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INCOME TAX (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
INCOME TAX  
Schedule of maximum applicable income tax rates of other countries where the Company's subsidiaries having significant operations

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Year ended December 31, 

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2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2023

​

UK

 

25

%  

25

%  

25

%

Netherlands

 

25.8

%  

25.8

%  

25.8

%

Schedule of component of income tax expense

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Year ended December 31, 

​

​

2025

​

2024

​

2023

​

  ​ ​ ​

US$

  ​ ​ ​

US$

  ​ ​ ​

US$

Chinese mainland

 

(325,751)

 

(542,211)

 

(513,768)

UK

 

(36,680)

 

(197,586)

 

(166,174)

Netherlands

 

(50,797)

 

(69,870)

 

(46,774)

Others

 

(37,035)

 

(295,439)

 

(21,378)

Total

 

(450,263)

 

(1,105,106)

 

(748,094)

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Year ended December 31, 

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2025

​

2024

​

2023

​

  ​ ​ ​

US$

  ​ ​ ​

US$

  ​ ​ ​

US$

Current income tax expense

 

15,259

 

2,012

 

1,113

Deferred income tax expense

 

687

 

—

 

—

Total income tax expense

 

15,946

 

2,012

 

1,113

Schedule of reconciliation of actual income tax expense reported from the amount computed by applying the PRC income tax rate

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Year ended December 31, 

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​

2025

​

2024

​

2023

​

  ​ ​ ​

US$

  ​ ​ ​

US$

  ​ ​ ​

US$

Computed expected income tax benefit at the PRC statutory tax rate of 25%

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(112,069)

​

(276,319)

​

(187,286)

Effect on tax rates in different tax jurisdiction

 

22,858

 

75,134

 

824

Preferential tax rate impact

​

(1,322)

​

(399)

​

(423)

Tax effect of non-deductible expenses and tax-free income

 

116,342

 

4,457

 

3,137

Tax effect of R&D expenses additional deduction

 

(44,392)

 

(13,025)

 

(17,732)

Change in valuation allowance

 

33,523

 

212,302

 

202,586

Others

 

1,006

 

(138)

 

7

Income tax expense

 

15,946

 

2,012

 

1,113

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities

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As of December 31, 

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​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

​

​

US$

​

US$

 Deferred tax assets:

 

  ​

 

  ​

Net operating losses carryforwards

 

392,449

 

344,269

Deferral of tax deduction of R&D expenses

​

286,520

​

319,768

Accrued expenses

 

40,633

​

37,460

Operating lease liabilities

 

18,479

​

24,437

Others

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37,949

​

27,843

Total gross deferred tax assets

 

776,030

​

753,777

Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets

 

(632,645)

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(585,820)

Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance

 

143,385

​

167,957

Deferred tax liabilities:

 

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​

Government grants

 

(113,142)

​

(132,061)

Operating lease right-of-use assets

 

(28,981)

​

(34,193)

Others

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(1,960)

​

(1,703)

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

(144,083)

​

(167,957)

Net deferred tax liabilities

 

(698)

 

—

Summary of valuation allowance

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Year ended December 31, 

​

​

2025

  ​ ​ ​

2024

​

2023

​

​

US$

​

US$

  ​ ​ ​

US$

Balance at the beginning of the year

 

585,820

 

390,737

​

202,715

Addition

 

33,523

 

209,569

​

189,952

Effect of foreign currency translation

 

13,302

 

(14,486)

​

(1,930)

Balance at the end of the year

 

632,645

 

585,820

 

390,737