Adviser.

 

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The Sub-Advisory fee schedule for each Sub-Adviser is listed below: [to be updated by amendment]

 

Sub-Adviser 1

 

Assets Sub-Advisory Fee
[to be updated] [ ]%
[to be updated] [ ]%
[to be updated] [ ]%

 

Sub-Adviser 2

 

Assets Sub-Advisory Fee
[to be updated] [ ]%
[to be updated] [ ]%
[to be updated] [ ]%

 

 

A discussion regarding the considerations of the Fund’s Board for approving each Sub-Advisory Agreement will be included in the Fund’s [to be updated by amendment] report to shareholders for the period ended [to be updated by amendment].

 

Management Fee

 

The Fund has agreed to pay the Adviser as compensation under the Investment Management Agreement a fee in the amount of [to be updated by amendment]% on an annualized basis of the average daily net assets of the Fund. The Management Fee is paid to the Adviser out of the Fund’s assets and decreases the net profits or increases the net losses of the Fund.

 

A portion of the Management Fee may be paid to brokers or dealers that assist in the distribution of Shares.

 

Distributor

 

The Fund continuously offers the Shares at their NAV per Share through [Jackson National Life Distributors LLC], and affiliate of the Adviser and distributor of the Shares (the “Distributor”). The Fund has entered into a Distribution Agreement with the Distributor, [300 Innovation Drive, Franklin, Tennessee 37067]. Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the Distributor serves on a best efforts basis, subject to various conditions. The Distributor is not required to buy any Shares and does not intend to make a market in the Shares. There is a sales charge for purchases of Class A Shares.

 

Under the Fund’s Distribution Agreement, the Distributor is also responsible for entering into agreements with broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries (“Selling Agents”) to assist in the distribution of the Shares, reviewing the Fund’s proposed advertising materials and sales literature and making certain filings with regulators. For these services, the Distributor receives a fee from the Adviser. The Adviser is also responsible for paying any out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Distributor in providing services under the Distribution Agreement.

 

Under the Fund’s Distribution Agreement with the Distributor, the Fund agrees to indemnify the Distributor and its officers, directors, employees, agents or affiliates for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund or any shareholder of the Fund as a result of: (1) the Distributor serving as distributor of the Fund pursuant to the agreement; or (2) the Distributor’s failure to perform due to events beyond the reasonable control of the Distributor or its agents, except for a loss resulting from the Distributor’s willful misfeasance, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the agreement.

 

The Distributor may engage one or more Selling Agents to assist in the distribution of Shares. Selling Agents may charge a separate fee for their service in conjunction with an investment in the Fund and/or maintenance of investor accounts. Such a fee is not a sales load imposed by the Fund or the Distributor and will be in addition to the fees charged or paid by the Fund. The payment of these fees and the effect of these fees on the performance of a shareholder’s investment in Shares will not be reflected in the performance returns of Shares.

 

Selling Agents may also impose terms and conditions on investor accounts and investments in the Fund that are in addition to the terms and conditions described in this Prospectus and are not imposed by the Fund, the Distributor or any other Fund service providers. These terms and conditions may affect or limit a prospective or current shareholder’s ability to purchase Shares, a current shareholder’s ability to tender Shares to the Fund for repurchase or to otherwise transact business with the Fund. Services provided by Selling Agents may vary. Shareholders investing in Shares through a Selling Agent should consult with the Selling Agent regarding the terms and conditions related to accounts held at the Selling Agent, services provided to such accounts and related service fees as well as operational limitations of the Selling Agent.

 

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The Adviser pays for any distribution, marketing and promotional services rendered to the Shares including payments to Selling Agents for the sale of Shares and payments to other entities marketing the Fund. These expenses are not reflected in the expense table included in this Prospectus. Payments to Selling Agents or other entities marketing the Fund create conflicts of interest by influencing the Selling Agent, marketing entity and your salesperson to recommend Shares over another investment. These payments may also benefit the Adviser, the Distributor and their respective affiliates if these payments result in an increase in the NAV of Shares, the value upon which any fees payable by the Fund to these entities are based.

 

Shareholder Servicing Plan

 

Shareholder Servicing Plan. The Fund operates under a Shareholder Servicing Plan with respect to Class A Shares. The Shareholder Servicing Plan allows the Fund to pay shareholder servicing fees in respect of Shareholders holding Class A Shares. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of an investment and may cost more than paying other types of sales charges. Class I Shares are not subject to the Shareholder Servicing Fee.

 

The Shareholder Servicing Fee to be paid under the Shareholder Servicing Plan is as follows:

 

Class Shareholder Servicing Fee
Class A Shares [0.25]%
Class I Shares None

 

Administrator

 

Jackson National Asset Management, LLC (the “Administrator” or “JNAM”), 1 Corporate Way, Lansing, Michigan 48951, provides or procures, at its own expense, certain legal, audit, fund accounting, custody (except overdraft and interest expense), transfer agent, printing and mailing, and other administrative services necessary for the operation of the Fund pursuant to an Administration Agreement between the Fund and the Administrator (the “Administration Agreement”). In addition, JNAM, in its capacity as administrator also pays a portion of the costs of the JNAM’s Chief Compliance Officer. The Fund pays the Administrator a fee of [to be updated by amendment]%. The fees are accrued daily and paid monthly by the Fund and the administrative fees are based on the average daily net assets for the prior month.

 

The Fund is responsible for trading expenses including brokerage commissions, interest and taxes, and other non-operating expenses. The Fund is also responsible for registration fees, nonrecurring and extraordinary expenses, interest expenses, licensing costs, directors and officers insurance, anti-money laundering service fees, costs related to the Fund’s short sales on equity securities, legal fees associated with Fund litigation, expenses related to the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer, and the fees and expenses of the Trustees and of independent legal counsel to the Independent Trustees (categorized as “Other Expenses” in the fee tables).

 

The Administrator administers the Fund’s operations in such manner and to such extent as may be authorized by the Board. Administration services include, but are not limited to: (1) furnishing such office space, office equipment and office facilities as are adequate for the Fund’s needs; (2) providing, without remuneration from or other cost to the Fund, the services of individuals competent to perform all of the Fund’s executive, administrative and clerical functions that are not performed by employees or other agents engaged by the Fund or by the Administrator acting in some other capacity pursuant to a separate agreement or arrangement with the Fund; (3) assisting the Fund in selecting and coordinating the activities of the other agents engaged by the Fund, including the Fund’s custodian, independent auditors and legal counsel; (4) ensuring that all financial, accounting and other records required to be maintained and preserved by the Fund are maintained and preserved by it or on its behalf in accordance with applicable laws and regulations; (5) preparing, coordinating and finalizing all periodic reports by the Fund to shareholders of the Fund and all reports and filings required to maintain the registration and qualification of the Fund and the Fund’s shares, including the continuous public sale of shares of the Fund, or to meet other regulatory or tax requirements applicable to the Fund, under federal and state securities and tax laws; and (6) incurring all fees, costs and expenses, direct or indirect (without any recourse to the Fund) associated with any conversions from a RIC to a partnership.

 

The Administration Agreement continues in effect, unless earlier terminated by the Fund or the Administrator, through [to be updated by amendment]. Thereafter, unless otherwise terminated, the Administration Agreement will continue from year to year through September 30 of each successive year, provided that such continuation is specifically approved at least annually (i) by the Trustees by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such renewal, or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund with respect to which renewal is to be effected, and (ii) by a majority of the Independent Trustees by a vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such renewal. Either party may terminate the Administration Agreement with or without cause, without the payment of any penalty, by giving the other party 60 days’ prior written notice, provided that such action shall have been authorized (i) by resolution of the Trustees, including the vote or written consent of the Independent Trustees, or (ii) by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.

 

32

 

 

Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator is liable for any damages resulting from the negligence or misconduct of the Administrator or its employees, agents or contractors as a result of the actions or omissions by the Administrator of its obligations and duties under the agreement.

 

Transfer Agent

 

[to be updated by amendment] ("Transfer Agent") provides transfer agency services to the Fund. Fees and expenses of the Transfer Agent are paid by the Administrator.

 

Custodian

 

[to be updated by amendment] (“Custodian”), serves as the primary custodian of the assets of the Fund and may maintain custody of such assets with U.S. and non-U.S. sub-custodians (which may be banks and trust companies), securities depositories and clearing agencies in accordance with the requirements of Section 17(f) of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder. Assets of the Fund are not held by the Adviser or commingled with the assets of other accounts other than to the extent that securities are held in the name of the Custodian or U.S. or non-U.S. sub-custodians in a securities depository, clearing agency or omnibus customer account of such custodian.

 

Fund Expenses

 

Fund Operating Expenses. The Fund bears all expenses and costs incurred in the conduct of the Fund’s business, including, without limitation the following:

 


Advisory Fee

o Under the Investment Management Agreement, JNAM, as the Adviser, is responsible for managing the affairs and overseeing the investments of the Fund and determining how voting and other rights with respect to securities owned by the Fund will be exercised. The Adviser also provides recordkeeping and administrative services to the Fund and oversees the performance of services provided to the Fund by other service providers, including the custodian and shareholder servicing agent. The Adviser is authorized to delegate certain of its duties with respect to the Fund to the Sub-Adviser, subject to the approval of the Board, and is responsible for overseeing each Sub-Adviser’s performance. The Adviser is solely responsible for payment of any fees to each Sub-Adviser. As compensation under the Investment Management Agreement, the Fund pays the Adviser a monthly management fee equal to [to be updated by amendment]% on an annualized basis of the average daily net assets of the Fund.

 


Administration Fee

o Under the Administration Agreement, JNAM also serves as the administrator to the Fund. JNAM, in its capacity as administrator, provides or procures, at its own expense, certain legal, audit, fund accounting, custody (except overdraft and interest expense), transfer agent, federal and any state registration fees, printing and mailing, and other administrative services necessary for the operation of the Fund.

 

As compensation under the Administration Agreement, the Fund pays JNAM a monthly administration fee equal to [to be updated by amendment]% on an annualized basis of the average daily net assets of the Fund.

 


Shareholder Servicing Fee

o Under the Plan, the Fund would be permitted to pay for shareholder servicing functions at an annual rate of [to be updated by amendment]% on an annualized basis of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributed to Class A shares. Because these fees are paid out of the Fund’s assets on an on-going basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.

 

Class I Shares are not subject to the Plan and therefore do not pay a Shareholder Servicing Fee.

 

Conflicts of Interest

 

The Fund may be subject to a number of actual and potential conflicts of interest, including, but not limited to, those set forth in further detail below.

 

The Adviser and Sub-Advisers each engage in financial advisory activities that are independent from, and may conflict with, those of the Fund. In the future, there might arise instances where the interests of the Adviser and/or Sub-Advisers conflict with the interests of the Fund. The Adviser and/or Sub-Advisers may from time to time provide services to, invest in, advise, sponsor and/or act as investment manager to investment vehicles and other persons or entities (including prospective investors in the Fund), which may have structures, investment objectives and/or policies that are similar to (or different than) those of the Fund, and which may compete with the Fund for investment opportunities. In addition, the Adviser and/or Sub-Advisers and each of their respective clients may from time to time invest in securities that would be appropriate for the Fund and may compete with the Fund for investment opportunities. By acquiring Shares of the Fund, each Shareholder will be deemed to have acknowledged the existence of any such actual and potential conflicts of interest and to have waived any claim with respect to any liability arising from the existence of any such conflict of interest, except as may otherwise be provided under the provisions of applicable state law or Federal securities law which cannot be waived or modified.

 

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Although the Adviser and Sub-Advisers will seek to allocate investment opportunities among the Fund and their respective other clients in a fair and reasonable manner, there can be no assurance that an investment opportunity which comes to the attention of the Adviser or Sub-Advisers will be appropriate for the Fund or will be referred to the Fund.

 

The directors, partners, trustees, managers, members, officers and employees of the Adviser and Sub-Advisers may buy and sell securities or other investments for their own accounts. As a result of differing trading and investment strategies or constraints, investments may be made by directors, partners, trustees, managers, members, officers and employees that are the same, different from or made at different times than investments made for the Fund. To reduce the possibility that the Fund will be materially adversely affected by the personal trading described above, each of the Fund, the Adviser and Sub-Advisers have adopted codes of ethics (collectively, the “Codes of Ethics”) in compliance with Section 17(j) of the 1940 Act that restricts securities trading in the personal accounts of investment professionals and others who normally come into possession of information regarding the portfolio transactions of the Fund. The Codes of Ethics are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by email at publicinfo@sec.gov.

 

Allocation of the Adviser's and Sub-Advisers’ Time. The Fund substantially relies on the Adviser to manage the day-to-day activities of the Fund and the Adviser and Sub-Advisers to implement the Fund’s investment strategy. The Adviser and Sub-Advisers are each involved with activities that are unrelated to the Fund. For example, neither the Adviser nor the Sub-Advisers are restricted from forming additional investment funds, from entering into other investment advisory relationships or from engaging in other business activities, even though such activities may be in competition with the Fund and/or may involve substantial time and resources of the Adviser or Sub-Advisers. These activities could be viewed as creating a conflict of interest in that the time and effort of the Adviser, the Sub-Advisers and their officers and employees will not be devoted exclusively to the Fund’s business but will be allocated between the Fund and the management of the assets of other clients of the Adviser and Sub-Advisers. The Adviser, the Sub-Advisers and their employees will devote only as much of their time to the Fund’s business as the Adviser, the Sub-Advisers and their respective employees, in their judgment, determine is reasonably required, which may be substantially less than their full time. Therefore, the Adviser, the Sub-Advisers and their employees may experience conflicts of interest in allocating management time, services and functions among the Fund and any other business ventures in which they or any of their key personnel, as applicable, are or may become involved. This could result in actions that are more favorable to other entities than to the Fund.

 

Nevertheless, the Fund believes that the members of the Adviser's and Sub-Advisers’ senior management and the other key professionals have sufficient time to fully discharge their responsibilities to the Fund and to the other businesses in which they are involved. The Fund believes that its executive officers will devote the time required to manage the business and expect that the amount of time a particular executive officer devotes to the Fund will vary during the course of the year and depend on the Fund’s business activities at the given time.

 

Dividends and Distributions

 

The Fund contemplates declaring as dividends each year all or substantially all of its taxable income. A Shareholder’s dividends and capital gain distributions will be automatically reinvested if the Shareholder does not instruct the Administrator otherwise. A Shareholder who elects not to reinvest will receive both dividends and capital gain distributions in cash. The Fund may limit the extent to which any distributions that are returns of capital may be reinvested in the Fund.

 

Any distributions reinvested will nevertheless remain subject to U.S. federal (and applicable state and local) taxation to Shareholders. The Fund may finance its cash distributions to Shareholders from any sources of funds available to the Fund, including offering proceeds, borrowings, net investment income from operations, capital gains proceeds from the sale of assets (including fund investments), non-capital gains proceeds from the sale of assets (including fund investments), as well as the costs of any leverage obtained by the Fund (including interest expenses on any reverse repurchase agreements, dollar rolls and borrowings and dividends payable on any preferred shares issued by the Fund), and expense reimbursements from the Adviser. The Fund has not established limits on the amount of funds the Fund may use from available sources to make distributions.

 

Each year a statement on IRS Form 1099-DIV (or successor form) identifying the character (e.g., as ordinary income, qualified dividend income or long-term capital gain) of the distributions will be mailed to Shareholders. The Fund’s distributions may exceed the Fund’s earnings, especially during the period before the Fund has substantially invested the proceeds from this offering. As a result, a portion of the distributions the Fund makes may represent a return of capital for U.S. federal tax purposes. A return of capital generally is a return of a Shareholder’s investment rather than a return of earnings or gains derived from the Fund’s investment activities and will be made after deduction of the fees and expenses payable in connection with the offering, including any fees payable to the Adviser. See “Certain Tax Considerations.” There can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to pay distributions at a specific rate or at all.

 

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The Fund intends to elect to be treated, and intends to qualify and to be treated each year, as a RIC under the Code. To qualify for and maintain RIC tax treatment, the Fund must, among other things, distribute at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code) and any net tax-exempt interest income for such year. A RIC may satisfy the 90% distribution requirement by distributing dividends (other than capital gain dividends) during the taxable year (including dividends declared in October, November or December of a taxable year that, if paid in the following January, are treated as paid by a RIC and received by its shareholders in the prior taxable year). In addition, a RIC may, in certain cases, satisfy the 90% distribution requirement by distributing dividends relating to a taxable year after the close of such taxable year under the “spillover dividend” provisions of the Code. If a RIC makes a spillover dividend the amounts will be included in IRS Form 1099-DIV for the year the spillover distribution is paid.

 

The Fund can offer no assurance that it will achieve results that will permit the Fund to pay any cash distributions. If the Fund issues senior securities, the Fund will be prohibited from making distributions if doing so causes the Fund to fail to maintain the asset coverage ratios stipulated by the 1940 Act or if distributions are limited by the terms of any of the Fund’s borrowings. See “Certain Tax Considerations.”

 

In the event that the Fund encounters delays in locating suitable investment opportunities, the Fund may return all or a substantial portion of the proceeds from the offering of Shares in anticipation of future cash flow, which may constitute a return of your capital and will lower your tax basis in your Shares.

 

The Board may change the Fund’s distribution policy and the amount or timing of distributions, based on a number of factors, including the amount of the Fund’s undistributed net investment income and net short- and long-term capital gains and historical and projected net investment income and net short- and long-term capital gains.

 

Dividend Reinvestment

 

Pursuant to the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan (the “Plan”), unless a Shareholder is ineligible or otherwise elects, all distributions of dividends (including capital gain dividends) with respect to a class of Shares will be automatically reinvested by the Fund in additional Shares of the corresponding class, which will be issued at the NAV per Share determined as of the ex-dividend date. Election not to reinvest dividends and to instead receive all dividends and capital gain distributions in cash may be made by contacting [to be updated by amendment] at [to be updated by amendment] or [to be updated by amendment]. Such written instructions must be received by the [to be updated by amendment] at least 1 business day prior to the record date of the distribution or the shareholder will receive such distribution in Shares through the Plan.

 

The Fund and the Administrator reserve the right to amend or terminate the Plan. There is no direct service charge to participants in the Plan; however, the Fund reserves the right to amend the Plan to include a service charge payable by the participants. Additional information about the Plan, as well as a copy of the full Plan itself, may be obtained from [to be updated by amendment] at [to be updated by amendment] or [to be updated by amendment].

 

Distributions are taxable as described herein whether Shareholders receive them in cash or reinvest them in additional Shares. See “Certain Tax Considerations.”

 

Outstanding Securities

 

As of [to be updated by amendment], the following number of Shares of the Fund was authorized for registration and outstanding:

 

(1) (2) (3) (4)
Title of Class Amount Authorized Amount Held by the Fund for its Account Amount Outstanding Exclusive of Amount Shown Under (3)
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest Unlimited N/A [to be updated by amendment]

 

Quarterly Repurchase Offers

 

The Fund is a closed-end interval fund and, to provide liquidity, makes quarterly offers to repurchase Shares. No shareholder will have the right to require the Fund to repurchase its Shares, except as permitted by the Fund’s policy. No public market for the Shares exists, and none is expected to develop in the future. Consequently, shareholders generally will not be able to liquidate their investment other than as a result of repurchases of their Shares by the Fund, and then only on a limited basis.

 

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The Fund has adopted, pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act, a fundamental policy, which cannot be changed without shareholder approval, requiring the Fund to offer to repurchase at least 5% and up to 25% of its outstanding Shares at the applicable NAV per Share on a quarterly basis. Although the policy permits repurchases of between 5% and 25% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares, for each quarterly repurchase offer, the Fund currently expects to offer to repurchase no less than 5% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares at the applicable NAV per Share, subject to approval of the Board.

 

Repurchase Dates. The Fund will make quarterly repurchase offers every quarter. As discussed below, the date on which the repurchase price for Shares is determined will occur no later than the fourteenth day after the Repurchase Request Deadline (or the next business day, if the fourteenth day is not a business day).

 

Repurchase Request Deadline. The date by which shareholders wishing to tender Shares for repurchase must respond to the repurchase offer (the “Repurchase Request Deadline”) will be at least twenty-one (21) and no more than forty-two (42) days following written notice to each shareholder setting forth, among other things:

 


The percentage of outstanding Shares that the Fund is offering to repurchase and how the Fund will purchase Shares on a pro rata basis if the offer is oversubscribed.

 


The date on which a shareholder’s repurchase request is due.

 


Any fees applicable to the repurchase.

 


The date that will be used to determine the NAV per Share of the respective Share class applicable to the repurchase offer (the “Repurchase Pricing Date”).

 


The date by which the Fund will pay to shareholders the proceeds from their Shares accepted for repurchase.

 


The NAV of the Shares as of a date no more than seven days before the date of the written notice and the means by which shareholders may ascertain the NAV per Share.

 


The procedures by which shareholders may tender their Shares and the right of shareholders to withdraw or modify their tenders before the Repurchase Request Deadline.

 


The circumstances in which the Fund may suspend or postpone the repurchase offer.

 

Shareholders that hold Shares through a financial intermediary will need to ask their financial intermediary to submit their repurchase requests and tender Shares on their behalf. The Repurchase Request Deadline will be strictly observed. If a Shareholder’s repurchase request is not submitted to the Fund’s transfer agent in properly completed form by the Repurchase Request Deadline, the Shareholder will be unable to sell his or her Shares to the Fund until a subsequent repurchase offer, and the Shareholder’s request for that offer must be resubmitted. If a Shareholder’s financial intermediary will submit his or her repurchase request, the Shareholder should submit his or her request to the financial intermediary in the form requested by the financial intermediary sufficiently in advance of the Repurchase Request Deadline to allow the financial intermediary to submit the request to the Fund. If a Shareholder’s financial intermediary is unable or fails to submit the Shareholder’s request to the Fund in a timely manner, or if the Shareholder fails to submit his or her request to the Shareholder’s financial intermediary, the Shareholder will be unable to sell his or her Shares to the Fund until a subsequent repurchase offer, and the Shareholder’s request for that offer must be resubmitted. Shareholders may withdraw or change a repurchase request with a proper instruction submitted in good form at any point before the Repurchase Request Deadline.

 

Determination of Repurchase Price and Payment for Shares. The Board, in its sole discretion, will determine the number of outstanding Shares that the Fund will offer to repurchase (the “Repurchase Offer Amount”) for a given Repurchase Request Deadline. The Repurchase Offer Amount, however, will be no less than 5% and no more than 25% of the total number of Shares outstanding on the Repurchase Request Deadline.

 

The Repurchase Pricing Date will occur no later than the fourteenth (14th) day after the Repurchase Request Deadline (or the next business day, if the fourteenth day is not a business day). The Fund expects to distribute payment to Shareholders between one (1) and three (3) business days after the Repurchase Pricing Date and will distribute such payment no later than seven (7) calendar days after such date. The Fund’s NAV per Share may change materially between the date a repurchase offer is mailed and the Repurchase Request Deadline, and it may also change materially between the Repurchase Request Deadline and Repurchase Pricing Date. The method by which the Fund calculates NAV is discussed below under “Net Asset Value.” During the period an offer to repurchase is open, Shareholders may obtain the current NAV by visiting the Fund’s website ([https://www.jackson.com/interval-funds.html]) or calling the Fund’s transfer agent, [to be updated by amendment].

 

Early Repurchase Fees. The Fund may charge an early repurchase fee of not more than 2.00%, if any, with respect to any repurchase of Shares from a Shareholder at any time prior to the day immediately preceding the one-year anniversary of the Shareholder’s purchase of the Shares. Shares tendered for repurchase will be treated as having been repurchased on a “first in-first out” basis. Therefore, Shares repurchased will be deemed to have been taken from the earliest purchase of Shares by such Shareholder (adjusted for subsequent net profits and net losses) until all such Shares have been repurchased, and then from each subsequent purchase of Shares by such Shareholder (adjusted for subsequent net profits and net losses) until such Shares are repurchased.

 

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The Early Repurchase Fee may be waived for certain categories of Shareholders or transactions. For example, the Early Repurchase Fee will be waived on repurchases of Shares (i) in the event of the Shareholder’s death or disability; (ii) that result from required minimum distributions taken from retirement accounts when the Shareholder reaches age 70½; (iii) that result from returns of excess contributions made to retirement plans or individual retirement accounts; (iv) to satisfy participant loan advances by employer sponsored retirement plans; and (v) in connection with distributions qualifying under the hardship provisions of the Code. Restrictions may apply to certain accounts and certain transactions. The Fund reserves the right to change these terms at any time. Any change will apply only to Shares purchased after the effective date of such change.

 

Other than the Early Repurchase Fee, the Fund does not presently intend to impose any charges on the repurchase of Shares. However, for repurchases of Shares not otherwise subject to an Early Repurchase Fee, the Fund is permitted to allocate Shareholders, whose Shares are repurchased, costs and charges imposed by the Private Funds and for which an Early Repurchase fee is not charged (e.g., because such repurchase occurred after the one year anniversary of the purchase of Shares) in an amount of up to 2.00%, in accordance with Rule 23c-3, if the Adviser determines to liquidate such interests as a result of repurchase tenders by Shareholders and such charges are imposed on the Fund. In the event that any such charges are allocated to the Fund, and subject to applicable law, the Fund may allocate such charges to the Shareholders whose repurchase tenders resulted in the repurchase of a portion of the Shares that resulted in such charges.

 

In the event that the Adviser or Sub-Adviser holds Shares in its capacity as a Shareholder, such Shares may be tendered for repurchase in connection with any repurchase offer made by the Fund, without notice to the other Shareholders.

 

Suspension or Postponement of Repurchase Offers. The Fund may suspend or postpone a repurchase offer only in limited circumstances set forth in Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act, as described below, and only with the approval of a majority of the Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Trustees. The Fund may suspend or postpone a repurchase offer only: (1) if making or effecting the repurchase offer would cause the Fund to lose its status as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code; (2) for any period during which the New York Stock Exchange or any other market in which the securities owned by the Fund are principally traded is closed, other than customary weekend and holiday closings, or during which trading in such market is restricted; (3) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal by the Fund of securities owned by it is not reasonably practicable, or during which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund fairly to determine the value of its net assets; or (4) for such other periods as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of shareholders of the Fund.

 

Oversubscribed Repurchase Offers. There is no minimum number of Shares that must be tendered before the Fund will honor repurchase requests. However, the Fund’s Trustees set for each repurchase offer a maximum percentage of Shares that may be repurchased by the Fund, which is currently expected to be no less than 5% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares. In the event a repurchase offer by the Fund is oversubscribed, the Fund may repurchase, but is not required to repurchase, additional Shares up to a maximum amount of 2% of the outstanding Shares of the Fund as of the Repurchase Request Deadline. If the Fund determines not to repurchase additional Shares beyond the repurchase offer amount, or if shareholders tender an amount of Shares greater than that which the Fund is entitled to repurchase, the Fund will repurchase the Shares tendered on a pro rata basis. However, the Fund may accept all Shares tendered for repurchase by shareholders who own less than one hundred Shares and who tender all of their Shares, before prorating other amounts tendered.

 

If any Shares that you wish to tender to the Fund are not repurchased because of proration, you will have to wait until the next repurchase offer and resubmit a new repurchase request, and your repurchase request will not be given any priority over other shareholders’ requests. Thus, there is a risk that the Fund may not purchase all of the Shares you wish to have repurchased in a given repurchase offer or in any subsequent repurchase offer. In anticipation of the possibility of proration, some shareholders may tender more Shares than they wish to have repurchased in a particular quarter, increasing the likelihood of proration.

 

There is no assurance that you will be able to tender your Shares when or in the amount that you desire.

 

Consequences of Repurchase Offers. From the time the Fund distributes or publishes each repurchase offer notification until the Repurchase Pricing Date for that offer, the Fund must maintain liquid assets at least equal to the percentage of its Shares subject to the repurchase offer. For this purpose, “liquid assets” means assets that may be sold or otherwise disposed of in the ordinary course of business, at approximately the price at which the Fund values them, within the period between the Repurchase Request Deadline and the repurchase payment deadline, or which mature by the repurchase payment deadline. The Fund is also permitted to borrow up to the maximum extent permitted under the 1940 Act to meet repurchase requests.

 

If the Fund borrows to finance repurchases, interest on that borrowing will negatively affect shareholders who do not tender their Shares by increasing the Fund’s expenses and reducing any net investment income. There is no assurance that the Fund will be able sell a significant amount of additional Shares so as to mitigate these effects.

 

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These and other possible risks associated with the Fund’s repurchase offers are described under “Principal Risks — Repurchase Offers Risk” above. In addition, the repurchase of Shares by the Fund will be a taxable event to shareholders, potentially even to those shareholders that do not participate in the repurchase. For a discussion of these tax consequences, see “Certain Tax Considerations” below and in the SAI.

 

Calculation of Net Asset Value; Valuation

 

The price of the Fund’s shares is based on its NAV. The NAV of the Fund’s shares is generally determined by the Adviser once each day on which the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open (a “Business Day”) at the close of the regular trading session of the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday). However, consistent with legal requirements, calculation of the Fund’s NAV may be suspended on days determined by the Board during times of NYSE market closure, which may include times during which the SEC issues policies or protocols associated with such closure pursuant to Section 22(e) of the 1940 Act. The NAV per share of the Fund is calculated by adding the value of all securities and other assets of the Fund, deducting its liabilities, and dividing by the number of shares outstanding. To the extent circumstances prevent the use of the primary calculation methodology previously described, the Adviser may use alternative methods to calculate the NAV. Generally, the value of exchange-listed or exchange-traded securities is based on their respective market prices, and fixed income securities are valued based on prices provided by an independent pricing service.

 

Domestic fixed-income and foreign securities are normally priced using data reflecting the closing of the principal markets or market participants for those securities, which may be earlier than the NYSE close. Information that becomes known to the Fund or its agents after the NAV has been calculated on a particular day will not normally be used to retroactively adjust the price of a security or the NAV determined earlier that day.

 

The Board, on behalf of the Fund, has designated to the Adviser the responsibility for carrying out certain functions relating to the valuation of portfolio securities for the purpose of determining the NAV of the Fund. Further, the Board has designated JNAM as the Valuation Designee. As the Valuation Designee, the Adviser has established a valuation committee and adopted procedures and guidelines pursuant to which the Adviser determines the “fair value” of a security for which market quotations are not readily available or are determined to be not reflective of market value. Under these procedures, the “fair value” of a security generally will be the amount, determined by the Adviser in good faith, that the owner of such security might reasonably expect to receive upon its current sale.

 

The Adviser has established a valuation committee to review fair value determinations pursuant to the Fund’s “Valuation Policies and Procedures” and “Valuation Guidelines.” The valuation committee will also review the value of restricted securities, securities and assets for which a current market price is not readily available, and securities and assets for which there is reason to believe that the most recent market price is not reflective of the market value (e.g., disorderly market transactions). In the event that the NYSE is closed unexpectedly or opens for trading but closes earlier than scheduled, the valuation committee will evaluate if trading activity on other U.S. exchanges and markets for equity securities is considered reflective of normal market activity. To the extent an NYSE closure is determined to be accompanied by a disruption of normal market activity, the valuation committee may utilize the time the NYSE closed for purposes of measuring and calculating the Fund’s NAV. To the extent an NYSE closure is determined to not have resulted in a disruption of normal market activity, the valuation committee may utilize the time the NYSE was scheduled to close for purposes of measuring and calculating the Fund’s NAV.

 

The Fund may invest in securities primarily listed on foreign exchanges and that trade on days when the Fund does not price its shares. As a result, the Fund’s NAV may change on days when shareholders are not able to purchase the Fund’s shares or have their shares repurchased by the Fund.

 

Fair value is determined in good faith for fixed-income and equity securities which are not publicly traded or for which market prices are not readily available (unquoted investments). In determining the fair values of these investments, the Valuation Committee typically applies widely recognized market and income valuation methodologies including, but not limited to, earnings and multiple analysis, discounted cash flow method and third-party valuations.


The Fund may also invest in interests or shares of private investment companies for which the net asset value is calculated in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and reported by the private investment company’s manager on a periodic basis. The Valuation Committee uses this net asset value to estimate the fair value of such interests or shares.
 

Because the calculation of the Fund’s NAV does not take place contemporaneously with the determination of the closing prices of the majority of foreign portfolio securities used in the calculation, there exists a risk that the value of foreign portfolio securities will change after the close of the exchange on which they are traded, but before calculation of the Fund’s NAV (“time-zone arbitrage”). Accordingly, the Fund’s procedures for valuing of portfolio securities also authorize the Adviser to determine the “fair value” of such foreign securities for purposes of calculating the Fund’s NAV. When fair valuing foreign equity securities, the Adviser adjusts the closing prices of foreign portfolio equity securities based upon pricing models provided by an independent pricing service in order to reflect the “fair value” of such securities for purposes of determining the Fund’s NAV. Foreign equity securities traded in North America and South America may be fair valued utilizing international adjustment factors in response to local market holidays, exchange closures, or other events as deemed necessary in order to reflect the “fair value” of such securities for purposes of determining the Fund’s NAV. These procedures seek to minimize the opportunities for “time zone arbitrage” in the Fund that invest all or substantial portions of its assets in foreign securities, thereby seeking to make the Fund significantly less attractive to “market timers” and other investors who might seek to profit from time zone arbitrage and seeking to reduce the potential for harm to other Fund investors resulting from such practices. However, these procedures may not completely eliminate opportunities for time zone arbitrage because it is not possible to predict in all circumstances whether post-closing events will have a significant impact on securities prices.

 

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The Adviser will “fair value” securities held by the Fund if it determines that a “significant event” has occurred. Under the Fund’s valuation procedures, a “significant event” affecting a single issuer might include, but is not limited to, an announcement by the issuer, a competitor, a creditor, a major holder of the issuer’s securities, a major customer or supplier, or a governmental, regulatory or self-regulatory authority relating to the issuer, the issuer’s products or services, or the issuer’s securities, and a “significant event” affecting multiple issuers might include, but is not limited to, a substantial price movement in other securities markets, an announcement by a governmental, regulatory or self-regulatory authority relating to securities markets, political or economic matters, or monetary or credit policies, a natural disaster such as an earthquake, flood or storm, or the outbreak of civil strife or military hostilities.

 

Certain Tax Considerations

 

The following is a general summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to the Fund and to an investment in Shares by a U.S. Shareholder. This summary does not discuss all of the tax consequences that may be relevant to a particular investor; the tax consequences under other tax laws and to non-U.S. Shareholders may differ. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors as to the possible application of federal, state, local or non-U.S. income tax laws. Please see the SAI for additional information regarding the tax aspects of investing in the Fund.

 

Taxation as a Regulated Investment Company. The Fund intends to elect to be treated, and intends to qualify as and to be treated each year, as a RIC under the Code. A RIC is not subject to U.S. federal income tax at the corporate level on income and gains from investments that are distributed to shareholders. The Fund’s failure to qualify as a RIC would result in corporate-level taxation, thereby reducing the return on a Shareholder’s investment.

 

Taxation of Fund Distributions. A Shareholder subject to U.S. federal income tax will generally be subject to tax on Fund distributions. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, Fund distributions will generally be taxable to a Shareholder as either ordinary income or capital gains. Fund dividends consisting of distributions of investment income generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Federal taxes on Fund distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the Fund owned or is deemed to have owned the investments that generated the capital gains, rather than how long a Shareholder has owned the Shares. Distributions of net capital gains (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses, in each case determined with reference to any loss carryforwards) that are properly reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends generally will be treated as long-term capital gains includible in a shareholder’s net capital gains and taxed to individuals at reduced rates. Distributions of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses generally will be taxable to Shareholders as ordinary income.

 

The Code generally imposes a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on the ‘‘net investment income’’ of certain individuals, trusts and estates to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. Net investment income generally includes for this purpose dividends paid by the Fund, including any capital gain dividends, and including net capital gains recognized on the sale, redemption or exchange of Shares of the Fund. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in the Fund.

 

The ultimate tax characterization of the Fund’s distributions made in a taxable year cannot be determined finally until after the end of that taxable year. As a result, there is a possibility that the Fund may make total distributions during a taxable year in an amount that exceeds the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits. In that case, the excess generally would be treated as return of capital and would reduce a Shareholder’s tax basis in the applicable Shares, with any amounts exceeding such basis treated as gain from the sale of such Shares. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a Shareholder’s tax basis in the Shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the Shareholder of the Shares.

 

Fund distributions are taxable to Shareholders as described above even if they are paid from income or gains earned by the Fund before a Shareholder’s investment (and thus were included in the price the Shareholder paid).

 

Certain Fund Investments. The Fund’s transactions in foreign currencies, foreign-currency denominated debt obligations, derivatives, short sales, or similar or related transactions could affect the amount, timing and character of distributions from the Fund, and could increase the amount and accelerate the timing for payment of taxes payable by Shareholders. The Fund’s investments in certain debt instruments could cause the Fund to recognize taxable income in excess of the cash generated by such investments (which may require the Fund to sell or otherwise dispose of other investments in order to make required distributions).


Certain Investments in REITs. Any investment by the Fund in equity securities of REITs may result in the Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings; if the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Fund Shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Investments in REIT equity securities also may require the Fund to accrue and to distribute income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, the Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. Dividends received by the Fund from a REIT generally will not constitute qualified dividend income.
Distributions by the Fund to its Shareholders that the Fund properly reports as “section 199A dividends,” as defined and subject to certain conditions described below, are treated as qualified REIT dividends in the hands of non-corporate Shareholders. Non-corporate Shareholders are permitted a federal income tax deduction equal to 20% of qualified REIT dividends received by them, subject to certain limitations. Very generally, a “section 199A dividend” is any dividend or portion thereof that is attributable to certain dividends received by a RIC from REITs to the extent such dividends are properly reported as such by the RIC in a written notice to its shareholders. A section 199A dividend is treated as a qualified REIT dividend only if the shareholder receiving such dividend holds the dividend-paying RIC shares for at least 46 days of the 91-day period beginning 45 days before the shares become ex-dividend, and is not under an obligation to make related payments with respect to a position in substantially similar or related property. The Fund is permitted to report such part of its dividends as section 199A dividends as are eligible, but is not required to do so.

 

Foreign Taxes. Income received by the Fund from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by such countries, which will reduce the return on those investments. If, at the close of its taxable year, more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets consists of securities of foreign corporations or foreign governments, the Fund will be permitted to make an election under the Code that would allow Shareholders a deduction or credit for foreign taxes. If the Fund does not qualify for or chooses not to make such an election, Shareholders will not be entitled to claim a credit or deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to foreign taxes paid by the Fund; in that case the foreign tax will nonetheless reduce the Fund’s yield on such investments. Even if the Fund elects to pass through to its Shareholders foreign tax credits or deductions, tax-exempt Shareholders and those who invest in the Fund through tax-advantaged accounts such as IRAs will not benefit from any such tax credit or deduction. In addition, even if the Fund qualifies to make such an election for any year, it may determine not to do so. The Fund’s investments in non-U.S. securities or foreign currencies may also increase or accelerate the Fund’s recognition of ordinary income and may affect the timing or amount of the Fund’s distributions.

 

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Sales, Exchanges or Repurchases of Shares. Any gain resulting from the disposition of Shares that is treated as a sale or exchange for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally will be taxable to Shareholders as capital gains for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

Shareholders who offer and are able to sell all of the Shares they hold or are deemed to hold in response to a repurchase offer (as described above) generally will be treated as having sold their Shares and generally will recognize a capital gain or loss. In the case of Shareholders who tender or are able to sell fewer than all of their Shares, it is possible that any amounts that the Shareholder receives in such repurchase will be taxable as a dividend to such Shareholder. In addition, there is a risk that Shareholders who do not tender any of their Shares for repurchase, or whose percentage interest in the Fund otherwise increases as a result of the repurchase offer, will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having received a taxable dividend distribution as a result of their proportionate increase in the ownership of the Fund. The Fund’s use of cash to repurchase Shares could adversely affect its ability to satisfy the distribution requirements for treatment as a regulated investment company. The Fund could also recognize income in connection with its sale or other disposal of portfolio securities to fund Share repurchases. Any such income would be taken into account in determining whether such distribution requirements are satisfied.

 

Backup Withholding. The Fund is generally required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of the taxable distributions and repurchase proceeds paid to any Shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number, who has under-reported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify to the Fund that he, she or it is not subject to such withholding.

 

* * * * *

 

THE TAX AND OTHER MATTERS DESCRIBED IN THIS PROSPECTUS DO NOT CONSTITUTE, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED AS, LEGAL OR TAX ADVICE TO PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS. EACH SHAREHOLDER SHOULD CONSULT ITS TAX ADVISER AS TO THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NON-U.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF SHARES, INCLUDING APPLICABLE TAX REPORTING OBLIGATIONS.

 

ERISA Considerations

 

Persons who are fiduciaries with respect to an employee benefit plan or other arrangement subject to ERISA (an “ERISA Plan”), and persons who are fiduciaries with respect to an IRA, Keogh plan or other plan which is not subject to ERISA but is subject to the prohibited transaction rules of Section 4975 of the Code (together with ERISA Plans, “Plans”) should consider, among other things, the matters described below before determining whether to invest in the Fund.

 

ERISA imposes certain general and specific responsibilities on persons who are fiduciaries with respect to an ERISA Plan, including prudence, diversification, an obligation not to engage in a prohibited transaction and other standards. In determining whether a particular investment is appropriate for an ERISA Plan, Department of Labor (“DOL”) regulations provide that a fiduciary of an ERISA Plan must give appropriate consideration to, among other things, the role that the investment plays in the ERISA Plan’s portfolio, taking into consideration whether the investment is designed reasonably to further the ERISA Plan’s purposes, an examination of the risk and return factors, the portfolio’s composition with regard to diversification, the liquidity and current return of the total portfolio relative to the anticipated cash flow needs of the ERISA Plan, and the projected return of the total portfolio relative to the ERISA Plan’s funding objectives. Before investing the assets of an ERISA Plan in the Fund, a fiduciary should determine whether such an investment is consistent with its fiduciary responsibilities and the foregoing regulations. For example, a fiduciary should consider whether an investment in the Fund may be too illiquid or too speculative for a particular ERISA Plan, and whether the assets of the ERISA Plan would be sufficiently diversified. If a fiduciary with respect to any such ERISA Plan breaches its responsibilities with regard to selecting an investment or an investment course of action for such ERISA Plan, the fiduciary itself may be held liable for losses incurred by the ERISA Plan as a result of such breach.

 

DOL Regulations at 29 CFR 2510.3-101, as amended by Section 3(42) of ERISA (the “Plan Asset Regulations”) concern whether investment by a plan in an entity will result in the assets of the entity being deemed “plan assets” and therefore subject to ERISA. The Plan Asset Regulations contain a general rule that when an “employee benefit plan” subject to ERISA invests in an entity, and the interest acquired by the plan is neither a publicly offered security nor a security issued by a registered investment company, the plan’s assets include both its interest in the entity and an undivided interest in each of the underlying assets of the entity, unless an exception applies. Because the Fund is registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act, the underlying assets of the Fund will not be considered to be the assets of any Plan investing in the Fund for purposes of the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction rules under ERISA and/or the Code. Thus, it is not intended that the Adviser will be a fiduciary within the meaning of ERISA by reason of its authority with respect to the assets of the Fund.

 

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The Adviser will require a Plan which proposes to invest in the Fund to represent that it and any fiduciaries responsible for such Plan’s investments are aware of and understand the Fund’s investment objective, policies and strategies, and that the decision to invest plan assets in the Fund was made with appropriate consideration of relevant investment factors with regard to the Plan and is consistent with the duties and responsibilities imposed upon fiduciaries with regard to their investment decisions under ERISA and/or the Code.

 

Certain prospective Shareholders that are Plans may currently maintain relationships with the Adviser or other entities which are affiliated with the Adviser. Each of such persons may be deemed to be a “party in interest” under ERISA (or “disqualified person” under Section 4975 of the Code) to and/or a fiduciary (under ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code) of any Plan to which it provides investment management, investment advisory or other services. ERISA and the Code prohibit the use of Plan assets for the benefit of a party in interest (or disqualified person) and also prohibit a Plan fiduciary from using its position to cause such Plan to make an investment from which it or certain third parties in which such fiduciary has an interest would receive a fee or other consideration. Shareholders that are Plans should consult with counsel to determine if participation in the Fund is a prohibited transaction under ERISA or the Code. A nonexempt prohibited transaction could result in significant penalties, liabilities, excise taxes or other adverse consequences to the relevant fiduciary, party in interest or disqualified person, as applicable. Fiduciaries of Shareholders that are Plans will be required to represent that the decision to invest in the Fund was made by fiduciaries that are independent of such affiliated persons, that such fiduciaries are duly authorized to make such investment decision and that they have not relied on any individualized advice or recommendation of such affiliated persons as a primary basis for the decision to invest in the Fund, unless such purchase and holding is pursuant to an applicable exemption.

 

Employee benefit plans which are not subject to ERISA, such as governmental plans, church plans and plans maintained outside of the United States, may be subject to other rules governing such plans. Fiduciaries of these plans, whether or not subject to ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, should consult with their own legal advisors regarding such matters.

 

The provisions of ERISA and the Code are subject to extensive and continuing administrative and judicial interpretation and review. The discussion of ERISA and the Code contained in this Prospectus is general and may be affected by future publication of regulations and rulings. Potential Shareholders that are Plans should consult their legal advisors regarding the consequences under ERISA and the Code of the acquisition and ownership of Shares.

 

Description of Shares

 

The Fund has received exemptive relief from the SEC that would permit the Fund to offer more than one class of Shares. Under the order, the Fund is authorized to offer two separate classes of Shares designated as Class A Shares and Class I Shares. While the Fund presently plans to offer two classes of Shares, it may offer other classes of Shares as well in the future. From time to time, subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act, the Board may create and offer additional classes of Shares, or may vary the characteristics of the Class A Shares and Class I Shares described herein, including without limitation, in the following respects: (1) the amount of fees permitted by a shareholder servicing plan as to such class; (2) different class designations; (3) the impact of any class expenses directly attributable to a particular class of Shares; (4) differences in any dividends and net asset values resulting from differences in class expenses; (6) any conversion features, as permitted under the 1940 Act.

 

All Shares have equal rights as to dividends, assets and voting privileges and have no conversion, pre-emptive or other subscription rights. Shareholders are not liable for further calls or assessments. The Fund does not intend to hold annual meetings of Shareholders. If the Fund does hold a meeting of Shareholders, Shares of the Fund entitle their holders to one vote for each Share held; however, separate votes are taken by each class of Shares on matters affecting an individual class of Shares. Each fractional Share shall be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote, except as otherwise provided by the Declaration of Trust, Bylaws, or required by applicable law.

 

As of the date of this Prospectus, Class A Shares are not currently offered to investors.


Purchasing Shares

 

Purchase Terms. The Fund generally is available for purchase only by residents of the United States, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The minimum initial investment in the Fund is $[to be updated by amendment] for Class A Shares and $[to be updated by amendment] for Class I Shares, and the minimum additional investment in the Fund is $[to be updated by amendment] for each class of Shares. For Shares purchased through a financial intermediary, when determining whether an investor meets the applicable investment minimums, the value of any Shares being purchased may be combined with the value of any Shares of the same class that were purchased or will be purchased within six months from the initial purchase for Class A Shares and Class I Shares by any investor through such intermediary, provided such intermediary enters into the requisite letter of intent; provided, however, that the minimum amount purchased by any investor is at least $[to be updated by amendment].

 

41

 

 

The stated investment minimums may be waived for investments by current or retired officers and Trustees of the Fund, as well as their family members; current or retired officers, principals, employees and members of the Adviser and affiliated companies of the Adviser; the immediate family members of any such officer, principal, employee or Adviser Board member (including parents, grandparents, spouses, children, grandchildren, siblings, fathers/mothers-in-law, sisters/brothers-in-law, daughters/sons-in-law, nieces, nephews, and domestic partners); and a trust or plan established primarily for the benefit of any of the foregoing persons. In addition, the stated investment minimums may be reduced by the Fund in the discretion of the Adviser based on consideration of various factors, including the Shareholder’s overall relationship with the Adviser and such other matters as the Adviser may consider relevant at the time. As noted above, the Fund may aggregate the accounts of clients of registered investment advisers and other financial intermediaries whose clients invest in the Fund for purposes of determining satisfaction of minimum investment amounts.

 

As discussed above, as of the date of this Prospectus, Class A Shares are not currently offered to investors.

 

Class A Shares will be sold at the public offering price, which is the NAV plus an initial maximum sales charge, which varies with the amount you invest as shown in the following chart. This means that part of your investment in the Fund will be used to pay the sales charge. A reallowance to participating broker-dealers will be made by the Distributor from the sales load paid by each investor. A portion of the sales load, up to [0.75]%, is paid to the Fund’s dealer manager, JNLD, (the “Dealer Manager Fee”). The following sales loads apply to your purchases of shares of the Fund:

 

Class A Shares — Sales Charge Schedule

 

Amount Purchased Dealer Reallowance as a % of Offering Price Dealer Manager Fee as a % of Offering Price Front-End Sales Charge as a % of Offering Price Front-End Sales Charge as a % of Amount Invested
Under $100,000 5.00% 0.75% 5.75% 6.10%
$100,000 – $249,999 4.00% 0.75% 4.75% 4.99%
$250,000 - $499,999 3.00% 0.75% 3.75% 3.90%
$500,000 – $999,999 2.00% 0.50% 2.50% 2.56%
$1 million or more None None None None

 

Shares will generally be offered on each business day, except that Shares may be offered more or less frequently as determined by the Board in its sole discretion.

 

Except as otherwise permitted by the Board, initial and subsequent subscriptions to purchase Shares must be accompanied by payment in cash. The Fund or an investor’s financial intermediary must receive a subscription to purchase Shares and the accompanying payment no later than the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time) in order for the subscription to be effected at that day’s NAV. The Fund reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to accept or reject any subscription to purchase Shares in the Fund at any time. Although the Fund may, in its sole discretion, elect to accept a subscription prior to receipt of cleared funds, an investor will not become a Shareholder until cleared funds have been received.

 

Pending any offering, funds received from prospective investors will be placed in an account with the transfer agent. On the date of any closing, the balance in the account with respect to each investor whose investment is accepted will be invested in the Fund on behalf of such investor. Any interest earned with respect to such account will be paid to the Fund and allocated pro rata among Shareholders.

 

Summary of the Declaration of Trust

 

The Fund is a statutory trust established under the laws of Commonwealth of Massachusetts by the Declaration of Trust dated November 29, 2023. The Fund’s Declaration of Trust authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest without par value. The Declaration of Trust provides that the Trustees may authorize separate series or classes of shares of beneficial interest of the Fund. All shares of a class have equal rights to the payment of dividends and other distributions and the distribution of assets upon liquidation. Shares are, when issued, fully paid and non-assessable by the Fund and have no pre-emptive or conversion rights or rights to cumulative voting. The Board may from time to time, without a vote of shareholders or any class, divide or combine the shares (without thereby materially changing the proportionate beneficial interest of the shares or a class in the assets held with respect to the Fund or such class), classify or reclassify any unissued shares or shares previously issued and reacquired into shares of one or more classes.

 

42

 

 

Shareholders of a class of shares are entitled to share in proportion to the number of shares of such class held in dividends declared by the Board payable to holders of such class of shares and in the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to holders of such class of shares upon liquidation after payment of the preferential amounts payable to holders of any outstanding preferred shares.

 

The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification out of Fund property for all loss and expense of any shareholder or former shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund solely by reason of such person’s status as a shareholder or former shareholder. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Fund would be unable to meet its obligations.

 

Shareholders have no pre-emptive or conversion rights. Upon liquidation of the Fund, after paying or adequately providing for the payment of all liabilities of the Fund and the liquidation preference with respect to any outstanding preferred shares, and upon receipt of such releases, indemnities and refunding agreements as they deem necessary for their protection, the Trustees may distribute the remaining assets of the Fund among the classes of shares of the Fund in accordance with the NAV of such classes.

 

The Board may determine the designations, preferences, privileges, payment obligations, limitations and rights, including voting and dividend rights, with respect to each class of shares. Any such determination will comply with the provisions of the Declaration of Trust and the 1940 Act.

 

If you purchase shares of the Fund, you will become bound by the terms and conditions of the Declaration of Trust.

 

The Trustees are elected for indefinite terms and do not stand for reelection. A Trustee may be removed from office without cause only by a written instrument signed or adopted by a majority of the remaining Trustees or by a vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the class of shares of the Fund that are entitled to elect a Trustee and that are entitled to vote on the matter. The Declaration of Trust does not contain any other specific inhibiting provisions that would operate only with respect to an extraordinary transaction such as a merger, reorganization, tender offer, sale or transfer of substantially all of the Fund’s assets or liquidation. Reference should be made to the Declaration of Trust on file with the SEC for the full text of these provisions.

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

The Board has selected [to be updated by amendment], as independent registered public accountants for the Fund.

 

Legal Counsel

 

[to be updated by amendment], serves as counsel to the Fund and the Independent Trustees of the Fund.

 

Inquiries

 

Inquiries concerning the Fund and the Shares (including procedures for purchasing Shares) should be directed to: [to be updated by amendment] or [to be updated by amendment].

 

43

 

 

Privacy Notice

 

Jackson Real Assets Fund ("JRAF")

and

Jackson National Asset Management, LLC (“JNAM”)

 

Financial companies choose how they share your personal information. Federal law also requires us to tell you how we collect, share, and protect your personal information.

 

What We Do With Your Personal Information

 

In order to provide financial products and services to you, we must collect certain personal information. The types of information we collect depend on the product or service you are interested in. This information may include your name, address, email address and telephone number along with your date of birth, social security number and financial information.

 

Most of the information we collect about you comes directly from your application. In order to supplement that information, we may collect information about you from other sources too, such as:

 


Written, electronic, telephone and other communications from you; and

Consumer reporting agencies.

 

For JRAF and JNAM, the privacy and security of your personal information is a top priority. In order to run our business and provide our services to you, there are occasions where we may share your personal information, as allowed by law. For example, we may share your personal information with third parties to perform services such as establishing, maintaining, or transferring your account or responding to court orders and legal investigations. In addition, we may share your personal information with JNAM's affiliated companies, including Jackson National Life Insurance Company (“Jackson”) and Jackson National Life Distributors LLC (“JNLD”), for their everyday business purposes. These include securing your information, processing transactions, and maintaining the subaccounts associated with Jackson's products. 

 

Federal law gives you the right to limit only:

 


sharing for affiliates' everyday business purposes—information about your creditworthiness.

affiliates from using certain information to market to you.

sharing for nonaffiliates to market to you.

 

We do not share your personal information with any company for joint marketing or permit them to market their own products to you. State laws and individual companies may give you additional rights to limit sharing.

 

How We Protect Your Personal Information

 

We have implemented an Information Security program, operated by experienced professionals who strive to protect the integrity of our systems and applications. We maintain strict control over access to your personal information and only allow access to our employees, for legitimate business reasons.

 

We also require our third parties to protect your personal information and we limit their ability to use your personal information for any purpose other than the work they are doing on our behalf or as required by law.

 

If you have any questions about this Privacy Notice, please contact us at 1-312-730-9707.

 

44

 

 

 


 

The information in this Statement of Additional Information is not complete and
may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration
statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This
Statement of Additional Information, which is not a prospectus, is not an offer to
sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in
any state or jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

[SUBJECT TO COMPLETION]

 

PRELIMINARY STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

DATED [  , 2024]

 

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

[to be updated by amendment]

 

JACKSON REAL ASSETS FUND

 

Class A Shares [(   )]

Class I Shares [(   )]

 

Jackson Real Assets Fund (the “Fund”) is a Massachusetts business trust that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Fund operates as an interval fund pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act.

 

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. It contains information in addition to and more detailed than set forth in the Prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus dated [to be updated by amendment], as supplemented from time to time (“Prospectus”), of the Fund.

 

This SAI is not an offer to sell shares of the Fund (“Shares”) and is not soliciting an offer to buy the Shares in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Jackson National Asset Management, LLC (“JNAM” or the “Adviser”), located at 1 Corporate Way, Lansing, Michigan 48951, serves as the investment adviser of the Fund. [to be updated by amendment] (each a "Sub-Adviser"), serve as the Sub-Advisers of the Fund. 

 

A copy of the Prospectus and annual or semi-annual reports for the Fund may be obtained, when available, free of charge at the telephone number and address listed below or by visiting https://www.jackson.com/interval-funds.html.

 

Jackson Real Assets Fund

[to be updated by amendment]

Telephone: [to be updated by amendment]

 

 

 

 

table of contents

 

The Fund 1
Investment Policies and Practices 1
Distribution of Fund Shares 29
Repurchase of Common Shares 30
Trustees and Officers of the Fund 31
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage Allocation 40
Administrator 41
Transfer Agent 42
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm; Legal Counsel 42
Custodian and Dividend Disbursement Agent 42
Calculation of Net Asset Value; Valuation 42
Tax Considerations 43
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures 56
Control Persons and Principal Shareholders 56
Registration Statement 56
Financial Statements 56
Appendix A – Proxy Procedures A-1

 

 

 

 

THE FUND

 

The Fund is a newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act. The Fund continuously offers its shares and is operated as an “interval fund.” The Fund was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on November 29, 2023, pursuant to the Declaration of Trust. The Fund’s fiscal year ends on March 31. The Fund’s principal office is located at 1 Corporate Way, Lansing, Michigan 48951. The Fund has received exemptive relief from the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) that permits the Fund to offer more than one class of shares. Under the order, the Fund will be authorized to issue two separate classes of shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”) designated as Class A Shares and Class I Shares, and the Fund may offer additional classes of Shares in the future. As of the date of this SAI, Class I Shares are the only class offered for purchase. An investment in the Fund may not be appropriate for all investors.

 

[to be updated by amendment]

 

INVESTMENT POLICIES AND Practices

 

The investment objective and principal investment strategies of the Fund, as well as the principal risks associated with the Fund’s investment strategies, are set forth in the Prospectus. See “Investment Objective and Strategies” and “Principal Risks” in the Prospectus.  Certain additional investment information is set forth below.

 

[to be updated by amendment]

 

Fundamental Policies

 

The Fund’s fundamental policies, which are listed below, may not be changed without the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. As defined by the 1940 Act, the vote of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund” means the vote, at an annual or special meeting of the shareholders of the Fund (the “Shareholders”), duly called, (i) of 67% or more of the Shares represented at such meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding Shares are present in person or represented by proxy or (ii) of more than 50% of the outstanding Shares, whichever is less. Within the limits of the fundamental policies of the Fund, the management of the Fund has reserved freedom of action.

 

The Fund:

 

(1)       May issue senior securities to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, or the rules or regulations thereunder, as such statute, rules, or regulations may be amended from time to time, or by regulatory guidance or interpretations of, or any exemptive order or other relief issued by the SEC or any successor organization or their staff under, such Act, rules, or regulations.

 

(2)       May borrow money to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, or the rules or regulations thereunder, as such statute, rules, or regulations may be amended from time to time, or by regulatory guidance or interpretations of, or any exemptive order or other relief issued by the SEC or any successor organization or their staff under, such Act, rules, or regulations.

 

(3)       May make loans to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, or the rules or regulations thereunder, as such statute, rules, or regulations may be amended from time to time, or by regulatory guidance or interpretations of, or any exemptive order or other relief issued by the SEC or any successor organization or their staff under, such Act, rules, or regulations.

 

(4)       May underwrite securities to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, or the rules or regulations thereunder, as such statute, rules, or regulations may be amended from time to time, or by regulatory guidance or interpretations of, or any exemptive order or other relief issued by the SEC or any successor organization or their staff under, such Act, rules, or regulations.

 

1 

 

 

(5)       May purchase and sell commodities to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, or the rules or regulations thereunder, as such statute, rules, or regulations may be amended from time to time, or by regulatory guidance or interpretations of, or any exemptive order or other relief issued by the SEC or any successor organization or their staff under, such Act, rules, or regulations.

 

(6)       May purchase, sell or hold real estate to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, or the rules or regulations thereunder, as such statute, rules, or regulations may be amended from time to time, or by regulatory guidance or interpretations of, or any exemptive order or other relief issued by the SEC or any successor organization or their staff under, such Act, rules, or regulations.

 

(7)       May not concentrate investments in a particular industry or group of industries, except that the Fund may concentrate its investments in real estate and infrastructure-related industries, as concentration is defined or interpreted under the 1940 Act, and the rules, and regulations thereunder, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended from time to time, and under regulatory guidance or interpretations of such Act, rules, or regulations.

 

Any restriction on investments or use of assets, including, but not limited to, market capitalization, geographic, rating and/or any other percentage restrictions, set forth in this SAI or the Fund’s Prospectus shall be measured only at the time of investment, and any subsequent change, whether in the value, market capitalization, rating, percentage held or otherwise, will not constitute a violation of the restriction, other than with respect to investment restriction (2) above related to borrowings by the Fund.

 

The Fund’s investment policies and restrictions apply only to investments made by the Fund directly (or any account consisting solely of the Fund’s assets) and do not apply to the activities and the transactions of any Private Funds in which the Fund may invest.

 

In addition, the Fund has adopted the following fundamental policies with respect to repurchase offers, which may not be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities:

 

(a)       The Fund will make quarterly repurchase offers pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, subject to any regulatory guidance or interpretations of, or any exemptive order or other relief issued by the SEC or any successor organization or their staff under, such rule.

 

(b)       The Fund will repurchase Shares that are tendered by a specific date (the “Repurchase Request Deadline”), which will be established by the Board of Trustees of the Fund (the “Board”) in accordance with Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act, as amended from time to time, subject to any regulatory guidance or interpretations of, or any exemptive order or other relief issued by the SEC or any successor organization or their staff under, such rule.

 

(c)       The date on which the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per Share applicable to a repurchase offer is calculated will occur no later than fourteen (14) days after the Repurchase Request Deadline (or the next business day if the fourteenth calendar day is not a business day).

 

Non-Fundamental Operating Policy. The Fund has also adopted non-fundamental investment restriction. This restriction is an operating policy of the Fund and may be changed by the Board upon 60 days’ advanced notice to shareholders and without Shareholder approval. The additional investment restriction adopted by the Board to date includes the following:

 


(1) Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its total assets (net assets plus the amount of any borrowings made for investment purposes) in a portfolio of public and private investments in the United States and globally in investments that provide exposure to the following real asset classes: (i) real estate, (ii) infrastructure, and (iii) natural capital, including but not limited to, agriculture, farmland, and timberland (collectively, “Real Asset Investments”).

 

2 

 

 

[to be updated by amendment]

 

Additional Information on Investment Techniques of the Fund and Related Risks

 

Agriculture Sector. Investments related to agriculture and farmland are subject to various risks, including adverse changes in national or international economic conditions, adverse local market conditions, adverse natural conditions (such as storms, floods, drought, windstorms, hail, temperature extremes, frosts, soil erosion, infestations and blights), failure of irrigation or other mechanical systems used to cultivate land, financial conditions of tenants, marketability of any particular kind of crop that may be influenced, among other things, by changing consumer tastes and preferences), import and export restrictions or tariffs, casualty or condemnation losses, government subsidy or production programs, buyers and sellers of properties, availability of excess supply of property relative to demand, changes in availability of debt financing, changes in interest rates, real estate tax rates and other operating expenses, environmental laws and regulations, governmental regulation of and risks associated with the use of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals used in commercial agriculture, zoning laws and other governmental rules and fiscal policies, energy prices, changes in the relative popularity of properties, risk due to dependence on cash flow, as well as acts of God, uninsurable losses and other factors which are beyond the control of a Private Fund.

 

Generally, investments in agriculture and farmland are illiquid in nature. The ability of the Fund to vary its agriculture and farmland investments in response to changes in economic and other conditions will be limited. The Fund may be unable to realize its investment objectives through sale or disposition of a property at an attractive price or within any given period of time or may otherwise be unable to complete any exit strategy.

 

In connection with its direct or indirect ownership, management and, development of agriculture or farmland property, the Fund could be considered an owner or operator of the property and may be liable for certain environmental liabilities, including removal or remediation costs, as well as certain other potential costs relating to such hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum products. In particular, investors should be aware that commercial agriculture operators typically utilize fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and other chemicals, and that the Fund will invest in properties where such materials have been used and lease such properties to operators who will use such materials.

 

Asset-Backed Securities. A Fund may invest in asset-backed securities, which include mortgage-backed securities. Asset-backed securities represent interests in pools of assets which are backed by assets such as, but not exclusively, installment sales contracts, credit card receivables, automobile loans and leases, equipment sales/lease contracts, obligation trusts, and commercial and residential mortgages and most are structured as pass-through securities. The credit quality of most asset-backed securities depends primarily on the credit quality of the assets underlying such securities, how well the entity issuing the security is insulated from the credit risk of the originator or any other affiliated entities, and the amount and quality of any credit support provided to the securities. The rate of principal payment on asset-backed securities generally depends on the rate of principal payments received on the underlying assets, which in turn may be affected by a variety of economic and other factors. During periods of deteriorating economic conditions, such as recessions or periods of rising unemployment, delinquencies and losses generally increase, sometimes dramatically, with respect to securitizations involving loans, sales contracts, receivables and other obligations underlying asset-backed securities. The effects of COVID-19, and governmental responses to the effects of the pandemic may result in increased delinquencies and losses and may have other, potentially unanticipated, adverse effects on such investments and the markets for those investments. As a result, the yield on any asset-backed security is difficult to predict with precision and actual yield to maturity may be more or less than the anticipated yield to maturity. The Adviser and Sub-Advisers consider estimated prepayment rates in calculating the average weighted maturities of the Fund. Unscheduled prepayments are more likely to accelerate during periods of declining long-term interest rates. In the event of a prepayment during a period of declining interest rates, a Fund may be required to invest the unanticipated proceeds at a lower interest rate. Prepayments during such periods will also limit a Fund’s ability to participate in as large a market gain as may be experienced with a comparable security not subject to prepayment.

 

Asset-backed securities may be classified as pass-through certificates or collateralized obligations. Pass-through certificates are asset-backed securities that represent an undivided fractional ownership interest in an underlying pool of assets. Pass-through certificates usually provide for payments of principal and interest received to be passed through to their holders, usually after deduction for certain costs and expenses incurred in administering the pool. Because pass-through certificates represent an ownership interest in the underlying assets, the holders thereof directly bear the risk of any defaults by the obligors on the underlying assets not covered by any credit support.

 

Asset-backed securities issued in the form of debt instruments, also known as collateralized obligations, are generally issued as the debt of a special purpose entity organized solely for the purpose of owning such assets and issuing such debt. Such assets are most often trade, credit card or automobile receivables. The assets collateralizing such asset-backed securities are pledged to a trustee or custodian for the benefit of the holders hereof. Such issuers generally hold no assets other than those underlying the asset-backed securities and any credit support provided. As a result, although payments on such asset-backed securities are obligations of the issuers, in the event of defaults on the underlying assets not covered by any credit support, the issuing entities are unlikely to have sufficient assets to satisfy their obligations on the related asset-backed securities.

 

3 

 

 

If a Fund purchases an asset-backed security at a premium, that portion may be lost if there is a decline in the market value of the security whether resulting from changes in interest rates or prepayments in the underlying collateral. As with other interest-bearing securities, the prices of such securities are inversely affected by changes in interest rates. However, though the value of an asset-backed security may decline when interest rates rise, the converse is not necessarily true. As noted above, interest rate changes also affect prepayments, which in turn affect the yield on asset-backed securities. For these and other reasons, an asset-backed security’s average maturity may be shortened or lengthened as a result of interest rate fluctuations and, therefore, it is not possible to predict accurately the security’s return. Asset-backed securities may, at times, be illiquid securities.

 

Asset Allocation Risk. The Fund is subject to the risk that the Adviser's or a Sub-Adviser’s selection and weighting of asset classes and strategies may cause the Fund to fail to meet its investment objective, cause the Fund to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective or cause an investor to lose money.

 

Bank Loans, Term Loans, Fixed and Floating Rate Loans. A Fund may invest in fixed- and floating-rate loans (“Loans”) arranged through private negotiations between a corporate borrower or a foreign sovereign entity and one or more financial institutions (“Lenders”). Loans are typically variable-rate loans made by financial institutions to companies that are generally considered to have low credit quality. Borrowers enter into these Loans to raise capital for several reasons, including, recapitalizations, debt refinancing, or to make acquisitions. Loans are called “floating-rate” because the interest paid on the loans adjusts periodically, usually every 30-90 days, based on fluctuations in widely accepted reference rates, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus a predetermined credit spread over the reference rate. The Loans are typically classified as senior debt, and are usually collateralized by specific assets, like the borrower's inventory, receivables or real property. Loans are usually senior to bondholders, preferred stock holders and common stock holders in the borrower's capital structure. 


Loans are arranged through private negotiations between a borrower and one or more Lenders. The Lenders are represented by an agent(s) that is typically a commercial or investment bank (each an “Agent Bank,” and collectively, “Agent Banks”). The Agent Bank originates the Loans and invites other parties, including the Fund, to join the lending syndicate. Typically, one Agent Bank has the primary responsibility for documentation and administration of the Loan. Agent Banks are also responsible for negotiating the Loan agreement (“Agreement”), which establishes the terms and conditions of the Loan and the rights of the borrower and lenders. The Fund relies on the Agent Banks to collect payments of principal and interest on the Loans. Loan ownership interests are evidenced by the Agreements. Loans are similar to derivative instruments and private placements; there are no share certificates or notes evidencing ownership.

 

Delayed draw term loans. A Fund may be obligated under the terms of the relevant loan documents to advance additional funds after the initial disbursement that it makes at the time of its investment. For example, the loan may not have been “fully funded” at that time or the lenders may have ongoing commitments to make further advances up to a stated maximum. When a loan has been fully funded, however, repaid principal amounts normally may not be reborrowed. Interest accrues on the outstanding principal amount of the loan. The borrower normally may pay a fee during any commitment period.

 

Borrowing and Lending. A Fund may borrow money from banks for temporary or emergency purposes in amounts up to [   ]% of its total assets. To secure borrowings, a Fund may mortgage or pledge securities in amounts up to [   ]% of their respective total assets. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Fund may pledge their net assets as collateral to secure the short sales inherent in its investment strategy. The Fund will not purchase additional securities when borrowings exceed 5% of the Fund’s total assets.


A Fund may affect simultaneous purchase and sale transactions that are known as “sale-buybacks.” A sale-buyback is similar to a reverse repurchase agreement, except that in a sale-buyback, the counterparty that purchases the security is entitled to receive any principal or interest payments made on the underlying security pending settlement of the Fund’s repurchase of the underlying security.

 

A “mortgage dollar roll” is similar to a reverse repurchase agreement in certain respects. In a “dollar roll” transaction a Fund sells a mortgage-related security, such as a security issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), to a dealer and simultaneously agrees to repurchase a similar security (but not the same security) in the future at a pre-determined price. A “dollar roll” can be viewed, like a reverse repurchase agreement, as a collateralized borrowing in which a Fund pledges a mortgage-related security to a dealer to obtain cash. Unlike in the case of reverse repurchase agreements, the dealer with which a Fund enters into a dollar roll transaction is not obligated to return the same securities as those originally sold by the Fund, but only securities which are “substantially identical.” To be considered “substantially identical,” the securities returned to a Fund generally must: (1) be collateralized by the same types of underlying mortgages; (2) be issued by the same agency and be part of the same program; (3) have a similar original stated maturity; (4) have identical net coupon rates; (5) have similar market yields (and therefore price); and (6) satisfy “good delivery” requirements, meaning that the aggregate principal amounts of the securities delivered and received back must be within 0.01% of the initial amount delivered.

 

4 

 

 

Because dollar roll transactions may be for terms ranging between one and six months, dollar roll transactions may be deemed “illiquid” and subject to a Fund’s overall limitations on investments in illiquid securities.

 

Commodity-Related Investments. Commodities are assets that have tangible properties, such as oil, coal, natural gas, agricultural products, industrial metals, livestock, and precious metals. Exposure to commodities and commodities markets may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The value of commodities investments will generally be affected by overall market movements and factors specific to a particular industry or commodity, which include weather, embargoes, tariffs, and health, political, international, and regulatory developments. Economic and other events (whether real or perceived) can reduce the demand for commodities, which may reduce market prices. The frequency and magnitude of such changes cannot be predicted. No active trading market may exist for certain commodities investments, which may impair the Fund's ability to sell or to realize the full value of such investments in the event of the need to liquidate such investments. In addition, adverse market conditions may impair the liquidity of actively traded commodities investments. Certain types of commodities instruments (such as commodity swaps) are subject to the risk that the counterparty to the instrument will not perform or will be unable to perform in accordance with the terms of the instrument.

 

With respect to the Fund, JNAM has filed a notice claiming relief under CFTC Letter 12-38 from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) (the “relief”). Accordingly, JNAM is not subject to registration or regulation as a “CPO” under the CEA with respect to the Fund. To remain eligible for the relief, the Fund must limit its direct and indirect investments in certain instruments regulated under the CEA (“commodity interests”), including futures and options on futures and certain swaps transactions. In the event that the Fund’s investments in commodity interests are not within the thresholds set forth in the relief, JNAM may be required to act in a registered CPO capacity with respect to the Fund, and the Fund may incur expenses to comply with the CEA and rules the Commodity Futures Trading Commission has adopted under it.


Counterparty and settlement risk. A Fund will be subject to the credit risk presented by another party (whether a clearing corporation or broker in the case of exchange-traded or cleared instruments or another third party in the case of over-the-counter instruments) to the extent the party promises to honor an obligation to the Fund (an obligor) with respect to a transaction, such as securities loans, repurchase agreements or derivatives (including swaps). There can be no assurance that an obligor will be able or willing to meet its obligations. A Fund will be subject to the possibility of the insolvency, bankruptcy or default of a counterparty with which each Fund trades, which could result in substantial losses to the Fund. For example, if a counterparty becomes bankrupt or insolvent or otherwise fails or is unwilling to perform its obligations to a Fund due to financial difficulties or for other reasons, the Fund may experience significant losses or delays in enforcing contractual remedies and obtaining any recovery under its contract with the counterparty, including realizing on any collateral the counterparty has provided in respect of the counterparty’s obligations to the Fund or recovering collateral that the Fund has provided and is entitled to recover.

 

Certain derivatives transactions are required to be centrally cleared, and a party to a cleared derivatives transaction is subject to the credit risk of the clearing house and the clearing member through which it holds its cleared position, rather than the credit risk of its original counterparty to the derivatives transaction. Credit risk of market participants with respect to derivatives that are centrally cleared is concentrated in a few clearing houses, and it is not clear how an insolvency proceeding of a clearing house would be conducted and what impact an insolvency of a clearing house would have on the financial system. In the event of the insolvency of a clearing house, the Fund might experience a loss of funds deposited through its clearing member as margin with the clearing house, a loss of unrealized profits on its open positions, and the loss of funds owed to it as realized profits on closed positions. Such an insolvency might also cause a substantial delay before the Fund could obtain the return of funds owed to it by a clearing member who was a member of such clearing house. A clearing member is generally obligated to segregate all funds received from customers with respect to cleared derivatives transactions from the clearing member’s proprietary assets. However, all funds and other property received by a clearing member from its customers with respect to cleared derivatives are generally held by the clearing member on a commingled basis in an omnibus account, and the clearing member may invest those funds in certain instruments permitted under the applicable regulations. Therefore, a Fund might not be fully protected in the event of the bankruptcy of the Fund’s clearing member because the Fund would be limited to recovering only a pro rata share of all available funds segregated on behalf of the clearing member’s customers for a relevant account class. Also, the clearing member is required to transfer to the clearing house the amount of margin required by the clearing house for cleared derivatives, which amounts are generally held in an omnibus account at the clearing house for all customers of the clearing member. Regulations promulgated by the CFTC require that the clearing member notify the clearing house of the initial margin provided by the clearing member to the clearing house that is attributable to each customer. However, if the clearing member does not accurately report a Fund’s initial margin, the Fund is subject to the risk that a clearing house will use the Fund’s assets held in an omnibus account at the clearing house to satisfy payment obligations of a defaulting customer of the clearing member to the clearing house. In addition, clearing members generally provide to the clearing house the net amount of variation margin required for cleared swaps for all of its customers in the aggregate, rather than individually for each customer. A Fund is therefore subject to the risk that a clearing house will not make variation margin payments owed to the Fund if another customer of the clearing member has suffered a loss and is in default, and the risk that the Fund will be required to provide additional variation margin to the clearing house before the clearing house will move the Fund’s cleared derivatives transactions to another clearing member. In addition, if a clearing member does not comply with the applicable regulations or its agreement with the Fund, or in the event of fraud or misappropriation of customer assets by a clearing member, the Fund could have only an unsecured creditor claim in an insolvency of the clearing member with respect to the margin held by the clearing member. See also “Additional Information on Investment Techniques of the Fund and Related Risks - Derivatives Regulation” section in this SAI.

 

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As discussed above, the Fund will be subject to the possibility of the insolvency, bankruptcy or default of a counterparty with which each Fund trades, and its contractual remedies may be delayed and/or limited in the event of a counterparty’s default or insolvency, which could result in substantial losses to the Fund. In addition, regulations adopted by federal banking regulators under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act require that certain qualified financial contracts ("QFCs") with counterparties that are part of U.S. or foreign global systemically important banking organizations be amended to include contractual restrictions on close-out and cross-default rights. QFCs include, but are not limited to, securities contracts, commodities contracts, forward contracts, repurchase agreements, securities lending agreements and swaps agreements, as well as related master agreements, security agreements, credit enhancements, and reimbursement obligations. If a covered counterparty of a Fund or certain of the covered counterparty's affiliates were to become subject to certain insolvency proceedings, the Fund may be temporarily, or in some cases permanently, unable to exercise certain default rights, and the QFC may be transferred to another entity. These requirements may impact a Fund's credit and counterparty risks.

 

The Fund will also be exposed to credit risk on parties with whom it trades securities, and may also bear the risk of settlement default, in particular in relation to debt securities such as bonds, notes and similar debt obligations or instruments. Investors should also note that settlement mechanisms in emerging markets are generally less developed and reliable than those in more developed countries and this therefore increases the risk of settlement default, which could result in substantial losses for each Fund in respect to investments in emerging markets. Investors should also note that the securities of small capitalization companies as well as the securities of companies domiciled in emerging markets are often less liquid and more volatile than securities of large capitalization companies or companies domiciled in more developed markets, which may result in fluctuations in the price of the Fund. While the Sub-Adviser(s) continually assess the risk posed by the various counterparties, there can be no guarantee against default. Each counterparty presents credit and default risk.

 

Cybersecurity Risks. With the increased use of technologies such as the Internet to conduct business, funds have become potentially more susceptible to operational and information security risks through breaches in cybersecurity. In general, a breach in cybersecurity can result from either a deliberate attack or an unintentional event. Because technology is frequently changing, new ways to carry out cyber attacks are always developing. Recently, geopolitical tensions have increased the scale and sophistication of deliberate cybersecurity attacks, particularly those from nation-states or from entities with nation-state backing. Cybersecurity breaches may involve, among other things, infection by computer viruses or other malicious software code or unauthorized access to the fund’s digital information systems, networks or devices through “hacking” or other means, in each case for the purpose of misappropriating assets or sensitive information (including, for example, personal shareholder information), corrupting data or causing operational disruption or failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Fund. Cybersecurity risks also include the risk of losses of service resulting from external attacks that do not require unauthorized access to the Fund’s systems, networks or devices. For example, denial-of-service attacks on the investment adviser’s or an affiliate’s website could effectively render the Fund’s network services unavailable to Fund shareholders and other intended end-users. Any such cybersecurity breaches or losses of service may cause the Fund to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption or lose operational capacity, which, in turn, could cause the Fund to incur regulatory penalties, reputational damage, and additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures and/or financial loss. While the Fund and its investment adviser have established business continuity plans and risk management systems designed to prevent or reduce the impact of cybersecurity attacks, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems due in part to the ever-changing nature of technology and cybersecurity attack tactics, and there is a possibility that certain risks have not been adequately identified or prepared for. In addition, cybersecurity failures by or breaches of the Fund’s third-party service providers (including, but not limited to, the Fund’s investment adviser, transfer agent, custodian, administrators and other financial intermediaries) may disrupt the business operations of the service providers and of the Fund, potentially resulting in financial losses, the inability of Fund shareholders to transact business with the Fund and of the Fund to process transactions, the inability of the Fund to calculate its net asset value, violations of applicable privacy and other laws, rules and regulations, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensatory costs and/or additional compliance costs associated with implementation of any corrective measures. The Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result of any such cybersecurity breaches, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will not suffer losses relating to cybersecurity attacks or other informational security breaches affecting the Fund’s third-party service providers in the future, particularly as the Fund cannot control any cybersecurity plans or systems implemented by such service providers.

 

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Cybersecurity risks may also impact issuers of securities in which the Fund invests, which may cause the Fund’s investments in such issuers to lose value.

 

Derivative Instruments. Although not a principal investment strategy, the Fund may use financial instruments known as derivatives. A derivative is generally defined as an instrument whose value is derived from, or based upon, some underlying index, reference rate (such as interest rates or currency exchange rates), security, commodity or other asset. Transactions in derivative instruments present risks arising from the use of leverage (which increases the magnitude of losses), volatility, the possibility of default by a counterparty, and illiquidity. Use of derivative instruments for hedging or speculative purposes by the Adviser or the Sub-Adviser could present significant risks, including the risk of losses in excess of the amounts invested. The Fund’s ability to avoid risk through investment or trading in derivatives will depend on the ability to anticipate changes in the underlying assets, reference rates or indices.

 

Following are descriptions of certain derivatives that the Fund may use.

 

Options and Futures. The Fund may utilize options contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts. It also may use so-called “synthetic” options or other derivative instruments written by broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries. Options transactions may be effected on securities exchanges or in the over-the-counter market. When options are purchased over the counter, the Fund’s portfolio bears the risk that the counterparty that wrote the option will be unable or unwilling to perform its obligations under the option contract. Such options may also be illiquid, and, in such cases, the Fund may have difficulty closing out its position. Over-the-counter options purchased and sold by the Fund also may include options on baskets of specific securities.

 

The Fund may purchase call and put options on specific securities or currencies and may write and sell covered or uncovered call and put options for hedging purposes and non-hedging purposes to pursue its investment objective. A put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy, the underlying security at a stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration of the option. A call option gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying security at a stated exercise price at any time prior to the expiration of the option.

 

A covered call option is a call option with respect to which the Fund owns the underlying security. The sale of such an option exposes the Fund, during the term of the option, to possible loss of opportunity to realize appreciation in the market price of the underlying security and to the possibility that it might hold the underlying security in order to protect against depreciation in the market price of the security during a period when it might have otherwise sold the security. The seller of a covered call option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the purchase price of the underlying security less the premium received and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered call option assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option.

 

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A covered put option is a put option with respect to which the seller has a short position in the underlying security. The seller of a covered put option assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of the underlying security plus the premium received and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. If the seller of the put option owns a put option covering an equivalent number of shares with an exercise price equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put written, the position is “fully hedged” if the option owned expires at the same time or later than the option written. The seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The seller of a covered put option may also be required to place cash or liquid securities in a segregated account to ensure compliance with its obligation to purchase the underlying security. The sale of such an option exposes the Fund during the term of the option to a decline in price of the underlying security while depriving the Fund of the opportunity to invest the segregated assets.

 

The Fund may close out a position when writing options by purchasing an option on the same security with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option that it has previously written on the security. The Fund will realize a profit or loss if the amount paid to purchase an option is less or more, as the case may be, than the amount received from the sale thereof. To close out a position as a purchaser of an option, the Fund would generally make a similar “closing sale transaction,” which involves liquidating its position by selling the option previously purchased. However, if deemed advantageous, the Fund would be entitled to exercise the option.

 

The Fund may enter into equity futures contracts, interest rate futures contracts, and currency futures contracts in U.S. domestic markets or on exchanges located outside the United States. Foreign markets may offer advantages such as trading opportunities or arbitrage possibilities not available in the United States. Foreign markets, however, may have greater risk potential than domestic markets. For example, some foreign exchanges are principal markets so that no common clearing facility exists, and an investor may look only to the broker for performance of the contract. Transactions on foreign exchanges may include both commodities that are traded on domestic exchanges and those that are not. Unlike trading on domestic commodity exchanges, trading on foreign commodity exchanges is not regulated by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”). Therefore, the CFTC does not have the power to compel enforcement of the rules of the foreign exchange or the laws of the foreign country. Moreover, such laws or regulations will vary depending on the foreign country in which the transaction occurs. For these reasons, the Fund may not be afforded certain of the protections that apply to domestic transactions, including the right to use domestic alternative dispute resolution procedures. In particular, funds received from customers to margin foreign futures transactions may not be provided the same protections as funds received to margin futures transactions on domestic exchanges. In addition, the price of any foreign futures or option contract and, therefore, the potential profit and loss resulting from that contract, may be affected by any fluctuation in the foreign exchange rate between the time the order is placed and the foreign futures contract is liquidated or the foreign option contract is liquidated or exercised.

 

In addition to futures contracts traded on U.S. domestic markets or exchanges that are regulated by the CFTC or on foreign exchanges, the Fund may also trade certain futures on trading facilities such as derivatives transaction execution facilities, exempt boards of trade or electronic trading facilities that are licensed and/or regulated to varying degrees by the CFTC. In addition, certain single stock futures and narrow-based security index futures may be traded on trading facilities such as contract markets, derivatives transaction execution facilities and electronic trading facilities that are licensed and/or regulated to varying degrees by both the CFTC and the SEC or on foreign exchanges.

 

Trading in futures involves risk of loss to the Fund that could materially adversely affect the net asset value of the Fund. No assurance can be given that a liquid market will exist for any particular futures contract at any particular time. Many futures exchanges and boards of trade limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day by regulations referred to as “daily price fluctuation limits” or “daily limits.” Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that limit or trading may be suspended for specified periods during the trading day. Futures contract prices could move to the limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and potentially subjecting the Fund to substantial losses. In addition, the CFTC and certain futures exchanges have established (and continue to evaluate and revise) limits, referred to as “position limits,” on the maximum net long or net short positions which any person or entity may hold or control in particular futures and options contracts (and certain swap positions). Unless an exemption applies, all positions owned or controlled by the same person or entity, even if in different accounts, must be aggregated for purposes of determining whether the applicable position limits have been exceeded and, as a result, the Adviser's or a Sub-Adviser’s trading decisions may have to be modified or positions held by the Fund may have to be liquidated in order to avoid exceeding such limits. Even if the Fund does not intend to exceed applicable position limits, it is possible that different clients managed by the Adviser or a Sub-Adviser or its affiliates may be aggregated for this purpose. The modification of investment decisions or the elimination of open positions, if it occurs, may adversely affect the profitability of the Fund. A violation of position limits could also lead to regulatory action materially adverse to the Fund’s investment strategy.

 

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Successful use of futures by the Fund depends on its ability to correctly predict movements in the direction of the relevant market, and, to the extent the transaction is entered into for hedging purposes, to ascertain the appropriate correlation between the transaction being hedged and the price movements of the futures contract. To compensate for imperfect correlations, the Fund may purchase or sell futures contracts in a greater amount than the hedged investments if the volatility of the price of the hedged investments is historically greater than the volatility of the futures contracts. Conversely, the Fund may purchase or sell fewer futures contracts if the volatility of the price of the hedged investments is historically less than that of the futures contract. The successful use of transactions in futures and related options for hedging also depends on the direction and extent of exchange rate, interest rate, and asset price movements within a given time frame.

 

The prices of all derivative instruments, including futures and options prices, are highly volatile. Price movements of forward contracts, futures contracts, and other derivative contracts in which the Fund may invest are influenced by, among other things: interest rates; changing supply and demand relationships; trade, fiscal, monetary, and exchange control programs and policies of governments; and national and international political and economic events and policies. In addition, governments from time to time intervene, directly and by regulation, in certain markets, particularly those currencies and interest rate-related futures and options. Such intervention often is intended directly to influence prices and may, together with other factors, cause all of such markets to move rapidly in the same direction because of, among other things, interest rate fluctuations. The Fund is also subject to the risk of the failure of any of the exchanges on which its positions trade or of its clearinghouses.

 

An equity index future obligates the Fund to pay, or entitles it to receive, an amount of cash equal to a fixed dollar amount specified in the futures contract multiplied by the difference between the settlement price of the contract on the contract’s last trading day and the value of the index based on the price of the securities that comprise it at the opening of trading in such securities on the next business day. An interest rate future obligates the Fund to purchase or sell an amount of a specific interest rate asset at a future date at a specific price. A currency future obligates the Fund to purchase or sell an amount of a specific currency at a future date at a specific price.

 

Commodity Pool Operator Status. JNAM acts in its capacity as a registered commodity pool operator (“CPO”) with respect to certain funds offered by other investment companies in the Fund Complex (as defined under “Trustees and Officers of the Trust”), each of which is a commodity pool under the CEA. With respect to the Fund, JNAM has filed with the National Futures Association a notice claiming an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” under the CEA (the “exclusion”). Accordingly, JNAM is not subject to registration or regulation as a “commodity pool operator” under the CEA with respect to the Fund. To remain eligible for the exclusion, the Fund will be limited in its ability to use certain instruments regulated under the CEA (“commodity interests”), including futures and options on futures and certain swaps transactions. In the event that the Fund’s investments in commodity interests are not within the thresholds set forth in the exclusion, JNAM may be required to act in a registered CPO capacity with respect to the Fund. JNAM’s eligibility to claim the exclusion with respect to the Fund will be based upon, among other things, the level of the Fund’s investment in commodity interests, the purposes of such investments, and the manner in which the Fund holds out its use of commodity interests. The ability of the Fund to invest in commodity interests (including, but not limited to, futures and swaps on broad-based securities indexes and interest rates) may be limited by JNAM’s intention to operate the Fund in a manner that would permit JNAM to continue to claim the exclusion, which may adversely affect the Fund’s total return. See also the “Additional Information on Investment Techniques of the Fund and Related Risks— Commodity-Related Interests” section in this SAI.

 

Call and Put Options on Securities Indexes. The Fund may purchase and sell call and put options on stock indexes listed on national securities exchanges or traded in the over-the-counter market for hedging and non-hedging purposes to pursue its investment objectives. A stock index fluctuates with changes in the market values of the stocks included in the index. Accordingly, successful use by the Fund of options on stock indexes will be subject to the ability to correctly predict movements in the direction of the stock market generally or of a particular industry or market segment. This requires different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the price of individual stocks.

 

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Yield Curve Options. The Fund may enter into options on the yield “spread” or differential between two securities. Such transactions are referred to as “yield curve” options. In contrast to other types of options, a yield curve option is based on the difference between the yields of designated securities, rather than the prices of the individual securities, and is settled through cash payments. Accordingly, a yield curve option is profitable to the holder if this differential widens (in the case of a call) or narrows (in the case of a put), regardless of whether the yields of the underlying securities increase or decrease. The trading of yield curve options is subject to all of the risks associated with the trading of other types of options. In addition, such options present a risk of loss even if the yield of one of the underlying securities remains constant, or if the spread moves in a direction or to an extent which was not anticipated.

 

Rights and Warrants. The Fund may invest in rights and warrants. Rights (sometimes referred to as “subscription rights”) and warrants may be purchased separately or may be received as part of a distribution in respect of, or may be attached to, other securities that the Fund has purchased. Rights and warrants are securities that give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to purchase equity securities of the company issuing the rights or warrants, or a related company, at a fixed price either on a date certain or during a set period. Typically, rights have a relatively short term (e.g., two to four weeks), whereas warrants can have much longer terms. At the time of issue, the cost of a right or warrant is substantially less than the cost of the underlying security itself.

 

Particularly in the case of warrants, price movements in the underlying security are generally magnified in the price movements of the warrant. This effect would enable the Fund to gain exposure to the underlying security with a relatively low capital investment but increases the Fund’s risk in the event of a decline in the value of the underlying security and can result in a complete loss of the amount invested in the warrant. In addition, the price of a warrant tends to be more volatile than, and may not correlate exactly to, the price of the underlying security. If the market price of the underlying security is below the exercise price of the warrant on its expiration date, the warrant will generally expire without value. The equity security underlying a warrant is authorized at the time the warrant is issued or is issued together with the warrant, which may result in losses to the Fund. Investing in warrants can provide a greater potential for profit or loss than an equivalent investment in the underlying security, and, thus, can be a speculative investment. The value of a warrant may decline because of a decline in the value of the underlying security, the passage of time, changes in interest rates or in the dividend or other policies of the company whose equity underlies the warrant or a change in the perception as to the future price of the underlying security, or any combination thereof. Warrants and rights do not carry with them the right to dividends or voting rights with respect to the securities that they entitle the holder to purchase, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer.

 

Derivatives Regulation. The U.S. Government has enacted legislation that provides for new regulation of the derivatives market, including clearing, margin, reporting, and registration requirements. The European Union, the United Kingdom (the “U.K.”), and some other countries are implementing similar requirements, which will affect a Fund when it enters into a derivatives transaction with a counterparty organized in that country or otherwise subject to that country’s derivatives regulations. Because these requirements are relatively new and evolving (and some of the rules are not yet final), their ultimate impact remains unclear.

 

Transactions in certain derivatives, including futures, options on futures, and some types of swaps (including interest rate swaps and credit default swaps on North American and European indices) are required to be centrally cleared and certain other types of swaps are available for voluntary clearing. In a transaction involving those derivatives (“cleared derivatives”), a Fund’s counterparty is a clearing house rather than a bank or broker. Because the Fund is not a member of clearing houses and only members of a clearing house (“clearing members”) can participate directly in the clearing house, the Fund holds cleared derivatives through accounts at clearing members. In cleared derivatives positions, the Fund makes payments (including margin payments) to and receive payments from a clearing house through their accounts at clearing members. Clearing members guarantee performance of their clients’ obligations to the clearing house.

 

In some ways, cleared derivative arrangements are less favorable to mutual funds than bilateral arrangements, for example, by requiring that funds provide more margin for their cleared derivatives positions. Also, as a general matter, in contrast to a bilateral derivatives position, following a period of notice to a Fund, a clearing member at any time can require termination of an existing cleared derivatives position or an increase in margin requirements above those required at the outset of a transaction. Clearing houses also have broad rights to increase margin requirements for existing positions or to terminate those positions at any time. Any increase in margin requirements or termination of existing cleared derivatives positions by the clearing member or the clearing house could interfere with the ability of a Fund to pursue its investment strategy. Further, any increase in margin requirements by a clearing member could expose a Fund to greater credit risk to its clearing member because margin for cleared derivatives positions in excess of a clearing house’s margin requirements typically is held by the clearing member. Also, a Fund is subject to risk if it enters into a derivatives transaction that is required to be cleared (or that the Adviser or Sub-Adviser expects to be cleared), and no clearing member is willing or able to clear the transaction on the Fund’s behalf. While the documentation in place between the Fund and its clearing members generally provides that the clearing members will accept for clearing all cleared derivatives transactions that are within credit limits (specified in advance) for the Fund, the Fund is still subject to the risk that no clearing member will be willing or able to clear a transaction. In those cases, the position might have to be terminated, and the Fund could lose some or all of the benefit of the position, including loss of an increase in the value of the position and loss of hedging protection. In addition, the documentation governing the relationship between the Fund and clearing members is drafted by the clearing members and generally is less favorable to the Fund than typical bilateral derivatives documentation. For example, documentation relating to cleared derivatives generally includes a one-way indemnity by the Fund in favor of the clearing member for losses the clearing member incurs as the Fund’s clearing member and typically does not provide the Fund any remedies if the clearing member defaults or becomes insolvent. While futures contracts entail similar risks, the risks likely are more pronounced for cleared derivatives due to their more limited liquidity and market history.

 

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Some types of cleared derivatives are required to be executed on an exchange or on a swap execution facility. A swap execution facility is a trading platform where multiple market participants can execute derivatives by accepting bids and offers made by multiple other participants in the platform. While this execution requirement is designed to increase transparency and liquidity in the cleared derivatives market, trading on a swap execution facility can create additional costs and risks for the Fund. For example, swap execution facilities typically charge fees, and if a Fund executes derivatives on a swap execution facility through a broker intermediary, the intermediary may impose fees as well. Also, a Fund may indemnify a swap execution facility, or a broker intermediary who executes cleared derivatives on a swap execution facility on the Fund’s behalf, against any losses or costs that may be incurred as a result of the Fund’s transactions on the swap execution facility. If a Fund wishes to execute a package of transactions that include a swap that is required to be executed on a swap execution facility as well as other transactions (for example, a transaction that includes both a security and an interest rate swap that hedges interest rate exposure with respect to such security), the Fund may be unable to execute all components of the package on the swap execution facility. In that case, the Fund would need to trade some components of the package on the swap execution facility and other components in another manner, which could subject the Fund to the risk that some components would be executed successfully and others would not, or that the components would be executed at different times, leaving the Fund with an unhedged position for a period of time.

 

Regulators in the United States, the European Union, the U.K., and certain other jurisdictions have adopted mandatory minimum margin requirements for bilateral derivatives. Such requirements could increase the amount of margin required to be provided by a Fund in connection with its derivatives transactions and, therefore, make derivatives transactions more expensive.

 

Also, in the event of a counterparty’s (or its affiliate’s) insolvency, the possibility exists that the Fund’s ability to exercise remedies, such as the termination of transactions, netting of obligations and realization on collateral, could be stayed or eliminated under new special resolution regimes adopted in the United States, the European Union, the U.K., and various other jurisdictions. Such regimes provide government authorities with broad authority to intervene when a financial institution is experiencing financial difficulty. In particular, in the European Union and the U.K., governmental authorities could reduce, eliminate, or convert to equity the liabilities to the Fund of a counterparty experiencing financial difficulties (sometimes referred to as a “bail in”).

 

The SEC recently adopted Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act ("Rule 18f-4"), related to the use of derivatives, reverse repurchase agreements, and certain other transactions by registered investment companies. In connection with the adoption of Rule 18f-4, the SEC withdrew prior guidance requiring compliance with an asset segregation framework for covering certain derivative instruments and related transactions. Rule 18f-4, like the prior guidance, provides a mechanism by which a fund is able to engage in derivatives transactions, even if the derivatives are considered to be "senior securities" for purposes of Section 18 of the 1940 Act. Rule 18f-4, among other things, requires a fund that invests in derivate instruments beyond a specified limited amount to apply value-at-risk ("VaR") based limit to its use of certain derivative instruments and financing transactions and to adopt and implement a derivatives risk management program. Generally, these requirements apply unless a fund satisfies Rule 18f-4's "limited derivatives users" exception, in which case the fund is not subject to the full requirements of Rule 18f-4. When the Fund invests in reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions, Rule 18f-4 requires the Fund to either aggregate the amount of indebtedness associated with the reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions with the aggregate amount of any other senior securities representing indebtedness when calculating the Fund's asset coverage ratio or treat all such transactions as derivatives transactions. These and other new rules and regulations could, among other things, further restrict the Fund’s ability to engage in, or increase the cost to the Fund of, derivatives transactions, for example, by making some types of derivatives no longer available to the Fund or otherwise limiting liquidity. The implementation of the clearing requirement has increased the costs of derivatives transactions for the Fund because the Fund has to pay fees to their clearing members and are typically required to post more margin for cleared derivatives than they have historically posted for bilateral derivatives. These rules and regulations are new and evolving, so their full impact on the Fund and the financial system are not yet known. While the new rules and regulations and central clearing of some derivatives transactions are designed to reduce systemic risk (i.e., the risk that the interdependence of large derivatives dealers could cause them to suffer liquidity, solvency or other challenges simultaneously), there is no assurance that they will achieve that result, and, as noted above, central clearing and related requirements expose the Fund to new kinds of costs and risks.

 

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Distressed Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in debt or equity securities of domestic and foreign issuers in weak financial condition, experiencing poor operating results, having substantial capital needs or negative net worth, facing special competitive or product obsolescence problems, or that are involved in bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings. Investments of this type may involve substantial financial and business risks that can result in substantial or at times even total losses. Among the risks inherent in investments in troubled entities is the fact that it frequently may be difficult to obtain information as to the true condition of such issuers. Such investments also may be adversely affected by state and federal laws relating to, among other things, fraudulent transfers and other voidable transfers or payments, lender liability, and a bankruptcy court’s power to disallow, reduce, subordinate, or disenfranchise particular claims. The market prices of such securities are also subject to abrupt and erratic market movements and above-average price volatility, and the spread between the bid and ask prices of such securities may be greater than those prevailing in other securities markets. It may take a number of years for the market price of such securities to reflect their intrinsic value. In liquidation (both in and out of bankruptcy) and other forms of corporate reorganization, there exists the risk that the reorganization either will be unsuccessful (due to, for example, failure to obtain requisite approvals), will be delayed (for example, until various liabilities, actual or contingent, have been satisfied), or will result in a distribution of cash or a new security the value of which will be less than the purchase price to the Fund of the security in respect to which such distribution was made.

 

Energy and Natural Resources. The return on investments in energy and natural resources companies is dependent on the operating margins received and cash flows generated by such companies from the exploration for, and development, production, gathering, transportation, processing, storage, refining, distribution, mining or marketing of, coal, natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined petroleum products or other hydrocarbons. Operating margins and cash flows may fluctuate widely in response to a variety of factors, including global and domestic economic conditions, weather conditions, natural disasters, the supply and price of imported natural resources, political instability, conservation efforts, and governmental regulation. Prices of oil and other energy and natural resources commodities have been volatile in the past and such volatility is expected to continue. As a result, companies in which the Fund or Private Funds invest have been and may continue to be adversely impacted by volatility of prices of energy and natural resource commodities.

 

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Energy and natural resources companies are subject to significant foreign, federal, state and local regulation in virtually every aspect of their operations, including with respect to how facilities are constructed, maintained and operated, environmental and safety controls, and the prices they may charge for the products and services they provide. Such regulation can change over time in both scope and intensity. Various governmental authorities have the power to enforce compliance with these regulations and the permits issued under them, and violators are subject to administrative, civil and criminal penalties, including civil fines, injunctions or both. Stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the future which would likely increase compliance costs and may adversely affect the financial performance. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may trigger a variety of administrative, civil and criminal enforcement measures, including the assessment of monetary penalties, the imposition of remedial requirements, and the issuance of orders enjoining future operations. There is an inherent risk that energy and natural resources companies may incur environmental costs and liabilities due to the nature of their businesses and the substances they handle.

 

Equity Securities. Subject to the Fund’s investment policies, the Fund may hold common stocks and other equity securities from time to time, including without limitation those it has received through the conversion of a convertible security held by the Fund or in connection with the restructuring of a debt security. The market price of common stocks and other equity securities may go up or down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Equity securities may decline in value due to factors affecting equity securities markets generally, particular industries represented in those markets, or the issuer itself. The values of equity securities may decline due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular company, such as real or perceived adverse economic conditions, changes in the general outlook for corporate earnings, changes in interest or currency rates or adverse investor sentiment generally. They may also decline due to factors that affect a particular industry or industries, such as labor shortages or increased production costs and competitive conditions within an industry. Equity securities generally have greater price volatility than fixed income securities. These risks are generally magnified in the case of equity investments in distressed companies.

 

Different types of equity securities provide different voting and dividend rights and priority in the event of the bankruptcy and/or insolvency of the issuer. In addition to common stock, equity securities may include preferred securities, convertible securities and warrants, which are discussed elsewhere in the Prospectus and this SAI. Equity securities other than common stock are subject to many of the same risks as common stock, although possibly to different degrees. The risks of equity securities are generally magnified in the case of equity investments in distressed companies.

 

Eurozone Investment Risks. The European Union (“EU”) is an economic and political union of member states consisting of mostly Western European countries and a growing number of Eastern European countries. One of the key mandates of the EU is the establishment and administration of a common single market, consisting of, among other things, a single currency and a common trade policy. In order to pursue this goal, member states established the Economic and Monetary Union (“EMU”), which sets out different stages and commitments that member states need to follow to achieve greater economic and monetary policy coordination, including the adoption of a single currency, the euro. Many member states have adopted the euro as their currency and, as a result, are subject to the monetary policies of the European Central Bank (“ECB”).

 

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Failure by one or more EU member states to reach those objectives or an insufficient level of assistance could result in a deeper or prolonged economic downturn, which could have a significant adverse effect on the value of investments in European countries. By adopting the euro, a member country relinquishes control of its own monetary policies. As a result, European countries are significantly affected by fiscal and monetary controls implemented by the EMU and may be limited to some degree from implementing their own economic policies. The euro may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the various economies that comprise the EMU and Europe generally. It is difficult to impose a common currency across disparate countries, cultures, and social-economic political histories. Such disparate impacts could, theoretically, lead to the collapse of the EU and the euro and return member states to local country currencies.

 

Additionally, it is possible that EMU member states could voluntarily abandon the euro or involuntarily be forced out of the euro, including by way of a partial or complete dissolution of the monetary union. The effects of such outcomes on the rest of the Eurozone and global markets as a whole are unpredictable, but are likely to be negative, including adversely impacted market values of Eurozone and various other securities and currencies, redenomination of certain securities into less valuable local currencies, and more volatile and illiquid markets. Under such circumstances, investments denominated in euros or replacement currencies may be difficult to value, the ability to operate an investment strategy in connection with euro-denominated securities may be significantly impaired and the value of euro-denominated investments may decline significantly and unpredictably.

 

Uncertainty surrounding the sovereign debt of a number of European Union countries, as well as the continued existence of the European Union itself, have disrupted and may disrupt markets in the U.S. and around the world. If one or more countries leave the European Union or the European Union dissolves, the world's securities markets likely will be significantly disrupted. For example, in June 2016, the United Kingdom approved a referendum to leave the European Union (commonly known as “Brexit”). The United Kingdom left the European Union on January 31, 2020. Following the withdrawal, there was an eleven-month transition period, ending December 31, 2020, during which the United Kingdom and the European Union agreed to a Trade and Cooperation Agreement governing the future relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union. Brexit could lead to legal and tax uncertainty and potentially divergent national laws and regulations as the United Kingdom determines which European Union laws to replace or replicate. Additionally, Brexit could lead to global economic uncertainty and result in volatility in global stock markets and currency exchange rate fluctuations. This uncertainty may impact opportunities, pricing, availability and cost of bank financing, regulation, values or exit opportunities of companies or assets based, doing business, or having services or other significant relationships in, the United Kingdom or the European Union. Brexit may also create the potential for decreased trade, the possibility of capital outflows from the United Kingdom, devaluation of the pound sterling, the cost of higher corporate bond spreads, and the risk that all the above could negatively impact business and consumer spending as well as foreign direct investment.

 

Fixed-Income Securities. A Fund may invest in fixed-income securities of companies that meet the investment criteria for the Fund. In general, fixed-income securities represent a loan of money by the purchaser to the issuer. A fixed income security typically has a fixed payment schedule that obligates the issuer to pay interest to the lender and to return the lender’s money over a certain period of time or at a specified date, called “maturity.” The security issuer typically must meet its obligations associated with its outstanding fixed-income securities before it may declare or pay any dividend to holders of its equity securities and may also be obliged under the terms of its fixed income securities to maintain certain measures of financial condition. Bonds, notes and commercial paper are typical types of fixed-income securities, differing in the length of the issuer’s repayment schedule.

 

The price of fixed-income securities fluctuates with changes in interest rates and in response to changes in the financial condition of the issuer. The value of fixed-income securities generally rises when interest rates fall, and falls when interest rates rise. Prices of longer-term securities generally increase or decrease more sharply than those of shorter-term securities in response to interest rate changes. Recently, there have been inflationary price movements, which have caused the fixed income securities markets to experience heightened levels of interest rate volatility and liquidity risk. The risks associated with rising interest rates may be particularly acute in the current market environment because the Federal Reserve Board recently raised rates and may continue to do so.

 

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Floating and Adjustable Rate Obligations.  A Fund may purchase adjustable or floating rate obligations, including floating rate demand notes and bonds.  The Fund may invest in adjustable or floating rate obligations whose interest rates are adjusted either at pre-designated periodic intervals or whenever there is a change in the market rate to which the security’s interest rate is tied.  The Fund also may purchase adjustable or floating rate demand notes and bonds, which are obligations ordinarily having stated maturities in excess of 397 days, but which permit the holder to demand payment of principal at any time, or at specified intervals not exceeding 397 days, in each case upon not more than 30 days’ notice. Because of the adjustable or floating rate features of such obligations a fund that invests in such securities will participate in increases in interest rates by earning higher interest payments. The Fund also will participate in decreases in interest rates by earning lower interest payments.


Foreign Securities. A Fund may invest in, or have exposure to, foreign securities. Investors should realize that investing in, or having exposure to, foreign securities involves certain special considerations that typically are not associated with investing in, or having exposure to, U.S. securities. These include non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities traded principally outside the U.S. and U.S. dollar-denominated securities traded in the U.S. (such as ADRs). Such investments increase a Fund’s diversification and may enhance return, but they also involve some special risks such as exposure to potentially adverse local political and economic developments; nationalization and exchange controls; potentially lower liquidity and higher volatility; possible problems arising from accounting, disclosure, settlement, and regulatory practices that differ from U.S. standards; and the chance that fluctuations in foreign exchange rates will decrease the investment’s value (favorable changes can increase its value). In addition, foreign securities purchased by the Fund may be subject to foreign government taxes, higher custodian fees, higher brokerage commissions and dividend collection fees. Foreign government securities are issued or guaranteed by a foreign government, province, instrumentality, political subdivision or similar unit thereof.

 

Currency Risk. The value of the Fund’s foreign investments will be affected by changes in currency exchange rates. The U.S. dollar value of a foreign security decreases when the value of the U.S. dollar rises against the foreign currency in which the security is denominated, and increases when the value of the U.S. dollar falls against such currency.

 

Political and Economic Risk. Although debatable in the current U.S. macro socio-economic and political context, the economies of many of the countries in which the Fund may invest may not be as developed as the United States’ economy and may be subject to significantly different forces. Conversely, investments in certain countries may be more or less secure than investments in the U.S., and carry repatriation risks from taxes and regulatory impairment when bringing such investments back to the U.S. As is the case in the U.S. political or social instability, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, and limitations on the removal of funds or other assets could also adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments.

 

Regulatory Risk. Foreign companies are not registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and are generally not subject to the regulatory controls imposed on United States issuers and, as a consequence, there is generally less publicly available information about foreign securities than is available about domestic securities. Foreign companies are not subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, corporate governance practices and requirements comparable to those applicable to domestic companies. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, which regulates auditors of U.S. public companies, is unable to inspect audit work papers in certain foreign countries. Investors in foreign countries often have limited rights and few practical remedies to pursue shareholder claims, including class actions or fraud claims, and the ability of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, the U.S. Department of Justice and other authorities to bring and enforce actions against foreign issuers or foreign persons is limited. Income, gains and proceeds from foreign securities owned by the Fund may be reduced by a withholding tax at the source or other foreign taxes, which tax or taxes would reduce dividend income payable to the Fund’s shareholders.

 

Market Risk. The securities markets in many of the countries in which the Fund invests, or has exposure to, will have substantially less trading volume than the major United States markets. As a result, the securities of some foreign companies may be less liquid and experience more price volatility than comparable domestic securities. Increased custodian costs as well as administrative costs (such as the need to use foreign custodians) may be associated with the maintenance of assets in foreign jurisdictions. There is generally less government regulation and supervision of foreign stock exchanges, brokers and issuers which may make it difficult to enforce contractual obligations. In addition, transaction costs in foreign securities markets are likely to be higher, because brokerage commission rates in foreign countries are likely to be higher than in the United States.

 

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Risk of Developing (Emerging Market) Countries. The Fund may invest in, or have exposure to, securities of developing or emerging market countries, including foreign markets. While subject to reasonable interpretation, developing countries are generally those countries which are not included in the MSCI World Index. Each Fund considers various factors when determining whether a company is in a developing country, including whether: (1) it is organized under the laws of a developing country; (2) it has a principal office in a developing country; (3) it derives 50% or more of its total revenues from business in a developing country; or (4) its securities are traded principally on a stock exchange, or in an OTC market, in a developing country. The Fund generally considers an instrument to be economically tied to an emerging market country if: the issuer is organized under the laws of an emerging market country; the currency of settlement of the security is a currency of an emerging market country; the security is guaranteed by the government of an emerging market country (or any political subdivision, agency, authority or instrumentality of such government); for an asset-backed or other collateralized security, the country in which the collateral backing the security is located is an emerging market country; or the security’s “country of exposure” is an emerging market country, as determined by the criteria set forth below. With respect to derivative instruments, the Fund generally considers such instruments to be economically tied to emerging market countries if the underlying assets are currencies of emerging market countries (or baskets or indexes of such currencies), or instruments or securities that are issued or guaranteed by governments of emerging market countries or by entities organized under the laws of emerging market countries or if an instrument’s “country of exposure” is an emerging market country. A security’s “country of exposure” is determined using certain factors provided by a third-party analytical service provider. The factors are applied to result in the assignment of a country determines the “country of exposure.” The factors, including but not limited to, are: (i) if an asset-backed or other collateralized security, the country in which the collateral backing the security is located; (ii) the “country of risk” of the issuer; (iii) if the security is guaranteed by the government of a country (or any political subdivision, agency, authority or instrumentality of such government), the country of the government or instrumentality providing the guarantee; (iv) the “country of risk” of the issuer’s ultimate parent; or (v) the country where the issuer is organized or incorporated under the laws thereof. “Country of risk” is a separate four-part test determined by the factors, that are including but not limited to the following: (i) management location; (ii) country of primary listing; (iii) sales or revenue attributable to the country; and (iv) reporting currency of the issuer. The Fund has broad discretion to identify countries that they consider to qualify as emerging markets. In exercising such discretion, the Fund identifies countries as emerging markets consistent with the strategic objectives of a particular Fund. For example, a Fund may consider a country to be an emerging market country based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, if the country is classified as an emerging or developing economy by any supranational organization such as the World Bank or the United Nations, or related entities, or if the country is considered an emerging market country for purposes of constructing emerging markets indices. In some cases, this approach may result in a particular country being identified as an emerging market with respect to the Fund but not others.

 

Investments in developing countries present risks greater than, and in addition to, those presented by investments in foreign issuers in general. A number of developing countries restrict, to varying degrees, foreign investment in stocks. Certain investors may not be able to participate in favorable corporate action events. Investor protection regimes may be more limited in emerging markets. For example, it may be more difficult for shareholders to bring derivative litigation or for U.S. regulators to bring enforcement actions against issuers in emerging markets. Repatriation of investment income, capital, and the proceeds of sales by foreign investors may require governmental registration and/or approval in some developing countries. Foreign exchange transactions may need to be executed with authorized agents, and there may not be any guarantee of execution in a timely manner. A number of the currencies of developing countries have experienced significant declines against the U.S. dollar in recent years, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by the Fund. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may continue to have negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries. Many of the developing securities markets are relatively small or less diverse, have low trading volumes, suffer periods of relative illiquidity, and are characterized by significant price volatility. There is a risk in developing countries that a future economic or political crisis could lead to price controls, forced mergers of companies, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization, or creation of government monopolies, any of which may have a detrimental effect on a Fund's investments.

 

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Variable Interest Entities. Many Chinese companies have created variable interest entities (“VIEs”) as a means to circumvent limits on foreign ownership of equity in Chinese companies. Investments in companies that use a VIE structure may pose additional risks because the investment is made through an intermediary entity that exerts control of the underlying operating business through contractual means rather than equity ownership and, as a result, may limit the rights of an investor. Although VIEs are a longstanding industry practice and well known to officials and regulators in China, VIE structures are not formally recognized under Chinese law. Investors face uncertainty about future actions by the government of China that could significantly affect an operating company’s financial performance and the enforceability of the VIE’s contractual arrangements. It is uncertain whether Chinese officials or regulators will withdraw their implicit acceptance of the VIE structure, or whether any new laws, rules, or regulations relating to VIE structures will be adopted or, if adopted, what impact they would have on the interests of foreign shareholders. Under extreme circumstances, China might prohibit the existence of VIEs, or sever their ability to transmit economic and governance rights to foreign individuals and entities; if so, the market value of a Fund’s associated portfolio holdings would likely suffer significant, detrimental, and possibly permanent effects, which could result in substantial investment losses.

 

Frontier Market Countries Risk. Frontier market countries generally have smaller economies and less-developed capital markets than traditional developing markets, and, as a result, the risks of investing in developing market countries are magnified in frontier market countries. The economies of frontier market countries are less correlated to global economic cycles than those of their more developed counterparts and their markets have low trading volumes and the potential for extreme price volatility and illiquidity is higher. This volatility may be further heightened by the actions of a few major investors. For example, a substantial increase or decrease in cash flows of mutual funds investing in these markets could significantly affect local stock prices and, therefore, the price of Fund shares. These factors make investing in frontier market countries significantly riskier than in other foreign countries and any one risk could cause the price of the Fund’s shares to decline.

 

Governments of frontier market countries in which the Fund may invest may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector. In some cases, the foreign governments of such frontier market countries may own or control certain companies. Accordingly, government actions could have a significant effect on economic conditions in a frontier market country and on market conditions, prices, and yields of securities in the Fund’s portfolio. Moreover, the economies of frontier market countries may be heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values, and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. Also, these frontier market economies have been, and may continue, to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade.

 

Investment in equity securities of issuers operating in certain frontier market countries may be restricted or controlled to varying degrees. These restrictions or controls may at times limit or preclude foreign investment in equity securities of issuers operating in certain frontier market countries and increase the costs and expenses of the Fund. Certain frontier market countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular issuer, limit the investment by foreign persons only to a specific class of securities of an issuer that may have less advantageous rights than the classes available for purchase by domiciliaries of the countries, and/or impose additional taxes on foreign investors. Certain investors may not be able to participate in favorable corporate action events. Certain frontier market countries may also restrict investment opportunities in issuers in industries deemed important to national interests.

 

Frontier market countries may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors, such as the Fund. Foreign exchange transactions may need to be executed with authorized agents, and there may not be any guarantee of execution in a timely manner. In addition, if deterioration occurs in a frontier market country’s balance of payments, the country could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments. Investing in local markets in frontier market countries may require the Fund to adopt special procedures, seek local government approvals or take other actions, each of which may involve additional costs to the Fund. News and information about companies and corporate events may be limited or restricted.

 

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There may be no centralized securities exchange on which securities are traded in frontier market countries. Also, securities laws in many frontier market countries are relatively new and unsettled. Therefore, laws regarding foreign investment in frontier market securities, securities regulation, title to securities, and shareholder rights may change quickly and unpredictably.

 

The frontier market countries in which the Fund invests may become subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S. Government and the United Nations. The value of the securities issued by companies that operate in, or have dealings with these countries may be negatively impacted by any such sanction or embargo and may reduce the Fund’s returns.

 

Banks in frontier market countries used to hold the Fund’s securities and other assets in that country may lack the same operating experience as banks in developed markets. In addition, in certain countries there may be legal restrictions or limitations on the ability of the Fund to recover assets held by a foreign bank in the event of the bankruptcy of the bank. Settlement systems in frontier markets may be less well organized than in the developed markets. As a result, there is greater risk than in developed countries that settlements will take longer and that cash or securities of the Fund may be in jeopardy because of failures of or defects in the settlement systems.

 

Hedging and Risk Management Transactions; Currency Risks. The Fund may, but is not required to, utilize financial instruments for hedging and risk management purposes in order to: (a) protect against possible changes in the market value of the Fund’s investment portfolios resulting from fluctuations in the securities markets and changes in interest rates, (b) protect the Fund’s unrealized gains in the value of the Fund’s investment portfolios, (c) facilitate the sale of any such investments, (d) preserve returns, spreads or gains on any investment in the Fund’s portfolios, (e) hedge the interest rate or currency exchange rate on any of the Fund’s liabilities or assets, (f) protect against any increase in the price of any investments the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date, or (g) for any other similar reason that the Adviser deems appropriate. The success of the Fund’s hedging strategy will be subject to the Adviser’s ability to correctly assess the degree of correlation between the performance of the instruments used in the hedging strategy and the performance of the investments in the portfolio being hedged and the Adviser’s ability to continually recalculate, readjust and execute hedges in an efficient and timely manner. The successful utilization of hedging and risk management transactions requires skills complementary to those needed in the selection of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. Regardless of skill, there can be no guarantee that instruments suitable for hedging purposes will be available at the time the Fund wishes to use them or that any hedge would reduce applicable risks. For example, JNAM does not expect that the full risk of currency fluctuations can be eliminated due to the limitations in the foreign currency market. Foreign currency exchange rates (or prices in currencies) can make substantial moves in short periods of time and in unanticipated directions due to a number of factors, including changing supply and demand relationships; fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and policies of governments; national and international political and economic events; government trade programs; changes in interest rates and rates of inflation; changes in currency valuations; and technical fluctuations of the marketplace. Because a material portion of the Fund’s investments may be denominated in or rely upon underlying cash flows denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, such changes could have a significant adverse impact on the Fund. Finally, while the Fund may enter into hedging transactions to seek to reduce risk, such transactions themselves may entail certain other risks, such as unanticipated changes in interest rates, the prices of investments or currency exchanges, which may result in a poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not engaged in such hedging transactions.

 

High-Yield Foreign Sovereign Debt Securities. Investing in fixed and floating rate high-yield foreign sovereign debt securities will expose the Fund investing in such securities to the direct or indirect consequences of political, social or economic changes in the countries that issue the securities. (See “Principal Risks - Foreign Securities Risk” in the Fund’s Prospectus). The ability and willingness of sovereign obligors in developing and emerging market countries or the foreign governmental authorities that control repayment of their external debt to pay principal and interest on such debt when due may depend on general economic and political conditions within the relevant country. Countries such as those in which the Fund may invest have historically experienced, and may continue to experience, high rates of inflation, high interest rates, exchange rate trade difficulties and extreme poverty and unemployment. Many of these countries are also characterized by political uncertainty or instability. Additional factors which may influence the ability or willingness to service debt include, but are not limited to, a country’s cash flow situation, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of its debt service burden to the economy as a whole, and its government’s policy toward the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and other international agencies.

 

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High-Yield Bonds and Securities of Distressed Companies. Investments in securities rated below investment grade that are eligible for purchase by the Fund are described as “speculative” by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”), S&P Global Ratings, and Fitch Ratings, Inc. (“Fitch”). Investment in lower rated corporate debt securities (“high-yield securities” or “junk bonds”) and securities of distressed companies generally provides greater income and increased opportunity for capital appreciation than investments in higher quality securities, but they also typically entail greater price volatility and principal and income risk. Securities of distressed companies include both debt and equity securities. High-yield securities and debt securities of distressed companies are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Issuer of high-yield and distressed company securities may be involved in restructurings or bankruptcy proceedings that may not be successful. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of debt securities that are high-yield or debt securities of distressed companies may be more complex than for issuers of higher quality debt securities.

 

High-yield securities and debt securities of distressed companies may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than investment grade securities. The prices of these securities have been found to be less sensitive to interest-rate changes than higher-rated investments, but more sensitive to adverse economic downturns or individual corporate developments. A projection of an economic downturn or of a period of rising interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in prices of high-yield securities and debt securities of distressed companies because the advent of a recession could lessen the ability of a highly leveraged company to make principal and interest payments on its debt securities. If an issuer of securities defaults, in addition to risking payment of all or a portion of interest and principal, the Fund, by investing in such securities, may incur additional expenses to seek recovery of their respective investments. In the case of securities structured as zero-coupon or pay-in-kind securities, their market prices are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes, and therefore tend to be more volatile than securities which pay interest periodically and in cash. The respective Sub-Advisers seek to reduce these risks through diversification, credit analysis and attention to current developments and trends in both the economy and financial markets.

 

The secondary market on which high-yield and distressed company securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for higher grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading market could adversely affect the price at which the Fund could sell a high-yield or distressed company security, and could adversely affect the daily net asset value of the shares. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of high-yield and distressed company securities, especially in a thinly traded market. When secondary markets for high-yield and distressed company securities are less liquid than the market for higher grade securities, it may be more difficult to value the securities because such valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a greater role in the valuation because there is less reliable, objective data available. The respective Sub-Advisers seek to minimize the risks of investing in all securities through diversification, in-depth analysis and attention to current market developments.

 

The use of credit ratings as the sole method of evaluating high-yield securities and debt securities of distressed companies can involve certain risks.  For example, credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments of a debt security, not the market value risk of a security.  Also, credit rating agencies may fail to change credit ratings in a timely fashion to reflect events since the security was last rated.  The Adviser and Sub-Advisers do not rely solely on credit ratings when selecting debt securities for a Fund, and develops its own independent analysis of issuer credit quality.  If a credit rating agency changes the rating of a debt security held by the Fund, the Fund may retain the security if the Adviser or Sub-Adviser, as appropriate, deems it in the best interest of shareholders.

 

Industry Concentration. A fund that concentrates its investments (invests more than 25% of its net assets) in a particular industry (or group of industries) is more exposed to the overall condition of the particular industry than a fund that invests in a wider variety of industries. A particular industry could be affected by economic, business, supply-and-demand, political, or regulatory factors. Companies within the same industry could react similarly to such factors. As a result, a fund’s concentration in a particular industry would increase the possibility that the Fund’s performance will be affected by such factors. To monitor compliance with the policy regarding industry concentration, the Fund may use the industry classifications provided by Bloomberg, L.P., the Morgan Stanley Capital International/Standard & Poor's Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS), the Directory of Companies Filing Annual Reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other reasonable industry classification system.

 

Infrastructure. The Fund is subject to risks associated with the ownership of infrastructure and infrastructure-related assets, including: supply and demand for services from and access to infrastructure; the financial condition of users and suppliers of infrastructure assets; changes in environmental laws and regulations and planning laws and other governmental rules; environmental claims; changes in energy prices; uninsured casualties; natural disasters, terrorist events, under-insured or uninsurable losses; and other factors. Many of these factors could cause fluctuations in usage, expenses and revenues, causing the value of infrastructure investments to decline and negatively affect the Fund’s returns.

 

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Government authorities at all levels are actively involved in adopting and enforcing regulations related to the ownership, use and operation of infrastructure assets. Such investments may require numerous regulatory approvals, licenses and permits to commence and continue their operations. Governments have considerable discretion in implementing regulations that could impact infrastructure assets, and because infrastructure businesses often provide basic, everyday services and face limited competition, governments may be influenced by political considerations and may make decisions that adversely affect the infrastructure investments. Such regulations could result in increased expenses and lower income for infrastructure companies, which would adversely affect the Fund's value.

 

Infrastructure investments are subject to operating and technical risks, including risk of mechanical breakdown, failure to perform according to design specifications, labor and other work interruptions, and other unanticipated events. An operating failure may lead to loss of a license, concession or contract on which an investment may depend. The long-term profitability of an infrastructure project, once constructed, is partly dependent upon efficient operation and maintenance of the assets. Inefficient operations and maintenance and, in certain infrastructure sectors, latent defects in acquired infrastructure assets may adversely affect the Fund's financial returns.


Infrastructure assets are often governed by complex legal documents and contracts. As a result, the risks of a dispute and consequent costs and delays may be higher than for other investments. In addition, the Fund may be subject to claims by third parties, including environmental claims, legal action arising out of acquisitions or dispositions, and third-party losses related to disruption of infrastructure services by an infrastructure provider. Further, it is not uncommon for infrastructure assets to be exposed to legal action from special interest groups seeking to impede infrastructure projects to which they are opposed. If any of the infrastructure investments become involved in material or protracted litigation, the litigation expenses and the liability threatened or imposed could have a material adverse effect on the Fund.

 

Leverage and Borrowing. The Fund intends to add leverage to its portfolio by utilizing borrowings, such as through bank loans and/or other credit facilities, including through one or more wholly owned and controlled subsidiaries formed by the Fund (“Subsidiaries”). The Fund may also enter into other transactions that may give rise to a form of leverage including, among others, loans of portfolio securities. Although it has no current intention to do so, the Fund may also determine to issue preferred shares or other types of senior securities to add leverage to its portfolio. The Fund’s Board may in the future authorize the issuance of preferred shares without the approval of Shareholders. If the Fund issues preferred shares in the future, all costs and expenses relating to the issuance and ongoing maintenance of the preferred shares will be borne by the Shareholders, and these costs and expenses may be significant. The Fund may choose to increase or decrease, or eliminate entirely, its use of leverage over time and from time to time based on the Adviser’s assessment of the yield curve environment, interest rate trends, market conditions and other factors.

 

The Fund may also borrow money in order to repurchase its Shares or as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including for the payment of dividends or the settlement of securities transactions which otherwise might require untimely dispositions of portfolio securities held by the Fund. See “Principal Risks - Leverage Risk” in the Fund’s Prospectus for additional discussion of the Fund’s ability to use leverage.

 

Limited Operating History Risks. The Fund is newly-formed and has no operating history upon which prospective investors may evaluate the Fund’s past performance and potential future returns. The Fund is subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any business with a limited operating history, including the risk that the Fund will not achieve its investment objective and that the value of Shares could decline.

 

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Liquidity Risk. Liquidity risk exists when the Fund reasonably expects that an investment cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven (7) calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment.  The Fund’s investment in a particular security may reduce the returns of the Fund because it may be unable to sell that security at an advantageous time or price.  Securities with liquidity risk include those that have small average trading volumes, lack a market maker or become subject to trading restrictions.  Funds with principal investment strategies that involve securities of private companies or funds, small-cap securities, large positions relative to market capitalization, foreign securities, derivatives, or securities with substantial market and/or credit risk tend to have the greatest exposure to liquidity risk.  Further, price movements of securities during a rebalance period could also negatively affect performance.


Market Disruption, Geopolitical Risk, and Natural and Environmental Disasters. The Fund is subject to the risk that geopolitical events will disrupt securities markets and adversely affect global economies and markets. Due to the increasing interdependence among global economies and markets, conditions in one country, market, or region might adversely impact markets, issuers and/or foreign exchange rates in other countries, including the U.S. War, terrorism, global health crises and pandemics, and other geopolitical events have led, and in the future may lead, to increased market volatility and may have adverse short- or long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets generally. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted, and may continue to result, in significant market volatility, exchange trading suspensions and closures, declines in global financial markets, higher default rates, and a substantial economic downturn in economies throughout the world. Natural and environmental disasters and systemic market dislocations are also highly disruptive to economies and markets. Those events as well as other changes in non-U.S. and domestic economic, social, and political conditions also could adversely affect individual issuers or related groups of issuers, securities markets, interest rates, credit ratings, inflation, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Fund’s investments. Any of these occurrences could disrupt the operations of the Fund and of the Fund’s service providers.

 

Portfolio Turnover. Portfolio turnover is the buying and selling of securities held by the Fund. The Fund may engage in short-term transactions if such transactions further its investment objective. The Fund may sell one security and simultaneously purchase another of comparable quality or simultaneously purchase and sell the same security to take advantage of short-term differentials in bond yields or otherwise purchase individual securities in anticipation of relatively short-term price gains. The rate of portfolio turnover will not be a determining factor in the purchase and sale of such securities. Portfolio turnover rates also may be increased by purchases or requests for repurchase of the Fund’s shares, because of the need to invest new cash resulting from purchases of shares or the need to sell portfolio securities owned in order to meet repurchase requests. Increased portfolio turnover necessarily results in correspondingly higher costs including brokerage commissions, dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestment in other securities to the Fund. Thus, the higher the rate of portfolio turnover of the Fund, the higher these transaction costs borne by the Fund generally will be. Changes in portfolio turnover rates are generally the result of active trading strategies employed by the Fund’s portfolio managers in response to market conditions, and not reflective of a material change in investment strategy.


Real Estate Investing. Investments in securities of issuers engaged in the real estate industry entail special risks and considerations. In particular, securities of such issuers may be subject to risks associated with the direct ownership of real estate. These risks include the cyclical nature of real estate values, risks related to general and local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, demographic trends and variations in rental income, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, environmental risks, regulatory limitations on rents, changes in neighborhood values, changes in the appeal of properties to tenants, increases in interest rates and other real estate capital market influences. Generally, increases in interest rates will increase the costs of obtaining financing, which could directly and indirectly decrease the value of the Fund’s investments.

 

Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITs”) and Foreign Real Estate Companies.  The Fund may invest in REITs, including equity, mortgage and hybrid REITs, and/or foreign real estate companies, which are similar to entities organized and operated as REITs in the United States. REITs and foreign real estate companies pool investors’ funds for investment primarily in real estate properties or real estate-related loans. REITs and foreign real estate companies generally derive their income from rents on the underlying properties or interest on the underlying loans, and their value is impacted by changes in the value of the underlying property or changes in interest rates affecting the underlying loans owned by the REITs and/or foreign real estate companies. REITs and foreign real estate companies are more susceptible to risks associated with the ownership of real estate and the real estate industry in general. These risks can include fluctuations in the value of underlying properties; defaults by borrowers or tenants; market saturation; changes in general and local economic conditions; decreases in market rates for rents; increases in competition, property taxes, capital expenditures or operating expenses; and other economic, political or regulatory occurrences affecting the real estate industry. In addition, REITs and foreign real estate companies depend upon specialized management skills, may not be diversified (which may increase the volatility of a REIT’s and/or foreign real estate company’s value), may have less trading volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than the overall securities market. Foreign real estate companies may be subject to laws, rules and regulations governing those entities and their failure to comply with those laws, rules and regulations could negatively impact the performance of those entities. Operating REITs and foreign real estate companies requires specialized management skills and the Fund indirectly bears management expenses along with the direct expenses of the Fund. REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with several requirements of the Code. REITs are subject to the risk of failing to qualify for favorable tax treatment under the Code.


 

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Recent Market Events. In the past decade, financial markets throughout the world have experienced increased volatility, depressed valuations, decreased liquidity and heightened uncertainty and turmoil. This turmoil resulted in unusual and extreme volatility in the equity and debt markets, in the prices of individual securities and in the world economy. Events that have contributed to these market conditions include, but are not limited to, major cybersecurity events, geopolitical events (including wars, terror attacks and public health emergencies), measures to address budget deficits, downgrading of sovereign debt, declines in oil and commodity prices, dramatic changes in currency exchange rates, and public sentiment. In addition, many governments and quasi-governmental entities throughout the world have responded to the turmoil with a variety of significant fiscal and monetary policy changes, including, but not limited to, direct capital infusions into companies, and new monetary programs.

 

Events in the financial sector over the past several years have resulted in reduced liquidity in credit and fixed income markets and in an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets, both domestically and internationally, particularly in Europe. While entire markets have been affected, issuers that have exposure to the real estate, mortgage and credit markets have been particularly vulnerable. These events and the potential for continuing market turbulence may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s investments.

 

The instability in the financial markets has led the U.S. Government to take a number of unprecedented actions designed to support certain financial institutions and segments of the financial markets that have experienced extreme volatility, and, in some cases, a lack of liquidity. Federal, state, and other governments, their regulatory agencies, or self-regulatory organizations may take actions that affect the regulation of the instruments in which the Fund invests, or affect the issuers of such instruments, in ways that are unforeseeable. Recent laws and regulations contain provisions limiting the way banks and their holding companies are able to pay dividends, purchase their own common stock and compensate officers. The Dodd-Frank Act established a Financial Services Oversight Council to facilitate information sharing and identify systemic risks. Additionally, the Dodd-Frank Act allows the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to "take over" a failing bank in situations when the overall stability of the financial system could be at risk. These regulatory changes could cause business disruptions or result in significant loss of revenue, and there can be no assurance as to the actual impact that these laws and their regulations will have on the financial markets. Such legislation or regulation could limit or preclude the Fund's ability to achieve its investment objective.

 

Governments or their regulatory agencies may also acquire distressed assets from financial institutions and acquire ownership interests in those institutions. The implications of government ownership and disposition of these assets are unclear, and such ownership or disposition may have positive or negative effects on the liquidity, valuation and performance of the Fund’s portfolio holdings.

 

Following the financial crisis that began in 2007, the Federal Reserve attempted to stabilize the U.S. economy and support the U.S. economic recovery by keeping the federal funds rate low. More recently, the Federal Reserve has terminated certain of its market support activities and began raising interest rates. The withdrawal of this support could negatively affect financial markets generally as well as reduce the value and liquidity of certain securities. Additionally, with continued economic recovery and the cessation of certain market support activities, the Fund may face a heightened level of interest rate risk as a result of a rise or increased volatility in interest rates. These policy changes may reduce liquidity for certain of the Fund’s investments, causing the value of the Fund’s investments and share price to decline.

 

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Continuing uncertainty as to the status of the Euro and the European Monetary Union (“EMU”) and the potential for certain countries to withdraw from the institution has created significant volatility in currency and financial markets generally. Any partial or complete dissolution of the EMU could have significant adverse effects on currency and financial markets, and on the values of the Fund’s portfolio investments.

 

The United Kingdom (“U.K.”) left the European Union (“EU”) on January 31, 2020 (commonly referred to as “Brexit”). Following the withdrawal, there was an eleven-month transition period, ending December 31, 2020, during which the U.K. and the EU agreed to a Trade and Cooperation Agreement, which set out the agreement for certain parts of the future relationship between the U.K. and the EU from January 1, 2021. The Trade and Cooperation Agreement does not provide the U.K. with the same level of rights or access to all goods and services in the EU as the U.K. previously maintained as a member of the EU and during the transition period. In particular the Trade and Cooperation Agreement does not include an agreement on financial services which is yet to be agreed. Accordingly, uncertainty remains in certain areas as to the future relationship between the U.K. and EU.

 

Although one cannot predict the full effect of Brexit, it could have a significant adverse impact on the U.K., European, and global macroeconomic conditions and could lead to prolonged political, legal, regulatory, tax and economic uncertainty. Given the size and importance of the U.K.’s economy, uncertainty about its legal, political, and economic relationship with the remaining member states of the EU may continue to be a source of instability. Moreover, other countries may seek to withdraw from the EU and/or abandon the euro, the common currency of the EU. A number of countries in Europe have suffered terror attacks, and additional attacks may occur in the future. Ukraine has experienced ongoing military conflict; this conflict may expand and military attacks could occur elsewhere in Europe. Europe has also been struggling with mass migration from the Middle East and Africa. The ultimate effects of these events and other socio-political or geographical issues are not known but could profoundly affect global economies and markets.

 

As a result of political and military actions undertaken by Russia, the U.S. and the EU have instituted sanctions against certain Russian individuals, including politicians, and Russian corporate and banking entities. These countries could also institute broader sanctions on Russia, including banning Russia from global payment systems that facilitate cross-border payments. These sanctions and any additional sanctions or other intergovernmental actions that may be undertaken against Russia in the future may result in the devaluation of Russian currency, a downgrade in the country’s credit rating, and a decline in the value and liquidity of Russian securities. Such actions could result in a freeze of Russian securities, impairing the ability of a fund to buy, sell, receive, or deliver those securities. Retaliatory action by the Russian government could involve the seizure of U.S. and/or European residents’ assets, and any such actions are likely to impair the value and liquidity of such assets. Any or all of these potential results could have an adverse/recessionary effect on Russia’s economy. All of these factors could have a negative effect on the performance of funds that have significant exposure to Russia.

 

In addition, Russia also may attempt to assert its influence in the region through economic or even military measures, as it did with Georgia in the summer of 2008 and Ukraine in 2014 and 2022. Russia launched a large-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The extent and duration of the military action, resulting sanctions and the potential for future sanctions, and resulting future market disruptions, including declines in its stock markets and the value of the ruble against the U.S. dollar, are impossible to predict, but could be significant. Any such disruptions caused by Russian military action or other actions (including cyberattacks and espionage) or resulting actual and threatened responses to such activity, including purchasing and financing restrictions, boycotts or changes in consumer or purchaser preferences, sanctions, tariffs or cyberattacks on the Russian government, Russian companies or Russian individuals, including politicians, may negatively impact Russia’s economy and Russian issuers of securities in which the Fund invests. Actual and threatened responses to such military action may also impact the markets for certain Russian commodities, such as oil and natural gas, as well as other sectors of the Russian economy, and may likely have collateral impacts on such sectors globally. These and any related events could have significant impact on Fund performance and the value of an investment in the Fund.

 

While the extreme volatility and disruption that U.S. and global markets experienced for an extended period of time beginning in 2007 and 2008 had, until the coronavirus outbreak, generally subsided, uncertainty and periods of volatility still remain. Federal Reserve policy, including with respect to certain interest rates, may adversely affect the value, volatility and liquidity of dividend and interest paying securities. Additionally, in March 2023, the shut down of certain regional banks resulted in concerns over disruption in the U.S. banking system. Additional bank shut-downs or failures in the future could have adverse impacts on the Fund. Market volatility, dramatic changes to interest rates and/or a return to unfavorable economic conditions may lower the Fund’s performance or impair the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.

 

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In addition, policy and legislative changes in the U.S. and in other countries are changing many aspects of financial regulation. The impact of these changes on the markets, and the practical implications for market participants, may not be fully known for some time. Widespread disease and virus epidemics, such as the recent coronavirus outbreak, could likewise be highly disruptive, adversely affecting industries, markets, currencies, interest and inflation rates, credit ratings, investor sentiment, and other factors affecting the value of the Fund’s investments.

 

Repurchase Agreements and Reverse Repurchase Agreements. The Fund may invest in repurchase or reverse repurchase agreements for the purposes of maintaining liquidity and achieving income. A repurchase agreement involves the purchase of a security by a Fund and a simultaneous agreement by the seller, generally by a bank or broker-dealer, to repurchase that security from the Fund at a specified price and date or upon demand. This technique offers a method of earning income on idle cash. A repurchase agreement may be considered a loan collateralized by the underlying security, which typically is a U.S. Treasury bill or note, or other highly liquid short-term security. The Fund will only enter into repurchase agreements that are fully collateralized. For a repurchase agreement to be considered fully collateralized, the Fund must take physical possession of the security or receive written confirmation of the purchase and a custodial or safekeeping receipt from a third party or be recorded as the owner of the security through the Federal Reserve Book Entry System.

 

The Fund may invest in open repurchase agreements which vary from the typical agreement in the following respects: (1) the agreement has no set maturity, but instead matures upon 24 hours’ notice to the seller; and (2) the repurchase price is not determined at the time the agreement is entered into, but is instead based on a variable interest rate and the duration of the agreement. In addition, the Fund, together with other registered investment companies having management agreements with the Adviser or its affiliates, may transfer uninvested cash balances into a money market fund, the daily aggregate balance of which will be invested in one or more repurchase agreements.

 

Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risks that the interest income earned on the investment of the proceeds will be less than the interest expense and Fund expenses associated with the repurchase agreement, that the market value of the securities sold by the Fund may decline below the price at which the Fund is obligated to repurchase such securities and that the securities may not be returned to the Fund. There is no assurance that reverse repurchase agreements can be successfully employed. When the Fund invests in a reverse repurchase agreement, it sells a portfolio security to another party, such as a bank or a broker-dealer, in return for cash, and agrees to buy the security back at a future date and price. Reverse repurchase agreements may be used as a form of a “short sale,” because the Fund is effectively selling the security with an agreement to repurchase the security at a later date (see “Additional Information on Investment Techniques of the Fund and Related Risks - Short Sales” for additional information). When entering into a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund may seek to profit on the difference between the initial security sale price and the repurchase price of that security.

 

Securitized Products. Securitized products are fixed income instruments that represent interests in underlying pools of collateral or assets. The value of the securitized product is derived from the performance, value, and cash flows of the underlying asset(s).

 

The Fund’s investments in securitized products are subject to risks similar to traditional fixed income securities, such as credit, interest rate, liquidity, prepayment, extension, and default risk, as well as additional risks associated with the nature of the assets and the servicing of those assets. Prepayment risk may make it difficult to calculate the average life of the Fund’s investment in securitized products. Securitized products are generally issued as pass-through certificates, which represent the right to receive principal and interest payments collected on the underlying pool of assets, which are passed through to the security holder. Therefore, repayment depends on the cash flows generated by the underlying pool of assets. The securities may be rated as investment-grade or below-investment-grade.

 


Mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) represent an interest in a pool of underlying mortgage loans secured by real property. MBS are sensitive to changes in interest rates, but may respond to these changes differently from other fixed income securities due to the possibility of prepayment of the underlying mortgage loans. If interest rates fall and the underlying loans are prepaid faster than expected, the Fund may have to reinvest the prepaid principal in lower yielding securities, thus reducing the Fund’s income. Conversely, rising interest rates tend to discourage refinancings and the underlying loans may be prepaid more slowly than expected, reducing the Fund’s potential to reinvest the principal in higher yielding securities and extending the duration of the underlying loans. In addition, when market conditions result in an increase in default rates on the underlying loans and the foreclosure values of the underlying real estate is less than the outstanding amount due on the underlying loan, collection of the full amount of accrued interest and principal on these investments may be doubtful. The risk of such defaults is generally higher in the case of underlying mortgage pools that include sub-prime mortgages (mortgages granted to borrowers whose credit histories would not support conventional mortgages).

 

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Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) represent an interest in a pool of underlying commercial mortgage loans secured by real property such as retail, office, hotel, multi-family, and industrial properties. Certain CMBS are issued in several classes with different levels of yield and credit protection, and the CMBS class in which the Fund invests usually influences the interest rate, credit, and prepayment risks.

 


Asset-backed securities (“ABS”) are backed by non-mortgage assets such as company receivables, truck and auto loans, student loans, leases and credit card receivables. ABS entail credit risk. They also may present a risk that, in the event of default, the liquidation value of the underlying assets may be inadequate to pay any unpaid interest or principal.

 

Short Sales. The Fund may make short sales of securities: (i) to offset potential declines in long positions in similar securities; (ii) to increase the flexibility of a Fund; (iii) for investment return; (iv) as part of a risk arbitrage strategy; and (v) as part of its overall portfolio management strategies involving the use of derivative instruments. A short sale is a transaction in which a Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline.

 

When a Fund makes a short sale of a security, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale as collateral for its obligation to deliver the security upon conclusion of the sale. The Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and is often obligated to pay over any accrued interest and dividends on such borrowed securities.

 

If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time that the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.

 

The Fund may invest pursuant to a risk arbitrage strategy to take advantage of a perceived relationship between the value of two securities. Frequently, a risk arbitrage strategy involves the short sale of a security.

 

To the extent that a Fund engages in short sales of securities, it will provide collateral to the broker-dealer. The Fund will engage in short selling to the extent permitted by the federal securities laws and rules and interpretations thereunder. To the extent a Fund engages in short selling in foreign (non-U.S.) jurisdictions, the Fund will do so to the extent permitted by the laws and regulations of such jurisdiction. In response to market events, the SEC and regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions may adopt (and in certain cases, have adopted) reporting requirements for and/or bans on short sales of certain securities, including short positions on such securities acquired through swaps. Bans on short selling and such short positions may limit a Fund's ability to execute certain of its investment strategies.

 

There can be no assurance that the short positions that a Fund holds will act as an effective hedge against its long positions. Any decrease in negative correlation or increase in positive correlation between the positions the Sub-Adviser anticipated would be offsetting (such as short and long positions in securities or currencies held by a Fund) could result in significant losses for the Fund. A Fund may also take a short position in a derivative instrument, such as a future, forward or swap. A short position on a derivative instrument involves the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the value of the underlying instrument.

 

Special Purpose Acquisition Companies. A Fund may invest in stock, warrants, and other securities of special purpose acquisition companies or similar special purpose entities that pool funds to seek potential acquisition opportunities (“SPACs”). Unless and until an acquisition meeting the SPAC’s requirements is completed, a SPAC generally invests its assets (less a portion retained to cover expenses) in U.S. Government securities, money market securities and cash; if an acquisition that meets the requirements for the SPAC is not completed within a pre-established period of time, the invested funds are returned to the entity’s shareholders. Because SPACs and similar entities have no operating history or ongoing business other than seeking acquisitions, the value of their securities is particularly dependent on the ability of the entity’s management to identify and complete a profitable acquisition. Some SPACs may pursue acquisitions only within certain industries or regions, which may increase the volatility of their prices. In addition, these securities, which are typically traded in the over-the-counter market, may be considered illiquid and/or be subject to restrictions on resale.

 

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An investment in a SPAC is subject to a variety of risks, including that (i) a significant portion of the monies raised by the SPAC for the purpose of identifying and effecting an acquisition or merger may be expended during the search for a target transaction; (ii) an attractive acquisition or merger target may not be identified at all and the SPAC will be required to return any remaining monies to shareholders; (iii) any proposed merger or acquisition may be unable to obtain the requisite approval, if any, of SPAC shareholders; (iv) an acquisition or merger once effected may prove unsuccessful and an investment in the SPAC may lose value; (v) the warrants or other rights with respect to the SPAC held by the Fund may expire worthless or may be repurchased or retired by the SPAC at an unfavorable price; (vi) the Fund will be delayed in receiving any redemption or liquidation proceeds from a SPAC to which it is entitled; (vii) an investment in a SPAC may be diluted by additional later offerings of interests in the SPAC or by other investors exercising existing rights to purchase shares of the SPAC; (viii) no or only a thinly traded market for shares of or interests in a SPAC may develop, leaving the Fund unable to sell its interest in a SPAC or to sell its interest only at a price below what the Fund believes is the SPAC interest’s intrinsic value; and (ix) the values of investments in SPACs may be highly volatile and may depreciate significantly over time.

 

Temporary Defensive Strategies Risk. From time to time, the Fund may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies as a defensive measure when the Adviser anticipates unusual market or other conditions. When a temporary defensive posture is believed by the Adviser to be warranted (“temporary defensive periods”), the Fund may without limitation hold cash or invest its Managed Assets in money market instruments and repurchase agreements in respect of those instruments. The money market instruments in which the Fund may invest are obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities; commercial paper rated A-1 or higher by S&P or Prime-1 by Moody’s; and certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances issued by domestic branches of U.S. banks that are members of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. During temporary defensive periods, the Fund may also invest to the extent permitted by applicable law in shares of money market mutual funds. Money market mutual funds are investment companies and the investments in those companies by the Fund are in some cases subject to applicable law. To the extent that the Fund invests defensively, it may not achieve its investment objective.

 

Timber. Investments in timberland and timber-related assets are dependent on prevailing market prices for wood products, which can fluctuate over time. Such prices are affected by changes in supply and demand, especially within a particular geographic area. Demand for wood products is affected by various factors in the world economy, such as regional growth rates, construction activity, changes in currency exchange rates and capital spending. Adverse conditions in the larger economy may result in lower investment in any or all of the markets related to the Fund’s timber investments. Decreases in demand, increases in supply, or both, may reduce timber prices, which in turn may reduce the Fund’s revenues on timber-related investments.

 

Changes in foreign or United States trade policies, including but not limited to tariffs or trading agreements with other countries affecting the cost of imported lumber, could negatively affect the market for the timber. Long-term oversupply sourced from any foreign timber suppliers could negatively affect the value of the timberland investments of the Fund upon their disposition.

 

Timberland operations are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws and regulations, including those relating to the environment, endangered species, forestry activities, and health and safety. The laws and regulations intended to protect threatened and endangered species, and other environmental laws and regulations, are stringent and could become more so in the future. Timber operations are also subject to specialized statutes and regulations governing forestry operations, and to other environmental laws, some of which may in the future restrict harvesting, road building and other activities.

 

Natural causes such as fire, insect infestation, bad weather, and global climate shifts may have an impact on the timing of harvests, or reduce the volume and value of timber harvested. This in turn may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s timber investments. Extreme drought conditions could reduce the survival rate of trees planted within a year of the drought conditions. Ice storms and hurricanes could necessitate the early or unplanned harvesting of affected trees. Prolonged periods of adverse weather could negatively affect the quality of the timber produced, negatively affecting the value of both the harvest and the residual value of timberland.

 

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The Fund’s ability to promptly sell timber-related investments in its portfolio in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions is limited, which could impede the Fund’s ability to respond to market opportunities and result in lower distributions than would be available if the Fund and were able to quickly respond to such market opportunities.

 

U.S. Government Securities.  A Fund may invest in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities (“U.S. Government securities”) in pursuit of its investment objective, in order to deposit such securities as initial or variation margin, as part of a cash reserve and for liquidity purposes.

 

U.S. Government securities are high-quality instruments issued or guaranteed as to principal or interest by the U.S. Treasury or by an agency or instrumentality of the U.S. Government. Not all U.S. Government securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States. Some are backed by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others are backed by discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agencies’ obligations; while others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. In the case of securities not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, the investor must look principally to the agency issuing or guaranteeing the obligation for ultimate repayment.

 

U.S. Government securities include Treasury Bills (which mature within one year of the date they are issued), Treasury Notes (which have maturities of one to ten years) and Treasury Bonds (which generally have maturities of more than 10 years). All such Treasury securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States.

 

U.S. Government agencies and instrumentalities that issue or guarantee securities include the Federal Housing Administration, the Fannie Mae©, the Farmers Home Administration, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Small Business Administration, the Ginnie Mae®, the General Services Administration, the Central Bank for Cooperatives, the Federal Home Loan Banks the Freddie Mac©, the Farm Credit Banks, the Maritime Administration, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Resolution Funding Corporation and the Student Loan Marketing Association (“Sallie Mae©”).

 

In September 2008, the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) announced that Fannie Mae© and Freddie Mac® had been placed in conservatorship. Since that time, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have received significant capital support through Treasury preferred stock purchases as well as Treasury and Federal Reserve purchases of their mortgage backed securities. While the purchase programs for mortgage-backed securities ended in 2010, the Treasury continued its support for the entities’ capital as necessary to prevent a negative net worth. From the end of 2007 through the first quarter of 2014, FNMA and FHLMC have received U.S. Treasury support of approximately $187.5 billion through draws under the preferred stock purchase agreements. However, they have repaid approximately $203 billion in senior preferred dividends to the U.S. Treasury over the same period. FNMA and FHLMC ended the second quarter of 2014 with positive net worth and, as a result, neither required a draw from the U.S. Treasury. In April 2014, FHFA projected that FNMA and FHLMC would require no additional draws from the U.S. Treasury through the end of 2015. However, FHFA also conducted a stress test mandated by the Dodd-Frank Act, which suggested that in a “severely adverse scenario” additional U.S. Treasury support of between $84.4 billion and $190 billion (depending on the treatment of deferred tax assets) might be required. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the Federal Reserve, Treasury, or FHFA initiatives discussed above will ensure that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will remain successful in meeting their obligations with respect to the debt and mortgage-backed securities they issue. In addition, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac also are the subject of several continuing class action lawsuits and investigations by federal regulators, which (along with any resulting financial restatements) may adversely affect the guaranteeing entities. Importantly, the future of the entities is in serious question as the U.S. Government is considering multiple options, which range from significant reform to nationalization, privatization, consolidation, or even abolishment of the entities.

 

The FHFA and the Treasury (through its agreements to purchase preferred stock of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) also have imposed strict limits on the size of the mortgage portfolios of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. In August 2012, the Treasury amended its preferred stock purchase agreements to provide that the portfolios of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will be wound down at an annual rate of 15 percent (up from the previously agreed annual rate of 10 percent), requiring Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to reach the $250 billion target four years earlier than previously planned. Further, when a ratings agency downgraded long-term U.S. Government debt in August 2011, the agency also downgraded the bond ratings of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, from AAA to AA+, based on their direct reliance on the U.S. Government (although that rating did not directly relate to their mortgage-backed securities). The U.S. Government’s commitment to ensure that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have sufficient capital to meet their obligations was, however, unaffected by the downgrade.

 

27 

 

 

Additionally, in 2012 the FHFA initiated a strategic plan to develop a program of credit risk transfer intended to reduce Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s overall risk through the creation of credit risk transfer assets (“CRTs”). CRTs come in two primary series: Structured Agency Credit Risk (“STACRs”) for Freddie Mac and Connecticut Avenue Securities (“CAS”) for Fannie Mae, although other series may be developed in the future. CRTs are typically structured as unsecured general obligations of either the government-sponsored entities (“GSEs”) or special purpose entities and their cash flows are based on the performance of a pool of reference loans. Unlike traditional residential MBS securities, bond payments typically do not come directly from the underlying mortgages.  Instead, the GSEs either make the payments to CRT investors, or the GSEs make certain payments to the special purpose entities and the special purpose entities make payments to the investors.  In certain structures, the special purpose entities make payments to the GSEs upon the occurrence of credit events with respect to the underlying mortgages, and the obligation of the special purpose entity to make such payments to the GSE is senior to the obligation of the special purpose entity to make payments to the CRT investors.  CRTs are typically floating rate securities and may have multiple tranches with losses first allocated to the most junior or subordinate tranche and this structure results in increased sensitivity to dramatic housing downturns, especially for the subordinate tranches. Many CRTs also have collateral performance triggers (e.g., based on credit enhancement, delinquencies or defaults, etc.) that could shut off principal payments to subordinate tranches. Generally, GSEs have the ability to call all of the CRT tranches at par in 10 years.

 

In addition, the problems faced by FNMA and FHLMC, resulting in their being placed into federal conservatorship and receiving significant U.S. Government support, have sparked serious debate among federal policy makers regarding the continued role of the U.S. Government in providing liquidity for mortgage loans. In December 2011, Congress enacted the Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act (“TCCA”) of 2011 which, among other provisions, requires that FNMA and FHLMC increase their single-family guaranty fees by at least 10 basis points and remit this increase to Treasury with respect to all loans acquired by FNMA and FHLMC on or after April 1, 2012 and before January 1, 2022. Serious discussions among policymakers continue, however, as to whether FNMA and FHLMC should be nationalized, privatized, restructured, or eliminated altogether. FNMA reported in the second quarter of 2014 that there was “significant uncertainty regarding the future of our company, including how long the company will continue to exist in its current form, the extent of our role in the market, what form we will have, and what ownership interest, if any, our current common and preferred stockholders will hold in us after the conservatorship is terminated and whether we will continue to exist following conservatorship.” FHLMC faces similar uncertainty about its future role. FNMA and FHLMC also are the subject of several continuing legal actions and investigations over certain accounting, disclosure or corporate governance matters, which (along with any resulting financial restatements) may continue to have an adverse effect on the guaranteeing entities.

 

On December 21, 2017, the FHFA and the Treasury agreed to reinstate a $3 billion capital reserve amount for both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The Treasury and FHFA agreed to change the terms of the Senior Preferred Stock certificate to permit Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to each retain a $3 billion capital reserve each quarter. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2017, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will only pay a dividend to the Treasury if the net worth of each at the end of the quarter is more than $3 billion.

 

FHFA and the White House have made public statements regarding plans to consider ending the conservatorships of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. In the event that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are taken out of conservatorship, it is unclear how the capital structure of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac would be constructed and what effects, if any, there may be on Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s creditworthiness and guarantees of certain mortgage-backed securities. It is also unclear whether the U.S. Treasury would continue to enforce its rights or perform its obligations under the Senior Preferred Stock certificate. As of the date of this SAI, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac remain in conservatorship. Should Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s conservatorship end, there could be an adverse impact on the value of their securities, which could cause losses to the Fund.

 

Yields on short-, intermediate- and long-term U.S. Government securities are dependent on a variety of factors, including the general conditions of the money and bond markets, the size of a particular offering and the maturity of the obligation. Debt securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher capital appreciation and depreciation than obligations with shorter maturities and lower yields. The market value of U.S. Government securities generally varies inversely with changes in the market interest rates. An increase in interest rates, therefore, generally would reduce the market value of a Fund’s portfolio investments in U.S. Government securities, while a decline in interest rates generally would increase the market value of a Fund’s portfolio investments in these securities.

 

28 

 

 

Unspecified Investments; Dependence on the Sub-Advisers. The Adviser and each Sub-Adviser has complete discretion to select investments for the Fund or its respective sleeve of the Fund as opportunities arise. The Fund and, accordingly, Shareholders, must rely upon the ability of the Adviser and each Sub-Adviser to identify and implement Fund Investments consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. Shareholders will not receive or otherwise be privy to due diligence or risk information prepared by or for each Sub-Adviser in respect of the fund’s investments. The Adviser and each Sub-Adviser has the authority and responsibility for asset allocation, the selection of Fund Investments and all other investment decisions for the Fund or its respective sleeve of the Fund. The success of the Fund depends upon the ability of the Adviser and each Sub-Adviser to develop and implement investment strategies that achieve the investment objective of the Fund. Shareholders will have no right or power to participate in the management or control of the Fund or Fund Investments, or the terms of any such investments. There can be no assurance that the Adviser or each Sub-Adviser will be able to select or implement successful strategies or achieve their respective investment objective.

 

DISTRIBUTION OF FUND SHARES

 

[Jackson National Life Distributors LLC] (the “Distributor”) serves as the distributor of the Fund’s Shares on a best efforts basis pursuant to a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) with the Fund, which is subject to annual approval by the Board. The Distributor’s principal business address is [300 Innovation Drive, Franklin, Tennessee 37067].

 

Under the Fund’s Distribution Agreement, the Distributor is also responsible for entering into agreements with broker-dealers or other financial intermediaries (“Selling Agents”) to assist in the distribution of the Shares, reviewing the Fund’s proposed advertising materials and sales literature and making certain filings with regulators. For these services, the Distributor receives a fee from the Adviser. The Adviser is also responsible for paying any out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Distributor in providing services under the Distribution Agreement.

 

Under the Fund’s Distribution Agreement with the Distributor, the Fund agrees to indemnify the Distributor and its officers, directors, employees, agents or affiliates for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund or any shareholder of the Fund as a result of: (1) the Distributor serving as distributor of the Fund pursuant to the agreement; or (2) the Distributor’s failure to perform due to events beyond the reasonable control of the Distributor or its agents, except for a loss resulting from the Distributor’s willful misfeasance, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the agreement. See “Distributor” in the Fund’s Prospectus for additional information regarding the distribution of the Fund’s Shares.

 

Shareholder Servicing Plan

 

The Fund has implemented a “Shareholder Services Plan” with respect to its Class A shares under which the Fund may compensate financial intermediaries for providing ongoing services in respect of Fund shareholders. Such services may include responding to customer inquiries of a general nature regarding the Fund; crediting distributions from the Fund to customer accounts; arranging for bank wire transfer of funds to or from a customer’s account; responding to customer inquiries and requests regarding SAI, shareholder reports, notices, proxies and proxy statements, and other Fund documents; forwarding prospectuses, SAIs, tax notices and annual and semi-annual reports to beneficial owners of Fund shares; and providing such other similar services as the Fund may reasonably request to the extent a financial intermediary is permitted to do so under applicable statutes, rules, or regulations.

 


 

29 

 

 

Under the Shareholder Services Plan, the Fund, with respect to Class A shares, may incur expenses on an annual basis equal up to 0.25% of its average net assets attributable to Class A shares. The Adviser, the Distributor or an affiliate may make additional payments to intermediaries for these and other services, and their payments may be based on the same or other methods of calculation. Class I shares are not subject to the Shareholder Servicing Fee. See "Distribution of Fund Shares - Other Payments Made by the Adviser, Administrator and/or Distributor" below.

 

Other Payments Made by the Adviser, Administrator and/or Distributor

 

The Adviser, the Administrator, the Distributor, or an affiliate may, from time to time, out of its (or their) own resources, make substantial cash payments — sometimes referred to as “revenue sharing” — to broker-dealers or financial intermediaries for various reasons. The revenue sharing payments do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of the Fund’s shares or the amount the Fund will receive as proceeds from such sales. Although a broker-dealer or financial intermediary may seek revenue sharing payments to offset costs incurred by the firm in servicing its clients who have invested in the Fund, the aggregate amount of these payments to broker-dealers or financial intermediaries may be substantial and may exceed the actual costs incurred in engaging in these promotional activities or services. Accordingly, broker-dealers or financial intermediaries may realize a profit in connection with such activities or services.

 

Revenue sharing payments may support the delivery of services to the Fund or to shareholders in the Fund, including, without limitation, transaction processing and sub-accounting services. These payments also may serve as an incentive to sell shares of the Fund and/or to promote retention of customer assets in the Fund. The Distributor, the Adviser, the Administrator, or an affiliate does not consider a broker-dealer or financial intermediary’s sale of shares of the Fund when selecting brokers or dealers to effect portfolio transactions for the Fund.

 

Revenue sharing also may include any other payment requirement of a broker-dealer or another third-party intermediary. All such payments are paid by the Adviser, the Distributor, the Administrator, or an affiliate of either out of its (or their) own resources. Revenue sharing payments may be structured, among other means, (i) as a percentage of sales; (ii) as a percentage of net assets; (iii) as a flat fee per transaction; (iv) as a fixed dollar amount; or (v) as some combination of any of these. In many cases, they therefore may be viewed as encouraging sales activity or retention of assets in the Fund. Generally, any revenue sharing or other payments of the type just described will have been requested by the party receiving them, often as a condition of distribution, but are subject to negotiation as to their structure and scope. Various factors are used to determine whether to make revenue sharing payments. Possible considerations include, without limitation, the types of services provided by the broker-dealer or financial intermediary, sales of Fund shares, the redemption rates on accounts of clients of the broker-dealer or financial intermediary or overall asset levels of the Fund held for or by clients of the broker-dealer or financial intermediary, the willingness of the broker-dealer or financial intermediary to allow the Distributor, the Adviser, or an affiliate to provide educational and training support for the broker-dealer’s or financial intermediary’s sales personnel relating to the Fund, as well as the overall quality of the services provided by the broker-dealer or financial intermediary.

 

Shareholders or prospective investors should be aware that revenue sharing arrangements or other payments to intermediaries could create incentives on the part of the parties receiving the payments to consider selling more shares of the Fund relative to other funds either not making payments of this nature or making smaller such payments. A Shareholder or prospective investor with questions regarding revenue sharing or other such payments may obtain more details by contacting his or her broker representative or other financial intermediary directly.

 

How to Purchase Shares

 

The methods of buying and selling shares and the sales charges applicable to purchases of shares of the Fund are described in the Prospectus.

 

REPURCHASE OF COMMON SHARES

 

In order to provide some liquidity to Shareholders, and pursuant to the Fund’s fundamental policy, the Fund is required to make quarterly offers to repurchase between 5% and 25% of its outstanding Shares at the applicable NAV per Share. Notices of each quarterly repurchase offer are sent to Shareholders at least twenty-one (21) and no more than forty-two (42) days before the “Repurchase Request Deadline” (i.e., the date by which Shareholders can tender their Shares in response to a repurchase offer). The Fund determines the NAV applicable to repurchases no later than the 14th day after the Repurchase Request Deadline (or the next business day, if the 14th day is not a business day) (the “Repurchase Pricing Date”). The Fund expects to distribute payment to Shareholders between one (1) and three (3) business days after the Repurchase Pricing Date and will distribute such payment no later than seven (7) calendar days after such date. The Fund’s NAV per Share may change materially between the date a repurchase offer is mailed and the Repurchase Request Deadline, and it may also change materially between the Repurchase Request Deadline and Repurchase Pricing Date. The Fund’s Shares are not listed on any securities exchange, and the Fund anticipates that no secondary market will develop for its Shares. Investors should consider Shares of the Fund to be an illiquid investment. Accordingly, you may not be able to sell Shares when and/or in the amount that you desire. Thus, Shares are appropriate only as a long-term investment. In addition, the Fund’s repurchase offers may subject the Fund and Shareholders to special risks.

 

30 

 

 

The section entitled “Quarterly Repurchase Offers” in the Prospectus discusses the type and timing of notice for repurchase offers, the effects of oversubscribed repurchase offers, the determination of the repurchase price, payment by the Fund for Shares tendered in a repurchase offer, the effect of repurchase policies on the liquidity of the Fund, the consequences of repurchase offers, and other details regarding the repurchase offers, including associated risks. The Fund’s fundamental policies with respect to repurchase offers are discussed in “Fundamental Policies” in this SAI.

 

See “Principal Risks - Repurchase Offers Risk” in the Prospectus for a description of the risks associated with the Fund’s repurchase offers. In addition, the repurchase of Shares by the Fund will be a taxable event to Shareholders. For a discussion of these tax consequences, see “Tax Considerations” below.

 

In addition to the Fund’s policy to make quarterly repurchase offers as described above, the Board may consider additional repurchases of its Shares on the open market or in private transactions, the making of a tender offer for such Shares, or the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company. The Fund cannot assure you that its Board will decide to take or propose any of these actions.

 

Subject to its investment limitations, the Fund may borrow to finance the repurchase of Shares or to make a tender offer. Interest on any borrowings to finance Share repurchase transactions or the accumulation of cash by the Fund in anticipation of Share repurchases or tenders will reduce the Fund’s net income and gains. Any Share repurchase, tender offer, or borrowing that might be approved by the Board would have to comply with the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and other applicable law.

 

Trustees AND OFFICERS OF THE Fund

 

[The officers of the Fund manage its day-to-day operations and are responsible to the Fund’s Board. The Trustees set broad policies for the Fund and choose the Fund’s officers. All of the Trustees also serve as Trustees for the other investment companies in the Fund Complex (as defined below). The Officers also serve as Officers for the other investment companies in the Fund Complex (as defined below).

 

The following is a list of the Trustees and officers of the Fund, a statement of their present positions and principal occupations during the past five years. The following also lists the number of portfolios overseen by the Trustees and other directorships of public companies or other registered investment companies held by the Trustees.

 

For purposes of this section, the term “Fund Complex” includes each of the following investment companies: JNL Series Trust (130 portfolios), JNL Investors Series Trust (1 portfolio), Jackson Credit Opportunities Fund (1 portfolio) and Jackson Real Assets Fund (1 portfolio) (as used in this section, the term Funds refers to all of the portfolios offered by the Fund Complex).] [to be updated by amendment]

 

31 

 

 

Name, Address, and (Age)

Position(s) Held with Trust

(Length of Time Served)

Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex
Overseen by Trustee
Interested Trustee

 

Mark D. Nerud (57) 1

1 Corporate Way

Lansing, MI 48951

 

Trustee 2

(12/2023 to present)

 

President and Chief Executive Officer

(11/2023 to present)

 

 

133

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

Chief Executive Officer of JNAM (1/2010 to present); President of JNAM (1/2007 to present); Managing Board Member of JNAM (5/2015 to present); President and Chief Executive Officer of other investment companies advised by JNAM (12/2006 to present, 12/2006 to 12/2020, 8/2014 to 12/2020, and 8/2012 to 7/2018); Principal Executive Officer of an investment company advised by PPM America, Inc. (11/2017 to present)

 

Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years:

Interested Trustee/Manager of other investment companies advised by JNAM (4/2015 to 12/2020, 1/2007 to 12/2020, and 8/2012 to 7/2018)

 

Independent Trustees

[ • ]

 

Trustee 2

([ • ] to present)

 

 

[ • ]

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

[ • ]

 

Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years:

[ • ]

 

[ • ]

 

Trustee 2

([ • ] to present)

 

[ • ]

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

[ • ]

 

Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years:

[ • ]

 

[ • ]

 

Trustee 2

([ • ] to present)

 

 

[ • ]

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

[ • ]

 

Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years:

[ • ]

 

[ • ]

 

Trustee 2

([ • ] to present)

 

[ • ]

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

[ • ]

 

Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years:

[ • ]

 

[ • ]

 

Trustee 2

([ • ] to present)

 

 

[ • ]

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

[ • ]

 

Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years:

[ • ]

 

 

32 

 

 

Name, Address, and (Age)

Position(s) Held with Trust

(Length of Time Served)

Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex
Overseen by Trustee

[ • ]

 

Trustee 2

([ • ] to present)

 

[ • ]

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

[ • ]

 

Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years:

[ • ]

 

[ • ]

 

Chair of the Board 3

([ • ] to present)

 

 

[ • ]

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

[ • ]

 

Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years:

[ • ]

 

[ • ]

 

Trustee 2

([ • ] to present)

 

[ • ]

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

[ • ]

 

Other Directorships Held by Trustee During Past 5 Years:

[ • ]

 


1 Mr. Nerud is an “interested person” of the Trust due to his position with JNAM, the Adviser.

2 The Interested Trustee and the Independent Trustees are elected to serve for an indefinite term.

3 The Board Chairperson may be reelected for a second three-year term. If the Board Chairperson has served two consecutive terms, he or she may not serve again as the Board Chairperson, unless at least one year has elapsed since the end of his or her second consecutive term as Board Chairperson.

 


Name, Address, and (Age)

Position(s) Held with Trust

(Length of Time Served)

 

Officers

 

 

Emily J. Bennett (40)

1 Corporate Way

Lansing, MI 48951

 

 

 

 

Vice President

(11/2023 to present)

 

Assistant Secretary

(11/2023 to present)

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

Vice President of JNAM (8/2022 to present); Deputy General Counsel of JNAM (8/2021 to present); Assistant Vice President of JNAM (2/2018 to 8/2022); Associate General Counsel of JNAM (3/2016 to 8/2021); Vice President of other investment companies advised by JNAM (11/2022 to present); Assistant Secretary of other investment companies advised by JNAM (3/2016 to present, 3/2016 to 12/2020, 5/2012 to 12/2020, and 3/2016 to 7/2018); Assistant Secretary (1/2021 to 5/2022), Vice President (11/2017 to present), and Secretary (11/2017 to 2/2021 and 5/2022 to present) of an investment company advised by PPM America, Inc.

 

 

Garett J. Childs (44)

1 Corporate Way

Lansing, MI 48951

 

 

 

 

Vice President

(11/2023 to present)

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

Chief Financial Officer of JNAM (8/2021 to present); Vice President, Finance and Risk of JNAM (2/2019 to present); Controller of JNAM (11/2007 to 8/2021); Vice President of other investment companies advised by JNAM (2/2019 to present and 2/2019 to 12/2020); Chief Risk Officer of JNAM (7/2016 to 2/2019); Assistant Vice President, Corporate Finance of JNAM (12/2013 to 2/2019)

 

 

33 

 

Name, Address, and (Age)

Position(s) Held with Trust

(Length of Time Served)

Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex
Overseen by Trustee

 

Kelly L. Crosser (51)

1 Corporate Way

Lansing, MI 48951

 

 

 

Assistant Secretary

(11/2023 to present)

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

Director, Legal of JNAM (12/2021 to present); Manager, Legal Regulatory Filings and Print of JNAM (1/2018 to 12/2021); Assistant Secretary of other investment companies advised by JNAM (9/2007 to present, 9/2007 to 12/2020, 10/2011 to 12/2020, and 8/2012 to 7/2018)

 

 

Richard J. Gorman (58)

1 Corporate Way

Lansing, MI 48951

 

 

 

Chief Compliance Officer

(11/2023 to present)

 

Anti-Money Laundering Officer

 (11/2023 to present)

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

Senior Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer of JNAM (8/2018 to present); Chief Compliance Officer and Anti-Money Laundering Officer of other investment companies advised by JNAM (8/2018 to present and 8/2018 to 12/2020), Chief Compliance Officer and Deputy General Counsel of Heitman LLC (2/2018 to 8/2018)

 

 

William P. Harding (49)

1 Corporate Way

Lansing, MI 48951

 

 

 

Vice President

 (11/2023 to present)

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

Senior Vice President and Chief Investment Officer of JNAM (6/2014 to present); Vice President of other investment companies advised by JNAM (11/2012 to present, 11/2012 to 12/2020, 5/2014 to 12/2020, and 11/2012 to 7/2018)

 

 

Daniel W. Koors (53)

1 Corporate Way

Lansing, MI 48951

 

 

Vice President

 (11/2023 to present)

     

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

Senior Vice President of JNAM (1/2009 to present); Chief Operating Officer of JNAM (4/2011 to present); Vice President of other investment companies advised by JNAM (12/2006 to present, 12/2006 to 12/2020, 1/2018 to 12/2020, and 8/2012 to 7/2018); Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer of other investment companies advised by JNAM (9/2016 to 6/2020, 9/2016 to 12/2020, 10/2011 to 12/2020, and 9/2016 to 7/2018); Principal Financial Officer (11/2017 to 1/2021), Treasurer (11/2017 to 1/2021), and Vice President (11/2017 to present) of an investment company advised by PPM America, Inc.

 

 

Kristen K. Leeman (48)

1 Corporate Way

Lansing, MI 48951

 

 

 

Assistant Secretary

(11/2023 to present)

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

Senior Project Manager of JNAM (10/2023 to present); Senior Regulatory Analyst of JNAM (5/2021 to 10/2023); Regulatory Analyst of JNAM (1/2018 to 5/2021); Assistant Secretary of other investment companies advised by JNAM (6/2012 to present, 6/2012 to 12/2020, 1/2018 to 12/2020, and 8/2012 to 7/2018)

 

 

Adam C. Lueck (41)

1 Corporate Way

Lansing, MI 48951

 

 

 

Assistant Secretary

(11/2023 to present)

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

Associate General Counsel of JNAM (12/2021 to present); Senior Attorney of JNAM (2/2018 to 12/2021); Assistant Secretary of other investment companies advised by JNAM (3/2018 to present, 3/2018 to 12/2020, 12/2015 to 12/2020, and 1/2018 to 7/2018)

 

 

34 

 

Name, Address, and (Age)

Position(s) Held with Trust

(Length of Time Served)

Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex
Overseen by Trustee

 

Mia K. Nelson (41)

1 Corporate Way

Lansing, MI 48951

 

 

 

Vice President

(11/2023 to present)

 

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

Vice President, Tax of JNAM (8/2022 to present); Assistant Vice President, Tax of JNAM (3/2017 to 8/2022); Vice President of other investment companies advised by JNAM (11/2022 to present); Assistant Vice President of other investment companies advised by JNAM (8/2017 to 11/2022, 8/2017 to 12/2020, 9/2017 to 12/2020, and 8/2017 to 7/2018)

 

 

Joseph B. O’Boyle (60)

1 Corporate Way

Lansing, MI 48951

 

 

 

Vice President

(11/2023 to present)

 

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

Vice President of JNAM (8/2015 to present); Acting Chief Compliance Officer of JNAM (5/2018 to 8/2018); Vice President of other investment companies advised by JNAM (1/2018 to present, 1/2018 to 12/2020, and 1/2018 to 7/2018); Acting Chief Compliance Officer and Acting Anti-Money Laundering Officer of other investment companies advised by JNAM (5/2018 to 8/2018); Chief Compliance Officer and Anti-Money Laundering Officer of an investment company advised by PPM America, Inc. (2/2018 to present)

 

 

Susan S. Rhee (51)

1 Corporate Way

Lansing, MI 48951

 

 

 

Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, and Secretary

 (11/2023 to present)

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

Senior Vice President and General Counsel of JNAM (1/2010 to present); Secretary of JNAM (11/2000 to present); Vice President, Chief Legal Officer, and Secretary of other investment companies advised by JNAM (2/2004 to present, 2/2004 to 12/2020, 10/2011 to 12/2020, and 8/2012 to 7/2018); Vice President and Assistant Secretary of an investment company advised by PPM America, Inc. (11/2017 to 7/2022)

 

 

Andrew Tedeschi (58)

1 Corporate Way

Lansing, MI 48951

 

 

 

Treasurer & Chief Financial Officer

(11/2023 to present)

 

Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years:

Vice President, JNAM (1/2019 to present); Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer of other investment companies advised by JNAM (6/2020 to present); Principal Financial Officer, Treasurer, and Vice President of an investment company advised by PPM America, Inc. (1/2021 to present); Controller, Fund Administration, Harris Associates L.P. (12/2007 to 12/2018); and Vice President (2/2008 to 12/2018), Treasurer (10/2018 to 12/2018), and Assistant Treasurer (2/2008 to 10/2018) of the Oakmark Funds

 

 

Board of Trustees Leadership Structure

 

[The Board is responsible for oversight of the Fund, including risk oversight and oversight of Fund management. The Board consists of [ ] Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Fund (“Independent Trustees”) and one interested Trustee. The Independent Trustees have retained outside independent legal counsel and meet at least quarterly with that counsel in executive session without the interested Trustee and management.

 

The Chairman of the Board is a disinterested Trustee. The Chairman presides at all meetings of the Board at which the Chairman is present. The Chairman exercises such powers as are assigned to him or her by the Fund’s organizational and operating documents and by the Board, which may include acting as a liaison with service providers, attorneys, the Fund’s officers including the Chief Compliance Officer and other Trustees between meetings.

 

The Board has established a committee structure to assist in overseeing the Fund. The Board has an Audit Committee and a Governance Committee. Each committee is comprised exclusively of Independent Trustees. The independent chairperson of each committee, among other things, facilitates communication among the Independent Trustees, Fund management, service providers, and the full Board. The Fund has determined that the Board’s leadership structure is appropriate given the specific characteristics and circumstances of the Fund including, without limitation, the Fund, the net assets of the Fund and the Fund’s business and structure, because it allows the Board to exercise oversight in an orderly and efficient manner.] [to be updated by amendment]

 

35 

 

 

Committees of the Board of Trustees

 

[The Audit Committee assists the Board of Trustees in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities by providing oversight with respect to the preparation and review of the financial reports and other financial information provided by the Fund to the public or government agencies. The Audit Committee is responsible for the selection, subject to ratification by the Board, of the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, and for the approval of the auditor’s fee. The Audit Committee also reviews the Fund’s internal controls regarding finance, accounting, legal compliance and the Fund’s auditing, accounting and financial processes generally. The Audit Committee also serves as the Fund’s “Qualified Legal Compliance Committee”, for the confidential receipt, retention, and consideration of reports of evidence of material violations under rules of the SEC. [ ] are members of the Audit Committee. [ ] serves as Chair of the Audit Committee. [ ] is an ex officio member of the Audit Committee.

 

The Governance Committee is responsible for, among other things, the identification, evaluation and nomination of potential candidates to serve on the Board of Trustees. The Governance Committee will accept Trustee nominations from shareholders. Any such nominations should be sent to the Fund’s Governance Committee, c/o Chair of the Governance Committee, [ ], P.O. Box 30902, Lansing, Michigan 48909-8402. [ ] are members of the Governance Committee. [ ] serves as Chair of the Governance Committee. [ ] is an ex officio member of the Governance Committee.

 

The Investment Committee reviews the performance of the Fund. The Investment Committee meets at least four times per year and reports the results of its review to the full Board at each regularly scheduled Board meeting. [ ] are members of the Investment Committee, with [ ] serving as Chair. ] [to be updated by amendment]

 

Ownership of Trustees of Shares in the Fund and in the Fund Complex

 

[As of  [to be updated by amendment], the Trustees beneficially owned the following interests in shares of the Fund and, on an aggregate basis, in the Fund Complex: [to be updated by amendment]

 

Ownership by Independent Trustees of Interests in Certain Affiliates of the Fund

 

[As of  [to be updated by amendment], none of the Independent Trustees, nor any member of an Independent Trustee’s immediate family, owned beneficially or of record any securities in an investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Fund, or a person directly or indirectly controlling or under common control with an investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Fund.] [to be updated by amendment]

 

Trustee Compensation

 

[The Trustee who is an “interested person” receives no compensation from the Fund. Effective [ ], each Independent Trustee is paid by the Fund Complex an annual retainer of $[ ]. The fees are allocated to the funds within the Fund Complex on a pro-rata basis based on net assets. The Chairman of the Board of Trustees receives an additional annual retainer of $[ ]. The Chair of the Audit Committee receives an additional annual retainer of $[ ] for services in that capacity. The Chair of the Governance Committee receives an additional annual retainer of $[ ] for services in that capacity.

 

The Independent Trustees receive $[ ] per day plus travel expenses when traveling, on behalf of the Fund, out of town on Fund business (which, generally, does not include attending educational sessions or seminars). However, if a Board or Committee meeting is held out of town, the Independent Trustees do not receive the “per diem” fee plus the Board or Committee fee for such out of town meeting, but rather receive the greater of $[ ] or the meeting fee.

 

It is estimated that the Trustees will receive the amounts set forth in the following table from the Fund for its initial fiscal year ending March 31, 2025. For the calendar year ended [December 31, 2023], the Independent Trustees did not receive compensation for serving as trustees of the funds in the same Fund Complex as the Fund as the Fund has not yet commenced operations.

 

Neither the Fund nor any of the other investment companies in the Fund Complex have adopted any plan providing pension or retirement benefits for Trustees.] [to be updated by amendment]

 

36 

 

 

Additional Information Concerning The Trustees

 

Below is a discussion, for each Trustee, of the particular experience, qualifications, attributes or skills that led to the conclusion that the Trustee should serve as a Trustee. The Board monitors its conclusions in light of information subsequently received throughout the year and considers its conclusions to have continuing validity until the Board makes a contrary determination. In reaching their conclusions, the Trustees considered various facts and circumstances and did not identify any factor as controlling, and individual Trustees may have considered additional factors or weighed the same factors differently.

 

Interested Trustee

 

Mark D. Nerud. Mr. Nerud is President and CEO of the Adviser and President and CEO of other investment companies advised by the Adviser. Mr. Nerud also served as Vice President – Fund Accounting & Administration of Jackson for ten years. Mr. Nerud is the former Chief Financial Officer of the Adviser and of other investment companies advised by the Adviser. Mr. Nerud has a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from St. Olaf College.

 

The Board considered Mr. Nerud’s various roles and executive experience with the Adviser, his financial and accounting experience, academic background, and his approximately 16 years of experience as Trustee of the Fund Complex.

 

Independent Trustees

 

[to be updated by amendment]

 

Code of Ethics. To mitigate the possibility that the Fund will be adversely affected by personal trading of employees, the Fund, the Adviser, the Sub-Advisers, and JNLD have adopted Codes of Ethics under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act and Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. These Codes of Ethics contain policies restricting securities trading in personal accounts of the portfolio managers and others who normally come into possession of information regarding portfolio transactions of the Fund. The Fund’s and the Adviser’s Codes of Ethics comply, in all material respects, with the recommendations of the Investment Company Institute. Subject to the requirements of the Codes of Ethics, employees may invest in securities for their own investment accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund. The Codes of Ethics are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

 

Investment Adviser

 

JNAM, 1 Corporate Way, Lansing, Michigan 48951, is the investment adviser to the Fund. As investment adviser, JNAM provides the Fund with professional investment supervision and management. JNAM is an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Jackson Financial Inc. (“Jackson”), a leading provider of retirement products for industry professionals and their clients. Jackson and its affiliates offer variable, fixed and fixed index annuities designed for tax-efficient growth and distribution of retirement income for retail customers, as well as products for institutional investors.

 

Pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement (the “Investment Management Agreement”), the Adviser agrees to manage the investment and reinvestment of the Fund’s assets in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and policies and determine what investments will be purchased, held, sold or exchanged by the Fund and what portion, if any, of the assets of the Fund will be held uninvested. The Adviser bears its own operating and overhead expenses attributable to its duties under the Investment Management Agreement (such as salaries, bonuses, rent, office and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, and auditing expenses). The Fund bears all other costs of its operations.

 

The Investment Management Agreement continues in effect for the Fund from year to year after its initial two-year term so long as its continuation is approved at least annually by (i) a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to such agreement or interested persons of any such party except in their capacity as Trustees of the Fund, and (ii) the shareholders of the Fund or the Board of Trustees. It may be terminated at any time without penalty upon sixty (60) days’ written notice by the Board, the Adviser, or by a majority vote of the outstanding shares of the Fund with respect to the Fund, and will terminate automatically upon assignment. The Investment Management Agreement provides that the Adviser shall not be liable for any error of judgment, or for any loss suffered by the Fund in connection with the matters to which the agreement relates, except a loss resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Adviser in the performance of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the agreement.

 

37 

 

 

Management Fee

 

As compensation for its services, a monthly management fee equal to [to be updated by amendment]% on an annualized basis of the average daily net assets of the Fund (“Management Fee”).

 

Because the Fund is newly organized, no fees were paid to the Adviser pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement in any prior fiscal year.

 

[Sub-Adviser 1] [to be updated]

 

The Sub-Adviser, located at [ ], serves as a Sub-Adviser to the Fund. The Sub-Adviser is responsible for choosing the Fund’s investments and the day-to-day portfolio management of those assets of the Fund allocated to it by the Adviser. [to be updated by amendment]

 

Portfolio Manager Compensation Structure

 

[to be updated]

 

Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interest

 

The following table reflects information as of [to be updated by amendment]:

 

Jackson Real Assets Fund [to be updated by amendment]

 

        Performance Fee Accounts
Portfolio
Manager
Category of Account # of Accounts AUM # of Accounts AUM
[  ] Other Registered Investment Companies        
Other Pooled Vehicles        
Other Accounts        
           
[  ] Other Registered Investment Companies        
Other Pooled Vehicles        
Other Accounts        
           
[  ] Other Registered Investment Companies        
Other Pooled Vehicles        
Other Accounts        
           
[  ] Other Registered Investment Companies        
Other Pooled Vehicles        
Other Accounts        
           
[  ] Other Registered Investment Companies        
Other Pooled Vehicles        
Other Accounts        
           
[  ] Other Registered Investment Companies        
Other Pooled Vehicles        
Other Accounts        

 

38 

 

 

Conflicts of Interest

 

[to be updated]

 

Security Ownership of Portfolio Managers for the Jackson Real Assets Fund as of [to be updated by amendment]

 

Security Ownership of
Portfolio Managers

 

None

$1-

$10,000

$10,001-

$50,000

$50,001-

$100,000

$100,001-

$500,000

$500,001-

$1,000,000

Over
$1,000,000
[  ]              
[  ]              
[  ]              
[  ]              
[  ]              
[  ]              

 

[Sub-Adviser 2] [to be updated]

 

The Sub-Adviser, located at [ ], serves as a Sub-Adviser to the Fund. The Sub-Adviser is responsible for choosing the Fund’s investments and the day-to-day portfolio management of those assets of the Fund allocated to it by the Adviser. [to be updated by amendment]

 

Portfolio Manager Compensation Structure

 

[to be updated]

 

Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers and Potential Conflicts of Interest

 

The following table reflects information as of [to be updated by amendment]:

 

Jackson Real Assets Fund [to be updated by amendment]

 

        Performance Fee Accounts
Portfolio
Manager
Category of Account # of Accounts AUM # of Accounts AUM
[  ] Other Registered Investment Companies        
Other Pooled Vehicles        
Other Accounts        
           
[  ] Other Registered Investment Companies        
Other Pooled Vehicles        
Other Accounts        
           
[  ] Other Registered Investment Companies        
Other Pooled Vehicles        
Other Accounts        

 

39 

 

 

        Performance Fee Accounts
Portfolio
Manager
Category of Account # of Accounts AUM # of Accounts AUM
[  ] Other Registered Investment Companies        
Other Pooled Vehicles        
Other Accounts        
           
[  ] Other Registered Investment Companies        
Other Pooled Vehicles        
Other Accounts        
           
[  ] Other Registered Investment Companies        
Other Pooled Vehicles        
Other Accounts        

 

Conflicts of Interest

 

[to be updated]

 

Security Ownership of Portfolio Managers for the Jackson Real Assets Fund as of [to be updated by amendment]

 

Security Ownership of
Portfolio Managers

 

None

$1-

$10,000

$10,001-

$50,000

$50,001-

$100,000

$100,001-

$500,000

$500,001-

$1,000,000

Over
$1,000,000
[  ]              
[  ]              
[  ]              
[  ]              
[  ]              
[  ]              

 

PORTFOLIO Transactions and Brokerage ALLOCATION

 

The Adviser and the Sub-Advisers will each seek best execution for securities transactions executed on the Fund’s behalf, so that the Fund’s total cost or proceeds in each transaction is the most favorable under the circumstances. In selecting broker-dealers through which to effect transactions, the Adviser and each Sub-Adviser consider a number of factors described in its policy and procedures. The Adviser’s and each Sub-Adviser’s policies and procedures generally include as factors for consideration such matters as price, confidentiality, broker-dealer spread or commission (if any) the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker-dealer, size of the transaction and difficulty of execution. The Adviser’s and each Sub-Adviser’s selection of a broker-dealer based on one or more of these factors, either in terms of a particular transaction or the Adviser’s and each Sub-Adviser’s overall responsibilities with respect to the Fund and any other accounts managed by the Adviser or each Sub-Adviser, could result in the Fund paying a commission or spread on a transaction that is in excess of the amount of commission or spread another broker-dealer might have charged for executing the same transaction.

 

Under the terms of each Sub-Advisory Agreement, and subject to best execution, each Sub-Adviser also expressly is permitted to consider the value and quality of any “brokerage and research services” (as defined under Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and typically referred to as “soft dollars”), including securities research, or statistical, quotation, or valuation services provided to the Sub-Adviser by the broker-dealer. In placing a purchase or sale order, a Sub-Adviser may use a broker-dealer whose commission for effecting the transaction is higher than that another broker-dealer might have charged for the same transaction, if the Sub-Adviser determines in good faith that the amount of the higher commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker-dealer, viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the Sub-Adviser’s overall responsibilities with respect to the Fund and any other accounts managed by the Sub-Adviser. Research services provided by broker-dealers include advice, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities, the advisability of purchasing or selling securities, the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities, and analyses and reports concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends and portfolio strategy. The Sub-Adviser may use research services provided by broker-dealers through which the Sub-Adviser effects Fund transactions in serving any or all of its accounts, and the Sub-Adviser may not use all such services in connection with its’ services to the Fund.

 

40 

 

 

With respect to Private Funds, in most instances, the Fund will purchase interests in the Private Fund directly from the Private Fund, and such purchases by the Fund may be, but are generally not, subject to transaction expenses. Nevertheless, the Fund anticipates that some of its portfolio transactions (including investments in Private Funds by the Fund) may be subject to expenses. To the extent Private Funds incur transaction expenses, those expenses will be borne indirectly by the Fund.

 

Because the Fund is newly organized, it did not pay any brokerage commissions in a prior fiscal year.

 

administrator

 

JNAM, 1 Corporate Way, Lansing, Michigan 48951, provides or procures, at its own expense, certain legal, audit, fund accounting, custody (except overdraft and interest expense), transfer agent, printing and mailing, and other administrative services necessary for the operation of the Fund pursuant to an Administration Agreement between the Fund and the Administrator (the “Administration Agreement”). In addition, JNAM, in its capacity as administrator also pays a portion of the costs of the JNAM’s Chief Compliance Officer. The Fund pays the Administrator a fee of [to be updated by amendment]%. The fees are accrued daily and paid monthly by the Fund and the administrative fees are based on the average daily net assets for the prior month.

 

The Fund is responsible for trading expenses including brokerage commissions, interest and taxes, and other non-operating expenses. The Fund is also responsible for registration fees, nonrecurring and extraordinary expenses, interest expenses, licensing costs, directors and officers insurance, anti-money laundering service fees, costs related to the Fund’s short sales on equity securities, legal fees associated with Fund litigation, expenses related to the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer, and the fees and expenses of the Trustees and of independent legal counsel to the Independent Trustees.

 

The Administrator administers the Fund’s operations in such manner and to such extent as may be authorized by the Board. Administration services include, but are not limited to: (1) furnishing such office space, office equipment and office facilities as are adequate for the Fund’s needs; (2) providing, without remuneration from or other cost to the Fund, the services of individuals competent to perform all of the Fund’s executive, administrative and clerical functions that are not performed by employees or other agents engaged by the Fund or by the Administrator acting in some other capacity pursuant to a separate agreement or arrangement with the Fund; (3) assisting the Fund in selecting and coordinating the activities of the other agents engaged by the Fund, including the Fund’s custodian, independent auditors and legal counsel; (4) ensuring that all financial, accounting and other records required to be maintained and preserved by the Fund are maintained and preserved by it or on its behalf in accordance with applicable laws and regulations; (5) preparing, coordinating and finalizing all periodic reports by the Fund to shareholders of the Fund and all reports and filings required to maintain the registration and qualification of the Fund and the Fund’s shares, including the continuous public sale of shares of the Fund, or to meet other regulatory or tax requirements applicable to the Fund, under federal and state securities and tax laws; and (6) incurring all fees, costs and expenses, direct or indirect (without any recourse to the Fund) associated with any conversions from a regulated investment company to a partnership.

 

Administration Agreement continues in effect, unless earlier terminated by the Fund or the Administrator, through [to be updated by amendment]. Thereafter, unless otherwise terminated, the Administration Agreement will continue from year to year through September 30 of each successive year, provided that such continuation is specifically approved at least annually (i) by the Trustees by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such renewal, or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund with respect to which renewal is to be effected, and (ii) by a majority of the Independent Trustees by a vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such renewal. Either party may terminate the Administration Agreement with or without cause, without the payment of any penalty, by giving the other party 60 days’ prior written notice, provided that such action shall have been authorized (i) by resolution of the Trustees, including the vote or written consent of the Independent Trustees, or (ii) by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.

 

41 

 

 

Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator is liable for any damages resulting from the negligence or misconduct of the Administrator or its employees, agents or contractors as a result of the actions or omissions by the Administrator of its obligations and duties under the agreement.

 

Transfer Agent

 

[to be updated by amendment] (the “Transfer Agent”) provides transfer agency services to the Fund. Fees and expenses of the Transfer Agent are paid by the Administrator. [to be updated by amendment]

 

Independent registered public accounting firm; legal counsel

 

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. The Board has appointed [to be updated by amendment] as the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm. [to be updated by amendment], located at [to be updated by amendment], will audit and report on the Fund’s annual financial statements and will perform other professional accounting, auditing, tax and advisory services when engaged to do so by the Fund.

 

Legal Counsel. [to be updated by amendment], located at [to be updated by amendment], serves as counsel to the Fund and the Independent Trustees of the Fund.

 

Custodian AND DIVIDEND DISBURSEMENT AGENT

 

[to be updated by amendment] (“[to be updated by amendment]” or “Custodian”), located at [to be updated by amendment], serves as the primary custodian of the assets of the Fund and may maintain custody of such assets with U.S. and non-U.S. sub-custodians (which may be banks and trust companies), securities depositories and clearing agencies in accordance with the requirements of Section 17(f) of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder. Assets of the Fund are not held by the Adviser or commingled with the assets of other accounts other than to the extent that securities are held in the name of the Custodian or U.S. or non-U.S. sub-custodians in a securities depository, clearing agency or omnibus customer account of such custodian.

 

CALCULATION OF NET ASSET VALUE; Valuation

 

The price of the Fund’s shares is based on its NAV. The NAV of the Fund’s shares is generally determined by the Adviser once each day on which the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open (a “Business Day”) at the close of the regular trading session of the NYSE (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday). However, consistent with legal requirements, calculation of the Fund’s NAV may be suspended on days determined by the Board during times of NYSE market closure, which may include times during which the SEC issues policies or protocols associated with such closure pursuant to Section 22(e) of the 1940 Act. The NAV per share of the Fund is calculated by adding the value of all securities and other assets of the Fund, deducting its liabilities, and dividing by the number of shares outstanding. To the extent circumstances prevent the use of the primary calculation methodology previously described, the Adviser may use alternative methods to calculate the NAV. Generally, the value of exchange-listed or exchange-traded securities is based on their respective market prices, and fixed income securities are valued based on prices provided by an independent pricing service.

 

Domestic fixed-income and foreign securities are normally priced using data reflecting the closing of the principal markets or market participants for those securities, which may be earlier than the NYSE close. Information that becomes known to the Fund or its agents after the NAV has been calculated on a particular day will not normally be used to retroactively adjust the price of a security or the NAV determined earlier that day.

 

The Board, on behalf of the Fund, has designated to the Adviser the responsibility for carrying out certain functions relating to the valuation of portfolio securities for the purpose of determining the NAV of the Fund. Further, the Board has designated JNAM as the Valuation Designee. As the Valuation Designee, the Adviser has established a valuation committee and adopted procedures and guidelines pursuant to which the Adviser determines the “fair value” of a security for which market quotations are not readily available or are determined to be not reflective of market value. Under these procedures, the “fair value” of a security generally will be the amount, determined by the Adviser in good faith, that the owner of such security might reasonably expect to receive upon its current sale.

 

42 

 

 

The Adviser has established a valuation committee to review fair value determinations pursuant to the Fund’s “Valuation Policies and Procedures” and “Valuation Guidelines.” The valuation committee will also review the value of restricted securities, securities and assets for which a current market price is not readily available, and securities and assets for which there is reason to believe that the most recent market price is not reflective of the market value (e.g. disorderly market transactions). In the event that the NYSE is closed unexpectedly or opens for trading but closes earlier than scheduled, the valuation committee will evaluate if trading activity on other U.S. exchanges and markets for equity securities is considered reflective of normal market activity. To the extent an NYSE closure is determined to be accompanied by a disruption of normal market activity, the valuation committee may utilize the time the NYSE closed for purposes of measuring and calculating the Fund’s NAV. To the extent an NYSE closure is determined to not have resulted in a disruption of normal market activity, the valuation committee may utilize the time the NYSE was scheduled to close for purposes of measuring and calculating the Fund’s NAV.

 

The Fund may invest in securities primarily listed on foreign exchanges and that trade on days when the Fund does not price its shares. As a result, the Fund’s NAV may change on days when shareholders are not able to purchase the Fund’s shares or have their shares repurchased by the Fund.

 

Fair value is determined in good faith for fixed-income and equity securities which are not publicly traded or for which market prices are not readily available (unquoted investments). In determining the fair values of these investments, the Valuation Committee typically applies widely recognized market and income valuation methodologies including, but not limited to, earnings and multiple analysis, discounted cash flow method and third-party valuations.


The Fund may also invest in interests or shares of private investment companies for which the net asset value is calculated in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and reported by the private investment company’s manager on a periodic basis. The Valuation Committee uses this net asset value to estimate the fair value of such interests or shares.
 

Because the calculation of the Fund’s NAV does not take place contemporaneously with the determination of the closing prices of the majority of foreign portfolio securities used in the calculation, there exists a risk that the value of foreign portfolio securities will change after the close of the exchange on which they are traded, but before calculation of the Fund’s NAV (“time-zone arbitrage”). Accordingly, the Fund’s procedures for valuing of portfolio securities also authorize the Adviser to determine the “fair value” of such foreign securities for purposes of calculating the Fund’s NAV. When fair valuing foreign equity securities, the Adviser adjusts the closing prices of foreign portfolio equity securities based upon pricing models provided by an independent pricing service in order to reflect the “fair value” of such securities for purposes of determining the Fund’s NAV. Foreign equity securities traded in North America and South America may be fair valued utilizing international adjustment factors in response to local market holidays, exchange closures, or other events as deemed necessary in order to reflect the “fair value” of such securities for purposes of determining the Fund’s NAV. These procedures seek to minimize the opportunities for “time zone arbitrage” in the Fund that invest all or substantial portions of its assets in foreign securities, thereby seeking to make the Fund significantly less attractive to “market timers” and other investors who might seek to profit from time zone arbitrage and seeking to reduce the potential for harm to other Fund investors resulting from such practices. However, these procedures may not completely eliminate opportunities for time zone arbitrage because it is not possible to predict in all circumstances whether post-closing events will have a significant impact on securities prices.

 

The Adviser will “fair value” securities held by the Fund if it determines that a “significant event” has occurred. Under the Fund’s valuation procedures, a “significant event” affecting a single issuer might include, but is not limited to, an announcement by the issuer, a competitor, a creditor, a major holder of the issuer’s securities, a major customer or supplier, or a governmental, regulatory or self-regulatory authority relating to the issuer, the issuer’s products or services, or the issuer’s securities, and a “significant event” affecting multiple issuers might include, but is not limited to, a substantial price movement in other securities markets, an announcement by a governmental, regulatory or self-regulatory authority relating to securities markets, political or economic matters, or monetary or credit policies, a natural disaster such as an earthquake, flood or storm, or the outbreak of civil strife or military hostilities.

 

TAX CONSIDERATIONS

 

The following is a general summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to the Fund and to an investment in Shares by a Shareholder. This summary does not discuss all of the tax consequences that may be relevant to a particular investor, including an investor who holds Shares as part of a hedging, straddle, conversion, constructive sale or other integrated transaction, or to certain investors (e.g., investors subject to the alternative minimum tax, tax-exempt organizations, dealers in securities, pension plans and trusts, financial institutions, certain foreign investors and insurance companies) subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws. In addition, this summary does not specifically address the special tax consequences that may be applicable to persons who hold interests in partnerships, grantor trusts and other pass-through entities that hold Shares. This summary assumes that investors hold Shares as capital assets (generally, property held for investment).

 

43 

 

 

THIS SUMMARY IS NECESSARILY GENERAL, AND EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IS URGED TO CONSULT ITS TAX ADVISER WITH RESPECT TO THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL, AND FOREIGN INCOME AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSAL OF SHARES, INCLUDING APPLICABLE TAX REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.

 

This summary is based on the Code as in effect on the date of this SAI, the Treasury Regulations, rulings of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), and court decisions in existence on the date hereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. The Fund has not sought a ruling from the IRS or any other federal, state or local agency, or opinion of counsel, with respect to any of the tax issues affecting the Fund. This summary does not discuss any aspects of the U.S. federal estate or gift tax or any state or local or non-U.S. tax. It does not discuss the special treatment under U.S. federal income tax laws that could result if the Fund invested in tax-exempt securities or certain other investment assets.

 

If a partnership (including an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds Shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership with respect to the Shares generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners in partnerships considering an acquisition of Shares should consult their tax advisers with respect to the partnership’s purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares.

 

Taxation of the Fund. The Fund intends to elect to be treated and intends to qualify as and to be treated each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. In order to qualify for the special tax treatment accorded to regulated investment companies and their shareholders, the Fund must, among other things: (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gains from options, futures, or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities, or currencies and (ii) net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly traded partnerships” (as defined below); (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets consists of cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to a value not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is invested, including through corporations in which the Fund owns a 20% or more voting stock interest, (x) in the securities (other than those of the U.S. government or other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or (y) in the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships (as defined below); and (c) distribute with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of the sum of its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Code without regard to the deduction for dividends paid—generally, taxable ordinary income and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) and any net tax-exempt interest income for such year.

 

In general, for purposes of the 90% gross income requirement described in paragraph (a) above, income derived from a partnership will be treated as qualifying income only to the extent such income is attributable to items of income of the partnership that would be qualifying income if realized directly by the regulated investment company. However, 100% of the net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (a partnership (x) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof and (y) that derives less than 90% of its income from the qualifying income described in paragraph (a)(i) above) will be treated as qualifying income. In general, such entities will be treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes because they meet the passive income requirement under Code Section 7704(c)(2). In addition, although in general the passive loss rules of the Code do not apply to regulated investment companies, such rules do apply to a regulated investment company with respect to items attributable to an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership.

 

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For purposes of the diversification test in (b) above, the term “outstanding voting securities of such issuer” will include the equity securities of a qualified publicly traded partnership. Also, for purposes of the diversification test in (b) above, the identification of the issuer (or, in some cases, issuers) of a particular Fund investment can depend on the terms and conditions of that investment. In some cases, identification of the issuer (or issuers) is uncertain under current law, and an adverse determination or future guidance by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) with respect to issuer identification for a particular type of investment may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to meet the diversification test in (b) above.

 

If the Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment, the Fund will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income or gains distributed in a timely manner to shareholders in the form of dividends (including Capital Gain Dividends, as defined below). If the Fund were to fail to meet the income, diversification, or distribution tests described above, the Fund could in some cases cure such failure, including by paying a Fund-level tax, paying interest, making additional distributions, or disposing of certain assets. If the Fund were ineligible to or otherwise did not cure such failure for any year, or were otherwise to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company accorded special tax treatment for such year, the Fund would be subject to tax on its taxable income at corporate rates, and all distributions from earnings and profits, including any distributions of net tax-exempt income and net long-term capital gains, would be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Some portions of such distributions may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders and may be eligible to be treated as “qualified dividend income” in the case of shareholders taxed as individuals, provided, in both cases, that the shareholder meets certain holding period and other requirements in respect of the Fund’s Shares (as described below). In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before re-qualifying as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment.

 

The Fund intends to distribute to its shareholders, at least annually, all or substantially all of its investment company taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction), its net tax-exempt income (if any) and its net capital gain (that is, the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss, in each case determined with reference to any loss carryforwards). Any taxable income including any net capital gain retained by the Fund will be subject to tax at the Fund level at regular corporate rates. In the case of net capital gain, the Fund is permitted to designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gain in a timely notice to its shareholders who would then, in turn, (i) be required to include in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their share of such undistributed amount, and (ii) be entitled to credit their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount against their U.S. federal income tax liabilities, if any, and to claim refunds on a properly filed U.S. tax return to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. If the Fund makes this designation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of Shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholder’s gross income under clause (i) of the preceding sentence and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder under clause (ii) of the preceding sentence. The Fund is not required to, and there can be no assurance that the Fund will, make this designation if it retains all or a portion of its net capital gain in a taxable year.

 

If at any time when preferred shares or other senior securities are outstanding and the Fund does not meet applicable asset coverage requirements, it will be required to suspend distributions to common shareholders until the requisite asset coverage is restored. Any such suspension may cause the Fund to pay a U.S. federal income and excise tax on undistributed income or gains and may, in certain circumstances, prevent the Fund from qualifying for treatment as a regulated investment company. The Fund may repurchase, prepay, or otherwise retire preferred shares or other senior securities, as applicable, in an effort to comply with the distribution requirement applicable to regulated investment companies.

 

Capital losses in excess of capital gains (“net capital losses”) are not permitted to be deducted against the Fund’s net investment income. Instead, potentially subject to certain limitations, the Fund may carry net capital losses from any taxable year forward to subsequent taxable years to offset capital gains, if any, realized during such subsequent taxable years. Capital loss carryforwards are reduced to the extent they offset current-year net realized capital gains, whether the Fund retains or distributes such gains. The Fund may carry net capital losses forward to one or more subsequent taxable years without expiration. The Fund must apply such carryforwards first against gains of the same character.

 

In determining its net capital gain, including in connection with determining the amount available to support a Capital Gain Dividend (as defined below), its taxable income and its earnings and profits, a regulated investment company generally may elect to treat part or all of any post-October capital loss (defined as any net capital loss attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after October 31 or, if there is no such loss, the net long-term capital loss or net short-term capital loss attributable to such portion of the taxable year) or late-year ordinary loss (generally, the sum of its (i) net ordinary loss from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of property, attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after October 31, and its (ii) other net ordinary loss attributable to the portion, if any, of the taxable year after December 31) as if incurred in the succeeding taxable year.

 

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If the Fund were to fail to distribute in a calendar year at least an amount equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary income for such year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income recognized for the one-year period ending on October 31 of such year (or November 30 or December 31 of that year if the Fund is permitted to elect and so elects), plus any such amounts retained from the prior year, the Fund would be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the undistributed amounts. For purposes of the required excise tax distribution, a regulated investment company’s ordinary gains and losses from the sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of property that would otherwise be taken into account after October 31 (or November 30 of that year if the regulated investment company makes the election described above) generally are treated as arising on January 1 of the following calendar year; in the case of a regulated investment company with a December 31 year end that makes the election described above, no such gains or losses will be so treated. Also, for these purposes, the Fund will be treated as having distributed any amount on which it is subject to corporate income tax for the taxable year ending within the calendar year. The Fund intends generally to make distributions sufficient to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax, although there can be no assurance that it will be able to or will do so.

 

Fund Distributions. The Fund intends to declare income dividends quarterly and distribute them to common shareholders quarterly. Unless a shareholder elects otherwise, all distributions will be automatically reinvested in additional Shares of the Fund pursuant to the Fund’s dividend reinvestment plan. A shareholder whose distributions are reinvested in Shares under the dividend reinvestment plan will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as having received an amount in distribution equal to the fair market value of the Shares issued to the shareholder, which amount will also be equal to the net asset value of such shares. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, all distributions are generally taxable in the manner described below, whether a shareholder takes them in cash or they are reinvested pursuant to the dividend reinvestment plan in additional shares of the Fund.

 

Fund distributions generally will be taxable to shareholders in the calendar year in which the distributions are declared, rather than the calendar year in which the distributions are received. See the discussion below regarding distributions declared in October, November or December for further information. Distributions received by tax-exempt shareholders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent permitted under applicable tax law.

 

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, distributions of investment income are generally taxable as ordinary income. Taxes on distributions of capital gains are determined by how long the Fund owned (or is deemed to have owned) the investments that generated the gains, rather than how long a shareholder has owned his or her Shares. In general, the Fund will recognize long-term capital gain or loss on investments it has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for more than one year, and short-term capital gain or loss on investments it has owned (or is deemed to have owned) for one year or less. Tax rules can alter the Fund’s holding period in investments and thereby affect the tax treatment of gain or loss in respect of such investments. Distributions of net capital gain that are properly reported by the Fund as capital gain dividends (“Capital Gain Dividends”) will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gains includible in net capital gain and taxed to individuals at reduced rates relative to ordinary income. The IRS and the Department of the Treasury have issued regulations that impose special rules in respect of Capital Gain Dividends received through partnership interests constituting “applicable partnership interests” under Section 1061 of the Code. Distributions of net short-term capital gain (as reduced by any net long-term capital loss for the taxable year) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions of investment income reported by the Fund as derived from “qualified dividend income” will be taxed in the hands of individuals at the rates applicable to net capital gain, provided holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Fund levels. The Fund does not expect a significant portion of distributions to be derived from qualified dividend income.

 

In general, dividends of net investment income received by corporate shareholders of the Fund will qualify for the dividends-received deduction generally available to corporations only to the extent of the amount of eligible dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations for the taxable year if certain holding period and other requirements are met at both the shareholder and Fund levels. The Fund does not expect a significant portion of distributions to be eligible for the dividends-received deduction.

 

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Any distribution of income that is attributable to (i) income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction or (ii) dividend income received by the Fund on securities it temporarily purchased from a counterparty pursuant to a repurchase agreement that is treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a loan by the Fund, will not constitute qualified dividend income to non-corporate shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders.

 

The IRS currently requires a regulated investment company that the IRS recognizes as having two or more “classes” of stock for U.S. federal income tax purposes to allocate to each such class proportionate amounts of each type of its income (such as ordinary income and capital gains) based upon the percentage of total dividends distributed to each class for the tax year. Accordingly, if the Fund issues one or more series of preferred shares, the Fund will allocate Capital Gain Dividends for each tax year between and among its Shares and each such series of its preferred shares in proportion to the total dividends paid to each class with respect to such tax year. Dividends qualifying for the dividends-received deduction or as qualified dividend income will be allocated between and among Shares and each such series of preferred shares separately from dividends that do not so qualify, in each case in proportion to the total dividends paid to each share class for the Fund’s tax year.

 

The Code generally imposes a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on the net investment income of certain individuals, trusts and estates to the extent their income exceeds certain threshold amounts. For these purposes, “net investment income” generally includes, among other things, (i) distributions paid by the Fund of net investment income and capital gains as described above, and (ii) any net gain from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of Fund shares. Common shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this additional tax on their investment in the Fund.

 

If, in and with respect to any taxable year, the Fund makes a distribution in excess of its current and accumulated “earnings and profits,” the excess distribution will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of a shareholder’s tax basis in his or her Shares, and thereafter as capital gain. A return of capital is not taxable, but it reduces a shareholder’s basis in his or her shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition by the shareholder of such shares. If the Fund issues one or more series of preferred shares, where one or more such distributions occur in and with respect to any taxable year of the Fund, the available earnings and profits will be allocated first to the distributions made to the holders of such preferred shares, and only thereafter to distributions made to holders of Shares. In such case, the holders of preferred shares will receive a disproportionate share of the distributions, if any, treated as dividends, and the holders of the Shares will receive a disproportionate share of the distributions, if any, treated as a return of capital.

 

A distribution by the Fund will be treated as paid on December 31 of any calendar year if it is declared by the Fund in October, November or December with a record date in such a month and paid by the Fund during January of the following calendar year. Such distributions will be taxable to shareholders in the calendar year in which the distributions are declared, rather than the calendar year in which the distributions are received.

 

As required by federal law, detailed federal tax information with respect to each calendar year will be furnished to shareholders early in the succeeding year.

 

Dividends and distributions on Shares are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax as described herein to the extent they do not exceed the Fund’s realized income and gains, even though such dividends and distributions may economically represent a return of a particular shareholder’s investment. Such distributions are likely to occur in respect of Shares purchased at a time when the Fund’s net asset value reflects unrealized gains or income or gains that are realized but not yet distributed. Such realized income and gains may be required to be distributed even when the Fund’s net asset value also reflects unrealized losses.

 

If the Fund holds, directly or indirectly, one or more “tax credit bonds” issued prior to January 1, 2018, such as Build America Bonds issued before January 1, 2011, on one or more applicable dates during a taxable year, it is possible that the Fund will elect to permit its shareholders to claim a tax credit on their income tax returns equal to each shareholder’s proportionate share of tax credits from the applicable bonds that otherwise would be allowed to the Fund. In such a case, a shareholder will be deemed to receive a distribution of money with respect to its Fund shares equal to the shareholder’s proportionate share of the amount of such credits and be allowed a credit against the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability equal to the amount of such deemed distribution, subject to certain limitations imposed by the Code on the credits involved. Even if the Fund is eligible to pass through tax credits to shareholders, the Fund may choose not to do so.

 

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The Fund will not be considered to be a “publicly offered” regulated investment company if it does not have at least 500 shareholders at all times during a taxable year and its shares are not treated as continuously offered pursuant to a public offering. It is possible that the Fund will not be treated as a “publicly offered” regulated investment company for one or more of its taxable years. Very generally, pursuant to Treasury Department regulations, expenses of a regulated investment company that is not “publicly offered,” except those specific to its status as a regulated investment company or separate entity (e.g., registration fees or transfer agency fees), are subject to special “pass-through” rules. These expenses (which include direct and certain indirect advisory fees) are treated as additional dividends to certain Fund shareholders (generally including other regulated investment companies that are not “publicly offered,” individuals and entities that compute their taxable income in the same manner as an individual), and, other than in the case of a shareholder that is a regulated investment company that is not “publicly offered,” are not deductible by those shareholders under current law.

 

Sales, Exchanges or Repurchases of Shares. The sale, exchange or repurchase of Fund shares may give rise to a gain or loss. In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares treated as a sale or exchange for U.S. federal income tax purposes will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than 12 months. Otherwise, such gain or loss on the taxable disposition of Fund shares will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions received (or deemed received) by the shareholder with respect to the shares. All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed under the Code’s “wash sale” rule if other substantially identical shares of the Fund are purchased within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

 

A repurchase by the Fund of a Shareholder’s shares pursuant to a repurchase offer generally will be treated as a sale or exchange of the shares by a Shareholder provided that either (i) the Shareholder tenders, and the Fund repurchases, all of such Shareholder’s shares, thereby reducing the Shareholder’s percentage ownership of the Fund, whether directly or by attribution under Section 318 of the Code, to 0%, (ii) the Shareholder meets numerical safe harbors under the Code with respect to percentage voting interest and reduction in ownership of the Fund following completion of the repurchase offer, or (iii) the repurchase offer otherwise results in a “meaningful reduction” of the Shareholder’s ownership percentage interest in the Fund, which determination depends on a particular Shareholder’s facts and circumstances.

 

If a tendering Shareholder’s proportionate ownership of the Fund (determined after applying the ownership attribution rules under Section 318 of the Code) is not reduced to the extent required under the tests described above, such Shareholder will be deemed to receive a distribution from the Fund under Section 301 of the Code with respect to the shares held (or deemed held under Section 318 of the Code) by the Shareholder after the repurchase offer (a “Section 301 distribution”). The amount of this distribution will equal the price paid by the Fund to such Shareholder for the shares sold, and will be taxable as a dividend, i.e., as ordinary income, to the extent of the Fund’s current or accumulated earnings and profits allocable to such distribution, with the excess treated as a return of capital reducing the Shareholder’s tax basis in the shares held after the repurchase offer, and thereafter as capital gain. Any Fund shares held by a shareholder after a repurchase offer will be subject to basis adjustments in accordance with the provisions of the Code.

 

Provided that no tendering Shareholder is treated as receiving a Section 301 distribution as a result of selling shares pursuant to a particular repurchase offer, Shareholders who do not sell shares pursuant to that repurchase offer will not realize constructive distributions on their shares as a result of other Shareholders selling shares in the repurchase offer. In the event that any tendering Shareholder is deemed to receive a Section 301 distribution, it is possible that Shareholders whose proportionate ownership of the Fund increases as a result of that repurchase offer, including Shareholders who do not tender any shares, will be deemed to receive a constructive distribution under Section 305(c) of the Code in an amount equal to the increase in their percentage ownership of the Fund as a result of the repurchase offer. Such constructive distribution will be treated as a dividend to the extent of current or accumulated earnings and profits allocable to it.

 

Use of the Fund’s cash to repurchase shares may adversely affect the Fund’s ability to satisfy the distribution requirements for treatment as a regulated investment company described above. The Fund may also recognize income in connection with the sale of portfolio securities to fund share purchases, in which case the Fund would take any such income into account in determining whether such distribution requirements have been satisfied.

 

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The foregoing discussion does not address the tax treatment of tendering Shareholders who do not hold their shares as a capital asset. Such Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors on the specific tax consequences to them of participating or not participating in the repurchase offer.

 

Issuer Deductibility of Interest. A portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations owned by the Fund may not, and interest paid on debt obligations, if any, that are considered for tax purposes to be payable in the equity of the issuer or a related party will not be deductible to the issuer. This may affect the cash flow of the issuer. If a portion of the interest paid or accrued on certain high yield discount obligations is not deductible, that portion will be treated as a dividend paid by the issuer for purposes of the corporate dividends-received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the high yield discount obligations is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent attributable to the deemed dividend portion of such accrued interest.

 

Original Issue Discount, Payment-in-Kind Securities, Market Discount, Preferred Securities and Commodity-Linked Notes. Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance (and zero-coupon debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance) will be treated as debt obligations that are issued originally at a discount. Generally, the amount of the original issue discount (“OID”) is treated as interest income and is included in the Fund’s income and required to be distributed over the term of the debt obligation, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt obligation. Increases in the principal amount of an inflation-indexed bond will generally be treated as OID.

 

Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of more than one year from the date of issuance that are acquired by the Fund in the secondary market may be treated as having “market discount.” Very generally, market discount is the excess of the stated redemption price of a debt obligation (or in the case of an obligation issued with OID, its “revised issue price”) over the purchase price of such obligation. Generally, any gain recognized on the disposition of, and any partial payment of principal on, a debt obligation having market discount is treated as ordinary income to the extent the gain, or principal payment, does not exceed the “accrued market discount” on such debt obligation. Alternatively, the Fund may elect to accrue market discount currently, in which case the Fund will be required to include the accrued market discount on such debt obligation in the Fund’s income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt obligation, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt obligation. If the Fund makes the election referred to in the preceding sentence, then the rate at which the market discount accrues, and thus is included in the Fund’s income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Fund elects. The Fund reserves the right to revoke such an election at any time pursuant to applicable IRS procedures. In the case of higher-risk securities, the amount of market discount may be unclear. See “Tax Considerations - Higher-Risk Securities.”

 

From time to time, a substantial portion of the Fund’s investments in loans and other debt obligations could be treated as having OID and/or market discount, which, in some cases could be significant. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, the Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold.

 

A portion of the OID accrued on certain high yield discount obligations may not be deductible to the issuer and will instead be treated as a dividend paid by the issuer for purposes of the dividends-received deduction. In such cases, if the issuer of the high yield discount obligations is a domestic corporation, dividend payments by the Fund may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction to the extent attributable to the deemed dividend portion of such OID.

 

Some debt obligations with a fixed maturity date of one year or less from the date of issuance may be treated as having OID or, in certain cases, “acquisition discount” (very generally, the excess of the stated redemption price over the purchase price). The Fund will be required to include the OID or acquisition discount in income (as ordinary income) and thus distribute it over the term of the debt obligation, even though payment of that amount is not received until a later time, upon partial or full repayment or disposition of the debt obligation. The rate at which OID or acquisition discount accrues, and thus is included in the Fund’s income, will depend upon which of the permitted accrual methods the Fund elects.

 

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Some preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer the payment of distributions for a stated period without any adverse consequences to the issuer. If the Fund owns a preferred security that is deferring the payment of its distributions, the Fund may be required to report income for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of any such deferred distributions even though the Fund has not yet actually received the cash distribution.

 

In addition, pay-in-kind obligations will, and commodity-linked notes may, give rise to income which is required to be distributed and is taxable even though the Fund receives no interest payment in cash on the security during the year.

 

If the Fund holds the foregoing kinds of obligations, or other obligations subject to special rules under the Code, the Fund may be required to pay out as an income distribution each year an amount which is greater than the total amount of cash interest the Fund actually received. Such distributions may be made from the cash assets of the Fund or by disposition of portfolio securities, if necessary (including when it is not advantageous to do so). The Fund may realize gains or losses from such dispositions. In the event the Fund realizes net capital gains from such transactions, its Shareholders may receive a larger capital gain distribution than they might otherwise receive in the absence of such transactions.

 

Higher-Risk Securities. The Fund may invest in debt obligations that are in the lowest rating categories or are unrated, including debt obligations of issuers not currently paying interest or who are in default. Investments in debt obligations that are at risk of or in default present special tax issues for the Fund. Tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as whether or to what extent the Fund should recognize market discount on such a debt obligation, when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent the Fund may take deductions for bad debts or worthless securities and how the Fund should allocate payments received on obligations in default between principal and income. These and other related issues will be addressed by the Fund when, as and if it invests in such securities, in order to seek to ensure that it distributes sufficient income to preserve its status as a RIC and does not become subject to federal income or excise tax.


Securities Purchased at a Premium. Very generally, where the Fund purchases a bond at a price that exceeds the redemption price at maturity (i.e., a premium), the premium is amortizable over the remaining term of the bond. In the case of a taxable bond, if the Fund makes an election applicable to all such bonds it purchases, which election is irrevocable without consent of the IRS, the Fund reduces the current taxable income from the bond by the amortized premium and reduces its tax basis in the bond by the amount of such offset; upon the disposition or maturity of such bonds acquired on or after January 4, 2013, the Fund is permitted to deduct any remaining premium allocable to a prior period. In the case of a tax-exempt bond, tax rules require the Fund to reduce its tax basis by the amount of amortized premium.

Passive Foreign Investment Companies. Equity investments by the Fund in certain “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”) could subject the Fund to a U.S. federal income tax (including interest charges) on distributions received from the PFIC or on proceeds received from the disposition of shares in the PFIC. This tax cannot be eliminated by making distributions to Fund shareholders. However, the Fund may elect to avoid the imposition of that tax. For example, the Fund may elect to treat a PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (i.e., make a “QEF election”), in which case the Fund will be required to include its share of the company’s income and net capital gains annually, regardless of whether it receives any distribution from the company. Under final Treasury regulations, any such income or net capital gain of the PFIC that is required to be included in the Fund’s gross income would be qualifying income to the extent it is either (i) timely and currently repatriated or (ii) derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in stock, securities or currencies. The Fund also may make an election to mark the gains (and to a limited extent losses) in such holdings “to the market” as though it had sold and repurchased its holdings in those PFICs on the last day of the Fund’s taxable year. Such gains and losses are treated as ordinary income and loss. The QEF and mark-to-market elections may accelerate the recognition of income (without the receipt of cash) and increase the amount required to be distributed by the Fund to avoid taxation. Making either of these elections therefore may require the Fund to sell other investments (including when it is not advantageous to do so) to meet its distribution requirement, which also may accelerate the recognition of gain and affect the Fund’s total return. Because it is not always possible to identify a foreign corporation as a PFIC, the Fund may incur the tax and interest charges described above in some instances. Dividends paid by PFICs will not be eligible to be treated as “qualified dividend income.”

 

Municipal Bonds. The interest on municipal bonds is generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax. The Fund does not expect to invest 50% or more of its assets in municipal bonds on which the interest is exempt from U.S. federal income tax, or in interests in other regulated investment companies. As a result, it does not expect to be eligible to pay “exempt-interest dividends” to its shareholders under the applicable tax rules. As a result, interest on municipal bonds is taxable to shareholders of the Fund when received as a distribution from the Fund. In addition, gains realized by the Fund on the sale or exchange of municipal bonds are taxable to shareholders of the Fund when distributed to them.

 

Certain Investments in REITs. Any investment by the Fund in equity securities of REITs may result in the Fund’s receipt of cash in excess of the REIT’s earnings; if the Fund distributes these amounts, these distributions could constitute a return of capital to Fund Shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Investments in REIT equity securities also may require the Fund to accrue and to distribute income not yet received. To generate sufficient cash to make the requisite distributions, the Fund may be required to sell securities in its portfolio (including when it is not advantageous to do so) that it otherwise would have continued to hold. Dividends received by the Fund from a REIT generally will not constitute qualified dividend income.

 

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Distributions by the Fund to its Shareholders that the Fund properly reports as “section 199A dividends,” as defined and subject to certain conditions described below, are treated as qualified REIT dividends in the hands of non-corporate Shareholders. Non-corporate Shareholders are permitted a federal income tax deduction equal to 20% of qualified REIT dividends received by them, subject to certain limitations. Very generally, a “section 199A dividend” is any dividend or portion thereof that is attributable to certain dividends received by a RIC from REITs, to the extent such dividends are properly reported as such by the RIC in a written notice to its shareholders. A section 199A dividend is treated as a qualified REIT dividend only if the shareholder receiving such dividend holds the dividend-paying RIC shares for at least 46 days of the 91-day period beginning 45 days before the shares become ex-dividend, and is not under an obligation to make related payments with respect to a position in substantially similar or related property. The Fund is permitted to report such part of its dividends as section 199A dividends as are eligible, but is not required to do so.

 

Foreign Currency Transactions. The Fund’s transactions in foreign currencies, foreign currency-denominated debt obligations and certain foreign currency options, futures contracts and forward contracts (and similar instruments) may give rise to ordinary income or loss to the extent such income or loss results from fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency concerned. Any such net gains could require a larger dividend toward the end of the calendar year. Any such net losses will generally reduce and potentially require the recharacterization of prior ordinary income distributions and may accelerate Fund distributions to shareholders and increase the distributions taxed to Shareholders as ordinary income. Any net ordinary losses so created cannot be carried forward by the Fund to offset income or gains earned in subsequent taxable years.

 

Options, Futures, and Forward Contracts, Swap Agreements, and other Derivatives. In general, option premiums received by the Fund are not immediately included in the income of the Fund. Instead, the premiums are recognized when the option contract expires, the option is exercised by the holder, or the Fund transfers or otherwise terminates the option (e.g., through a closing transaction). If a call option written by the Fund is exercised and the Fund sells or delivers the underlying stock, the Fund generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to (a) the sum of the strike price and the option premium received by the Fund minus (b) the Fund’s basis in the stock. Such gain or loss generally will be short-term or long-term depending upon the holding period of the underlying stock. If securities are purchased by the Fund pursuant to the exercise of a put option written by it, the Fund will generally subtract the premium received for purposes of computing its cost basis in the stock purchased. Gain or loss arising in respect of a termination of the Fund’s obligation under an option other than through the exercise of the option will be short-term capital gain or loss depending on whether the premium income received by the Fund is greater or less than the amount paid by the Fund (if any) in terminating the transaction. Thus, for example, if an option written by the Fund expires unexercised, the Fund generally will recognize short-term capital gain equal to the premium received.

 

The Fund’s options activities may include transactions constituting straddles for U.S. federal income tax purposes, that is, that trigger the U.S. federal income tax straddle rules contained primarily in Section 1092 of the Code. Such straddles include, for example, positions in a particular security, or an index of securities, and one or more options that offset the former position, including options that are “covered” by the Fund’s long position in the subject security. Very generally, where applicable, Section 1092 requires (i) that losses be deferred on positions deemed to be offsetting positions with respect to “substantially similar or related property” to the extent of unrealized gain in the latter, and (ii) that the holding period of such a straddle position that has not already been held for the long-term holding period be terminated and begin anew once the position is no longer part of a straddle. Options on single stocks that are not “deep in the money” may constitute qualified covered calls, which generally are not subject to the straddle rules; the holding period on stock underlying qualified covered calls that are “in the money” although not “deep in the money” will be suspended during the period that such calls are outstanding. Thus, the straddle rules and the rules governing qualified covered calls could cause gains that would otherwise constitute long-term capital gains to be treated as short-term capital gains, and distributions that would otherwise constitute “qualified dividend income” or qualify for the dividends-received deduction to fail to satisfy the holding period requirements and therefore to be taxed as ordinary income or to fail to qualify for the dividends-received deduction, as the case may be.

 

The tax treatment of certain positions entered into by the Fund, including regulated futures contracts, certain foreign currency positions and certain listed non-equity options, will be governed by section 1256 of the Code (“section 1256 contracts”). Gains or losses on section 1256 contracts generally are considered 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses (“60/40”), although certain foreign currency gains and losses from such contracts may be treated as ordinary in character. Also, section 1256 contracts held by the Fund at the end of each taxable year (and, for purposes of the 4% excise tax, on certain other dates as prescribed under the Code) are “marked to market” with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized and the resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary or 60/40 gain or loss, as applicable.

 

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Derivatives, Hedging, and Other Transactions. In addition to the special rules described above in respect of futures and options transactions, the Fund’s transactions in other derivatives instruments (e.g., forward contracts and swap agreements), as well as any of its hedging, short sale, securities loan or similar transactions may be subject to one or more special tax rules (e.g., notional principal contract, straddle, constructive sale, wash sale and short sale rules). These rules may affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Fund are treated as ordinary or capital, accelerate the recognition of income or gains to the Fund, defer losses to the Fund, and cause adjustments in the holding periods of the Fund’s securities, thereby affecting, among other things, whether capital gains and losses are treated as short-term or long-term. These rules could, therefore, affect the amount, timing and/or character of distributions to Shareholders.

 

Because these and other tax rules applicable to these types of transactions are in some cases uncertain under current law, an adverse determination or future guidance by the IRS with respect to these rules (which determination or guidance could be retroactive) may affect whether the Fund has made sufficient distributions, and otherwise satisfied the relevant requirements, to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company and avoid a Fund-level tax.

 

Commodities and Commodity-Linked Instruments. The Fund’s investments in commodities and commodity-linked instruments, if any, will potentially be limited by the Fund’s intention to qualify as a regulated investment company, and will potentially limit the Fund’s ability to so qualify. Income and gains from commodities and certain commodity-linked instruments do not constitute qualifying income to a regulated investment company for purposes of the 90% gross income test described above. In addition, the tax treatment of some other commodity-linked instruments in which the Fund might invest is not certain, in particular with respect to whether income or gains from such instruments constitute qualifying income to a regulated investment company. If the Fund were to treat income or gain from a particular instrument as qualifying income and the income or gain were later determined not to constitute qualifying income, and, together with any other nonqualifying income, caused the Fund’s nonqualifying income to exceed 10% of its gross income in any taxable year, the Fund would fail to qualify as a regulated investment company unless it is eligible to and does pay a tax at the Fund level.

 

Book-Tax Difference. Certain of the Fund’s investments in derivative instruments and foreign currency-denominated instruments, and any of the Fund’s transactions in foreign currencies and hedging activities, are likely to produce a difference between its book income and the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any). If such a difference arises, and the Fund’s book income is less than the sum of its taxable income and net tax-exempt income (if any), the Fund could be required to make distributions exceeding book income to qualify as a regulated investment company that is accorded special tax treatment and to avoid an entity-level tax. In the alternative, if the Fund’s book income exceeds the sum of its taxable income (including realized capital gains) and net tax-exempt income, the distribution (if any) of such excess generally will be treated as (i) a dividend to the extent of the Fund’s remaining earnings and profits (including earnings and profits arising from tax-exempt income), (ii) thereafter, as a return of capital to the extent of the recipient’s basis in its shares, and (iii) thereafter as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset.

 

Short Sales. If the Fund participates in a short sale and, on the date of such short sale, the Fund either (i) does not hold securities substantially identical to those sold short or (ii) has held such substantially identical securities for one year or less, the character of gain or loss realized on such a short sale generally will be short-term. If the Fund participates in a short sale and, on the date of such short sale, the Fund has held substantially identical securities for more than one year, the character of gain realized on such short sale will be determined by reference to the Fund’s holding period in the property actually used to close the short sale; the character of loss realized on such short sale generally will be long term, regardless of the holding period of the securities actually used to close such short sale. Because net short-term capital gain (after reduction by any long-term capital loss) is generally taxed at ordinary income rates, the Fund’s short sale transactions can increase the percentage of the Fund’s gains that are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.

 

In general, excess inclusion income allocated to shareholders (i) cannot be offset by net operating losses (subject to a limited exception for certain thrift institutions), (ii) will constitute unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) to entities (including a qualified pension plan, an individual retirement account, a 401(k) plan, a Keogh plan or other tax-exempt entity) subject to tax on UBTI, thereby potentially requiring such an entity that is allocated excess inclusion income and otherwise might not be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return, to file such a tax return and pay tax on such income, and (iii) in the case of a non-U.S. shareholder, will not qualify for any reduction in U.S. federal withholding tax. A shareholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such inclusions notwithstanding any exemption from such income tax otherwise available under the Code.


Mortgage-Related Securities. The Fund may invest directly or indirectly in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”) (including by investing in residual interests in CMOs with respect to which an election to be treated as a REMIC is in effect) or equity interests in taxable mortgage pools (“TMPs”). Under a notice issued by the IRS in October 2006 and Treasury regulations that have yet to be issued but may apply retroactively, a portion of the Fund’s income (including income allocated to the Fund from a REIT or other pass-through entity) that is attributable to a residual interest in a REMIC or an equity interest in a TMP - referred to in the Code as an “excess inclusion” - will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in all events. This notice also provides, and the regulations are expected to provide, that excess inclusion income of a RIC, such as the Fund, will be allocated to Shareholders of the RIC in proportion to the dividends received by such Shareholders, with the same consequences as if the Shareholders held the related interest directly. As a result, the Fund may not be a suitable investment for charitable remainder trusts (“CRTs”), as noted below.

 

52 

 

 

Tax-Exempt Shareholders. Income of a regulated investment company that would be UBTI if earned directly by a tax-exempt entity will not generally be attributed as UBTI to a tax-exempt shareholder of the regulated investment company. Notwithstanding this “blocking” effect, a tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Fund if shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b). A tax-exempt shareholder may also recognize UBTI if the Fund recognizes “excess inclusion income” derived from direct or indirect investments in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs as described above, if the amount of such income recognized by the Fund exceeds the Fund’s investment company taxable income (after taking into account deductions for dividends paid by the Fund).

 

In addition, special tax consequences apply to CRTs that invest in regulated investment companies that invest directly or indirectly in residual interests in REMICs or equity interests in TMPs. Under legislation enacted in December 2006, if a CRT, as defined in Section 664 of the Code, realizes any UBTI for a taxable year, a 100% excise tax is imposed on such UBTI. Under IRS guidance issued in October 2006, a CRT will not recognize UBTI solely as a result of investing in a regulated investment company that recognizes “excess inclusion income.” Rather, if at any time during any taxable year a CRT (or one of certain other tax-exempt shareholders, such as the United States, a state or political subdivision, or an agency or instrumentality thereof, and certain energy cooperatives) is a record holder of a share in a regulated investment company that recognizes “excess inclusion income,” then the regulated investment company will be subject to a tax on that portion of its “excess inclusion income” for the taxable year that is allocable to such shareholders at the highest federal corporate income tax rate. The extent to which this IRS guidance remains applicable in light of the December 2006 legislation is unclear. To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the Fund may elect to specially allocate any such tax to the applicable CRT, or other shareholder, and thus reduce such shareholder’s distributions for the year by the amount of the tax that relates to such shareholder’s interest in the Fund. CRTs and other tax-exempt shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors concerning the consequences of investing in the Fund.

 

Non-U.S. Shareholders. Distributions by the Fund to shareholders that are not “United States persons” within the meaning of the Code (“foreign shareholders”) properly reported by the Fund as (1) Capital Gain Dividends, (2) short-term capital gain dividends, or (3) interest-related dividends, each as defined and subject to certain conditions described below generally are not subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax.

 

In general, the Code defines (1) “short-term capital gain dividends” as distributions of net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses and (2) “interest-related dividends” as distributions from U.S. source interest income of types similar to those not subject to U.S. federal income tax if earned directly by an individual foreign shareholder, in each case to the extent such distributions are properly reported as such by the Fund in a written notice to shareholders. The exceptions to withholding for Capital Gain Dividends and short-term capital gain dividends do not apply to (A) distributions to an individual foreign shareholder who is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the distribution and (B) distributions attributable to gain that is effectively connected with the conduct by the foreign shareholder of a trade or business within the United States under special rules regarding the disposition of “U.S. real property interests” (“USRPIs”) as described below. The exception to withholding for interest-related dividends does not apply to distributions to a foreign shareholder (A) that has not provided a satisfactory statement that the beneficial owner is not a United States person, (B) to the extent that the dividend is attributable to certain interest on an obligation if the foreign shareholder is the issuer or is a 10% shareholder of the issuer, (C) that is within certain foreign countries that have inadequate information exchange with the United States, or (D) to the extent the dividend is attributable to interest paid by a person that is a related person of the foreign shareholder and the foreign shareholder is a controlled foreign corporation. If the Fund invests in a regulated investment company that pays such distributions to the Fund, such distributions retain their character as not subject to withholding if properly reported when paid by the Fund to foreign shareholders.

 

The Fund is permitted to report such part of its dividends as interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends as are eligible, but is not required to do so. In the case of shares held through an intermediary, the intermediary may withhold even if the Fund reports all or a portion of a payment as an interest-related or short-term capital gain dividend to shareholders.

 

53 

 

 

Foreign shareholders should contact their intermediaries regarding the application of withholding rules to their accounts.

 

Distributions by the Fund to foreign shareholders other than Capital Gain Dividends, short-term capital gain dividends, and interest-related dividends (e.g., dividends attributable to dividend and foreign-source interest income or to short-term capital gains or U.S. source interest income to which the exception from withholding described above does not apply) are generally subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate).

 

A foreign shareholder is not, in general, subject to U.S. federal income tax on gains (and is not allowed a deduction for losses) realized on the sale of shares of the Fund unless (i) such gain is effectively connected with the conduct by the foreign shareholder of a trade or business within the United States, (ii) in the case of a foreign shareholder that is an individual, the shareholder is present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the year of the sale and certain other conditions are met, or (iii) the special rules relating to gain attributable to the sale or exchange of USRPIs apply to the foreign shareholder’s sale of shares of the Fund (as described below).

 

Foreign shareholders with respect to whom income from the Fund is effectively connected with a trade or business conducted by the foreign shareholder within the United States will in general be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the income derived from the Fund at the graduated rates applicable to U.S. citizens, residents or domestic corporations, whether such income is received in cash or reinvested in shares of the Fund and, in the case of a foreign corporation, may also be subject to a branch profits tax. If a foreign shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the shareholder in the United States. More generally, foreign shareholders who are residents in a country with an income tax treaty with the United States may obtain different tax results than those described herein, and are urged to consult their tax advisors.

 

Special rules would apply if the Fund were a qualified investment entity (“QIE”) because it is either a “U.S. real property holding corporation” (“USRPHC”) or would be a USRPHC but for the operation of certain exceptions to the definition thereof. Very generally, a USRPHC is a domestic corporation that holds USRPIs the fair market value of which equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market values of the corporation’s USRPIs, interests in real property located outside the United States, and other trade or business assets. USRPIs are generally defined as any interest in U.S. real property and any interest (other than solely as a creditor) in a USRPHC or, very generally, an entity that has been a USRPHC in the last five years. A regulated investment company that holds, directly or indirectly, significant interests in REITs may be a USRPHC. Interests in domestically controlled QIEs, including REITs and regulated investment companies that are QIEs, not-greater-than-10% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in REITs and notgreater-than-5% interests in publicly traded classes of stock in regulated investment companies generally are not USRPIs, but these exceptions do not apply for purposes of determining whether the Fund is a QIE.

 

If an interest in the Fund were a USRPI, the Fund would be required to withhold U.S. tax on the proceeds of a share redemption by a greater-than-5% foreign shareholder or any foreign shareholder if shares of the Fund are not considered regularly traded on an established securities market, in which case such foreign shareholder generally would also be required to file a U.S. tax return and pay any additional taxes due in connection with the redemption. If the Fund were a QIE, under a special “look-through” rule, any distributions by the Fund to a foreign shareholder (including, in certain cases, distributions made by the Fund in repurchase of its shares) attributable directly or indirectly to (i) distributions received by the Fund from a lower-tier regulated investment company or REIT that the Fund is required to treat as USRPI gain in its hands, or (ii) gains realized by the Fund on the disposition of USRPIs would retain their character as gains realized from USRPIs in the hands of the Fund’s foreign shareholders, and would be subject to U.S. withholding tax. In addition, such distributions could result in the foreign shareholder being required to file a U.S. tax return and pay tax on the distributions at regular U.S. federal income tax rates. The consequences to a foreign shareholder, including the rate of such withholding and character of such distributions (e.g., as ordinary income or USRPI gain), would vary depending upon the extent of the foreign shareholder’s current and past ownership of the Fund.

 

The Fund generally does not expect that it will be a QIE. Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisers and, if holding shares through intermediaries, their intermediaries, concerning the application of these rules to their investment in the Fund.

 

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Foreign shareholders also may be subject to “wash sale” rules to prevent the avoidance of the tax-filing and -payment obligations discussed above through the sale and repurchase of Fund shares.

 

In order for a foreign shareholder to qualify for any exemptions from withholding described above or for lower withholding tax rates under income tax treaties, or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, a foreign shareholder must comply with special certification and filing requirements relating to its non-U.S. status (including, in general, furnishing an IRS Form W-8BEN, W-8BEN-E or substitute form). Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisors in this regard.

 

Special rules (including withholding and reporting requirements) apply to foreign partnerships and those holding Fund shares through foreign partnerships. Additional considerations may apply to foreign trusts and estates. Investors holding Fund shares through foreign entities should consult their tax advisers about their particular situation.

 

A foreign shareholder may be subject to state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the U.S. federal income tax referred to above.

 

A beneficial holder of shares who is a non-U.S. person may be subject to state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax in addition to the U.S. federal tax on income referred to above.

 

Backup Withholding. The Fund is generally required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury a percentage of taxable distributions and redemption proceeds paid to any individual shareholder who fails to properly furnish the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number, who has under-reported dividend or interest income, or who fails to certify to the Fund that he or she is not subject to such withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS.

 

Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations. Under U.S. Treasury regulations, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder (or greater amounts over a combination of years), the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on IRS Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a regulated investment company are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all regulated investment companies. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

 

Other Reporting and Withholding Requirements. Sections 1471-1474 of the Code and the U.S. Treasury and IRS guidance issued thereunder (collectively, “FATCA”) generally require the Fund to obtain information sufficient to identify the status of each of its shareholders under FATCA or under an applicable intergovernmental agreement (an “IGA”) between the United States and a foreign government. If a shareholder fails to provide the requested information or otherwise fails to comply with FATCA or an IGA, the Fund may be required to withhold under FATCA at a rate of 30% with respect to that shareholder on ordinary dividends it pays. The IRS and the Department of Treasury have issued proposed regulations providing that these withholding rules will not apply to the gross proceeds of share redemptions or Capital Gain Dividends the Fund pays. If a payment by the Fund is subject to FATCA withholding, the Fund is required to withhold even if such payment would otherwise be exempt from withholding under the rules applicable to foreign shareholders described above (e.g., interest-related dividends).

 

Shareholders that are U.S. persons and own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the Fund could be required to report annually their “financial interest” in the Fund’s “foreign financial accounts,” if any, on FinCEN Form 114, Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts (FBAR). Shareholders should consult a tax advisor, and persons investing in the Fund through an intermediary should contact their intermediary, regarding the applicability to them of this reporting requirement.

 

Each prospective investor is urged to consult its tax adviser regarding the applicability of FATCA and any other reporting requirements with respect to the prospective investor’s own situation, including investments through an intermediary.

 

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Shares Purchased Through Tax-Qualified Plans. Special tax rules apply to investments through defined contribution plans and other tax-qualified plans. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers to determine the suitability of shares of the Fund as an investment through such plans and the precise effect of an investment on their particular tax situation.

 

Proxy Voting POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

 

The Board has delegated responsibility for decisions regarding proxy voting for securities held by the Fund to each respective Sub-Adviser. Each Sub-Adviser will vote such proxies in accordance with its proxy policies and procedures. Copies of each Sub-Adviser’s proxy policies and procedures are included as Appendix A to this SAI. The Board will periodically review the Fund’s proxy voting record.

 

The Fund is required to file Form N-PX, with its complete proxy voting record for the twelve months ended June 30, no later than August 31 of each year. The Fund’s Form N-PX filing will be available: (i) without charge, upon request, by calling the Fund at [to be updated by amendment] or (ii) by visiting the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

 

[A principal shareholder is any person who owns (either of record or beneficially) 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund. A control person is a shareholder who owns, either directly or indirectly, more than 25% of the voting securities of the Fund or acknowledges the existence of control. A control person may be able to determine the outcome of any matter affecting and voted on by shareholders of the Fund.

 

As of the date of this SAI, Jackson National Life Insurance Company owned beneficially 100% of the outstanding Shares of the Fund.

 

As of the date of this SAI, the Trustees and officers did not own Shares of the Fund.

 

As of the date of this SAI, the Fund could be deemed to be under control of the Jackson National Life Insurance Company, which had voting authority with respect to 100% of the value of the outstanding interests in the Fund on such date. However, it is anticipated that the Adviser will no longer be a control person once the Fund commences investment operations and its Class I Shares are sold to the public.] [to be updated by amendment]

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

 

A Registration Statement on Form N-2, including amendments thereto, relating to the Shares offered hereby, has been filed by the Fund with the SEC in Washington, D.C. The Fund’s Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information do not contain all of the information set forth in the Registration Statement, including any exhibits and schedules thereto. For further information with respect to the Fund and the Shares offered hereby, reference is made to the Fund’s Registration Statement. Statements contained in the Fund’s Prospectus and this Statement of Additional Information as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete and in each instance reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference. Copies of the Registration Statement may be inspected without charge at the SEC’s principal office in Washington, D.C., and copies of all or any part thereof may be obtained from the SEC upon the payment of certain fees prescribed by the SEC or on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

Financial Statements

 

The Fund’s Statement of Assets and Liabilities as of [to be updated by amendment] and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, with respect hereto, is set forth below. The Fund has had no investment operations as of the date of this SAI, other than matters relating to the issuance of the initial shares that are reported in the Statement of Assets and Liabilities; therefore, the Statement of Operations and Notes to Financial Statements are not presented.

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

[to be updated by amendment]

 

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Jackson Real Assets Fund

Statement of Assets and Liabilities

 

[to be updated by amendment]

 

See accompanying Notes to Statements of Assets and Liabilities

 

Jackson Real Assets Fund

Notes to Statement of Assets and Liabilities

 

[to be updated by amendment]

 

57 

 

 

APPENDIX A — PROXY PROCEDURES

 

[to be updated by amendment]

 

A-1 

 

 


JACKSON REAL ASSETS FUND
PART C
OTHER INFORMATION

Item 25. Financial Statements and Exhibits.
 
   
(1)
   
Financial Statements.
 
         
     
Jackson Real Assets Fund (the “Registrant”) has not conducted any business as of the date of this filing, other than in connection with its organization. Financial statements indicating that the Registrant has met the net worth requirements of Section 14(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Act”) will be filed with a Pre-effective Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form N-2.
 
         
(2)
   
Exhibits.
 
         
(a)
(1)
 
Declaration of Trust of Registrant, dated November 29, 2023, attached hereto.
 
         
 
(2)
 
Amendment No. 1, dated November 30, 2023, to the Declaration of Trust of Registrant, attached hereto.
 
         
(b)
   
By-Laws of Registrant, dated November 29, 2023, attached hereto.
 
         
(c)
   
Not applicable.
 
         
(d)
(1)
 
See Article IV and Article V (portions relating to shareholders’ rights) of the Declaration of Trust of the Registrant, attached hereto.
 
         
 
(2)
 
See Article III (portion relating to shareholders’ rights) of the By-Laws of Registrant, attached hereto.
 
         
(e)
   
Dividend Reinvestment Plan, to be filed by amendment.
 
         
(f)
   
Not applicable.
 
         
     
Jackson National Asset Management, LLC (“JNAM”)
 
         
(g)
(1)
 
Investment Advisory and Management Agreement between JNAM and Registrant, to be filed by amendment.
 
         
     
[     ]
 
         
 
(2)
 
Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between JNAM and [     ], to be filed by amendment.
 
         
     
[     ]
 
         
 
(3)
 
Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between JNAM and [     ], to be filed by amendment.
 
         
(h)
(1)
 
Distribution Agreement between Registrant and Jackson National Life Distributors LLC (“JNLD”), to be filed by amendment.
 
         
 
(2)
 
Multiple Class Plan for Registrant, to be filed by amendment.
 
         
 
(3)
 
Shareholder Servicing Plan for Registrant, to be filed by amendment.
 
         
(i)
   
Not Applicable.
 
         
(j)
(1)
 
Master Global Custody Agreement between Registrant and [     ], to be filed by amendment.
 
         
(k)
(1)
 
Administration Agreement between Registrant and JNAM, to be filed by amendment.
 
         
 
(2)
 
Transfer Agency Agreement between Registrant and [     ], to be filed by amendment.
 
         
(l)
   
Opinion and Consent of Counsel, to be filed by amendment.
 
         
(m)
   
Not Applicable.
 
         
(n)
   
Consent of Auditors, to be filed by amendment.
 
         
(o)
   
Not Applicable.
 
         
(p)
   
Initial Capital Agreement, to be filed by amendment.
 
         
(q)
   
Not Applicable.
 
         
(r)
(1)
 
Jackson Financial Inc. Advisory Code of Ethics for Registrant, JNAM, and JNLD, to be filed by amendment.
 
         
 
(2)
 
Code of Ethics for [     ], to be filed by amendment.
 
         
 
(3)
 
Code of Ethics for [     ], to be filed by amendment.
 
         
(s)
   
Power of Attorney, to be filed by amendment.
 
         

Item 26. Marketing Arrangements.
 
Not applicable.
 

Item 27. Other Expenses of Issuance or Distribution.
     
Securities and Exchange Commission fees
$
*
Printing and engraving expenses
 
*
Legal fees
 
*
Accounting expenses
 
*
Total
   

Item 28. Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant.
   
Certain “fund of funds” of JNL Series Trust may invest in Class I shares of the Registrant. The JNL Series Trust shares are sold directly through the separate accounts (listed below) of Jackson National Life Insurance Company and Jackson National Life Insurance Company of New York, each a stock life insurance company organized under the laws of the state of Michigan and under the laws of the state of New York, respectively, and each is a wholly owned subsidiary of Jackson Financial Inc., a publicly traded life insurance company in the United States.
 
   
Separate Accounts:
Jackson National Separate Account I
Jackson National Separate Account III
Jackson National Separate Account IV
Jackson National Separate Account V
JNLNY Separate Account I
JNLNY Separate Account II
JNLNY Separate Account IV
 
   
The organizational chart for Jackson Financial Inc. indicates those persons who are controlled by or under common control with Jackson National Life Insurance Company and Jackson National Life Insurance Company of New York.
 
   
No person is controlled by the Registrant.
 
   
The organizational chart for Jackson Financial Inc. is attached hereto.
 
   

Item 29. Number of Holders of Securities.
         
There are no record holders at this time. The number of record holders will be provided in future filings.
   
         
Title of Class
 
Number of Record Holders
   
Class I Shares
 
0
   
         

Item 30. Indemnification.
 
   
Declaration of Trust:  Article IV of the Registrant’s Declaration of Trust provides that each of its Trustees and Officers (including persons who serve at the Registrant’s request as directors, officers or trustees of another organization in which the Registrant has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise) (each, a “Covered Person”) shall be indemnified by the Registrant against all liabilities and expenses that may be incurred by reason of being or having been such a Covered Person, except that no Covered Person shall be indemnified against any liability to the Registrant or its shareholders to which such Covered Person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such Covered Person’s office.
 
   
Article IV, Section 4.3 of the Registrant’s Declaration of Trust provides the following:
 
   
(a)
Subject to the exceptions and limitations contained in paragraph (b) below:
 
     
 
(i)
every person who is, or has been, a Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust (including any individual who serves at its request as director, officer, partner, trustee or the like of another organization in which it has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise) shall be indemnified by the Trust, to the fullest extent permitted by law against all liability and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding in which he becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his being or having been a Trustee or officer and against amounts paid or incurred by him in the settlement thereof;
 
     
 
(ii)
the words “claim,” “action,” “suit,” or “proceeding” shall apply to all claims, actions, suits or proceedings (civil, criminal, or other, including appeals), actual or threatened; and the words “liability” and “expenses” shall include, without limitation, attorneys' fees, costs, judgments, amounts paid in settlement, fines, penalties and other liabilities.
 
     
(b)
No indemnification shall be provided hereunder to a Trustee or officer:
 
     
 
(i)
against any liability to the Trust or the Shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office;
 
     
 
(ii)
with respect to any matter as to which he shall have been finally adjudicated not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in the best interest of the Trust;
 
     
 
(iii)
in the event of a settlement or other disposition not involving a final adjudication as provided in paragraph (b)(ii) resulting in a payment by a Trustee or officer, unless there has been a determination that such Trustee or officer did not engage in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office:
 
     
   
(A)
by the court or other body approving the settlement or other disposition;
 
     
   
(B)
based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry) by (i) vote of a majority of the Non-interested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the Non-interested Trustees then in office act on the matter) or (ii) written opinion of independent legal counsel; or
 
     
   
(C)
by a vote of a majority of the Shares outstanding and entitled to vote (excluding Shares owned of record or beneficially by such individual).
 
     
(c)
The rights of indemnification herein provided may be insured against by policies maintained by the Trust, shall be severable, shall not affect any other rights to which any Trustee or officer may now or hereafter be entitled, shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be such Trustee or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors, administrators and assigns of such a person.  Nothing contained herein shall affect any rights to indemnification to which personnel of the Trust other than Trustees and officers may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law.
 
     
(d)
Expenses of preparation and presentation of a defense to any claim, action, suit or proceeding of the character described in paragraph (a) of this Section 4.3 may be advanced by the Trust prior to final disposition thereof upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the recipient to repay such amount if it is ultimately determined that he is not entitled to indemnification under this Section 4.3, provided that either:
 
     
 
(i)
such undertaking is secured by a surety bond or some other appropriate security provided by the recipient, or the Trust shall be insured against losses arising out of any such advances; or
 
     
 
(ii)
a majority of the Non-interested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the Non-interested Trustees act on the matter) or an independent legal counsel in a written opinion shall determine, based upon a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that there is reason to believe that the recipient ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.
 
     
As used in Section 4.3 of the Registrant’s Declaration of Trust, a “Non-interested Trustee” is one who (i) is not an Interested Person of the Trust (including anyone who has been exempted from being an Interested Person by any rule, regulation or order of the Commission), and (ii) is not involved in the claim, action, suit or proceeding.
 
 
Indemnification Arrangements:  The foregoing indemnification arrangements are subject to the provisions of Section 17(h) of the Investment Company Act of 1940.
 
   
Insofar as indemnification by the Registrant for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted against the Registrant by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
 
   
In addition to the above indemnification, Jackson National Life Insurance Company extends its indemnification of its own officers, directors and employees to cover such persons’ activities as officers, trustees or employees of the Registrant.
 
   

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser.
 
   
Incorporated herein by reference from the Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information relating to the Trust are the following: the description of the business of JNAM contained in the section entitled “Management of the Fund” of the Prospectus, and the biographical information pertaining to Messrs. Childs, Gorman, Harding, Koors, Lueck, O’Boyle, Nerud, and Tedeschi; and Mses. Bennett, Crosser, Leeman, Nelson, and Rhee contained in the section entitled “Trustees and Officers of the Fund” and the description of JNAM contained in the section entitled “Investment Adviser” of the Statement of Additional Information.
 


Directors and Officers of JNAM:
 
       
NAME
ADDRESS
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION
 
       
Lisa Benkowski
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Assistant Vice President, Business Systems (08/20/2016 to 02/26/2022).
Vice President, Technology Solutions Integration (02/26/2022 to 07/31/2023).
 
       
Emily Bennett
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Associate General Counsel (02/29/2016 to 08/30/2021).
Assistant Vice President, Legal (02/17/2018 to 08/27/2022).
Deputy General Counsel (08/30/2021 to present); and
Vice President, Legal (08/27/2022 to present).
 
       
Eric Bjornson
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Vice President, Operations (06/28/2014 to 02/26/2022).
Senior Vice President, Operations (02/26/2022 to present).
 
       
Garett J. Childs
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Assistant Vice President, Corporate Finance and Chief Risk Officer (08/11/2016 to 02/16/2019).
Controller (12/28/2013 to 02/19/2020).
Vice President, Finance and Risk (02/16/2019 to present); and
Chief Financial Officer (08/28/2021 to present).
 
       
Michael A. Costello
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Managing Board Member (06/30/2016 to 12/31/2022).
 
 
       
Robert Dombrower
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Vice President (07/01/2017 to present).
 
       
Kevin Frank
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Assistant Vice President, Fund Operations and Accounting Policy (09/11/2018 to 02/26/2022).
Vice President, Fund Operations and Accounting Policy (02/26/2022 to present).
 
       
Devkumar Ganguly
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Managing Board Member (01/01/2023 to present).
 
 
       
Mark Godfrey
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Vice President (07/01/2017 to present).
 
       
Scott Golde
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Managing Board Member (01/01/2023 to present).
 
 
       
Stephanie Goodrich
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Assistant Vice President, Sub-Adviser Oversight (08/31/2019 to present).
 
       
Richard Gorman
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Senior Vice President, Chief Compliance Officer (08/20/2018 to present).
 
       
William Harding
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Senior Vice President, Chief Investment Officer (06/28/2014 to present).
 
       
Bradley O. Harris
 
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Managing Board Member (12/01/2015 to 12/31/2022).
 
 
       
Kelli Hill
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Vice President (07/01/2017 to present).
 
       
Sean Hynes
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Assistant Vice President, Investment Management (08/20/2016 to present).
 
       
Daniel W. Koors
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Senior Vice President (01/2009 to present); and
Chief Operating Officer (04/11/2011 to present).
 
       
Jim McCartin
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Vice President (09/01/2018 to present).
 
       
P. Chad Meyers
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Chairman (10/15/2015 to 09/19/2022).
Managing Board Member (05/20/2015 to 12/31/2022).
 
       
Christopher Miller
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Assistant Vice President, Valuation (08/26/2023 to present).
 
       
Mia K. Nelson
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Assistant Vice President, Tax (02/18/2017 to 08/27/2022).
Vice President, Tax (08/27/2022 to present).
 
       
Mark D. Nerud
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Managing Board Member (05/20/2015 to present);
Chairman (09/19/2022 to present);
President (01/01/2007 to present); and
Chief Executive Officer (01/01/2010 to present).
 
       
Joseph B. O’Boyle
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Vice President, Compliance (09/10/2015 to present).
 
       
Joseph Patracuollo
 
300 Innovation Drive
Franklin, Tennessee 37067
Jackson National Life Distributors – Vice President (08/01/2018 to 09/10/2022)
Head of Portfolio Specialist Group (09/10/2022 to present).
 
       
Mark Pliska
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Assistant Vice President (03/01/2021 to present).
 
       
Alison Reed
300 Innovation Drive
Franklin, Tennessee 37067
Managing Board Member (06/30/2016 to present).
 
 
       
Susan S. Rhee
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Secretary (11/2000 to present);
Senior Vice President (01/01/2010 to present); and
General Counsel (01/01/2010 to present).
 
       
Kristan L. Richardson
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Assistant Secretary (06/12/2014 to present).
 
       
Andrew Tedeschi
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Vice President, Financial Reporting (01/28/2019 to present).
 
       
Tiffany Williams
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Assistant Secretary (11/15/2021 to 05/26/2023).
 
       
Bryan Yates
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
Assistant Vice President, Investment Operations (08/20/2016 to 02/26/2022).
Vice President, Investment Operations (02/26/2022 to present).
 

[     ] and [     ], each a sub-adviser of the Trust, are each primarily engaged in the business of rendering investment advisory services. Reference is made to the most recent Form ADVs and schedules thereto on file with the Commission for a description of the names and employment of the directors and officers of the sub-advisers and other required information:
 

SUB-ADVISER:
FILE NO.:
 
     
[     ]
[  ]
 
     
[     ]
[  ]
 
     


Item 32. Location of Accounts and Records.
 
   
The accounts, books, and records of the Registrant, that are required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules thereunder, are located at the offices of the Registrant at 1 Corporate Way, Lansing, Michigan 48951, at 225 West Wacker Drive, Suite 1200, Chicago, Illinois 60606, and at the following locations:
 
   
Office of the Administrator
1 Corporate Way
Lansing, Michigan 48951
 
   
Office of the Custodian:
[     ]
[
]
 
   
[     ]
[
]
 
   
[     ]
[
]
 
   
     

Item 33. Management Services.
 
   
Not Applicable.
 
   

Item 34. Undertakings.
 
   
1.  Not Applicable.
 
   
2.  Not Applicable.
 
   
3. The Registrant undertakes:
 
a. to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to the registration statement:
 
(1) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
 
(2) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement.
 
(3) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.
 
b. That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of those securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; and
 
c. To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
 
d. That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to any purchaser:
 
(1) if the Registrant is subject to Rule 430B under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended:
 
(A) each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
 
(B) each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (x), or (xi) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or
 
(2) if the Registrant is subject to Rule 430C under the 1933 Act: Each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
 
e. That for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities:
 
The undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to the purchaser:
 
(1) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;
 
(2) free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrant;
 
(3) the portion of any other free writing prospectus or advertisement pursuant to Rule 482 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and
 
(4) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.
 
   
4. Not applicable.
 
   
5. Not applicable.
 
   
6. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
 
   
7. The Registrant undertakes to send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery, within two business days of receipt of a written or oral request, its prospectus or Statement of Additional Information.
 
   

SIGNATURES
 
   
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Lansing and the State of Michigan on the 15th day of December, 2023.
 
   
   
JACKSON REAL ASSETS FUND
 
   
/s/ Mark Nerud
 
Mark Nerud
 
Trustee
 
   
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.
 
   
   
   
 /s/ Mark Nerud
December 15, 2023
 
Mark D. Nerud
   
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
   
   
/s/ Andrew Tedeschi
 December 15, 2023
 
Andrew Tedeschi
   
Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
   
   



EXHIBIT LIST
 
         
Exhibit
Number 25(2)
Exhibit
Description
 
   
(a)
(1)
 
Declaration of Trust of Registrant, dated November 29, 2023 attached hereto as EX 25(2)(a)(1).
 
         
 
(2)
 
Amendment No. 1, dated November 30, 2023, to the Declaration of Trust of Registrant, attached hereto as EX 25(2)(a)(2).
 
         
(b)
   
By-Laws of Registrant, dated November 29, 2023 attached hereto as EX 25(2)(b).
 
         
Exhibit
Number 28
Exhibit
Description
 
         
     
The organizational chart for Jackson Financial Inc. is attached hereto as EX 28.