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Noninterest Revenue and Noninterest Expense
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Noninterest Income (Expense) [Abstract]  
Noninterest Revenue and Noninterest Expense Noninterest revenue and noninterest expense
Noninterest revenue
Refer to Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2021 Form 10-K for a discussion of the components of and accounting policies for the Firm’s noninterest revenue.
Investment banking fees
The following table presents the components of investment banking fees.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)20222021
Underwriting
Equity$242 $1,062 
Debt974 1,221 
Total underwriting1,216 2,283 
Advisory792 687 
Total investment banking fees
$2,008 $2,970 
Principal transactions
The following table presents all realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded in principal transactions revenue. This table excludes interest income and interest expense on trading assets and liabilities, which are an integral part of the overall performance of the Firm’s client-driven market-making activities in CIB and fund deployment activities in Treasury and CIO. Refer to Note 6 for further information on interest income and interest expense.
Trading revenue is presented primarily by instrument type. The Firm’s client-driven market-making businesses generally utilize a variety of instrument types in connection with their market-making and related risk-management activities; accordingly, the trading revenue presented in the table below is not representative of the total revenue of any individual LOB.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)20222021
Trading revenue by instrument type
Interest rate(a)
$469 $923 

Credit(b)
457 1,270 
Foreign exchange1,324 998 
Equity2,255 2,657 
Commodity747 549 
Total trading revenue5,252 6,397 
Private equity gains/(losses)
(147)103 
Principal transactions
$5,105 $6,500 
(a)Includes the impact of changes in funding valuation adjustments on derivatives.
(b)Includes the impact of changes in credit valuation adjustments on derivatives, net of the associated hedging activities.
Lending- and deposit-related fees
The following table presents the components of lending- and deposit-related fees.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)20222021
Lending-related fees$362 $358 
Deposit-related fees1,477 1,329 
Total lending- and deposit-related fees
$1,839 $1,687 
Asset management, administration and commissions
The following table presents the components of asset management, administration and commissions.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)20222021
Asset management fees
Investment management fees(a)
$3,562 $3,257 
All other asset management fees(b)
90 94 
Total asset management fees
3,652 3,351 
Total administration fees(c)
633 633 
Commissions and other fees
Brokerage commissions(d)
810 800 
All other commissions and fees267 245 
Total commissions and fees
1,077 1,045 
Total asset management, administration and commissions
$5,362 $5,029 
(a)Represents fees earned from managing assets on behalf of the Firm’s clients, including investors in Firm-sponsored funds and owners of separately managed investment accounts.
(b)Represents fees for services that are ancillary to investment management services, such as commissions earned on the sales or distribution of mutual funds to clients.
(c)Predominantly includes fees for custody, securities lending, funds services and securities clearance.
(d)Represents commissions earned when the Firm acts as a broker, by facilitating its clients’ purchases and sales of securities and other financial instruments.
Card income
The following table presents the components of card income.
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)20222021
Interchange and merchant processing income
$6,235 $4,868 
Rewards costs and partner payments(4,870)(3,534)
Other card income(a)
(390)16 
Total card income
$975 $1,350 
(a)Predominantly represents the amortization of account origination costs and annual fees.
Refer to Note 14 for further information on mortgage fees and related income.
Refer to Note 16 for information on operating lease income included within other income.
Noninterest expense
Other expense
Other expense on the Firm’s Consolidated statements of income includes the following:
Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)20222021
Legal expense$119 $28