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Loans
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2011
Loans [Abstract] 
LOANS
LOANS
Loan accounting framework
The accounting for a loan depends on management’s strategy for the loan, and on whether the loan was credit-impaired at the date of acquisition. The Firm accounts for loans based on the following categories:
Originated or purchased loans held-for-investment (i.e., “retained”), other than purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans
Loans held-for-sale
Loans at fair value
PCI loans held-for-investment
For a detailed discussion of loans, including accounting policies, see Note 14 on pages 220–238 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report. See Note 4 on pages 116–118 of this Form 10-Q for further information on the Firm’s elections of fair value accounting under the fair value option. See Note 3 on pages 104–116 of this Form 10-Q for further information on loans carried at fair value and classified as trading assets.
Loan portfolio
The Firm’s loan portfolio is divided into three portfolio segments, which are the same segments used by the Firm to determine the allowance for loan losses: Wholesale; Consumer, excluding credit card; and Credit card. Within each portfolio segment, the Firm monitors and assesses the credit risk in the following classes of loans, based on the risk characteristics of each loan class:
Wholesale(a)
 
Consumer, excluding
credit card(b)
 
Credit card
• Commercial and industrial
• Real estate
• Financial institutions
• Government agencies
• Other
 
Residential real estate – excluding PCI
• Home equity – senior lien
• Home equity – junior lien
• Prime mortgage, including option adjustable-rate mortgages (“ARMs”)
• Subprime mortgage
Other consumer loans
• Auto(c)
• Business banking(c)
• Student and other
Residential real estate – PCI
• Home equity
• Prime mortgage
• Subprime mortgage
• Option ARMs
 
• Chase, excluding accounts originated by Washington Mutual
• Accounts originated by Washington Mutual
(a)
Includes loans reported in IB, Commercial Banking (“CB”), Treasury & Securities Services (“TSS”), Asset Management (“AM”)
and Corporate/Private Equity segments.
(b)
Includes loans reported in RFS, auto and student loans reported in Card Services & Auto (“Card”) and residential real estate loans reported in the Corporate/Private Equity segment.
(c)
Includes auto and business banking risk-rated loans that apply the wholesale methodology for determining the allowance for loan losses; these loans are managed by Card and RFS, respectively, and therefore, for consistency in presentation, are included with the other consumer loan classes.

The following table summarizes the Firm’s loan balances by portfolio segment:
September 30, 2011 (in millions)
Wholesale
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
Total
 
Retained
$
255,799

$
310,104

$
127,041

$
692,944

(a) 
Held-for-sale
1,687

131

94

1,912

 
At fair value
1,997



1,997

 
Total
$
259,483

$
310,235

$
127,135

$
696,853

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2010 (in millions)
Wholesale
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
Total
 
Retained
$
222,510

$
327,464

$
135,524

$
685,498

(a) 
Held-for-sale
3,147

154

2,152

5,453

 
At fair value
1,976



1,976

 
Total
$
227,633

$
327,618

$
137,676

$
692,927

 
(a)
Loans (other than PCI loans and those for which the fair value option has been selected) are presented net of unearned income, unamortized discounts and premiums and net deferred loan costs of $2.5 billion and $1.9 billion at September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.
The following tables provide information about the carrying value of retained loans purchased, retained loans sold and retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale during the periods indicated. These tables exclude loans recorded at fair value. On an ongoing basis, the Firm manages its exposure to credit risk. Selling loans is one way that the Firm reduces its credit exposures.
Three months ended September 30, 2011 (in millions)
 
Wholesale
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Total
Purchases
 
$
210

$
1,843

$

$
2,053

Sales
 
590

421


1,011

Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale
 
57


94

151

Nine months ended September 30, 2011 (in millions)
 
Wholesale
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Total
Purchases
 
$
551

$
5,503

$

$
6,054

Sales
 
2,272

1,079


3,351

Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale
 
357


2,006

2,363



The following table provides information about gains/(losses) on loan sales by portfolio segment.
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans (including lower of cost or fair value adjustments)(a)
 
 
 
 
 
Wholesale
$
(9
)
$
36

 
$
132

$
166

Consumer, excluding credit card
42

96

 
95

224

Credit card

(1
)
 
(24
)
(1
)
Total net gains/(losses) on sales of loans (including lower of cost or fair value adjustments)(a)
$
33

$
131

 
$
203

$
389

(a)
Excludes sales related to loans accounted for at fair value.
Wholesale loan portfolio
Wholesale loans include loans made to a variety of customers including large corporate and institutional clients to certain high-net worth individuals. The primary credit quality indicator for wholesale loans is the risk rating assigned each loan. For further information on these risk ratings, see Notes 14 and 15 on pages 220–243 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The table below provides information by class of receivable for the retained loans in the Wholesale portfolio segment.
 
Commercial
and industrial
 
Real estate
(in millions, except ratios)
September 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
September 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
Loans by risk ratings
 
 
 
 
 
Investment grade
$
41,735

$
31,697

 
$
31,236

$
28,504

Noninvestment grade:
 
 
 
 
 
Noncriticized
37,087

30,874

 
16,792

16,425

Criticized performing
2,332

2,371

 
4,389

5,769

Criticized nonaccrual
1,070

1,634

 
1,179

2,937

Total noninvestment grade
40,489

34,879

 
22,360

25,131

Total retained loans
$
82,224

$
66,576

 
$
53,596

$
53,635

% of total criticized to total retained loans
4.14
%
6.02
%
 
10.39
%
16.23
%
% of nonaccrual loans to total retained loans
1.30

2.45

 
2.20

5.48

Loans by geographic distribution(a)
 
 
 
 
 
Total non-U.S.
$
24,987

$
17,731

 
$
1,670

$
1,963

Total U.S.
57,237

48,845

 
51,926

51,672

Total retained loans
$
82,224

$
66,576

 
$
53,596

$
53,635

 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan delinquency(b)
 
 
 
 
 
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
$
81,049

$
64,501

 
$
52,222

$
50,299

30–89 days past due and still accruing
104

434

 
123

290

90 or more days past due and still accruing(c)
1

7

 
72

109

Criticized nonaccrual
1,070

1,634

 
1,179

2,937

Total retained loans
$
82,224

$
66,576

 
$
53,596

$
53,635

(a)
U.S. and non-U.S. distribution is determined based predominantly on the domicile of the borrower.
(b)
Credit quality of wholesale loans is assessed primarily through ongoing review and monitoring of an obligor's ability to meet contractual obligations rather than relying on the past due status, which is generally a lagging indicator of credit quality.  For a discussion of more significant risk factors, see Note 14 on page 223 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
(c)
Represents loans that are 90 days or more past due as to principal and/or interest, but that are still accruing interest; these loans are considered well-collateralized.
(d)
Other primarily includes loans to special purpose entities and loans to private banking clients. See Note 1 on pages 164–165 of the Firm’s 2010 Annual Report for additional information on special-purpose entities (“SPEs”).
The following table presents additional information on the real estate class of loans within the wholesale portfolio segment for the periods indicated. For further information on real estate loans, see Note 14 on pages 220–238 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
 
Multi-family
 
Commercial lessors
(in millions, except ratios)
September 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
September 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
Real estate retained loans
$
32,042

$
30,604

 
$
14,363

$
15,796

Criticized exposure
2,926

3,798

 
1,849

3,593

% of criticized exposure to total real estate retained loans
9.13
%
12.41
%
 
12.87
%
22.75
%
Criticized nonaccrual
$
598

$
1,016

 
$
333

$
1,549

% of criticized nonaccrual to total real estate retained loans
1.87
%
3.32
%
 
2.32
%
9.81
%







(table continued from previous page)

Financial
 institutions
 
Government agencies
 
Other(d)
 
Total
retained loans
September 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
September 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
September 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
September 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
26,674

$
22,525

 
$
7,245

$
6,871

 
$
68,965

$
56,450

 
$
175,855

$
146,047

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8,571

8,480

 
285

382

 
6,643

6,012

 
69,378

62,173

203

317

 
4

3

 
627

320

 
7,555

8,780

57

136

 
17

22

 
688

781

 
3,011

5,510

8,831

8,933

 
306

407

 
7,958

7,113

 
79,944

76,463

$
35,505

$
31,458

 
$
7,551

$
7,278

 
$
76,923

$
63,563

 
$
255,799

$
222,510

0.73
%
1.44
%
 
0.28
%
0.34
%
 
1.71
%
1.73
%
 
4.13
%
6.42
%
0.16

0.43

 
0.23

0.30

 
0.89

1.23

 
1.18

2.48

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
27,266

$
19,756

 
$
903

$
870

 
$
32,373

$
25,831

 
$
87,199

$
66,151

8,239

11,702

 
6,648

6,408

 
44,550

37,732

 
168,600

156,359

$
35,505

$
31,458

 
$
7,551

$
7,278

 
$
76,923

$
63,563

 
$
255,799

$
222,510

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
35,438

$
31,289

 
$
7,532

$
7,222

 
$
75,494

$
61,837

 
$
251,735

$
215,148

10

31

 
2

34

 
676

704

 
915

1,493


2

 


 
65

241

 
138

359

57

136

 
17

22

 
688

781

 
3,011

5,510

$
35,505

$
31,458

 
$
7,551

$
7,278

 
$
76,923

$
63,563

 
$
255,799

$
222,510












(table continued from previous page)
Commercial construction and development
 
Other
 
Total real estate loans
September 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
September 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
September 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
$
3,073

$
3,395

 
$
4,118

$
3,840

 
$
53,596

$
53,635

365

619

 
428

696

 
5,568

8,706

11.88
%
18.23
%
 
10.39
%
18.13
%
 
10.39
%
16.23
%
$
134

$
174

 
$
114

$
198

 
$
1,179

$
2,937

4.36
%
5.13
%
 
2.77
%
5.16
%
 
2.20
%
5.48
%





Wholesale impaired loans and loan modifications
Wholesale impaired loans include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status and/or that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”). All impaired loans are evaluated for an asset-specific allowance as described in Note 14 on pages 158–159 of this Form 10-Q.
The table below set forth information about the Firm’s wholesale impaired loans.
 
Commercial
and industrial
 
Real estate
 
Financial
institutions
 
Government
 agencies
 
Other
 
Total
retained loans
(in millions)
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
Impaired loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With an allowance
$
1,018

$
1,512

 
$
850

$
2,510

 
$
37

$
127

 
$
17

$
22

 
$
645

$
697

 
$
2,567

$
4,868

Without an allowance(a)
103

157

 
314

445

 
23

8

 


 
46

8

 
486

618

Total impaired loans
$
1,121

$
1,669

 
$
1,164

$
2,955

 
$
60

$
135

 
$
17

$
22

 
$
691

$
705

 
$
3,053

$
5,486

Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans
$
256

$
435

 
$
209

$
825

 
$
7

$
61

 
$
12

$
14

 
$
186

$
239

 
$
670

$
1,574

Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans(b)
1,798

2,453

 
1,538

3,487

 
115

244

 
18

30

 
1,017

1,046

 
4,486

7,260

(a)
When the discounted cash flows, collateral value or market price equals or exceeds the recorded investment in the loan, then the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the impaired loans have been partially charged-off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.
(b)
Represents the contractual amount of principal owed at September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. The unpaid principal balance differs from the impaired loan balances due to various factors, including charge-offs; interest payments received and applied to the carrying value; net deferred loan fees or costs; and unamortized discount or premiums on purchased loans.
The following table presents the Firm’s average impaired loans for the periods indicated.
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
Commercial and industrial
$
1,205

$
1,544

 
$
1,395

$
1,674

Real estate
1,258

3,251

 
2,034

3,231

Financial institutions
62

224

 
76

335

Government agencies
18


 
21

3

Other
634

725

 
634

864

Total(a)
$
3,177

$
5,744

 
$
4,160

$
6,107

(a)
The related interest income on accruing impaired loans and interest income recognized on a cash basis were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010.
Loan modifications
The Firm may modify certain loans in TDR transactions, which provide various concessions to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. All TDRs are reported as impaired loans in the tables above. For further information, see Note 14 on pages 221–222 and 226 of JPMorgan Chase's 2010 Annual Report. The following table provides information about the Firm's wholesale loans that have been modified in TDRs as of the dates presented.
 
Commercial
and industrial
 
Real estate
 
Financial
institutions
 
Government
 agencies
 
Other
 
Total
retained loans
(in millions)
Sep 30, 2011
Dec 31, 2010
 
Sep 30, 2011
Dec 31, 2010
 
Sep 30, 2011
Dec 31, 2010
 
Sep 30, 2011
Dec 31, 2010
 
Sep 30, 2011
Dec 31, 2010
 
Sep 30, 2011
Dec 31, 2010
Loans modified in troubled debt restructurings
$
625

$
212

 
$
261

$
907

 
$
2

$
1

 
$
17

$
22

 
$
23

$
1

 
$
928

$
1,143

TDRs on nonaccrual status
574

163

 
243

831

 

1

 
17

22

 
19

1

 
853

1,018

Additional commitments to lend to borrowers whose loans have been modified in TDRs
220

1

 


 


 


 


 
220

1


TDR activity rollforward
The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of wholesale loans modified in TDRs for the periods presented and provides information regarding the nature and extent of modifications during those periods.
 
Three months ended September 30, 2011
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2011
 
(in millions)
Commercial and industrial
 
Real estate
 
Other (c)
 
Total
 
Commercial and industrial
 
Real estate
 
Other (c)
 
Total
Beginning balance of TDRs
$
683

 
$
289

 
$
28

 
$
1,000

 
$
212

 
$
907

 
$
24

 
$
1,143

New TDRs(a)
60

 
43

 
20

 
123

 
642

 
103

 
26

 
771

Increases to existing TDRs

 

 

 

 
19

 
4

 

 
23

Charge-offs post-modification
(13
)
 
(1
)
 

 
(14
)
 
(19
)
 
(143
)
 

 
(162
)
Sales and other(b)
(105
)
 
(70
)
 
(6
)
 
(181
)
 
(229
)
 
(610
)
 
(8
)
 
(847
)
Ending balance of TDRs
$
625

 
$
261

 
$
42

 
$
928

 
$
625

 
$
261

 
$
42

 
$
928

(a)
New TDRs are predominantly term or payment extensions but also may include interest rate reductions and deferrals of principal and/or interest payments.
(b)
Sales and other are predominantly sales and paydowns, but may include performing loans restructured at market rates that are no longer reported as TDRs.
(c)
Includes loans to Financial institutions, Government agencies and Other.
Financial effects of modifications and redefaults
New TDRs during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011, are predominantly term or payment extensions on commercial and industrial and real estate loans. The average term extension granted on these new TDRs was 1.5 years and 3.4 years for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively. The weighted-average remaining term for all loans modified during these periods was 0.7 years and 2.1 years for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively. Wholesale TDR loans that redefaulted within one year of the modification were $5 million and $88 million during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively. A payment default is deemed to occur when the borrower has not made a loan payment by its scheduled due date after giving effect to any contractual grace period.
Consumer, excluding credit card loan portfolio
Consumer loans, excluding credit card loans, consist primarily of residential mortgages, home equity loans and lines of credit, auto loans, business banking loans, and student and other loans, with a primary focus on serving the prime consumer credit market. The portfolio also includes home equity loans secured by junior liens and mortgage loans with interest-only payment options to predominantly prime borrowers, as well as certain payment-option loans originated by Washington Mutual that may result in negative amortization.
Consumer loans, other than PCI loans and the risk-rated loans within the business banking and auto portfolios, are generally charged off to the allowance for loan losses upon reaching specified stages of delinquency, in accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (“FFIEC”) policy.
The table below provides information about consumer retained loans by class, excluding the credit card loan portfolio segment.
(in millions)
September 30, 2011
December 31, 2010
Residential real estate – excluding PCI
 
 
Home equity:
 
 
Senior lien
$
22,364

$
24,376

Junior lien
57,914

64,009

Mortgages:
 
 
Prime, including option ARMs
74,230

74,539

Subprime
10,045

11,287

Other consumer loans
 
 
Auto
46,659

48,367

Business banking
17,272

16,812

Student and other
14,492

15,311

Residential real estate – PCI
 
 
Home equity
23,105

24,459

Prime mortgage
15,626

17,322

Subprime mortgage
5,072

5,398

Option ARMs
23,325

25,584

Total retained loans
$
310,104

$
327,464

Delinquency rates are a primary credit quality indicator for consumer loans, excluding credit card. Other indicators that are taken into consideration for consumer loans, excluding credit card, include:
For residential real estate loans, including both non-PCI and PCI portfolios: The current estimated LTV ratio, or the combined LTV ratio in the case of loans with a junior lien, the geographic distribution of the loan collateral, and the borrowers’ current or “refreshed” FICO score.
For scored auto and business banking loans and student loans: Geographic distribution of the loans.
For risk-rated auto and business banking loans: Risk rating of the loan, geographic considerations relevant to the loan and whether the loan is considered to be criticized and/or nonaccrual.
For further information on consumer credit quality indicators, see Note 14 on pages 220–238 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Residential real estate – excluding PCI loans
The following tables provide information by class for residential real estate – excluding PCI retained loans in the consumer, excluding credit card, portfolio segment. The following factors should be considered in analyzing certain credit statistics applicable to the Firm’s residential real estate – excluding PCI loans portfolio: (i) junior lien home equity loans may be fully charged off when the loan becomes 180 days past due, the borrower is either unable or unwilling to repay the loan, and the value of the collateral does not support the repayment of the loan, resulting in relatively high charge-off rates for this product class; and (ii) the lengthening of loss-mitigation timelines may result in higher delinquency rates for loans carried at estimated collateral value that remain on the Firm’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Residential real estate – excluding PCI loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
 
Senior lien
 
Junior lien
(in millions, except ratios)
September 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
September 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
Loan delinquency(a)
 
 
 
 
 
Current and less than 30 days past due
$
21,621

$
23,615

 
$
56,379

$
62,315

30–149 days past due
387

414

 
1,321

1,508

150 or more days past due
356

347

 
214

186

Total retained loans
$
22,364

$
24,376

 
$
57,914

$
64,009

% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
3.32
%
3.12
%
 
2.65
%
2.65
%
90 or more days past due and still accruing
$

$

 
$

$

90 or more days past due and government guaranteed(b)


 


Nonaccrual loans
479

479

 
811

784

Current estimated LTV ratios(c)(d)(e)(f)
 
 
 
 
 
Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
$
319

$
363

 
$
6,248

$
6,928

Less than 660
162

196

 
2,109

2,495

101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
654

619

 
9,014

9,403

Less than 660
253

249

 
2,665

2,873

80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
1,867

1,900

 
11,869

13,333

Less than 660
635

657

 
2,770

3,155

Less than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
15,819

17,474

 
20,223

22,527

Less than 660
2,655

2,918

 
3,016

3,295

U.S. government-guaranteed


 


Total retained loans
$
22,364

$
24,376

 
$
57,914

$
64,009

Geographic region
 
 
 
 
 
California
$
3,135

$
3,348

 
$
13,276

$
14,656

New York
3,060

3,272

 
11,251

12,278

Florida
1,011

1,088

 
3,111

3,470

Illinois
1,530

1,635

 
3,900

4,248

Texas
3,160

3,594

 
1,950

2,239

New Jersey
701

732

 
3,324

3,617

Arizona
1,367

1,481

 
2,648

2,979

Washington
728

776

 
1,964

2,142

Ohio
1,814

2,010

 
1,385

1,568

Michigan
1,075

1,176

 
1,454

1,618

All other(g)
4,783

5,264

 
13,651

15,194

Total retained loans
$
22,364

$
24,376

 
$
57,914

$
64,009

(a) Individual delinquency classifications included mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies as follows: current and less than 30 days past due includes $3.1 billion and $2.5 billion; 30–149 days past due includes $2.1 billion and $2.5 billion; and 150 or more days past due includes $8.4 billion and $7.9 billion at September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.
(b)
These balances, which are 90 days or more past due but insured by U.S. government agencies, are excluded from nonaccrual loans. In predominately all cases, 100% of the principal balance of the loans is insured and interest is guaranteed at a specified reimbursement rate subject to meeting agreed servicing guidelines. These amounts are excluded from nonaccrual loans because reimbursement of insured and guaranteed amounts is proceeding normally. At September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, these balances included $5.9 billion and $2.8 billion, respectively, of loans that are no longer accruing interest because interest has been curtailed by the U.S. government agencies although, in predominantly all cases, 100% of the principal is still insured. For the remaining balance, interest is being accrued at the guaranteed reimbursement rate.
(c)
Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models utilizing nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. These property values do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral values; as such, the resulting ratios are necessarily imprecise and should be viewed as estimates.
(d)
Junior lien represents combined LTV, which considers all available lien positions related to the property. All other products are presented without consideration of subordinate liens on the property.
(e)
Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm at least on a quarterly basis.
(f)
For senior lien home equity loans, prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current-period presentation.
(g)
At September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $13.6 billion and $12.9 billion, respectively.
(h)
At September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, excluded mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $10.5 billion and $10.3 billion, respectively. These amounts were excluded as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally.
(table continued from previous page)
Mortgages
 
 
 
Prime, including option ARMs
 
 
Subprime
 
Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
 
September 30,
2011
 
December 31,
2010
 
 
September 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
September 30,
2011
 
December 31,
2010
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
59,772

 
$
59,223

 
 
$
7,848

$
8,477

 
$
145,620

 
$
153,630

 
3,304

 
4,052

 
 
844

1,184

 
5,856

 
7,158

 
11,154

 
11,264

 
 
1,353

1,626

 
13,077

 
13,423

 
$
74,230

 
$
74,539

 
 
$
10,045

$
11,287

 
$
164,553

 
$
174,211

 
5.39
%
(h) 
6.68
%
(h) 
 
21.87
%
24.90
%
 
5.15
%
(h) 
5.88
%
(h) 
$

 
$

 
 
$

$

 
$

 
$

 
9,505

 
9,417

 
 


 
9,505

 
9,417

 
3,656

 
4,320

 
 
1,932

2,210

 
6,878

 
7,793

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
2,901

 
$
3,039

 
 
$
349

$
338

 
$
9,817

 
$
10,668

 
1,321

 
1,595

 
 
1,072

1,153

 
4,664

 
5,439

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,708

 
4,733

 
 
504

506

 
14,880

 
15,261

 
1,735

 
1,775

 
 
1,349

1,486

 
6,002

 
6,383

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9,767

 
10,720

 
 
835

925

 
24,338

 
26,878

 
2,432

 
2,786

 
 
1,656

1,955

 
7,493

 
8,553

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
33,382

 
32,385

 
 
2,003

2,252

 
71,427

 
74,638

 
4,373

 
4,557

 
 
2,277

2,672

 
12,321

 
13,442

 
13,611

 
12,949

 
 


 
13,611

 
12,949

 
$
74,230

 
$
74,539

 
 
$
10,045

$
11,287

 
$
164,553

 
$
174,211

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
18,141

 
$
19,278

 
 
$
1,527

$
1,730

 
$
36,079

 
$
39,012

 
9,966

 
9,587

 
 
1,258

1,381

 
25,535

 
26,518

 
4,617

 
4,840

 
 
1,257

1,422

 
9,996

 
10,820

 
3,894

 
3,765

 
 
407

468

 
9,731

 
10,116

 
2,795

 
2,569

 
 
310

345

 
8,215

 
8,747

 
2,027

 
2,026

 
 
473

534

 
6,525

 
6,909

 
1,218

 
1,320

 
 
208

244

 
5,441

 
6,024

 
1,918

 
2,056

 
 
219

247

 
4,829

 
5,221

 
453

 
462

 
 
242

275

 
3,894

 
4,315

 
926

 
963

 
 
256

294

 
3,711

 
4,051

 
28,275

 
27,673

 
 
3,888

4,347

 
50,597

 
52,478

 
$
74,230

 
$
74,539

 
 
$
10,045

$
11,287

 
$
164,553

 
$
174,211

 


The following table represents the Firm’s delinquency statistics for junior lien home equity loans as of September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.
 
 
Delinquencies
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2011 
(in millions, except ratios)
 
30–89 days past due
 
90–149 days past due
 
150+ days past due
 
Total loans
 
Total 30+ day delinquency rate
HELOCs:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Within the revolving period(b)
 
$
660

 
$
285

 
$
160

 
$
49,312

 
2.24
%
Within the required amortization period
 
46

 
17

 
13

 
1,541

 
4.93

HELOANs
 
203

 
110

 
41

 
7,061

 
5.01

Total
 
$
909

 
$
412

 
$
214

 
$
57,914

 
2.65
%
 
 
Delinquencies
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2010
(in millions, except ratios)
 
30–89 days past due
 
90–149 days past due
 
150+ days past due
 
Total loans
 
Total 30+ day delinquency rate
HELOCs:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Within the revolving period(b)
 
$
665

 
$
384

 
$
145

 
$
54,434

 
2.19
%
Within the required amortization period
 
41

 
19

 
10

 
1,177

 
5.95

HELOANs
 
250

 
149

 
31

 
8,398

 
5.12

Total
 
$
956

 
$
552

 
$
186

 
$
64,009

 
2.65
%
(a) In general, HELOCs are open-ended, revolving loans for a 10-year period, after which time the HELOC converts to a loan with a 20-year amortization period.
(b) The Firm manages the risk of HELOCs during their revolving period by closing or reducing the undrawn line to the extent permitted by law when borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty or when the collateral does not support the loan amount.

Home equity lines of credit (“HELOCs”) within the required amortization period and home equity loans (“HELOANs”) have higher delinquency rates than do HELOCs within the revolving period. That is primarily because the fully-amortizing payment required for those products is higher than the minimum payment options available for HELOCs within the revolving period. The higher delinquency rates associated with amortizing HELOCs and HELOANs are factored into the loss estimates produced by the Firm’s delinquency roll-rate methodology, which estimates defaults based on the current delinquency status of a portfolio.
Residential real estate impaired loans and loan modifications – excluding PCI loans
The Firm is participating in the U.S. Treasury’s Making Home Affordable (“MHA”) programs and is continuing to expand its other loss-mitigation efforts for financially distressed borrowers who do not qualify for the MHA programs. For further information, see Note 14 on pages 220–238 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Trial modifications
In order to be offered a permanent modification under Home Affordable Modification Program (“HAMP”), a borrower must successfully make three payments under the new terms during a trial modification period. The Firm also offers one proprietary modification program with a trial period similar to that required under HAMP. At September 30, 2011, approximately $900 million of loans were in a trial modification period.
In mid 2010, the Firm began requiring the completion of substantially all underwriting procedures prior to trial modification initiation. Based on the Firm's recent experience with respect to owned residential real estate loans, excluding PCI, under this revised program, approximately 74% of borrowers who have initiated a trial modification have successfully completed the trial period, and substantially all of those borrowers have had their mortgages permanently modified. Of the remaining borrowers, 22% did not successfully complete the trial period and 4% are still in the trial period. Permanent modifications under these programs are accounted for as TDRs, as discussed below. While the Firm does not characterize loans in the trial modification period as TDRs, the Firm considers the risk characteristics of loans in trial modification in determining its formula-based allowance for loan losses; as a result, loans that were in trial periods as of September 30, 2011, are not expected to have an incremental impact on the Firm's allowance for loans losses if and when they are permanently modified.
Impaired loans
The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s residential real estate impaired loans, excluding PCI. These loans are considered to be impaired as they have been modified in a TDR. All impaired loans are evaluated for an asset-specific allowance as described in Note 14 on pages 158–159 of this Form 10-Q.
 
Home equity
 
Mortgages
 
 
 
Senior lien
 
Junior lien
 
Prime, including
option ARMs
 
Subprime
 
Total residential
 real estate
– excluding PCI
(in millions)
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
Impaired loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With an allowance
$
258

$
211

 
$
574

$
258

 
$
3,814

$
1,525

 
$
2,833

$
2,563

 
$
7,479

$
4,557

Without an allowance(a)
17

15

 
32

25

 
562

559

 
174

188

 
785

787

Total impaired loans(b)
$
275

$
226

 
$
606

$
283

 
$
4,376

$
2,084

 
$
3,007

$
2,751

 
$
8,264

$
5,344

Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans
$
93

$
77

 
$
177

$
82

 
$
77

$
97

 
$
452

$
555

 
$
799

$
811

Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans(c)
343

265

 
871

402

 
5,479

2,751

 
4,409

3,777

 
11,102

7,195

Impaired loans on nonaccrual status
48

38

 
201

63

 
738

534

 
752

632

 
1,739

1,267

(a)
When discounted cash flows or collateral value equals or exceeds the recorded investment in the loan, the loan does not require an allowance.     This typically occurs when an impaired loan has been partially charged off.
(b)
At September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, $3.8 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, of loans modified subsequent to repurchase from Ginnie Mae in accordance with the standards of the appropriate government agency (i.e., Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”), Rural Housing Services (“RHS”)) were excluded from loans accounted for as TDRs. When such loans perform subsequent to modification in accordance with Ginnie Mae guidelines, they are generally sold back into Ginnie Mae loan pools. Modified loans that do not re-perform become subject to foreclosure.
(c)
Represents the contractual amount of principal owed at September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. The unpaid principal balance differs from the impaired loan balances due to various factors, including charge-offs; net deferred loan fees or costs; and unamortized discounts or premiums on purchased loans.
The following table presents average impaired loans and the related interest income reported by the Firm.
Three months ended September 30,
Average impaired loans
 
Interest income on
impaired loans(a)
 
Interest income on impaired
loans on a cash basis(a)
(in millions)
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

Home equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior lien
$
268

$
219

 
$
3

$
5

 
$

$

Junior lien
568

261

 
4

1

 
1


Mortgages
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime, including option ARMs
4,089

1,741

 
42

19

 
4

5

Subprime
2,931

2,685

 
39

31

 
5

5

Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
$
7,856

$
4,906

 
$
88

$
56

 
$
10

$
10


Nine months ended September 30,
Average impaired loans
 
Interest income on
impaired loans(a)
 
Interest income on impaired
loans on a cash basis(a)
(in millions)
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

Home equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior lien
$
248

$
202

 
$
8

$
10

 
$
1

$
1

Junior lien
464

262

 
12

9

 
2

1

Mortgages
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime, including option ARMs
3,267

1,363

 
101

48

 
10

10

Subprime
2,823

2,457

 
110

87

 
11

15

Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
$
6,802

$
4,284

 
$
231

$
154

 
$
24

$
27

(a) Generally, interest income on loans modified in a TDR is recognized on a cash basis until such time as the borrower has made a minimum of six payments under the new terms. As of September 30, 2011 and 2010, $997 million and $933 million, respectively, of loans were TDRs for which the borrowers had not yet made six payments under their modified terms.
Loan modifications
Permanent modifications of residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, are generally accounted for and reported as TDRs. There were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers whose residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, have been modified in TDRs. For further information, see Note 14 on pages 221–222 and 230 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
TDR activity rollforward
The following tables reconcile the beginning and ending balances of residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, modified in TDRs for the periods presented.
 
Three months ended September 30, 2011
 
Home equity
 
Mortgages
 
Total residential real estate – (excluding PCI)
(in millions)
Senior lien
 
Junior lien
 
Prime, including option ARMs
 
Subprime
 
Beginning balance of TDRs
$
261

 
$
517

 
$
3,390

 
$
2,843

 
$
7,011

New TDRs
21

 
117

 
1,116

 
271

 
1,525

Charge-offs post-modification
(2
)
 
(13
)
 
(24
)
 
(54
)
 
(93
)
Foreclosures and other liquidations (e.g., short sales)

 
(1
)
 
(28
)
 
(25
)
 
(54
)
Principal payments and other
(5
)
 
(14
)
 
(78
)
 
(28
)
 
(125
)
Ending balance of TDRs
$
275

 
$
606

 
$
4,376

 
$
3,007

 
$
8,264

 
Nine months ended September 30, 2011
 
Home equity
 
Mortgages
 
Total residential real estate – (excluding PCI)
(in millions)
Senior lien
 
Junior lien
 
Prime, including option ARMs
 
Subprime
 
Beginning balance of TDRs
$
226

 
$
283

 
$
2,084

 
$
2,751

 
$
5,344

New TDRs
67

 
410

 
2,614

 
559

 
3,650

Charge-offs post-modification
(8
)
 
(48
)
 
(77
)
 
(168
)
 
(301
)
Foreclosures and other liquidations (e.g., short sales)

 
(6
)
 
(67
)
 
(60
)
 
(133
)
Principal payments and other
(10
)
 
(33
)
 
(178
)
 
(75
)
 
(296
)
Ending balance of TDRs
$
275

 
$
606

 
$
4,376

 
$
3,007

 
$
8,264


Nature and extent of modifications
MHA, as well as the Firm’s other loss-mitigation programs, generally provide various concessions to financially troubled borrowers including, but not limited to, interest rate reductions, term or payment extensions and deferral of principal and/or interest payments that would otherwise have been required under the terms of the original agreement. The following tables provide information about how residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, were modified in TDRs during the periods presented.
 
Three months ended September 30, 2011
 
Home equity
 
Mortgages
 
 
 
Senior lien
 
Junior lien
 
Prime, including option ARMs
 
Subprime
 
Total residential real estate – (excluding PCI)
Number of loans modified
262

 
2,555

 
2,772

 
1,963

 
7,552

Concession granted(a)(b):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate reduction
77
%
 
94
%
 
89
%
 
77
%
 
87
%
Term or payment extension
98

 
85

 
94

 
83

 
88

Principal and/or interest deferred
15

 
22

 
19

 
19

 
20

Principal forgiveness
10

 
17

 
2

 
11

 
10

Other(c)
29

 
8

 
67

 
26

 
35

 
Nine months ended September 30, 2011
 
Home equity
 
Mortgages
 
 
 
Senior lien
 
Junior lien
 
Prime, including option ARMs
 
Subprime
 
Total residential real estate – (excluding PCI)
Number of loans modified
789

 
7,811

 
8,470

 
4,048

 
21,118

Concession granted(a)(b):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate reduction
80
%
 
95
%
 
48
%
 
80
%
 
73
%
Term or payment extension
88

 
83

 
71

 
75

 
77

Principal and/or interest deferred
8

 
21

 
13

 
19

 
17

Principal forgiveness
8

 
22

 
1

 
9

 
11

Other(c)
37

 
8

 
74

 
28

 
40

(a) As a percentage of the number of loans modified.
(b) The sum of the percentages exceeds 100% because predominantly all of the loan modifications include more than one type of concession.
(c) Other represents variable interest rate to fixed interest rate modifications.
Financial effects of modifications and redefaults
The following tables provide information about the financial effects of the various concessions granted on residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, that were modified in TDRs and of redefaults during the periods presented.
Three months ended September 30, 2011
(in millions, except weighted-average data and number of loans)
Home equity
 
Mortgages
 
Total residential real estate – (excluding PCI)
Senior lien
 
Junior lien
 
Prime, including option ARMs
 
Subprime
 
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – before TDR
7.39
%
 
5.49
%
 
5.86
%
 
8.25
%
 
6.32
%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – after TDR
3.88

 
1.55

 
3.88

 
3.41

 
3.56

Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – before TDR
19

 
21

 
25

 
23

 
24

Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – after TDR
31

 
34

 
36

 
33

 
35

Charge-offs recognized upon modification
$
1

 
$
32

 
$
10

 
$
5

 
$
48

Principal deferred
1

 
10

 
55

 
26

 
92

Principal forgiven

 
14

 
4

 
15

 
33

Number of loans that redefaulted within one year of modification(a)
56

 
407

 
292

 
419

 
1,174

Loans that redefaulted within one year of modification(a)
$
4

 
$
18

 
$
94

 
$
52

 
$
168

Nine months ended September 30, 2011
(in millions, except weighted-average data and number of loans)
Home equity
 
Mortgages
 
Total residential real estate – (excluding PCI)
Senior lien
 
Junior lien
 
Prime, including option ARMs
 
Subprime
 
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – before TDR
7.35
%
 
5.48
%
 
5.99
%
 
8.25
%
 
6.44
%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – after TDR
3.67

 
1.48

 
3.51

 
3.49

 
3.20

Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – before TDR
18

 
21

 
25

 
23

 
24

Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – after TDR
31

 
35

 
35

 
34

 
35

Charge-offs recognized upon modification
$
1

 
$
106

 
$
44

 
$
13

 
$
164

Principal deferred
2

 
30

 
109

 
48

 
189

Principal forgiven
1

 
58

 
7

 
25

 
91

Number of loans that redefaulted within one year of modification(a)
144

 
801

 
890

 
1,601

 
3,436

Loans that redefaulted within one year of modification(a)
$
12

 
$
36

 
$
262

 
$
234

 
$
544

(a) Represents loans modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default in the period presented, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification. The dollar amounts presented represent the balance of such loans at the end of the reporting period in which they defaulted. For residential real estate loans modified in TDRs, payment default is deemed to occur when the loan becomes two contractual payments past due. In the event that a modified loan redefaults, it is probable that the loan will ultimately be liquidated through foreclosure or another similar type of liquidation transaction. Redefaults of loans modified within the last 12 months may not be representative of ultimate redefault levels.
At September 30, 2011, the weighted-average estimated remaining lives of residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, modified in TDRs were 6.6 years, 6.1 years, 8.7 years and 6.3 years for senior lien home equity, junior lien home equity, prime mortgage, including option ARMs, and subprime, respectively. The estimated remaining lives of these loans reflect estimated prepayments, both voluntary and involuntary (i.e., foreclosures and other forced liquidations).

Other consumer loans
The tables below provide information for other consumer retained loan classes, including auto, business banking and student loans.
 
Auto
 
Business banking
 
Student and other
 
Total other consumer
 
(in millions, except ratios)
Sep 30, 2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
 
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
 
Dec 31,
2010
 
Loan delinquency(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current and less than 30 days past due
$
46,188

$
47,778

 
$
16,798

$
16,240

 
$
13,222

 
$
13,998

 
$
76,208

 
$
78,016

 
30–119 days past due
465

579

 
303

351

 
804

 
795

 
1,572

 
1,725

 
120 or more days past due
6

10

 
171

221

 
466

 
518

 
643

 
749

 
Total retained loans
$
46,659

$
48,367

 
$
17,272

$
16,812

 
$
14,492

 
$
15,311

 
$
78,423

 
$
80,490

 
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
1.01
%
1.22
%
 
2.74
%
3.40
%
 
1.90
%
(d) 
1.61
%
(d) 
1.56
%
(d) 
1.75
%
(d) 
90 or more days past due and still accruing (b)
$

$

 
$

$

 
$
567

 
$
625

 
$
567

 
$
625

 
Nonaccrual loans
114

141

 
756

832

 
68

 
67

 
938

 
1,040

 
Geographic region
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
California
$
4,335

$
4,307

 
$
1,211

$
851

 
$
1,253

 
$
1,330

 
$
6,799

 
$
6,488

 
New York
3,579

3,875

 
2,745

2,877

 
1,456

 
1,305

 
7,780

 
8,057

 
Florida
1,826

1,923

 
269

220

 
667

 
722

 
2,762

 
2,865

 
Illinois
2,398

2,608

 
1,340

1,320

 
871

 
940

 
4,609

 
4,868

 
Texas
4,397

4,505

 
2,635

2,550

 
1,096

 
1,273

 
8,128

 
8,328

 
New Jersey
1,819

1,842

 
419

422

 
472

 
502

 
2,710

 
2,766

 
Arizona
1,497

1,499

 
1,171

1,218

 
328

 
387

 
2,996

 
3,104

 
Washington
737

716

 
151

115

 
255

 
279

 
1,143

 
1,110

 
Ohio
2,674

2,961

 
1,555

1,647

 
912

 
1,010

 
5,141

 
5,618

 
Michigan
2,272

2,434

 
1,369

1,401

 
653

 
729

 
4,294

 
4,564

 
All other
21,125

21,697

 
4,407

4,191

 
6,529

 
6,834

 
32,061

 
32,722

 
Total retained loans
$
46,659

$
48,367

 
$
17,272

$
16,812

 
$
14,492

 
$
15,311

 
$
78,423

 
$
80,490

 
Loans by risk ratings(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncriticized
$
5,537

$
5,803

 
$
11,402

$
10,351

 
NA

 
NA

 
$
16,939

 
$
16,154

 
Criticized performing
174

265

 
780

982

 
NA

 
NA

 
954

 
1,247

 
Criticized nonaccrual
1

12

 
556

574

 
NA

 
NA

 
557

 
586

 
(a)
Loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”) are included in the delinquency classifications presented based on their payment status. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform to the current-period presentation.
(b)
These amounts represent student loans, which are insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP. These amounts were accruing as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally.
(c)
For risk-rated business banking and auto loans, the primary credit quality indicator is the risk rating of the loan, including whether the loans are considered to be criticized and/or nonaccrual.
(d)
September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, excluded loans 30 days or more past due and still accruing, which are insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP, of $995 million and $1.1 billion, respectively. These amounts were excluded as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally.
Other consumer impaired loans and loan modifications
The tables below set forth information about the Firm’s other consumer impaired loans, including risk-rated business banking and auto loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status, and loans that have been modified in TDRs.
 
Auto
 
Business banking
 
Total other consumer(c)
(in millions)
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
Impaired loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With an allowance
$
86

$
102

 
$
745

$
774

 
$
831

$
876

Without an allowance(a)
1


 


 
1


Total impaired loans
$
87

$
102

 
$
745

$
774

 
$
832

$
876

Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans
$
12

$
16

 
$
205

$
248

 
$
217

$
264

Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans(b)
122

132

 
858

899

 
980

1,031

Impaired loans on nonaccrual status
38

50

 
589

647

 
627

697

(a)
When discounted cash flows, collateral value or market price equals or exceeds the recorded investment in the loan, then the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the impaired loans have been partially charged off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.
(b)
Represents the contractual amount of principal owed at September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. The unpaid principal balance differs from the impaired loan balances due to various factors, including charge-offs; interest payments received and applied to the principal balance; net deferred loan fees or costs; and unamortized discounts or premiums on purchased loans.
(c)
There were no impaired student and other loans at September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.
The following table presents average impaired loans for the periods presented.
 
Average impaired loans(b)
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
Auto
$
88

$
117

 
$
93

$
125

Business banking
751

786

 
762

647

Total other consumer(a)
$
839

$
903

 
$
855

$
772

(a)
There were no impaired student and other loans at September 30, 2011 and 2010.
(b)
The related interest income on impaired loans, including those on a cash basis, was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010.
Loan modifications
The following table provides information about the Firm’s other consumer loans modified in TDRs. All of these TDRs are reported as impaired loans in the tables above.
 
Auto
 
Business banking
 
Total other consumer(c)
(in millions)
September 30,
2011
December 31, 2010
 
September 30,
2011
December 31, 2010
 
September 30,
2011
December 31, 2010
Loans modified in troubled debt restructurings(a)(b)
$
86

$
91

 
$
430

$
395

 
$
516

$
486

TDRs on nonaccrual status
37

39

 
274

268

 
311

307

(a)
These modifications generally provided interest rate concessions to the borrower or deferral of principal repayments.
(b)
Additional commitments to lend to borrowers whose loans have been modified in TDRs as of September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, were immaterial.
(c)
There were no student and other loans modified in TDRs at September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.
For a detailed discussion on how loans are modified in TDRs, see Note 14 on pages 221–222 of the Firm’s 2010 Annual Report.
TDR activity rollforward
The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balances of other consumer loans modified in TDRs for the periods presented.
 
Three months ended September 30, 2011
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2011
(in millions)
Auto
 
Business banking
 
Total other consumer
 
Auto
 
Business banking
 
Total other consumer
Beginning balance of TDRs
$
88

 
$
429

 
$
517

 
$
91

 
$
395

 
$
486

New TDRs
13

 
48

 
61

 
38

 
166

 
204

Charge-offs
(1
)
 
(5
)
 
(6
)
 
(4
)
 
(7
)
 
(11
)
Foreclosures and other liquidations

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 

 
(3
)
 
(3
)
Principal payments and other
(14
)
 
(41
)
 
(55
)
 
(39
)
 
(121
)
 
(160
)
Ending balance of TDRs
$
86

 
$
430

 
$
516

 
$
86

 
$
430

 
$
516



Financial effects of modifications and redefaults
For auto loans, TDRs typically occur in connection with the bankruptcy of the borrower. In these cases, the loan is modified with a revised repayment plan that typically incorporates interest rate reductions and, to a lesser extent, principal forgiveness.
For business banking loans, concessions are dependent on individual borrower circumstances and can be of a short-term nature for borrowers who need temporary relief or longer term for borrowers experiencing more fundamental financial difficulties. Concessions are predominantly term or payment extensions, but also may include interest rate reductions.
For the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011, the interest rates on auto loans modified in TDRs during the periods were reduced on average from 12.5% to 5.1% and from 11.9% to 5.5%, respectively, and the interest rates on business banking loans modified in TDRs during the periods were reduced on average from 7.5% to 5.3% and from 7.5% to 5.5%, respectively. For business banking loans, the weighted-average remaining term of all loans modified in TDRs during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011, increased from 0.8 years to 2.0 years and from 1.4 years to 2.5 years, respectively. For all periods presented, principal forgiveness related to auto loans was immaterial.
The balances of business banking loans modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default in the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2011, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification, were $19 million and $64 million, respectively; the corresponding balances of redefaulted auto loans modified in TDRs were insignificant. A payment default is deemed to occur as follows: (1) for scored auto and business banking loans, when the loan is two payments past due; and (2) for risk-rated business banking loans and auto loans, when the borrower has not made a loan payment by its scheduled due date after giving effect to any contractual grace period.
Purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans
For a detailed discussion of PCI loans, including the related accounting policies, see Note 14 on pages 220–238 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Residential real estate – PCI loans
The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s consumer, excluding credit card PCI loans.
 
Home equity
 
Prime mortgage
 
Subprime mortgage
 
Option ARMs
 
Total PCI
(in millions, except ratios)
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
Carrying value(a)
$
23,105

$
24,459

 
$
15,626

$
17,322

 
$
5,072

$
5,398

 
$
23,325

$
25,584

 
$
67,128

$
72,763

Related allowance for loan losses(b)
1,583

1,583

 
1,766

1,766

 
98

98

 
1,494

1,494

 
4,941

4,941

Loan delinquency (based on unpaid principal balance)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current and less than 30 days past due
$
23,450

$
25,783

 
$
12,250

$
13,035

 
$
4,431

$
4,312

 
$
18,116

$
18,672

 
$
58,247

$
61,802

30–149 days past due
1,141

1,348

 
1,056

1,468

 
780

1,020

 
1,551

2,215

 
4,528

6,051

150 or more days past due
1,209

1,181

 
3,376

4,425

 
2,226

2,710

 
7,496

9,904

 
14,307

18,220

Total loans
$
25,800

$
28,312

 
$
16,682

$
18,928

 
$
7,437

$
8,042

 
$
27,163

$
30,791

 
$
77,082

$
86,073

% of 30+ days past due to total loans
9.11
%
8.93
%
 
26.57
%
31.13
%
 
40.42
%
46.38
%
 
33.31
%
39.36
%
 
24.44
%
28.20
%
Current estimated LTV ratios (based on unpaid principal balance)(c)(d)(e)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
$
5,463

$
6,289

 
$
1,996

$
2,400

 
$
451

$
432

 
$
2,211

$
2,681

 
$
10,121

$
11,802

Less than 660
3,329

4,043

 
2,215

2,744

 
1,940

2,129

 
4,630

6,330

 
12,114

15,246

101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
5,569

6,053

 
3,516

3,815

 
429

424

 
4,002

4,292

 
13,516

14,584

Less than 660
2,480

2,696

 
2,620

3,011

 
1,585

1,663

 
4,260

5,005

 
10,945

12,375

80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
3,839

3,995

 
1,852

1,970

 
385

374

 
4,015

4,152

 
10,091

10,491

Less than 660
1,414

1,482

 
1,620

1,857

 
1,302

1,477

 
3,344

3,551

 
7,680

8,367

Lower than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
2,618

2,641

 
1,347

1,443

 
200

186

 
2,357

2,281

 
6,522

6,551

Less than 660
1,088

1,113

 
1,516

1,688

 
1,145

1,357

 
2,344

2,499

 
6,093

6,657

Total unpaid principal balance
$
25,800

$
28,312

 
$
16,682

$
18,928

 
$
7,437

$
8,042

 
$
27,163

$
30,791

 
$
77,082

$
86,073

Geographic region (based on unpaid principal balance)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
California
$
15,522

$
17,012

 
$
9,486

$
10,891

 
$
1,729

$
1,971

 
$
14,111

$
16,130

 
$
40,848

$
46,004

New York
1,208

1,316

 
1,037

1,111

 
716

736

 
1,592

1,703

 
4,553

4,866

Florida
2,374

2,595

 
1,332

1,519

 
845

906

 
3,375

3,916

 
7,926

8,936

Illinois
575

627

 
526

562

 
421

438

 
719

760

 
2,241

2,387

Texas
472

525

 
173

194

 
414

435

 
144

155

 
1,203

1,309

New Jersey
489

540

 
458

486

 
302

316

 
987

1,064

 
2,236

2,406

Arizona
485

539

 
271

359

 
133

165

 
387

528

 
1,276

1,591

Washington
1,406

1,535

 
402

451

 
167

178

 
673

745

 
2,648

2,909

Ohio
33

38

 
83

91

 
116

122

 
115

131

 
347

382

Michigan
84

95

 
246

279

 
192

214

 
285

345

 
807

933

All other
3,152

3,490

 
2,668

2,985

 
2,402

2,561

 
4,775

5,314

 
12,997

14,350

Total unpaid principal balance
$
25,800

$
28,312

 
$
16,682

$
18,928

 
$
7,437

$
8,042

 
$
27,163

$
30,791

 
$
77,082

$
86,073

(a)
Carrying value includes the effect of fair value adjustments that were applied to the consumer PCI portfolio at the date of acquisition.
(b)
Management concluded as part of the Firm’s regular assessment of the PCI loan pools that it was probable that higher expected principal credit losses would result in a decrease in expected cash flows. As a result, an allowance for loan losses for impairment of these pools has been recognized.
(c)
Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models utilizing nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. These property values do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral values; as such, the resulting ratios are necessarily imprecise and should be viewed as estimates. Current estimated combined LTV for junior lien home equity loans considers all available lien positions related to the property.
(d)
Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score obtained by the Firm. The Firm obtains refreshed FICO scores at least quarterly.
(e)
For home equity loans, prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current-period presentation.
Approximately 20% of the PCI home equity portfolio are senior lien loans; the remaining balance are junior lien HELOANs or HELOCs. The following table represents delinquency statistics for junior lien home equity loans based on unpaid principal balance as of September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.
 
 
Delinquencies
 
 
 
 
September 30, 2011 
(in millions, except ratios)
 
30–89 days past due
 
90–149 days past due
 
150+ days past due
 
Total loans
 
Total 30+ day delinquency rate
HELOCs:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Within the revolving period(b)
 
$
525

 
$
293

 
$
506

 
$
18,885

 
7.01
%
Within the required amortization period(c)
 
14

 
6

 
2

 
337

 
6.53

HELOANs
 
56

 
33

 
47

 
1,389

 
9.79

Total
 
$
595

 
$
332

 
$
555

 
$
20,611

 
7.19
%
 
 
Delinquencies
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2010
(in millions, except ratios)
 
30–89 days past due
 
90–149 days past due
 
150+ days past due
 
Total loans
 
Total 30+ day delinquency rate
HELOCs:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Within the revolving period(b)
 
$
601

 
$
404

 
$
428

 
$
21,172

 
6.77
%
Within the required amortization period(c)
 
1

 

 
1

 
37

 
5.41

HELOANs
 
79

 
49

 
46

 
1,573

 
11.06

Total
 
$
681

 
$
453

 
$
475

 
$
22,782

 
7.06
%
(a)
In general, HELOCs are open-ended, revolving loans for a 10-year period, after which time the HELOC converts to a loan with a 20-year amortization period.
(b)
Substantially all undrawn HELOCs within the revolving period have been closed.
(c)
Predominantly all of these loans have been modified to provide a more affordable payment to the borrower.
The table below sets forth the accretable yield activity for the Firm’s PCI consumer loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, and represents the Firm’s estimate of gross interest income expected to be earned over the remaining life of the PCI loan portfolios. This table excludes the cost to fund the PCI portfolios, and therefore does not represent net interest income expected to be earned on these portfolios.
 
Total PCI
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
 Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions, except rates)
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
Beginning balance
$
18,083

$
19,621

 
$
19,097

$
25,544

Accretion into interest income
(685
)
(772
)
 
(2,095
)
(2,445
)
Changes in interest rates on variable-rate loans
(159
)
(57
)
 
(372
)
(784
)
Other changes in expected cash flows(a)
1,213

2,864

 
1,822

(659
)
Balance at September 30
$
18,452

$
21,656

 
$
18,452

$
21,656

Accretable yield percentage
4.31
%
4.20
%
 
4.32
%
4.33
%
(a)
Other changes in expected cash flows may vary from period to period as the Firm continues to refine its cash flow model and periodically updates model assumptions. For the three months ended September 30, 2011, other changes in expected cash flows were predominately driven by the impact of modifications. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, other changes in expected cash flows were largely driven by the impact of modifications, but also related to changes in prepayment assumptions. For the three months ended September 30, 2010, other changes in expected cash flows were principally driven by changes in prepayment assumptions and modeling refinements related to modified loans. For the nine months ended September 30, 2010, other changes in expected cash flows were principally driven by changes in prepayment assumptions, as well as reclassification to the nonaccretable difference. Changes to prepayment assumptions change the expected remaining life of the portfolio, which drives changes in expected future interest cash collections. Such changes do not have a significant impact on the accretable yield percentage.
The factors that most significantly affect estimates of gross cash flows expected to be collected, and accordingly the accretable yield balance, include: (i) changes in the benchmark interest rate indices for variable-rate products such as option ARM and home equity loans; and (ii) changes in prepayment assumptions.
Since the date of acquisition, the decrease in the accretable yield percentage has been primarily related to a decrease in interest rates on variable-rate loans and, to a lesser extent, extended loan liquidation periods. Certain events, such as extended loan liquidation periods, affect the timing of expected cash flows but not the amount of cash expected to be received (i.e., the accretable yield balance). Extended loan liquidation periods reduce the accretable yield percentage because the same accretable yield balance is recognized against a higher-than-expected loan balance over a longer-than-expected period of time.
Credit card loan portfolio
The credit card portfolio segment includes credit card loans originated and purchased by the Firm, including those acquired in the Washington Mutual transaction. Delinquency rates are the primary credit quality indicator for credit card loans. The geographic distribution of the loans provides insight as to the credit quality of the portfolio based on the regional economy. While the borrower’s credit score is a further general indicator of credit quality, because the credit score tends to be a lagging indicator, the Firm does not use credit scores as a primary indicator of credit quality. For more information on credit quality indicators, see Note 14 on pages 220–238 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report. The Firm generally originates new card accounts to prime consumer borrowers. However, certain cardholders’ FICO scores may change over time, depending on the performance of the cardholder and changes in credit score technology.
The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s Credit Card loans.
 
Chase, excluding
Washington Mutual portfolio(c)
 
Washington Mutual
portfolio(c)
 
Total credit card(c)
(in millions, except ratios)
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
Loan delinquency(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
$
112,636

$
117,248

 
$
10,723

$
12,670

 
$
123,359

$
129,918

30–89 days past due and still accruing
1,547

2,092

 
315

459

 
1,862

2,551

90 or more days past due and still accruing
1,487

2,449

 
331

604

 
1,818

3,053

Nonaccrual loans
2

2

 


 
2

2

Total retained loans
$
115,672

$
121,791

 
$
11,369

$
13,733

 
$
127,041

$
135,524

Loan delinquency ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
2.62
%
3.73
%
 
5.68
%
7.74
%
 
2.90
%
4.14
%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans
1.29

2.01

 
2.91

4.40

 
1.43

2.25

Credit card loans by geographic region
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
California
$
14,695

$
15,454

 
$
2,181

$
2,650

 
$
16,876

$
18,104

New York
9,300

9,540

 
861

1,032

 
10,161

10,572

Texas
8,985

9,217

 
841

1,006

 
9,826

10,223

Florida
6,310

6,724

 
951

1,165

 
7,261

7,889

Illinois
6,802

7,077

 
453

542

 
7,255

7,619

New Jersey
4,913

5,070

 
409

494

 
5,322

5,564

Ohio
4,684

5,035

 
330

401

 
5,014

5,436

Pennsylvania
4,194

4,521

 
354

424

 
4,548

4,945

Michigan
3,669

3,956

 
226

273

 
3,895

4,229

Virginia
2,882

3,020

 
245

295

 
3,127

3,315

Georgia
2,625

2,834

 
325

398

 
2,950

3,232

Washington
2,006

2,053

 
369

438

 
2,375

2,491

All other
44,607

47,290

 
3,824

4,615

 
48,431

51,905

Total retained loans
$
115,672

$
121,791

 
$
11,369

$
13,733

 
$
127,041

$
135,524

Percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
83.6
%
80.6
%
 
61.6
%
56.4
%
 
81.5
%
77.9
%
Less than 660
16.4

19.4

 
38.4

43.6

 
18.5

22.1

(a)
The Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance. Under guidance issued by the FFIEC, credit card loans are charged off by the end of the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due or within 60 days from receiving notification about a specified event (e.g., bankruptcy of the borrower), whichever is earlier.
(b)
Refreshed FICO scores are estimated based on a statistically significant random sample of credit card accounts in the credit card portfolio for the period shown. The Firm obtains refreshed FICO scores at least quarterly.
(c)
Includes billed finance charges and fees net of an allowance for uncollectible amounts.
Credit card impaired loans and loan modifications
For a detailed discussion of impaired credit card loans, including credit card loan modifications, see Note 14 on pages 220–238 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The tables below set forth information about the Firm’s impaired credit card loans. All of these loans are considered to be impaired as they have been modified in TDRs.
 
Chase, excluding
Washington Mutual
portfolio
 
Washington Mutual
portfolio
 
Total credit card
(in millions)
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Sep 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
Impaired loans with an allowance(a)(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card loans with modified payment terms(c)
$
5,373

$
6,685

 
$
1,225

$
1,570

 
$
6,598

$
8,255

Modified credit card loans that have reverted to pre-modification payment terms(d)
998

1,439

 
224

311

 
1,222

1,750

Total impaired loans
$
6,371

$
8,124

 
$
1,449

$
1,881

 
$
7,820

$
10,005

Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans
$
2,447

$
3,175

 
$
605

$
894

 
$
3,052

$
4,069

(a)
The carrying value and the unpaid principal balance are the same for credit card impaired loans.
(b)
There were no impaired loans without an allowance.
(c)
Represents credit card loans outstanding to borrowers enrolled in a credit card modification program as of the date presented.
(d)
Represents credit card loans that were modified in TDRs but that have subsequently reverted back to the loans’ pre-modification payment terms. At September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, approximately $804 million and $1.2 billion, respectively, of loans have reverted back to the pre-modification payment terms of the loans due to noncompliance with the terms of the modified loans. Based on the Firm’s historical experience a substantial portion of these loans is expected to be charged-off in accordance with the Firm’s standard charge-off policy. The remaining $418 million and $590 million at September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, of these loans are to borrowers who have successfully completed a short-term modification program. The Firm continues to report these loans as TDRs since the borrowers’ credit lines remain closed.
The following table presents average balances of impaired credit card loans and interest income recognized on those loans.
 
Average impaired loans
 
Interest income on impaired loans(a) 
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
 
Three months ended September 30,
 
Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions)
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
Chase, excluding Washington Mutual portfolio
$
6,629

$
8,743

 
$
7,178

$
8,872

 
$
87

$
123

 
$
282

$
363

Washington Mutual portfolio
1,513

2,002

 
1,651

1,998

 
24

32

 
80

94

Total credit card
$
8,142

$
10,745

 
$
8,829

$
10,870

 
$
111

$
155

 
$
362

$
457

(a)
As permitted by regulatory guidance, credit card loans are generally exempt from being placed on nonaccrual status; accordingly, interest and fees related to credit card loans continue to accrue until the loan is charged off or paid in full. However, the Firm separately establishes an allowance for the estimated uncollectible portion of billed and accrued interest and fee income on credit card loans.
Loan modifications
JPMorgan Chase may offer one of a number of loan modification programs to credit card borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. The Firm has short-term programs for borrowers who may be in need of temporary relief, and long-term programs for borrowers who are experiencing a more fundamental level of financial difficulties. Most of the credit card loans have been modified under long-term programs. Modifications under long-term programs involve placing the customer on a fixed payment plan, generally for 60 months. Modifications under all short- and long-term programs typically include reducing the interest rate on the credit card. Certain borrowers enrolled in a short-term modification program may be given the option to re-enroll in a long-term program. Substantially all modifications are considered to be TDRs.







The following tables provide information regarding the nature and extent of modifications of credit card loans for the periods presented.
New enrollments
 
September 30, 2011
 
Chase, excluding Washington Mutual portfolio
 
Washington Mutual portfolio
 
Total credit card

(in millions)
Short-term programs
 
Long-term programs
 
Short-term programs
 
Long-term programs
 
Short-term programs
 
Long-term programs
Three months ended
$
30

 
$
470

 
$
6

 
$
98

 
$
36

 
$
568

Nine months ended
104

 
1,652

 
20

 
361

 
124

 
2,013


Financial effects of modifications and redefaults
The following tables provide information about the financial effects of the concessions granted on credit card loans modified in TDRs and redefaults for the periods presented.
 
Three months ended September 30, 2011
(in millions, except weighted-average data)
Chase, excluding Washington Mutual portfolio
 
Washington Mutual portfolio
 
Total credit card
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – before TDR
14.79
%
 
21.20
%
 
15.89
%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – after TDR
5.00

 
6.36

 
5.23

Loans that redefaulted within one year of modification (a)
$
125

 
$
29

 
$
154

 
Nine months ended September 30, 2011
(in millions, except weighted-average data)
Chase, excluding Washington Mutual portfolio
 
Washington Mutual portfolio
 
Total credit card
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – before TDR
14.98
%
 
21.51
%
 
16.15
%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – after TDR
4.98

 
6.33

 
5.22

Loans that redefaulted within one year of modification(a)
$
454

 
$
104

 
$
558

(a)
Represents loans modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default in the period presented, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification. The amounts presented represent the balance of such loans as of the end of the quarter in which they defaulted.
For credit card loans modified in TDRs, payment default is deemed to have occurred when the loans become two payments past due. At the time of default, a loan is removed from the modification program and reverts back to its pre-modification terms. Based on historical experience, a substantial portion of these loans are expected to be charged-off in accordance with the Firm’s standard charge-off policy. Also based on historical experience, the estimated weighted-average ultimate default rate for modified credit card loans was 36.22% at September 30, 2011, and 36.45% at December 31, 2010.