The following table presents the components of noninterest expense.



	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)	2013		2012		2013		2012
Compensation expense	$	8,019	$	7,427	$	16,433	$	16,040
Noncompensation expense:
Occupancy expense	904		1,080		1,805		2,041
Technology, communications and equipment expense	1,361		1,282		2,693		2,553
Professional and outside services	1,901		1,857		3,635		3,652
Marketing	578		642		1,167		1,322
Other expense^(a)(b)(c)	2,951		2,487		5,252		7,319
Amortization of intangibles	152		191		304		384
Total noncompensation expense	7,847		7,539		14,856		17,271
Total noninterest expense	$	15,866	$	14,966	$	31,289	$	33,311


(a)	Included litigation expense of $678 million and $323 million for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $1.0 billion and $3.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.


(b)	Included FDIC-related expense of $392 million and $413 million for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $771 million and $814 million for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.


(c)	Includes certain expenses relating to the Commodities Group activities, including storage, transportation and tolling arrangements.