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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Reconciliation of the applicable statutory U.S. income tax rate to the effective tax rate the effective tax rate
The following table presents a reconciliation of the applicable statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to the effective tax rate.
Effective tax rate
Year ended December 31,202220212020
Statutory U.S. federal tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
Increase/(decrease) in tax rate resulting from:
U.S. state and local income taxes, net of U.S. federal income tax benefit
3.5 3.0 2.5 
Tax-exempt income
(0.9)(0.9)(1.6)
Non-U.S. earnings
0.4 0.1 1.4 
Business tax credits
(5.4)(4.2)(5.4)
Other, net
(0.2)(0.1)0.8 
Effective tax rate18.4 %18.9 %18.7 %
Components of income tax expense/(benefit) included in the Consolidated Statements of Income
The following table reflects the components of income tax expense/(benefit) included in the Consolidated statements of income.
Income tax expense/(benefit)
Year ended December 31,
(in millions)
202220212020
Current income tax expense/(benefit)
U.S. federal$5,606 $2,865 $5,759 
Non-U.S.2,992 2,718 2,705 
U.S. state and local2,630 1,897 1,793 
Total current income tax expense/(benefit)
11,228 7,480 10,257 
Deferred income tax expense/(benefit)
U.S. federal(2,004)3,460 (2,776)
Non-U.S.(154)(101)(126)
U.S. state and local(580)389 (671)
Total deferred income tax
expense/(benefit)
(2,738)3,748 (3,573)
Total income tax expense
$8,490 $11,228 $6,684 
U.S. and non-U.S. components of income before income tax expense/(benefit)
The following table presents the U.S. and non-U.S. components of income before income tax expense.
Year ended December 31,
(in millions)
202220212020
U.S.$34,626 $50,126 $27,312 
Non-U.S.(a)
11,540 9,436 8,503 
Income before income tax expense
$46,166 $59,562 $35,815 
(a)For purposes of this table, non-U.S. income is defined as income generated from operations located outside the U.S.
Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected in the following table.

December 31, (in millions)20222021
Deferred tax assets
Allowance for loan losses$5,193 $4,345 
Employee benefits1,342 987 
Accrued expenses and other
8,577 3,955 
Non-U.S. operations1,148 900 
Tax attribute carryforwards365 615 
Gross deferred tax assets16,625 10,802 
Valuation allowance(198)(378)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
$16,427 $10,424 
Deferred tax liabilities
Depreciation and amortization$2,044 $3,289 
Mortgage servicing rights, net of hedges
1,864 2,049 
Leasing transactions2,843 4,227 
Other, net3,801 4,459 
Gross deferred tax liabilities10,552 14,024 
Net deferred tax (liabilities)/assets$5,875 $(3,600)
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits
The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits.
Year ended December 31,
(in millions)
202220212020
Balance at January 1,$4,636 $4,250 $4,024 
Increases based on tax positions related to the current period
1,234 798 685 
Increases based on tax positions related to prior periods
123 393 362 
Decreases based on tax positions related to prior periods
(824)(657)(705)
Decreases related to cash settlements with taxing authorities
(126)(148)(116)
Balance at December 31,$5,043 $4,636 $4,250 
Tax examination status
JPMorgan Chase is continually under examination by the Internal Revenue Service, by taxing authorities throughout the world, and by many state and local jurisdictions throughout the U.S. The following table summarizes the status of significant income tax examinations of JPMorgan Chase and its consolidated subsidiaries as of December 31, 2022.
Periods under examinationStatus
JPMorgan Chase – U.S.
2011 – 2013Field examination of amended returns
JPMorgan Chase – U.S.
2014 - 2018Field examination of original and amended returns
JPMorgan Chase – New York State
2012 - 2014Field Examination
JPMorgan Chase – New York City
2015 - 2017Field Examination
JPMorgan Chase – U.K.
2011 – 2020Field examination of certain select entities