10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____________ to ______________

Commission file number 1-41642

Knife River Holding Company

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	92-1008893
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1150 West Century Avenue

P.O. Box 5568

Bismarck, North Dakota 58506-5568

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(701) 530-1400

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	KNF	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☐ No ☒.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☐
Non-Accelerated Filer	☒	Smaller Reporting Company	☐
		Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of May 11, 2023: 1,000 shares.

1

Index
	Page
Definitions	3
Introduction	4
Part I -- Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements	5
Consolidated Statements of Operations -- Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	5
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income -- Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	6
Consolidated Balance Sheets -- March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	7
Consolidated Statements of Equity -- Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	8
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows -- Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	9
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	10
1. Background	10
2. Basis of presentation	10
3. Seasonality of operations	11
4. Receivables and allowance for expected credit losses	12
5. Inventories	12
6. Accumulated other comprehensive loss	13
7. Revenue from contracts with customers	13
8. Uncompleted contracts	14
9. Business combinations	15
10. Goodwill and other intangible assets	15
11. Fair value measurements	16
12. Cash flow information	17
13. Business segment data	18
14. Employee benefit plans	19
15. Contingencies	20
16. Related-party transactions	21
17. Subsequent event	22
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	37
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	37
Part II -- Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	39
Item 1A. Risk Factors	39
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	39
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	39
Item 5. Other Information	39
Item 6. Exhibits	39
Exhibits Index	40
Signatures	41

2

Definitions

The following abbreviations and acronyms used in this Form 10-Q are defined below:

Abbreviation or Acronym
ASC	FASB Accounting Standards Codification
ASU	FASB Accounting Standards Update
Centennial	Centennial Energy Holdings, Inc., a direct wholly owned subsidiary of MDU Resources and the direct parent company of Knife River prior to the spinoff
Company	Knife River
COVID-19	Coronavirus disease 2019
Dodd-Frank Act	Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
EBITDA	Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, depletion and amortization
Exchange Act	Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FASB	Financial Accounting Standards Board
GAAP	Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
Knife River	Knife River Corporation, a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Centennial
Knife River Holding Company	The holding company established in conjunction with the proposed spinoff of Knife River and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of MDU Resources
MDU Resources	MDU Resources Group, Inc., the indirect parent company of Knife River prior to the spinoff
SEC	United States Securities and Exchange Commission
SOFR	Secured Overnight Financing Rate

3

Introduction

Knife River is a leading aggregates-based construction materials and contracting services provider in the United States. The Company's aggregate reserves provide the foundation for its vertically integrated business strategy with approximately 40 percent of its aggregates for the year ended December 31, 2022, being used internally to support value-added downstream products (ready-mix concrete and asphalt) and contracting services (heavy-civil construction, asphalt paving, concrete construction, site development and grading services). The Company provides construction materials and contracting services for both public and private customers and is focused on being the provider of choice in mid-size, high-growth markets. Knife River is committed to continued growth and to delivering for its stakeholders — customers, communities, employees and stockholders — by executing on its four core values: people, safety, quality and the environment.

The Company supplies construction materials and contracting services to customers in 14 states and has broad access to high-quality aggregates in most of its markets, which forms the foundation of its vertically integrated business model. Knife River shares resources, including plants, equipment and people, across its various locations to maximize efficiency, and it transports its products by truck, rail and barge to complete the vertical value chain, depending on the particular market. The Company's strategically located aggregate sites, ready-mix plants and asphalt plants, along with its fleet of ready-mix and dump trucks, enables Knife River to better serve its customers. The Company believes its vertically integrated business model is a strong competitive advantage that provides scale, efficiency and operational excellence for the benefit of customers, stockholders and the broader communities that it serves.

On August 4, 2022, MDU Resources announced that its board of directors approved a plan to pursue the separation of the Company from MDU Resources. The separation will result in two independent, publicly traded companies, MDU Resources Group, Inc. and Knife River Holding Company. On March 10, 2023, Knife River Holding Company filed publicly a draft Registration Statement on Form 10 with the SEC. On May 3, 2023, MDU Resources' board of directors approved the separation and the distribution of approximately 90 percent of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company to MDU Resources' stockholders. Stockholders of MDU Resources will receive one share of the Company's common stock for every four shares of MDU Resources common stock held on May 22, 2023, the record date for the distribution. MDU Resources will retain approximately 10 percent of the Company's common stock immediately following the separation with the intent to dispose of such shares within twelve months after the separation. Prior to completing the separation, MDU Resources may adjust the percentage of the Company's common stock to be distributed to MDU Resources' stockholders and retained by MDU Resources in response to market and other factors. The Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on May 10, 2023, and the separation is expected to be completed on May 31, 2023, subject to certain conditions. The separation of Knife River is planned as a tax-free spinoff transaction to MDU Resources' stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. More information on the separation and distribution, as well as the Company's historical results, can be found within the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10.

Knife River Holding Company was incorporated under the state laws of Delaware in November 2022 for the purposes of holding Knife River in connection with the separation. It is assumed that Knife River Corporation will be a subsidiary of Knife River Holding Company, and Knife River Holding Company will have no other operations. Following the completion of the separation, Knife River Corporation intends to change its name to "KRC Materials, Inc." and Knife River Holding Company intends to change its name to "Knife River Corporation." Its principal executive offices are located at 1150 West Century Avenue, Bismarck, North Dakota 58503, telephone (701) 530-1400.

The Company is organized into six operating regions: Pacific, Northwest, Mountain, North Central, South and Energy Services. These regions are used to determine the Company's reportable segments, which are based on the Company's method of internal reporting and are aligned by key geographic regions due to the production of construction materials and related contracting services following the seasonal nature of the construction industry. Knife River's reportable segments are: Pacific, Northwest, Mountain and North Central, with South and Energy Services included in All Other with its corporate services. The internal reporting of these segments is defined based on the reporting and review process used by the Company's chief executive officer. For more information on the Company's business segments, see Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

Part I -- Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

Knife River Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Revenue:
Construction materials	$	192,917	$	195,698
Contracting services	114,983		114,268
Total revenue	307,900		309,966
Cost of revenue:
Construction materials	194,129		202,858
Contracting services	109,676		105,994
Total cost of revenue	303,805		308,852
Gross profit	4,095		1,114
Selling, general and administrative expenses	48,658		45,719
Operating loss	(44,563)		(44,605)
Interest expense	9,495		5,266
Other income (expense)	826		(1,936)
Loss before income taxes	(53,232)		(51,807)
Income tax benefit	(11,912)		(11,797)
Net loss	$	(41,320)	$	(40,010)
Net loss per share:
Basic	$	(516.50)	$	(500.13)
Diluted	$	(516.50)	$	(500.13)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	80		80
Diluted	80		80

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5

Knife River Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)
	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Net loss	$	(41,320)	$	(40,010)
Other comprehensive income:
Reclassification adjustment for loss on derivative instruments included in net loss, net of tax of $15 and $27 for the three months ended in 2023 and 2022, respectively	46		82
Amortization of postretirement liability losses included in net periodic benefit cost, net of tax of $15 and $71 for the three months ended in 2023 and 2022, respectively	47		221
Other comprehensive income	93		303
Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(41,227)	$	(39,707)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

6

Knife River Corporation
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)
	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets	(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7,218	$	10,090
Receivables, net	174,590		210,157
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts	30,974		31,145
Due from related-party	16,860		16,050
Inventories	373,215		323,277
Prepayments and other current assets	36,301		17,848
Total current assets	639,158		608,567
Noncurrent assets:
Property, plant and equipment	2,512,655		2,489,408
Less accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization	1,195,287		1,174,195
Net property, plant and equipment	1,317,368		1,315,213
Goodwill	274,540		274,540
Other intangible assets, net	12,763		13,430
Operating lease right-of-use assets	43,995		45,873
Investments and other	38,945		36,696
Total noncurrent assets	1,687,611		1,685,752
Total assets	$	2,326,769	$	2,294,319
Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity
Current liabilities:
Long-term debt - current portion	$	211	$	211
Related-party notes payable - current portion	238,000		238,000
Accounts payable	80,380		87,370
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts	37,375		39,843
Accrued compensation	14,010		29,192
Due to related-party	23,521		20,286
Current operating lease liabilities	12,981		13,210
Other accrued liabilities	66,677		88,778
Total current liabilities	473,155		516,890
Noncurrent liabilities:
Long-term debt	359		427
Related-party notes payable	578,060		446,449
Deferred income taxes	175,077		175,804
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	31,013		32,663
Other	94,336		93,497
Total liabilities	1,352,000		1,265,730
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholder's equity:
Common stock, $10 par value; 80,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding	800		800
Other paid-in capital	548,174		549,106
Retained earnings	441,680		494,661
Parent stock held by subsidiary at cost - 538,921 shares	(3,626)		(3,626)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(12,259)		(12,352)
Total stockholder's equity	974,769		1,028,589
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity	$	2,326,769	$	2,294,319

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

7

Knife River Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Equity
(Unaudited)
	Common Stock			Other Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Parent Stock Held by Subsidiary			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount				Total
	(In thousands, except shares)
At December 31, 2022	80,000	$	800	$	549,106	$	494,661	(538,921)	$	(3,626)	$	(12,352)	$	1,028,589
Net loss	—	—		—		(41,320)		—	—		—		(41,320)
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—	—		93		93
Net transfers to Parent	—	—		(932)		(11,661)		—	—		—		(12,593)
At March 31, 2023	80,000	$	800	$	548,174	$	441,680	(538,921)	$	(3,626)	$	(12,259)	$	974,769

	Common Stock			Other Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Parent Stock Held by Subsidiary			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
	Shares	Amount						Shares	Amount				Total
	(In thousands, except shares)
At December 31, 2021	80,000	$	800	$	549,714	$	430,446	(538,921)	$	(3,626)	$	(24,490)	$	952,844
Net loss	—	—		—		(40,010)		—	—		—		(40,010)
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		—	—		303		303
Net transfers to Parent	—	—		(3,099)		(13,003)		—	—		—		(16,102)
At March 31, 2022	80,000	$	800	$	546,615	$	377,433	(538,921)	$	(3,626)	$	(24,187)	$	897,035

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

8

Knife River Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Operating activities:
Net loss	$	(41,320)	$	(40,010)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	29,629		28,350
Deferred income taxes	(757)		(3,389)
Provision for credit losses	428		(253)
Amortization of debt issuance costs	132		101
Employee stock-based compensation costs	453		333
Pension and postretirement benefit plan net periodic benefit cost	298		327
Unrealized (gains) losses on investments	(892)		988
Gains on sales of assets	(2,816)		(1,405)
Changes in current assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Receivables	34,268		10,843
Due from related-party	(810)		4,557
Inventories	(49,938)		(49,479)
Other current assets	(18,391)		(22,683)
Accounts payable	1,880		9,618
Due to related-party	4,588		5,904
Other current liabilities	(36,281)		(20,672)
Pension and postretirement benefit plan contributions	(150)		(103)
Other noncurrent changes	400		810
Net cash used in continuing operations	(79,279)		(76,163)
Investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(42,409)		(40,791)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	—		(524)
Net proceeds from sale or disposition of property and other	3,221		2,558
Investments	(1,566)		(1,501)
Net cash used in investing activities	(40,754)		(40,258)
Financing activities:
Issuance of current related-party notes, net	—		100,000
Issuance of long-term related-party notes, net	131,610		31,681
Repayment of long-term debt	(68)		(116)
Debt issuance costs	(21)		(715)
Net transfers to Parent	(14,360)		(16,286)
Net cash provided by financing activities	117,161		114,564
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(2,872)		(1,857)
Cash and cash equivalents -- beginning of year	10,090		13,848
Cash and cash equivalents -- end of period	$	7,218	$	11,991

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

9

Knife River Corporation

Notes to Consolidated

Financial Statements

March 31, 2023 and 2022

(Unaudited)

Note 1 - Background

On August 4, 2022, MDU Resources announced that its board of directors approved a plan to pursue the separation of the Company from MDU Resources. The separation will result in two independent, publicly traded companies, MDU Resources Group, Inc. and Knife River Holding Company. On March 10, 2023, Knife River Holding Company filed publicly a draft Registration Statement on Form 10 with the SEC. On May 3, 2023, MDU Resources' board of directors approved the separation and the distribution of approximately 90 percent of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company to MDU Resources' stockholders. Stockholders of MDU Resources will receive one share of the Company's common stock for every four shares of MDU Resources common stock held on May 22, 2023, the record date for the distribution. MDU Resources will retain approximately 10 percent of the Company's common stock immediately following the separation with the intent to dispose of such shares within twelve months after the separation. Prior to completing the separation, MDU Resources may adjust the percentage of the Company's common stock to be distributed to MDU Resources' stockholders and retained by MDU Resources in response to market and other factors. The Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on May 10, 2023, and the separation is expected to be completed on May 31, 2023, subject to certain conditions. The separation of Knife River is planned as a tax-free spinoff transaction to MDU Resources' stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. More information on the separation and distribution, as well as the Company's historical results, can be found within the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10.

Until the separation is effective, the Company is the construction materials and contracting segment of MDU Resources. Its operations are located in the western and central regions of the United States. The Company mines, processes and sells construction aggregates (crushed stone and sand and gravel) and produces and sells asphalt and ready-mix concrete. The Company is focused on the vertical integration of its aggregates-based construction materials, which is used to support value-added downstream products and contracting services.

Note 2 - Basis of presentation

The accompanying consolidated interim financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Interim financial statements do not include all disclosures provided in annual financial statements and, accordingly, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Form 10. The information is unaudited but includes adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the accompanying consolidated interim financial statements and are of a normal recurring nature.

Knife River has historically operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of Centennial and an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of MDU Resources and not as a stand-alone company. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and footnotes, which were prepared on a “carve-out” basis in connection with the expected separation, were derived from the consolidated financial statements of MDU Resources as if the Company operated on a stand-alone basis during the periods presented, and were prepared utilizing the legal entity approach in conformity with GAAP.

The Company utilized allocations and carve-out methodologies to prepare its consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements herein may not be indicative of the Company's future performance or actual expenses that would have been incurred as a stand-alone company for the periods presented. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10.

All revenues and costs, as well as assets and liabilities, directly associated with the business activity of the Company are included in the consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements also include expense allocations for certain functions provided by MDU Resources and Centennial, including, but not limited to certain general corporate expenses related to senior management, legal, human resources, finance and accounting, treasury, information technology, communications, procurement, tax, insurance and other shared services. These general corporate expenses are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations within selling, general and administrative expenses. The amounts allocated were $4.6 million and $4.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These expenses have been allocated to the Company on the basis of direct usage when identifiable, with the remainder principally allocated on the basis of percent of total capital invested or other allocation methodologies that are considered to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of the services provided to the benefits received.

Following the separation from MDU Resources, the Company may perform certain functions using its own resources or contracted services. For an interim period following the separation, however, some of these functions will continue to be provided by MDU Resources under a transition services agreement.

10

Historically, Knife River has participated in Centennial’s centralized cash management program, including its overall financing arrangements. Knife River has related-party note agreements in place with Centennial for the financing of its capital needs, which are reflected as related-party notes payable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations reflects the allocation of interest on borrowing and funding associated with the related-party note agreements.

MDU Resources maintains various benefit and stock-based compensation plans at a corporate level while certain defined pension benefit plans are maintained at a subsidiary level. The Company’s employees participate in these aforementioned plans and the costs associated with its employees are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, as well as any net benefit plan assets or obligations.

Management has also evaluated the impact of events occurring after March 31, 2023, up to the date of issuance of these consolidated interim financial statements on May 16, 2023, that would require recognition or disclosure in the Consolidated Financial Statements. For more information on subsequent events, see Note 17.

Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions between the businesses comprising the Company have been eliminated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Related-party transactions between the Company and MDU Resources or Centennial for general operating activities and intercompany debt have been included in the consolidated financial statements. These related-party transactions have historically been settled in cash and are reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as “Due from related-party” or “Due to related-party” with the aggregate net effect reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows within operating activities and “Related-party notes payable” with the aggregate net effect reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows within financing activities.

The aggregate net effect of related-party transactions not settled in cash have been reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets within “Other paid-in capital” and in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as “Net transfers to Parent” in financing activities. See Note 16 for additional information on related-party transactions.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used for items such as long-lived assets and goodwill; fair values of acquired assets and liabilities under the acquisition method of accounting; aggregate reserves; property depreciable lives; tax provisions; revenue recognized using the cost-to-cost measure of progress for contracts; expected credit losses; environmental and other loss contingencies; costs on contracting services contracts; actuarially determined benefit costs; asset retirement obligations; lease classification; present value of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities; and the valuation of stock-based compensation. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events, historical experience, actions that the Company may undertake in the future and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. As additional information becomes available, or actual amounts are determinable, the recorded estimates are revised. Consequently, operating results can be affected by revisions to prior accounting estimates.

New accounting standards

There have been no recent accounting standards that are expected to materially affect the Company.

Note 3 - Seasonality of operations

Some of the Company's operations are seasonal and revenues from, and certain expenses for, such operations may fluctuate significantly among quarterly periods, with lower activity in the winter months and higher activity in the summer months. Accordingly, the interim results for particular segments, and for the Company as a whole, may not be indicative of results for the full fiscal year.

11

Note 4 - Receivables and allowance for expected credit losses

Receivables consist primarily of trade and contracting services contract receivables for the sale of goods and services net of expected credit losses. A majority of the Company's receivables are due in 30 days or less. The total balance of receivables past due 90 days or more was $13.7 million and $11.2 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Receivables were as follows:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Trade receivables	$	100,487	$	104,347
Contracting services contract receivables	52,487		82,428
Retention receivables	27,438		28,859
Receivables, gross	180,412		215,634
Less expected credit loss	5,822		5,477
Receivables, net	$	174,590	$	210,157

The Company's expected credit losses are determined through a review using historical credit loss experience; changes in asset specific characteristics; current conditions; and reasonable and supportable future forecasts, among other specific account data, and is performed at least quarterly. The Company develops and documents its methodology to determine its allowance for expected credit losses. Risk characteristics used by the Company may include customer mix, knowledge of customers and general economic conditions of the various local economies, among others. Specific account balances are written off when management determines the amounts to be uncollectible. Management has reviewed the balance reserved through the allowance for expected credit losses and believes it is reasonable.

Details of the Company's expected credit losses were as follows:

	Pacific		Northwest		Mountain		North Central		All Other		Total
	(In thousands)
At December 31, 2022	$	2,045	$	1,253	$	1,278	$	839	$	62	$	5,477
Current expected credit loss provision	45		313		164		(89)		(1)		432
Less write-offs charged against the allowance	1		68		18		—		—		87
At March 31, 2023	$	2,089	$	1,498	$	1,424	$	750	$	61	$	5,822

	Pacific		Northwest		Mountain		North Central		All Other		Total
	(In thousands)
At December 31, 2021	$	2,052	$	512	$	1,610	$	1,152	$	80	$	5,406
Current expected credit loss provision	1		(125)		(130)		6		(5)		(253)
Less write-offs charged against the allowance	1		20		4		1		1		27
At March 31, 2022	$	2,052	$	367	$	1,476	$	1,157	$	74	$	5,126

Note 5 - Inventories

Inventories on the Consolidated Balance sheets were as follows:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Finished products	$	220,234	$	211,496
Raw materials	114,735		78,571
Supplies and parts	38,246		33,210
Total	$	373,215	$	323,277

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the average cost method. Inventories include production costs incurred as part of the Company's aggregate mining activities. These inventoriable production costs include all mining and processing costs associated with the production of aggregates. Stripping costs incurred during the production phase, which represent costs of removing overburden and waste materials to access mineral deposits, are a component of inventoriable production costs.

12

Note 6 - Accumulated other comprehensive loss

The after-tax changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows:

	Net Unrealized Loss on Derivative  Instruments  Qualifying as Hedges		Postretirement  Liability Adjustment		Total Accumulated  Other Comprehensive  Loss
	(In thousands)
At December 31, 2022	$	(90)	$	(12,262)	$	(12,352)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	46		47		93
Net current-period other comprehensive income	46		47		93
At March 31, 2023	$	(44)	$	(12,215)	$	(12,259)

	Net Unrealized Loss on Derivative  Instruments  Qualifying as Hedges		Postretirement  Liability Adjustment		Total Accumulated  Other Comprehensive  Loss
	(In thousands)
At December 31, 2021	$	(418)	$	(24,072)	$	(24,490)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	82		221		303
Net current-period other comprehensive income	82		221		303
At March 31, 2022	$	(336)	$	(23,851)	$	(24,187)

The following amounts were reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss into net loss. The amounts presented in parenthesis indicate a decrease to net loss on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The reclassifications were as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Location on Consolidated Statements of Operations
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Reclassification adjustment for loss on derivative instruments included in net loss	$	(61)	$	(109)	Interest expense
	15		27		Income taxes
	(46)		(82)
Amortization of postretirement liability losses included in net periodic benefit cost	(62)		(292)		Other income
	15		71		Income taxes
	(47)		(221)
Total reclassifications	$	(93)	$	(303)

Note 7 - Revenue from contracts with customers

Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. Revenue is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company is considered an agent for certain taxes collected from customers. As such, the Company presents revenues net of these taxes at the time of sale to be remitted to governmental authorities, including sales and use taxes.

Disaggregation

In the following tables, revenue is disaggregated by category for each segment. The Company believes this level of disaggregation best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. For more information on the Company’s reportable segments, see Note 13.

Presented in the following tables are the sales of materials to both third parties and internal customers. Due to consolidation requirements, the internal sales revenues must be eliminated against the construction materials product used in downstream materials and contracting services to arrive at the external operating revenues.

13

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	Pacific		Northwest		Mountain		North Central		All Other		Total
	(In thousands)
Aggregates	$	18,697	$	42,573	$	9,667	$	4,020	$	8,564	$	83,521
Ready-mix concrete	26,144		33,905		14,370		12,287		10,063		96,769
Asphalt	1,316		6,927		810		169		4,397		13,619
Other	26,055		2,682		2		1,585		8,269		38,593
Contracting services public-sector	3,971		17,003		28,238		4,526		18,334		72,072
Contracting services private-sector	2,899		25,761		13,445		109		697		42,911
Internal sales	(11,295)		(12,932)		(5,914)		(1,723)		(7,721)		(39,585)
Revenues from contracts with customers	$	67,787	$	115,919	$	60,618	$	20,973	$	42,603	$	307,900

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	Pacific		Northwest		Mountain		North Central		All Other		Total
	(In thousands)
Aggregates	$	19,063	$	33,672	$	9,211	$	4,000	$	11,701	$	77,647
Ready-mix concrete	30,055		36,323		16,170		12,357		13,593		108,498
Asphalt	4,471		8,411		331		46		4,827		18,086
Other	26,890		3,283		5		2,152		5,171		37,501
Contracting services public-sector	9,296		16,911		22,403		5,520		13,043		67,173
Contracting services private-sector	11,722		20,333		14,411		61		568		47,095
Internal sales	(16,148)		(14,142)		(4,062)		(1,312)		(10,370)		(46,034)
Revenues from contracts with customers	$	85,349	$	104,791	$	58,469	$	22,824	$	38,533	$	309,966

Note 8 - Uncompleted contracts

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. The timing of invoicing to customers does not necessarily correlate with the timing of revenues being recognized under the cost-to-cost method of accounting. Contracts from contracting services are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed upon contractual terms. Generally, billing to the customer occurs contemporaneous to revenue recognition. A variance in timing of the billings may result in a contract asset or a contract liability. A contract asset occurs when revenues are recognized under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, which exceeds amounts billed on uncompleted contracts. Such amounts will be billed as standard contract terms allow, usually based on various measures of performance or achievement. A contract liability occurs when there are billings in excess of revenues recognized under the cost-to-cost measure of progress on uncompleted contracts. Contract liabilities decrease as revenue is recognized from the satisfaction of the related performance obligation.

The changes in contract assets and liabilities were as follows:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		Change		Location on Consolidated Balance Sheets
	(In thousands)
Contract assets	$	30,974	$	31,145	$	(171)	Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts
Contract liabilities	(37,375)		(39,843)		2,468		Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts
Net contract liabilities	$	(6,401)	$	(8,698)	$	2,297

The Company recognized $20.3 million in revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023, which was previously included in contract liabilities at December 31, 2022. The Company recognized $20.0 million in revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was previously included in contract liabilities at December 31, 2021.

The Company recognized a net increase in revenues of $3.6 million and $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods.

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Remaining performance obligations

The remaining performance obligations, also referred to as backlog, include unrecognized revenues that the Company reasonably expects to be realized. These unrecognized revenues can include: projects that have a written award, a letter of intent, a notice to proceed, an agreed upon work order to perform work on mutually accepted terms and conditions and change orders or claims to the extent management believes additional contract revenues will be earned and are deemed probable of collection. The majority of the Company's contracts for contracting services have an original duration of less than one year.

At March 31, 2023, the Company's remaining performance obligations were $958.5 million. The Company expects to recognize the following revenue amounts in future periods related to these remaining performance obligations: $863.8 million within the next 12 months or less; $70.8 million within the next 13 to 24 months; and $23.9 million in 25 months or more.

Note 9 - Business combinations

The following acquisition was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805 - Business Combinations. The results of the business combination have been included in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on the acquisition date. Pro forma financial amounts reflecting the effects of the business combination are not presented, because it was not material to the Company's financial position or results of operations.

Acquisitions are also subject to customary adjustments based on, among other things, the amount of cash, debt and working capital in the business as of the closing date. The amounts included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for these adjustments are considered provisional until final settlement has occurred.

The Company had no acquisitions in the three months ended March 31, 2023. In December 2022, the Company's Pacific segment acquired Allied Concrete and Supply Co., a producer of ready-mixed concrete in California. At March 31, 2023, the purchase price allocation was considered preliminary and will be finalized within 12 months of the acquisition date.

The total purchase price for the acquisition that occurred in 2022 was $8.9 million, subject to certain adjustments, with cash acquired totaling $2.8 million. The purchase price includes consideration paid of $1.5 million, a $70,000 holdback liability and 273,153 shares of MDU Resources' common stock with a market value of $8.4 million as of the respective acquisition date. Due to the holding period restriction on the common stock, the share consideration was discounted to a fair value of approximately $7.3 million. The amounts allocated to the aggregated assets acquired and liabilities assumed during 2022 were as follows: $1.7 million to current assets; $5.9 million to property, plant and equipment; $200,000 to goodwill; $100,000 to current liabilities; $500,000 to noncurrent liabilities - other; and $1.2 million to deferred tax liabilities.

Costs incurred for acquisitions are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and were immaterial for both the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Note 10 - Goodwill and other intangible assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

	Balance at January 1, 2023		Goodwill Acquired During the Year		Measurement Period Adjustments		Balance at March 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Pacific	$	38,339	$	—	$	—	$	38,339
Northwest	90,978		—		—		90,978
Mountain	26,816		—		—		26,816
North Central	75,879		—		—		75,879
All Other	42,528		—		—		42,528
Total	$	274,540	$	—	$	—	$	274,540

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Other amortizable intangible assets were as follows:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Customer relationships	$	18,540	$	18,540
Less accumulated amortization	7,801		7,367
	10,739		11,173
Noncompete agreements	4,039		4,039
Less accumulated amortization	3,113		2,985
	926		1,054
Other	2,479		5,279
Less accumulated amortization	1,381		4,076
	1,098		1,203
Total	$	12,763	$	13,430

The previous tables include goodwill and intangible assets associated with the business combination completed during 2022. For more information related to this business combination, see Note 9.

Amortization expense for amortizable intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, was $667,000 and $621,000, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for identifiable intangible assets as of March 31, 2023, was:

	Remainder of 2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter
	(In thousands)
Amortization expense	$	1,826	$	2,361	$	2,084	$	1,782	$	1,759	$	2,951

Note 11 - Fair value measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value ASC establishes a hierarchy for grouping assets and liabilities, based on the significance of inputs. The estimated fair values of the Company's assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis are determined using the market approach.

The Company measures its investments in certain fixed-income and equity securities at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in income. The Company anticipates using these investments, which consist of insurance contracts, to satisfy its obligations as a participant in MDU Resources' unfunded, nonqualified defined benefit and defined contribution plans for the Company's executive officers and certain key management employees, and invests in these fixed-income and equity securities for the purpose of earning investment returns and capital appreciation. These investments, which totaled $22.4 million and $20.1 million, at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, are classified as investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The net unrealized gain on these investments was $827,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The net unrealized loss on these investments was $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The change in fair value, which is considered part of the cost of the plan, is classified in other income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company's assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

	Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2023, Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance at March 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Money market funds	$	—	$	2,472	$	—	$	2,472
Insurance contracts*	—		22,438		—		22,438
Total assets measured at fair value	$	—	$	24,910	$	—	$	24,910

*    The insurance contracts invest approximately 61 percent in fixed-income investments, 15 percent in common stock of large-cap companies, 8 percent in common stock of mid-cap companies, 7 percent in target date investments, 6 percent in common stock of small-cap companies, 2 percent in cash equivalents and 1 percent in international investments.

16

	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022, Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets  (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs  (Level 3)		Balance at December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Money market funds	$	—	$	2,448	$	—	$	2,448
Insurance contracts*	—		20,083		—		20,083
Total assets measured at fair value	$	—	$	22,531	$	—	$	22,531

*    The insurance contracts invest approximately 63 percent in fixed-income investments, 15 percent in common stock of large-cap companies, 8 percent in common stock of mid-cap companies, 6 percent in common stock of small-cap companies, 6 percent in target date investments and 2 percent in cash equivalents.

The Company’s Level 2 money market funds are valued at the net asset value of shares held at the end of the period, based on published market quotations on active markets, or using other known sources including pricing from outside sources. The estimated fair value of the Company’s Level 2 insurance contracts are based on contractual cash surrender values that are determined primarily by investments in managed separate accounts of the insurer. These amounts approximate fair value. The managed separate accounts are valued based on other observable inputs or corroborated market data.

Though the Company believes the methods used to estimate fair value are consistent with those used by other market participants, the use of other methods or assumptions could result in a different estimate of fair value.

The Company applies the provisions of the fair value measurement standard to its nonrecurring, non-financial measurements, including long-lived asset impairments. These assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances. The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets, excluding goodwill, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that such carrying amounts may not be recoverable.

The Company performed fair value assessments of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the business combination that occurred during 2022. The fair value of these assets and liabilities were determined based on Level 2 and Level 3 inputs.

Note 12 - Cash flow information

Cash expenditures for interest and income taxes were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Interest, net	$	7,081	$	704
Income taxes paid, net	$	150	$	5

Noncash investing and financing transactions were as follows:

	March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	1,894	$	2,071
Property, plant and equipment additions in accounts payable	$	2,607	$	4,921

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Note 13 - Business segment data

The Company focuses on the vertical integration of its products and services by offering customers a single-source for construction materials and related contracting services. The Company operates in 14 states across the United States. Its operating segments include: Pacific, Northwest, Mountain, North Central, South and Energy Services. The operating segments are organized by geographic region in the United States due to the cyclical nature of the construction work performed. The Company’s reportable segments are those that are based on the Company’s method of internal reporting and management of the business and are Pacific, Northwest, Mountain and North Central. The South and Energy Services operating segments do not meet the criteria to be reportable segments and, as such, are combined with its corporate services in All Other. Each segment is led by a segment president that reports to the Company’s chief executive officer who is also the Company’s chief operating decision maker. The Company’s chief operating decision maker evaluates the performance of the segments and allocates resources to them based on EBITDA.

All of the reportable segments mine, process and sell construction aggregates (crushed stone and sand and gravel); produce and sell asphalt; and produce and sell ready-mix concrete, as well as vertically integrating its contracting services to support the aggregate-based product lines including heavy-civil construction, asphalt and concrete paving, and site development and grading, and in some segments the manufacturing of prestressed concrete products. Although not common to all locations, All Other includes the sale of cement, production and distribution of modified liquid asphalt, merchandise and other building materials and related services.

The information below follows the same accounting policies as described in the audited financial statements and notes included in the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10. Information on the Company's segments was as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
External operating revenues:
Pacific	$	67,787	$	85,349
Northwest	115,919		104,791
Mountain	60,618		58,469
North Central	20,973		22,824
All Other	42,603		38,533
Total external operating revenues	$	307,900	$	309,966
Intersegment operating revenues:
Pacific	$	11,295	$	16,148
Northwest	12,932		14,142
Mountain	5,914		4,062
North Central	1,723		1,312
All Other	7,721		10,370
Total intersegment operating revenues	$	39,585	$	46,034
EBITDA:
Pacific	$	(3,113)	$	5,433
Northwest	13,138		12,781
Mountain	(6,547)		(8,042)
North Central	(23,567)		(24,269)
All Other	5,981		(4,094)
Total segment EBITDA	$	(14,108)	$	(18,191)

A reconciliation of reportable segment operating revenues to consolidated operating revenues is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Total reportable segment operating revenues	$	297,161	$	307,097
Other operating revenues	50,324		48,903
Elimination of intersegment operating revenues	(39,585)		(46,034)
Total consolidated operating revenues	$	307,900	$	309,966

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A reconciliation of reportable segment EBITDA to consolidated loss before income taxes is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Total EBITDA for reportable segments	$	(20,089)	$	(14,097)
Other EBITDA	5,981		(4,094)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	29,629		28,350
Interest	9,495		5,266
Total consolidated loss before income taxes	$	(53,232)	$	(51,807)

Note 14 - Employee benefit plans

Pension and other postretirement plans

The Company has noncontributory qualified defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans for certain eligible employees and also participates in other postretirement benefit plans of MDU Resources.

Components of net periodic benefit cost for the Company's pension benefit plans were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Interest cost	$	408	$	282
Expected return on assets	(450)		(493)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	128		214
Net periodic benefit cost	$	86	$	3

Components of net periodic benefit cost for the Company's other postretirement benefit plans were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	89	$	131
Interest cost	181		128
Expected return on assets	7		(3)
Amortization of prior service credit	(20)		(20)
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss	(45)		88
Net periodic benefit cost	$	212	$	324

The components of net periodic benefit cost, other than the service cost component, are included in other income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The service cost component is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Note 15 - Contingencies

The Company is party to claims and lawsuits arising out of its business and that of its consolidated subsidiaries, which may include, but are not limited to, matters involving property damage, personal injury, and environmental, contractual and statutory obligations. The Company accrues a liability for those contingencies when the incurrence of a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If a range of amounts can be reasonably estimated and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, then the minimum of the range is accrued. The Company does not accrue liabilities when the likelihood that the liability has been incurred is probable but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated or when the liability is believed to be only reasonably possible or remote. For contingencies where an unfavorable outcome is probable or reasonably possible and which are material, the Company discloses the nature of the contingency and, in some circumstances, an estimate of the possible loss. Accruals are based on the best information available, but in certain situations management is unable to estimate an amount or range of a reasonably possible loss including, but not limited to when: (1) the damages are unsubstantiated or indeterminate, (2) the proceedings are in the early stages, (3) numerous parties are involved, or (4) the matter involves novel or unsettled legal theories.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company accrued contingent liabilities, which have not been discounted, of $2.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company also recorded corresponding insurance receivables of $1.3 million and $325,000, respectively, related to the accrued liabilities. The accruals are for contingencies resulting from litigation and environmental matters. This includes amounts that have been accrued for matters discussed in Environmental matters within this note. Most of these claims and lawsuits are covered by insurance, thus the Company's exposure is typically limited to its deductible amount. The Company will continue to monitor each matter and adjust accruals as might be warranted based on new information and further developments. Management believes that the outcomes with respect to probable and reasonably possible losses in excess of the amounts accrued, net of insurance recoveries, while uncertain, either cannot be estimated or will not have a material effect upon the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Unless otherwise required by GAAP, legal costs are expensed as they are incurred.

Environmental matters

The Company is a party to claims for the cleanup of a superfund site in Portland, Oregon. There were no material changes to the Company's environmental matters that were previously reported in the audited financial statements and notes included in the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10.

Guarantees

Certain subsidiaries of the Company have outstanding guarantees to third parties that guarantee their performance. These guarantees are related to contracts for contracting services, insurance deductibles and loss limits, and certain other guarantees. At March 31, 2023, the fixed maximum amounts guaranteed under these agreements aggregated to $11.5 million, all of which has no scheduled maturity date. Certain of the guarantees also have no fixed maximum amounts specified. There were no amounts outstanding under the previously mentioned guarantees at March 31, 2023. In the event of default under these guarantee obligations, the subsidiary issuing the guarantee for that particular obligation would be required to make payments under its guarantee.

Certain subsidiaries of the Company have outstanding letters of credit to third parties related to insurance policies, cement purchases and other agreements. At March 31, 2023, the fixed maximum amounts guaranteed under these letters of credit aggregated $4.9 million. At March 31, 2023, the amounts of scheduled expiration of the maximum amounts guaranteed under these letters of credit aggregate to $4.6 million in 2023 and $332,000 in 2024. There were no amounts outstanding under the previously mentioned letters of credit at March 31, 2023. In the event of default under these letter of credit obligations, the subsidiary guaranteeing the letter of credit would be obligated for reimbursement of payments made under the letter of credit.

In addition, Centennial has issued guarantees to third parties related to the routine purchase of materials for which no fixed maximum amounts have been specified. These guarantees have no scheduled maturity date. These guarantees include the performance of Centennial's subsidiaries. If a subsidiary, including the Company, were to default under the obligations of the agreement, Centennial would be required to make payments under the guarantee. There were no amounts outstanding as of March 31, 2023.

In the normal course of business, the Company has surety bonds related to contracts for contracting services and reclamation obligations of its subsidiaries. In the event a subsidiary of the Company does not fulfill a bonded obligation, the Company would be responsible to the surety bond company for completion of the bonded contract or obligation. A large portion of the surety bonds is expected to expire within the next 12 months; however, the Company will likely continue to enter into surety bonds for its subsidiaries in the future. At March 31, 2023, approximately $822.7 million of surety bonds were outstanding, which were not reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

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Note 16 - Related-Party Transactions

Allocation of corporate expenses

Centennial and MDU Resources provide expense allocations for corporate services provided to the Company, including costs related to senior management, legal, human resources, finance and accounting, treasury, information technology, communications, procurement, tax, insurance and other shared services. Some of these services will continue to be provided by Centennial and MDU Resources on a temporary basis after the separation is completed under a transition services agreement. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company was allocated $4.6 million and $4.9 million, respectively, for these corporate services. These expenses have been allocated to the Company on the basis of direct usage when identifiable, with the remainder allocated on the basis of percent of total capital invested, the percent of total average commercial paper borrowings at Centennial or other allocation methodologies that are considered to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of the services provided to the benefits received, including the following: Number of employees paid and stated as cost per check; number of employees served; weighted factor of travel, managed units, national account spending, equipment and fleet acquisitions; purchase order dollars spent and purchase order line count; number of payments, vouchers or unclaimed property reports; labor hours; time tracked; and projected workload.

Management believes these cost allocations are a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided to, or the benefit derived by, the Company during the periods presented. The allocations may not, however, be indicative of the actual expenses that would have been incurred had the Company operated as a stand-alone public company. Actual costs that would have been incurred if the Company had been a stand-alone public company would depend on a number of factors, including the chosen organizational structure, whether functions were outsourced or performed by Company employees, and strategic decisions made in areas such as selling and marketing, information technology and infrastructure. See Note 2 for further information.

Cash management and financing

Centennial has a central cash management and financing program in which the Company participates. Through the use of these programs, Centennial is able to more effectively direct and manage the daily cash requirements and financing needs for each wholly owned subsidiaries through the consolidation of all cash activity. As cash is received and disbursed by Centennial, it is accounted for by the Company through related-party receivables and payables. The Company has related-party note agreements in place with Centennial for the financing of its capital needs. Centennial has committed to continue funding the Company through the central cash management and financing program to allow the Company to meet its obligations as they become due for at least one year and a day following the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued. As discussed in Note 2, MDU Resources announced plans to pursue a separation of the Company from MDU Resources. Upon separation, the Company plans to rely on its own credit. Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations reflects the allocation of interest on borrowing and funding related to these note agreements. The Company’s cash that was not included in the central cash management program is classified as cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Related-party notes payable

Centennial enters into short-term and long-term borrowing arrangements for the benefit of certain subsidiaries of the Company. The Company has access to borrowings by participation in Centennial's commercial paper program, as well as a centralized cash management program at Centennial. These borrowings have been included in both current and noncurrent liabilities in related-party notes payable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Related-party short-term and long-term borrowing arrangements were as follows:

	Weighted average interest rate at March 31, 2023		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
			(In thousands)
Centennial's term loan agreements with maturities ranging from September 15, 2023 to December 18, 2023	5.96	%	$	208,000	$	208,000
Centennial's senior notes with maturities ranging from June 27, 2023 to April 4, 2034	4.34	%	410,000		410,000
Borrowing arrangement under Centennial's commercial paper program, supported by Centennial’s credit agreements	6.30	%	165,599		66,449
Credit agreement due on December 19, 2024	8.05	%	32,461		—
Total related-party notes payable			816,060		684,449
Less: current maturities			238,000		238,000
Net related-party notes payable			$	578,060	$	446,449

The amounts of scheduled related-party notes payable maturities for the five years and thereafter following March 31, 2023, aggregate $238.0 million for the remainder of 2023; $198.1 million in 2024; $10.0 million in 2025; $0 in 2026; $65.0 million in 2027 and $305.0 million thereafter.

Certain debt instruments of Centennial, including those discussed below, contain restrictive covenants and cross-default provisions. In order to borrow under the respective credit agreements Centennial and its subsidiaries must be in compliance with the

21

applicable covenants and certain other conditions. In the event Centennial and its subsidiaries do not comply with the applicable covenants and other conditions, alternative sources of funding may need to be pursued.

Centennial's revolving credit agreement contains customary covenants and provisions, including a covenant of Centennial not to permit, as of the end of any fiscal quarter, the ratio of total consolidated debt to total consolidated capitalization to be greater than 65 percent. Other covenants include restricted payments, restrictions on the sale of certain assets, limitations on subsidiary indebtedness, minimum consolidated net worth, limitations on priority debt and the making of certain loans and investments.

Certain of Centennial's financing agreements contain cross-default provisions. These provisions state that if Centennial or any subsidiary of Centennial fails to make any payment with respect to any indebtedness or contingent obligation, in excess of a specified amount, under any agreement that causes such indebtedness to be due prior to its stated maturity or the contingent obligation to become payable, the applicable agreements will be in default.

Related-party transactions

The Company provides contracting services to MDU Resources and affiliated companies. The amount charged for these services was $131,000 and $130,000 as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Related-party transactions that are expected to be settled in cash have been included as related-party receivables or payables in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Related-party transactions that are not expected to be settled in cash have been included within Other paid-in capital in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 2 for further information.

Note 17 - Subsequent event

On April 25, 2023, Knife River Holding Company issued $425.0 million of 7.75 percent senior notes due May 1, 2031, pursuant to an indenture agreement. The proceeds from the issuance of these notes will be held in escrow until the effective date of the Knife River separation, or if the separation does not occur within the time frame specified, released back to the lenders, along with accrued interest.

On May 3, 2023, MDU Resources' board of directors approved the separation and the distribution of approximately 90 percent of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company to MDU Resources' stockholders. Stockholders of MDU Resources will receive one share of the Company's common stock for every four shares of MDU Resources' common stock held on May 22, 2023, the record date for the distribution. MDU Resources will retain approximately 10 percent of the Company's common stock immediately following the separation with the intent to dispose of such shares within twelve months after the separation. Prior to completing the separation, MDU Resources may adjust the percentage of the Company's common stock to be distributed to MDU Resources' stockholders and retained by MDU Resources in response to market and other factors. On May 10, 2023, the SEC declared the Registration Statement for Knife River Holding Company effective. The separation is expected to be complete on May 31, 2023, subject to certain conditions.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Knife River is a people-first construction materials and contracting company. The Company provides construction materials and contracting services to build safe roads, bridges and airport runways that connect people with where they want to go and with the supplies they need. Knife River also champions a positive workplace culture by focusing on safety, training, inclusion, compensation and work-life balance, and focuses on sustainable business practices for the benefit of its team, its stockholders and the public.

Knife River is one of the leading providers of crushed stone and sand and gravel in the United States and operates through six operating regions: Pacific, Northwest, Mountain, North Central, South and Energy Services, with operations across 14 states. These regions are used to determine the Company's reportable segments and are based on the Company's method of internal reporting and management of the business. The Company's reportable segments are: Pacific, Northwest, Mountain, and North Central, with South and Energy Services included in All Other with its corporate services. The segments primarily provide aggregates, asphalt and ready-mix concrete, as well as supporting contracting services such as heavy-civil construction, asphalt paving, concrete delivery and paving, site development and grading.

As a leading aggregates-based construction materials and contracting services provider in the United States, the Company's 1.1 billion tons of aggregate reserves provide the foundation for a vertically integrated business strategy with approximately 40 percent of its aggregates for the year ended December 31, 2022, being used internally to support value-added downstream products (ready-mix concrete and asphalt) and contracting services (heavy-civil construction, asphalt paving, concrete construction, site development and grading services, and in some segments the manufacturing of prestressed concrete products). Its aggregate sites and associated asphalt and ready-mix plants are in strategic locations near growth markets, providing Knife River with a transportation advantage for its materials that enables it to maintain competitive pricing and ultimately increase its margins. Knife River provides its products and services to both public and private markets, with public markets tending to be more stable, which helps to offset the cyclical nature of the private markets.

Each segment provides various products and services and operates various facility types, including aggregate quarries and mines, ready-mix concrete plants, asphalt plants and distribution facilities. Each segment operates in the following states:

•Pacific: Alaska, California and Hawaii

•Northwest: Oregon and Washington

•Mountain: Idaho, Montana and Wyoming

•North Central: Iowa, Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota

•All Other: Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming

The following table presents a summary of products and services provided, as well as modes of transporting those products, by each segment:

	Product and services							Modes of transportation
					Precast/
			Ready-mix	Construction	prestressed	Liquid		Heavy
	Aggregates	Asphalt	concrete	services	concrete	asphalt	Cement	equipment	Trucking	Rail	Barge
Pacific	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Northwest	X	X	X	X	X			X	X	X	X
Mountain	X	X	X	X				X	X
North Central	X	X	X	X	X			X	X	X
All Other	X	X	X	X		X		X	X	X	X

The Separation

On August 4, 2022, MDU Resources announced that its board of directors approved a plan to pursue the separation of the Company from MDU Resources. The separation will result in two independent, publicly traded companies, MDU Resources Group, Inc. and Knife River Holding Company. On March 10, 2023, Knife River Holding Company filed publicly a draft Registration Statement on Form 10 with the SEC. On May 3, 2023, MDU Resources' board of directors approved the separation and the distribution of approximately 90 percent of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company to MDU Resources' stockholders. Stockholders of MDU Resources will receive one share of the Company's common stock for every four shares of MDU Resources common stock held on May 22, 2023, the record date for the distribution. MDU Resources will retain approximately 10 percent of the Company's common stock immediately following the separation with the intent to dispose of such shares within twelve months after the separation. Prior to completing the separation, MDU Resources may adjust the percentage of the Company's common stock to be distributed to MDU Resources' stockholders and retained by MDU Resources in response to market and other factors. The Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on May 10, 2023, and the separation is expected to be completed on May 31, 2023, subject to certain conditions. The separation of Knife River is planned as a tax-free spinoff transaction to MDU Resources' stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. More information on the separation and distribution, as well as the Company's historical results, can be found within the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10.

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Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements are all statements other than statements of historical fact, including without limitation those statements that are identified by the words "anticipates," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "plans," "predicts" and similar expressions, and include statements concerning plans, trends, objectives, goals, strategies, future events, including the separation of Knife River, or performance, and underlying assumptions (many of which are based, in turn, upon further assumptions) and other statements that are other than statements of historical facts. From time to time, the Company may publish or otherwise make available forward-looking statements of this nature, including statements contained within Business Segment Financial and Operating Data.

Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed. The Company's expectations, beliefs and projections are expressed in good faith and are believed by the Company to have a reasonable basis, including without limitation, management's examination of historical operating trends, data contained in the Company's records and other data available from third parties. Nonetheless, the Company's expectations, beliefs or projections may not be achieved or accomplished and changes in such assumptions and factors could cause actual future results to differ materially.

Any forward-looking statement contained in this document speaks only as of the date on which the statement is made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all the factors, nor can it assess the effect of each factor on the Company's business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. All forward-looking statements, whether written or oral and whether made by or on behalf of the Company, are expressly qualified by the risk factors and cautionary statements reported in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors in this quarterly report, Risk Factors in the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10 and subsequent filings with the SEC.

Basis of Presentation

Knife River has historically operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of Centennial and an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of MDU Resources and not as a stand-alone company. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and footnotes, which were prepared on a “carve-out” basis in connection with the expected separation, were derived from the consolidated financial statements of MDU Resources as if the Company operated on a stand-alone basis during the periods presented, and were prepared utilizing the legal entity approach in conformity with GAAP. For additional information related to the basis of presentation, see Note 2.

Historically, Knife River has participated in Centennial’s centralized cash management program, including its overall financing arrangements. Knife River has related-party note agreements in place with Centennial for the financing of its capital needs, which are reflected as related-party notes payable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations reflect the allocation of interest on borrowing and funding associated with the related-party note agreements.

All intercompany balances and transactions between the businesses comprising Knife River have been eliminated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

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Market Conditions and Outlook

Knife River’s markets remain resilient and construction activity remains generally strong despite general and economic challenges, such as transportation disruptions, supply chain constraints and rising interest rates. With approximately 80 percent of the contracting revenue from public-sector projects, Knife River is able to balance the cyclical nature of its private-sector customers. Knife River's margins may, however, be negatively impacted by increased costs resulting from inflationary pressures in the market. For more information on inflationary pressures, see the section entitled "Risk Factors" in the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10.

Backlog. There continues to be high demand for Knife River’s contracting services as evidenced by its backlog. Knife River's backlog for its contracting services remains strong with record first quarter backlog as it begins to enter its peak construction season.

	March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022		December 31, 2022
	(In millions)
Pacific	$	75.1	$	69.9	$	72.2
Northwest	250.5		120.9		210.7
Mountain	366.1		263.9		313.5
North Central	209.4		239.4		147.3
All Other	57.4		83.9		75.2
	$	958.5	$	778.0	$	818.9

Margins on backlog at March 31, 2023, are higher than the margins on backlog at March 31, 2022, and comparable to margins on backlog at December 31, 2022. A significant portion of the Company's backlog relates to publicly funded projects, including street and highway construction projects, which are driven primarily by public works projects for state departments of transportation. Period over period increases or decreases cannot be used as an indicator of future revenues or net income. While the Company believes the current backlog of work remains firm, prolonged delays in the receipts of critical supplies and materials or continued increases to pricing could result in customers seeking to delay or terminate existing or pending agreements. See the section entitled “Risk Factors” in the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10 for a list of factors that can cause revenues to be realized in periods and at levels that are different from originally projected.

Public Funding. Funding for public projects is dependent on federal and state funding, such as appropriations to the Federal Highway Administration. The American Rescue Plan Act enacted in the first quarter of 2021 provides $1.9 trillion in COVID-19 relief funding for states, schools and local governments. States are beginning to move forward with allocating these funds based on federal criteria and state needs, and in some cases, funding of infrastructure projects could positively impact Knife River. Additionally, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act was enacted in the fourth quarter of 2021 and is providing long-term opportunities by designating $119 billion for the repair and rebuilding of roads and bridges across Knife River’s footprint. In addition, the Inflation Reduction Act provides $369 billion in new funding for clean energy programs. These programs include new tax incentives for solar, battery storage and hydrogen development along with funding to expand the production of electric vehicles and build out the infrastructure to support electric vehicles. In addition to federal funding, 11 out of the 14 states in which Knife River operates have implemented new funding mechanisms for public projects, including projects related to highways, airports and other public infrastructure. Knife River continues to monitor the implementation and impact of these legislative items.

Profitability. Knife River’s management continually monitors its operating margins and has been proactive in applying strategies to address the inflationary impacts seen across the United States. The Company has increased its product pricing in each region and continues to implement cost savings initiatives to mitigate the effects of inflation on its gross margin. Due to existing contractual provisions, there can be a lag between the announced price increases and the time when they are fully recognized. The Company continues to evaluate future price increases on a regular cadence to help maintain and increase margins to stay ahead of inflationary pressures and enhance stockholder value.

Knife River operates in geographically diverse and competitive markets yet strives to maximize efficiencies, including transportation costs and economies of scale, to maintain strong margins. Its margins can experience negative pressure from competition, as well as impacts from the volatility in the cost of raw materials, such as diesel fuel, gasoline, natural gas, liquid asphalt, cement and steel, with fuel and liquid asphalt costs having the most significant impact on results. Such volatility and inflationary pressures may continue to have an impact on the Company’s margins, including fixed-price contracting services contracts that are particularly vulnerable to the volatility of energy and material prices. These increases are partially offset by mitigation measures implemented by the Company including price increases, escalation clauses in construction services contracts, pre-purchased materials and other cost savings initiatives. While the Company has experienced some supply-chain constraints, it continues to have good relationships with its suppliers and has not experienced any material adverse impacts of shortages or delays on materials.

Knife River's operations can also be significantly impacted by both favorable and unfavorable weather conditions. Unseasonably wet and/or cold weather in the states it operates in can delay the start to construction season or cause temporary delays on specific projects, while unseasonably dry or warm weather in the states it operates in can allow for an early start to construction season or allow for early completions on specific projects. Either of these conditions can impact both its construction materials sales and

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contracting services revenues. In early 2023, the western part of the United States had near record levels of precipitation, which negatively impacted results for various segments. Other variables that can impact Knife River’s margins include the timing of project starts or completions, and declines or delays in new and existing projects due to the cyclical nature of the construction industry. Accordingly, operating results in any particular period may not be indicative of the results that can be expected for any other period.

Workforce. As a people-first company, Knife River continually takes steps to address the challenge of recruitment and retention of employees. To help attract new workers to the construction industry and enhance the skills of its current employees, Knife River has constructed and operates a state-of-the-art training facility. The training facility offers hands-on training for construction-related careers, including heavy-equipment operators and truck drivers in addition to safety and leadership training. In October 2022, the training center was presented with the Liberty Mutual Risk Management Excellence Award for its commitment to safety. As an accredited school able to train people to get their commercial driver’s license, the new training facility is helping to address some of the recent labor shortages and trends.

Today’s labor market includes an aging workforce and labor shortages, including shortages of truck drivers, which has caused increased labor-related costs. Knife River continues to monitor the labor markets and assess additional opportunities to enhance and support its workforce. Despite these efforts, Knife River expects labor costs to continue to increase based on the increased demand for services and, to a lesser extent, the recent escalated inflationary environment in the United States.

Consolidated Overview

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In millions)
Revenue	$	307.9	$	310.0
Cost of revenue	303.8		308.9
Gross profit	4.1		1.1
Selling, general and administrative expenses	48.7		45.7
Operating loss	(44.6)		(44.6)
Interest expense	9.5		5.2
Other income (expense)	.9		(2.0)
Loss before income taxes	(53.2)		(51.8)
Income tax benefit	(11.9)		(11.8)
Net loss	$	(41.3)	$	(40.0)
EBITDA*	$	(14.1)	$	(18.2)
Adjusted EBITDA*	$	(13.7)	$	(16.0)

*EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are non-GAAP financial measures. For more information and reconciliations to the nearest GAAP measures, see the section entitled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

Revenue includes revenue from construction materials sales and contracting services. Revenue for construction materials is recognized at a point in time when delivery of the products has taken place. Contracting revenue is recognized over time using an input method based on the cost-to-cost measure of progress on a project.

Cost of revenue includes all material, labor and overhead costs incurred in the production process for Knife River's products and services. These costs are impacted by various drivers, the most significant of which include changes in raw materials costs, energy costs and salary and benefits costs. Cost of revenue also includes depreciation, depletion and amortization attributable to the assets used in the production process.

Gross profit includes revenue less cost of revenue, as defined above, and is the difference between revenue and the cost of making a product or providing a service, before deducting selling, general and administrative expenses, income taxes and interest payments.

Selling, general and administrative expenses include the costs for estimating, bidding and business development, as well as costs related to corporate functions. Selling expenses can vary depending on the volume of projects in process and the number of employees assigned to estimating and bidding activities. Other general and administrative expenses include travel and entertainment, outside services, information technology, depreciation and amortization, training, office supplies, allowance for expected credit losses, gains or losses on the sale of assets and other miscellaneous expenses.

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Other income (expense) includes net periodic benefit costs for the Company’s benefit plan expenses, other than service costs; interest income; unrealized gains and losses on investments for the Company’s nonqualified benefit plans; earnings or losses on joint venture arrangements; and other miscellaneous income or expenses.

Income tax expense (benefit) consists of domestic corporate income taxes related to the sale of the Company's products and services. The effective tax rate can be affected by many factors, including changes in tax laws, regulations or rates, new interpretations of existing laws or regulations and changes to the Company's overall levels of income before tax.

The discussion that follows focuses on the key financial measures the Company uses to evaluate the performance of its business, which include revenue, gross profit, gross margin, EBITDA and EBITDA margin. Gross margin is calculated by dividing gross profit by revenue. Gross margin reflects the percentage of revenue earned in comparison to cost. EBITDA and EBITDA margin are non-GAAP financial measures. For more information and reconciliations to the nearest GAAP measures, see the section entitled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

The following tables summarize operating results for the Company.

	Revenues				Gross profit				EBITDA*
Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
	(In millions)
Pacific	$	67.8	$	85.3	$	1.8	$	8.3	$	(3.1)	$	5.4
Northwest	115.9		105.5		15.7		14.0		13.2		12.8
Mountain	60.6		58.5		(5.8)		(5.8)		(6.6)		(8.1)
North Central	21.0		22.8		(20.2)		(21.1)		(23.6)		(24.3)
All Other	44.0		39.9		12.6		5.7		6.0		(4.0)
Intersegment eliminations	(1.4)		(2.0)		—		—		—		—
	$	307.9	$	310.0	$	4.1	$	1.1	$	(14.1)	$	(18.2)

*EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. For more information and a reconciliation to the nearest GAAP measure, see the section entitled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

	Revenues				Gross margin
Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022		2023	2022
	(In millions)
Aggregates	$	83.5	$	77.6	2.8%	.5%
Ready-mix concrete	96.8		108.5		9.0%	8.6%
Asphalt	13.6		18.1		(43.8)%	(28.9)%
Other*	38.6		37.5		(16.3)%	(31.0)%
Contracting services	115.0		114.3		4.6%	7.2%
Internal sales	(39.6)		(46.0)		—%	—%
	$	307.9	$	310.0	1.3%	.4%

*Other includes cement, liquid asphalt, merchandise, fabric and spreading, and other products and services that individually are not considered to be a major line of business for the segment.

Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022
Sales (thousands):
Aggregates (tons)	4,868		4,970
Ready-mix concrete (cubic yards)	561		734
Asphalt (tons)	179		316
Average selling price:*
Aggregates (per ton)	$	17.16	$	15.62
Ready-mix concrete (per cubic yard)	$	172.64	$	147.89
Asphalt (per ton)	$	76.07	$	57.21

*The average selling price includes freight and delivery and other revenues.

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2023, Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

Revenue

Revenue decreased $2.1 million, due in large part to unfavorable weather conditions in many states of operation as compared to 2022. Sales volumes decreased $42.1 million for ready-mix concrete, asphalt and aggregates, which is primarily attributed to unfavorable weather in the Pacific and North Central segments, as well as to some impacts to ready-mix and asphalt sales volumes in the Northwest segment also due to unfavorable weather. Partially offsetting these decreases were higher average selling prices across most product lines of nearly $33.0 million, largely in response to inflationary pressures, as previously discussed. In addition, contracting services revenues increased slightly due to more available work in certain segments being mostly offset by delays in the Pacific segment due to unfavorable weather.

Gross profit and gross margin

Gross profit increased by $3.0 million, and gross margin increased 0.9 percent, primarily due to higher average selling prices implemented in response to inflationary pressures across all product lines and cost savings initiatives, partially offset by cement, labor, natural gas and diesel costs which increased year over year on a cost-per-unit basis due to inflation. Gross profit was also impacted by unfavorable weather in certain segments, as previously discussed.

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $3.0 million, largely resulting from higher payroll-related costs of $3.9 million, primarily due to inflationary pressures, offset in part by decreased health care costs of $3.1 million as result of a change to the healthcare plan in preparation for the separation that impacted the timing of expense recognition. In addition, one-time costs of $800,000 incurred as part of the spinoff transaction; increased expected credit losses of $700,000 associated with an increase in receivable balances over 90 days and the absence of bad debt recoveries in 2022; and increased other costs related to corporate costs, insurance and safety training had a negative impact to selling, general and administrative expenses. These increases were offset in part by higher net gains on asset sales of $1.4 million.

Interest expense

Interest expense increased $4.3 million as a direct result of higher average interest rates.

Other income (expense)

Other income (expense) increased $2.9 million due to higher returns on the Company's nonqualified benefit plan investments, as discussed in Note 11.

Income tax benefit

Income tax benefit was comparable to the same period in the prior year.

Business Segment Financial and Operating Data

A discussion of key financial data from Knife River’s business segments follows. This discussion is focused on the key financial measures the Company uses to evaluate the performance of its business from a segment level, which include revenue, gross profit, gross margin, EBITDA and EBITDA margin. Knife River focuses on gross margin, which is defined as gross profit as a percent of net revenue, as a key metric when assessing the performance of the business as management believes that analyzing changes in costs in relation to changes in revenue provides more meaningful insight into the results of operations than examining costs in isolation. EBITDA and EBITDA margin are non-GAAP financial measures. For more information and reconciliations to the nearest GAAP measure, see the section entitled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

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Results of Operations - Pacific

Three months ended March 31,	2023		2022		Variance
	(Dollars in millions)
Revenue	$	67.8	$	85.3	(21)%
Gross profit	$	1.8	$	8.3	(78)%
Gross margin	2.6%		9.8%
EBITDA	$	(3.1)	$	5.4	(157)%
EBITDA margin	(4.6)%		6.4%

Three months ended March 31,	2023		2022
	(In millions)
Revenues:
Aggregates	$	18.7	$	19.1
Ready-mix concrete	26.2		30.0
Asphalt	1.3		4.5
Other*	26.0		26.9
Contracting services	6.9		21.0
Internal sales	(11.3)		(16.2)
	$	67.8	$	85.3

*Other includes cement, liquid asphalt, merchandise, fabric and spreading, and other products that individually are not considered to be a major line of business for the segment.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023, Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

Revenue

Revenue decreased $17.5 million as the segment experienced wet weather conditions in California. Certain areas in Northern California experienced precipitation rates that were four to five times higher during the first three months of 2023 compared to the drought conditions experienced during the same timeframe in 2022. These weather conditions prevented the Company from executing on contracting services projects, including asphalt paving work, and affected demand for products resulting in a decrease in sales volumes of $17.9 million across most of its product lines. Partially offsetting the decreased revenues were the impacts from increased pricing across all product lines of $9.8 million in response to recent inflationary pressures.

Gross profit and gross margin

Gross profit decreased $6.5 million and gross margin decreased 7.2 percent. The decrease in gross profit was across most product lines, as well as contracting services, as a result of the wet weather conditions in California, as previously discussed. In addition, the segment experienced higher utility and labor-related costs, which increased year over year on a cost-per-unit basis due to inflation.

EBITDA and EBITDA margin

EBITDA decreased $8.5 million and EBITDA margin decreased 11.0 percent. These decreases were the direct result of the previously discussed lower gross margin, as well as higher selling, general and administrative costs. The increase in selling, general and administrative costs includes higher payroll-related costs of $800,000; decreased recovery of bad debt of $200,000; higher professional services; and an increase in overhead expenses.

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Results of Operations - Northwest

Three months ended March 31,	2023		2022		Variance
	(Dollars in millions)
Revenue	$	115.9	$	105.5	10%
Gross profit	$	15.7	$	14.0	12%
Gross margin	13.6%		13.3%
EBITDA	$	13.2	$	12.8	3%
EBITDA margin	11.3%		12.1%

Three months ended March 31,	2023		2022
	(In millions)
Revenues:
Aggregates	$	42.6	$	33.6
Ready-mix concrete	33.9		36.3
Asphalt	6.9		8.5
Other*	2.7		3.3
Contracting services	42.8		37.2
Internal sales	(13.0)		(13.4)
	$	115.9	$	105.5

*Other includes merchandise, transportation services and other products that individually are not considered to be a major line of business for the segment.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023, Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

Revenue

Revenue increased $10.4 million, largely the result of higher average selling prices implemented in response to inflationary pressures on all product lines of $12.6 million and higher contracting services revenues of $5.6 million. Contracting service work benefited from more available early season work than the previous year, including railroad, data center, parking garage, and agency work. Higher aggregate volumes of $2.1 million, largely from strong data center, commercial and residential demand in the northern Oregon market, also contributed to the increase. Partially offsetting the increases were decreased ready-mix concrete volumes of $5.8 million and asphalt volumes of $3.8 million, due in part to the absence of impact projects in 2023, colder temperatures and decreased demand for agency and residential work.

Gross profit and gross margin

Gross profit increased $1.7 million and gross margin increased 0.3 percent as a result of higher aggregates margins of $2.9 million due to higher average selling prices and product mix. Partially offsetting the increase was lower ready-mix concrete and asphalt margins of $600,000 each due to lower sales volumes and higher per unit costs, including fuel and labor costs. In addition, contracting services margin decreased primarily due to higher indirect and facility maintenance costs.

EBITDA and EBITDA margin

EBITDA increased $400,000, primarily the result of the increased gross profit previously discussed and the offset of higher depreciation expense of $600,000 included in gross profit. EBITDA margin decreased 0.8 percent, largely caused by higher selling, general and administrative expenses of $2.0 million resulting from higher labor-related costs and lower asset sales gains of $700,000.

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Results of Operations - Mountain

Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022		Variance
	(Dollars in millions)
Revenue	$	60.6	$	58.5	4%
Gross profit	$	(5.8)	$	(5.8)	—%
Gross margin	(9.6)%		(9.9)%
EBITDA	$	(6.6)	$	(8.1)	19%
EBITDA margin	(10.8)%		(13.8)%

Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022
	(In millions)
Revenues:
Aggregates	$	9.6	$	9.2
Ready-mix concrete	14.4		16.2
Asphalt	.8		.3
Contracting services	41.7		36.8
Internal sales	(5.9)		(4.0)
	$	60.6	$	58.5

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023, Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

Revenue

Revenue increased $2.1 million, primarily the result of higher contracting services revenues. Favorable weather and strong construction demand in Idaho contributed to a higher volume of work, which also had a positive impact on aggregates sales volume. Ready-mix concrete experienced $3.9 million in higher average selling prices implemented in response to inflationary pressures and asphalt volumes increased by $400,000 as a result of the ability to run a plant earlier in the year due to favorable weather. Partially offsetting the increase were decreased ready-mix concrete volumes of $5.7 million, largely resulting from unfavorable weather conditions, as well as unusually strong results in the first quarter of 2022.

Gross profit and gross margin

Gross profit and gross margin remained flat for the quarter. Increased margins as a result of higher average selling prices for ready-mix concrete and asphalt were offset by higher repair and maintenance and mobilization costs.

EBITDA and EBITDA margin

EBITDA increased $1.5 million and EBITDA margin increased 3.0 percent. The increase in EBITDA and EBITDA margin were the direct result of higher land sales gains in Wyoming and Montana.

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Results of Operations - North Central

Three months ended March 31,	2023		2022		Variance
	(Dollars in millions)
Revenue	$	21.0	$	22.8	(8)%
Gross profit	$	(20.2)	$	(21.1)	4%
Gross margin	(96.2)%		(92.3)%
EBITDA	$	(23.6)	$	(24.3)	3%
EBITDA margin	(112.3)%		(106.3)%

Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022
	(In millions)
Revenues:
Aggregates	$	4.0	$	4.0
Ready-mix concrete	12.3		12.4
Asphalt	.2		—
Other*	1.6		2.1
Contracting services	4.6		5.6
Internal sales	(1.7)		(1.3)
	$	21.0	$	22.8

*Other includes merchandise and other products that individually are not considered to be a major line of business for the segment.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023, Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

Revenue

Revenue decreased $1.8 million, as the segment experienced unfavorable weather conditions across most of its areas of operation. Certain areas in Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota experienced precipitation rates that were two to three times higher during the first three months of 2023 compared to the same timeframe in 2022. These weather conditions affected demand for products and resulted in a decrease in sales volumes of $3.9 million for ready-mix concrete and aggregates. Contracting services revenue decreased as a result of less subcontractor work on-going this year compared to 2022. Higher average selling prices across all product lines of $3.9 million, largely in response to inflationary pressures, were offset by the decreased volumes previously mentioned.

Gross profit and gross margin

Gross profit increased $900,000, largely due to higher average selling prices implemented in response to inflationary pressures. Gross margin decreased 3.9 percent primarily due to the decreased revenue previously discussed.

EBITDA and EBITDA margin

EBITDA increased $700,000, largely due to higher average selling prices as previously mentioned. EBITDA margin decreased 6.0 percent in direct relation to the decreased gross margin previously discussed.

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Results of Operations - All Other

Three months ended March 31,	2023		2022		Variance
	(Dollars in millions)
Revenue	$	44.0	$	39.9	10%
Gross profit	$	12.6	$	5.7	121%
Gross margin	28.8%		14.1%
EBITDA	$	6.0	$	(4.0)	250%
EBITDA margin	13.6%		(10.3)%

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

Revenue

Revenue increased $4.1 million, primarily the result of higher contracting services revenue of $5.4 million as a result of favorable weather conditions in the South operating segment and higher liquid asphalt volumes of $3.2 million. In addition, the South operating segment implemented higher average selling prices across all product lines of $5.0 million, primarily in response to inflationary pressures. Partially offsetting the increase was decreased ready-mix concrete and aggregates sales volumes of $6.8 million due to a partial sale of non-strategic assets in southeast Texas. In addition, asphalt sales volumes decreased $2.1 million related to lower demand for asphalt paving work in Texas.

Gross profit and gross margin

Gross profit increased $6.9 million and gross margin increased 14.7 percent, partially resulting from higher liquid asphalt gross profit of $1.7 million due to the higher volumes previously discussed. In the South operating segment, higher average selling prices in response to recent inflationary pressures had a positive impact on ready-mix concrete and asphalt margins of approximately 9 percent. In addition, higher burner fuel gross profit of $1.2 million due to lower tank cleaning and maintenance costs in 2023 had a positive impact on gross margin.

EBITDA and EBITDA margin

EBITDA increased $10.0 million and EBITDA margin increased 23.9 percent. The increase in EBITDA margin was the direct result of increased gross margin previously discussed and higher returns on the Company's nonqualified benefit plan investments of $2.8 million.

Intersegment Transactions

Amounts presented in the preceding tables will not agree with the consolidated statements of income or Note 13 due to Knife River’s elimination of intersegment transactions. The amounts related to these items were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In millions)
Intersegment transactions:
Revenue	$	1.4	$	2.0
Cost of revenue	$	1.4	$	2.0

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At March 31, 2023, Knife River had cash and cash equivalents of $7.2 million and working capital of $166.0 million. Working capital is calculated as current assets less current liabilities. Historically, Knife River has participated in Centennial’s centralized cash management program, including its overall financing arrangements. Subsequent to the completion of the separation, Knife River’s cash management, capital structure and liquidity sources will change significantly. Knife River will implement its own centralized cash management model and intends to use cash on hand and third-party credit facilities to fund day-to-day operations.

Given the seasonality of its business, the Company typically experiences significant fluctuations in working capital needs and balances throughout the year. Working capital requirements generally increase in the first half of the year as the Company builds up inventory and focuses on repair and maintenance and other start-up costs for its construction season. Working capital levels then decrease as the construction season winds down and the Company collects on receivables.

Knife River’s ability to fund its cash needs will depend on the ongoing ability to generate cash from operations and obtain debt financing with competitive rates. Knife River relies on access to capital markets as sources of liquidity for capital requirements not satisfied by cash flows from operations, particularly in the first half of the year due to the seasonal nature of the industry. Knife River’s principal uses of cash in the future will be to fund its operations, working capital needs, capital expenditures, repayment of debt and strategic business development transactions.

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On April 25, 2023, Knife River Holding Company issued $425.0 million of 7.75 percent senior notes due May 1, 2031, pursuant to an indenture. The proceeds from the issuance will be held in escrow until the effective date of the Knife River separation, or if the separation does not occur within the time frame specified, released back to the noteholders, along with accrued interest.

Knife River Holding Company anticipates that it will incur additional indebtedness in an aggregate principal capacity of up to $625.0 million in connection with the separation and distribution. The indebtedness is expected to consist of a $275.0 million term loan facility with a SOFR-based variable interest rate maturing in five years and a revolving credit facility with a borrowing capacity of up to $350.0 million and a SOFR-based variable interest rate maturing in five years.

Knife River Holding Company expects that all or a portion of the net proceeds of such indebtedness will be used to repay indebtedness owed by Knife River to Centennial that is reflected as related-party notes payable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Knife River Holding Company expects that Centennial will use such net proceeds to repay a portion of its existing third-party indebtedness.

Management believes that Knife River Holding Company and its third-party financing arrangements, future cash from operations and access to capital markets will provide adequate resources to fund future cash flow needs and, therefore, subsequent to the separation, would no longer rely on funding from Centennial.

GAAP requires that management evaluate the ability of Knife River to meet its obligations as they become due within one year after the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued. As a result of this, as further discussed in Note 16 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Centennial has committed to continue funding the Company through the central cash management and financing program to allow the Company to meet its obligations as they become due for at least one year and a day following the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued to meet this requirement. However, as previously noted, subsequent to the completion of the separation, Knife River will have its own financing arrangements and will no longer rely on funding from Centennial.

Capital expenditures

Capital expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, were $31.1 million and $30.4 million, respectively. Knife River currently estimates 2023 capital expenditures to be $125.0 million, which includes expenditures for the routine replacement and maintenance of vehicles and equipment; purchase of buildings and land, in addition to building improvements; aggregate reserves; and production and storage facility upgrades.

The Company continues to evaluate the potential for future acquisitions and other growth opportunities that would be incremental to the outlined capital program; however, these opportunities are dependent upon the availability of economic opportunities. It is anticipated that all of the funds required for capital expenditures for 2023 will be funded by various sources, including internally generated funds; credit facilities; and issuance of debt and equity securities if necessary.

Cash flows

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In millions)
Net cash provided by (used in)
Operating activities	$	(79.3)	$	(76.2)
Investing activities	(40.8)		(40.2)
Financing activities	117.2		114.6
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(2.9)		(1.8)
Cash and cash equivalents -- beginning of year	10.1		13.8
Cash and cash equivalents -- end of period	$	7.2	$	12.0

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Operating activities 

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022		Variance
	(In millions)
Components of net cash used in operating activities:
Net loss	$	(41.3)	$	(40.0)	$	(1.3)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities	26.5		25.1		1.4
Changes in current assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Receivables	34.2		10.8		23.4
Due from related-party	(.8)		4.6		(5.4)
Inventories	(49.9)		(49.5)		(.4)
Other current assets	(18.4)		(22.7)		4.3
Accounts payable	1.9		9.6		(7.7)
Due to related-party	4.6		5.9		(1.3)
Other current liabilities	(36.3)		(20.7)		(15.6)
Pension and postretirement benefit plan contributions	(.2)		(.1)		(.1)
Other noncurrent charges	.4		.8		(.4)
Net cash used in operating activities:	$	(79.3)	$	(76.2)	$	(3.1)

Cash used in operating activities totaled $79.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $76.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increased cash used in operating activities was largely the result of higher working capital needs. Cash used by working capital components totaled $64.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $61.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This increased usage of cash was driven largely by the payment of higher accrued compensation as compared to the previous year, as well as higher payments on operating expenses at the end of the period. Positively impacting working capital was higher collection of accounts receivable balances.

Investing activities

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022		Variance
	(In millions)
Capital expenditures	$	(42.4)	$	(40.8)	$	(1.6)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	—		(.5)		.5
Net proceeds from sale or disposition of property and other	3.2		2.6		.6
Investments	(1.6)		(1.5)		(.1)
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(40.8)	$	(40.2)	$	(.6)

The increase in cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, was primarily the result of timing of capital expenditures, partially offset by decreased cash used in acquisition activity and increased proceeds from asset sales.

Financing activities

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022		Variance
	(In millions)
Issuance of current related-party notes, net	$	—	$	100.0	$	(100.0)
Issuance of long-term related-party notes, net	131.6		31.7		99.9
Repayment of long-term debt	—		(.1)		.1
Debt issuance costs	—		(.7)		.7
Net transfers to Parent	(14.4)		(16.3)		1.9
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	117.2	$	114.6	$	2.6

The increase in cash flows provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022, was largely the result of decreased net transfers to parent as a result of decreasing intercompany balances in anticipation of the separation. Decreased issuance of short-term related-party notes was offset by increased issuance of long-term related-party notes in 2023.

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Material cash requirements

There were no material changes in the Company's contractual obligations related to estimated interest payments, asset retirement obligations and uncertain tax positions from those reported in the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10. For more information on the Company's contractual obligations on related-party notes payable, operating leases and purchase commitments, see the Material Cash Requirements section in the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section in the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10.

Material short-term and long-term cash requirements of the Company include repayment of related-party notes payable and interest payments on those agreements, payments on operating lease agreements, payments of obligations on purchase commitments and asset retirement obligations.

At March 31, 2023, the Company's purchase commitments reflected an increase of approximately 38 percent from the balance at December 31, 2022. This increase is primarily due to the seasonality of the Company's operations. The Company locks in a portion of its asphalt oil and fuel contracts before the construction season begins, resulting in higher purchase commitments in the first quarter. The Company expects purchase commitments to decrease throughout 2023 as obligations are satisfied during the construction season.

At March 31, 2023, the Company's related-party notes payable reflected an increase of approximately 28 percent from the balance at December 31, 2022. This increase is primarily due to an increase in borrowings from Centennial's commercial paper program. The Company typically borrows higher amounts during first quarter to purchase materials that will be used during the construction season. The Company expects borrowings to increase through second quarter and then start to decrease in the last half of the year.

At March 31, 2023, the Company expects to contribute approximately $1.0 million to its qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plan. At December 31, 2022, the Company did not expect to make contributions, however, due to the decline in asset values in 2022 decreasing the funded status of the plans, contributions are now expected.

Defined benefit pension plans

The Company has noncontributory qualified defined benefit pension plans for certain employees. Various assumptions are used in calculating the benefit expense (income) and liability (asset) related to these plans, as such costs of providing these benefits bear the risk of changes as they are dependent upon assumptions of future conditions.

There were no other material changes to the Company's qualified noncontributory defined benefit pension plans from those reported in the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10 other than the Company expects to contribute approximately $1.0 million in pension plan contributions in 2023, largely resulting from the decline in asset values in 2022 decreasing the funded status of the plans. For more information, see Note 17 of the Audited Annual Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The Business Segment Financial and Operating Data includes financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP, as well as EBITDA, EBITDA margin and Adjusted EBITDA financial measures. Knife River defines EBITDA as net income before interest expense, taxes and depreciation, depletion and amortization, and EBITDA margin as EBITDA as a percentage of revenues. Knife River defines Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA, as further adjusted to exclude unrealized gains and losses on benefit plan investments, stock-based compensation and one-time separation costs.

EBITDA, EBITDA margin and Adjusted EBITDA are considered non-GAAP financial measures and are comparable to the corresponding GAAP measures of net income, net income margin, gross profit and gross margin. Knife River believes these non-GAAP financial measures, in addition to corresponding GAAP measures, are useful to investors by providing meaningful information about operational efficiency compared to its peers by excluding the impacts of differences in tax jurisdictions and structures, debt levels and capital investment. Management believes Adjusted EBITDA is a useful performance measure because it allows for an effective evaluation of the Company's operating performance by excluding stock-based compensation and unrealized gains and losses on benefit plan investments as they are considered non-cash and not part of the Company's core operations. The Company also excludes the one-time, non-recurring costs associated with the separation of Knife River from MDU Resources as those are not expected to continue. Rating agencies and investors will also use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to calculate Knife River’s leverage as a multiple of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. Additionally, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are important financial metrics for debt investors who utilize debt to EBITDA and debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratios. Knife River’s management uses these non-GAAP financial measures in conjunction with GAAP results when evaluating its operating results internally and calculating compensation packages, and leverage as a multiple of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to determine the appropriate method of funding operations of the Company. EBITDA is calculated by adding back income taxes, interest expense and depreciation, depletion and amortization expense to net income. EBITDA margin is calculated by dividing EBITDA by revenues. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated by adding back unrealized gains and losses on benefit plan investments, stock-based compensation and one-time separation costs, to EBITDA. These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as alternatives to, or more meaningful than, GAAP financial measures such as net income or net income margin and are intended to be helpful supplemental financial measure for investors’ understanding of Knife River’s operating performance. Knife River’s non-GAAP financial measures, are not standardized; therefore,

36

it may not be possible to compare these financial measures with other companies’ EBITDA, EBITDA margin and Adjusted EBITDA measures having the same or similar names.

The following information reconciles net income to EBITDA and EBITDA to Adjusted EBITDA and provides the calculation of EBITDA margin.

Three Months Ended March 31,	2023		2022
	(In millions)
Net income	$	(41.3)	$	(40.0)
Adjustments:
Income taxes	(11.9)		(11.8)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	29.6		28.4
Interest	9.5		5.2
EBITDA	$	(14.1)	$	(18.2)
Unrealized gains (losses) on benefit plan investments	(1.3)		1.5
Stock-based compensation expense	.9		.7
One-time separation costs	.8		—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(13.7)	$	(16.0)
Revenues	$	307.9	$	310.0
Net income margin	(13.4)%		(12.9)%
EBITDA margin	(4.6)%		(5.9)%

New Accounting Standards

For information regarding new accounting standards, see Note 2.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Knife River's critical accounting estimates include impairment testing of goodwill; fair values of acquired assets and liabilities under the acquisition method of accounting; revenue recognized using the cost-to-cost measure of progress for contracts; actuarially determined benefit costs; and tax provisions. There were no material changes in the Company's critical accounting estimates from those that were previously reported in the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company is exposed to the impact of market fluctuations associated with interest rates and commodity prices. The Company has policies and procedures to assist in controlling these market risks and from time to time has utilized derivatives to manage a portion of its risk.

Interest rate risk

Rising interest rates have resulted in, and will likely continue to result in, higher borrowing costs on new debt and existing variable interest rate debt. Knife River Holding Company expects to enter into variable rate debt arrangements at the time of the separation, which could impact the interest expense recognized in future periods. For additional information on the debt agreements the Company has entered into or will enter into upon the separation, see the section entitled "Liquidity and Capital Resources".

At March 31, 2023, the Company had no outstanding interest rate hedges.

Commodity price risk

There were no material changes to commodity price risk faced by the Company from those reported in the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

The term "disclosure controls and procedures" is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. The Company's disclosure controls and other procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. The Company's disclosure controls and other procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and other procedures as of the end of the period

37

covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the chief executive officer and the chief financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, such controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in internal controls

No change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2023, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

38

Part II -- Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

There were no material changes to the Company's legal proceedings that were previously reported in the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Please refer to the Company's risk factors that are disclosed within its Registration Statement on Form 10 that could be materially harmful to the Company's business, prospects, financial condition or financial results if they occur. At March 31, 2023, there were no material changes to the Company's risk factors provided in the Company's Form 10 other than as set forth below.

The proposed separation of the Company into an independent, publicly traded company is subject to various risks and uncertainties, and may not be completed on the terms or timeline currently contemplated, if at all.

On August 4, 2022, MDU Resources announced its plan to separate Knife River from MDU Resources, which would result in two independent, publicly traded companies and is expected to occur May 31, 2023, subject to certain conditions. The execution of the proposed separation has required and will continue to require significant time and attention from the Company’s senior management and employees, which could disrupt the Company’s ongoing business and adversely affect financial results and results of operations. Further, the Company's employees may be distracted due to the uncertainty regarding their future roles with the Company pending the consummation of the proposed separation. Additionally, foreseen and unforeseen costs may be incurred in connection with the proposed separation, including fees such as advisory, accounting, legal, reorganization, restructuring, regulatory, SEC filing and other professional services, some of which may be incurred regardless of when the separation occurs. The proposed separation is also complex, and completion of the proposed separation and the timing of its completion will be subject to a number of factors and conditions, including the readiness of the Company to operate as an independent public company and finalization of the capital structure of the Company. Unanticipated developments could delay, prevent or otherwise adversely affect the proposed separation, including, but not limited to, changes in general economic and financial market conditions, material adverse changes in business or industry conditions, unanticipated costs and potential problems or delays in obtaining various regulatory approvals or clearances. In particular, changes in interest or exchange rates and the effects of inflation could delay or adversely affect the proposed separation, including in connection with any debt financing transactions undertaken in connection with the separation or the terms of any indebtedness incurred in connection therewith. There can be no assurances that MDU Resources and the Company will be able to complete the proposed separation on the terms or timeline that was announced, if at all.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

For information regarding mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Act and Item 104 of Regulation S-K, see Exhibit 95 to this Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

See the index to exhibits immediately preceding the signature page to this report.

39

Exhibits Index
			Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description	Filed Herewith	Form	Period Ended	Exhibit	Filing Date	File Number
3(a)	Certificate of Incorporation of Knife River Holding Company	X
3(b)	Bylaws of Knife River Holding Company	X
3(c)	Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation of Knife River Holding Company	X
4.2	Indenture, dated as of April 25, 2023, among Knife River Holding Company, as issuer, and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee		10- 12B/A		4.2	4/7/23	1-41642
10.1	Form of Knife River Corporation Director and/or Executive Officer Indemnification Agreement		10- 12B/A		10.16	4/7/23	1-41642
10.2	Promotion Letter with John F. Quade dated as of January 31, 2023	X
10.3	Promotion Letter with Nathan W. Ring dated as of March 15, 2023	X
10.4	Promotion Letter with Marney L. Kadrmas dated as of March 15, 2023	X
10.5	Promotion Letter with Glenn R. Pladsen dated as of March 15, 2023	X
10.6	Promotion Letter with Nancy K. Christenson dated as of March 15, 2023	X
10.7	Promotion Letter with Karl A. Liepitz dated as of March 15, 2023	X
10.8	Promotion Letter with Trevor J. Hastings dated as of March 15, 2023	X
10.9	Promotion Letter with Brian R. Gray dated as of March 27, 2023	X
31(a)	Certification of Chief Executive Officer filed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	X
31(b)	Certification of Chief Financial Officer filed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	X
32	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	X
95	Mine Safety Disclosures	X
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

40

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		Knife River Holding Company
DATE:	May 16, 2023	BY:	/s/ Brian R. Gray
			Brian R. Gray
			President and Chief Executive Officer
		BY:	/s/ Nathan W. Ring
			Nathan W. Ring
			Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

41

EX-31.A

CERTIFICATION

I, Brian R. Gray, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Knife River Holding Company;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e))and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 16, 2023 

/s/ Brian R. Gray

Brian R. Gray

President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.B

CERTIFICATION

I, Nathan W. Ring, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Knife River Holding Company;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e))and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:  May 16, 2023

/s/ Nathan W. Ring

Nathan W. Ring

Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

    Each of the undersigned, Brian R. Gray, the President and Chief Executive Officer, and Nathan W. Ring, the Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Knife River Holding Company (the "Company"), DOES HEREBY CERTIFY that:

    1.  The Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 (the "Report"), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

    2.  Information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

    IN WITNESS WHERE OF, each of the undersigned has executed this statement this 16th day of May, 2023.

/s/ Brian R. Gray

Brian R. Gray

President and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ Nathan W. Ring

Nathan W. Ring

Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Knife River Holding Company and will be retained by Knife River Holding Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-95

MDU RESOURCES GROUP, INC.

MINE SAFETY INFORMATION

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) requires issuers to include in periodic reports filed with the SEC certain information relating to citations or orders for violations of standards under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (Mine Act), as amended by the Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act of 2006 (Mine Safety Act). The Dodd-Frank Act requires reporting of the following types of citations or orders:

1.    Citations issued under Section 104 of the Mine Safety Act for violations that could significantly and substantially contribute to the cause and effect of a coal or other mine safety or health hazard.

2.    Orders issued under Section 104(b) of the Mine Safety Act. Orders are issued under this section when citations issued under Section 104 have not been totally abated within the time period allowed by the citation or subsequent extensions.

3.    Citations or orders issued under Section 104(d) of the Mine Safety Act. Citations or orders are issued under this section when it has been determined that the violation is caused by an unwarrantable failure of the mine operator to comply with the standards. An unwarrantable failure occurs when the mine operator is deemed to have engaged in aggravated conduct constituting more than ordinary negligence.

4.    Citations issued under Section 110(b)(2) of the Mine Safety Act for flagrant violations. Violations are considered flagrant for repeat or reckless failures to make reasonable efforts to eliminate a known violation of a mandatory health and safety standard that substantially and proximately caused, or reasonably could have been expected to cause, death or serious bodily injury.

5.    Imminent danger orders issued under Section 107(a) of the Mine Safety Act. An imminent danger is defined as the existence of any condition or practice in a coal or other mine which could reasonably be expected to cause death or serious physical harm before such condition or practice can be abated.

6.    Notice received under Section 104(e) of the Mine Safety Act of a pattern of violations or the potential to have such a pattern of violations that could significantly and substantially contribute to the cause and effect of mine health and safety standards.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, none of the Company's operating subsidiaries received citations or orders under the following sections of the Mine Safety Act: 104(b), 104(d), 110(b)(2), 107(a) or 104(e). The Company did not have any mining-related fatalities during this period.

1

MSHA Identification Number/Contractor ID	Section 104 S&S Citations (#)	Total Dollar Value of MSHA Assessments Proposed ($)		Legal Actions Pending as of Last Day of Period (#)	Legal Actions Initiated During Period (#)	Legal Actions Resolved During Period (#)
04-00081	—	$	286	—	—	—
10-02089	1	772		—	—	—
32-00950	—	133		—	—	—
35-02906	—	143		—	—	—
35-02968	1	1,070		—	—	—
35-03131	—	143		—	—	—
35-03321	—	143		—	—	—
35-03404	—	143		—	—	—
35-03478	—	143		—	—	—
35-03558	—	143		—	—	—
35-03581	—	143		—	—	—
35-03595	—	143		—	—	—
35-03605	1	632		—	—	—
35-03639	—	286		—	—	—
35-03642	1	892		—	—	—
39-00008	1	—		—	—	—
41-03931	—	133		—	—	—
41-05492	1	438		—	—	—
48-01518	1	6,220		—	—	—
48-01598	—	1,208		—	—	—
48-01569	—	715		—	—	—
51-00171	—	133		—	—	—
51-00192	—	133		—	—	—
51-00195	—	143		—	—	—
51-00241	—	143		—	—	—
51-00242	—	143		—	—	—
	7	$	14,624	—	—	—

Legal actions pending before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (the Commission) may involve, among other questions, challenges by operators to citations, orders and penalties they have received from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) or complaints of discrimination by miners under section 105 of the Mine Act. The following is a brief description of the types of legal actions that may be brought before the Commission.

•Contests of Citations and Orders - A contest proceeding may be filed with the Commission by operators, miners or miners' representatives to challenge the issuance of a citation or order issued by MSHA.

•Contests of Proposed Penalties (Petitions for Assessment of Penalties) - A contest of a proposed penalty is an administrative proceeding before the Commission challenging a civil penalty that MSHA has proposed for the alleged violation contained in a citation or order.

•Complaints for Compensation - A complaint for compensation may be filed with the Commission by miners entitled to compensation when a mine is closed by certain withdrawal orders issued by MSHA. The purpose of the proceeding is to determine the amount of compensation, if any, due miners idled by the orders.

•Complaints of Discharge, Discrimination or Interference - A discrimination proceeding is a case that involves a miner's allegation that he or she has suffered a wrong by the operator because he or she engaged in some type of activity protected under the Mine Act, such as making a safety complaint.

•Applications for Temporary Relief - Applications for temporary relief from any modification or termination of any order or from any order issued under section 104 of the Mine Act.

•Appeals of Judges' Decisions or Orders to the Commission - A filing with the Commission for discretionary review of a judge's decision or order by a person who has been adversely affected or aggrieved by such decision or order.

2

The following table reflects the types of legal actions pending before the Commission as of March 31, 2023:

MSHA Identification Number	Contests of Citations and Orders	Contests of Proposed Penalties	Complaints for Compensation	Complaints of Discharge, Discrimination or Interference	Applications for Temporary Relief	Appeals of Judges' Decisions or Orders to the Commission
	—	—	—	—	—	—
	—	—	—	—	—	—
	—	—	—	—	—	—

3

EX-3.A

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

OF

KNIFE RIVER HOLDING COMPANY

I, the undersigned, for the purpose of incorporating and organizing a corporation under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, do hereby execute this Certificate of Incorporation and do hereby certify as follows:

ARTICLE I

The name of the corporation (which is hereinafter referred to as the “Corporation”) is:

Knife River Holding Company

ARTICLE II

The registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is located at 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware 19801. The name of its registered agent at such address is The Corporation Trust Company.

ARTICLE III

The purpose of the Corporation shall be to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized and incorporated under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) or any successor statute.

ARTICLE IV

Section 1.    The Corporation shall be authorized to issue one thousand (1,000) shares of capital stock, all of which shall be shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”).

Section 2.    Except as otherwise provided by law, the Common Stock shall have the exclusive right to vote for the election of directors and for all other purposes. Each share of the Common Stock shall have one vote and the Common Stock shall vote together as a single class.

ARTICLE V

Any one or more directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation entitled to be voted in the election of directors.

ARTICLE VI

In furtherance and not in limitation of those powers conferred by law, the board of directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”) is expressly authorized and empowered to make, alter and repeal the by-laws of the Corporation (the “By-Laws”).

ARTICLE VII

Meetings of the stockholders shall be held at such place, within or without the State of Delaware as may be designated by, or in the manner provided in, the By-Laws or, if not so designated, at the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware. Elections of directors need not be by written ballot unless and to the extent that the By-Laws so provide.

ARTICLE VIII

The Corporation reserves the right at any time and from time to time to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in this Certificate of Incorporation, and any other provisions authorized by the laws of the State of Delaware at the time in force may be added or inserted, in the manner now or hereinafter prescribed by law, and all rights, preferences and privileges of whatsoever nature conferred upon stockholders, directors or any other persons whomsoever by and pursuant to this Certificate of Incorporation in its present form or as hereafter amended are granted subject to the right reserved in this Article VIII.

ARTICLE IX

No director or officer of the Corporation will be personally liable to the Corporation or any of its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer; provided, however, that the foregoing provisions will not eliminate or limit the liability of (a) a director or officer for any breach of that director’s or officer’s duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders, (b) a director or officer for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (c) a director under Section 174 of the DGCL, as the same exists or as that provision hereafter may be amended, supplemented or replaced, (d) a director or officer for any transactions from which that director or officer derived an improper personal benefit or (e) an officer in any action by or in the right of the Corporation. If the DGCL is amended after the filing of this Certificate of Incorporation to authorize corporate action further eliminating or limiting the personal liability of directors or officers, then the liability of a director or officer of the Corporation, in addition to the limitation on personal liability provided herein, will be limited to the fullest extent permitted by that law, as so amended. Any repeal or modification of this Article Ninth by the stockholders of the Corporation will be prospective only and will not adversely affect any limitation on the personal liability of a director or officer of the Corporation existing at the time of that repeal or modification.

ARTICLE X

The Corporation shall indemnify its directors and officers against all expense, liability and loss reasonably incurred or suffered by such persons in connection with their service as a director or officer, as applicable, of the Corporation, or their service at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or other enterprise, to the fullest extent authorized or permitted by the DGCL as the same exists or may hereafter be amended or modified from time to time (but, in the case of any such amendment or modification, only to the extent that such amendment or modification permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than said law permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment or modification), and such right to indemnification shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer of the Corporation and shall inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors and personal and legal representatives; provided, however, that, except for proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, the Corporation shall not be obligated to indemnify any director or officer (or his or her heirs, executors or personal or legal representatives) in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person unless such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized or consented to by the Board. The right to indemnification conferred by this Article Tenth shall be a contract right and shall include the

right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in defending or otherwise participating in any proceeding in advance of its final disposition; provided, however, that if the DGCL requires, the payment of such expenses incurred by a director or officer in his or her capacity as a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of a proceeding shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking, by or on behalf of such director or officer, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that such director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article Tenth or otherwise.

The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board, provide rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses to employees, and agents of the Corporation similar to those conferred in this Article Tenth to directors and officers of the Corporation.

The rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses conferred in this Article Tenth shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under this Certificate of Incorporation, the By-Laws of the Corporation, any statute, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

Any repeal of this Article Tenth by the stockholders of the Corporation shall not adversely affect any rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses of a director or officer of the Corporation existing at the time of such repeal or modification with respect to any acts or omissions occurring prior to such repeal or modification.

ARTICLE XI

The name and mailing address of the incorporator is Travis C. Anderson-Hamilton, Esq., c/o Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, 51 West 52nd Street, New York, New York 10019.

[Signature Page Follows]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I, the undersigned, being the incorporator herein named, do hereby further certify that the facts hereinabove stated are truly set forth and, accordingly, I have hereunto set my hand this 9th day of November, 2022.

/s/     
Name:    Travis C. Anderson-Hamilton
Title:    Incorporator

[Signature Page to Certificate of Incorporation of Knife River Holding Company]

EX-3.B

BY-LAWS

of

KNIFE RIVER HOLDING COMPANY

dated as of November 9, 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ARTICLE I

OFFICES

SECTION 1.    REGISTERED OFFICE..............................................................................    1

SECTION 2.    OTHER OFFICES.......................................................................................    1

ARTICLE II

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

SECTION 1.    ANNUAL MEETINGS...............................................................................    1

SECTION 2.    SPECIAL MEETINGS................................................................................    1

SECTION 3.    VOTING......................................................................................................    1

SECTION 4.    QUORUM....................................................................................................    2

SECTION 5.    NOTICE OF MEETINGS............................................................................    2

SECTION 6.    ACTION WITHOUT MEETING................................................................    2

ARTICLE III

DIRECTORS

SECTION 1.    NUMBER AND TERM...............................................................................    2

SECTION 2.    RESIGNATIONS........................................................................................    2

SECTION 3.    VACANCIES...............................................................................................    3

SECTION 4.    REMOVAL..................................................................................................    3

SECTION 5.    COMMITTEES............................................................................................    3

SECTION 6.    MEETINGS.................................................................................................    3

SECTION 7.    QUORUM....................................................................................................    4

SECTION 8.    COMPENSATION......................................................................................    4

SECTION 9.    ACTION WITHOUT MEETING................................................................    4

ARTICLE IV

OFFICERS

SECTION 1.    OFFICERS...................................................................................................    4

SECTION 2.    PRESIDENT................................................................................................    4

SECTION 3.    VICE PRESIDENTS...................................................................................    5

SECTION 4.    TREASURER..............................................................................................    5

SECTION 5.    CORPORATE SECRETARY.....................................................................    5

SECTION 6.    ASSISTANT TREASURERS AND ASSISTANT SECRETARIES..........    5

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ARTICLE V

MISCELLANEOUS

SECTION 1.    CERTIFICATES OF STOCK......................................................................    5

SECTION 2.    LOST CERTIFICATES...............................................................................    6

SECTION 3.    TRANSFER OF SHARES...........................................................................    6

SECTION 4.    STOCKHOLDERS RECORD DATE.........................................................    6

SECTION 5.    DIVIDENDS................................................................................................    7

SECTION 6.    SEAL............................................................................................................    7

SECTION 7.    FISCAL YEAR............................................................................................    7

SECTION 8.    CHECKS......................................................................................................    7

SECTION 9.    NOTICE AND WAIVER OF NOTICE......................................................    7

ARTICLE VI

INDEMNIFICATION

SECTION 1.    RIGHT TO INDEMNIFICATION..............................................................    8

SECTION 2.    PREPAYMENT OF EXPENSES................................................................    8

SECTION 3.    PROCEDURE FOR INDEMNIFICATION................................................    8

SECTION 4.    BURDEN OF PROOF.................................................................................    9

SECTION 5.    CONTRACT RIGHT; NON-EXCLUSIVITY; SURVIVAL......................    9

SECTION 6.    OTHER SOURCES.....................................................................................    9

SECTION 7.    INSURANCE...............................................................................................    9

SECTION 8.    EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS..................................................................    10

SECTION 9.    AMENDMENT OR REPEAL...................................................................    10

SECTION 10.    OTHER INDEMNIFICATION AND PREPAYMENT OF EXPENSES.    10

SECTION 11.    INTERPRETATION; SEVERABILITY...................................................    10

ARTICLE VII

AMENDMENTS

SECTION 1.    AMENDMENTS.......................................................................................    10

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ARTICLE I

OFFICES

ARTICLE IREGISTERED OFFICE – The address, including street, number, city and county, of the registered office of Knife River Holding Company (the “Corporation”) in the State of Delaware is 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware 19801; and the name of the registered agent of the Corporation in the State of Delaware at such address is The Corporation Trust Company.

SECTION 1.OTHER OFFICES – The Corporation may have other offices, either within or without the State of Delaware, at such place or places as the board of directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”) may from time to time select or the business of the Corporation may require.

ARTICLE II

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

SECTION 1.ANNUAL MEETINGS – Annual meetings of stockholders for the election of directors, and for such other business as may be stated in the notice of the meeting, shall be held at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, and at such time and date as the Board of Directors, by resolution, shall determine and as set forth in the notice of the meeting. If the date of the annual meeting shall fall upon a legal holiday, the meeting shall be held on the next succeeding business day. At each annual meeting, the stockholders entitled to vote shall elect a Board of Directors and they may transact such other corporate business as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting.

SECTION 2.SPECIAL MEETINGS – Special meetings of the stockholders for any purpose or purposes may be called by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or the Corporate Secretary, or by resolution of the Board of Directors.

SECTION 3.VOTING – Each stockholder entitled to vote in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation and these By-Laws may vote in person or by proxy, but no proxy shall be voted after three years from its date unless such proxy provides for a longer period. All elections for directors shall be decided by plurality vote; all other questions shall be decided by majority vote except as otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation or the laws of the State of Delaware.

A complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, with the address of each, and the number of shares held by each, shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is entitled to be present at such meeting.

SECTION 4.QUORUM – Except as otherwise required by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation or by these By-Laws, the presence, in person or by proxy, of stockholders holding shares constituting a majority of the voting power of the Corporation shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders. In case a quorum shall not be present at any meeting, a majority in interest of the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or by proxy, shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until the requisite amount of stock entitled to vote shall be present. At any such adjourned meeting at which the requisite amount of stock entitled to vote shall be represented, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed; but only those stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting as originally noticed shall be entitled to vote at any adjournment or adjournments thereof.

SECTION 5.NOTICE OF MEETINGS – Written notice, stating the place, date and time of the meeting, and the general nature of the business to be considered, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat, at his or her address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting. No business other than that stated in the notice shall be transacted at any meeting without the unanimous consent of all the stockholders entitled to vote thereat.

SECTION 6.ACTION WITHOUT MEETING – Unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing.

ARTICLE III

DIRECTORS

SECTION 1.NUMBER AND TERM – The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of a Board of Directors which shall consist of not less than one person. The exact number of directors shall initially be four and may thereafter be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors. Directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of stockholders and each director shall be elected to serve until his or her successor shall be elected and shall qualify. Election of directors need not be by written ballot. A director need not be a stockholder.

SECTION 2.RESIGNATIONS – Any director may resign at any time. Such resignation shall be made in writing, and shall take effect at the time specified therein, and if no time be specified, at the time of its receipt by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or the Corporate Secretary. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

-2-

SECTION 3.VACANCIES – If the office of any director becomes vacant, the remaining directors in the office, though less than a quorum, by a majority vote, may appoint any qualified person to fill such vacancy, who shall hold office for the unexpired term and until his or her successor shall be duly chosen. If the office of any director becomes vacant and there are no remaining directors, the stockholders, by the affirmative vote of the holders of shares constituting a majority of the voting power of the Corporation, at a special meeting called for such purpose, may appoint any qualified person to fill such vacancy.

SECTION 4.REMOVAL – Except as hereinafter provided, any director or directors may be removed either for or without cause at any time by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power entitled to vote for the election of directors, at an annual meeting or a special meeting called for the purpose, and the vacancy thus created may be filled, at such meeting, by the affirmative vote of holders of shares constituting a majority of the voting power of the Corporation.

SECTION 5.COMMITTEES – The Board of Directors may, by resolution or resolutions passed by a majority of the whole Board of Directors, designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more directors of the Corporation.

Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors, or in these By-Laws, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation (if any) to be affixed to any instrument requiring it.

SECTION 6.MEETINGS – Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such places and times as shall be determined from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors.

Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the President, or by the Corporate Secretary upon the written request of any director then in office, on at least one day’s notice to each director (except that notice to any director may be waived in writing by such director or shall be deemed waived by such director’s attendance at a meeting, except when such director attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not called or convened in accordance with these By-Laws) and shall be held at such place or places as may be determined by the Board of Directors, or as shall be stated in the call of the meeting.

Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation or these By-Laws, members of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in any meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

The Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, or, if at any time the Corporation does not have a Chairman of the Board of Directors, a member of the Board of Directors appointed by the Board of Directors, shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors.

-3-

SECTION 7.QUORUM – A majority of the Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. If at any meeting of the Board of Directors there shall be less than a quorum present, a majority of those present may adjourn the meeting from time to time until a quorum is obtained, and no further notice thereof need be given other than by announcement at the meeting which shall be so adjourned. The vote of the majority of the Directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors unless the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation or these By-Laws shall require the vote of a greater number.

SECTION 8.COMPENSATION – Directors shall not receive any stated salary for their services as directors or as members of committees, but by resolution of the Board of Directors a fixed fee and expenses of attendance may be allowed for attendance at each meeting. Nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity as an officer, agent or otherwise, and receiving compensation therefor.

SECTION 9.ACTION WITHOUT MEETING – Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if a written consent thereto is signed by all members of the Board of Directors or of such committee, as the case may be, and such written consent is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or such committee.

ARTICLE IV

OFFICERS

SECTION 1.OFFICERS – The officers of the Corporation shall be a President, a Treasurer and a Corporate Secretary, all of whom shall be elected by the Board of Directors and shall hold office until their successors are duly elected and qualified. In addition, the Board of Directors may elect such Vice Presidents (including a Chief Financial Officer and a Legal and General Counsel), Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers as it may deem proper. The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers and agents as it may deem advisable, who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors. Any number of offices may be held by the same person.

SECTION 2.PRESIDENT – The President shall have the general powers and duties of supervision and management usually vested in the office of President of a corporation. The President shall have the power to execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts on behalf of the Corporation, and to cause the seal of the Corporation (if any) to be affixed to any instrument requiring it, and when so affixed the seal shall be attested to by the signature of the Corporate Secretary or the Treasurer or an Assistant Secretary or an Assistant Treasurer.

-4-

SECTION 3.VICE PRESIDENTS – Vice Presidents, if any, shall have such powers and shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to them, respectively, by the Board of Directors.

SECTION 4.TREASURER – The Treasurer shall have the custody of the Corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate account of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation. He or she shall deposit all moneys and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositaries as may be designated by the Board of Directors. He or she shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the President, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements. He or she shall render to the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors and the President at the regular meetings of the Board of Directors, or whenever they may request it, an account of all his or her transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. If required by the Board of Directors, he or she shall give the Corporation a bond for the faithful discharge of his or her duties in such amount and with such surety as the Board of Directors shall prescribe.

SECTION 5.CORPORATE SECRETARY – The Corporate Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of stockholders and of the Board of Directors and all other notices required by law or by these By-Laws, and in the case of his or her absence or refusal or neglect so to do, any such notice may be given by any person thereunto directed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the President, or by the Board of Directors, upon whose request the meeting is called as provided in these By-Laws. He or she shall record all the proceedings of the meetings of the Board of Directors, any committees thereof and the stockholders of the Corporation in a book to be kept for that purpose, and shall perform such other duties as may be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the President. He or she shall have the custody of the seal of the Corporation (if any) and shall affix the same to any instrument requiring it, when authorized by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the President, and attest to the same.

SECTION 6.ASSISTANT TREASURERS AND ASSISTANT SECRETARIES – Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Secretaries, if any, shall be elected and shall have such powers and shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to them, respectively, by the Board of Directors.

ARTICLE V

MISCELLANEOUS

SECTION 1.CERTIFICATES OF STOCK – Certificates of the Corporation’s stock may be certificated or uncertificated. Any or all of the signatures on any certificated shares may be by facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who shall have signed, or whose facsimile signature or signatures shall have been used on, any such certificate or certificates shall cease to be an officer, transfer agent or registrar of the Corporation, whether because of death, resignation or otherwise, before such certificate or certificates shall have been delivered by the Corporation, such certificate or certificates may nevertheless be adopted by the Corporation and be issued and delivered as though the person or persons who signed such certificate or certificates or whose facsimile signature shall have been used thereon had not ceased to be an officer, transfer agent or registrar of the Corporation. Certificates of stock of the Corporation shall be of such form and device as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.

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SECTION 2.LOST CERTIFICATES – A new certificate of stock may be issued in the place of any certificate theretofore issued by the Corporation, alleged to have been lost or destroyed, and the Board of Directors may, in its discretion, require the owner of the lost or destroyed certificate, or such owner’s legal representatives, to give the Corporation a bond, in such sum as they may direct, not exceeding double the value of the stock, to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss of any such certificate, or the issuance of any such new certificate.

SECTION 3.TRANSFER OF SHARES – The shares of stock of the Corporation shall be transferable only upon its books by the holders thereof in person or by their duly authorized attorneys or legal representatives, and upon such transfer the old certificates shall be surrendered to the Corporation by the delivery thereof to the person in charge of the stock and transfer books and ledgers, or to such other person as the Board of Directors may designate, by whom they shall be cancelled, and new certificates shall thereupon be issued. A record shall be made of each transfer and whenever a transfer shall be made for collateral security, and not absolutely, it shall be so expressed in the entry of the transfer. The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share or shares of stock as the holder in fact thereof and accordingly shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share on the part of any other person whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof save as expressly provided by the laws of Delaware.

SECTION 4.STOCKHOLDERS RECORD DATE – In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors and which record date: (1) in the case of determination of stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders or adjournment thereof, shall, unless otherwise required by law, not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting; (2) in the case of determination of stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, shall not be more than ten days from the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors; and (3) in the case of any other action, shall not be more than sixty days prior to such other action. If no record date is fixed: (1) the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held; (2) the record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting when no prior action of the Board of Directors is required by law, shall be the first day on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation in accordance with applicable law, or, if prior action by the Board of Directors is required by law, shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action; and (3) the record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

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SECTION 5.DIVIDENDS – Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, the Board of Directors may, out of funds legally available therefor at any regular or special meeting, declare dividends upon stock of the Corporation as and when they deem appropriate. Before declaring any dividend there may be set apart out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends, such sum or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time in their discretion deem proper for working capital or as a reserve fund to meet contingencies or for equalizing dividends or for such other purposes as the Board of Directors shall deem conducive to the interests of the Corporation.

SECTION 6.SEAL – The Corporation may have a corporate seal in such form as shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors. Said seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise imprinted upon the subject document or paper.

SECTION 7.FISCAL YEAR – The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.

SECTION 8.CHECKS – All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers, or agent or agents, of the Corporation, and in such manner as shall be determined from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors.

SECTION 9.NOTICE AND WAIVER OF NOTICE – Whenever any notice is required to be given under these By-Laws, personal notice is not required unless expressly so stated, and any notice so required shall be deemed to be sufficient if given by depositing the same in the United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the person entitled thereto at his or her address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, and such notice shall be deemed to have been given on the day of such mailing. Stockholders not entitled to vote shall not be entitled to receive notice of any meetings except as otherwise provided by law. Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of any law, or under the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation or of these By-Laws, a waiver thereof, in writing and signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to such required notice. In addition, the attendance of any stockholder at a meeting, whether in person or by proxy, shall constitute a waiver of notice by such stockholder, except when a stockholder attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.

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ARTICLE VI

INDEMNIFICATION

SECTION 1.RIGHT TO INDEMNIFICATION – The Corporation shall indemnify and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any person (a “Covered Person”) who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he, or a person for whom he is the legal representative, is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or, while a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity, including service with respect to employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) reasonably incurred by such Covered Person. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, except as otherwise provided in Section 3 of Article VI of these By-Laws, the Corporation shall be required to indemnify a Covered Person in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) commenced by such Covered Person only if the commencement of such proceeding (or part thereof) by the Covered Person was authorized by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

SECTION 2.PREPAYMENT OF EXPENSES – The Corporation shall pay the expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by a Covered Person in defending any proceeding in advance of its final disposition, provided, however, that, to the extent required by law, such payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of the proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by the Covered Person to repay all amounts advanced if it should be ultimately determined that the Covered Person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article VI or otherwise. The Corporation may authorize any counsel for the Corporation to represent (subject to applicable conflict of interest considerations) such Covered Person in any proceeding, whether or not the Corporation is a party to such proceeding.

SECTION 3.PROCEDURE FOR INDEMNIFICATION – Any indemnification under Section 1 of this Article VI or any advance of expenses under Section 2 of this Article VI shall be made only against a written request therefor (together with supporting documentation) submitted by or on behalf of the Covered Person seeking indemnification or advance. Indemnification may be sought by a Covered Person under Section 1 of this Article VI in respect of a proceeding only to the extent that both the liabilities for which indemnification is sought and all portions of the proceeding relevant to the determination of whether the person has satisfied any appropriate standard of conduct have become final. A Covered Person seeking indemnification or advance of expenses may seek to enforce such Covered Person’s rights to indemnification or advance of expenses (as the case may be) in the Delaware Court of Chancery to the extent all or any portion of a requested indemnification has not been granted within 90 days of, or to the extent all or any portion of a requested advance of expenses has not been granted within 20 days of, the submission of such request. All expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) incurred by such Covered Person in connection with successfully establishing such Covered Person’s right to indemnification or advancement of expenses under this Article VI, in whole or in part, shall also be indemnified by the Corporation.

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SECTION 4.BURDEN OF PROOF –

        (a) In any proceeding brought to enforce the right of a Covered Person to receive indemnification to which such person is entitled under Section 1 of this Article VI, the Corporation has the burden of demonstrating that the standard of conduct applicable under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) or other applicable law was not met. A prior determination by the Corporation (including its Board of Directors or any Committee thereof, its independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct does not itself constitute evidence that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct.

        (b) In any proceeding brought to enforce a claim for advances to which a Covered Person is entitled under Section 2 of this Article VI, the Covered Person seeking an advance need only show that he or she has satisfied the requirements expressly set forth in Section 2 of this Article VI.

SECTION 5.CONTRACT RIGHT; NON-EXCLUSIVITY; SURVIVAL –

        (a) The rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by this Article VI shall be deemed to be separate contract rights between the Corporation and each Covered Person who serves in any such capacity at any time while these provisions as well as the relevant provisions of the DGCL are in effect, and no repeal or modification of any of these provisions or any relevant provisions of the DGCL shall adversely affect any right or obligation of such Covered Person existing at the time of such repeal or modification with respect to any state of facts then or previously existing or any proceeding previously or thereafter brought or threatened based in whole or in part upon any such state of facts. Such “contract rights” may not be modified retroactively as to any Covered Person without the consent of such Covered Person.

        (b) The rights conferred on any Covered Person by this Article VI shall not be exclusive of any other rights which such Covered Person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, these By-laws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

(c) The rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by this Article VI to any Covered Person shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such Covered Person.

SECTION 6.OTHER SOURCES – The Corporation’s obligation, if any, to indemnify or to advance expenses to any Covered Person who was or is serving at its request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity shall be reduced by any amount such Covered Person may collect as indemnification or advancement of expenses from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or non-profit enterprise.

SECTION 7.INSURANCE – The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any Covered Person who is or was or has agreed to become a director or officer of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of another Corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such Covered Person and incurred by such Covered Person or on such Covered Person’s behalf in any such capacity, or arising out of such Covered Person’s status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such Covered Person against such liability under the provisions of this Article VI.

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SECTION 8.EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS – The Board of Directors, or any officer authorized by the Board of Directors generally or in the specific case to make indemnification decisions, may cause the Corporation to indemnify any present or former employee or agent of the Corporation in such manner and for such liabilities as the Board of Directors may determine, up to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL and other applicable law.

SECTION 9.AMENDMENT OR REPEAL – Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Article VI shall not adversely affect any right or protection hereunder of any Covered Person in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification.

SECTION 10.OTHER INDEMNIFICATION AND PREPAYMENT OF EXPENSES – This Article VI shall not limit the right of the Corporation, to the extent and in the manner permitted by law, to indemnify and to advance expenses to persons other than Covered Persons when and as authorized by appropriate corporate action.

SECTION 11. INTERPRETATION; SEVERABILITY – If this Article VI or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each Covered Person as to costs, charges and expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement with respect to any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, including an action by or in the right of the Corporation, to the fullest extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Article VI that shall not have been invalidated and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.

ARTICLE VII

AMENDMENTS

SECTION 1.AMENDMENTS – These By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed at any annual meeting of the stockholders (or at any special meeting thereof if notice of such proposed alteration, amendment or repeal to be considered is contained in the notice of such special meeting) by the affirmative vote of the holders of shares constituting a majority of the voting power of the Corporation. Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, the Board of Directors may by majority vote of those present at any meeting at which a quorum is present alter, amend or repeal these By-Laws, or enact such other By-Laws as in their judgment may be advisable for the regulation and conduct of the affairs of the Corporation.

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EX-3.C

KNIFE RIVER HOLDING COMPANY

CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT
OF THE
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION

Knife River Holding Company (the “Company”), a corporation organized and existing under and by virtue of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”)

DOES HEREBY CERTIFY:

FIRST: That the original certificate of incorporation of the Company was filed with the Secretary of the State of Delaware on November 9, 2022.

SECOND: That the board of directors of the Company (the “Board”) by the unanimous written consent of its members, filed with the minutes of the Board, duly adopted resolutions proposing and declaring advisable that the certificate of incorporation of the Company be amended by changing Article IV thereof, so that, as amended, said Article shall read in its entirety as follows:

ARTICLE IV

Section 1.    The Corporation shall be authorized to issue three hundred million (300,000,000) shares of capital stock, all of which shall be shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”).

Section 2.    Except as otherwise provided by law, the Common Stock shall have the exclusive right to vote for the election of directors and for all other purposes. Each share of the Common Stock shall have one vote and the Common Stock shall vote together as a single class.

THIRD: That in lieu of a meeting and vote of stockholders, the sole stockholder of the Company has given written consent to said amendment in accordance with the provisions of Section 228 of the DGCL.

FOURTH: That the aforesaid amendment was duly adopted in accordance with the applicable provisions of Section 242 and 228 of the DGCL.

FIFTH: That the aforesaid amendment shall be effective upon the filing hereof.

[Signature page follows]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this certificate to be signed by the undersigned as of this 5 day of May, 2023.

KNIFE RIVER HOLDING COMPANY

/s/ Karl A. Liepitz    

Name:    Karl A. Liepitz

Title:    General Counsel and Secretary

[Signature Page Knife River Holding Company Certificate of Amendment]

EX-10.2

Re: Offer Letter

As discussed, I am pleased to deliver the attached offer letter relating to your employment with Knife River Corporation (the “Employer”), a wholly owned subsidiary of MDU Resources Group, Inc. (“MDU Resources”). As you know, MDU Resources plans to separate the Employer by means of a spinoff of the newly formed MDU Resources subsidiary named Knife River Holding Company (the “Parent Entity”), which will own the Employer.

This letter sets forth your compensation as an officer of the Parent Entity (which intends to change its name to “Knife River Corporation” in connection with the spinoff) following the spinoff. References to “Knife River Corporation” in this offer letter should be considered to refer either to the Employer (which intends to change its name to “KRC Materials, Inc.” in connection with the spinoff) or to the Parent Entity, as the context requires.

Sincerely,

/s/ Brian R. Gray

Brian R. Gray

President and Chief Executive Officer,

Knife River Corporation

President, Knife River Holding Company

January 31, 2023

Confidential

John Quade,

I am pleased to offer you the position of Vice-President – Business Development at Knife River Corporation, effective February 6, 2023. You will report to me and Dave Barney until such time Dave’s status changes at which time you will report directly to me.

Following is the compensation and incentive package that applies to this new role:

•Base salary:

Your annualized base salary will be $325,000 effective February 6, 2023. This is an increase of $16,720 from your current role.

•Annual Incentive:

Your target incentive on the EICP will change from the current 65% to 60% of base salary. For the plan year 2023, your incentive will be prorated based on time spent at each role. You will be recommended for inclusion in the LTIP as described below.

•Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP):

You will be recommended to the Board of Directors for their approval for a target award of 55% of your base pay. More information on this program and stock ownership guidelines will be forthcoming upon approval of your participation.

•Non-Qualified Defined Contribution Plan:

You have received funding for the 2023 plan year. You will be recommended for continued participation in the company’s non-qualified defined contribution plan with company funding. This benefit requires approval from the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.

John, I am pleased you will be moving into the VP-Business Development role. You have been instrumental and successful with the growth in the North Central region. Your experience and background will serve Knife River well in future growth.

This offer is contingent upon successfully completing a background and credit check. This offer is not an employment contract for any specified time frame. The employment relationship can be terminated by you or the company at any time, for any reason, with or without notice.

Please confirm your acceptance of this offer by signing, dating and returning (email is acceptable) the form to me.

Regards,

Brian Gray

President

Knife River Corporation

___________________________________________________________________________

I have read the above offer and agree to the terms set forth.

/s/ John Quade        2/8/23

John Quade                        Date     

Cc: HR-KRC/MDUR

EX-10.3

Re: Offer Letter

As discussed, I am pleased to deliver the attached offer letter relating to your employment with Knife River Corporation (the “Employer”), a wholly owned subsidiary of MDU Resources Group, Inc. (“MDU Resources”). As you know, MDU Resources plans to separate the Employer by means of a spinoff of the newly formed MDU Resources subsidiary named Knife River Holding Company (the “Parent Entity”), which will own the Employer.

This letter sets forth your compensation as an officer of the Parent Entity (which intends to change its name to “Knife River Corporation” in connection with the spinoff) following the spinoff. References to “Knife River Corporation” in this offer letter should be considered to refer either to the Employer (which intends to change its name to “KRC Materials, Inc.” in connection with the spinoff) or to the Parent Entity, as the context requires.

Sincerely,

/s/ Brian R. Gray

Brian R. Gray

President and Chief Executive Officer,

Knife River Corporation

President, Knife River Holding Company

March 15, 2023

Confidential

Nathan Ring,

As we continue our plan to complete a tax-free spinoff of Knife River Corporation (the “Spinoff”) and in connection with your appointment as Chief Financial Officer of Knife River Corporation, I am pleased to deliver this offer letter setting forth your compensation opportunity following the Spinoff. You will continue to report directly to me.

•Salary Grade and Base salary: Effective with the day of, and subject to the occurrence of, the Spinoff, your salary Grade will be “J” and your base salary will increase from $316,580 to $450,000.

•Stock Ownership Guidelines: Salary Grade “J” requires a stock ownership of 3x your base wage. Your new salary multiple commences with the change in your compensation and must be met in five years (2028).

•Annual Incentive/Executive Incentive Compensation Plan (EICP): Effective as of the occurrence of, the Spinoff, your annual incentive target will increase from 40% of base salary to 75% of base salary. Considering the increase in your compensation during 2023, your incentive target will be pro-rated as follows, assuming for illustrative purposes, a Spinoff date of June 1, 2023:

5/12 based on your base salary of $316,580 at 40% of base = $52,763 at Target    

7/12 based on your base salary of $450,000 at 75% of base = 196,875 at Target

As a result, your total target annual incentive would be $249,638 based on this assumption.

•Long-Term Performance-Based Incentive Plan (LTIP): On February 16, you were granted a restricted stock unit award related to 5,723 shares of MDU Resources Group, Inc. common stock based on a value of $174,119 for 2023-2025.

The total of your 2023-2025 grant is recommended to be $675,000. Therefore, an additional grant of restricted stock units relating to Knife River Corporation common stock with a value of $500,881 will be made to you, subject to the approval of the Knife River Corporation board of directors after the Spinoff.

•Non-Qualified Defined Contribution Plan: The MDU Resources Group, Inc. board of directors approved the employer contribution to your account under this plan of $31,658 for 2023. Future contributions to the corresponding Knife River Corporation plan will be addressed by the Knife River Corporation board of directors.

•Section 16 Officer: You will be a Section 16 Officer and you will become a member of Knife River’s Management Policy team.

The above information is for overview purposes, with specific terms and conditions outlined in each plan document and/or award letters.

This memo is not a contract of employment for any specified time frame. The employment relationship can be terminated by you or the company at any time, for any reason, with or without notice.

Nathan, I am very excited for the future of Knife River and the opportunities ahead. I am pleased you will be joining our team and I look forward to working with you.

Please acknowledge your acceptance by signing, dating and returning the document below.

I have read the above offer and agree to the terms set forth.

/s/ Nathan Ring    3/21/23

Nathan Ring                        Date

Cc: HR-KRC/MDUR

EX-10.4

Re: Offer Letter

As discussed, I am pleased to deliver the attached offer letter relating to your employment with Knife River Corporation (the “Employer”), a wholly owned subsidiary of MDU Resources Group, Inc. (“MDU Resources”). As you know, MDU Resources plans to separate the Employer by means of a spinoff of the newly formed MDU Resources subsidiary named Knife River Holding Company (the “Parent Entity”), which will own the Employer.

This letter sets forth your compensation as an officer of the Parent Entity (which intends to change its name to “Knife River Corporation” in connection with the spinoff) following the spinoff. References to “Knife River Corporation” in this offer letter should be considered to refer either to the Employer (which intends to change its name to “KRC Materials, Inc.” in connection with the spinoff) or to the Parent Entity, as the context requires.

Sincerely,

/s/ Brian R. Gray

Brian R. Gray

President and Chief Executive Officer,

Knife River Corporation

President, Knife River Holding Company

March 15, 2023

Confidential

Marney Kadrmas,

As we continue our plan to complete a tax-free spinoff of Knife River Corporation (the “Spinoff”), I am pleased to offer you the position of Chief Accounting Officer at Knife River Corporation, subject to the Spinoff occurring. You will report directly to Nathan Ring.

Following is the compensation opportunity for your position, subject to the occurrence of the Spinoff:

•Salary Grade and Base salary: Effective with the day of, and subject to the occurrence of, the Spinoff, your salary Grade will be “G” and your base salary will increase from $210,000 to $260,000.

•Stock Ownership Guidelines: Salary Grade “G” requires a stock ownership of 2x your base wage. Your new salary multiple commences with the effective date of your new role and must be met in five years (2028).

•Annual Incentive/Executive Incentive Compensation Plan (EICP): Effective as of the occurrence of, the Spinoff, your annual incentive target will increase from 35% of base salary to 45% of base salary. Considering the increase in your compensation during 2023, your incentive target will be pro-rated as follows, assuming for illustrative purposes, a Spinoff date of June 1, 2023:

5/12 based on your base salary of $210,000 at 35% of base = $30,625 at Target    

7/12 based on your base salary of $260,000 at 45% of base = 68,250 at Target

As a result, your total target annual incentive would be $98,875 based on this assumption and subject to the performance measures under each level.

•Long-Term Performance-Based Incentive Plan (LTIP): You will be recommended for participation in the Knife River Long-Term Performance-Based Incentive Plan at a target of 65% of base salary and further pro-rated based on months of participation in the 2023-2025 cycle. Assuming a Spinoff date of June 1, 2023, your target grant would have a value of $145,528, as follows:

31/36 based on your base salary of $260,000 at 65% of base = $145,528 at Target

•Non-Qualified Defined Contribution Plan (NQDCP): You will be recommended for participation in the NQDCP for plan year 2024 at a company contribution rate of 10%, subject to the occurrence of the Spinoff and approval by the Knife River Corporation board of directors.

•Section 16 Officer: You will be a Section 16 Officer and you will become a member of Knife River’s Management Policy team.

The above information is for overview purposes, with specific terms and conditions outlined in each plan document and/or award letters.

This offer is contingent upon successfully completing a background and credit check. This memo is not a contract of employment for any specified time frame. The employment relationship can be terminated by you or the company at any time, for any reason, with or without notice.

Marney, I am very excited for the future of Knife River and the opportunities ahead. I am pleased you will be joining our team and I look forward to continuing to work with you.

Please acknowledge your acceptance by signing, dating and returning the document below.

I have read the above offer and agree to the terms set forth.

/s/ Marney Kadrmas    3/22/23                

Marney Kadrmas                    Date

Cc: HR-KRC/MDUR

EX-10.5

Re: Offer Letter

As discussed, I am pleased to deliver the attached offer letter relating to your employment with Knife River Corporation (the “Employer”), a wholly owned subsidiary of MDU Resources Group, Inc. (“MDU Resources”). As you know, MDU Resources plans to separate the Employer by means of a spinoff of the newly formed MDU Resources subsidiary named Knife River Holding Company (the “Parent Entity”), which will own the Employer.

This letter sets forth your compensation as an officer of the Parent Entity (which intends to change its name to “Knife River Corporation” in connection with the spinoff) following the spinoff. References to “Knife River Corporation” in this offer letter should be considered to refer either to the Employer (which intends to change its name to “KRC Materials, Inc.” in connection with the spinoff) or to the Parent Entity, as the context requires.

Sincerely,

/s/ Brian R. Gray

Brian R. Gray

President and Chief Executive Officer,

Knife River Corporation

President, Knife River Holding Company

March 15, 2023

Confidential

Glenn Pladsen,    

As we continue our plan to complete a tax-free spinoff of Knife River Corporation (the “Spinoff”) and in connection with you continuing in the position of Vice President - Support Services of Knife River Corporation, I am pleased to deliver this offer letter setting forth your compensation opportunity following the Spinoff. You will continue to report directly to me.

•Salary Grade and Base salary: Effective with the day of, and subject to the occurrence of, the Spinoff, your salary Grade will be “I” and your base salary will increase from $271,700 to $350,000.

•Stock Ownership Guidelines: Salary Grade “I” requires a stock ownership of 3x your base wage. Your new salary multiple commences with the change in your compensation and must be met in five years (2028).

•Annual Incentive/Executive Incentive Compensation Plan (EICP): Effective as of the occurrence of, the Spinoff, your annual incentive target will increase from 40% of base salary to 60% of base salary. Considering the increase in your compensation during 2023, your incentive target will be pro-rated as follows, assuming for illustrative purposes, a Spinoff date of June 1, 2023:

5/12 based on your base salary of $271,700 at 40% of base = $45,283 at Target    

7/12 based on your base salary of $350,000 at 60% of base = 122,500 at Target

As a result, your total target annual incentive would be $167,783 based on this assumption.

•Long-Term Performance-Based Incentive Plan (LTIP): On February 16, you were granted a restricted stock unit award related to 4,912 shares of MDU Resources Group, Inc. common stock based on a value of $149,435 for 2023-2025.

The total of your 2023-2025 grant is recommended to be $350,000. Therefore, an additional grant of restricted stock units relating to Knife River Corporation common stock with a value of $200,565 will be made to you, subject to the approval of the Knife River Corporation board of directors after the Spinoff.

•Non-Qualified Defined Contribution Plan: The MDU Resources Group, Inc. board of directors approved the employer contribution to your account under this plan of $27,170 for 2023. Future contributions to the corresponding Knife River Corporation plan will be addressed by the Knife River Corporation board of directors.

•Section 16 Officer: You will be a Section 16 Officer and you will become a member of Knife River’s Management Policy team.

The above information is for overview purposes, with specific terms and conditions outlined in each plan document and/or award letters.

This memo is not a contract of employment for any specified time frame. The employment relationship can be terminated by you or the company at any time, for any reason, with or without notice.

Glenn, I am very excited for the future of Knife River and the opportunities ahead. I am pleased you will be joining our team and I look forward to continuing to work with you.

Please acknowledge your acceptance by signing, dating and returning the document below.

I have read the above offer and agree to the terms set forth.

/s/ Glenn Pladsen        3/21/23        

Glenn Pladsen                        Date

Cc: HR-KRC/MDUR

EX-10.6

Re: Offer Letter

As discussed, I am pleased to deliver the attached offer letter relating to your employment with Knife River Corporation (the “Employer”), a wholly owned subsidiary of MDU Resources Group, Inc. (“MDU Resources”). As you know, MDU Resources plans to separate the Employer by means of a spinoff of the newly formed MDU Resources subsidiary named Knife River Holding Company (the “Parent Entity”), which will own the Employer.

This letter sets forth your compensation as an officer of the Parent Entity (which intends to change its name to “Knife River Corporation” in connection with the spinoff) following the spinoff. References to “Knife River Corporation” in this offer letter should be considered to refer either to the Employer (which intends to change its name to “KRC Materials, Inc.” in connection with the spinoff) or to the Parent Entity, as the context requires.

Sincerely,

/s/ Brian R. Gray

Brian R. Gray

President and Chief Executive Officer,

Knife River Corporation

President, Knife River Holding Company

March 15, 2023

Confidential

Nancy Christenson,    

As we continue our plan to complete a tax-free spinoff of Knife River Corporation (the “Spinoff”) and in connection with you continuing in the position of Vice President - Administration of Knife River Corporation, I am pleased to deliver this offer letter setting forth your compensation opportunity following the Spinoff. You will continue to report directly to me.

•Salary Grade and Base salary: Effective with the day of, and subject to the occurrence of, the Spinoff, your salary Grade will be “I” and your base salary will increase from $292,600 to $350,000.

•Stock Ownership Guidelines: Salary Grade “I” requires a stock ownership of 3x your base wage. Your new salary multiple commences with the change in your compensation and must be met in five years (2028).

•Annual Incentive/Executive Incentive Compensation Plan (EICP): Effective as of the occurrence of, the Spinoff, your annual incentive target will increase from 40% of base salary to 60% of base salary. Considering the increase in your compensation during 2023, your incentive target will be pro-rated as follows, assuming for illustrative purposes, a Spinoff date of June 1, 2023:

5/12 based on your base salary of $292,600 at 40% of base = $48,767 at Target    

7/12 based on your base salary of $350,000 at 60% of base = 122,500 at Target

As a result, your total target annual incentive would be $171,267 based on this assumption.

•Long-Term Performance-Based Incentive Plan (LTIP): On February 16, you were granted a restricted stock unit award related to 5,290 shares of MDU Resources Group, Inc. common stock based on a value of $160,930 for 2023-2025.

The total of your 2023-2025 grant is recommended to be $350,000. Therefore, an additional grant of restricted stock units relating to Knife River Corporation common stock with a value of $189,070 will be made to you, subject to the approval of the Knife River Corporation board of directors after the Spinoff.

•Non-Qualified Defined Contribution Plan: The MDU Resources Group, Inc. board of directors approved the employer contribution to your account under this plan of $29,260 for 2023. Future contributions to the corresponding Knife River Corporation plan will be addressed by the Knife River Corporation board of directors.

•Section 16 Officer: You will be a Section 16 Officer and you will become a member of Knife River’s Management Policy team.

The above information is for overview purposes, with specific terms and conditions outlined in each plan document and/or award letters.

This memo is not a contract of employment for any specified time frame. The employment relationship can be terminated by you or the company at any time, for any reason, with or without notice.

Nancy, I am very excited for the future of Knife River and the opportunities ahead. I am pleased you will be joining our team and I look forward to continuing to work with you.

Please acknowledge your acceptance by signing, dating and returning the document below.

I have read the above offer and agree to the terms set forth.

/s/ Nancy Christenson        3/21/23        

Nancy Christenson                    Date

Cc: HR-KRC/MDUR

EX-10.7

Re: Offer Letter

As discussed, I am pleased to deliver the attached offer letter relating to your employment with Knife River Corporation (the “Employer”), a wholly owned subsidiary of MDU Resources Group, Inc. (“MDU Resources”). As you know, MDU Resources plans to separate the Employer by means of a spinoff of the newly formed MDU Resources subsidiary named Knife River Holding Company (the “Parent Entity”), which will own the Employer.

This letter sets forth your compensation as an officer of the Parent Entity (which intends to change its name to “Knife River Corporation” in connection with the spinoff) following the spinoff. References to “Knife River Corporation” in this offer letter should be considered to refer either to the Employer (which intends to change its name to “KRC Materials, Inc.” in connection with the spinoff) or to the Parent Entity, as the context requires.

Sincerely,

/s/ Brian R. Gray

Brian R. Gray

President and Chief Executive Officer,

Knife River Corporation

President, Knife River Holding Company

March 15, 2023

Confidential

Karl Liepitz,

As we continue our plan to complete a tax-free spinoff of Knife River Corporation (the “Spinoff”), I am pleased to offer you the position of Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary of Knife River Corporation, subject to the Spinoff occurring. You will report directly to me.

Following is the compensation opportunity for your position, subject to the occurrence of the Spinoff:

•Salary Grade and Base salary: Effective as of the day prior to, and subject to the occurrence of, the Spinoff, your salary Grade will remain at “J” and your base salary will remain at $470,000. A market study of your position will be performed for 2024 to ensure alignment with market data.

•Stock Ownership Guidelines: Salary Grade “J” requires a stock ownership of 3x your base wage. Your new salary multiple commences with the effective date in your new role and must be met in five years (2028).

•Annual Incentive/Executive Incentive Compensation Plan (EICP): You were previously approved at an incentive target of 75% for 2023 under the MDU Resources Group Executive Incentive Compensation Plan (EICP). This will remain unchanged in your new role and be mirrored in the Knife River Corporation EICP. For 2023, your incentive would be pro-rated based on time under the MDUR EICP and under the Knife River EICP.

•Long-Term Performance-Based Incentive Plan (LTIP): On February 16, you were granted a restricted stock unit award related to shares of MDU Resources Group, Inc. common stock based on a value of $799,000. The total of your 2023-2025 grant is recommended to remain at a value of $799,000.

•Non-Qualified Defined Contribution Plan: The MDU Resources Group, Inc. board of directors approved the employer contribution to your account under this plan of $47,000 for 2023. Future contributions to the corresponding Knife River Corporation plan will be addressed by the Knife River Corporation board of directors.

•Section 16 Officer: You will be a Section 16 Officer and you will become a member of Knife River’s Management Policy team.

The above information is for overview purposes, with specific terms and conditions outlined in each plan document and/or award letters.

This offer is contingent upon successfully completing a background and credit check. This memo is not a contract of employment for any specified time frame. The employment relationship can be terminated by you or the company at any time, for any reason, with or without notice.

Karl, I am very excited for the future of Knife River and the opportunities ahead. I am pleased you will be joining our team and I look forward to working with you.

Please acknowledge your acceptance by signing, dating and returning the document below.

I have read the above offer and agree to the terms set forth.

/s/ Karl Liepitz            3/23/23            

Karl Liepitz                        Date

Cc: HR-KRC/MDUR

EX-10.8

Re: Offer Letter

As discussed, I am pleased to deliver the attached offer letter relating to your employment with Knife River Corporation (the “Employer”), a wholly owned subsidiary of MDU Resources Group, Inc. (“MDU Resources”). As you know, MDU Resources plans to separate the Employer by means of a spinoff of the newly formed MDU Resources subsidiary named Knife River Holding Company (the “Parent Entity”), which will own the Employer.

This letter sets forth your compensation as an officer of the Parent Entity (which intends to change its name to “Knife River Corporation” in connection with the spinoff) following the spinoff. References to “Knife River Corporation” in this offer letter should be considered to refer either to the Employer (which intends to change its name to “KRC Materials, Inc.” in connection with the spinoff) or to the Parent Entity, as the context requires.

Sincerely,

/s/ Brian R. Gray

Brian R. Gray     

President and Chief Executive Officer,     

Knife River Corporation     

President, Knife River Holding Company

March 15, 2023

Confidential

Trevor Hastings,

As we continue our plan to complete a tax-free spinoff of Knife River Corporation (the “Spinoff”) and in connection with your appointment as Chief Operating Officer of Knife River Corporation, I am pleased to deliver this offer letter setting forth your compensation opportunity, subject to the Spinoff occurring. You will report directly to me.

•Salary Grade and Base salary: Effective as of the day prior to, and subject to the occurrence of, the Spinoff, your salary Grade will be “J” and your base salary will increase from $420,000 to $500,000.

•Stock Ownership Guidelines: Salary Grade “J” requires a stock ownership of 3x your base wage. Your new salary multiple commences with the effective date of your new role and must be met in five years (2028).

•Annual Incentive/Executive Incentive Compensation Plan (EICP): Effective as of the occurrence of, the Spinoff, your annual incentive target will increase from 60% of base salary to 75% of base salary. Considering the increase in your compensation during 2023, your incentive target will be pro-rated as follows, assuming for illustrative purposes, a Spinoff date of June 1, 2023:

5/12 based on your base salary of $420,000 at 60% of base = $105,000 at Target    

7/12 based on your base salary of $500,000 at 75% of base = 218,750 at Target

As a result, your total target annual incentive would be $323,750 based on this assumption.

•Long-Term Performance-Based Incentive Plan (LTIP): On February 16, you were granted a restricted stock unit award related to 13,806 shares of MDU Resources Group, Inc. common stock based on a value of $420,000 for 2023-2025.

The total of your 2023-2025 grant is recommended to be $750,000. Therefore, an additional grant of restricted stock units relating to Knife River Corporation common stock with a value of $330,000 will be made to you, subject to the approval of the Knife River Corporation board of directors after the Spinoff.

•Non-Qualified Defined Contribution Plan: The MDU Resources Group, Inc. board of directors approved the employer contribution to your account under this plan of $42,000 for 2023. Future contributions to the corresponding Knife River Corporation plan will be addressed by the Knife River Corporation board of directors.

•Section 16 Officer: You will be a Section 16 Officer and you will become a member of Knife River’s Management Policy team.

The above information is for overview purposes, with specific terms and conditions outlined in each plan document and/or award letters.

This offer is contingent upon successfully completing a background and credit check. This memo is not a contract of employment for any specified time frame. The employment relationship can be terminated by you or the company at any time, for any reason, with or without notice.

Trevor, I am very excited for the future of Knife River and the opportunities ahead. I am pleased you will be joining our team and I look forward to working with you.

Please acknowledge your acceptance by signing, dating and returning the document below.

I have read the above offer and agree to the terms set forth.

/s/ Trevor Hastings         3/24/23        

Trevor Hastings                        Date

Cc: HR-KRC/MDUR

EX-10.9

Re: Offer Letter

As discussed, I am pleased to deliver the attached offer letter relating to your employment with Knife River Corporation (the “Employer”), a wholly owned subsidiary of MDU Resources Group, Inc. (“MDU Resources”). As you know, MDU Resources plans to separate the Employer by means of a spinoff of the newly formed MDU Resources subsidiary named Knife River Holding Company (the “Parent Entity”), which will own the Employer.

This letter sets forth your compensation as an officer of the Parent Entity (which intends to change its name to “Knife River Corporation” in connection with the spinoff) following the spinoff. References to “Knife River Corporation” in this offer letter should be considered to refer either to the Employer (which intends to change its name to “KRC Materials, Inc.” in connection with the spinoff) or to the Parent Entity, as the context requires.

Sincerely,

/s/ Brian R. Gray

Brian R. Gray     

President and Chief Executive Officer,     

Knife River Corporation     

President, Knife River Holding Company

INTERNALCORRESPONDENCE

LOCATIONMDU Resources Group

DATE    March 27, 2023

WRITERDavid L. Goodin

SUBJECTOffer Letter President & CEO

CONFIDENTIAL

Brian R. Gray

As we continue our plan to complete a tax-free spinoff of Knife River Corporation (the “Spinoff”) and in connection with your appointment as President and CEO of Knife River Corporation effective March 1,2023, I am pleased deliver this offer letter setting forth your compensation opportunity following the Spinoff.

Salary Grade and Base Salary: Effective as of the day prior to, and subject to the occurrence of, the Spinoff, your salary Grade will be “K” and your base salary will increase from $500,000 to $800,000.

Stock Ownership Guidelines: Salary Grade “K” requires a stock ownership of 6x your base wage. Your new salary multiple commences with your promotion and must be met in five years (2028).

Annual Incentive/Executive Incentive Compensation Plan (EICP): Effective as of the day prior to, and subject to the occurrence of, the Spinoff, your annual incentive target will increase from 75% of base salary to 115% of base salary. Considering, all increases in your compensation during 2023 your incentive target will be broken out as follows, assuming for illustrative purposes a Spinoff date of June 1, 2023:

2/12 based on your base salary of $400,000 at 60% of base =    $40,000 at Target

3/12 based on your base salary of $500,000 at 75% of base =    $93,750 at Target

7/12 based on your base salary of $800,000 at 115% of base =    $536,667 at Target

As a result, your total target annual incentive would be $670,417 based on this assumption.

Long-Term Performance-Based Incentive Plan (LTIP):

On February 16, you were granted a restricted stock unit award related to 25,476 shares of MDU Resources Group, Inc. common stock based on a value of $775,000 for 2023-2025.

Your 2023-2025 grant is recommended to be $3M prorated for the time in the new role. Assuming for illustrative purposes a Spinoff date of June 1, 2023, your 2023 - 2025 grant would be as follows:

Role	Base	% LTIP	Target	Time in Role	Target
President	$400,000	100%	$400,000	Pro-rated 2/36	$22,222
President & CEO	$500,000	170%	$850,000	Pro-rated 3/36	$70,833
President & CEO Stand-Alone KRC	$800,000	375%	$3,000,000	Pro-rated 31/36	$2,583,333
Total for 2023					$2,676,389
Less Grant of 2/16/23					($775,000)
Additional Grant					$1,901,389

Assuming for illustrative purposes a Spinoff date of June 1, 2023, an additional grant of $1,901,389 restricted stock units is recommended to be made of Knife River Corporation common stock, subject to the approval of the Knife River Corporation board of directors after the Spinoff.

Non-Qualified Defined Contribution Plan: The MDU Resources Group, Inc. board of directors approved the employer contribution to your account under this plan of $40,000 for 2023. Future contributions to the corresponding Knife River Corporation plan will be addressed by the Knife River Corporation board of directors.

The above information is for overview purposes, and the specific terms and conditions of each program is outlined in the appropriate plan documents and/or award letters. This memo is not a contract of employment for any specified period. The employment relationship can be termination by you or the company at any time, for any reason, with or without notice.

Brian, congratulations on your newest role and additional responsibilities. I am excited for the year ahead and look forward to working with you.

Please acknowledge your acceptance by signing and dating the document below.

Agreed to and accepted as described above:

/s/ Brian R. Gray 4/10/23    

Brian R. Gray        Date

Cc: Human Resources – MDUR/KRC

XML

Cover page - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	May 11, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-41642
Entity Registrant Name	Knife River Holding Company
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	92-1008893
Entity Address, Address Line One	1150 West Century Avenue
Entity Address, Address Line Two	P.O. Box 5568
Entity Address, City or Town	Bismarck
Entity Address, State or Province	ND
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	58506-5568
City Area Code	701
Local Phone Number	530-1400
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.01 par value
Trading Symbol	KNF
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	No
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity common stock, shares outstanding		1,000
Entity Central Index Key	0001955520
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Revenue:
Revenue:	$ 307,900	$ 309,966
Cost of revenue:
Cost of Revenue	303,805	308,852
Gross profit	4,095	1,114
Selling, general and administrative expenses	48,658	45,719
Operating loss	(44,563)	(44,605)
Interest expense	9,495	5,266
Other income (expense)	826	(1,936)
Loss before income taxes	(53,232)	(51,807)
Income tax benefit	(11,912)	(11,797)
Net loss	$ (41,320)	$ (40,010)
Net loss per share, basic
Loss Per Share, Basic, Total	$ (516.50)	$ (500.13)
Net loss per share, diluted
Loss Per Share, Diluted, Total	$ (516.50)	$ (500.13)
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Basic	80	80
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted	80	80
Construction materials
Revenue:
Revenue:	$ 192,917	$ 195,698
Cost of revenue:
Cost of Revenue	194,129	202,858
Contracting services
Revenue:
Revenue:	114,983	114,268
Cost of revenue:
Cost of Revenue	$ 109,676	$ 105,994

XML

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Net loss	$ (41,320)	$ (40,010)
Other comprehensive income:
Reclassification adjustment for loss on derivative instruments included in net income (loss), tax	15	27
Reclassification adjustment for loss on derivative instruments included in net income (loss), net of tax	46	82
Postretirement liability adjustment:
Amortization of postretirement liability losses included in net periodic benefit cost, tax	15	71
Amortization of postretirement liability losses included in net periodic benefit cost, net of tax	47	221
Other comprehensive income	93	303
Comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (41,227)	$ (39,707)

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 7,218	$ 10,090
Receivables, net	174,590	210,157
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts	30,974	31,145
Due from related-party	16,860	16,050
Inventories	373,215	323,277
Prepayments and other current assets	36,301	17,848
Total current assets	639,158	608,567
Noncurrent assets:
Property, plant and equipment	2,512,655	2,489,408
Less accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization	1,195,287	1,174,195
Net property, plant and equipment	1,317,368	1,315,213
Goodwill	274,540	274,540
Other intangible assets, net	12,763	13,430
Operating lease right-of-use assets	43,995	45,873
Investments and other	38,945	36,696
Total noncurrent assets	1,687,611	1,685,752
Total assets	2,326,769	2,294,319
Current liabilities:
Long-term debt - current portion	211	211
Related-party notes payable - current portion	238,000	238,000
Accounts payable	80,380	87,370
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts	37,375	39,843
Accrued compensation	14,010	29,192
Due to related-party	23,521	20,286
Current operating lease liabilities	12,981	13,210
Other accrued liabilities	66,677	88,778
Total current liabilities	473,155	516,890
Noncurrent liabilities:
Long-term debt	359	427
Related-party notes payable	578,060	446,449
Deferred income taxes	175,077	175,804
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	31,013	32,663
Other	94,336	93,497
Total liabilities	1,352,000	1,265,730
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholder's equity:
Common stock	800	800
Other paid-in capital	548,174	549,106
Retained earnings	441,680	494,661
Treasury Stock, Common, Value	(3,626)	(3,626)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(12,259)	(12,352)
Total stockholder's equity	974,769	1,028,589
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity	$ 2,326,769	$ 2,294,319
Common Stock, Shares Authorized	80,000	80,000
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 10	$ 10
Treasury Stock, Common, Shares	(538,921)	(538,921)

XML

Consolidated Statements of Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common stock	Other paid-in capital	Retained earnings	Treasury Stock, Common	Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Common stock balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		80,000
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 952,844	$ 800	$ 549,714	$ 430,446	$ (3,626)	$ (24,490)
Treasury Stock, Common, Shares at Dec. 31, 2021					(538,921)
Net loss	(40,010)			(40,010)
Other comprehensive income	303					303
Equity net transfers to (from) Parent	(16,102)		(3,099)	(13,003)
Common stock balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		80,000
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	897,035	$ 800	546,615	377,433	$ (3,626)	(24,187)
Treasury Stock, Common, Shares at Mar. 31, 2022					(538,921)
Common stock balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022		80,000
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 1,028,589	$ 800	549,106	494,661	$ (3,626)	(12,352)
Treasury Stock, Common, Shares at Dec. 31, 2022	538,921				(538,921)
Net loss	$ (41,320)			(41,320)
Other comprehensive income	93					93
Equity net transfers to (from) Parent	(12,593)		(932)	(11,661)
Common stock balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023		80,000
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 974,769	$ 800	$ 548,174	$ 441,680	$ (3,626)	$ (12,259)
Treasury Stock, Common, Shares at Mar. 31, 2023	538,921				(538,921)

XML

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Operating activities:
Net loss	$ (41,320)	$ (40,010)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization	29,629	28,350
Deferred income taxes	(757)	(3,389)
Provision for credit losses	428	(253)
Amortization of debt issuance costs	132	101
Employee stock-based compensation costs	453	333
Pension and postretirement benefit plan net periodic benefit cost	298	327
Unrealized (gains) losses on investments	(892)	988
Gains on sales of assets	(2,816)	(1,405)
Changes in current assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:
Receivables	34,268	10,843
Due from related-party	(810)	4,557
Inventories	(49,938)	(49,479)
Other current assets	(18,391)	(22,683)
Accounts payable	1,880	9,618
Due to related-party	4,588	5,904
Other current liabilities	(36,281)	(20,672)
Pension and postretirement benefit plan contributions	(150)	(103)
Other noncurrent changes	400	810
Net cash used in continuing operations	(79,279)	(76,163)
Investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(42,409)	(40,791)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	0	(524)
Net proceeds from sale or disposition of property and other	3,221	2,558
Investments	(1,566)	(1,501)
Net cash used in investing activities	(40,754)	(40,258)
Financing activities:
Issuance of current related-party notes, net	0	100,000
Issuance of long-term related-party notes, net	131,610	31,681
Repayment of long-term debt	(68)	(116)
Debt issuance costs	(21)	(715)
Net transfers to Parent	(14,360)	(16,286)
Net cash provided by financing activities	117,161	114,564
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(2,872)	(1,857)
Cash and cash equivalents -- beginning of year	10,090	13,848
Cash and cash equivalents -- end of period	$ 7,218	$ 11,991

XML

Background

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Background

Background

On August 4, 2022, MDU Resources announced that its board of directors approved a plan to pursue the separation of the Company from MDU Resources. The separation will result in two independent, publicly traded companies, MDU Resources Group, Inc. and Knife River Holding Company. On March 10, 2023, Knife River Holding Company filed publicly a draft Registration Statement on Form 10 with the SEC. On May 3, 2023, MDU Resources' board of directors approved the separation and the distribution of approximately 90 percent of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company to MDU Resources' stockholders. Stockholders of MDU Resources will receive one share of the Company's common stock for every four shares of MDU Resources common stock held on May 22, 2023, the record date for the distribution. MDU Resources will retain approximately 10 percent of the Company's common stock immediately following the separation with the intent to dispose of such shares within twelve months after the separation. Prior to completing the separation, MDU Resources may adjust the percentage of the Company's common stock to be distributed to MDU Resources' stockholders and retained by MDU Resources in response to market and other factors. The Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on May 10, 2023, and the separation is expected to be completed on May 31, 2023, subject to certain conditions. The separation of Knife River is planned as a tax-free spinoff transaction to MDU Resources' stockholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. More information on the separation and distribution, as well as the Company's historical results, can be found within the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10.

Until the separation is effective, the Company is the construction materials and contracting segment of MDU Resources. Its operations are located in the western and central regions of the United States. The Company mines, processes and sells construction aggregates (crushed stone and sand and gravel) and produces and sells asphalt and ready-mix concrete. The Company is focused on the vertical integration of its aggregates-based construction materials, which is used to support value-added downstream products and contracting services.

XML

Basis of presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation [Text Block]

Basis of presentation

The accompanying consolidated interim financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Interim financial statements do not include all disclosures provided in annual financial statements and, accordingly, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Form 10. The information is unaudited but includes adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the accompanying consolidated interim financial statements and are of a normal recurring nature.

Knife River has historically operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of Centennial and an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of MDU Resources and not as a stand-alone company. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and footnotes, which were prepared on a “carve-out” basis in connection with the expected separation, were derived from the consolidated financial statements of MDU Resources as if the Company operated on a stand-alone basis during the periods presented, and were prepared utilizing the legal entity approach in conformity with GAAP.

The Company utilized allocations and carve-out methodologies to prepare its consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements herein may not be indicative of the Company's future performance or actual expenses that would have been incurred as a stand-alone company for the periods presented. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10.

All revenues and costs, as well as assets and liabilities, directly associated with the business activity of the Company are included in the consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements also include expense allocations for certain functions provided by MDU Resources and Centennial, including, but not limited to certain general corporate expenses related to senior management, legal, human resources, finance and accounting, treasury, information technology, communications, procurement, tax, insurance and other shared services. These general corporate expenses are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations within selling, general and administrative expenses. The amounts allocated were $4.6 million and $4.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These expenses have been allocated to the Company on the basis of direct usage when identifiable, with the remainder principally allocated on the basis of percent of total capital invested or other allocation methodologies that are considered to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of the services provided to the benefits received.

Following the separation from MDU Resources, the Company may perform certain functions using its own resources or contracted services. For an interim period following the separation, however, some of these functions will continue to be provided by MDU Resources under a transition services agreement.

Historically, Knife River has participated in Centennial’s centralized cash management program, including its overall financing arrangements. Knife River has related-party note agreements in place with Centennial for the financing of its capital needs, which are reflected as related-party notes payable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations reflects the allocation of interest on borrowing and funding associated with the related-party note agreements.

MDU Resources maintains various benefit and stock-based compensation plans at a corporate level while certain defined pension benefit plans are maintained at a subsidiary level. The Company’s employees participate in these aforementioned plans and the costs associated with its employees are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, as well as any net benefit plan assets or obligations.

Management has also evaluated the impact of events occurring after March 31, 2023, up to the date of issuance of these consolidated interim financial statements on May 16, 2023, that would require recognition or disclosure in the Consolidated Financial Statements. For more information on subsequent events, see Note 17.

Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions between the businesses comprising the Company have been eliminated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Related-party transactions between the Company and MDU Resources or Centennial for general operating activities and intercompany debt have been included in the consolidated financial statements. These related-party transactions have historically been settled in cash and are reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as “Due from related-party” or “Due to related-party” with the aggregate net effect reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows within operating activities and “Related-party notes payable” with the aggregate net effect reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows within financing activities.

The aggregate net effect of related-party transactions not settled in cash have been reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets within “Other paid-in capital” and in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as “Net transfers to Parent” in financing activities. See Note 16 for additional information on related-party transactions.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used for items such as long-lived assets and goodwill; fair values of acquired assets and liabilities under the acquisition method of accounting; aggregate reserves; property depreciable lives; tax provisions; revenue recognized using the cost-to-cost measure of progress for contracts; expected credit losses; environmental and other loss contingencies; costs on contracting services contracts; actuarially determined benefit costs; asset retirement obligations; lease classification; present value of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities; and the valuation of stock-based compensation. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events, historical experience, actions that the Company may undertake in the future and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. As additional information becomes available, or actual amounts are determinable, the recorded estimates are revised. Consequently, operating results can be affected by revisions to prior accounting estimates.

New accounting standards

There have been no recent accounting standards that are expected to materially affect the Company.

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Seasonality of operations	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Seasonality of operations	Some of the Company's operations are seasonal and revenues from, and certain expenses for, such operations may fluctuate significantly among quarterly periods, with lower activity in the winter months and higher activity in the summer months. Accordingly, the interim results for particular segments, and for the Company as a whole, may not be indicative of results for the full fiscal year.

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Receivables and allowance for expected credit losses

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Credit Loss [Abstract]

Receivables and allowance for expected credit loss

Receivables consist primarily of trade and contracting services contract receivables for the sale of goods and services net of expected credit losses. A majority of the Company's receivables are due in 30 days or less. The total balance of receivables past due 90 days or more was $13.7 million and $11.2 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Receivables were as follows:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Trade receivables	$	100,487	$	104,347
Contracting services contract receivables	52,487		82,428
Retention receivables	27,438		28,859
Receivables, gross	180,412		215,634
Less expected credit loss	5,822		5,477
Receivables, net	$	174,590	$	210,157

The Company's expected credit losses are determined through a review using historical credit loss experience; changes in asset specific characteristics; current conditions; and reasonable and supportable future forecasts, among other specific account data, and is performed at least quarterly. The Company develops and documents its methodology to determine its allowance for expected credit losses. Risk characteristics used by the Company may include customer mix, knowledge of customers and general economic conditions of the various local economies, among others. Specific account balances are written off when management determines the amounts to be uncollectible. Management has reviewed the balance reserved through the allowance for expected credit losses and believes it is reasonable.

Details of the Company's expected credit losses were as follows:

	Pacific		Northwest		Mountain		North Central		All Other		Total
	(In thousands)
At December 31, 2022	$	2,045	$	1,253	$	1,278	$	839	$	62	$	5,477
Current expected credit loss provision	45		313		164		(89)		(1)		432
Less write-offs charged against the allowance	1		68		18		—		—		87
At March 31, 2023	$	2,089	$	1,498	$	1,424	$	750	$	61	$	5,822

	Pacific		Northwest		Mountain		North Central		All Other		Total
	(In thousands)
At December 31, 2021	$	2,052	$	512	$	1,610	$	1,152	$	80	$	5,406
Current expected credit loss provision	1		(125)		(130)		6		(5)		(253)
Less write-offs charged against the allowance	1		20		4		1		1		27
At March 31, 2022	$	2,052	$	367	$	1,476	$	1,157	$	74	$	5,126

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Inventories

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

Inventories on the Consolidated Balance sheets were as follows:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Finished products	$	220,234	$	211,496
Raw materials	114,735		78,571
Supplies and parts	38,246		33,210
Total	$	373,215	$	323,277

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the average cost method. Inventories include production costs incurred as part of the Company's aggregate mining activities. These inventoriable production costs include all mining and processing costs associated with the production of aggregates. Stripping costs incurred during the production phase, which represent costs of removing overburden and waste materials to access mineral deposits, are a component of inventoriable production costs.

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Accumulated other comprehensive loss

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

The after-tax changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows:

	Net Unrealized Loss on Derivative  Instruments  Qualifying as Hedges		Postretirement  Liability Adjustment		Total Accumulated  Other Comprehensive  Loss
	(In thousands)
At December 31, 2022	$	(90)	$	(12,262)	$	(12,352)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	46		47		93
Net current-period other comprehensive income	46		47		93
At March 31, 2023	$	(44)	$	(12,215)	$	(12,259)

	Net Unrealized Loss on Derivative  Instruments  Qualifying as Hedges		Postretirement  Liability Adjustment		Total Accumulated  Other Comprehensive  Loss
	(In thousands)
At December 31, 2021	$	(418)	$	(24,072)	$	(24,490)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	82		221		303
Net current-period other comprehensive income	82		221		303
At March 31, 2022	$	(336)	$	(23,851)	$	(24,187)

The following amounts were reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss into net loss. The amounts presented in parenthesis indicate a decrease to net loss on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The reclassifications were as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Location on Consolidated Statements of Operations
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Reclassification adjustment for loss on derivative instruments included in net loss	$	(61)	$	(109)	Interest expense
	15		27		Income taxes
	(46)		(82)
Amortization of postretirement liability losses included in net periodic benefit cost	(62)		(292)		Other income
	15		71		Income taxes
	(47)		(221)
Total reclassifications	$	(93)	$	(303)

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Revenue from contracts with customers

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from contracts with customers

Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. Revenue is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company is considered an agent for certain taxes collected from customers. As such, the Company presents revenues net of these taxes at the time of sale to be remitted to governmental authorities, including sales and use taxes.

Disaggregation

In the following tables, revenue is disaggregated by category for each segment. The Company believes this level of disaggregation best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. For more information on the Company’s reportable segments, see Note 13.

Presented in the following tables are the sales of materials to both third parties and internal customers. Due to consolidation requirements, the internal sales revenues must be eliminated against the construction materials product used in downstream materials and contracting services to arrive at the external operating revenues.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	Pacific		Northwest		Mountain		North Central		All Other		Total
	(In thousands)
Aggregates	$	18,697	$	42,573	$	9,667	$	4,020	$	8,564	$	83,521
Ready-mix concrete	26,144		33,905		14,370		12,287		10,063		96,769
Asphalt	1,316		6,927		810		169		4,397		13,619
Other	26,055		2,682		2		1,585		8,269		38,593
Contracting services public-sector	3,971		17,003		28,238		4,526		18,334		72,072
Contracting services private-sector	2,899		25,761		13,445		109		697		42,911
Internal sales	(11,295)		(12,932)		(5,914)		(1,723)		(7,721)		(39,585)
Revenues from contracts with customers	$	67,787	$	115,919	$	60,618	$	20,973	$	42,603	$	307,900

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	Pacific		Northwest		Mountain		North Central		All Other		Total
	(In thousands)
Aggregates	$	19,063	$	33,672	$	9,211	$	4,000	$	11,701	$	77,647
Ready-mix concrete	30,055		36,323		16,170		12,357		13,593		108,498
Asphalt	4,471		8,411		331		46		4,827		18,086
Other	26,890		3,283		5		2,152		5,171		37,501
Contracting services public-sector	9,296		16,911		22,403		5,520		13,043		67,173
Contracting services private-sector	11,722		20,333		14,411		61		568		47,095
Internal sales	(16,148)		(14,142)		(4,062)		(1,312)		(10,370)		(46,034)
Revenues from contracts with customers	$	85,349	$	104,791	$	58,469	$	22,824	$	38,533	$	309,966

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Uncompleted Contracts

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Uncompleted contracts

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. The timing of invoicing to customers does not necessarily correlate with the timing of revenues being recognized under the cost-to-cost method of accounting. Contracts from contracting services are billed as work progresses in accordance with agreed upon contractual terms. Generally, billing to the customer occurs contemporaneous to revenue recognition. A variance in timing of the billings may result in a contract asset or a contract liability. A contract asset occurs when revenues are recognized under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, which exceeds amounts billed on uncompleted contracts. Such amounts will be billed as standard contract terms allow, usually based on various measures of performance or achievement. A contract liability occurs when there are billings in excess of revenues recognized under the cost-to-cost measure of progress on uncompleted contracts. Contract liabilities decrease as revenue is recognized from the satisfaction of the related performance obligation.

The changes in contract assets and liabilities were as follows:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		Change		Location on Consolidated Balance Sheets
	(In thousands)
Contract assets	$	30,974	$	31,145	$	(171)	Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts
Contract liabilities	(37,375)		(39,843)		2,468		Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts
Net contract liabilities	$	(6,401)	$	(8,698)	$	2,297

The Company recognized $20.3 million in revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023, which was previously included in contract liabilities at December 31, 2022. The Company recognized $20.0 million in revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which was previously included in contract liabilities at December 31, 2021.

The Company recognized a net increase in revenues of $3.6 million and $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods.

Remaining performance obligations

The remaining performance obligations, also referred to as backlog, include unrecognized revenues that the Company reasonably expects to be realized. These unrecognized revenues can include: projects that have a written award, a letter of intent, a notice to proceed, an agreed upon work order to perform work on mutually accepted terms and conditions and change orders or claims to the extent management believes additional contract revenues will be earned and are deemed probable of collection. The majority of the Company's contracts for contracting services have an original duration of less than one year.

At March 31, 2023, the Company's remaining performance obligations were $958.5 million. The Company expects to recognize the following revenue amounts in future periods related to these remaining performance obligations: $863.8 million within the next 12 months or less; $70.8 million within the next 13 to 24 months; and $23.9 million in 25 months or more.

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Business Combinations

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Business Combinations

The following acquisition was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805 - Business Combinations. The results of the business combination have been included in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on the acquisition date. Pro forma financial amounts reflecting the effects of the business combination are not presented, because it was not material to the Company's financial position or results of operations.

Acquisitions are also subject to customary adjustments based on, among other things, the amount of cash, debt and working capital in the business as of the closing date. The amounts included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for these adjustments are considered provisional until final settlement has occurred.

The Company had no acquisitions in the three months ended March 31, 2023. In December 2022, the Company's Pacific segment acquired Allied Concrete and Supply Co., a producer of ready-mixed concrete in California. At March 31, 2023, the purchase price allocation was considered preliminary and will be finalized within 12 months of the acquisition date.

The total purchase price for the acquisition that occurred in 2022 was $8.9 million, subject to certain adjustments, with cash acquired totaling $2.8 million. The purchase price includes consideration paid of $1.5 million, a $70,000 holdback liability and 273,153 shares of MDU Resources' common stock with a market value of $8.4 million as of the respective acquisition date. Due to the holding period restriction on the common stock, the share consideration was discounted to a fair value of approximately $7.3 million. The amounts allocated to the aggregated assets acquired and liabilities assumed during 2022 were as follows: $1.7 million to current assets; $5.9 million to property, plant and equipment; $200,000 to goodwill; $100,000 to current liabilities; $500,000 to noncurrent liabilities - other; and $1.2 million to deferred tax liabilities.

Costs incurred for acquisitions are included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and were immaterial for both the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

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Goodwill and other intangible assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and other intangible assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

	Balance at January 1, 2023		Goodwill Acquired During the Year		Measurement Period Adjustments		Balance at March 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Pacific	$	38,339	$	—	$	—	$	38,339
Northwest	90,978		—		—		90,978
Mountain	26,816		—		—		26,816
North Central	75,879		—		—		75,879
All Other	42,528		—		—		42,528
Total	$	274,540	$	—	$	—	$	274,540

Other amortizable intangible assets were as follows:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Customer relationships	$	18,540	$	18,540
Less accumulated amortization	7,801		7,367
	10,739		11,173
Noncompete agreements	4,039		4,039
Less accumulated amortization	3,113		2,985
	926		1,054
Other	2,479		5,279
Less accumulated amortization	1,381		4,076
	1,098		1,203
Total	$	12,763	$	13,430

The previous tables include goodwill and intangible assets associated with the business combination completed during 2022. For more information related to this business combination, see Note 9.

Amortization expense for amortizable intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, was $667,000 and $621,000, respectively. Estimated amortization expense for identifiable intangible assets as of March 31, 2023, was:

	Remainder of 2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter
	(In thousands)
Amortization expense	$	1,826	$	2,361	$	2,084	$	1,782	$	1,759	$	2,951

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Fair value measurements

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair value measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value ASC establishes a hierarchy for grouping assets and liabilities, based on the significance of inputs. The estimated fair values of the Company's assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis are determined using the market approach.

The Company measures its investments in certain fixed-income and equity securities at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in income. The Company anticipates using these investments, which consist of insurance contracts, to satisfy its obligations as a participant in MDU Resources' unfunded, nonqualified defined benefit and defined contribution plans for the Company's executive officers and certain key management employees, and invests in these fixed-income and equity securities for the purpose of earning investment returns and capital appreciation. These investments, which totaled $22.4 million and $20.1 million, at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, are classified as investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The net unrealized gain on these investments was $827,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The net unrealized loss on these investments was $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The change in fair value, which is considered part of the cost of the plan, is classified in other income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company's assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

	Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2023, Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance at March 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Money market funds	$	—	$	2,472	$	—	$	2,472
Insurance contracts*	—		22,438		—		22,438
Total assets measured at fair value	$	—	$	24,910	$	—	$	24,910

*    The insurance contracts invest approximately 61 percent in fixed-income investments, 15 percent in common stock of large-cap companies, 8 percent in common stock of mid-cap companies, 7 percent in target date investments, 6 percent in common stock of small-cap companies, 2 percent in cash equivalents and 1 percent in international investments.

	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022, Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets  (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs  (Level 3)		Balance at December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Money market funds	$	—	$	2,448	$	—	$	2,448
Insurance contracts*	—		20,083		—		20,083
Total assets measured at fair value	$	—	$	22,531	$	—	$	22,531

*    The insurance contracts invest approximately 63 percent in fixed-income investments, 15 percent in common stock of large-cap companies, 8 percent in common stock of mid-cap companies, 6 percent in common stock of small-cap companies, 6 percent in target date investments and 2 percent in cash equivalents.

The Company’s Level 2 money market funds are valued at the net asset value of shares held at the end of the period, based on published market quotations on active markets, or using other known sources including pricing from outside sources. The estimated fair value of the Company’s Level 2 insurance contracts are based on contractual cash surrender values that are determined primarily by investments in managed separate accounts of the insurer. These amounts approximate fair value. The managed separate accounts are valued based on other observable inputs or corroborated market data.

Though the Company believes the methods used to estimate fair value are consistent with those used by other market participants, the use of other methods or assumptions could result in a different estimate of fair value.

The Company applies the provisions of the fair value measurement standard to its nonrecurring, non-financial measurements, including long-lived asset impairments. These assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances. The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets, excluding goodwill, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that such carrying amounts may not be recoverable.

The Company performed fair value assessments of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the business combination that occurred during 2022. The fair value of these assets and liabilities were determined based on Level 2 and Level 3 inputs.

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Cash flow information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Cash flow information

Cash expenditures for interest and income taxes were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Interest, net	$	7,081	$	704
Income taxes paid, net	$	150	$	5

Noncash investing and financing transactions were as follows:

	March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	1,894	$	2,071
Property, plant and equipment additions in accounts payable	$	2,607	$	4,921

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Business segment data

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business segment data

The Company focuses on the vertical integration of its products and services by offering customers a single-source for construction materials and related contracting services. The Company operates in 14 states across the United States. Its operating segments include: Pacific, Northwest, Mountain, North Central, South and Energy Services. The operating segments are organized by geographic region in the United States due to the cyclical nature of the construction work performed. The Company’s reportable segments are those that are based on the Company’s method of internal reporting and management of the business and are Pacific, Northwest, Mountain and North Central. The South and Energy Services operating segments do not meet the criteria to be reportable segments and, as such, are combined with its corporate services in All Other. Each segment is led by a segment president that reports to the Company’s chief executive officer who is also the Company’s chief operating decision maker. The Company’s chief operating decision maker evaluates the performance of the segments and allocates resources to them based on EBITDA.

All of the reportable segments mine, process and sell construction aggregates (crushed stone and sand and gravel); produce and sell asphalt; and produce and sell ready-mix concrete, as well as vertically integrating its contracting services to support the aggregate-based product lines including heavy-civil construction, asphalt and concrete paving, and site development and grading, and in some segments the manufacturing of prestressed concrete products. Although not common to all locations, All Other includes the sale of cement, production and distribution of modified liquid asphalt, merchandise and other building materials and related services.

The information below follows the same accounting policies as described in the audited financial statements and notes included in the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10. Information on the Company's segments was as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
External operating revenues:
Pacific	$	67,787	$	85,349
Northwest	115,919		104,791
Mountain	60,618		58,469
North Central	20,973		22,824
All Other	42,603		38,533
Total external operating revenues	$	307,900	$	309,966
Intersegment operating revenues:
Pacific	$	11,295	$	16,148
Northwest	12,932		14,142
Mountain	5,914		4,062
North Central	1,723		1,312
All Other	7,721		10,370
Total intersegment operating revenues	$	39,585	$	46,034
EBITDA:
Pacific	$	(3,113)	$	5,433
Northwest	13,138		12,781
Mountain	(6,547)		(8,042)
North Central	(23,567)		(24,269)
All Other	5,981		(4,094)
Total segment EBITDA	$	(14,108)	$	(18,191)

A reconciliation of reportable segment operating revenues to consolidated operating revenues is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Total reportable segment operating revenues	$	297,161	$	307,097
Other operating revenues	50,324		48,903
Elimination of intersegment operating revenues	(39,585)		(46,034)
Total consolidated operating revenues	$	307,900	$	309,966

A reconciliation of reportable segment EBITDA to consolidated loss before income taxes is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Total EBITDA for reportable segments	$	(20,089)	$	(14,097)
Other EBITDA	5,981		(4,094)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	29,629		28,350
Interest	9,495		5,266
Total consolidated loss before income taxes	$	(53,232)	$	(51,807)

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Employee benefit plans

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Employee benefit plans

Pension and other postretirement plans

The Company has noncontributory qualified defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans for certain eligible employees and also participates in other postretirement benefit plans of MDU Resources.

Components of net periodic benefit cost for the Company's pension benefit plans were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Interest cost	$	408	$	282
Expected return on assets	(450)		(493)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	128		214
Net periodic benefit cost	$	86	$	3

Components of net periodic benefit cost for the Company's other postretirement benefit plans were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	89	$	131
Interest cost	181		128
Expected return on assets	7		(3)
Amortization of prior service credit	(20)		(20)
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss	(45)		88
Net periodic benefit cost	$	212	$	324

The components of net periodic benefit cost, other than the service cost component, are included in other income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The service cost component is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Contingencies

The Company is party to claims and lawsuits arising out of its business and that of its consolidated subsidiaries, which may include, but are not limited to, matters involving property damage, personal injury, and environmental, contractual and statutory obligations. The Company accrues a liability for those contingencies when the incurrence of a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If a range of amounts can be reasonably estimated and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, then the minimum of the range is accrued. The Company does not accrue liabilities when the likelihood that the liability has been incurred is probable but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated or when the liability is believed to be only reasonably possible or remote. For contingencies where an unfavorable outcome is probable or reasonably possible and which are material, the Company discloses the nature of the contingency and, in some circumstances, an estimate of the possible loss. Accruals are based on the best information available, but in certain situations management is unable to estimate an amount or range of a reasonably possible loss including, but not limited to when: (1) the damages are unsubstantiated or indeterminate, (2) the proceedings are in the early stages, (3) numerous parties are involved, or (4) the matter involves novel or unsettled legal theories.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company accrued contingent liabilities, which have not been discounted, of $2.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company also recorded corresponding insurance receivables of $1.3 million and $325,000, respectively, related to the accrued liabilities. The accruals are for contingencies resulting from litigation and environmental matters. This includes amounts that have been accrued for matters discussed in Environmental matters within this note. Most of these claims and lawsuits are covered by insurance, thus the Company's exposure is typically limited to its deductible amount. The Company will continue to monitor each matter and adjust accruals as might be warranted based on new information and further developments. Management believes that the outcomes with respect to probable and reasonably possible losses in excess of the amounts accrued, net of insurance recoveries, while uncertain, either cannot be estimated or will not have a material effect upon the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Unless otherwise required by GAAP, legal costs are expensed as they are incurred.

Environmental matters

The Company is a party to claims for the cleanup of a superfund site in Portland, Oregon. There were no material changes to the Company's environmental matters that were previously reported in the audited financial statements and notes included in the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10.

Guarantees

Certain subsidiaries of the Company have outstanding guarantees to third parties that guarantee their performance. These guarantees are related to contracts for contracting services, insurance deductibles and loss limits, and certain other guarantees. At March 31, 2023, the fixed maximum amounts guaranteed under these agreements aggregated to $11.5 million, all of which has no scheduled maturity date. Certain of the guarantees also have no fixed maximum amounts specified. There were no amounts outstanding under the previously mentioned guarantees at March 31, 2023. In the event of default under these guarantee obligations, the subsidiary issuing the guarantee for that particular obligation would be required to make payments under its guarantee.

Certain subsidiaries of the Company have outstanding letters of credit to third parties related to insurance policies, cement purchases and other agreements. At March 31, 2023, the fixed maximum amounts guaranteed under these letters of credit aggregated $4.9 million. At March 31, 2023, the amounts of scheduled expiration of the maximum amounts guaranteed under these letters of credit aggregate to $4.6 million in 2023 and $332,000 in 2024. There were no amounts outstanding under the previously mentioned letters of credit at March 31, 2023. In the event of default under these letter of credit obligations, the subsidiary guaranteeing the letter of credit would be obligated for reimbursement of payments made under the letter of credit.

In addition, Centennial has issued guarantees to third parties related to the routine purchase of materials for which no fixed maximum amounts have been specified. These guarantees have no scheduled maturity date. These guarantees include the performance of Centennial's subsidiaries. If a subsidiary, including the Company, were to default under the obligations of the agreement, Centennial would be required to make payments under the guarantee. There were no amounts outstanding as of March 31, 2023.

In the normal course of business, the Company has surety bonds related to contracts for contracting services and reclamation obligations of its subsidiaries. In the event a subsidiary of the Company does not fulfill a bonded obligation, the Company would be responsible to the surety bond company for completion of the bonded contract or obligation. A large portion of the surety bonds is expected to expire within the next 12 months; however, the Company will likely continue to enter into surety bonds for its subsidiaries in the future. At March 31, 2023, approximately $822.7 million of surety bonds were outstanding, which were not reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

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Related Party Disclosures

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions Disclosure

Allocation of corporate expenses

Centennial and MDU Resources provide expense allocations for corporate services provided to the Company, including costs related to senior management, legal, human resources, finance and accounting, treasury, information technology, communications, procurement, tax, insurance and other shared services. Some of these services will continue to be provided by Centennial and MDU Resources on a temporary basis after the separation is completed under a transition services agreement. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company was allocated $4.6 million and $4.9 million, respectively, for these corporate services. These expenses have been allocated to the Company on the basis of direct usage when identifiable, with the remainder allocated on the basis of percent of total capital invested, the percent of total average commercial paper borrowings at Centennial or other allocation methodologies that are considered to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of the services provided to the benefits received, including the following: Number of employees paid and stated as cost per check; number of employees served; weighted factor of travel, managed units, national account spending, equipment and fleet acquisitions; purchase order dollars spent and purchase order line count; number of payments, vouchers or unclaimed property reports; labor hours; time tracked; and projected workload.

Management believes these cost allocations are a reasonable reflection of the utilization of services provided to, or the benefit derived by, the Company during the periods presented. The allocations may not, however, be indicative of the actual expenses that would have been incurred had the Company operated as a stand-alone public company. Actual costs that would have been incurred if the Company had been a stand-alone public company would depend on a number of factors, including the chosen organizational structure, whether functions were outsourced or performed by Company employees, and strategic decisions made in areas such as selling and marketing, information technology and infrastructure. See Note 2 for further information.

Cash management and financing

Centennial has a central cash management and financing program in which the Company participates. Through the use of these programs, Centennial is able to more effectively direct and manage the daily cash requirements and financing needs for each wholly owned subsidiaries through the consolidation of all cash activity. As cash is received and disbursed by Centennial, it is accounted for by the Company through related-party receivables and payables. The Company has related-party note agreements in place with Centennial for the financing of its capital needs. Centennial has committed to continue funding the Company through the central cash management and financing program to allow the Company to meet its obligations as they become due for at least one year and a day following the date that the consolidated financial statements are issued. As discussed in Note 2, MDU Resources announced plans to pursue a separation of the Company from MDU Resources. Upon separation, the Company plans to rely on its own credit. Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations reflects the allocation of interest on borrowing and funding related to these note agreements. The Company’s cash that was not included in the central cash management program is classified as cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Related-party notes payable

Centennial enters into short-term and long-term borrowing arrangements for the benefit of certain subsidiaries of the Company. The Company has access to borrowings by participation in Centennial's commercial paper program, as well as a centralized cash management program at Centennial. These borrowings have been included in both current and noncurrent liabilities in related-party notes payable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Related-party short-term and long-term borrowing arrangements were as follows:

	Weighted average interest rate at March 31, 2023		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
			(In thousands)
Centennial's term loan agreements with maturities ranging from September 15, 2023 to December 18, 2023	5.96	%	$	208,000	$	208,000
Centennial's senior notes with maturities ranging from June 27, 2023 to April 4, 2034	4.34	%	410,000		410,000
Borrowing arrangement under Centennial's commercial paper program, supported by Centennial’s credit agreements	6.30	%	165,599		66,449
Credit agreement due on December 19, 2024	8.05	%	32,461		—
Total related-party notes payable			816,060		684,449
Less: current maturities			238,000		238,000
Net related-party notes payable			$	578,060	$	446,449

The amounts of scheduled related-party notes payable maturities for the five years and thereafter following March 31, 2023, aggregate $238.0 million for the remainder of 2023; $198.1 million in 2024; $10.0 million in 2025; $0 in 2026; $65.0 million in 2027 and $305.0 million thereafter.

Certain debt instruments of Centennial, including those discussed below, contain restrictive covenants and cross-default provisions. In order to borrow under the respective credit agreements Centennial and its subsidiaries must be in compliance with the

applicable covenants and certain other conditions. In the event Centennial and its subsidiaries do not comply with the applicable covenants and other conditions, alternative sources of funding may need to be pursued.

Centennial's revolving credit agreement contains customary covenants and provisions, including a covenant of Centennial not to permit, as of the end of any fiscal quarter, the ratio of total consolidated debt to total consolidated capitalization to be greater than 65 percent. Other covenants include restricted payments, restrictions on the sale of certain assets, limitations on subsidiary indebtedness, minimum consolidated net worth, limitations on priority debt and the making of certain loans and investments.

Certain of Centennial's financing agreements contain cross-default provisions. These provisions state that if Centennial or any subsidiary of Centennial fails to make any payment with respect to any indebtedness or contingent obligation, in excess of a specified amount, under any agreement that causes such indebtedness to be due prior to its stated maturity or the contingent obligation to become payable, the applicable agreements will be in default.

Related-party transactions

The Company provides contracting services to MDU Resources and affiliated companies. The amount charged for these services was $131,000 and $130,000 as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Related-party transactions that are expected to be settled in cash have been included as related-party receivables or payables in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Related-party transactions that are not expected to be settled in cash have been included within Other paid-in capital in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 2 for further information.

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Subsequent Events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

On April 25, 2023, Knife River Holding Company issued $425.0 million of 7.75 percent senior notes due May 1, 2031, pursuant to an indenture agreement. The proceeds from the issuance of these notes will be held in escrow until the effective date of the Knife River separation, or if the separation does not occur within the time frame specified, released back to the lenders, along with accrued interest.

On May 3, 2023, MDU Resources' board of directors approved the separation and the distribution of approximately 90 percent of the issued and outstanding shares of the Company to MDU Resources' stockholders. Stockholders of MDU Resources will receive one share of the Company's common stock for every four shares of MDU Resources' common stock held on May 22, 2023, the record date for the distribution. MDU Resources will retain approximately 10 percent of the Company's common stock immediately following the separation with the intent to dispose of such shares within twelve months after the separation. Prior to completing the separation, MDU Resources may adjust the percentage of the Company's common stock to be distributed to MDU Resources' stockholders and retained by MDU Resources in response to market and other factors. On May 10, 2023, the SEC declared the Registration Statement for Knife River Holding Company effective. The separation is expected to be complete on May 31, 2023, subject to certain conditions.

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Basis of presentation (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of presentation

The accompanying consolidated interim financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Interim financial statements do not include all disclosures provided in annual financial statements and, accordingly, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Form 10. The information is unaudited but includes adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the accompanying consolidated interim financial statements and are of a normal recurring nature.

Knife River has historically operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of Centennial and an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of MDU Resources and not as a stand-alone company. The accompanying consolidated financial statements and footnotes, which were prepared on a “carve-out” basis in connection with the expected separation, were derived from the consolidated financial statements of MDU Resources as if the Company operated on a stand-alone basis during the periods presented, and were prepared utilizing the legal entity approach in conformity with GAAP.

The Company utilized allocations and carve-out methodologies to prepare its consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements herein may not be indicative of the Company's future performance or actual expenses that would have been incurred as a stand-alone company for the periods presented. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10.

All revenues and costs, as well as assets and liabilities, directly associated with the business activity of the Company are included in the consolidated financial statements. The consolidated financial statements also include expense allocations for certain functions provided by MDU Resources and Centennial, including, but not limited to certain general corporate expenses related to senior management, legal, human resources, finance and accounting, treasury, information technology, communications, procurement, tax, insurance and other shared services. These general corporate expenses are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations within selling, general and administrative expenses. The amounts allocated were $4.6 million and $4.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These expenses have been allocated to the Company on the basis of direct usage when identifiable, with the remainder principally allocated on the basis of percent of total capital invested or other allocation methodologies that are considered to be a reasonable reflection of the utilization of the services provided to the benefits received.

Following the separation from MDU Resources, the Company may perform certain functions using its own resources or contracted services. For an interim period following the separation, however, some of these functions will continue to be provided by MDU Resources under a transition services agreement.

Historically, Knife River has participated in Centennial’s centralized cash management program, including its overall financing arrangements. Knife River has related-party note agreements in place with Centennial for the financing of its capital needs, which are reflected as related-party notes payable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations reflects the allocation of interest on borrowing and funding associated with the related-party note agreements.

MDU Resources maintains various benefit and stock-based compensation plans at a corporate level while certain defined pension benefit plans are maintained at a subsidiary level. The Company’s employees participate in these aforementioned plans and the costs associated with its employees are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, as well as any net benefit plan assets or obligations.

Management has also evaluated the impact of events occurring after March 31, 2023, up to the date of issuance of these consolidated interim financial statements on May 16, 2023, that would require recognition or disclosure in the Consolidated Financial Statements. For more information on subsequent events, see Note 17.

Consolidation, Policy

The consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions between the businesses comprising the Company have been eliminated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Related-party transactions between the Company and MDU Resources or Centennial for general operating activities and intercompany debt have been included in the consolidated financial statements. These related-party transactions have historically been settled in cash and are reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as “Due from related-party” or “Due to related-party” with the aggregate net effect reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows within operating activities and “Related-party notes payable” with the aggregate net effect reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows within financing activities. The aggregate net effect of related-party transactions not settled in cash have been reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets within “Other paid-in capital” and in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as “Net transfers to Parent” in financing activities. See Note 16 for additional information on related-party transactions.

Use of Estimates, Policy

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used for items such as long-lived assets and goodwill; fair values of acquired assets and liabilities under the acquisition method of accounting; aggregate reserves; property depreciable lives; tax provisions; revenue recognized using the cost-to-cost measure of progress for contracts; expected credit losses; environmental and other loss contingencies; costs on contracting services contracts; actuarially determined benefit costs; asset retirement obligations; lease classification; present value of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities; and the valuation of stock-based compensation. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events, historical experience, actions that the Company may undertake in the future and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. As additional information becomes available, or actual amounts are determinable, the recorded estimates are revised. Consequently, operating results can be affected by revisions to prior accounting estimates.

New accounting standards

There have been no recent accounting standards that are expected to materially affect the Company.

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Receivables and allowance for expected credit losses (Policies)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Credit Loss [Abstract]
Accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts	Receivables consist primarily of trade and contracting services contract receivables for the sale of goods and services net of expected credit losses. A majority of the Company's receivables are due in 30 days or less.
Expected credit loss	The Company's expected credit losses are determined through a review using historical credit loss experience; changes in asset specific characteristics; current conditions; and reasonable and supportable future forecasts, among other specific account data, and is performed at least quarterly. The Company develops and documents its methodology to determine its allowance for expected credit losses. Risk characteristics used by the Company may include customer mix, knowledge of customers and general economic conditions of the various local economies, among others. Specific account balances are written off when management determines the amounts to be uncollectible.

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Revenue from contracts with customers (Policies)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue from contracts with customers	Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control over a product or service to a customer. Revenue is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes any sales incentives and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company is considered an agent for certain taxes collected from customers. As such, the Company presents revenues net of these taxes at the time of sale to be remitted to governmental authorities, including sales and use taxes.

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Business Combinations (Policies)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Business Combinations [Abstract]
Business Combinations Policy	The following acquisition was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805 - Business Combinations. The results of the business combination have been included in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on the acquisition date. Pro forma financial amounts reflecting the effects of the business combination are not presented, because it was not material to the Company's financial position or results of operations.

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Fair value disclosures (Policies)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair value measurements	The Company measures its investments in certain fixed-income and equity securities at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in income.

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Business segment data (Policies)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Business segment data	The Company’s reportable segments are those that are based on the Company’s method of internal reporting and management of the business and are Pacific, Northwest, Mountain and North Central. The South and Energy Services operating segments do not meet the criteria to be reportable segments and, as such, are combined with its corporate services in All Other. Each segment is led by a segment president that reports to the Company’s chief executive officer who is also the Company’s chief operating decision maker. The Company’s chief operating decision maker evaluates the performance of the segments and allocates resources to them based on EBITDA.

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Contingencies (Policies)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Contingencies	The Company is party to claims and lawsuits arising out of its business and that of its consolidated subsidiaries, which may include, but are not limited to, matters involving property damage, personal injury, and environmental, contractual and statutory obligations. The Company accrues a liability for those contingencies when the incurrence of a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated. If a range of amounts can be reasonably estimated and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, then the minimum of the range is accrued. The Company does not accrue liabilities when the likelihood that the liability has been incurred is probable but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated or when the liability is believed to be only reasonably possible or remote. For contingencies where an unfavorable outcome is probable or reasonably possible and which are material, the Company discloses the nature of the contingency and, in some circumstances, an estimate of the possible loss. Accruals are based on the best information available, but in certain situations management is unable to estimate an amount or range of a reasonably possible loss including, but not limited to when: (1) the damages are unsubstantiated or indeterminate, (2) the proceedings are in the early stages, (3) numerous parties are involved, or (4) the matter involves novel or unsettled legal theories.

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Receivables and allowance for expected credit losses (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Credit Loss [Abstract]

Schedule of Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable

Receivables were as follows:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Trade receivables	$	100,487	$	104,347
Contracting services contract receivables	52,487		82,428
Retention receivables	27,438		28,859
Receivables, gross	180,412		215,634
Less expected credit loss	5,822		5,477
Receivables, net	$	174,590	$	210,157

Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss

Details of the Company's expected credit losses were as follows:

	Pacific		Northwest		Mountain		North Central		All Other		Total
	(In thousands)
At December 31, 2022	$	2,045	$	1,253	$	1,278	$	839	$	62	$	5,477
Current expected credit loss provision	45		313		164		(89)		(1)		432
Less write-offs charged against the allowance	1		68		18		—		—		87
At March 31, 2023	$	2,089	$	1,498	$	1,424	$	750	$	61	$	5,822

	Pacific		Northwest		Mountain		North Central		All Other		Total
	(In thousands)
At December 31, 2021	$	2,052	$	512	$	1,610	$	1,152	$	80	$	5,406
Current expected credit loss provision	1		(125)		(130)		6		(5)		(253)
Less write-offs charged against the allowance	1		20		4		1		1		27
At March 31, 2022	$	2,052	$	367	$	1,476	$	1,157	$	74	$	5,126

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Inventories (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

Inventories on the Consolidated Balance sheets were as follows:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Finished products	$	220,234	$	211,496
Raw materials	114,735		78,571
Supplies and parts	38,246		33,210
Total	$	373,215	$	323,277

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Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated comprehensive loss

The after-tax changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows:

	Net Unrealized Loss on Derivative  Instruments  Qualifying as Hedges		Postretirement  Liability Adjustment		Total Accumulated  Other Comprehensive  Loss
	(In thousands)
At December 31, 2022	$	(90)	$	(12,262)	$	(12,352)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	46		47		93
Net current-period other comprehensive income	46		47		93
At March 31, 2023	$	(44)	$	(12,215)	$	(12,259)

	Net Unrealized Loss on Derivative  Instruments  Qualifying as Hedges		Postretirement  Liability Adjustment		Total Accumulated  Other Comprehensive  Loss
	(In thousands)
At December 31, 2021	$	(418)	$	(24,072)	$	(24,490)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	82		221		303
Net current-period other comprehensive income	82		221		303
At March 31, 2022	$	(336)	$	(23,851)	$	(24,187)

Reclassification out of accumulated other comprehensive loss

The following amounts were reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss into net loss. The amounts presented in parenthesis indicate a decrease to net loss on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The reclassifications were as follows:

	Three Months Ended				Location on Consolidated Statements of Operations
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Reclassification adjustment for loss on derivative instruments included in net loss	$	(61)	$	(109)	Interest expense
	15		27		Income taxes
	(46)		(82)
Amortization of postretirement liability losses included in net periodic benefit cost	(62)		(292)		Other income
	15		71		Income taxes
	(47)		(221)
Total reclassifications	$	(93)	$	(303)

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Revenue from contracts with customers (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of revenue

Presented in the following tables are the sales of materials to both third parties and internal customers. Due to consolidation requirements, the internal sales revenues must be eliminated against the construction materials product used in downstream materials and contracting services to arrive at the external operating revenues.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	Pacific		Northwest		Mountain		North Central		All Other		Total
	(In thousands)
Aggregates	$	18,697	$	42,573	$	9,667	$	4,020	$	8,564	$	83,521
Ready-mix concrete	26,144		33,905		14,370		12,287		10,063		96,769
Asphalt	1,316		6,927		810		169		4,397		13,619
Other	26,055		2,682		2		1,585		8,269		38,593
Contracting services public-sector	3,971		17,003		28,238		4,526		18,334		72,072
Contracting services private-sector	2,899		25,761		13,445		109		697		42,911
Internal sales	(11,295)		(12,932)		(5,914)		(1,723)		(7,721)		(39,585)
Revenues from contracts with customers	$	67,787	$	115,919	$	60,618	$	20,973	$	42,603	$	307,900

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	Pacific		Northwest		Mountain		North Central		All Other		Total
	(In thousands)
Aggregates	$	19,063	$	33,672	$	9,211	$	4,000	$	11,701	$	77,647
Ready-mix concrete	30,055		36,323		16,170		12,357		13,593		108,498
Asphalt	4,471		8,411		331		46		4,827		18,086
Other	26,890		3,283		5		2,152		5,171		37,501
Contracting services public-sector	9,296		16,911		22,403		5,520		13,043		67,173
Contracting services private-sector	11,722		20,333		14,411		61		568		47,095
Internal sales	(16,148)		(14,142)		(4,062)		(1,312)		(10,370)		(46,034)
Revenues from contracts with customers	$	85,349	$	104,791	$	58,469	$	22,824	$	38,533	$	309,966

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Uncompleted contracts (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Contract balances

The changes in contract assets and liabilities were as follows:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		Change		Location on Consolidated Balance Sheets
	(In thousands)
Contract assets	$	30,974	$	31,145	$	(171)	Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts
Contract liabilities	(37,375)		(39,843)		2,468		Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts
Net contract liabilities	$	(6,401)	$	(8,698)	$	2,297

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Goodwill and other intangible assets (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

	Balance at January 1, 2023		Goodwill Acquired During the Year		Measurement Period Adjustments		Balance at March 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Pacific	$	38,339	$	—	$	—	$	38,339
Northwest	90,978		—		—		90,978
Mountain	26,816		—		—		26,816
North Central	75,879		—		—		75,879
All Other	42,528		—		—		42,528
Total	$	274,540	$	—	$	—	$	274,540

Other amortizable intangible assets

Other amortizable intangible assets were as follows:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Customer relationships	$	18,540	$	18,540
Less accumulated amortization	7,801		7,367
	10,739		11,173
Noncompete agreements	4,039		4,039
Less accumulated amortization	3,113		2,985
	926		1,054
Other	2,479		5,279
Less accumulated amortization	1,381		4,076
	1,098		1,203
Total	$	12,763	$	13,430

Estimated amortization expense

Estimated amortization expense for identifiable intangible assets as of March 31, 2023, was:

	Remainder of 2023		2024		2025		2026		2027		Thereafter
	(In thousands)
Amortization expense	$	1,826	$	2,361	$	2,084	$	1,782	$	1,759	$	2,951

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Fair value measurements (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The Company's assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

	Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2023, Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance at March 31, 2023
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Money market funds	$	—	$	2,472	$	—	$	2,472
Insurance contracts*	—		22,438		—		22,438
Total assets measured at fair value	$	—	$	24,910	$	—	$	24,910

*    The insurance contracts invest approximately 61 percent in fixed-income investments, 15 percent in common stock of large-cap companies, 8 percent in common stock of mid-cap companies, 7 percent in target date investments, 6 percent in common stock of small-cap companies, 2 percent in cash equivalents and 1 percent in international investments.

	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022, Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets  (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs  (Level 3)		Balance at December 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Money market funds	$	—	$	2,448	$	—	$	2,448
Insurance contracts*	—		20,083		—		20,083
Total assets measured at fair value	$	—	$	22,531	$	—	$	22,531

*    The insurance contracts invest approximately 63 percent in fixed-income investments, 15 percent in common stock of large-cap companies, 8 percent in common stock of mid-cap companies, 6 percent in common stock of small-cap companies, 6 percent in target date investments and 2 percent in cash equivalents.

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Cash flow information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]

Cash expenditures for interest and income taxes and noncash investing and financing transactions

Cash expenditures for interest and income taxes were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Interest, net	$	7,081	$	704
Income taxes paid, net	$	150	$	5

Noncash investing and financing transactions were as follows:

	March 31, 2023		March 31, 2022
	(In thousands)
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	1,894	$	2,071
Property, plant and equipment additions in accounts payable	$	2,607	$	4,921

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Business segment data (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Information on the Company's businesses

Information on the Company's segments was as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
External operating revenues:
Pacific	$	67,787	$	85,349
Northwest	115,919		104,791
Mountain	60,618		58,469
North Central	20,973		22,824
All Other	42,603		38,533
Total external operating revenues	$	307,900	$	309,966
Intersegment operating revenues:
Pacific	$	11,295	$	16,148
Northwest	12,932		14,142
Mountain	5,914		4,062
North Central	1,723		1,312
All Other	7,721		10,370
Total intersegment operating revenues	$	39,585	$	46,034
EBITDA:
Pacific	$	(3,113)	$	5,433
Northwest	13,138		12,781
Mountain	(6,547)		(8,042)
North Central	(23,567)		(24,269)
All Other	5,981		(4,094)
Total segment EBITDA	$	(14,108)	$	(18,191)

Reconciliation of Revenue from Segments to Consolidated

A reconciliation of reportable segment operating revenues to consolidated operating revenues is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Total reportable segment operating revenues	$	297,161	$	307,097
Other operating revenues	50,324		48,903
Elimination of intersegment operating revenues	(39,585)		(46,034)
Total consolidated operating revenues	$	307,900	$	309,966

Segment, Reconciliation of Other Items from Segments to Consolidated

A reconciliation of reportable segment EBITDA to consolidated loss before income taxes is as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Total EBITDA for reportable segments	$	(20,089)	$	(14,097)
Other EBITDA	5,981		(4,094)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	29,629		28,350
Interest	9,495		5,266
Total consolidated loss before income taxes	$	(53,232)	$	(51,807)

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Employee benefit plans (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Schedule of net benefit costs

Components of net periodic benefit cost for the Company's pension benefit plans were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Interest cost	$	408	$	282
Expected return on assets	(450)		(493)
Amortization of net actuarial loss	128		214
Net periodic benefit cost	$	86	$	3

Components of net periodic benefit cost for the Company's other postretirement benefit plans were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost	$	89	$	131
Interest cost	181		128
Expected return on assets	7		(3)
Amortization of prior service credit	(20)		(20)
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss	(45)		88
Net periodic benefit cost	$	212	$	324

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Related Party Disclosures (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Schedule of Related Party Transactions

Related-party short-term and long-term borrowing arrangements were as follows:

	Weighted average interest rate at March 31, 2023		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
			(In thousands)
Centennial's term loan agreements with maturities ranging from September 15, 2023 to December 18, 2023	5.96	%	$	208,000	$	208,000
Centennial's senior notes with maturities ranging from June 27, 2023 to April 4, 2034	4.34	%	410,000		410,000
Borrowing arrangement under Centennial's commercial paper program, supported by Centennial’s credit agreements	6.30	%	165,599		66,449
Credit agreement due on December 19, 2024	8.05	%	32,461		—
Total related-party notes payable			816,060		684,449
Less: current maturities			238,000		238,000
Net related-party notes payable			$	578,060	$	446,449

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Background (Details) - Subsequent Event [Member]	May 03, 2023
Spin Distribution Percentages [Line Items]
Percent of Shares Distributed in Conjunction with Spinoff	90.00%
Percent of Shares, Retained by Parent, in Conjunction with Spinoff	10.00%

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Basis of presentation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Costs and Expenses, Related Party	$ 4.6	$ 4.9

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Receivables and allowance for expected credit losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Credit Loss [Abstract]
Accounts Receivable, Noncurrent, 90 Days or More Past Due, Still Accruing	$ 13.7	$ 11.2

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Receivables and allowance for expected credit losses (Details 2) - Trade Accounts Receivable - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Trade receivables	$ 100,487	$ 104,347
Contracting services contract receivables	52,487	82,428
Retention receivables	27,438	28,859
Receivables, gross	180,412	215,634
Less expected credit loss	5,822	5,477	$ 5,126	$ 5,406
Receivables, net	$ 174,590	$ 210,157

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Receivables and allowance for expected credit losses (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Provision for credit losses	$ 428	$ (253)
Trade Accounts Receivable
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance	5,477	5,406
Provision for credit losses	432	(253)
Less write-offs charged against the allowance	87	27
Balance	5,822	5,126
Pacific | Trade Accounts Receivable
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance	2,045	2,052
Provision for credit losses	45	1
Less write-offs charged against the allowance	1	1
Balance	2,089	2,052
Northwest | Trade Accounts Receivable
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance	1,253	512
Provision for credit losses	313	(125)
Less write-offs charged against the allowance	68	20
Balance	1,498	367
Mountain | Trade Accounts Receivable
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance	1,278	1,610
Provision for credit losses	164	(130)
Less write-offs charged against the allowance	18	4
Balance	1,424	1,476
North Central | Trade Accounts Receivable
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance	839	1,152
Provision for credit losses	(89)	6
Less write-offs charged against the allowance	0	1
Balance	750	1,157
All Other | Trade Accounts Receivable
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Balance	62	80
Provision for credit losses	(1)	(5)
Less write-offs charged against the allowance	0	1
Balance	$ 61	$ 74

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Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Finished products	$ 220,234	$ 211,496
Raw materials	114,735	78,571
Supplies and parts	38,246	33,210
Total	$ 373,215	$ 323,277

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Accumulated other comprehensive loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Accumulated other comprehensive loss [Roll Forward]
Balance	$ 1,028,589	$ 952,844
Other comprehensive income (loss)	93	303
Balance	974,769	897,035
Net unrealized loss on derivative instruments qualifying as hedges
Accumulated other comprehensive loss [Roll Forward]
Balance	(90)	(418)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	46	82
Other comprehensive income (loss)	46	82
Balance	(44)	(336)
Postretirement liability adjustment
Accumulated other comprehensive loss [Roll Forward]
Balance	(12,262)	(24,072)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	47	221
Other comprehensive income (loss)	47	221
Balance	(12,215)	(23,851)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss
Accumulated other comprehensive loss [Roll Forward]
Balance	(12,352)	(24,490)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss	93	303
Other comprehensive income (loss)	93	303
Balance	$ (12,259)	$ (24,187)

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Reclassification out of accumulated other comprehensive loss (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Reclassification adjustment out of accumulated other comprehensive loss [Line Items]
Interest expense	$ (9,495)	$ (5,266)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	11,912	11,797
Other income	826	(1,936)
Net loss	(41,320)	(40,010)
Reclassification out of accumulated other comprehensive loss
Reclassification adjustment out of accumulated other comprehensive loss [Line Items]
Net loss	(93)	(303)
Reclassification adjustment for loss on derivative instruments included in net loss | Reclassification out of accumulated other comprehensive loss | Interest rate contract
Reclassification adjustment out of accumulated other comprehensive loss [Line Items]
Interest expense	(61)	(109)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	15	27
Net loss	(46)	(82)
Amortization of postretirement liability losses included in net periodic benefit cost | Reclassification out of accumulated other comprehensive loss
Reclassification adjustment out of accumulated other comprehensive loss [Line Items]
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	15	71
Other income	(62)	(292)
Net loss	$ (47)	$ (221)

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Disaggregation of revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	$ 307,900	$ 309,966
Aggregates
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	83,521	77,647
Ready-mix concrete
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	96,769	108,498
Asphalt
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	13,619	18,086
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	38,593	37,501
Contracting services public-sector
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	72,072	67,173
Contracting services private-sector
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	42,911	47,095
Internal sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	(39,585)	(46,034)
Pacific
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	67,787	85,349
Pacific | Aggregates
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	18,697	19,063
Pacific | Ready-mix concrete
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	26,144	30,055
Pacific | Asphalt
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	1,316	4,471
Pacific | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	26,055	26,890
Pacific | Contracting services public-sector
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	3,971	9,296
Pacific | Contracting services private-sector
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	2,899	11,722
Pacific | Internal sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	(11,295)	(16,148)
Northwest
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	115,919	104,791
Northwest | Aggregates
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	42,573	33,672
Northwest | Ready-mix concrete
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	33,905	36,323
Northwest | Asphalt
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	6,927	8,411
Northwest | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	2,682	3,283
Northwest | Contracting services public-sector
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	17,003	16,911
Northwest | Contracting services private-sector
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	25,761	20,333
Northwest | Internal sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	(12,932)	(14,142)
Mountain
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	60,618	58,469
Mountain | Aggregates
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	9,667	9,211
Mountain | Ready-mix concrete
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	14,370	16,170
Mountain | Asphalt
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	810	331
Mountain | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	2	5
Mountain | Contracting services public-sector
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	28,238	22,403
Mountain | Contracting services private-sector
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	13,445	14,411
Mountain | Internal sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	(5,914)	(4,062)
North Central
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	20,973	22,824
North Central | Aggregates
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	4,020	4,000
North Central | Ready-mix concrete
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	12,287	12,357
North Central | Asphalt
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	169	46
North Central | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	1,585	2,152
North Central | Contracting services public-sector
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	4,526	5,520
North Central | Contracting services private-sector
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	109	61
North Central | Internal sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	(1,723)	(1,312)
All Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	42,603	38,533
All Other | Aggregates
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	8,564	11,701
All Other | Ready-mix concrete
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	10,063	13,593
All Other | Asphalt
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	4,397	4,827
All Other | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	8,269	5,171
All Other | Contracting services public-sector
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	18,334	13,043
All Other | Contracting services private-sector
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	697	568
All Other | Internal sales
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue:	$ (7,721)	$ (10,370)

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Contract Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract assets	$ 30,974		$ 31,145
Change in contract assets	(171)
Contract liabilities	(37,375)		$ (39,843)
Contract with Customer, Liability, Current Change	2,468
Net contract liabilities	(6,401)	$ (8,698)
Change in net contract assets (liabilities)	2,297
Amounts included in contract liability at the beginning of the period	20,300	20,000
Contract with customer, performance obligation satisfied in previous period	$ 3,600	$ 4,800

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Uncompleted contracts remaining performance obligations (Details 2) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount	$ 958.5
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-04-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount	$ 863.8
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-04-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount	$ 70.8
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	13 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-04-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount	$ 23.9
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	25 months

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Business Combinations (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 274,540,000	$ 274,540,000
2022 Acquisition
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Gross Aggregate Consideration	8,900,000
Cash Assumed	2,800,000
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred	1,500,000
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Liabilities Incurred	70,000
Current Assets	1,700,000
Property, Plant, and Equipment	5,900,000
Goodwill	200,000
Current Liabilities	100,000
Noncurrent Liabilities - Other	500,000
Deferred Tax Liabilities	$ 1,200,000
2022 Acquisition | Common stock
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Acquisition, Equity Interest Issued or Issuable, Number of Shares	273,153
Business Acquisition, Equity Interest Issued or Issuable, Value Assigned	$ 8,400,000
Equity Issued in Business Combination, Fair Value Disclosure	$ 7,300,000

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Business Combinations - Acquisition Costs Incurred (Details 2) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Operating Expense [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business Acquisition, Transaction Costs	$ 0	$ 0

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Goodwill rollforward (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 274,540
Goodwill acquired during the year	0
Measurement period adjustments	0
Balance at end of period	274,540
Pacific
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	38,339
Goodwill acquired during the year	0
Measurement period adjustments	0
Balance at end of period	38,339
Northwest
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	90,978
Goodwill acquired during the year	0
Measurement period adjustments	0
Balance at end of period	90,978
Mountain
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	26,816
Goodwill acquired during the year	0
Measurement period adjustments	0
Balance at end of period	26,816
North Central
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	75,879
Goodwill acquired during the year	0
Measurement period adjustments	0
Balance at end of period	75,879
All Other
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	42,528
Goodwill acquired during the year	0
Measurement period adjustments	0
Balance at end of period	$ 42,528

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Other intangible assets (Details 2) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, net (excluding goodwill)	$ 12,763,000		$ 13,430,000
Amortization of intangible assets	667,000	$ 621,000
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, gross	18,540,000		18,540,000
Intangible assets, less accumulated amortization	7,801,000		7,367,000
Intangible assets, net (excluding goodwill)	10,739,000		11,173,000
Noncompete agreements
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, gross	4,039,000		4,039,000
Intangible assets, less accumulated amortization	3,113,000		2,985,000
Intangible assets, net (excluding goodwill)	926,000		1,054,000
Other intangible assets
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Intangible assets, gross	2,479,000		5,279,000
Intangible assets, less accumulated amortization	1,381,000		4,076,000
Intangible assets, net (excluding goodwill)	$ 1,098,000		$ 1,203,000

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Future amortization expense (Details 3) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
Remainder of 2023	$ 1,826
2024	2,361
2025	2,084
2026	1,782
2027	1,759
Thereafter	$ 2,951

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Fair value measurements Insurance contracts (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Investments used to satisfy nonqualified benefit plans obligations	$ 22,400,000		$ 20,100,000
Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments used to satisfy obligations under nonqualified benefit plans	$ 827,000	$ (1,000,000)

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Fair value measurements (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Concentration risks, percentage [Abstract]
Percentage in fixed-income and other investments	61.00%	63.00%
Percentage investment in common stock of large-cap companies	15.00%	15.00%
Percentage investment in common stock of mid-cap companies	8.00%	8.00%
Percentage investment in target date investments	7.00%	6.00%
Percentage investment in common stock of small-cap companies	6.00%	6.00%
Percentage investment in cash and cash equivalents	2.00%	2.00%
Percentage investment in international investments	1.00%
Fair value, measurements, recurring
Fair value measurements [Line Items]
Assets, fair value disclosure	$ 24,910	$ 22,531
Fair value, inputs, level 2 | Fair value, measurements, recurring
Fair value measurements [Line Items]
Assets, fair value disclosure	24,910	22,531
Money market funds | Fair value, measurements, recurring
Fair value measurements [Line Items]
Assets, fair value disclosure	2,472	2,448
Money market funds | Fair value, inputs, level 2 | Fair value, measurements, recurring
Fair value measurements [Line Items]
Assets, fair value disclosure	2,472	2,448
Insurance contracts* | Fair value, measurements, recurring
Fair value measurements [Line Items]
Assets, fair value disclosure	22,438	20,083
Insurance contracts* | Fair value, inputs, level 2 | Fair value, measurements, recurring
Fair value measurements [Line Items]
Assets, fair value disclosure	$ 22,438	$ 20,083

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Cash flow information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]
Interest, net	$ 7,081	$ 704
Income taxes paid, net	150	5
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	1,894	2,071
Property, plant and equipment additions in accounts payable	$ 2,607	$ 4,921

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Business segment data (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 307,900	$ 309,966
EBITDA:	(14,108)	(18,191)
Pacific
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	67,787	85,349
EBITDA:	(3,113)	5,433
Northwest
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	115,919	104,791
EBITDA:	13,138	12,781
Mountain
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	60,618	58,469
EBITDA:	(6,547)	(8,042)
North Central
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	20,973	22,824
EBITDA:	(23,567)	(24,269)
All Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	42,603	38,533
EBITDA:	5,981	(4,094)
Intersegment Eliminations [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	(39,585)	(46,034)
Intersegment Eliminations [Member] | Pacific
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	11,295	16,148
Intersegment Eliminations [Member] | Northwest
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	12,932	14,142
Intersegment Eliminations [Member] | Mountain
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	5,914	4,062
Intersegment Eliminations [Member] | North Central
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	1,723	1,312
Intersegment Eliminations [Member] | All Other
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	7,721	10,370
Total intersegment operating revenues
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 39,585	$ 46,034

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Business segment data operating revenues reconciliation (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 307,900	$ 309,966
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Revenues	297,161	307,097
Corporate, Non-Segment
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Revenues	50,324	48,903
Internal sales
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]
Revenues	$ (39,585)	$ (46,034)

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Business segment data EBITDA reconciliation (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Segment, Reconciliation of Other Items from Segments to Consolidated [Line Items]
EBITDA:	$ (14,108)	$ (18,191)
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization	29,629	28,350
Interest expense	9,495	5,266
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, Noncontrolling Interest	(53,232)	(51,807)
Operating Segments
Segment, Reconciliation of Other Items from Segments to Consolidated [Line Items]
EBITDA:	(20,089)	(14,097)
Corporate, Non-Segment
Segment, Reconciliation of Other Items from Segments to Consolidated [Line Items]
EBITDA:	$ 5,981	$ (4,094)

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Employee benefit plans (Details) - Qualified plan - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Underfunded plan | Pension benefits
Defined benefit plan disclosure, net periodic benefit cost [Line Items]
Interest cost	$ 408	$ 282
Expected return on assets	(450)	(493)
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss	128	214
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)	86	3
Overfunded Plan | Other postretirement benefits
Defined benefit plan disclosure, net periodic benefit cost [Line Items]
Service cost	89	131
Interest cost	181	128
Expected return on assets	7	(3)
Amortization of prior service credit	(20)	(20)
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss	(45)	88
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)	$ 212	$ 324

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Litigation (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Potential liabilities related to litigation and environmental matters	$ 2,000,000	$ 1,000,000
Insurance Receivable	$ 1,300,000	$ 325,000

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Guarantees (Details 2)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Guarantor Obligations [Line Items]
Guarantor obligations, maximum exposure, undiscounted	$ 11,500,000
Amount outstanding under guarantees that is reflected on balance sheet	0
Letters of credit	4,900,000
Letters of credit set to expire - 2023	4,600,000
Letters of credit set to expire - 2024	332,000
Outstanding letters of credit	0
Amount of surety bonds outstanding	$ 822,700,000

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Related Party Disclosures (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Costs and Expenses, Related Party	$ 4.6	$ 4.9

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Related Party Disclosures (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Long-term debt	$ 359	$ 427
Related Party
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Debt, Long-Term and Short-Term, Combined Amount	816,060	684,449
Debt, Current	238,000	238,000
Long-term debt	$ 578,060	446,449
Related Party | Senior Notes
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Weighted Average Interest Rate	4.34%
Long-term debt	$ 410,000	410,000
Related Party | Commercial Paper
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Weighted Average Interest Rate	6.30%
Long-term debt	$ 165,599	66,449
Related Party | Credit Agreements
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Weighted Average Interest Rate	8.05%
Long-term debt	$ 32,461	0
Related Party | Short-Term Debt
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Short-Term Debt, Weighted Average Interest Rate, at Point in Time	5.96%
Short-Term Debt	$ 208,000	$ 208,000

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Related Party Disclosures (Details 3) - Related Party - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Long-term debt maturities [Line Items]
Remainder of 2023	$ 238,000	$ 238,000
2024	198,100
2025	10,000
2026	0
2027	65,000
Thereafter	$ 305,000

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Related Party Disclosures (Details 4 ) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transaction, Amounts of Transaction	$ 131,000	$ 130,000

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Subsequent Events (Details) - Senior Notes - Subsequent Event [Member] $ in Millions	Apr. 25, 2023 USD ($)
Long-term debt outstanding [Line Items]
Long-term debt	$ 425.0
Long-Term Debt, Percentage Bearing Fixed Interest, Percentage Rate	7.75%

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Subsequent Events (Details 2) - Subsequent Event [Member]	May 03, 2023
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Percent of Shares Distributed in Conjunction with Spinoff	90.00%
Percent of Shares, Retained by Parent, in Conjunction with Spinoff	10.00%