Provision Expense

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Notes and other explanatory information [abstract]

Provision expense

7.Provision expense

The movements in loss allowance were as follows:

	Loans to customers											Due from banks		Financial assets at FVTOCI								Cash and cash equivalents		Other assets			Contin- gencies			Total
	Stage 1			Stage 2			Stage 3			POCI		Stage 1		Stage 1			Stage 2			Stage 3		Stage 1		Stage 3			Stage 1
Loss allowance as at    31 December 2022		67,604			11,785			135,313			–		6		82			656			–		3		7,794			39			223,282
Changes in provisions
-Transfer to Stage 1		15,923			(1,448	)		(14,475	)		–		–		–			–			–		–		–			–			–
-Transfer to Stage 2		(10,396	)		16,184			(5,788	)		–		–		(1	)		1			–		–		–			–			–
-Transfer to Stage 3		(25,126	)		(5,745	)		30,871			–		–		–			(530	)		530		–		–			–			–
Net changes, resulting from changes    in credit risk parameters		(25,885	)		(2,531	)		61,320			261		–		5			31			606		20		2,060			(4	)		35,883
New assets issued		75,077			–			–			–		–		28			–			–		–		–			–			75,105
Repaid assets (except for write off)		(37,258	)		(1,955	)		(12,662	)		–		–		–			–			–		–		–			–			(51,875	)
Modification effect		–			–			20,521			–		–		–			–			–		–		–			–			20,521
Total effect on Consolidated    Statements of Profit or Loss		11,934			(4,486	)		69,179			261		–		33			31			606		20		2,060			(4	)		79,634
Write-off, net of recoveries		–			–			(49,055	)		–		–		–			–			–		–		(4,214	)		–			(53,269	)
Foreign exchange difference		–			–			(3	)		–		–		–			–			–		–		–			–			(3	)
As at 31 December 2023		59,939			16,290			166,042			261		6		114			158			1,136		23		5,640			35			249,644

Net changes, resulting from changes in credit risk parameters include decrease of provisions due to partial repayment of loans.

As at 31 December 2023, 2024 and 2025, the allowance for impairment losses on financial assets at FVTOCI of KZT 1,408 million, KZT 1,178 million and KZT 816 million, respectively, is included in the ‘Revaluation reserve/(deficit) of financial assets and other reserves’ within equity.

Reclassification of financial assets from financial assets carried at FVTOCI to other assets relates to the bonds, which have matured, but not repaid as at 31 December 2022.

	Loans to customers											Due from banks		Financial assets at FVTOCI								Cash and cash equivalents		Other assets			Contin- gencies			Total
	Stage 1			Stage 2			Stage 3			POCI		Stage 1		Stage 1		Stage 2			Stage 3			Stage 1		Stage 3			Stage 1
Loss allowance as at    31 December 2023		59,939			16,290			166,042			261		6		114		158			1,136			23		5,640			35			249,644
Changes in provisions
-Transfer to Stage 1		27,424			(3,919	)		(23,505	)		–		–		–		–			–			–		–			–			–
-Transfer to Stage 2		(11,051	)		20,608			(9,557	)		–		–		–		–			–			–		–			–			–
-Transfer to Stage 3		(25,149	)		(7,250	)		32,399			–		–		–		–			–			–		–			–			–
Net changes, resulting from changes    in credit risk parameters		(27,598	)		(1,896	)		65,061			1,924		1		195		(18	)		(549	)		19		3,909			(35	)		41,013
New assets issued		86,095			–			–			–		–		142		–			–			–		–			–			86,237
Repaid assets (except for write off)		(32,139	)		(1,455	)		(13,333	)		–		–		–		–			–			–		–			–			(46,927	)
Modification effect		–			–			33,634			–		–		–		–			–			–		–			–			33,634
Total effect on Consolidated    Statements of Profit or Loss		26,358			(3,351	)		85,362			1,924		1		337		(18	)		(549	)		19		3,909			(35	)		113,957
Write-off, net of recoveries		–			–			(56,973	)		–		–		–		–			–					(979	)		–			(57,952	)
Foreign exchange difference		–			–			(9	)		–		–		–		–			–			–		–			–			(9	)
As at 31 December 2024		77,521			22,378			193,759			2,185		7		451		140			587			42		8,570			–			305,640

	Loans to customers												Due from banks		Financial assets at FVTOCI									Cash and cash equivalents		Other assets			Contin- gencies		Total
	Stage 1			Stage 2			Stage 3			POCI			Stage 1		Stage 1			Stage 2			Stage 3			Stage 1		Stage 3			Stage 1
Loss allowance as at    31 December 2024		77,521			22,378			193,759			2,185			7		451			140			587			42		8,570			–		305,640
Changes in provisions
-Transfer to Stage 1		31,006			(3,095	)		(27,911	)		–			–		–			–			–			–		–			–		–
-Transfer to Stage 2		(11,830	)		18,565			(6,735	)		–			–		–			–			–			–		–			–		–
-Transfer to Stage 3		(26,981	)		(13,731	)		40,712			–			–		–			–			–			–		–			–		–
Net changes, resulting from changes    in credit risk parameters		(39,150	)		3,189			118,230			(702	)		1		(42	)		(81	)		(166	)		4		3,600			–		84,883
New assets issued		78,682			–			–			–			–		22			–			–			–		–			–		78,704
Repaid assets (except for write off)		(35,531	)		(1,966	)		(12,576	)		–			–		(95	)		–			–			–		–			–		(50,168	)
Modification effect		–			–			48,232			–			–		–			–			–			–		–			–		48,232
Total effect on Consolidated Statements of Profit or Loss		4,001			1,223			153,886			(702	)		1		(115	)		(81	)		(166	)		4		3,600			–		161,651
Write-off, net of recoveries		–			–			(85,959	)		–			–		–			–			–			–					–		(85,959	)
On acquisition of subsidiary		539			856			2,783			–			–		–			–			–			–		(162	)		–		4,016
Other changes		(94	)		(135	)		(582	)		–			–		–			–			–			–		450			–		(361	)
Foreign exchange difference		–			–			105			–			–		–			–			–			–		–			–		105
As at 31 December 2025		74,162			26,061			270,058			1,483			8		336			59			421			46		12,458			–		385,092