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Variable Interest Entities (''VIE'')
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Variable Interest Entities (''VIE'')  
Variable Interest Entities (''VIE'')

Note 22 – Variable Interest Entities (“VIE”)

The Company makes equity investments in various entities that are considered VIEs, as defined by U.S. GAAP. A VIE typically does not have sufficient equity at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. The Company’s variable interest arises from contractual, ownership or other monetary interests in the entity, which change with fluctuations in the fair value of the entity's net assets. The Company consolidates a VIE if it is the primary beneficiary of the entity.

The Company is determined to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE if its variable interest provides it with the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE and the right to receive benefits (or the obligation to absorb losses) that could potentially be significant to the VIE. To determine whether or not a variable interest held could potentially be significant to the VIE, the Company considers both qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the nature, size and form of its involvement with the VIE. The Company assesses whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis.

Unconsolidated Variable Interest Entities

LIHTC Partnerships

Through designated wholly-owned subsidiaries, the Company makes equity investments as a limited partner in various partnerships that sponsor affordable housing projects utilizing the LIHTC. The purpose of these investments is to achieve a satisfactory return on capital and to support the Company’s community reinvestment initiatives. LIHTC partnerships are managed by unrelated general partners that have the power to direct the activities which most significantly affect the performance of the partnerships. The Company is therefore not the primary beneficiary of any LIHTC partnerships. Accordingly, the Company does not consolidate these VIEs and accounts for these investments in non-public investments on the consolidated balance sheets.

Renewable Energy Tax Credit Investments

The Company invests in renewable energy tax credits, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, 1892 Investments, whereby the Company contributes capital to the energy providers as a non-managing member in return for income tax credits. The purpose of these investments is to achieve a satisfactory return on capital and to support clean-energy initiatives. These entities are considered VIEs as the Company’s subsidiaries represent the holders of the equity investments at risk, but do not have the ability to direct the activities that most significantly affect the performance of the entities. Accordingly, the Company does not consolidate these VIEs and accounts for these investments in non-public investments on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company accounts for all qualifying renewable energy tax credit investments under the proportional amortization method.

Under this method, an entity amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits received and recognizes the net investment performance as a component of income tax expense.