Loans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Receivables [Abstract]

Loan portfolio segment descriptions

The Firm’s loan portfolio is divided into three portfolio segments, which are the same segments used by the Firm to determine the allowance for loan losses: Consumer, excluding credit card; Credit card; and Wholesale. Within each portfolio segment the Firm monitors and assesses the credit risk in the following classes of loans, based on the risk characteristics of each loan class.

Consumer, excluding credit card	Credit card	Wholesale(c)(d)
• Residential real estate(a) • Auto and other(b)	• Credit card loans	• Secured by real estate • Commercial and industrial • Other(e)

(a)Includes scored mortgage and home equity loans held in CCB and AWM, and scored mortgage loans held in CIB and Corporate.

(b)Includes scored auto and business banking loans and overdrafts.

(c)Includes loans held in CIB, CB, AWM, Corporate, as well as risk-rated BWM and auto dealer loans held in CCB, for which the wholesale methodology is applied when determining the allowance for loan losses.

(d)The wholesale portfolio segment's classes align with loan classifications as defined by the bank regulatory agencies, based on the loan's collateral, purpose, and type of borrower.

(e)Includes loans to financial institutions, states and political subdivisions, SPEs, nonprofits, personal investment companies and trusts, as well as loans to individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB). Refer to Note 14 for more information on SPEs.

Schedule of loans by portfolio segment

The following tables summarize the Firm’s loan balances by portfolio segment.

December 31, 2022	Consumer, excluding credit card			Credit card			Wholesale			Total(a)(b)
(in millions)
Retained		$	300,753		$	185,175		$	603,670		$	1,089,598
Held-for-sale		618			—			3,352			3,970
At fair value		10,004			—			32,075			42,079
Total		$	311,375		$	185,175		$	639,097		$	1,135,647
December 31, 2021	Consumer, excluding credit card				Credit card			Wholesale			Total(a)(b)
(in millions)
Retained		$	295,556		$	154,296		$	560,354		$	1,010,206
Held-for-sale		1,287			—			7,401			8,688
At fair value		26,463			—			32,357			58,820
Total		$	323,306		$	154,296		$	600,112		$	1,077,714

(a)Excludes $5.2 billion and $2.7 billion of accrued interest receivable at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Firm wrote off accrued interest receivable of $39 million and $56 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(b)Loans (other than those for which the fair value option has been elected) are presented net of unamortized discounts and premiums and net deferred loan     fees or costs. These amounts were not material as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

The following table provides information about retained consumer loans, excluding credit card, by class.

December 31, (in millions)	2022		2021
Residential real estate	$	237,561	$	224,795
Auto and other(a)	63,192		70,761
Total retained loans	$	300,753	$	295,556

(a)At December 31, 2022 and 2021, included $350 million and $5.4 billion of loans, respectively, in Business Banking under the PPP.

Schedule of retained loans purchased, sold and reclassified to held-for-sale

The following tables provide information about the carrying value of retained loans purchased, sold and reclassified to held-for-sale during the periods indicated. Loans that were reclassified to held-for-sale and sold in a subsequent period are excluded from the sales line of this table.

		2022
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card				Credit card			Wholesale			Total
Purchases		$	1,625	(b)(c)		$	—		$	1,088		$	2,713
Sales		2,884				—			41,934			44,818
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)		229				—			1,055			1,284

		2021
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card				Credit card			Wholesale			Total
Purchases		$	515	(b)(c)		$	—		$	1,122		$	1,637
Sales		799				—			31,022			31,821
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)		1,225				—			2,178			3,403

		2020
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card				Credit card			Wholesale			Total
Purchases		$	3,474	(b)(c)		$	—		$	1,159		$	4,633
Sales		352				—			17,916			18,268
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)		2,084				787			1,580			4,451

(a)Reclassifications of loans to held-for-sale are non-cash transactions.

(b)Predominantly includes purchases of residential real estate loans, including the Firm’s voluntary repurchases of certain delinquent loans from loan pools as permitted by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) guidelines for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. The Firm typically elects to repurchase these delinquent loans as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with applicable requirements of Ginnie Mae, FHA, RHS, and/or VA.

(c)Excludes purchases of retained loans of $12.4 billion, $25.8 billion and $16.3 billion for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which are predominantly sourced through the correspondent origination channel and underwritten in accordance with the Firm’s standards.

The amount of purchases of retained loans at December 31, 2020 has been revised to conform with the current presentation.

Schedule of financing receivable credit quality indicators

The following tables provide information on delinquency, which is the primary credit quality indicator for retained residential real estate loans.

(in millions, except ratios)	December 31, 2022
	Term loans by origination year(d)																		Revolving loans						Total
	2022			2021			2020			2019			2018			Prior to 2018			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency(a)(b)
Current	$	39,934		$	66,072		$	43,315		$	15,397		$	6,339		$	49,632		$	5,589		$	9,685		$	235,963
30–149 days past due	29			11			14			20			20			597			15			208			914
150 or more days past due	1			1			6			10			7			480			4			175			684
Total retained loans	$	39,964		$	66,084		$	43,335		$	15,427		$	6,366		$	50,709		$	5,608		$	10,068		$	237,561
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(c)	0.08		%	0.02		%	0.05		%	0.19		%	0.42		%	2.07		%	0.34		%	3.80		%	0.66		%

(in millions, except ratios)	December 31, 2021
	Term loans by origination year(d)																		Revolving loans						Total
	2021			2020			2019			2018			2017			Prior to 2017			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency(a)(b)
Current	$	68,742		$	48,334		$	18,428		$	7,929		$	11,684		$	49,147		$	6,392		$	11,807		$	222,463
30–149 days past due	13			23			27			27			22			578			11			182			883
150 or more days past due	—			11			21			25			33			1,069			6			284			1,449
Total retained loans	$	68,755		$	48,368		$	18,476		$	7,981		$	11,739		$	50,794		$	6,409		$	12,273		$	224,795
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(c)	0.02		%	0.07		%	0.26		%	0.65		%	0.47		%	3.18		%	0.27		%	3.80		%	1.02		%

(a)Individual delinquency classifications include mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

(b)At December 31, 2022 and 2021, loans under payment deferral programs offered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic which are still within their deferral period and performing according to their modified terms are generally not considered delinquent.

(c)Excludes mortgage loans that are 30 or more days past due insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at December 31, 2022 and 2021. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.

(d)Purchased loans are included in the year in which they were originated.

The following table provides information on nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators for retained residential real estate loans.

(in millions, except weighted-average data)	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)	$	3,745		$	4,759
Current estimated LTV ratios(f)(g)(h)
Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	$	2		$	2
Less than 660	—			2
101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	174			37
Less than 660	6			15
80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	12,034			2,701
Less than 660	184			89
Less than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	215,096			209,295
Less than 660	8,659			9,658
No FICO/LTV available	1,360			2,930
U.S. government-guaranteed	46			66
Total retained loans	$	237,561		$	224,795
Weighted average LTV ratio(f)(i)	51		%	50		%
Weighted average FICO(g)(i)	769			765
Geographic region(j)
California	$	73,111		$	71,383
New York	34,469			32,545
Florida	18,868			16,182
Texas	14,961			13,865
Illinois	11,293			11,565
Colorado	9,968			8,885
Washington	9,059			8,292
New Jersey	7,106			6,832
Massachusetts	6,379			6,105
Connecticut	5,432			5,242
All other	46,915			43,899
Total retained loans	$	237,561		$	224,795

(a)Includes collateral-dependent residential real estate loans that are charged down to the fair value of the underlying collateral less costs to sell. The Firm reports, in accordance with regulatory guidance, residential real estate loans that have been discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower (“Chapter 7 loans”) as collateral-dependent nonaccrual TDRs, regardless of their delinquency status. At December 31, 2022, approximately 5% of Chapter 7 residential real estate loans were 30 days or more past due.

(b)Nonaccrual loans exclude mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

(c)Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.

(d)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was $175 million and $172 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(e)Generally excludes loans under payment deferral programs offered in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

(f)Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models using nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. Current estimated combined LTV for junior lien home equity loans considers all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property.

(g)Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm on at least a quarterly basis.

(h)Includes residential real estate loans, primarily held in LLCs in AWM that did not have a refreshed FICO score. These loans have been included in a FICO band based on management’s estimation of the borrower’s credit quality.

(i)Excludes loans with no FICO and/or LTV data available.

(j)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at December 31, 2022.

The following tables provide information on delinquency, which is the primary credit quality indicator for retained auto and other consumer loans.

	December 31, 2022
(in millions, except ratios)	Term loans by origination year																		Revolving loans
	2022			2021			2020			2019			2018			Prior to 2018			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current	$	22,187		$	20,212	(b)	$	11,401	(b)	$	3,991		$	1,467		$	578		$	2,342		$	118		$	62,296
30–119 days past due	263			308			100			68			33			17			12			10			811
120 or more days past due	—			53			24			—			—			1			2			5			85
Total retained loans	$	22,450		$	20,573		$	11,525		$	4,059		$	1,500		$	596		$	2,356		$	133		$	63,192
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(a)	1.17		%	1.15		%	0.83		%	1.68		%	2.20		%	3.02		%	0.59		%	11.28		%	1.18		%

	December 31, 2021
(in millions, except ratios)	Term loans by origination year																		Revolving loans
	2021			2020			2019			2018			2017			Prior to 2017			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current	$	35,323	(c)	$	18,324	(c)	$	7,443		$	3,671		$	1,800		$	666		$	2,242		$	120		$	69,589
30–119 days past due	192			720			88			53			31			21			12			6			1,123
120 or more days past due	—			35			—			—			1			1			5			7			49
Total retained loans	$	35,515		$	19,079		$	7,531		$	3,724		$	1,832		$	688		$	2,259		$	133		$	70,761
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(a)	0.54		%	0.47		%	1.17		%	1.42		%	1.75		%	3.20		%	0.75		%	9.77		%	0.71		%	(d)

(a)At December 31, 2022 and 2021, auto and other loans excluded $153 million and $667 million, respectively, of PPP loans guaranteed by the SBA that are 30 or more days past due. These amounts have been excluded based upon the SBA guarantee.

(b)Includes $252 million of loans originated in 2021 and $98 million of loans originated in 2020 in Business Banking under the PPP. PPP loans are guaranteed by the SBA. Other than in certain limited circumstances, the Firm typically does not recognize charge-offs, classify as nonaccrual nor record an allowance for loan losses on these loans.

(c)Includes $4.4 billion of loans originated in 2021 and $1.0 billion of loans originated in 2020 in Business Banking under the PPP.

(d)Prior-period amount has been revised to conform with the current presentation.

The following table provides information on nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators for retained auto and other consumer loans.

(in millions)	Total Auto and other
	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)(c)	$	129	$	119
Geographic region(d)
California	$	9,689	$	11,163
Texas	7,216		7,859
Florida	4,847		4,901
New York	4,345		5,848
Illinois	2,839		2,930
New Jersey	2,219		2,355
Pennsylvania	1,822		2,004
Georgia	1,708		1,748
Ohio	1,603		1,843
Louisiana	1,576		1,801
All other	25,328		28,309
Total retained loans	$	63,192	$	70,761

(a)At December 31, 2022 and 2021, nonaccrual loans excluded $101 million and $506 million, respectively, of PPP loans 90 or more days past due and guaranteed by the SBA, of which $76 million and $35 million, respectively, were no longer accruing interest based on the guidelines set by the SBA. Typically the principal balance of the loans is insured and interest is guaranteed at a specified reimbursement rate subject to meeting the guidelines set by the SBA. There were no loans that were not guaranteed by the SBA that are 90 or more days past due and still accruing interest at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

(b)Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.

(c)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was not material for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

(d)The geographic regions presented in this table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at December 31, 2022.

The following tables provide information on delinquency, which is the primary credit quality indicator for retained credit card loans.

(in millions, except ratios)	December 31, 2022
	Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans(a)			Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	181,793		$	696		$	182,489
30–89 days past due and still accruing	1,356			64			1,420
90 or more days past due and still accruing	1,230			36			1,266
Total retained loans	$	184,379		$	796		$	185,175
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	1.40		%	12.56		%	1.45		%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans	0.67			4.52			0.68

(in millions, except ratios)	December 31, 2021
	Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans(a)			Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	151,798		$	901		$	152,699
30–89 days past due and still accruing	770			59			829
90 or more days past due and still accruing	741			27			768
Total retained loans	$	153,309		$	987		$	154,296
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	0.99		%	8.71		%	1.04		%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans	0.48			2.74			0.50

(a)Represents TDRs.

The following table provides information on other credit quality indicators for retained credit card loans.

(in millions, except ratios)	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
Geographic region(a)
California	$	28,154		$	23,030
Texas	19,171			15,879
New York	15,046			12,652
Florida	12,905			10,412
Illinois	10,089			8,530
New Jersey	7,643			6,367
Ohio	5,792			4,923
Pennsylvania	5,517			4,708
Colorado	5,493			4,573
Arizona	4,487			3,668
All other	70,878			59,554
Total retained loans	$	185,175		$	154,296
Percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores
Equal to or greater than 660	86.8		%	88.5		%
Less than 660	13.0			11.3
No FICO available	0.2			0.2

(a)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at December 31, 2022.

The following tables provide information on internal risk rating, which is the primary credit quality indicator for retained wholesale loans.

December 31, (in millions, except ratios)	Secured by real estate						Commercial and industrial						Other(b)						Total retained loans
	2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	99,552		$	92,369		$	76,275		$	75,783		$	249,585		$	241,859		$	425,412		$	410,011
Noninvestment- grade:
Noncriticized	23,272			22,495			81,393			62,039			57,888			52,440			162,553			136,974
Criticized performing	3,662			3,645			8,974			6,900			1,106			770			13,742			11,315
Criticized nonaccrual(a)	246			326			1,018			969			699			759			1,963			2,054
Total noninvestment- grade	27,180			26,466			91,385			69,908			59,693			53,969			178,258			150,343
Total retained loans	$	126,732		$	118,835		$	167,660		$	145,691		$	309,278		$	295,828		$	603,670		$	560,354
% of investment-grade to total retained loans	78.55		%	77.73		%	45.49		%	52.02		%	80.70		%	81.76		%	70.47		%	73.17		%
% of total criticized to total retained loans	3.08			3.34			5.96			5.40			0.58			0.52			2.60			2.39
% of criticized nonaccrual to total retained loans	0.19			0.27			0.61			0.67			0.23			0.26			0.33			0.37

(a)At December 31, 2021 nonaccrual loans excluded $127 million of PPP loans 90 or more days past due and guaranteed by the SBA, predominantly in commercial and industrial. At December 31, 2022 the amount excluded was not material.

(b)Includes loans to financial institutions, states and political subdivisions, SPEs, nonprofits, personal investment companies and trusts, as well as loans to individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB). Refer to Note 14 for more information on SPEs.

	Secured by real estate
(in millions)	December 31, 2022
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior to 2018		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	24,134	$	22,407	$	14,773	$	14,666	$	5,277	$	17,289	$	1,006	$	—	$	99,552
Noninvestment-grade	6,072		5,602		3,032		3,498		2,395		5,659		920		2		27,180
Total retained loans	$	30,206	$	28,009	$	17,805	$	18,164	$	7,672	$	22,948	$	1,926	$	2	$	126,732

	Secured by real estate
(in millions)	December 31, 2021
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior to 2017		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	23,346	$	16,030	$	17,265	$	8,103	$	7,325	$	19,066	$	1,226	$	8	$	92,369
Noninvestment-grade	5,364		3,826		4,564		3,806		2,834		5,613		458		1		26,466
Total retained loans	$	28,710	$	19,856	$	21,829	$	11,909	$	10,159	$	24,679	$	1,684	$	9	$	118,835

	Commercial and industrial
(in millions)	December 31, 2022
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior to 2018		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	21,072	$	8,338	$	3,045	$	1,995	$	748	$	989	$	40,087	$	1	$	76,275	(a)
Noninvestment-grade	24,088		12,444		3,459		2,506		525		1,014		47,267		82		91,385
Total retained loans	$	45,160	$	20,782	$	6,504	$	4,501	$	1,273	$	2,003	$	87,354	$	83	$	167,660

	Commercial and industrial
(in millions)	December 31, 2021
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior to 2017		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	21,342	$	6,268	$	3,609	$	1,269	$	1,108	$	819	$	41,367	$	1	$	75,783	(b)
Noninvestment-grade	19,314		7,112		4,559		2,177		930		430		35,312		74		69,908
Total retained loans	$	40,656	$	13,380	$	8,168	$	3,446	$	2,038	$	1,249	$	76,679	$	75	$	145,691

(a)At December 31, 2022, $139 million of the $140 million total PPP loans in the wholesale portfolio were commercial and industrial. Of the $139 million, $58 million were originated in 2021, and $81 million were originated in 2020. PPP loans are guaranteed by the SBA and considered investment-grade. Other than in certain limited circumstances, the Firm typically does not recognize charge-offs, classify as nonaccrual nor record an allowance for loan losses on these loans.

(b)At December 31, 2021, $1.1 billion of the $1.3 billion total PPP loans in the wholesale portfolio were commercial and industrial. Of the $1.1 billion, $698 million were originated in 2021 and $396 million were originated in 2020.

	Other(a)
(in millions)	December 31, 2022
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior to 2018		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	32,121	$	15,864	$	13,015	$	4,529	$	2,159	$	7,251	$	171,049	$	3,597	$	249,585
Noninvestment-grade	16,829		7,096		1,821		699		451		475		32,240		82		59,693
Total retained loans	$	48,950	$	22,960	$	14,836	$	5,228	$	2,610	$	7,726	$	203,289	$	3,679	$	309,278

	Other(a)
(in millions)	December 31, 2021
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior to 2017		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	26,782	$	17,829	$	6,125	$	2,885	$	3,868	$	7,651	$	176,118	$	601	$	241,859
Noninvestment-grade	16,905		2,399		1,455		935		218		467		31,585		5		53,969
Total retained loans	$	43,687	$	20,228	$	7,580	$	3,820	$	4,086	$	8,118	$	207,703	$	606	$	295,828

(a)Includes loans to financial institutions, states and political subdivisions, SPEs, nonprofits, personal investment companies and trusts, as well as loans to individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB). Refer to Note 14 for more information on SPEs.

The following table presents additional information on retained loans secured by real estate within the Wholesale portfolio, which consists of loans secured wholly or substantially by a lien or liens on real property at origination. Multifamily lending includes financing for acquisition, leasing and construction of apartment buildings. Other commercial lending largely includes financing for acquisition, leasing and construction, largely for office, retail and industrial real estate. Included in secured by real estate loans is $6.4 billion and $5.7 billion as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, of construction and development loans made to finance land development and on-site construction of commercial, industrial, residential, or farm buildings.

December 31, (in millions, except ratios)	Multifamily						Other Commercial						Total retained loans secured by real estate
	2022			2021			2022			2021			2022			2021
Retained loans secured by real estate	$	79,139		$	73,801		$	47,593		$	45,034		$	126,732		$	118,835
Criticized	1,916			1,671			1,992			2,300			3,908			3,971
% of criticized to total retained loans secured by real estate	2.42		%	2.26		%	4.19		%	5.11		%	3.08		%	3.34		%
Criticized nonaccrual	$	51		$	91		$	195		$	235		$	246		$	326
% of criticized nonaccrual loans to total retained loans secured by real estate	0.06		%	0.12		%	0.41		%	0.52		%	0.19		%	0.27		%

Geographic distribution and delinquency

The following table provides information on the geographic distribution and delinquency for retained wholesale loans.

	Secured by real estate				Commercial  and industrial				Other				Total  retained loans
December 31, (in millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021		2022		2021		2022		2021
Loans by geographic distribution(a)
Total U.S.	$	123,740	$	115,732	$	125,324	$	106,449	$	230,525	$	215,750	$	479,589	$	437,931
Total non-U.S.	2,992		3,103		42,336		39,242		78,753		80,078		124,081		122,423
Total retained loans	$	126,732	$	118,835	$	167,660	$	145,691	$	309,278	$	295,828	$	603,670	$	560,354
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	126,083	$	118,163	$	165,415	$	143,459	$	307,511	$	293,358	$	599,009	$	554,980
30–89 days past due and still accruing	402		331		1,127		1,193		1,015		1,590		2,544		3,114
90 or more days past due and still accruing(b)	1		15		100		70		53		121		154		206
Criticized nonaccrual(c)	246		326		1,018		969		699		759		1,963		2,054
Total retained loans	$	126,732	$	118,835	$	167,660	$	145,691	$	309,278	$	295,828	$	603,670	$	560,354

(a)The U.S. and non-U.S. distribution is determined based predominantly on the domicile of the borrower.

(b)Represents loans that are considered well-collateralized and therefore still accruing interest.

(c)At December 31, 2021 nonaccrual loans excluded $127 million of PPP loans 90 or more days past due and guaranteed by the SBA, predominantly in commercial and industrial. At December 31, 2022 the amount excluded was not material.

Troubled debt restructuring on financing receivables nature and extent of modifications

The following table provides information about how residential real estate loans were modified in TDRs under the Firm’s loss mitigation programs described above during the periods presented. This table excludes Chapter 7 loans where the sole concession granted is the discharge of debt and loans with short-term or other insignificant modifications that are not considered concessions.

Year ended December 31,	2022		2021		2020
Number of loans approved for a trial modification	3,902		6,246		5,522
Number of loans permanently modified	4,182		4,588		6,850
Concession granted:(a)
Interest rate reduction	54	%	74	%	50	%
Term or payment extension	67		53		49
Principal and/or interest deferred	10		23		14
Principal forgiveness	1		2		2
Other(b)	37		36		66

(a)Represents concessions granted in permanent modifications as a percentage of the number of loans permanently modified. The sum of the percentages exceeds 100% because predominantly all of the modifications include more than one type of concession. Concessions offered on trial modifications are generally consistent with those granted on permanent modifications.

(b)Includes variable interest rate to fixed interest rate modifications and payment delays that meet the definition of a TDR.

Troubled debt restructuring on financing receivables, financial effects of modifications and re-defaults

The following table provides information about the financial effects of the various concessions granted in modifications of residential real estate loans under the loss mitigation programs described above and about redefaults of certain loans modified in TDRs for the periods presented. The following table presents only the financial effects of permanent modifications and do not include temporary concessions offered through trial modifications. This table also excludes Chapter 7 loans where the sole concession granted is the discharge of debt and loans with short-term or other insignificant modifications that are not considered concessions.

Year ended December 31, (in millions, except weighted - average data)	2022			2021			2020
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – before TDR	4.75		%	4.54		%	5.09		%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – after TDR	3.35			2.92			3.28
Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – before TDR	22			23			22
Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – after TDR	38			38			39
Charge-offs recognized upon permanent modification	$	1		$	—		$	5
Principal deferred	16			28			16
Principal forgiven	2			1			5
Balance of loans that redefaulted within one year of permanent modification(a)	$	147		$	160		$	199

(a)Represents loans permanently modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default in the periods presented, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification. The dollar amounts presented represent the balance of such loans at the end of the reporting period in which such loans defaulted. For residential real estate loans modified in TDRs, payment default is deemed to occur when the loan becomes two contractual payments past due. In the event that a modified loan redefaults, it will generally be liquidated through foreclosure or another similar type of liquidation transaction. Redefaults of loans modified within the last twelve months may not be representative of ultimate redefault levels.

The following table provides information about the financial effects of the concessions granted on credit card loans modified in TDRs and redefaults for the periods presented. For all periods disclosed, new enrollments were less than 1% of total retained credit card loans.

Year ended December 31, (in millions, except weighted-average data)	2022			2021			2020
Balance of new TDRs(a)	$	418		$	393		$	818
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – before TDR	19.86		%	17.75		%	18.04		%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – after TDR	4.13			5.14			4.64
Balance of loans that redefaulted within one year of modification(b)	$	34		$	57		$	110

(a)Represents the outstanding balance prior to modification.

(b)Represents loans modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default in the periods presented, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification. The amounts presented represent the balance of such loans as of the end of the quarter in which they defaulted.

Schedule of nonaccrual loans

The following table provides information on retained wholesale nonaccrual loans.

December 31, (in millions)	Secured by real estate				Commercial and industrial				Other				Total retained loans
	2022		2021		2022		2021		2022		2021		2022		2021
Nonaccrual loans
With an allowance	$	172	$	254	$	686	$	604	$	487	$	286	$	1,345	$	1,144
Without an allowance(a)	74		72		332		365		212		473		618		910
Total nonaccrual loans(b)	$	246	$	326	$	1,018	$	969	$	699	$	759	$	1,963	$	2,054

(a)When the discounted cash flows or collateral value equals or exceeds the amortized cost of the loan, the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the loans have been partially charged off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.

(b)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis were not material for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.