Business Segments & Corporate

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segments & Corporate

Business segments & Corporate

Business segment reorganization: Effective in the second quarter of 2024, the Firm reorganized its reportable business segments by combining the former Corporate & Investment Bank and Commercial Banking business segments to form one reportable segment, the Commercial & Investment Bank. As a result of the reorganization, the Firm has three reportable business segments – Consumer & Community Banking, Commercial & Investment Bank, and Asset & Wealth Management – with the remaining activities in Corporate.

Adoption of accounting standard — Segment Reporting — Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures: This guidance was adopted retrospectively for the Firm’s annual Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2024. The adoption of this guidance requires additional reportable segment disclosures, primarily relating to significant segment expenses and the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). Adoption of this guidance did not result in changes to the identification of the Firm’s reportable business segments, or of its CODM.

The Firm is managed on an LOB basis. The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is evaluated by the Firm’s Operating Committee, whose members act collectively as the Firm’s CODM. Segment results are presented on a managed basis. Refer to Segment & Corporate results in this footnote for a further discussion of JPMorganChase’s reportable business segments and Corporate.

The following is a description of each of the Firm’s reportable business segments, and the products and services that they provide to their respective client bases, as well as a description of Corporate activities.

Consumer & Community Banking

Consumer & Community Banking offers products and services to consumers and small businesses through bank branches, ATMs, digital (including mobile and online) and telephone banking. CCB is organized into Banking & Wealth Management (including Consumer Banking, Business Banking and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management), Home Lending (including Home Lending Production, Home Lending Servicing and Real Estate Portfolios) and Card Services & Auto. Banking & Wealth Management offers deposit, investment and lending products, cash management, payments and services. Home Lending includes mortgage origination and servicing activities, as well as portfolios consisting of residential mortgages and home equity loans. Card Services issues credit cards and offers travel services. Auto originates and services auto loans and leases.

Commercial & Investment Bank

The Commercial & Investment Bank is comprised of the Banking & Payments and Markets & Securities Services businesses. These businesses offer investment banking, lending, payments, market-making, financing, custody and securities products and services to a global base of corporate and institutional clients. Banking & Payments offers products and services in all major capital markets, including advising on corporate strategy and structure, capital-raising in equity and debt markets, and loan origination and syndication. Banking & Payments also provides services that enable clients to manage payments globally across liquidity and account solutions, commerce solutions, clearing, trade, and working capital. Markets & Securities Services includes Markets, which is a global market-maker across products, including cash and derivative instruments, and also offers sophisticated risk management solutions, lending, prime brokerage, clearing and research. Markets & Securities Services also includes Securities Services, a leading global custodian that provides custody, fund services, liquidity and trading services, and data solutions products.

Asset & Wealth Management

Asset & Wealth Management, with client assets of $5.9 trillion, is a global leader in investment and wealth management.

Asset Management

Offers multi-asset investment management solutions across equities, fixed income, alternatives and money market funds to institutional and retail investors providing for a broad range of clients’ investment needs.

Global Private Bank

Provides retirement products and services, brokerage, custody, estate planning, lending, deposits and investment management to high net worth clients.

The majority of AWM’s client assets are in actively managed portfolios.

Corporate

Corporate consists of Treasury and Chief Investment Office (“CIO”) and Other Corporate. Treasury and CIO is predominantly responsible for measuring, monitoring, reporting and managing the Firm’s liquidity, funding, capital, structural interest rate and foreign exchange risks.

Other Corporate includes staff functions and expense that is centrally managed as well as certain Firm initiatives and activities not solely aligned to a specific LOB. The major Other Corporate functions include Real Estate, Technology, Legal, Corporate Finance, Human Resources, Internal Audit, Risk Management, Compliance, Control Management, Corporate Responsibility and various Other Corporate groups.

Description of business segment reporting methodology

Results of the reportable business segments are intended to present each segment as if it were a stand-alone business. The management reporting process that derives business segment results includes the allocation of certain income and expense items. The Firm periodically assesses the assumptions, methodologies and reporting classifications used for segment reporting, and therefore further refinements may be implemented in future periods. The Firm also assesses the level of capital required for each LOB on at least an annual basis. The Firm’s LOBs also provide various business metrics which are utilized by the Firm and its investors and analysts in assessing performance.

Revenue sharing

When business segments or businesses within each segment join efforts to sell products and services to the Firm’s clients and customers, the participating businesses may agree to share revenue from those transactions. Revenue is generally recognized in the segment responsible for the related product or service, with allocations to the other segments or businesses involved in the transaction. The segment and business results reflect these revenue-sharing agreements.

Expense allocation

Where business segments use services provided by Corporate support units, or another business segment, the costs of those services are allocated to the respective business segments. The expense is generally allocated based on the actual cost and use of services provided. In contrast, certain costs and investments related to Corporate that are not currently utilized by any LOB are not allocated to the business segments and are retained in Corporate. Expense retained in Corporate generally includes costs that would not be incurred if the segments were stand-alone businesses, and other items not solely aligned with a particular reportable business segment.

Funds transfer pricing

Funds transfer pricing (“FTP”) is the process by which the Firm allocates interest income and expense to the LOBs and Other Corporate and transfers the primary interest rate risk and liquidity risk to Treasury and CIO.

The funds transfer pricing process considers the interest rate and liquidity risk characteristics of assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet products.

Periodically, the methodology and assumptions utilized in the FTP process are adjusted to reflect economic conditions and other factors, which may impact the allocation of net interest income to the segments. Effective in the fourth quarter of 2024, the Firm updated its FTP with respect to consumer deposits, which resulted in an increase in the funding benefit reflected within CCB’s net interest income that is fully offset in Corporate, with no effect on the Firm’s net interest income.

Foreign exchange risk

Foreign exchange risk is transferred from the LOBs and Other Corporate to Treasury and CIO for certain revenues and expenses. Treasury and CIO manages these risks centrally and reports the impact of foreign exchange rate movements related to the transferred risk in its results.

Debt expense and preferred stock dividend allocation

As part of the FTP process, almost all of the cost of the credit spread component of outstanding unsecured long-term debt and preferred stock dividends is allocated to the reportable business segments, while the balance of the cost is retained in Corporate. The methodology to allocate the cost of unsecured long-term debt and preferred stock dividends to the business segments is aligned with the relevant regulatory capital requirements and funding needs of the LOBs, as applicable. The allocated cost of unsecured long-term debt is included in a business segment’s net interest income, and net income is reduced by preferred stock dividends, to arrive at a business segment’s net income applicable to common equity.

Capital allocation

Each LOB and Corporate is allocated capital by taking into consideration a variety of factors including capital levels of similarly rated peers and applicable regulatory capital requirements. ROE is measured and internal targets for expected returns are established as key measures of an LOB’s performance.

The Firm’s current equity allocation methodology incorporates Basel III Standardized RWA and the GSIB surcharge, both under rules currently in effect, as well as a simulation of capital depletion in a severe stress environment. At least annually, the assumptions, judgments and methodologies used to allocate capital are reassessed and, as a result, the capital allocated to the LOBs and Corporate may change.

Segment & Corporate results

The following table provides a summary of results for the Firm’s reportable business segments and Corporate activities as of or for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, on a managed basis. The Firm’s definition of managed basis starts with the reported U.S. GAAP results and includes certain reclassifications to present total net revenue for the Firm as a whole (and for each of the reportable business segments and Corporate) on an FTE basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities. This allows management to assess the comparability of revenue from year-to-year arising from both taxable and tax-exempt

sources. The corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense/(benefit). These adjustments have no impact on net income as reported by the Firm as a whole or by the each of the LOBs and Corporate.

The Operating Committee reviews segment results including net interest income, noninterest revenue, noninterest expense, provision for credit losses and net income on a managed basis. The Operating Committee uses these measures to evaluate segment performance and to make key operating decisions, including resource and capital allocations.

Segment & Corporate results and reconciliation(a)

(Table continued on next page)
As of or for the year ended December 31, (in millions, except ratios)	Consumer & Community Banking										Commercial & Investment Bank										Asset & Wealth Management
	2024			2023			2022				2024			2023			2022				2024			2023			2022
Noninterest revenue	$	16,649		$	15,118		$	14,886		(e)	$	48,253		$	43,809		$	39,538		(b)	$	15,023		$	13,560		$	12,507
Net interest income	54,858			55,030			39,928				21,861			20,544			20,097				6,555			6,267			5,241
Total net revenue	71,507			70,148			54,814				70,114			64,353			59,635				21,578			19,827			17,748
Provision for credit losses	9,974			6,899			3,813				762			2,091			2,426				(68)			159			128
Compensation expense(b)	17,045			15,171			13,092				18,191			17,105			16,214				7,984			7,115			6,336
Noncompensation expense(c)(d)	20,991			19,648			18,116				17,162			16,867			15,855				6,430			5,665			5,493
Total noninterest expense	38,036			34,819			31,208			(e)	35,353			33,972			32,069			(b)	14,414			12,780			11,829
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)	23,497			28,430			19,793				33,999			28,290			25,140				7,232			6,888			5,791
Income tax expense/(benefit)	5,894			7,198			4,877			(e)	9,153			8,018			6,002			(b)	1,811			1,661			1,426
Net income/(loss)	$	17,603		$	21,232		$	14,916			$	24,846		$	20,272		$	19,138			$	5,421		$	5,227		$	4,365
Average equity	$	54,500		$	54,349		$	50,000			$	132,000		$	137,507		$	128,000			$	15,500		$	16,671		$	17,000
Total assets	650,268			642,951			514,085				1,773,194			1,638,493			1,591,402				255,385			245,512			232,037
Return on equity	32		%	38		%	29		%		18		%	14		%	14		%		34		%	31		%	25		%
Overhead ratio	53			50			57				50			53			54				67			64			67

(Table continued from previous page)
As of or for the year ended December 31, (in millions, except ratios)	Corporate							Reconciling Items(a)						Total
	2024			2023		2022		2024		2023		2022		2024				2023			2022
Noninterest revenue	$	7,608	(f)	$	132	$	(1,798)	$	(2,560)	$	(3,782)	$	(3,148)	$	84,973		(f)	$	68,837		$	61,985
Net interest income	9,786			7,906		1,878		(477)		(480)		(434)		92,583				89,267			66,710
Total net revenue	17,394			8,038		80		(3,037)		(4,262)		(3,582)		177,556				158,104			128,695
Provision for credit losses	10			171		22		—		—		—		10,678				9,320			6,389
Total noninterest expense(d)	3,994		(g)	5,601		1,034		—		—		—		91,797			(g)	87,172			76,140
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)	13,390			2,266		(976)		(3,037)		(4,262)		(3,582)		75,081				61,612			46,166
Income tax expense/(benefit)	2,789			(555)		(233)		(3,037)		(4,262)		(3,582)		16,610				12,060			8,490
Net income/(loss)	$	10,601		$	2,821	$	(743)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	58,471			$	49,552		$	37,676
Average equity	$	110,370		$	73,529	$	58,068	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	312,370			$	282,056		$	253,068
Total assets	1,323,967			1,348,437		1,328,219		NA		NA		NA		4,002,814				3,875,393			3,665,743
Return on equity	NM			NM		NM		NM		NM		NM		18		%		17		%	14		%
Overhead ratio	NM			NM		NM		NM		NM		NM		52				55			59

(a)Segment results on a managed basis reflect revenue on a FTE basis with the corresponding income tax impact recorded within income tax expense/(benefit). These adjustments are eliminated in reconciling items to arrive at the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results. In addition, effective January 1, 2024, the Firm adopted updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures guidance, under the modified retrospective method. Refer to Notes 1, 6, 14 and 25 for additional information.

(b)Excludes expense related to services provided by Corporate support units, which is allocated from Corporate to each respective reportable business segment, as applicable, through noncompensation expense.

(c)Reflects occupancy; technology, communications and equipment; professional and outside services; marketing; and other expense. Refer to Note 6 for additional information on other expense.

(d)Certain services are provided by Corporate and used by each of the reportable business segments. The costs of these services, including compensation-related costs, are allocated from Corporate to the respective reportable business segments, with the allocations recorded in noncompensation expense.

(e)In the first quarter of 2023, the allocations of revenue and expense to CCB associated with a Merchant Services revenue sharing agreement were discontinued and are now retained in Payments in CIB. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.

(f)Included a $7.9 billion net gain related to Visa shares recorded in the second quarter of 2024. Refer to Notes 2 and 6 for additional information.

(g)Included a $1.0 billion contribution of Visa shares to the JPMorgan Chase Foundation recorded in the second quarter of 2024. Refer to Notes 2 and 6 for additional information.