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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Reconciliation of the applicable statutory U.S. income tax rate to the effective tax rate the effective tax rate
A reconciliation of the applicable statutory U.S. income tax rate to the effective tax rate for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, is presented in the following table.
Effective tax rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31,
 
2016

 
2015

 
2014

Statutory U.S. federal tax rate
 
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
Increase/(decrease) in tax rate resulting from:
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. state and local income taxes, net of U.S. federal income tax benefit
 
2.4

 
1.5

 
2.7

Tax-exempt income
 
(3.1
)
 
(3.3
)
 
(3.1
)
Non-U.S. subsidiary earnings(a)
 
(1.7
)
 
(3.9
)
 
(2.0
)
Business tax credits
 
(3.9
)
 
(3.7
)
 
(3.3
)
Nondeductible legal expense
 
0.3

 
0.8

 
2.3

Tax audit resolutions
 

 
(5.7
)
 
(1.4
)
Other, net
 
(0.6
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(1.0
)
Effective tax rate
 
28.4
 %
 
20.4
 %
 
29.2
 %
(a)
Predominantly includes earnings of U.K. subsidiaries that are deemed to be reinvested indefinitely.
Components of income tax expense/(benefit) included in the Consolidated Statements of Income
The components of income tax expense/(benefit) included in the Consolidated statements of income were as follows for each of the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014.
Income tax expense/(benefit)
Year ended December 31,
(in millions)
 
2016

 
2015

 
2014

Current income tax expense/(benefit)
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. federal
 
$
2,488

 
$
3,160

 
$
2,382

Non-U.S.
 
1,760

 
1,220

 
1,353

U.S. state and local
 
904

 
547

 
857

Total current income tax expense/(benefit)
 
5,152

 
4,927

 
4,592

Deferred income tax expense/(benefit)
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. federal
 
4,364

 
1,213

 
3,890

Non-U.S.
 
(73
)
 
(95
)
 
71

U.S. state and local
 
360

 
215

 
401

Total deferred income tax
     expense/(benefit)
 
4,651

 
1,333

 
4,362

Total income tax expense
 
$
9,803

 
$
6,260

 
$
8,954

U.S. and non-U.S. components of income before income tax expense/(benefit) and extraordinary gain income
The following table presents the U.S. and non-U.S. components of income before income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.
Year ended December 31,
(in millions)
 
2016

 
2015

 
2014

U.S.
 
$
26,651

 
$
23,191

 
$
23,422

Non-U.S.(a)
 
7,885

 
7,511

 
7,277

Income before income tax expense
 
$
34,536

 
$
30,702

 
$
30,699

(a)
For purposes of this table, non-U.S. income is defined as income generated from operations located outside the U.S.
Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities
The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected in the following table as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.
December 31, (in millions)
 
2016

 
2015

Deferred tax assets
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
$
5,534

 
$
5,343

Employee benefits
 
2,911

 
2,972

Accrued expenses and other
 
6,831

 
7,299

Non-U.S. operations
 
5,368

 
5,365

Tax attribute carryforwards
 
2,155

 
2,602

Gross deferred tax assets
 
22,799

 
23,581

Valuation allowance
 
(785
)
 
(735
)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance
 
$
22,014

 
$
22,846

Deferred tax liabilities
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
 
$
3,294

 
$
3,167

Mortgage servicing rights, net of hedges
 
4,807

 
4,968

Leasing transactions
 
4,053

 
3,042

Non-U.S. operations
 
4,572

 
4,285

Other, net
 
5,493

 
4,419

Gross deferred tax liabilities
 
22,219

 
19,881

Net deferred tax (liabilities)/assets
 
$
(205
)
 
$
2,965

Reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits
The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.
Year ended December 31,
(in millions)
 
2016

 
2015

 
2014

Balance at January 1,
 
$
3,497

 
$
4,911

 
$
5,535

Increases based on tax positions related to the current period
 
262

 
408

 
810

Increases based on tax positions related to prior periods
 
583

 
1,028

 
477

Decreases based on tax positions related to prior periods
 
(785
)
 
(2,646
)
 
(1,902
)
Decreases related to cash settlements with taxing authorities
 
(56
)
 
(204
)
 
(9
)
Decreases related to a lapse of applicable statute of limitations
 
(51
)
 

 

Balance at December 31,
 
$
3,450

 
$
3,497

 
$
4,911

Tax examination status
The following table summarizes the status of significant income tax examinations of JPMorgan Chase and its consolidated subsidiaries as of December 31, 2016.
December 31, 2016
 
Periods under examination
 
Status
JPMorgan Chase – U.S.
 
2003 – 2005
 
At Appellate level
JPMorgan Chase – U.S.
 
2006 – 2010
 
Field examination of amended returns; certain matters at Appellate level
JPMorgan Chase – U.S.
 
2011 – 2013
 
Field Examination
JPMorgan Chase – New York State
 
2008 – 2011
 
Field Examination
JPMorgan Chase – New York City
 
2008 – 2011
 
Field Examination
JPMorgan Chase – California
 
2011 – 2012
 
Field Examination
JPMorgan Chase – U.K.
 
2006 – 2014
 
Field examination of certain select entities