International operations

The following table presents income statement- and balance sheet-related information for JPMorgan Chase by major international geographic area. The Firm defines international activities for purposes of this footnote presentation as business transactions that involve clients residing outside of the U.S., and the information presented below is based predominantly on the domicile of the client, the location from which the client relationship is managed, or the location of the trading desk. However, many of the Firm’s U.S. operations serve international businesses.

As the Firm’s operations are highly integrated, estimates and subjective assumptions have been made to apportion revenue and expense between U.S. and international operations. These estimates and assumptions are consistent with the allocations used for the Firm’s segment reporting as set forth in Note 33.

The Firm’s long-lived assets for the periods presented are not considered by management to be significant in relation to total assets. The majority of the Firm’s long-lived assets are located in the U.S.



As of or for the year ended December 31, (in millions)	Revenue^(b)		Expense^(c)		Income before income tax expense		Net income		Total assets
2015
Europe/Middle East and Africa	$	14,206	$	8,871	$	5,335	$	4,158	$	347,647	^(d)
Asia and Pacific	6,151		4,241		1,910		1,285		138,747
Latin America and the Caribbean	1,923		1,508		415		253		48,185
Total international	22,280		14,620		7,660		5,696		534,579
North America^(a)	71,263		48,221		23,042		18,746		1,817,119
Total	$	93,543	$	62,841	$	30,702	$	24,442	$	2,351,698
2014
Europe/Middle East and Africa	$	16,013	$	10,123	$	5,890	$	3,935	$	481,328	^(d)
Asia and Pacific	6,083		4,478		1,605		1,051		147,357
Latin America and the Caribbean	2,047		1,626		421		269		44,567
Total international	24,143		16,227		7,916		5,255		673,252
North America^(a)	70,969		48,186		22,783		16,490		1,899,022
Total	$	95,112	$	64,413	$	30,699	$	21,745	$	2,572,274
2013
Europe/Middle East and Africa	$	15,585	$	9,069	$	6,516	$	4,842	$	514,747	^(d)
Asia and Pacific	6,168		4,248		1,920		1,254		145,999
Latin America and the Caribbean	2,251		1,626		625		381		41,473
Total international	24,004		14,943		9,061		6,477		702,219
North America^(a)	73,363		55,749		17,614		11,409		1,712,660
Total	$	97,367	$	70,692	$	26,675	$	17,886	$	2,414,879


(a)	Substantially reflects the U.S.


(b)	Revenue is composed of net interest income and noninterest revenue.


(c)	Expense is composed of noninterest expense and the provision for credit losses.


(d)	Total assets for the U.K. were approximately $306 billion, $434 billion, and $451 billion at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.