Loans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Receivables [Abstract]

Loan portfolio segment descriptions

The Firm’s loan portfolio is divided into three portfolio segments, which are the same segments used by the Firm to determine the allowance for loan losses: Consumer, excluding credit card; Credit card; and Wholesale. Within each portfolio segment the Firm monitors and assesses the credit risk in the following classes of loans, based on the risk characteristics of each loan class.

Consumer, excluding credit card	Credit card	Wholesale(c)(d)
• Residential real estate(a) • Auto and other(b)	• Credit card loans	• Secured by real estate • Commercial and industrial • Other(e)

(a)Includes scored mortgage and home equity loans held in CCB and AWM, and scored mortgage loans held in CIB.

(b)Includes scored auto, business banking and consumer unsecured loans as well as overdrafts, primarily in CCB.

(c)Includes loans held in CIB, AWM, Corporate, and risk-rated exposure held in CCB, for which the wholesale methodology is applied when determining the allowance for loan losses.

(d)The wholesale portfolio segment's classes align with loan classifications as defined by the Federal Reserve Board ("FRB") in effect at each period presented, based on the loan's collateral, purpose, and type of borrower.

(e)Includes loans to financial institutions, SPEs, personal investment companies and trusts, individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB), states and political subdivisions, as well as loans to nonprofits. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorganChase’s 2024 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.

Loans by portfolio segment

The following tables summarize the Firm’s loan balances by portfolio segment.

September 30, 2025 (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card		Credit card		Wholesale		Total(a)(b)
Retained	$	369,859	$	235,475	$	764,451	$	1,369,785
Held-for-sale	384		—		10,391		10,775
At fair value	22,841		—		31,845		54,686
Total	$	393,084	$	235,475	$	806,687	$	1,435,246
December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card		Credit card		Wholesale		Total(a)(b)
Retained	$	376,334	$	232,860	$	690,396	$	1,299,590
Held-for-sale	945		—		6,103		7,048
At fair value	15,531		—		25,819		41,350
Total	$	392,810	$	232,860	$	722,318	$	1,347,988

(a)Excludes $6.9 billion and $6.6 billion of accrued interest receivables at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Firm wrote off accrued interest receivables of $22 million and $85 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, and were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

(b)Loans (other than those for which the fair value option has been elected) are presented net of unamortized discounts and premiums and net deferred loan fees or costs, which were not material as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Refer to Note 34 of JPMorganChase’s 2024 Form 10-K for more information on the discount associated with First Republic loans.

The following table provides information about retained consumer loans, excluding credit card, by class.

(in millions)	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Residential real estate	$	303,836	$	309,513
Auto and other	66,023		66,821
Total retained loans	$	369,859	$	376,334

Retained loans purchased, sold and reclassified to held-for-sale

The following tables provide information about the carrying value of retained loans purchased, sold and reclassified to held-for-sale during the periods indicated. Loans that were reclassified to held-for-sale and sold in a subsequent period are excluded from the sales line of this table.

	2025									2024
Three months ended September 30, (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card			Credit card		Wholesale		Total		Consumer, excluding credit card			Credit card		Wholesale		Total
Purchases	$	232	(b)(c)	$	—	$	1,240	$	1,472	$	180	(b)(c)	$	—	$	668	$	848
Sales	1,957			—		12,016		13,973		2,474			—		10,488		12,962
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)	45			—		161		206		330			—		131		461
	2025									2024
Nine months ended September 30, (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card			Credit card		Wholesale		Total		Consumer, excluding credit card			Credit card		Wholesale		Total
Purchases	$	517	(b)(c)	$	—	$	1,573	$	2,090	$	536	(b)(c)	$	—	$	1,022	$	1,558
Sales	1,957			—		37,096		39,053		10,440			—		31,024		41,464
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)	276			—		948		1,224		1,499			—		679		2,178

(a)Reclassifications of loans to held-for-sale are non-cash transactions.

(b)Includes purchases of residential real estate loans, including the Firm’s voluntary repurchases of certain delinquent loans from loan pools as permitted by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) guidelines. The Firm typically elects to repurchase these delinquent loans as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with applicable requirements of Ginnie Mae, FHA, RHS, and/or VA.

(c)Excludes purchases of retained loans of $1.4 billion and $181 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $2.4 billion and $465 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which are predominantly sourced through the correspondent origination channel and underwritten in accordance with the Firm’s standards.

Gains and losses on sales of loans

The following table provides information on the net gains/(losses) on sales of loans and lending-related commitments (including adjustments to record loans and lending-related commitments held-for-sale at the lower of cost or fair value), which were recognized in noninterest revenue. In addition, the sale of loans may also result in write downs, recoveries or changes in the allowance recognized in the provision for credit losses.

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans and lending-related commitments (a)	$	113	$	65	$	156	$	125

(a)Includes $59 million and $47 million related to loans for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $96 million and $80 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Financing receivable credit quality indicators

The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.

As of or for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 (in millions, except ratios)	Term loans by origination year(c)																		Revolving loans						Total
	2025			2024			2023			2022			2021			Prior to 2021			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency(a)
Current	$	14,777		$	10,772		$	15,077		$	58,159		$	76,062		$	113,250		$	6,630		$	6,389		$	301,116
30–149 days past due	1			28			54			149			146			723			39			183			1,323
150 or more days past due	—			8			62			274			227			703			12			111			1,397
Total retained loans	$	14,778		$	10,808		$	15,193		$	58,582		$	76,435		$	114,676		$	6,681		$	6,683		$	303,836
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(b)	0.01		%	0.33		%	0.76		%	0.72		%	0.49		%	1.23		%	0.76		%	4.40		%	0.89		%
Gross charge-offs	$	—		$	1		$	2		$	5		$	5		$	7		$	18		$	4		$	42

	Term loans by origination year(c)																		Revolving loans						Total
As of or for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions, except ratios)	2024			2023			2022			2021			2020			Prior to 2020			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency(a)
Current	$	12,301		$	17,280		$	61,337		$	79,760		$	52,289		$	70,270		$	6,974		$	7,088		$	307,299
30–149 days past due	13			54			139			110			59			747			53			204			1,379
150 or more days past due	—			11			71			68			49			501			8			127			835
Total retained loans	$	12,314		$	17,345		$	61,547		$	79,938		$	52,397		$	71,518		$	7,035		$	7,419		$	309,513
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(b)	0.11		%	0.37		%	0.34		%	0.22		%	0.21		%	1.72		%	0.87		%	4.46		%	0.71		%
Gross charge-offs	$	—		$	—		$	1		$	1		$	—		$	176		$	21		$	7		$	206

(a)Individual delinquency classifications include mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

(b)Excludes mortgage loans that are 30 or more days past due insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.

(c)Purchased loans are included in the year in which they were originated.

The following table provides information on nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators for retained residential real estate loans.

(in millions, except weighted-average data)	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)(c)(d)	$	3,711		$	2,984
Current estimated LTV ratios(e)(f)(g)
Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	$	55		$	72
Less than 660	3			3
101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	211			161
Less than 660	18			5
80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	8,375			4,962
Less than 660	129			73
Less than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	286,009			294,797
Less than 660	8,370			8,534
No FICO/LTV available(h)	666			906
Total retained loans	$	303,836		$	309,513
Weighted-average LTV ratio(e)(i)	46		%	47		%
Weighted-average FICO(f)(i)	774			774
Geographic region(h)(j)
California	$	117,880		$	120,944
New York	46,333			46,854
Florida	21,735			21,820
Texas	14,379			14,531
Massachusetts	13,131			13,511
Colorado	10,412			10,465
Washington	9,366			9,372
Illinois	9,294			9,835
New Jersey	7,431			7,554
Connecticut	6,833			6,854
All other	47,042			47,773
Total retained loans	$	303,836		$	309,513

(a)Includes collateral-dependent residential real estate loans that are charged down to the fair value of the underlying collateral less costs to sell. The Firm reports, in accordance with regulatory guidance, residential real estate loans that have been discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower (“Chapter 7 loans”) as collateral-dependent nonaccrual loans, regardless of their delinquency status. At September 30, 2025, approximately 9% of Chapter 7 residential real estate loans were 30 days or more past due.

(b)Mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies excluded from nonaccrual loans were not material at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

(c)Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.

(d)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was $35 million and $38 million and $109 million and $123 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(e)Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models using nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. Current estimated combined LTV for junior lien home equity loans considers all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property.

(f)Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm on at least a quarterly basis.

(g)Includes residential real estate loans, primarily held in LLCs in AWM that did not have a refreshed FICO score. These loans have been included in a FICO band based on management’s estimation of the borrower’s credit quality.

(h)Included U.S. government-guaranteed loans as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

(i)Excludes loans with no FICO and/or LTV data available.

(j)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at September 30, 2025.

The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.

As of or for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 (in millions, except ratios)	Term loans by origination year																		Revolving loans
	2025			2024			2023			2022			2021			Prior to 2021			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current	$	21,022		$	18,306		$	10,900		$	5,852		$	3,813		$	1,282		$	3,732		$	174		$	65,081
30–119 days past due	117			171			219			178			108			30			33			45			901
120 or more days past due	—			1			1			—			1			2			3			33			41
Total retained loans	$	21,139		$	18,478		$	11,120		$	6,030		$	3,922		$	1,314		$	3,768		$	252		$	66,023
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	0.55		%	0.93		%	1.98		%	2.95		%	2.75		%	2.36		%	0.96		%	30.95		%	1.42		%
Gross charge-offs	$	153		$	180		$	190		$	123		$	56		$	64		$	—		$	6		$	772

As of or for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions, except ratios)	Term loans by origination year																		Revolving loans
	2024			2023			2022			2021			2020			Prior to 2020			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current	$	26,165		$	15,953		$	9,201		$	7,014		$	2,895		$	624		$	3,714		$	148		$	65,714
30–119 days past due	190			283			259			179			53			23			40			34			1,061
120 or more days past due	1			1			—			5			6			—			3			30			46
Total retained loans	$	26,356		$	16,237		$	9,460		$	7,198		$	2,954		$	647		$	3,757		$	212		$	66,821
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	0.72		%	1.75		%	2.74		%	2.50		%	1.76		%	3.55		%	1.14		%	30.19		%	1.64		%
Gross charge-offs	$	269		$	348		$	224		$	126		$	37		$	82		$	1		$	6		$	1,093

The following table provides information on nonaccrual and geographic region as a credit quality indicator for retained auto and other consumer loans.

(in millions)	Total Auto and other
	September 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)	$	243	$	249
Geographic region(c)
California	$	10,101	$	10,321
Texas	7,996		7,772
Florida	5,429		5,428
New York	4,833		4,905
Illinois	2,867		2,890
New Jersey	2,399		2,468
Pennsylvania	2,043		2,012
Georgia	1,707		1,716
Arizona	1,614		1,643
North Carolina	1,590		1,597
All other	25,444		26,069
Total retained loans	$	66,023	$	66,821

(a)Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.

(b)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

(c)The geographic regions presented in this table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at September 30, 2025.

The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.

As of or for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 (in millions, except ratios)	Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	228,457		$	1,976		$	230,433
30–89 days past due and still accruing	2,353			166			2,519
90 or more days past due and still accruing	2,441			82			2,523
Total retained loans	$	233,251		$	2,224		$	235,475
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	2.06		%	11.15		%	2.14		%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans	1.05			3.69			1.07
Gross charge-offs	$	6,621		$	244		$	6,865

As of or for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions, except ratios)	Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	226,532		$	1,284		$	227,816
30–89 days past due and still accruing	2,291			109			2,400
90 or more days past due and still accruing	2,591			53			2,644
Total retained loans	$	231,414		$	1,446		$	232,860
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	2.11		%	11.20		%	2.17		%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans	1.12			3.67			1.14
Gross charge-offs	$	7,951		$	247		$	8,198

The following table provides information on other credit quality indicators for retained credit card loans.

(in millions, except ratios)	September 30, 2025			December 31, 2024
Geographic region(a)
California	$	36,654		$	36,385
Texas	24,938			24,423
New York	18,807			18,525
Florida	17,576			17,236
Illinois	12,605			12,442
New Jersey	9,839			9,644
Colorado	7,140			6,962
Ohio	6,945			6,976
Pennsylvania	6,520			6,558
Arizona	5,957			5,796
All other	88,494			87,913
Total retained loans	$	235,475		$	232,860
Percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores
Equal to or greater than 660	84.4		%	85.5		%
Less than 660	15.5			14.3
No FICO available	0.1			0.2

(a)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at September 30, 2025.

The following tables provide information on internal risk rating and gross charge-offs for retained wholesale loans.

	Secured by real estate						Commercial and industrial						Other(a)						Total retained loans
(in millions, except ratios)	Sep 30, 2025			Dec 31, 2024			Sep 30, 2025			Dec 31, 2024			Sep 30, 2025			Dec 31, 2024			Sep 30, 2025			Dec 31, 2024
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	116,618		$	114,280		$	70,936		$	70,862		$	331,727		$	286,528		$	519,281		$	471,670
Noninvestment-grade:
Noncriticized	37,288			37,422			95,356			83,191			86,038			72,743			218,682			193,356
Criticized performing	8,930			9,291			10,888			10,977			1,930			1,160			21,748			21,428
Criticized nonaccrual	1,535			1,439			2,405			1,760			800			743			4,740			3,942
Total noninvestment-grade	47,753			48,152			108,649			95,928			88,768			74,646			245,170			218,726
Total retained loans	$	164,371		$	162,432		$	179,585		$	166,790		$	420,495		$	361,174		$	764,451		$	690,396
% of investment-grade to total retained loans	70.95		%	70.36		%	39.50		%	42.49		%	78.89		%	79.33		%	67.93		%	68.32		%
% of total criticized to total retained loans	6.37			6.61			7.40			7.64			0.65			0.53			3.46			3.67
% of criticized nonaccrual to total retained loans	0.93			0.89			1.34			1.06			0.19			0.21			0.62			0.57

(a)Includes loans to financial institutions, SPEs, personal investment companies and trusts, individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB), states and political subdivisions, as well as loans to nonprofits. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, predominantly consisted of $131.4 billion and $114.8 billion, respectively, to individuals and individual entities; $116.4 billion and $92.5 billion, respectively, to SPEs; and $112.7 billion and $94.0 billion, respectively, to financial institutions. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorganChase’s 2024 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.

As of or for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 (in millions)	Secured by real estate
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior to 2021		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	11,452	$	9,784	$	9,515	$	23,417	$	21,854	$	39,494	$	1,102	$	—	$	116,618
Noninvestment-grade	4,278		3,540		5,002		13,720		7,839		11,582		1,699		93		47,753
Total retained loans	$	15,730	$	13,324	$	14,517	$	37,137	$	29,693	$	51,076	$	2,801	$	93	$	164,371
Gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	1	$	75	$	78	$	114	$	1	$	—	$	269

    

As of or for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Secured by real estate
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	10,002	$	9,834	$	25,284	$	22,796	$	15,548	$	29,488	$	1,328	$	—	$	114,280
Noninvestment-grade	4,238		5,366		14,717		8,567		3,462		10,392		1,317		93		48,152
Total retained loans	$	14,240	$	15,200	$	40,001	$	31,363	$	19,010	$	39,880	$	2,645	$	93	$	162,432
Gross charge-offs	$	72	$	18	$	43	$	2	$	109	$	80	$	—	$	—	$	324

As of or for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 (in millions)	Commercial and industrial
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior to 2021		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	11,835	$	6,246	$	3,251	$	4,944	$	2,096	$	1,429	$	41,134	$	1	$	70,936
Noninvestment-grade	24,448		15,309		7,538		7,029		2,515		1,023		50,686		101		108,649
Total retained loans	$	36,283	$	21,555	$	10,789	$	11,973	$	4,611	$	2,452	$	91,820	$	102	$	179,585
Gross charge-offs	$	44	$	19	$	7	$	95	$	124	$	26	$	282	$	6	$	603

As of or for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Commercial and industrial
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	11,564	$	6,285	$	6,588	$	3,119	$	1,067	$	1,139	$	41,099	$	1	$	70,862
Noninvestment-grade	21,251		11,350		10,942		5,322		783		975		45,181		124		95,928
Total retained loans	$	32,815	$	17,635	$	17,530	$	8,441	$	1,850	$	2,114	$	86,280	$	125	$	166,790
Gross charge-offs	$	25	$	22	$	128	$	24	$	1	$	50	$	270	$	5	$	525

As of or for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 (in millions)	Other(a)
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior to 2021		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	34,425	$	15,984	$	9,108	$	10,927	$	5,758	$	12,441	$	242,972	$	112	$	331,727
Noninvestment-grade	12,669		7,221		5,116		4,537		2,142		2,569		54,366		148		88,768
Total retained loans	$	47,094	$	23,205	$	14,224	$	15,464	$	7,900	$	15,010	$	297,338	$	260	$	420,495
Gross charge-offs	$	31	$	173	$	42	$	2	$	4	$	16	$	17	$	105	$	390

As of or for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Other(a)
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	30,484	$	17,039	$	13,272	$	6,288	$	8,632	$	7,382	$	201,949	$	1,482	$	286,528
Noninvestment-grade	11,784		7,248		5,918		3,296		1,366		1,886		42,954		194		74,646
Total retained loans	$	42,268	$	24,287	$	19,190	$	9,584	$	9,998	$	9,268	$	244,903	$	1,676	$	361,174
Gross charge-offs	$	—	$	38	$	3	$	36	$	40	$	50	$	6	$	—	$	173

(a)Includes loans to financial institutions, SPEs, personal investment companies and trusts, individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB), states and political subdivisions, as well as loans to nonprofits. Refer to Note 14 of JPMorganChase’s 2024 Form 10-K for more information on SPEs.

The following table presents additional information on retained loans secured by real estate, which consists of loans secured wholly or substantially by a lien or liens on real property at origination.

(in millions, except ratios)	Multifamily						Other commercial						Total retained Secured by real estate loans
	Sep 30, 2025			Dec 31, 2024			Sep 30, 2025			Dec 31, 2024			Sep 30, 2025			Dec 31, 2024
Retained loans secured by real estate	$	103,026		$	101,114		$	61,345		$	61,318		$	164,371		$	162,432
Criticized	4,495			4,700			5,970			6,030			10,465			10,730
% of criticized to total retained loans secured by real estate	4.36		%	4.65		%	9.73		%	9.83		%	6.37		%	6.61		%
Criticized nonaccrual	$	380		$	337		$	1,155		$	1,102		$	1,535		$	1,439
% of criticized nonaccrual loans to total retained loans secured by real estate	0.37		%	0.33		%	1.88		%	1.80		%	0.93		%	0.89		%

Geographic distribution and delinquency

The following table provides information on the geographic distribution and delinquency for retained wholesale loans.

	Secured by real estate				Commercial and industrial				Other				Total retained loans
(in millions)	Sep 30, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		Sep 30, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		Sep 30, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		Sep 30, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Loans by geographic distribution(a)
Total U.S.	$	161,145	$	159,209	$	134,153	$	127,626	$	316,328	$	278,077	$	611,626	$	564,912
Total non-U.S.	3,226		3,223		45,432		39,164		104,167		83,097		152,825		125,484
Total retained loans	$	164,371	$	162,432	$	179,585	$	166,790	$	420,495	$	361,174	$	764,451	$	690,396
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	162,473	$	159,949	$	176,350	$	164,104	$	418,490	$	359,191	$	757,313	$	683,244
30–89 days past due and still accruing	304		918		577		868		1,063		1,152		1,944		2,938
90 or more days past due and still accruing(b)	59		126		253		58		142		88		454		272
Criticized nonaccrual	1,535		1,439		2,405		1,760		800		743		4,740		3,942
Total retained loans	$	164,371	$	162,432	$	179,585	$	166,790	$	420,495	$	361,174	$	764,451	$	690,396

(a)The U.S. and non-U.S. distribution is determined based predominantly on the domicile of the borrower.

(b)Represents loans that are considered well-collateralized and therefore still accruing interest.

Payment status of FDMs

The following table provides information on the payment status of retained residential real estate FDMs during the twelve months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

(in millions)	Amortized cost basis
	Twelve months ended September 30,
	2025		2024
Current	$	356	$	143
30-149 days past due	76		45
150 or more days past due	630		23
Total	$	1,062	$	211

The following table provides information on the payment status of retained credit card FDMs during the twelve months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

(in millions)	Amortized cost basis
	Twelve months ended September 30,
	2025		2024
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	1,438	$	757
30-89 days past due and still accruing	134		70
90 or more days past due and still accruing	70		41
Total	$	1,642	$	868

The following table provides information on the payment status of retained wholesale FDMs during the twelve months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

	Amortized cost basis
	Twelve months ended September 30, 2025						Twelve months ended September 30, 2024
(in millions)	Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other		Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	408	$	1,683	$	79	$	281	$	1,077	$	367
30-89 days past due and still accruing	—		10		—		1		21		9
90 or more days past due and still accruing	—		13		—		—		4		—
Criticized nonaccrual	375		800		12		64		507		167
Total	$	783	$	2,506	$	91	$	346	$	1,609	$	543

Financial effects of FDMs

The following tables provide information on retained credit card FDMs.

	Loan modifications
	Three months ended September 30, 2025					Nine months ended September 30, 2025
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans		Financial effect of loan modifications	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Term extension and interest rate reduction(a)(b)	$	562	0.24	%	Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.06% to 3.48%	$	1,285	0.61	%	Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.08% to 3.48%
Other(b)(c)	93		0.04		Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 23.11% to 8.02%	151		0.06		Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 23.03% to 8.04%
Total	$	655				$	1,436

	Loan modifications
	Three months ended September 30, 2024					Nine months ended September 30, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans		Financial effect of loan modifications	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Term extension and interest rate reduction(a)(b)	$	272	0.12	%	Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.77% to 3.03%	$	714	0.33	%	Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.89% to 3.12%
Total	$	272				$	714

(a)Term extension includes credit card loans whose terms have been modified under long-term programs by placing the customer's credit card account on a fixed payment plan.

(b)The interest rates represent the weighted average at the time of modification.

(c)Primarily interest rate reduction.

The following tables provide information on retained wholesale loan modifications considered FDMs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

	Secured by real estate
	Three months ended September 30, 2025					Nine months ended September 30, 2025
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Secured by real estate loans		Financial effect of loan modifications	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Secured by real estate loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	64	0.04	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 5 months	$	620	0.38	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 16 months
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral	35		0.02		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at maturity	50		0.03		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at maturity
Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension	—		—		NM	42		0.03		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts recaptured at maturity and extended loans by a weighted-average of 37 months
Other(a)	—		—		NM	1		—		NM
Total	$	99				$	713

(a)Includes a loan with multiple modifications.

	Secured by real estate
	Three months ended September 30, 2024					Nine months ended September 30, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Secured by real estate loans		Financial effect of loan modifications	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Secured by real estate loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	267	0.16	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 14 months	$	271	0.17	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 14 months
Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and interest rate reduction	—		—		NM	47		0.03		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts recaptured at maturity and reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 162 bps
Other(a)	4		—		NM	9		0.01		NM
Total	$	271				$	327

(a)Includes loans with a single modification.

	Commercial and industrial
	Three months ended September 30, 2025					Nine months ended September 30, 2025
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans		Financial effect of loan modifications	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	361	0.20	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 27 months	$	894	0.50	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 24 months
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral	389		0.22		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at the end of the deferral period	746		0.42		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at the end of the deferral period
Interest rate reduction	23		0.01		Reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 50 bps	24		0.01		Reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 54 bps
Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension	81		0.05		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over remaining tenor and extended loans by a weighted-average of 22 months	127		0.07		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over remaining tenor and extended loans by a weighted-average of 20 months
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral, interest rate reduction and term extension	2		—		NM	92		0.05		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at maturity, reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 1061 bps and extended loans by a weighted-average of 16 months
Interest rate reduction and term extension	1		—		NM	83		0.05		Reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 647 bps and extended loans by a weighted-average of 26 months
Other(a)	19		0.01		NM	32		0.02		NM
Total	$	876				$	1,998

(a)Includes loans with multiple modifications.

	Commercial and industrial
	Three months ended September 30, 2024					Nine months ended September 30, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans		Financial effect of loan modifications	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	443	0.27	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 15 months	$	880	0.54	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 17 months
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral	215		0.13		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining tenor	315		0.19		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining tenor
Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension	1		—		NM	127		0.08		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at the end of the deferral period and extended loans by a weighted-average of 22 months
Other(a)	5		—		NM	26		0.02		NM
Total	$	664				$	1,348

(a)Includes loans with both single and multiple modifications.

	Other
	Three months ended September 30, 2025					Nine months ended September 30, 2025
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans		Financial effect of loan modifications	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	64	0.02	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 6 months	$	87	0.02	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 11 months
Other(a)	—		—		NM	3		—		NM
Total	$	64				$	90

(a)Includes loans with multiple modifications.

	Other
	Three months ended September 30, 2024					Nine months ended September 30, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans		Financial effect of loan modifications	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	260	0.07	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 30 months	$	282	0.08	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 29 months
Other(a)	—		—		NM	6		—		NM
Total	$	260				$	288

(a)Includes loans with both single and multiple modifications.

Nonaccrual loans

The following table provides information on retained wholesale nonaccrual loans.

(in millions)	Secured by real estate				Commercial and industrial				Other				Total retained loans
	Sep 30, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		Sep 30, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		Sep 30, 2025		Dec 31, 2024		Sep 30, 2025		Dec 31, 2024
Nonaccrual loans
With an allowance	$	515	$	366	$	1,880	$	1,362	$	379	$	555	$	2,774	$	2,283
Without an allowance(a)	1,020		1,073		525		398		421		188		1,966		1,659
Total nonaccrual loans(b)	$	1,535	$	1,439	$	2,405	$	1,760	$	800	$	743	$	4,740	$	3,942

(a)When the discounted cash flows or collateral value equals or exceeds the amortized cost of the loan, the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the loans have been partially charged off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.

(b)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Defaults of FDMs

The following table provides information on retained wholesale FDMs that defaulted in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 that were reported as FDMs in the twelve months prior to the default.

	Amortized cost basis
	Three months ended September 30, 2025						Nine months ended September 30, 2025
(in millions)	Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other		Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other
Term extension	$	3	$	31	$	15	$	39	$	72	$	25
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral	—		12		—		—		12		—
Interest rate reduction and term extension	—		—		—		—		4		—
Total(a)	$	3	$	43	$	15	$	39	$	88	$	25

	Amortized cost basis
	Three months ended September 30, 2024						Nine months ended September 30, 2024
(in millions)	Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other		Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other
Term extension	$	1	$	80	$	10	$	1	$	88	$	12
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral	—		123		—		—		124		—
Interest rate reduction and term extension	—		—		—		—		1		—
Total(a)	$	1	$	203	$	10	$	1	$	213	$	12

(a)Represents FDMs that were 30 days or more past due.