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Variable Interest Entities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Variable Interest Entities [Abstract]

Schedule of significant types of variable interest entities by business segment

The following table summarizes the most significant types of Firm-sponsored VIEs by business segment. The Firm considers a “sponsored” VIE to include any entity where: (1) JPMorgan Chase is the primary beneficiary of the structure; (2) the VIE is used by JPMorgan Chase to securitize Firm assets; (3) the VIE issues financial instruments with the JPMorgan Chase name; or (4) the entity is a JPMorgan Chase–administered asset-backed commercial paper conduit.


Line of Business	Transaction Type	Activity	2020 Form 10-K page references
CCB	Credit card securitization trusts	Securitization of originated credit card receivables	253-254
	Mortgage securitization trusts	Servicing and securitization of both originated and purchased residential mortgages	254-256
CIB	Mortgage and other securitization trusts	Securitization of both originated and purchased residential and commercial mortgages, and other consumer loans	254-256
	Multi-seller conduits	Assist clients in accessing the financial markets in a cost-efficient manner and structures transactions to meet investor needs	256
	Municipal bond vehicles	Financing of municipal bond investments	256-257

Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts

The following table presents the total unpaid principal amount of assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, including those in which the Firm has continuing involvement, and those that are consolidated by the Firm. Continuing involvement includes servicing the loans, holding senior interests or subordinated interests (including amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules), recourse or guarantee arrangements, and derivative contracts. In certain instances, the Firm’s only continuing involvement is servicing the loans. The Firm’s maximum loss exposure from retained and purchased interests is the carrying value of these interests. Refer to Securitization activity on page 259 of this Note for further information regarding the Firm’s cash flows associated with and interests retained in nonconsolidated VIEs, and pages 259-260 of this Note for information on the Firm’s loan sales and securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies.


	Principal amount outstanding						JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
December 31, 2020 (in millions)	Total assets held by securitization VIEs		Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs		Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement		Trading assets		Investment securities		Other financial assets		Total interests held by JPMorgan Chase
Securitization-related(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs	$	49,644	$	1,693	$	41,265	$	574	$	724	$	—	$	1,298
Subprime	12,896		46		12,154		9		—		—		9
Commercial and other(b)	119,732		—		92,351		955		1,549		262		2,766
Total	$	182,272	$	1,739	$	145,770	$	1,538	$	2,273	$	262	$	4,073


	Principal amount outstanding						JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
December 31, 2019 (in millions)	Total assets held by securitization VIEs		Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs		Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement		Trading assets		Investment securities		Other financial assets		Total interests held by JPMorgan Chase
Securitization-related(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs	$	60,348	$	2,796	$	48,734	$	535	$	625	$	—	$	1,160
Subprime	14,661		—		13,490		7		—		—		7
Commercial and other(b)	111,903		—		80,878		785		773		241		1,799
Total	$	186,912	$	2,796	$	143,102	$	1,327	$	1,398	$	241	$	2,966

(a)Excludes U.S. GSEs and government agency securitizations and re-securitizations, which are not Firm-sponsored. Refer to pages 259-260 of this Note for information on the Firm’s loan sales and securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies.

(b)Consists of securities backed by commercial real estate loans and non-mortgage-related consumer receivables purchased from third parties.

(c)Excludes the following: retained servicing (refer to Note 15 for a discussion of MSRs); securities retained from loan sales and securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies; interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives primarily used to manage interest rate and foreign exchange risks of securitization entities (refer to Note 5 for further information on derivatives); senior and subordinated securities of $105 million and $40 million, respectively, at December 31, 2020, and $106 million and $94 million, respectively, at December 31, 2019, which the Firm purchased in connection with CIB’s secondary market-making activities.

(d)Includes interests held in re-securitization transactions.

(e)As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, 73% and 63%, respectively, of the Firm’s retained securitization interests, which are predominantly carried at fair value and include amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules, were risk-rated “A” or better, on an S&P-equivalent basis. The retained interests in prime residential mortgages consisted of $1.3 billion and $1.1 billion of investment-grade retained interests, and $41 million and $72 million of noninvestment-grade retained interests at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The retained interests in commercial and other securitization trusts consisted of $2.0 billion and $1.2 billion of investment-grade retained interests, and $753 million and $575 million of noninvestment-grade retained interests at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Schedule of re-securitizations

The following table presents the principal amount of securities transferred to re-securitization VIEs.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2020		2019		2018
Transfers of securities to VIEs
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	$	46,123	$	25,852	$	15,532

The following table presents information on the Firm's interests in nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs.


	Nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs
December 31, (in millions)	2020		2019
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
Interest in VIEs	$	2,631	$	2,928

Information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm

The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs consolidated by the Firm as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.


	Assets								Liabilities
December 31, 2020 (in millions)	Trading assets		Loans		Other(b)		Total assets(c)		Beneficial interests in VIE assets(d)		Other(e)		Total liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts	$	—	$	11,962	$	148	$	12,110	$	4,943	$	3	$	4,946
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits	2		23,787		188		23,977		10,523		33		10,556
Municipal bond vehicles	1,930		—		2		1,932		1,902		—		1,902
Mortgage securitization entities(a)	—		1,694		94		1,788		210		108		318
Other	2		176		249		427		—		89		89
Total	$	1,934	$	37,619	$	681	$	40,234	$	17,578	$	233	$	17,811

	Assets								Liabilities
December 31, 2019 (in millions)	Trading assets		Loans		Other(b)		Total assets(c)		Beneficial interests in VIE assets(d)		Other(e)		Total liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts	$	—	$	14,986	$	266	$	15,252	$	6,461	$	6	$	6,467
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits	1		25,183		355		25,539		9,223		36		9,259
Municipal bond vehicles	1,903		—		4		1,907		1,881		3		1,884
Mortgage securitization entities(a)	66		2,762		64		2,892		276		130		406
Other	663		—		192		855		—		272		272
Total	$	2,633	$	42,931	$	881	$	46,445	$	17,841	$	447	$	18,288

(a)Includes residential and commercial mortgage securitizations.

(b)Includes assets classified as cash and other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets.

(c)The assets of the consolidated VIEs included in the program types above are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The assets and liabilities include third-party assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation.

(d)The interest-bearing beneficial interest liabilities issued by consolidated VIEs are classified in the line item on the Consolidated balance sheets titled, “Beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities.” The holders of these beneficial interests generally do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase. Included in beneficial interests in VIE assets are long-term beneficial interests of $5.2 billion and $6.7 billion at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Refer to Note 20 for additional information on interest-bearing long-term beneficial interests.

(e)Includes liabilities classified as accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.

Securitization activities

The following table provides information related to the Firm’s securitization activities for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, related to assets held in Firm-sponsored securitization entities that were not consolidated by the Firm, and where sale accounting was achieved at the time of the securitization.


	2020				2019				2018
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Residential mortgage(d)		Commercial and other(e)		Residential mortgage(d)		Commercial and other(e)		Residential mortgage(d)		Commercial and other(e)
Principal securitized	$	7,103	$	6,624	$	9,957	$	9,390	$	6,431	$	10,159
All cash flows during the period:(a)
Proceeds received from loan sales as financial instruments(b)(c)	$	7,321	$	6,865	$	10,238	$	9,544	$	6,449	$	10,218
Servicing fees collected	211		1		287		2		319		2
Cash flows received on interests	801		239		507		237		411		301

(a)Excludes re-securitization transactions.

(b)Predominantly includes Level 2 assets.

(c)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.

(d)Represents prime mortgages. Excludes loan securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies.

(e)Includes commercial mortgage and other consumer loans.

Key assumptions used to value retained interests originated during the year are shown in the table below.


Year ended December 31,	2020		2019		2018
Residential mortgage retained interest:
Weighted-average life (in years)	4.7		4.8		7.6
Weighted-average discount rate	8.2	%	7.4	%	3.6	%
Commercial mortgage retained interest:
Weighted-average life (in years)	6.9		6.4		5.3
Weighted-average discount rate	3.0	%	4.1	%	4.0	%

Summary of loan sale activities

The following table summarizes the activities related to loans sold to the U.S. GSEs, and loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2020		2019		2018
Carrying value of loans sold	$	81,153	$	92,349	$	44,609
Proceeds received from loan sales as cash	$	45	$	73	$	9
Proceeds from loan sales as securities(a)(b)	80,186		91,422		43,671
Total proceeds received from loan sales(c)	$	80,231	$	91,495	$	43,680
Gains/(losses) on loan sales(d)(e)	$	6	$	499	$	(93)

(a)Includes securities from U.S. GSEs and Ginnie Mae that are generally sold shortly after receipt or retained as part of the Firm’s investment securities portfolio.

(b)Included in level 2 assets.

(c)Excludes the value of MSRs retained upon the sale of loans.

(d)Gains/(losses) on loan sales include the value of MSRs.

(e)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.

Schedule of loans repurchased and options to repurchase delinquent loans

The following table presents loans the Firm repurchased or had an option to repurchase, real estate owned, and foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans recognized on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. Substantially all of these loans and real estate are insured or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.


December 31, (in millions)	2020		2019
Loans repurchased or option to repurchase(a)	$	1,413	$	2,941
Real estate owned	9		41
Foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans(b)	64		198

(a)Predominantly all of these amounts relate to loans that have been repurchased from Ginnie Mae loan pools.

(b)Relates to voluntary repurchases of loans, which are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable.

Information about delinquencies, net charge-offs, and components of off-balance sheet securitized financial assets

The table below includes information about components of and delinquencies related to nonconsolidated securitized financial assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, in which the Firm has continuing involvement as of December 31, 2020 and 2019.


	Securitized assets				90 days past due				Net liquidation losses
As of or for the year ended December 31, (in millions)	2020		2019		2020		2019		2020		2019
Securitized loans
Residential mortgage:
Prime/ Alt-A & option ARMs	$	41,265	$	48,734	$	4,988	$	2,449	$	212	$	579
Subprime	12,154		13,490		2,406		1,813		179		532
Commercial and other	92,351		80,878		5,958		187		30		445
Total loans securitized	$	145,770	$	143,102	$	13,352	$	4,449	$	421	$	1,556

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether a variable interest (as defined) held by the entity requires the variable interest entity (VIE) (as defined) to be consolidated and (or) disclose information about its involvement with the VIE, individually or in aggregate (as applicable); the nature of restrictions, if any, on the consolidated VIE's assets and on the settlement of its liabilities reported by an entity in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets and liabilities; the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with involvement in the VIE; how involvement with the VIE affects the entity's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; the lack of recourse if creditors (or beneficial interest holders) of the consolidated VIE have no recourse to the general credit of the primary beneficiary (if applicable); the terms of arrangements, giving consideration to both explicit arrangements and implicit variable interests, if any, that could require the entity to provide financial support to the VIE, including events or circumstances that could expose the entity to a loss; the methodology used by the entity for determining whether or not it is the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity; the significant factors considered and judgments made in determining that the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance are shared (as defined); the carrying amounts and classification of assets and liabilities of the VIE included in the statement of financial position; the entity's maximum exposure to loss, if any, as a result of its involvement with the VIE, including how the maximum exposure is determined and significant sources of the entity's exposure to the VIE; a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities and the entity's maximum exposure to loss; information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees, and (or) other commitments by third parties that may affect the fair value or risk of the entity's variable interest in the VIE; whether or not the entity has provided financial support or other support (explicitly or implicitly) to the VIE that it was not previously contractually required to provide or whether the entity intends to provide that support, including the type and amount of the support and the primary reasons for providing the support; and supplemental information the entity determines necessary to provide.

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